WO2009127298A1 - Exhaust-gas purification body, and internal combustion engine having exhaust-gas purification body - Google Patents

Exhaust-gas purification body, and internal combustion engine having exhaust-gas purification body Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009127298A1
WO2009127298A1 PCT/EP2009/001696 EP2009001696W WO2009127298A1 WO 2009127298 A1 WO2009127298 A1 WO 2009127298A1 EP 2009001696 W EP2009001696 W EP 2009001696W WO 2009127298 A1 WO2009127298 A1 WO 2009127298A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
gas purification
exhaust
internal combustion
flow channels
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2009/001696
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ronny Meissner
Günter Wenninger
Original Assignee
Daimler Ag
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2009127298A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009127298A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
    • B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
    • B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
    • B01D46/2418—Honeycomb filters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/101—Three-way catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
    • B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2279/00—Filters adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours specially modified for specific uses
    • B01D2279/30—Filters adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours specially modified for specific uses for treatment of exhaust gases from IC Engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/0215—Coating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2260/00—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
    • F01N2260/06—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for improving exhaust evacuation or circulation, or reducing back-pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
    • F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
    • F01N2510/0682—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having a discontinuous, uneven or partially overlapping coating of catalytic material, e.g. higher amount of material upstream than downstream or vice versa
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
    • F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
    • F01N2510/0684—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having more than one coating layer, e.g. multi-layered coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an exhaust gas purification body in honeycomb body design according to the preamble of claim 1 and an internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas purification system, which has a corresponding exhaust gas purification body.
  • an exhaust gas cleaning body in honeycomb construction with a plurality of mutually parallel, slender and straight running flow channels is known, extending from an end face of the exhaust gas cleaning body to one of the inlet side opposite end outlet side of the exhaust gas purification body. Directly adjacent flow channels are separated from one another by porous, gas-permeable walls.
  • the exhaust gas purification body serves as a particle filter for filtering out particulate constituents, in particular of soot particles from the exhaust gas of diesel engines.
  • the flow channels are mutually closed gastight at the inlet side and at the outlet end. In this way, inlet channels and outlet channels are formed.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an exhaust gas purification component with a particle number reducing exhaust gas cleaning effect, which has an improved exhaust gas backpressure behavior. Another object is to provide an internal combustion engine with an emission control system, in which a low-emission as possible low-emission cleaning with particle reduction is possible.
  • the exhaust gas purification body according to the invention is characterized in that a first part of the flow channels on the inlet side closed gas-impermeable and otherwise formed to flow freely to the outlet side and a second part of the flow channels from the inlet side to the outlet side is continuously through-flow or formed that a first part of the Flow channels on the outlet side gas-impermeable 29los ⁇ sen and otherwise formed free to flow through to the inlet side and a second part of the flow channels from the inlet side to the outlet side is designed to be continuously through-flow.
  • the first part of at the side or closed at the outlet side flow channels can also be zero.
  • the second part of continuously freely flowable flow channels is always different from zero.
  • the exhaust gas cleaning body according to the invention shows, despite the proportion of consistently freely flow-through channels, a surprisingly high effect in terms of filtering out of particles. It is advantageously applicable to internal combustion engines, which have a lower particle content in the exhaust gas compared to conventional diesel internal combustion engines.
  • the exhaust gas cleaning body according to the invention is advantageously applicable to internal combustion engines with a particle untreated emissions of less than 25 mg per km and particularly preferred in internal combustion engines with a raw particle emission of less than 10 mg per km or less.
  • an embodiment may be advantageous in which all the flow channels of the exhaust gas cleaning body are continuously formed through from the inlet side to the outlet side.
  • the cross section of the flow channels can be formed as a regular triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon or octagon, with different embodiments are possible in one and the same emission control body. Preferred is a square cross-section for all flow channels.
  • the exhaust gas purification body itself is preferably cylindrical, with a square, in particular square, oval or round cross section.
  • the particulate content in the exhaust gas is markedly lower, typically by a factor of 10 to 100 than at Diesel engines, which typically emit more than about 20 mg of particles per km. Nevertheless, even with these spark-ignited internal combustion engines, in particular with direct fuel injection, there may be a need to reduce the particulate content in the exhaust gas. Especially in these cases, the exhaust gas purification body according to the invention is particularly advantageous applicable.
  • the exhaust back pressure is low, on the other hand, as has been found in relevant investigations, the filtering effect sufficient to significantly reduce the particulate content in the exhaust of these engines, for example, less than 5 mg per km, 1 mg per km or even less.
  • an application for the purification of exhaust gas is particularly preferred if the particles present in the exhaust gas predominantly have an aerodynamic diameter or mobility diameter of less than 100 nm, in particular less than 50 nm.
  • the pore size of the walls is predominantly between 1 .mu.m and 50 .mu.m, in particular predominantly between 5 .mu.m and 20 .mu.m.
  • the numerical values mentioned here refer to the maximum of a typically existing statistical frequency distribution of the pore size.
  • a pore size with an average of between 5 ⁇ m and 20 ⁇ m has been found to be particularly effective at reducing particulate emissions when exhaust gases are present which have a particle content of less than 5 mg per km and a particle diameter of less than 100 nm, especially less than 5o nm on average.
  • the cell density of the flow channels of the exhaust gas purification body is between 100 cpsi and 400 cpsi and the wall thickness between 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm.
  • the commonly used size cpsi (cells per square-inch) for the cell density is as Number of cells formed by the flow channels per unit area of the cross-sectional area of the exhaust gas purification body to understand. 200 cpsi corresponds to about 31 cells per cm 2 .
  • a good mechanical stability and, on the other hand, a high wall surface can be achieved with simultaneously satisfactory exhaust gas counterpressure behavior in the aforementioned ranges of values.
  • Preferred for the purification of exhaust gases with a particle content of less than 5 mg per km and / or a particle diameter of less than 50 nm are comparatively high cell densities of more than 200 cpsi.
  • the walls of the flow channels have a catalytically active coating, in particular of the type of a three-way catalyst, a nitrogen oxide storage catalyst, an SCR catalyst or an oxidation catalyst.
  • a catalytically active coating in particular of the type of a three-way catalyst, a nitrogen oxide storage catalyst, an SCR catalyst or an oxidation catalyst.
  • the exhaust gas purification body has a structure made of a ceramic material, in particular ⁇ on SiC, cordierite, mullite or Aluminiumtitanat- base.
  • the materials mentioned are toughdehnungsver ⁇ holding particularly well suited in particular ⁇ due to their temperature resistance and their for use in exhaust systems of internal combustion engines.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a Brennkraftma ⁇ machine with an exhaust gas purification system for purifying exhaust gas, which is discharged from the internal combustion engine, the characterized in that the exhaust gas purification system comprises an exhaust gas purification body according to one of claims 1 to 5.
  • the internal combustion engine is designed as a spark-ignition internal combustion engine with direct fuel injection, in particular as a spark-ignited internal combustion engine of the type of lean-burn, direct-injection gasoline engine.
  • Direct-injection spark-ignited internal combustion engines typically have a higher particulate content in the exhaust gas than is the case with non-direct-injection gasoline engines.
  • the particle content is typically many times lower than diesel engines, there may still be a need to reduce particulate content.
  • an exhaust gas cleaning body of the type described above is used according to the invention. As a result, a significant reduction of the particle content in the exhaust gas is made possible with low exhaust back pressure.
  • a cleaning function with respect to gaseous pollutant components in the exhaust gas such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and / or nitrogen oxide is possible.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of an exhaust gas cleaning body according to one of claims 1 to 5 for reducing a particle content in the exhaust gas of a motor ⁇ vehicle internal combustion engine, which emits an exhaust gas with a particle content of less than 20 mg per km of driving distance in the majority of its operating range ,
  • 1 is a schematic representation of an internal combustion engine with connected emission control system
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a first advantageous embodiment of the exhaust gas purification body according to the invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a second advantageous embodiment of the exhaust gas purification body according to the invention.
  • the internal combustion engine 1 shows an internal combustion engine 1 with a connected exhaust gas purification system 2.
  • the internal combustion engine 1 is of the type of a direct-injection, lean-burnable gasoline engine with 4 cylinders exemplarily here.
  • the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine is supplied via an exhaust pipe 3 of the exhaust gas purification system 2 to an exhaust gas purification component 4, which contains an exhaust gas purification body 5 described in greater detail below.
  • an exhaust gas purification component 4 which contains an exhaust gas purification body 5 described in greater detail below.
  • further components which are or are provided for operating the internal combustion engine 1 and the exhaust gas purification system 2 are provided can not be drawn. It is understood, however, that the exhaust gas purification system 2 may comprise further components, such as sensors and catalysts, which are upstream and / or downstream of the exhaust gas purification component 4.
  • the spark-ignited direct injection internal combustion engine 1 is designed such that it typically emits an exhaust gas with a particle content of less than 20 mg per km of driving distance of the associated motor vehicle. Furthermore, the internal combustion engine 1 typically emits a particulate exhaust gas, wherein the size of the particles has a frequency distribution with a maximum at a diameter of less than 50 nm.
  • the exhaust gas purification body 5 used for exhaust gas purification of the internal combustion engine 1 is shown schematically in longitudinal section.
  • the exhaust gas purification body 5 has from an end-side inlet side 10 to an opposite end-side outlet side 11 extending slender and straight flow channels 6a, ⁇ b.
  • the flow channels 6a, 6b extend parallel to one another, with adjacent flow channels being separated from one another by porous, gas-permeable walls 7.
  • the thickness of the walls 7 is preferably in the range of 0.2 mm and 0.4 mm.
  • the porosity is preferably between 30% and 70%, with a mean pore size between 1 .mu.m and 50 .mu.m being preferred.
  • the walls 7 are preferably formed similarly porous by ⁇ going.
  • the flow channels 6a, 6b have a square cross-section which remains constant over their length, wherein other cross-sectional shapes are likewise possible.
  • the cell density is preferably between 100 cpsi and 400 cpsi. Particularly preferred is a cell density of about 200 cpsi corresponding to about 31 cells per cm 2 .
  • the exhaust gas purification body 5 has a cylindrical shape with a preferably constant over the length square cross-section, other cross-sectional shapes are of course possible. Furthermore, the exhaust gas purification body 5 can also be constructed of a plurality of similar segments arranged in rows and columns according to the form shown in Fig. 2, wherein the segments abut each other and are preferably connected to a ceramic adhesive.
  • a first part of the flow channels 6a, 6b is provided with a gas-impermeable sealing plug 8 on the front-side outlet side 11. Apart from the plug 8 they are seen through their other axial course formed freely flowed through and thus open at the inlet side 10. On the other hand, the remaining second part of the flow channels ⁇ a, 6b is completely free of closure means and can be freely flowed through from the inlet side 10 to the outlet side 11.
  • the first part of the closed end flow channels 6a and the second part of the continuously open flow channels 6b of the exhaust gas cleaning body 5 are approximately equal in number.
  • the first part and the second part can also be numerically more or less different ⁇ lich chosen to tailor exhaust back pressure behavior and filter ⁇ effect on each other.
  • ⁇ it may be sufficient, only one small proportion of about 20% of the total existing flow channels 6a, 6b form closed at the end. In extreme cases, all the flow channels can be formed as open flow channels 6b.
  • a catalytic effective coating 9 is preferably provided to apply to the walls 7 of some or all of the flow channels 6a, 6b.
  • the catalytic coating 9 is provided, for example, only on the walls 7 of the flow channels 6a closed on the outlet side.
  • the catalytic coating 9 is preferably continuous on the walls 7 of the respective flow channels and is itself gas permeable.
  • the catalytic coating 9 can be in the form of a three-way catalyst coating, an oxidation-catalytically active coating, a selective SCR catalyst coating with respect to a reduction in nitrogen oxide oxide oxide oxide or in the manner of a nitrogen oxide storage catalyst coating in its usual customary manner known to those skilled in the art and expression be formed.
  • a radial stratification of different coating forms may also be advantageous, whereby a combined effect is made possible.
  • a nitrogen oxide storage catalyst coating can be applied to an SCR catalyst coating or, conversely, an SCR catalyst coating can be applied to a nitrogen oxide storage catalyst coating.
  • a partially differently formed in the axial direction sections coating is also possible. In this way, an exhaust gas purification component with combined catalytic and filter effective function is formed.
  • FIG. 3 a second preferred embodiment of the exhaust gas purification of the internal combustion engine 1 used Abgasrei ⁇ n Trents stressess 5 is shown schematically in longitudinal section.
  • the Fig. 3 illustrated embodiment differs from that of FIG. 2, characterized in that for the end gas-impermeably sealed flow channels 6a of the sealing plug is provided at the inlet side 10. Otherwise, the exhaust gas purification body 5 can be formed according to FIG. 3 analogously to the embodiment explained in connection with FIG. 2.
  • an exhaust gas cleaning body 5 compared to the conventional construction of wall-flow particle filters with mutually closed front and rear flow channels a reduced filter effect.
  • this is sufficient, especially when applied to exhaust gas having a comparatively low particle content of about 20 mg per km of travel or less and / or exhaust gases with comparatively small particles (electrical diameter of about 100 nm or smaller) to achieve significant particulate reduction ,
  • a risk of clogging is virtually absent and the exhaust gas back pressure is greatly reduced in an advantageous manner.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an exhaust-gas purification body and to an internal combustion engine having an exhaust-gas purification body. The exhaust-gas purification body (5) has a honeycomb body design with a multiplicity of slim flow ducts (6a, 6b) which run parallel to one another and in a straight line and which extend from an inlet side (10) of the exhaust-gas purification body (5) to an outlet side (11) of the exhaust-gas purification body (5), wherein directly adjacent flow ducts are separated from one another by porous, gas-permeable walls (7). According to the invention, a first proportion of the flow ducts (6a, 6b) are closed off at the inlet side (10) or at the outlet side (11) in a gas-impermeable fashion and are otherwise designed such that they can be freely traversed by flow, and a second proportion of the flow ducts (6a, 6b) are designed such that they can be freely traversed by flow continuously from the inlet side (10) to the outlet side (11). The exhaust-gas purification body (5) according to the invention can advantageously be used for particle-reducing exhaust gas purification for spark-ignition engines with direct fuel injection.

Description

Abgasreinigungskörper und Brennkraftmaschine mit Abgasreinigungskörper Exhaust gas cleaning body and internal combustion engine with exhaust gas cleaning body
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Abgasreinigungskörper in Waben- körperbauform nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie eine Brennkraftmaschine mit einer Abgasreinigungsanlage, welche einen dementsprechenden Abgasreinigungskörper aufweist.The invention relates to an exhaust gas purification body in honeycomb body design according to the preamble of claim 1 and an internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas purification system, which has a corresponding exhaust gas purification body.
Aus der DE 30 43 996 Al ist ein Abgasreinigungskörper in Wabenkörperbauform mit einer Vielzahl von zueinander parallelen, schlanken und gerade verlaufenden Strömungskanälen bekannt, die sich von einer stirnseitigen Eintrittsseite des Abgasreinigungskörpers zu einer der Eintrittsseite gegenüberliegenden stirnseitigen Austrittsseite des Abgasreinigungskörpers erstrecken. Dabei sind direkt benachbarte Strömungskanäle durch poröse, gasdurchlässige Wände voneinander getrennt. Der Abgasreinigungskörper dient als Partikelfilter zum Ausfiltern partikelförmiger Bestandteile, insbesondere von Rußpartikeln aus dem Abgas von Dieselmotoren. Zur Erzielung einer angestrebten Filterwirkung sind die Strömungskanäle wechselseitig an den einlassseitigen und an den auslassseitigen Enden gasdicht verschlossen. Auf diese Weise sind Einlasskanäle und Auslasskanäle ausgebildet. Das in einen einlassseitig offenen Einlasskanal des Partikel¬ filters einströmende Abgas wird infolge von dessen auslass- seitigem Verschluss durch die porösen Wände in einen benachbarten, auslassseitig offenen Auslasskanal gezwungen, wobei im Abgas enthaltene Partikel aus dem Abgas ausgefiltert werden . Derartige, als wall-flow- oder Wandflusspartikelfilter bezeichnete Bauformen sind als Partikelfilter neben anderen Bauformen wie Tiefenfilter oder Sintermetallfilter als Bestandteil von Abgasreinigungsanlagen von Dieselmotoren, insbesondere bei Kraftfahrzeugen inzwischen weit verbreitet. Ein Nachteil dieser Abgasreinigungsbauteile besteht in dem sich ausbildenden Abgasgegendruck.From DE 30 43 996 Al an exhaust gas cleaning body in honeycomb construction with a plurality of mutually parallel, slender and straight running flow channels is known, extending from an end face of the exhaust gas cleaning body to one of the inlet side opposite end outlet side of the exhaust gas purification body. Directly adjacent flow channels are separated from one another by porous, gas-permeable walls. The exhaust gas purification body serves as a particle filter for filtering out particulate constituents, in particular of soot particles from the exhaust gas of diesel engines. To achieve a desired filter effect, the flow channels are mutually closed gastight at the inlet side and at the outlet end. In this way, inlet channels and outlet channels are formed. The air flowing into an intake side open inlet channel of the particles ¬ filters exhaust gas is as a result of its exhaust sided closure through the porous walls into an adjacent, the outlet open exhaust port forced wherein particles contained in the exhaust gas are filtered out of the exhaust gas. Such, referred to as wall-flow or Wandflusspartikelfilter designs are now widely used as particulate filter among other types such as depth filter or sintered metal filter as part of emission control systems of diesel engines, especially in motor vehicles. A disadvantage of this exhaust gas purification components is the forming exhaust back pressure.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Abgasreinigungsbauteil mit einer partikelanzahlvermindernden Abgasreinigungswirkung anzugeben, welches ein verbessertes Abgasgegendruckverhalten aufweist. Eine weitere Aufgabe ist es, eine Brennkraftmaschine mit einer Abgasreinigungsanlage anzugeben, bei welcher eine möglichst gegendruckarme Abgasreinigung mit Partikelverminderung ermöglicht ist.The object of the invention is to provide an exhaust gas purification component with a particle number reducing exhaust gas cleaning effect, which has an improved exhaust gas backpressure behavior. Another object is to provide an internal combustion engine with an emission control system, in which a low-emission as possible low-emission cleaning with particle reduction is possible.
Bezüglich des Abgasreinigungsbauteils wird diese Aufgabe durch einen Abgasreinigungskörper mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Bezüglich der Brennkraftmaschine wird die Aufgabe durch die in Anspruch 6 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.With respect to the exhaust gas purification component, this object is achieved by an exhaust gas purification body with the features of claim 1. With respect to the internal combustion engine, the object is achieved by the features specified in claim 6.
Der erfindungsgemäße Abgasreinigungskörper ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein erster Teil der Strömungskanäle an der Eintrittsseite gasundurchlässig verschlossen und ansonsten bis zur Austrittsseite frei durchströmbar ausgebildet ist und ein zweiter Teil der Strömungskanäle von der Eintrittsseite bis zur Austrittsseite durchgehend frei durchströmbar ausgebildet ist oder dass ein erster Teil der Strömungskanäle an der Austrittsseite gasundurchlässig verschlos¬ sen und ansonsten bis zur Eintrittsseite frei durchströmbar ausgebildet ist und ein zweiter Teil der Strömungskanäle von der Eintrittsseite bis zur Austrittsseite durchgehend frei durchströmbar ausgebildet ist. Der erste Teil von an der Ein- trittseite oder an der Austrittsseite verschlossenen Strömungskanälen kann auch Null sein. Hingegen ist charakteristischerweise der zweite Teil von durchgehend frei durchströmbaren Strömungskanälen stets von Null verschieden. Dadurch resultiert im Vergleich zur herkömmlichen Bauweise mit wechselseitig vorn und hinten verschlossenen Strömungskanälen ein niedrigerer Abgasgegendruck. Der erfindungsgemäße Abgasreinigungskörper zeigt trotz des Anteils an durchgängig frei durchströmbaren Kanälen eine überraschend hohe Wirkung in Bezug auf eine Ausfilterung von Partikeln. Er ist mit Vorteil bei Brennkraftmaschinen anwendbar, welche einen im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Diesel-Brennkraftmaschinen geringeren Partikelgehalt im Abgas aufweisen. Insbesondere ist der erfindungsgemäße Abgasreinigungskörper mit Vorteil anwendbar bei Brennkraftmaschinen mit einer Partikel-Rohemission von weniger als 25 mg je km und besonders bevorzugt bei Brennkraftmaschinen mit einer Partikel-Rohemission von weniger als 10 mg je km oder weniger. Insbesondere bei einer besonders niedrigen Partikel-Rohemission von beispielsweise 5 mg je km oder weniger kann auch eine Ausführungsform vorteilhaft sein, bei welcher alle Strömungskanäle des Abgasreinigungskörpers durchgängig von der Eintrittsseite bis zur Austrittsseite frei durchströmbar ausgebildet sind. Der Querschnitt der Strömungskanäle kann dabei als regelmäßiges Dreieck, Viereck, Fünfeck, Sechseck, Siebeneck oder Achteck ausgebildet sein, wobei unterschiedliche Ausführungsformen bei ein und demselben Abgasreinigungskörper möglich sind. Bevorzugt ist ein quadratischer Querschnitt für alle Strömungskanäle. Der Abgasreinigungskörper selbst ist bevorzugt zylindrisch, mit viereckigem, insbesondere quadratischem, ovalem oder rundem Querschnitt ausgebildet.The exhaust gas purification body according to the invention is characterized in that a first part of the flow channels on the inlet side closed gas-impermeable and otherwise formed to flow freely to the outlet side and a second part of the flow channels from the inlet side to the outlet side is continuously through-flow or formed that a first part of the Flow channels on the outlet side gas-impermeable verschlos ¬ sen and otherwise formed free to flow through to the inlet side and a second part of the flow channels from the inlet side to the outlet side is designed to be continuously through-flow. The first part of at the side or closed at the outlet side flow channels can also be zero. On the other hand, characteristically, the second part of continuously freely flowable flow channels is always different from zero. This results in comparison to the conventional design with mutually closed at the front and rear flow channels a lower exhaust back pressure. The exhaust gas cleaning body according to the invention shows, despite the proportion of consistently freely flow-through channels, a surprisingly high effect in terms of filtering out of particles. It is advantageously applicable to internal combustion engines, which have a lower particle content in the exhaust gas compared to conventional diesel internal combustion engines. In particular, the exhaust gas cleaning body according to the invention is advantageously applicable to internal combustion engines with a particle untreated emissions of less than 25 mg per km and particularly preferred in internal combustion engines with a raw particle emission of less than 10 mg per km or less. In particular, with a particularly low particulate raw emission of, for example, 5 mg per km or less, an embodiment may be advantageous in which all the flow channels of the exhaust gas cleaning body are continuously formed through from the inlet side to the outlet side. The cross section of the flow channels can be formed as a regular triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon or octagon, with different embodiments are possible in one and the same emission control body. Preferred is a square cross-section for all flow channels. The exhaust gas purification body itself is preferably cylindrical, with a square, in particular square, oval or round cross section.
Bei nicht nach dem Dieselprinzip arbeitenden, fremdgezündeten Brennkraftmaschinen ist der Partikelgehalt im Abgas deutlich, typischerweise um den Faktor 10 bis 100 niedriger als bei Dieselmotoren, welche typischerweise mehr als etwa 20 mg Partikel je km emittieren. Dennoch kann auch bei diesen fremdgezündeten Brennkraftmaschinen, insbesondere bei Kraft- stoffdirekteinspritzung ein Bedarf vorhanden sein, den Partikelgehalt im Abgas zu vermindern. Speziell in diesen Fällen ist der erfindungsgemäße Abgasreinigungskörper besonders vorteilhaft anwendbar. Einerseits ist der Abgasgegendruck niedrig, andererseits ist, wie in entsprechenden Untersuchungen festgestellt wurde, die Filterwirkung ausreichend, um den Partikelgehalt im Abgas dieser Brennkraftmaschinen deutlich, beispielsweise auf weniger als 5 mg je km, 1 mg je km oder noch weniger zu vermindern. Hierbei ist eine Anwendung zur Reinigung von Abgas besonders bevorzugt, wenn die im Abgas vorhandenen Partikel überwiegend einen aerodynamischen Durchmesser oder Mobilitätsdurchmesser von weniger als 100 nm, insbesondere von weniger als 50 nm aufweisen.In the case of spark-ignited internal combustion engines which do not operate on the diesel principle, the particulate content in the exhaust gas is markedly lower, typically by a factor of 10 to 100 than at Diesel engines, which typically emit more than about 20 mg of particles per km. Nevertheless, even with these spark-ignited internal combustion engines, in particular with direct fuel injection, there may be a need to reduce the particulate content in the exhaust gas. Especially in these cases, the exhaust gas purification body according to the invention is particularly advantageous applicable. On the one hand, the exhaust back pressure is low, on the other hand, as has been found in relevant investigations, the filtering effect sufficient to significantly reduce the particulate content in the exhaust of these engines, for example, less than 5 mg per km, 1 mg per km or even less. Here, an application for the purification of exhaust gas is particularly preferred if the particles present in the exhaust gas predominantly have an aerodynamic diameter or mobility diameter of less than 100 nm, in particular less than 50 nm.
In Ausgestaltung der Erfindung beträgt die Porengröße der Wände überwiegend zwischen 1 μm und 50 μm, insbesondere überwiegend zwischen 5 μm und 20 μm. Die genannten Zahlenwerte beziehen sich dabei auf das Maximum einer typischerweise vorhandenen statistischen Häufigkeitsverteilung der Porengröße. Eine Porengröße mit einem Mittelwert zwischen 5 μm und 20 μm hat sich als besonders wirksam bei der Abgasreinigung bezüglich einer Partikelverminderung erwiesen, wenn Abgase vorliegen, welche einen Partikelgehalt von weniger als 5 mg je km und einen Partikeldurchmesser von weniger als 100 nm, insbesondere von weniger als 5o nm im Mittel aufweisen.In an embodiment of the invention, the pore size of the walls is predominantly between 1 .mu.m and 50 .mu.m, in particular predominantly between 5 .mu.m and 20 .mu.m. The numerical values mentioned here refer to the maximum of a typically existing statistical frequency distribution of the pore size. A pore size with an average of between 5 μm and 20 μm has been found to be particularly effective at reducing particulate emissions when exhaust gases are present which have a particle content of less than 5 mg per km and a particle diameter of less than 100 nm, especially less than 5o nm on average.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung beträgt die Zelldichte der Strömungskanäle des Abgasreinigungskörpers zwischen 100 cpsi und 400 cpsi und die Wandstärke zwischen 0,1 mm und 0,5 mm. Die üblicherweise verwendete Größe cpsi (cells per square-inch) für die Zelldichte ist dabei als Anzahl der durch die Strömungskanäle gebildeten Zellen je Flächeneinheit der Querschnittsfläche des Abgasreinigungskörpers zu verstehen. Dabei entsprechen 200 cpsi etwa 31 Zellen je cm2. In den genannten Wertebereichen kann einerseits eine gute mechanische Stabilität und andererseits eine hohen Wandoberfläche bei gleichzeitig zufriedenstellendem Abgasgegendruckverhalten erzielt werden. Bevorzugt für die Reinigung von Abgasen mit einem Partikelgehalt von weniger als 5 mg je km und/oder einem Partikeldurchmesser von weniger als 50 nm sind vergleichsweise hohe Zelldichten von mehr als 200 cpsi.In a further embodiment of the invention, the cell density of the flow channels of the exhaust gas purification body is between 100 cpsi and 400 cpsi and the wall thickness between 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm. The commonly used size cpsi (cells per square-inch) for the cell density is as Number of cells formed by the flow channels per unit area of the cross-sectional area of the exhaust gas purification body to understand. 200 cpsi corresponds to about 31 cells per cm 2 . On the one hand, a good mechanical stability and, on the other hand, a high wall surface can be achieved with simultaneously satisfactory exhaust gas counterpressure behavior in the aforementioned ranges of values. Preferred for the purification of exhaust gases with a particle content of less than 5 mg per km and / or a particle diameter of less than 50 nm are comparatively high cell densities of more than 200 cpsi.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weisen die Wände der Strömungskanäle eine katalytisch wirksame Beschichtung, insbesondere von der Art eines Dreiwege-Katalysators, eines Stickoxid-Speicherkatalysators, eines SCR-Katalysators oder eines Oxidationskatalysators auf. Infolge dieser besonders vorteilhaften Ausführung wird die Funktion eines Abgaskatalysators nach dem Dreiwege-, Stickoxid-Speicher-, Oxidations- oder SCR-Prinzip um die Funktion einer Partikelverminderung ergänzt bzw. erweitert. Auf diese Weise kann ein Bauteil eingespart werden und es resultieren entsprechende Kosten- und Einbauvorteile .In a further embodiment of the invention, the walls of the flow channels have a catalytically active coating, in particular of the type of a three-way catalyst, a nitrogen oxide storage catalyst, an SCR catalyst or an oxidation catalyst. As a result of this particularly advantageous embodiment, the function of an exhaust gas catalytic converter according to the three-way, nitrogen oxide storage, oxidation or SCR principle is supplemented or extended by the function of particle reduction. In this way, a component can be saved and there are corresponding cost and installation advantages.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist der Abgasreinigungskörper einen Aufbau aus einem keramischen Material, ins¬ besondere auf SiC-, Cordierit, Mullit oder Aluminiumtitanat- Basis auf. Die genannten Materialien sind insbesondere auf¬ grund ihrer Temperaturfestigkeit und ihres Wärmedehnungsver¬ haltens besonders gut für einen Einsatz in Abgasanlagen von Brennkraftmaschinen geeignet.In a further embodiment of the invention, the exhaust gas purification body has a structure made of a ceramic material, in particular ¬ on SiC, cordierite, mullite or Aluminiumtitanat- base. The materials mentioned are Wärmedehnungsver ¬ holding particularly well suited in particular ¬ due to their temperature resistance and their for use in exhaust systems of internal combustion engines.
Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft eine Brennkraftma¬ schine mit einer Abgasreinigungsanlage zur Reinigung von Abgas, das von der Brennkraftmaschine abgegeben wird, die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die Abgasreinigungsanlage einen Abgasreinigungskörper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 aufweist .Another aspect of the invention relates to a Brennkraftma ¬ machine with an exhaust gas purification system for purifying exhaust gas, which is discharged from the internal combustion engine, the characterized in that the exhaust gas purification system comprises an exhaust gas purification body according to one of claims 1 to 5.
In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform in Bezug auf den Einsatz eines Abgasreinigungskörpers der vorstehend genannten Art ist die Brennkraftmaschine als fremdgezündete Brennkraftmaschine mit Kraftstoffdirekteinspritzung ausgebildet, insbesondere als fremdgezündete Brennkraftmaschine von der Bauart eines magerbetriebsfähigen, direkteinspritzenden Otto-Motors. Direkteinspritzende fremdgezündete Brennkraftmaschinen weisen typischerweise einen höheren Partikelgehalt im Abgas auf, als dies bei nicht direkteinspritzenden Ottomotoren der Fall ist. Zwar ist der Partikelgehalt typischerweise um ein Vielfaches geringer als bei Dieselmotoren, dennoch kann ein Bedarf vorliegen, den Partikelgehalt zu vermindern. Hierbei wird erfindungsgemäß ein Abgasreinigungskörper der oben erläuterten Bauart eingesetzt. Dadurch ist bei geringem Abgasgegendruck eine deutliche Verminderung des Partikelgehalts im Abgas ermöglicht. Bei Einsatz einer katalyti- schen Beschichtung des Abgasreinigungskörpers ist zugleich eine Reinigungsfunktion in Bezug auf gasförmige Schadstoffanteile im Abgas wie Kohlenmonoxid, Kohlenwasserstoff und/oder Stickoxid ermöglicht.In a particularly advantageous embodiment with respect to the use of an exhaust gas cleaning body of the aforementioned type, the internal combustion engine is designed as a spark-ignition internal combustion engine with direct fuel injection, in particular as a spark-ignited internal combustion engine of the type of lean-burn, direct-injection gasoline engine. Direct-injection spark-ignited internal combustion engines typically have a higher particulate content in the exhaust gas than is the case with non-direct-injection gasoline engines. Although the particle content is typically many times lower than diesel engines, there may still be a need to reduce particulate content. In this case, an exhaust gas cleaning body of the type described above is used according to the invention. As a result, a significant reduction of the particle content in the exhaust gas is made possible with low exhaust back pressure. When using a catalytic coating of the exhaust gas cleaning body at the same time a cleaning function with respect to gaseous pollutant components in the exhaust gas such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and / or nitrogen oxide is possible.
Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung eines Abgasreinigungskörpers nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 zur Verminderung eines Partikelgehalts im Abgas einer Kraft¬ fahrzeug-Brennkraftmaschine, welche im überwiegenden Teil ihres Betriebsbereichs ein Abgas mit einem Partikelgehalt von weniger als 20 mg je km Fahrstrecke abgibt. Infolge der Kombination von Abgasgegendruckverhalten und Filterwirkung des Abgasreinigungskörpers der oben beschriebenen Bauart ist dessen Verwendung zur partikelvermindernden Abgasreinigung insbesondere bei Kraftfahrzeug-Brennkraftmaschinen bevorzugt, wenn deren Abgas Partikel enthält, die im Mittel einen Durchmesser von weniger als 100 nm, insbesondere von weniger als 50 nm aufweisen.Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of an exhaust gas cleaning body according to one of claims 1 to 5 for reducing a particle content in the exhaust gas of a motor ¬ vehicle internal combustion engine, which emits an exhaust gas with a particle content of less than 20 mg per km of driving distance in the majority of its operating range , As a result of the combination of exhaust backpressure behavior and filtering action of the exhaust gas purification body of the type described above, its use for particulate reducing exhaust gas purification Particularly preferred in motor vehicle internal combustion engines, when the exhaust gas contains particles having an average diameter of less than 100 nm, in particular of less than 50 nm.
Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen veranschaulicht und werden nachfolgend beschrieben. Dabei sind die vorstehend genannten und nachfolgend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Merkmalskombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and described below. In this case, the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the respectively specified combination of features, but also in other combinations or alone, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Dabei zeigen:Showing:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer Brennkraftmaschine mit angeschlossener Abgasreinigungsanlage,1 is a schematic representation of an internal combustion engine with connected emission control system,
Fig. 2 eine schematische Schnitt-Darstellung einer ersten vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Abgasreinigungskörpers undFig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a first advantageous embodiment of the exhaust gas purification body according to the invention and
Fig. 3 eine schematische Schnitt-Darstellung einer zweiten vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Abgasreinigungskörpers .Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a second advantageous embodiment of the exhaust gas purification body according to the invention.
Die schematische Darstellung von Fig. 1 zeigt eine Brennkraftmaschine 1 mit einer angeschlossenen Abgasreinigungsanlage 2. Die Brennkraftmaschine 1 ist dabei vom Typ eines direkteinspritzenden, magerbetriebsfähigen Ottomotors mit hier beispielhaft 4 Zylindern. Das Abgas der Brennkraftmaschine wird über eine Abgasleitung 3 der Abgasreinigungsanlage 2 einem Abgasreinigungsbauteil 4 zugeführt, welches einen weiter unten näher beschriebenen Abgasreinigungskörper 5 enthält. Der Übersichtlichkeit halber sind weitere Komponenten, welche zum Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine 1 und der Abgasreinigungsanlage 2 vorgesehen sind oder vorgesehen sein können, nicht eingezeichnet. Es versteht sich jedoch, dass die Abgasreinigungsanlage 2 weitere Bauteile, wie beispielsweise Sensoren und Katalysatoren aufweisen kann, welche dem Abgasreinigungsbauteil 4 vor- und/oder nachgeschaltet sind.1 shows an internal combustion engine 1 with a connected exhaust gas purification system 2. The internal combustion engine 1 is of the type of a direct-injection, lean-burnable gasoline engine with 4 cylinders exemplarily here. The exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine is supplied via an exhaust pipe 3 of the exhaust gas purification system 2 to an exhaust gas purification component 4, which contains an exhaust gas purification body 5 described in greater detail below. For the sake of clarity, further components which are or are provided for operating the internal combustion engine 1 and the exhaust gas purification system 2 are provided can not be drawn. It is understood, however, that the exhaust gas purification system 2 may comprise further components, such as sensors and catalysts, which are upstream and / or downstream of the exhaust gas purification component 4.
Die fremdgezündete direkteinspritzende Brennkraftmaschine 1 ist dabei derart ausgebildet, dass sie typischerweise ein Abgas mit einem Partikelgehalt von weniger als 20 mg je km Fahrstrecke des zugehörigen Kraftfahrzeugs abgibt. Ferner gibt die Brennkraftmaschine 1 typischerweise ein partikelhal- tiges Abgas ab, wobei die Größe der Partikel eine Häufigkeitsverteilung mit einem Maximum bei einem Durchmesser von weniger als 50 nm aufweist.The spark-ignited direct injection internal combustion engine 1 is designed such that it typically emits an exhaust gas with a particle content of less than 20 mg per km of driving distance of the associated motor vehicle. Furthermore, the internal combustion engine 1 typically emits a particulate exhaust gas, wherein the size of the particles has a frequency distribution with a maximum at a diameter of less than 50 nm.
In Fig. 2 ist eine erste bevorzugte Ausführungsform des zur Abgasreinigung der Brennkraftmaschine 1 verwendeten Abgasreinigungskörpers 5 schematisch im Längsschnitt dargestellt. Der Abgasreinigungskörper 5 weist von einer stirnseitigen Eintrittsseite 10 sich zu einer gegenüberliegenden stirnseitigen Austrittseite 11 sich erstreckende schlanke und gerade verlaufende Strömungskanäle 6a, βb auf. Dabei sind der Übersichtlichkeit halber nur einige einer Vielzahl von Strömungskanälen 6a, 6b dargestellt. Die Strömungskanäle 6a, 6b verlaufen parallel zueinander, wobei benachbarte Strömungskanäle durch poröse, gasdurchlässige Wände 7 voneinander getrennt sind. Die Dicke der Wände 7 liegt bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,2 mm und 0,4 mm. Die Porosität liegt bevorzugt zwischen 30 % und 70 %, wobei eine mittlere Porengröße zwischen 1 μm und 50 μm bevorzugt ist. Die Wände 7 sind vorzugsweise durch¬ gehend gleichartig porös ausgebildet.2, a first preferred embodiment of the exhaust gas purification body 5 used for exhaust gas purification of the internal combustion engine 1 is shown schematically in longitudinal section. The exhaust gas purification body 5 has from an end-side inlet side 10 to an opposite end-side outlet side 11 extending slender and straight flow channels 6a, βb. For the sake of clarity, only a few of a plurality of flow channels 6a, 6b are shown. The flow channels 6a, 6b extend parallel to one another, with adjacent flow channels being separated from one another by porous, gas-permeable walls 7. The thickness of the walls 7 is preferably in the range of 0.2 mm and 0.4 mm. The porosity is preferably between 30% and 70%, with a mean pore size between 1 .mu.m and 50 .mu.m being preferred. The walls 7 are preferably formed similarly porous by ¬ going.
Die Strömungskanäle 6a, 6b weisen einen über ihre Länge gleichbleibenden quadratischen Querschnitt auf, wobei andere Querschnittsformen ebenfalls möglich sind. In einer nicht dargestellten Draufsicht auf die Eintrittsseite 10 oder die Austrittsseite 11 ergibt sich dabei ein Bild von Zellen, wobei die Zelldichte bevorzugt zwischen 100 cpsi und 400 cpsi liegt. Besonders bevorzugt ist eine Zelldichte von ca. 200 cpsi entsprechend etwa 31 Zellen je cm2.The flow channels 6a, 6b have a square cross-section which remains constant over their length, wherein other cross-sectional shapes are likewise possible. In one not shown top view of the inlet side 10 or the exit side 11 results in an image of cells, the cell density is preferably between 100 cpsi and 400 cpsi. Particularly preferred is a cell density of about 200 cpsi corresponding to about 31 cells per cm 2 .
Der Abgasreinigungskörper 5 weist eine zylindrische Form mit einem vorzugsweise über die Länge gleichbleibenden quadratischen Querschnitt auf, wobei andere Querschnittsformen natürlich möglich sind. Weiterhin kann der Abgasreinigungskörper 5 auch aus einer Mehrzahl von in Reihen und Spalten angeordneten gleichartigen Segmenten entsprechend der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Form aufgebaut sein, wobei die Segmente aneinander anliegen und vorzugsweise mit einem keramischen Kleber verbunden sind.The exhaust gas purification body 5 has a cylindrical shape with a preferably constant over the length square cross-section, other cross-sectional shapes are of course possible. Furthermore, the exhaust gas purification body 5 can also be constructed of a plurality of similar segments arranged in rows and columns according to the form shown in Fig. 2, wherein the segments abut each other and are preferably connected to a ceramic adhesive.
Erfindungsgemäß ist ein erster Teil der Strömungskanäle 6a, βb an der stirnseitigen Austrittsseite 11 mit einem gasundurchlässigen Verschlussstopfen 8 versehen. Abgesehen vom Verschlussstopfen 8 sind sie über ihren sonstigen axialen Verlauf gesehen frei durchströmbar ausgebildet und somit an der Eintrittsseite 10 offen. Hingegen ist der verbleibende zweite Teil der Strömungskanäle βa, 6b gänzlich frei von Verschlussmitteln und von der Eintrittsseite 10 bis zur Austrittseite 11 durchgängig frei durchströmbar ausgebildet.According to the invention, a first part of the flow channels 6a, 6b is provided with a gas-impermeable sealing plug 8 on the front-side outlet side 11. Apart from the plug 8 they are seen through their other axial course formed freely flowed through and thus open at the inlet side 10. On the other hand, the remaining second part of the flow channels βa, 6b is completely free of closure means and can be freely flowed through from the inlet side 10 to the outlet side 11.
Vorzugsweise ist der erste Teil der endseitig verschlossenen Strömungskanäle 6a und der zweite Teil der durchgehend offenen Strömungskanäle 6b des Abgasreinigungskörpers 5 zahlenmäßig etwa gleich. Der erste Teil und der zweite Teil können jedoch auch zahlenmäßig mehr oder weniger unterschied¬ lich gewählt werden, um Abgasgegendruckverhalten und Filter¬ wirkung aufeinander abzustimmen. Zur Erzielung einer ange¬ strebten Filterwirkung kann es ausreichend sein, nur einen geringen Anteil von etwa 20 % der insgesamt vorhandenen Strömungskanäle 6a, 6b endseitig verschlossen auszubilden. Im Extremfall können auch alle Strömungskanäle als offene Strömungskanäle 6b ausgebildet sein.Preferably, the first part of the closed end flow channels 6a and the second part of the continuously open flow channels 6b of the exhaust gas cleaning body 5 are approximately equal in number. However, the first part and the second part can also be numerically more or less different ¬ lich chosen to tailor exhaust back pressure behavior and filter ¬ effect on each other. To achieve a desired filtering effect is ¬ it may be sufficient, only one small proportion of about 20% of the total existing flow channels 6a, 6b form closed at the end. In extreme cases, all the flow channels can be formed as open flow channels 6b.
Es ist vorzugsweise vorgesehen, eine katalytische wirksame Beschichtung 9 auf die Wände 7 einiger oder aller Strömungskanäle 6a, 6b aufzubringen. In dem in Fig. 2 dargestellten Fall ist die katalytische Beschichtung 9 beispielhaft lediglich auf den Wänden 7 der austrittsseitig verschlossenen Strömungskanälen 6a vorgesehen. Die katalytische Beschichtung 9 ist vorzugsweise durchgehend auf den Wänden 7 der entsprechenden Strömungskanäle vorhanden und selbst gasdurchlässig. Die katalytische Beschichtung 9 kann in der Art einer Drei- wege-Katalysatorbeschichtung, einer oxidationskatalytisch wirksamen Beschichtung, einer in Bezug auf eine Stickoxidverminderung selektiv wirksamen SCR-Katalysatorbeschichtung oder in der Art einer Stickoxid-Speicherkatalysatorbeschich- tung in ihrer dem Fachmann geläufigen, jeweiligen üblichen Bedeutung und Ausprägung ausgebildet sein. Dabei kann auch eine radiale Schichtung von unterschiedlichen Beschichtungs- formen vorteilhaft sein, wodurch eine kombinierte Wirkung ermöglicht ist. Beispielsweise kann eine Stickoxid-Speicher- katalysatorbeschichtung auf einer SCR-Katalysatorbeschichtung oder umgekehrt eine SCR-Katalysatorbeschichtung auf einer Stickoxid-Speicherkatalysatorbeschichtung aufgebracht sein. Ebenfalls möglich ist eine in axialer Richtung abschnittsweise unterschiedlich ausgebildete Beschichtung. Auf diese Weise wird ein Abgasreinigungsbauteil mit kombinierter katalytischer und filterwirksamer Funktion gebildet.It is preferably provided to apply a catalytic effective coating 9 to the walls 7 of some or all of the flow channels 6a, 6b. In the case illustrated in FIG. 2, the catalytic coating 9 is provided, for example, only on the walls 7 of the flow channels 6a closed on the outlet side. The catalytic coating 9 is preferably continuous on the walls 7 of the respective flow channels and is itself gas permeable. The catalytic coating 9 can be in the form of a three-way catalyst coating, an oxidation-catalytically active coating, a selective SCR catalyst coating with respect to a reduction in nitrogen oxide oxide oxide oxide or in the manner of a nitrogen oxide storage catalyst coating in its usual customary manner known to those skilled in the art and expression be formed. In this case, a radial stratification of different coating forms may also be advantageous, whereby a combined effect is made possible. For example, a nitrogen oxide storage catalyst coating can be applied to an SCR catalyst coating or, conversely, an SCR catalyst coating can be applied to a nitrogen oxide storage catalyst coating. Also possible is a partially differently formed in the axial direction sections coating. In this way, an exhaust gas purification component with combined catalytic and filter effective function is formed.
In Fig. 3 ist eine zweite bevorzugte Ausführungsform des zur Abgasreinigung der Brennkraftmaschine 1 verwendeten Abgasrei¬ nigungskörpers 5 schematisch im Längsschnitt dargestellt. Die Fig. 3 dargestellte Ausführungsform unterscheidet sich von derjenigen der Fig. 2 dadurch, dass für die endseitig gasundurchlässig verschlossenen Strömungskanäle 6a der Verschlussstopfen an der Eintrittsseite 10 vorgesehen ist. Ansonsten kann der Abgasreinigungskörper 5 gemäß Fig. 3 analog zu der im Zusammenhang mit Fig. 2 erläuterten Ausführung ausgebildet sein.In Fig. 3, a second preferred embodiment of the exhaust gas purification of the internal combustion engine 1 used Abgasrei ¬ nigungskörpers 5 is shown schematically in longitudinal section. The Fig. 3 illustrated embodiment differs from that of FIG. 2, characterized in that for the end gas-impermeably sealed flow channels 6a of the sealing plug is provided at the inlet side 10. Otherwise, the exhaust gas purification body 5 can be formed according to FIG. 3 analogously to the embodiment explained in connection with FIG. 2.
Als erfindungsgemäß sind auch Mischformen der in Fig. 2 und Fig. 3 dargestellten Ausführungsformen anzusehen. Dabei ist erfindungsgemäß jedoch in jedem Fall ein von Null verschiedener Anteil der insgesamt vorhandenen Strömungskanäle eines Abgasreinigungskörpers 5 als durchgängig frei durchströmbare Strömungskanäle 6b ausgebildet.Mixed forms of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 are also to be considered as being in accordance with the invention. However, according to the invention, in each case a non-zero fraction of the total existing flow channels of an exhaust gas purification body 5 is formed as flow channels 6 b which are continuously freely flow-through.
Naturgemäß ergibt sich bei den erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsformen eines Abgasreinigungskörpers 5 im Vergleich zur herkömmlichen Bauweise von wall-flow-Partikelfiltern mit wechselseitig vorn und hinten verschlossenen Strömungskanälen eine verminderte Filterwirkung. Diese ist jedoch speziell bei einer Anwendung auf Abgas mit einem vergleichsweise niedrigen Partikelgehalt von etwa 20 mg je km Fahrstrecke oder weniger und/oder bei Abgasen mit vergleichsweise kleinen Partikeln (elektrischer Durchmesser von etwa 100 nm oder kleiner) ausreichend, um eine signifikante Partikelverminderung zu erzielen. Dabei ist gleichzeitig eine Verstopfungsgefahr praktisch nicht vorhanden und der Abgasgegendruck in vorteilhafter Weise stark vermindert. Naturally, in the embodiments according to the invention of an exhaust gas cleaning body 5, compared to the conventional construction of wall-flow particle filters with mutually closed front and rear flow channels a reduced filter effect. However, this is sufficient, especially when applied to exhaust gas having a comparatively low particle content of about 20 mg per km of travel or less and / or exhaust gases with comparatively small particles (electrical diameter of about 100 nm or smaller) to achieve significant particulate reduction , At the same time a risk of clogging is virtually absent and the exhaust gas back pressure is greatly reduced in an advantageous manner.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Abgasreinigungskörper in Wabenkörperbauform mit einer Vielzahl von zueinander parallelen, schlanken und gerade verlaufenden Strömungskanälen (6a, 6b), die sich von einer stirnseitigen Eintrittsseite (10) des Abgasreinigungskörpers (5) zu einer der Eintrittsseite (10) gegenüberliegenden stirnseitigen Austrittsseite (11) des Abgasreinigungskörpers (5) erstrecken, wobei direkt benachbarte Strömungskanäle durch poröse, gasdurchlässige Wände (7) voneinander getrennt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein erster Teil der Strömungskanäle (6a, 6b) an der Eintrittsseite (10) gasundurchlässig verschlossen und ansonsten bis zur Austrittsseite (11) frei durchströmbar ausgebildet ist und ein zweiter Teil der Strömungskanäle (6a, 6b) von der Eintrittsseite (10) bis zur Austrittsseite (11) durchgehend frei durchströmbar ausgebildet ist oder ein erster Teil der Strömungskanäle (6a, 6b) an der Austrittsseite (11) gasundurchlässig verschlossen und ansonsten bis zur Eintrittsseite (10) frei durchströmbar ausgebildet ist und ein zweiter Teil der Strömungs¬ kanäle (6a, 6b) von der Eintrittsseite (10) bis zur Austrittsseite (11) durchgehend frei durchströmbar ausgebildet ist. 1. exhaust gas purification body in honeycomb construction with a plurality of mutually parallel, slender and straight running flow channels (6a, 6b) extending from an end-side inlet side (10) of the exhaust gas cleaning body (5) to one of the inlet side (10) opposite end-side outlet side (11) the exhaust gas cleaning body (5) extend, wherein directly adjacent flow channels through porous, gas-permeable walls (7) are separated from each other, characterized in that a first part of the flow channels (6a, 6b) on the inlet side (10) closed gas-impermeable and otherwise to the outlet side (11) is formed freely permeable and a second part of the flow channels (6a, 6b) from the inlet side (10) to the outlet side (11) is continuously through-flow or a first part of the flow channels (6a, 6b) on the outlet side ( 11) gas-impermeable and otherwise to the entrance side e (10) is formed freely permeable and a second part of the flow ¬ channels (6a, 6b) from the inlet side (10) to the outlet side (11) is formed continuously through-flow freely.
2. Abgasreinigungskörper nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Porengröße der Wände (7) überwiegend zwischen 1 μm und 50 μm, insbesondere überwiegend zwischen 5 μm und 20 μm beträgt .2. Exhaust gas purification body according to claim 1, characterized in that the pore size of the walls (7) predominantly between 1 .mu.m and 50 .mu.m, in particular predominantly between 5 .mu.m and 20 .mu.m.
3. Abgasreinigungskörper nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zelldichte der Strömungskanäle (6a, 6b) zwischen 100 cpsi und 400 cpsi und die Wandstärke zwischen 0,1 mm und 0, 5 mm beträgt .3. exhaust gas purification body according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cell density of the flow channels (6a, 6b) between 100 cpsi and 400 cpsi and the wall thickness between 0.1 mm and 0, 5 mm.
4. Abgasreinigungskörper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wände (7) der Strömungskanäle (6a; 6b) eine kataly- tisch wirksame Beschichtung (9), insbesondere von der Art eines Dreiwege-Katalysators, eines Stickoxid-Speicherkatalysators, eines SCR-Katalysators oder eines Oxidations- katalysators aufweisen.4. exhaust gas purification body according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the walls (7) of the flow channels (6a, 6b) a catalytically effective coating (9), in particular of the type of a three-way catalyst, a nitrogen oxide storage catalyst , an SCR catalyst or an oxidation catalyst.
5. Abgasreinigungskörper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, gekennzeichnet durch einen Aufbau aus einem keramischen Material, insbesondere auf SiC-, Cordierit, Mullit oder Aluminiumtitanat-Basis .5. Exhaust gas cleaning body according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by a construction of a ceramic material, in particular on SiC, cordierite, mullite or aluminum titanate base.
6. Brennkraftmaschine (1) mit einer Abgasreinigungsanlage (2) zur Reinigung von Abgas, das von der Brennkraftmaschine (1) abgegeben wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abgasreinigungsanlage (2) einen Abgasreinigungskörper6. Internal combustion engine (1) with an exhaust gas purification system (2) for the purification of exhaust gas, which is discharged from the internal combustion engine (1), characterized in that the emission control system (2) an exhaust gas purification body
(5) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 aufweist. (5) according to one of claims 1 to 5.
7. Brennkraftmaschine (1) nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Brennkraftmaschine (1) als fremdgezündete Brennkraftmaschine mit Kraftstoffdirekteinspritzung ausgebildet ist.7. Internal combustion engine (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the internal combustion engine (1) is designed as a spark-ignited internal combustion engine with direct fuel injection.
8. Verwendung eines Abgasreinigungskörpers (5) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 zur Verminderung eines Partikelgehalts im Abgas einer Kraftfahrzeug-Brennkraftmaschine (1), welche im überwiegenden Teil ihres Betriebsbereichs ein Abgas mit einem Partikelgehalt von weniger als 20 mg je km Fahrstrecke abgibt. 8. Use of an exhaust gas cleaning body (5) according to one of claims 1 to 5 for reducing a particle content in the exhaust gas of a motor vehicle internal combustion engine (1), which emits an exhaust gas with a particle content of less than 20 mg per km of driving distance in the majority of its operating range.
PCT/EP2009/001696 2008-04-19 2009-03-10 Exhaust-gas purification body, and internal combustion engine having exhaust-gas purification body WO2009127298A1 (en)

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