WO2017211143A1 - 超硬材料制品用添加剂原料组合物，添加剂及其制备方法，复合结合剂及超硬材料制品，自锐性金刚石砂轮及其制备方法 - Google Patents

超硬材料制品用添加剂原料组合物，添加剂及其制备方法，复合结合剂及超硬材料制品，自锐性金刚石砂轮及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017211143A1
WO2017211143A1 PCT/CN2017/082264 CN2017082264W WO2017211143A1 WO 2017211143 A1 WO2017211143 A1 WO 2017211143A1 CN 2017082264 W CN2017082264 W CN 2017082264W WO 2017211143 A1 WO2017211143 A1 WO 2017211143A1
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Prior art keywords
additive
grinding wheel
abrasive
self
diamond
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PCT/CN2017/082264
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
闫宁
韩欣
牛俊凯
邢波
Original Assignee
郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201610395467.XA external-priority patent/CN106041759B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201610395488.1A external-priority patent/CN106041760B/zh
Application filed by 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 filed Critical 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司
Priority to US15/561,143 priority Critical patent/US10391612B2/en
Publication of WO2017211143A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017211143A1/zh
Priority to US16/520,778 priority patent/US11179828B2/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
    • B24D18/0009—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for using moulds or presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
    • B24D3/06—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic metallic or mixture of metals with ceramic materials, e.g. hard metals, "cermets", cements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
    • B24D3/342—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
    • B24D3/346—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties utilised during polishing, or grinding operation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D5/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D5/06—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D7/06—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/25—Diamond
    • C01B32/28—After-treatment, e.g. purification, irradiation, separation or recovery
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
    • C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B35/00—Boron; Compounds thereof
    • C01B35/08—Compounds containing boron and nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C01B35/10—Compounds containing boron and oxygen
    • C01B35/1027—Oxides
    • C01B35/1036—Boric anhydride
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D7/00—Carbonates of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F11/00—Compounds of calcium, strontium, or barium
    • C01F11/20—Halides
    • C01F11/22—Fluorides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G29/00—Compounds of bismuth
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G39/00—Compounds of molybdenum
    • C01G39/06—Sulfides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G9/00—Compounds of zinc
    • C01G9/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/30—Three-dimensional structures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/30—Particle morphology extending in three dimensions
    • C01P2004/45—Aggregated particles or particles with an intergrown morphology

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of super-hard material products, in particular to an additive raw material composition for super-hard material products, and also relates to an additive for super-hard material products prepared by using the additive raw material composition and a preparation method thereof.
  • the invention relates to a composite bonding agent containing the additive, a grinding wheel using the same, and a preparation method thereof, in particular to an additive raw material composition for super hard material products, an additive and a preparation method thereof, a composite bonding agent and a super hard material product, Sharp diamond grinding wheel and preparation method thereof.
  • Superhard materials mainly refer to diamond and cubic boron nitride, and their hardness is much higher than the hardness of other materials.
  • Superhard materials and products are emerging industries supported by the state. The “12th Five-Year” national strategic emerging industry development plan points out that it is necessary to vigorously develop new functional materials and actively develop high-purity graphite, artificial crystals, super-hard materials and products.
  • Superhard material products mainly include metal bond super hard material products, ceramic bond super hard material products, resin bond super hard material products and electroplated metal bond super hard material products according to different types of bonding materials.
  • Metal bond super hard material products are one of the most important types of super-hard material products, and have the advantages of strong abrasive holding power, high strength, good wear resistance, good shape retention of the working surface and long service life. It is applied to the cutting, grinding and profile grinding of inorganic non-metallic hard and brittle materials such as stone, glass, ceramic and artificial crystal.
  • metal bond diamond products have problems such as poor self-sharpness, easy clogging, and low grinding efficiency, which limits their application and development.
  • a metal bond superabrasive grinding wheel capable of online electrolysis is produced by cold pressing sintering.
  • the superabrasive grinding wheel adopts one or two kinds of graphite or triiron tetroxide as non-metal additives, and is viscous. The cooperation is small, the strength is small, and the strength difference with the metal bond is large, which is not conducive to maintaining the strength of the abrasive layer and the holding power of the abrasive.
  • the self-sharpness of the grinding wheel means that the grinding force of the grinding wheel is blunt, and the grinding force is also increased, causing the abrasive grain to break or fall off, and the sharp edge is re-exposed.
  • the abrasive grains of the grinding wheel are gradually rounded and become dull under the action of friction and extrusion, and the grinding debris is often caulking on the surface of the grinding wheel, causing the surface of the grinding wheel to be blocked, and finally the grinding wheel is lost. Grinding ability. At this time, a slip phenomenon occurs between the grinding wheel and the workpiece, and vibration and noise may be caused, the grinding efficiency is lowered, and the surface roughness is deteriorated.
  • the dresser must be trimmed with a dresser.
  • the dressing of the grinding wheel generally takes tens of minutes or even hours, which seriously affects the production cycle and reduces the production efficiency; the dresser is expensive and costly; in high-precision grinding, the machine tool needs to be equipped with an online dressing device, which is also greatly Improve the design difficulty and manufacturing cost of the machine tool.
  • the composite bond grinding wheel is made of ceramic powder and bronze powder as a composite binder, but the ceramic powder has high refractoriness and needs to be smelted at 1700 ° C, and is higher than the sintering temperature of the grinding wheel, and is not easily dispersed evenly during the sintering process. , the grinding wheel grinding efficiency and service life are limited.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide an additive raw material composition for a super-hard material product, which has a small difference in strength between the additive and the metal bond, low refractoriness, and can significantly improve the grinding efficiency of the metal bond superhard material product. And service life.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide an additive for a superhard material product prepared by using the above additive raw material composition, a preparation method thereof, a composite bonding agent containing the additive, and a superhard material product using the composite bonding agent. .
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a self-sharp diamond grinding wheel and a method of preparing the same.
  • An additive raw material composition for superhard material products consisting of the following mass percentage components:
  • Bi 2 O 3 25% to 40% B 2 O 3 25% to 40%, ZnO 5% to 25%, SiO 2 2% to 10%, Al 2 O 3 2% to 10%, Na 2 CO 3 1 % to 5%, Li 2 CO 3 1% to 5%, MgCO 3 0% to 5%, and CaF 2 1% to 5%.
  • An additive for superhard materials made from the following mass percentages of raw materials:
  • Bi 2 O 3 25% to 40% B 2 O 3 25% to 40%, ZnO 5% to 25%, SiO 2 2% to 10%, Al 2 O 3 2% to 10%, Na 2 CO 3 1 % to 5%, Li 2 CO 3 1% to 5%, MgCO 3 0% to 5%, and CaF 2 1% to 5%.
  • the additive has a particle size D90 ⁇ 200 nm.
  • the preparation method of the above additive comprises the following steps:
  • step 2) The mixture obtained in the step 1) is cooled to 850-950 ° C, mixed with a formula amount of CaF 2 , and kept for 1 to 2 hours to obtain a sintered product;
  • the composite binder consists of a metal binder and the above additives.
  • the additive is not more than 30% by mass in the composite binder.
  • the additive is present in the composite binder in an amount of from 1.1% to 30% by mass.
  • the quality of the additive is 1% to 10% of the total mass of the grinding wheel material.
  • the grinding wheel material includes a composite binder and an abrasive.
  • the self-sharpening diamond grinding wheel comprises an abrasive block, and the raw material of the abrasive block comprises a metal bond, MoS 2 , SG abrasive, diamond and the above additive; the mass percentage of the above additive in the raw material of the abrasive block is 1% to 10%.
  • the above preparation method of the self-sharp diamond grinding wheel comprises the following steps:
  • step b) pressing the mixture obtained in step a) in a mold to obtain a blank;
  • step b) The blank obtained in step b) is placed in a mold, heated to 580-620 ° C and held for 4-10 min for sintering, and then quenched to obtain the abrasive block.
  • the method for preparing the self-sharpening diamond grinding wheel further comprises bonding the obtained abrasive block to the grinding wheel base body, that is, from the sharp diamond grinding wheel.
  • the additive raw material composition for superhard material products of the present invention is made of Bi 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , ZnO, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , Li 2 CO 3 , MgCO 3 and CaF 2
  • the components are coordinated and cooperated; the additive prepared by using the raw material composition has a microcrystalline structure, the strength is greater than 200 MPa, and the difference in strength from the metal bond is small, and the metal bond super is not greatly reduced.
  • the strength of the hard material product; the refractoriness of the additive is lower than 500 ° C, which is much lower than the sintering temperature of the metal bond superhard material product; the additive of the metal bond superhard material is in a molten state during sintering, and the skeleton particles are sintered after sintering
  • the distribution is radial; the particle size of the additive reaches submicron level, uniform dispersion in the product, fine structure, less impact on the overall strength of the product, and can significantly improve the grinding efficiency and service life of the metal bond superhard material.
  • the method for preparing an additive for a superhard material product of the present invention is a method in which Bi 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , ZnO, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , Li 2 CO 3 , MgCO 3 are mixed and smelted. After cooling, CaF 2 is added to be quenched and pulverized by heat preservation; the obtained additive has a microcrystalline structure, high strength, low refractoriness and small particle size; the preparation method is simple in process, convenient in operation, and suitable for large-scale industrial production.
  • the additive has a uniform submicron dispersion radiation distribution in the composite binder, and the additive and the metal binder are compounded into a composite binder, and the superhard material product using the composite binder has less influence on the strength of the metal binder. It improves the sharpness and service life of the product and improves the grinding performance of the product.
  • the raw material of the abrasive block comprises a metal bond, a MoS 2 powder, an SG abrasive, a diamond and an additive, the additive being composed of a certain amount of Bi 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , ZnO, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , Li 2 CO 3 , MgCO 3 and CaF 2 ; the additive has a microcrystalline structure, the strength is greater than 200 MPa, and the difference in strength from the metal bond is small; the additive is fire resistant The degree is lower than 500 ° C, far lower than the sintering temperature of the metal bond superhard material product, and is in a molten state during sintering. After sintering, it is radially distributed among the skeleton particles, and the dispersion is uniform and the structure is fine.
  • the linear expansion coefficient of the additive used is well matched with the diamond, and the uniform submicron diffusion radiation distribution in the grinding wheel has little influence on the overall strength of the grinding wheel, and the metal bond diamond can be significantly improved.
  • SG abrasive plays a role in grinding wheel and auxiliary grinding The cutting action avoids the blockage of the grinding wheel, and at the same time improves the shape retention of the diamond grinding wheel and avoids the loss of the shape accuracy of the grinding wheel.
  • the self-sharp diamond grinding wheel of the invention adopts a metal bonding agent, an SG abrasive, a diamond and the above additives as raw materials, and has high self-sharpness, high strength, high processing efficiency, fine structure, and uniform consumption of the grinding wheel during the grinding process. It is free from dressing during the whole life cycle, and always maintains good grinding force during the grinding process. It fundamentally solves the problem of long dressing time and high dressing cost of diamond grinding wheel, and has good economic benefits.
  • the self-sharp diamond grinding wheel of the present invention uses a certain amount of Cu, Sn powder, Co powder, Al powder, Fe powder, Cr powder, Ti powder to form a metal binder; in the metal binder, Al powder has high activity and is easily oxidized. It can preferentially react with oxygen in the air during the sintering process, thereby avoiding oxidation of other metal powders and diamonds, so that the sintering process can be carried out in an air atmosphere, which greatly reduces the cost; Cr powder and Ti powder can form carbides with the abrasive to improve the bonding strength of the bond-plated diamond.
  • the self-sharpening diamond grinding wheel of the invention is prepared by mixing the raw materials and then pressing into a billet and then sintering; after the hot pressing sintering, the mold is quickly placed in water and quenched to prevent the crystal grains from being excessively long. Large, the resulting grinding wheel is finely organized, thereby obtaining a diamond grinding wheel with high strength and high self-sharpness, and the obtained grinding wheel is uniformly consumed during the grinding process.
  • the preparation method has the advantages of simple process, convenient operation, low sintering temperature, low cost and easy automatic control, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
  • Example 1 is a particle size distribution diagram of an additive for a super-hard material product obtained in Example 1;
  • Example 2 is a schematic view showing the distribution of the additive obtained in Example 1 in a composite binder
  • An additive raw material composition for superhard material products consisting of the following mass percentage components:
  • Bi2O3 25% to 40% B2O3 25% to 40%, ZnO 5% to 25%, SiO2 2% to 10%, Al2O3 2% to 10%, Na2CO3 1% to 5%, Li2CO3 1% to 5%, MgCO3 0% to 5%, CaF2 1% to 5%.
  • An additive for superhard materials made from the following mass percentages of raw materials:
  • Bi2O3 25% to 40% B2O3 25% to 40%, ZnO 5% to 25%, SiO2 2% to 10%, Al2O3 2% to 10%, Na2CO3 1% to 5%, Li2CO3 1% to 5%, MgCO3 0% to 5%, CaF2 1% to 5%.
  • the additive has a particle size D90 ⁇ 200 nm.
  • the preparation method of the above additive comprises the following steps:
  • step 2) The mixture obtained in the step 1) is cooled to 850-950 ° C, mixed with a formula amount of CaF2, and kept for 1 to 2 hours to obtain a sintered product;
  • the rate of temperature rise is 8 to 12 ° C / min.
  • the mixed raw materials were placed in a quartz crucible and placed in a high temperature electric resistance furnace for heating.
  • step 2) the rate of cooling is 4-6 ° C/min.
  • the water is preferably room temperature water.
  • the pulverization means that the obtained bulk material is mixed with ethanol for ball milling.
  • the bulk material is ball-milled together with ethanol in a ball mill jar and ball milled on a high energy ball mill; ball milled to a particle size of the resulting powder D90 ⁇ 200 nm; alternatively, the ball milling time is 40-60 h.
  • the volume ratio of material to ethanol is 1:3.
  • the composite binder consists of a metal binder and the above additives.
  • the additive is not more than 30% by mass in the composite binder.
  • the additive is present in the composite binder in an amount of from 1.1% to 30% by mass.
  • the metal bond is a bronze bond or a Co-based bond.
  • a superhard material product using the above composite binder; the superhard material product is a grinding wheel.
  • the quality of the additive is 1% to 10% of the total mass of the grinding wheel material.
  • the grinding wheel material includes a composite binder and an abrasive.
  • the abrasive is a diamond abrasive.
  • the self-sharpening diamond grinding wheel comprises an abrasive block, wherein the raw material of the abrasive block comprises a metal bond, MoS2, SG abrasive, diamond and the above additive; the above additive has a mass percentage of the raw material of the abrasive block is 1 % ⁇ 10%.
  • the above preparation method of the self-sharp diamond grinding wheel comprises the following steps:
  • step b) pressing the mixture obtained in step a) in a mold to obtain a blank;
  • step b) The blank obtained in step b) is placed in a mold, heated to 580-620 ° C and held for 4-10 min for sintering, and then quenched to obtain the abrasive block.
  • the mixing is to place the raw materials in a three-dimensional mixer for mixing; the mixing time is 2 to 4 hours.
  • the pressing pressure is 150 to 200 MPa.
  • the mold used for pressing is preferably a steel mold; the apparatus used for pressing is preferably a hydraulic press.
  • the temperature rise refers to first raising the temperature to 350-450 ° C at a heating rate of 100 ° C / min and maintaining the temperature for 1 to 3 minutes, and then raising the temperature to 580-620 ° C at a heating rate of 50 ° C / min. .
  • the effect of raising the temperature to 350 to 450 ° C and maintaining the temperature is to cause the low melting point Sn to be completely melted for the alloying reaction.
  • the mold used for sintering is preferably a graphite mold; the apparatus used for sintering is preferably a hot press sintering machine.
  • the sintering process can be carried out under an air atmosphere. After the temperature is maintained at 580 to 620 ° C, the mold is placed in water and quenched.
  • the water is preferably room temperature water.
  • the method for preparing the self-sharpening diamond grinding wheel further comprises bonding the obtained abrasive block to the grinding wheel base body, that is, from the sharp diamond grinding wheel.
  • the raw materials used in the raw material composition are all analytically pure.
  • the additive for a superhard material product of the present embodiment is made of the above raw material composition, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
  • step 2) The mixture obtained in the step 1) is cooled to 850 ° C at a rate of 5 ° C / min, a formula amount of CaF 2 is added and stirred and mixed for 2 h to obtain a sintered product;
  • step 3 Pour the sinter obtained in step 2) into cold water and quench it to obtain a bulk material; according to the ratio of material to ethanol: 1:3, the obtained bulk material together with ethanol is placed in a ball mill tank on a high-energy ball mill. After ball milling for 60 h, a powder having a particle size of D90 ⁇ 200 nm (particle size detection of the powder by a laser particle size analyzer, particle size distribution as shown in Fig. 1) was obtained, which was the additive.
  • the composite binder of this embodiment consists of a metal binder and the above additives.
  • the mass percentage of the additive in the composite binder is 10%.
  • the metal binder is a bronze binder composed of the following mass percentage components: Cu powder 71%, Sn powder 21%, Co powder 7%, and Ni powder 1%.
  • the grinding wheel of the present embodiment is obtained by mixing the above-mentioned composite bonding agent with a diamond abrasive, and then pressing it into a billet at 150 MPa, and then filling it into a corresponding mold and sintering it at 580 ° C.
  • the mass of the additive is 8% of the total mass of the grinding wheel material (composite binder and diamond abrasive).
  • Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of the distribution of additives in a composite binder. It can be seen from Fig. 2 that the additive has a uniform submicron dispersion radiation distribution in the composite binder, and the distribution of the additive in the superhard material product is also uniform. Among them, the skeleton material refers to a refractory component in the metal binder and is a part of the composite binder.
  • Example 1 The grinding wheel obtained in Example 1 was used for grinding of cemented carbide, and the grinding effect thereof is shown in Table 1. Among them, Comparative Example 1 is a bronze bond diamond grinding wheel, which does not contain an additive, and the rest is the same as in Example 1.
  • the additive for a superhard material product of the present embodiment is made of the above raw material composition, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
  • step 2) The mixture obtained in the step 1) is cooled to 850 ° C at a rate of 5 ° C / min, a formula amount of CaF 2 is added and stirred and mixed for 2 h to obtain a sintered product;
  • step 3 Pour the sinter obtained in step 2) into cold water and quench it to obtain a bulk material; according to the ratio of material to ethanol: 1:3, the obtained bulk material together with ethanol is placed in a ball mill tank on a high-energy ball mill. After ball milling for 50 h, a powder having a particle size of D90 ⁇ 200 nm (particle size detection of the powder by a laser particle size analyzer) was obtained, which was the additive.
  • the composite binder of this embodiment consists of a metal binder and the above additives.
  • the mass percentage of the additive in the composite binder was 3.8%.
  • the metal binder is a Co-based binder composed of the following mass percentage components: Co 64%, Cu 21%, Sn 10%, WC 5%.
  • the grinding wheel of the present embodiment is obtained by mixing the above-mentioned composite bonding agent with a diamond abrasive, pressing it into a billet at 200 MPa, and then filling it into a corresponding mold and sintering it at 620 ° C.
  • the mass of the additive is 3% of the total mass of the grinding wheel material (composite binder and diamond abrasive).
  • Example 2 The grinding wheel obtained in Example 2 was used for the grinding of the iron-based powder metallurgy workpiece, and the grinding effect was as shown in Table 2.
  • Comparative Example 2 is a Co-based bond diamond grinding wheel, which does not contain an additive, and the rest is the same as in Example 2.
  • composition of the additive raw material composition for the superhard material product of Examples 3-6 is shown in Table 3.
  • the composite binders of Examples 3-6 were composed of the above-mentioned additives and metal binders, respectively, and the rest were the same as in Example 1.
  • the grinding wheels of Examples 3-6 were respectively made of the above-mentioned composite binder and diamond abrasive, and the rest were the same as in Example 1.
  • the grinding wheel product using the additive of the invention improves the sharpness and service life of the product and improves the grinding performance of the product on the basis of substantially maintaining the original strength.
  • the additive is made of the following mass percentages of raw materials: Bi 2 O 3 35%, B 2 O 3 35%, ZnO 10%, SiO 2 5%, Al 2 O 3 3%, Na 2 CO 3 2%, Li 2 CO 3 4%, MgCO 3 2%, and CaF 2 4%.
  • the preparation method of the additive comprises the following steps:
  • step 2) The mixture obtained in the step 1) is cooled to 850 ° C at a rate of 5 ° C / min, a formula amount of CaF 2 is added and stirred and mixed for 2 h to obtain a sintered product;
  • the sinter obtained in the step 2) is poured into cold water (room temperature) and quenched to obtain a bulk material; the obtained bulk material is ball-milled together with ethanol in a ball mill jar for 60 h on a high-energy ball mill to obtain a powder having a particle size of D90 ⁇ 200 nm.
  • the material is the additive.
  • step b) the mixture obtained in step a) is placed in a steel mold, dip, smoothed, placed on a hydraulic press at a pressure of 150 MPa to obtain a blank;
  • step b) The billet obtained in step b) is charged into a graphite mold, and placed in a hot press sintering machine for sintering under an air atmosphere, specifically: firstly heating to 400 ° C at a rate of 100 ° C / min and holding for 2 min, causing low The melting point of Sn is completely melted for alloying reaction, and then heated to 600 ° C at a rate of 50 ° C and held for 8 min; after the completion of the heat, the mold is placed in cold water (room temperature) and quenched to obtain the abrasive block;
  • step c bonding the abrasive block obtained in step c to the grinding wheel base to obtain the self-sharp diamond grinding wheel.
  • the self-sharpening diamond grinding wheel of the embodiment comprises a grinding wheel base body and an abrasive block, and the abrasive block is made of the following mass percentage of raw materials: Cu 44%, Sn 10%, Co 25%, Al 3%, Fe 2%, Cr1%, Ti 3%, MoS 2 1%, SG abrasive 5%, diamond 5%, and additive 1%.
  • the additive is made of the following mass percentages of raw materials: Bi 2 O 3 25%, B 2 O 3 40%, ZnO 5%, SiO 2 2%, Al 2 O 3 8%, Na 2 CO 3 1%, Li 2 CO 3 3%, MgCO 3 5%, and CaF 2 1%.
  • the preparation method of the additive comprises the following steps:
  • step 2) The mixture obtained in the step 1) is cooled to 850 ° C at a rate of 5 ° C / min, a formula amount of CaF 2 is added and stirred and mixed for 2 h to obtain a sintered product;
  • the sinter obtained in the step 2) is poured into cold water (room temperature) and quenched to obtain a bulk material; the obtained bulk material is placed in a ball mill tank together with ethanol to be ball milled on a high-energy ball mill for 50 hours to obtain a powder having a particle size of D90 ⁇ 200 nm.
  • the material is the additive.
  • step b) the mixture obtained in step a) is placed in a steel mold, dip, smoothed, placed on a hydraulic press and pressed at a pressure of 200 MPa to obtain a blank;
  • step b) The billet obtained in step b) is charged into a graphite mold, and placed in a hot press sintering machine for sintering under an air atmosphere, specifically: firstly heating to 450 ° C at a rate of 100 ° C / min and holding for 1 min, causing low The melting point of Sn is completely melted to carry out the alloying reaction, and then the temperature is raised to 580 ° C at a rate of 50 ° C and held for 10 min; after the completion of the holding, the mold is placed in cold water (room temperature) and quenched to obtain the abrasive block;
  • step c bonding the abrasive block obtained in step c to the grinding wheel base to obtain the self-sharp diamond grinding wheel.
  • the self-sharpening diamond grinding wheel of the embodiment comprises a grinding wheel base body and an abrasive block, and the abrasive block is made of the following mass percentage of raw materials: Cu 25%, Sn 5%, Co 30%, Al 7%, Fe 1%, Cr 2%, Ti 1%, MoS 2 2%, SG abrasive 6%, diamond 15%, additive 6%.
  • the additive is made of the following mass percentages of raw materials: Bi 2 O 3 30%, B 2 O 3 25%, ZnO 19%, SiO 2 10%, Al 2 O 3 2%, Na 2 CO 3 5%, Li 2 CO 3 1%, MgCO 3 3%, and CaF 2 5%.
  • the additive was prepared in the same manner as in Example 7.
  • step b) The mixture obtained in the step a) is placed in a steel mold, dip, smoothed, placed on a hydraulic press and pressed at a pressure of 170 MPa to obtain a blank;
  • step b) The blank obtained in step b) is charged into a graphite mold, and placed in a hot press sintering machine for sintering under an air atmosphere, specifically: firstly heating to 400 ° C at a rate of 100 ° C / min and holding for 1 min, causing low The melting point of Sn is completely melted to carry out the alloying reaction, and then the temperature is raised to 620 ° C at a rate of 50 ° C and held for 4 min; after the completion of the heat preservation, the mold is placed in cold water (room temperature) and quenched to obtain the abrasive block;
  • step c bonding the abrasive block obtained in step c to the grinding wheel base to obtain the self-sharp diamond grinding wheel.
  • the self-sharpening diamond grinding wheel of the embodiment comprises a grinding wheel base body and an abrasive block, and the abrasive block is made of the following mass percentage of raw materials: Cu 25%, Sn 20%, Co 20%, Al 5%, Fe 5%, Cr3%, Ti 1%, MoS 2 2%, SG abrasive 3%, diamond 7%, additive 9%.
  • the percentage of the additive by the following quality raw materials Bi 2 O 3 40%, B 2 O 3 30%, ZnO5%, SiO 2 8%, Al 2 O 3 5%, Na 2 CO 3 3%, Li 2 CO 3 5%, MgCO 3 1%, and CaF 2 3%.
  • the additive was prepared in the same manner as in Example 7.
  • step b) the mixture obtained in step a) is placed in a steel mold, dip, smoothed, placed on a hydraulic press at a pressure of 160 MPa to obtain a blank;
  • step b) The billet obtained in step b) is charged into a graphite mold, and placed in a hot press sintering machine for sintering under an air atmosphere, specifically: firstly heating to 350 ° C at a rate of 100 ° C / min and holding for 3 min, causing low The melting point of Sn is completely melted for alloying reaction, and then heated to 610 ° C at a rate of 50 ° C and held for 3 min; after the completion of the heat, the mold is placed in cold water (room temperature) and quenched to obtain the abrasive block;
  • step c bonding the abrasive block obtained in step c to the grinding wheel base to obtain the self-sharp diamond grinding wheel.
  • the self-sharpening diamond grinding wheel of the embodiment comprises a grinding wheel base body and an abrasive block, and the abrasive block is made of the following mass percentage of raw materials: Cu 30%, Sn 5%, Co 35%, Al 10%, Fe 3%, Cr3%, Ti 2%, MoS 2 1%, SG abrasive 2%, diamond 5%, and additive 4%.
  • the additive is made of the following mass percentages of raw materials: Bi 2 O 3 25%, B 2 O 3 25%, ZnO 25%, SiO 2 6%, Al 2 O 3 10%, Na 2 CO 3 2%, Li 2 CO 3 2%, MgCO 3 3%, and CaF 2 2%.
  • the additive was prepared in the same manner as in Example 7.
  • step b) the mixture obtained in step a) is placed in a steel mold, dip, smoothed, placed on a hydraulic press at a pressure of 180 MPa to obtain a blank;
  • step b) The blank obtained in step b) is charged into a graphite mold, and placed in a hot press sintering machine for sintering under an air atmosphere, specifically: firstly heating to 450 ° C at a rate of 100 ° C / min and holding for 2 min, causing low The melting point of Sn is completely melted for alloying reaction, and then heated to 590 ° C at a rate of 50 ° C and held for 8 min; after the completion of the heat, the mold is placed in cold water (room temperature) and quenched to obtain the abrasive block;
  • step c bonding the abrasive block obtained in step c to the grinding wheel base to obtain the self-sharp diamond grinding wheel.
  • the self-sharp diamond grinding wheels of Examples 12-16 were respectively used as the grinding wheel block by the abrasive blocks obtained in Examples 7-11, and it was also possible to use the grinding wheel base body.
  • the abrasive block raw material of the conventional grinding wheel is composed of the following mass percentage components: Cu 50%, Sn 25%, Co 15%, and diamond 10%; and the preparation method is the same as in the fourth embodiment.
  • the diamond grinding wheel of the embodiment 7-11 has the self-sharpening ability, eliminating the trimming process, saving the dressing cost, and the dressing time is transferred to the processing of the workpiece; the same time, the number of processing Increased by about 17%, the processing efficiency is improved; and the grinding load (resistance) is reduced during the grinding process, the sharpness of the grinding wheel is improved, and the yield is equivalent.
  • the test results show that the diamond grinding wheel of the invention has high self-sharpness, high strength, high processing efficiency, uniform wear of the grinding wheel during the grinding process, no trimming during the whole life cycle, and always good during the grinding process.
  • the grinding force fundamentally solves the problem of long dressing time and high dressing cost of the diamond grinding wheel, and has good economic benefits.

Abstract

一种超硬材料制品用添加剂原料组合物，添加剂及其制备方法，复合结合剂及超硬材料制品，自锐性金刚石砂轮及其制备方法。该原料组合物由以下质量百分比的组分组成：Bi2O3 25％～40％、B 2O 3 25％～40％、ZnO5％～25％、SiO 22％～10％、Al 2O 32％～10％、Na 2CO 31％～5％、Li 2CO 31％～5％、MgCO 30～5％、CaF 21％～5％。采用该原料组合物制成的添加剂具有微晶结构，能显著提高金属结合剂超硬材料制品的磨削效率和使用寿命，包括添加剂制成的金刚石砂轮自锐性高、强度高，组织细腻，在磨削过程中消耗均匀。

Description

超硬材料制品用添加剂原料组合物，添加剂及其制备方法，复合结合剂及超硬材料制品，自锐性金刚石砂轮及其制备方法
本申请要求于2016年6月6日提交中国专利局、申请号为CN201610395467.X、发明名称为“超硬材料制品用添加剂原料组合物，添加剂及其制备方法，复合结合剂及超硬材料制品”以及2016年6月6日提交中国专利局、申请号为CN201610395488.1、发明名称为“一种自锐性金刚石砂轮及其制备方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于超硬材料制品技术领域，具体涉及一种超硬材料制品用添加剂原料组合物，同时还涉及一种采用该添加剂原料组合物制成的超硬材料制品用添加剂及其制备方法，还涉及含有该添加剂的复合结合剂及采用该复合结合剂的砂轮及其制备方法，具体涉及，超硬材料制品用添加剂原料组合物，添加剂及其制备方法，复合结合剂及超硬材料制品，自锐性金刚石砂轮及其制备方法。
背景技术
超硬材料主要是指金刚石和立方氮化硼，其硬度都远高于其它材料的硬度。超硬材料及制品是国家重点支持的新兴产业，“十二五”国家战略性新兴产业发展规划中指出：要大力发展新型功能材料，积极发展高纯石墨、人工晶体、超硬材料及制品。超硬材料制品按照结合剂类型的不同主要有：金属结合剂超硬材料制品、陶瓷结合剂超硬材料制品、树脂结合剂超硬材料制品和电镀金属结合剂超硬材料制品等。
金属结合剂超硬材料制品作为超硬材料制品最主要类型之一，具有对磨料把持力强、强度高、耐磨性好、工作面形状保持性好、寿命长等优点，被广泛 应用于石材、玻璃、陶瓷、人工晶体等无机非金属硬脆材料的切、磨及成型磨加工。但是金属结合剂金刚石制品存在自锐性差，易堵塞，磨削效率低等问题，限制了其应用与发展。
针对金属结合剂超硬材料制品存在的问题，学者们进行了大量的研究与尝试，主要是添加石墨、陶瓷、氧化铁等瘠性材料作为添加剂。但是，这些添加剂如果添加量过多，会严重降低磨料层的强度和结合剂对磨料的把持力，导致寿命大幅度降低，并极易产生划伤；如果加入量过少，对磨削性能和磨削效率的提升作用不明显。
如现有技术中，采用冷压烧结的方法制作可在线电解的金属结合剂超硬磨料砂轮，该超硬磨料砂轮采用石墨、四氧化三铁中的一种或两种作为非金属添加剂，粘合作用小，本身强度较小，与金属结合剂的强度差距大，不利于保持磨料层的强度及对磨料的把持力。
砂轮的自锐性是指砂轮的磨粒磨钝后，磨削力也随之增大，致使磨粒破碎或脱落，重新露出锋利的刃口。超硬材料制品砂轮在磨削过程中，砂轮的磨粒在摩擦、挤压作用下，它的棱角逐渐磨圆变钝，磨屑常常嵌塞在砂轮表面，使砂轮表面堵塞，最后使砂轮丧失磨削能力。这时，砂轮与工件之间会产生打滑现象，并可能引起振动和出现噪声，使磨削效率下降，表面粗糙度变差。同时由于磨削力及磨削热的增加，会引起工作变形和影响磨削精度，严重时还会使磨削表面出现烧伤和细小裂纹。此时，必须用修整器对砂轮进行修整。砂轮的修整一般需要几十分钟甚至数小时，严重影响了生产节拍，降低生产效率；修整器价格昂贵，耗费巨大的成本；在高精度磨削中，机床还需要加装在线修整装置，也大大提高了机床的设计难度和制造成本。
现有技术中，金刚石砂轮对于自锐性的提高仅限于对修整间隙的提高，还是无法解决砂轮修整时间长，修整成本高的问题。该复合结合剂砂轮采用陶瓷粉与青铜粉制成复合结合剂，但是该陶瓷粉的耐火度较高，需要在1700℃进行熔炼，且高于砂轮的烧结温度，在烧结过程中不容易分散均匀，对砂轮磨削效率和使用寿命的提高有限。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一是提供一种超硬材料制品用添加剂原料组合物，制得的添加剂与金属结合剂强度差距小，耐火度低，能显著提高金属结合剂超硬材料制品的磨削效率和使用寿命。
本发明的又一目的还在于提供一种采用上述添加剂原料组合物制成的超硬材料制品用添加剂及其制备方法，及含有该添加剂的复合结合剂和采用该复合结合剂的超硬材料制品。
本发明的又一目的还在于提供一种自锐性金刚石砂轮及其制备方法。
为了实现以上目的，本发明所采用的技术方案是：
超硬材料制品用添加剂原料组合物，由以下质量百分比的组分组成：
Bi2O3 25％～40％、B2O3 25％～40％、ZnO 5％～25％、SiO2 2％～10％、Al2O3 2％～10％、Na2CO3 1％～5％、Li2CO3 1％～5％、MgCO3 0％～5％、CaF2 1％～5％。
上述原料组合物中，各原料的纯度均为分析纯。
超硬材料制品用添加剂，由以下质量百分比的原料制成：
Bi2O3 25％～40％、B2O3 25％～40％、ZnO 5％～25％、SiO2 2％～10％、Al2O3 2％～10％、Na2CO3 1％～5％、Li2CO3 1％～5％、MgCO3 0％～5％、CaF2 1％～5％。
所述添加剂的粒度D90＜200nm。
上述的添加剂的制备方法，包括下列步骤：
1)取配方量的Bi2O3、B2O3、ZnO、SiO2、Al2O3、Na2CO3、Li2CO3、MgCO3混合，升温至1200～1400℃并保温1～3h，得混合物；
2)将步骤1)所得混合物降温至850～950℃，加入配方量的CaF2混合，保温1～2h，得烧结物；
3)将步骤2)所得烧结物急冷，后粉碎至粒度D90＜200nm，即得。
复合结合剂，由金属结合剂与上述的添加剂组成。所述添加剂在复合结合剂中的质量百分含量不超过30％。所述添加剂在复合结合剂中的质量百分含量为1.1％～30％。
采用上述复合结合剂的超硬材料制品；可选地，所述超硬材料制品为砂轮。该砂轮中，添加剂的质量为砂轮原料总质量的1％～10％。所述砂轮原料包括复合结合剂和磨料。
自锐性金刚石砂轮，包括磨料块，所述磨料块的原料包含金属结合剂、MoS2、SG磨料、金刚石和上述的添加剂；上述的添加剂在磨料块的原料中所占的质量百分含量为1％～10％。
上述的自锐性金刚石砂轮的制备方法，包括下列步骤：
a)取金属结合剂、MoS2粉、SG磨料、金刚石和添加剂混合，得混合料；
b)将步骤a)所得混合料置于模具中压制，得坯料；
c)将步骤b)所得坯料置于模具中，升温至580～620℃并保温4～10min进行烧结，后急冷，即得所述磨料块。
所述的自锐性金刚石砂轮的制备方法，还包括将所得磨料块粘接在砂轮基体上，即得自锐性金刚石砂轮。
本发明的超硬材料制品用添加剂原料组合物，采用Bi2O3、B2O3、ZnO、SiO2、Al2O3、Na2CO3、Li2CO3、MgCO3与CaF2复配，各组分相互协调，配合作用；采用 该原料组合物制成的添加剂，具有微晶结构，其强度大于200MPa，与金属结合剂的强度差距较小，不会大幅度降低金属结合剂超硬材料制品的强度；该添加剂的耐火度低于500℃，远低于金属结合剂超硬材料制品的烧结温度，金属结合剂超硬材料制品在烧结时添加剂处于熔融状态，烧结后在骨架颗粒间呈放射状分布；添加剂粒度达到亚微米级，在制品中分散均匀、组织细腻，对制品整体强度影响较小，能显著提高金属结合剂超硬材料制品的磨削效率和使用寿命。
本发明的超硬材料制品用添加剂的制备方法，是将Bi2O3、B2O3、ZnO、SiO2、Al2O3、Na2CO3、Li2CO3、MgCO3混合熔炼后，降温再加入CaF2保温后急冷、粉碎制成的；所得添加剂具有微晶结构，强度高，耐火度低，粒径小；该制备方法工艺简单，操作方便，适合大规模工业化生产。
所述添加剂在复合结合剂中呈均匀的亚微米级弥散放射分布，添加剂与金属结合剂复配成复合结合剂，采用该复合结合剂的超硬材料制品，对金属结合剂的强度影响较小，提高了制品的锋利度和使用寿命，提高了制品的磨削性能。
本发明的自锐性金刚石砂轮，磨料块的原料包括金属结合剂、MoS2粉、SG磨料、金刚石和添加剂，所述添加剂由一定量的Bi2O3、B2O3、ZnO、SiO2、Al2O3、Na2CO3、Li2CO3、MgCO3与CaF2制成；该添加剂具有微晶结构，其强度大于200MPa，与金属结合剂的强度差距较小；该添加剂的耐火度低于500℃，远低于金属结合剂超硬材料制品的烧结温度，在烧结时处于熔融状态，烧结后在骨架颗粒间呈放射状分布，分散均匀、组织细腻。
本发明的自锐性金刚石砂轮中，所用添加剂的线膨胀系数与金刚石匹配较好，在砂轮中呈均匀的亚微米级弥散放射分布，对砂轮整体强度影响较小，能显著提高金属结合剂金刚石砂轮的自锐性和使用寿命；MoS2粉化学性能稳定， 和金属间附着力很强，具有润滑作用，在粉料中还起到防氧化作用；SG磨料在砂轮中起占位和辅助磨削作用，避免砂轮堵塞，同时可提高金刚石砂轮的形状保持性，避免砂轮形状精度丧失。本发明的自锐性金刚石砂轮，磨料块采用金属结合剂、SG磨料、金刚石和上述添加剂为原料，自锐性高、强度高，加工效率高，组织细腻，在磨削过程中砂轮消耗均匀，在整个寿命周期的使用过程中免修整，且在磨削过程中始终保持良好的磨削力，从根本上解决金刚石砂轮修整时间长、修整成本高的问题，具有良好的经济效益。
进一步的，本发明的自锐性金刚石砂轮，采用一定量的Cu粉、Sn粉、Co粉、Al粉、Fe粉、Cr粉、Ti粉复配成的金属结合剂；该金属结合剂中，Al粉的活性较高，极易氧化，在烧结过程中可优先与空气中的氧气反应，从而避免其它金属粉和金刚石的氧化，使烧结过程在空气气氛中即可进行，大大降低了成本；Cr粉、Ti粉可与磨料形成碳化物，提高结合剂镀金刚石的粘结强度。
本发明的自锐性金刚石砂轮的制备方法，是将各原料混料后，先压制成坯料再烧结制成的；热压烧结结束后，将模具迅速置于水中急冷，可防止晶粒过度长大，使所得砂轮组织细腻，从而获得强度高、自锐性高的金刚石砂轮，且使所得砂轮在磨削过程中消耗均匀。该制备方法工艺简单，操作方便，烧结温度低，成本低且易于自动化控制，适合大规模工业化生产。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本发明的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为实施例1所得超硬材料制品用添加剂的粒度分布图；
图2为实施例1所得添加剂在复合结合剂中的分布示意图；
其中，1－骨架材料，2－添加剂。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的说明。
超硬材料制品用添加剂原料组合物，由以下质量百分比的组分组成：
Bi2O3 25％～40％、B2O3 25％～40％、ZnO 5％～25％、SiO2 2％～10％、Al2O3 2％～10％、Na2CO3 1％～5％、Li2CO3 1％～5％、MgCO3 0％～5％、CaF2 1％～5％。
上述原料组合物中，各原料的纯度均为分析纯。
超硬材料制品用添加剂，由以下质量百分比的原料制成：
Bi2O3 25％～40％、B2O3 25％～40％、ZnO 5％～25％、SiO2 2％～10％、Al2O3 2％～10％、Na2CO3 1％～5％、Li2CO3 1％～5％、MgCO3 0％～5％、CaF2 1％～5％。
可选地，所述添加剂的粒度D90<200nm。
上述的添加剂的制备方法，包括下列步骤：
1)取配方量的Bi2O3、B2O3、ZnO、SiO2、Al2O3、Na2CO3、Li2CO3、MgCO3混合，升温至1200～1400℃并保温1～3h，得混合物；
2)将步骤1)所得混合物降温至850～950℃，加入配方量的CaF2混合，保温1～2h，得烧结物；
3)将步骤2)所得烧结物急冷，后粉碎至粒度D90<200nm，即得。
可选地，步骤1)中，所述升温的速率为8～12℃/min。将混合后的原料放入石英坩埚中，置于高温电阻炉中进行加热。
可选地，步骤2)中，所述降温的速率为4～6℃/min。
可选地，步骤3)中，所述急冷是指将所得烧结物置于水中急冷，得块状物料。所述的水优选室温的水。
可选地，所述粉碎是指将所得块状物料与乙醇混合进行球磨。将块状物料连同乙醇装入球磨罐中在高能球磨机上球磨；球磨至所得粉料的粒度D90<200nm；可选地，球磨的时间为40～60h。可选地，物料与乙醇的体积比为1:3。
复合结合剂，由金属结合剂与上述的添加剂组成。所述添加剂在复合结合剂中的质量百分含量不超过30％。所述添加剂在复合结合剂中的质量百分含量为1.1％～30％。
可选地，所述金属结合剂为青铜结合剂或Co基结合剂。
采用上述复合结合剂的超硬材料制品；所述超硬材料制品为砂轮。该砂轮中，添加剂的质量为砂轮原料总质量的1％～10％。所述砂轮原料包括复合结合剂和磨料。优选的，所述磨料为金刚石磨料。
自锐性金刚石砂轮，包括磨料块，所述磨料块的原料包含金属结合剂、MoS2、SG磨料、金刚石和上述的添加剂；上述的添加剂在磨料块的原料中所占的质量百分含量为1％～10％。
上述的自锐性金刚石砂轮的制备方法，包括下列步骤：
a)取金属结合剂、MoS2粉、SG磨料、金刚石和添加剂混合，得混合料；
b)将步骤a)所得混合料置于模具中压制，得坯料；
c)将步骤b)所得坯料置于模具中，升温至580～620℃并保温4～10min进行烧结，后急冷，即得所述磨料块。
可选地，步骤a)中，所述混合是将原料置于三维混料机中进行混料；混料的时间为2～4h。
可选地，步骤b)中，所述压制的压力为150～200MPa。压制所用的模具优选钢制模具；压制所用的设备优选油压机。
可选地，步骤c)中，所述升温是指先以100℃/min的升温速率升温至350～450℃并保温1～3min后，再以50℃/min的升温速率升温至580～620℃。先升温至350～450℃并保温的作用是促使低熔点的Sn完全熔化以进行合金化反应。
可选地，步骤c)中，烧结所用的模具优选石墨模具；烧结所用的设备优选热压烧结机。烧结过程可在空气气氛下进行。在580～620℃保温完毕后，将模具置于水中急冷。所述水优选室温的水。
可选地，所述的自锐性金刚石砂轮的制备方法，还包括将所得磨料块粘接在砂轮基体上，即得自锐性金刚石砂轮。
具体实施方式中，原料组合物中所用原料均为分析纯。
实施例1
本实施例的超硬材料制品用添加剂原料组合物，由以下质量百分比的组分组成：
Bi2O3 35％、B2O3 35％、ZnO 10％、SiO2 5％、Al2O3 3％、Na2CO3 2％、Li2CO3 4％、MgCO3 2％、CaF2 4％。
本实施例的超硬材料制品用添加剂，是由上述原料组合物制成的，制备方法包括下列步骤：
1)取配方量的Bi2O3、B2O3、ZnO、SiO2、Al2O3、Na2CO3、Li2CO3、MgCO3混合均匀后，放入石英坩埚中，置于高温电阻炉中，以10℃/min的加热至1250℃并保温2h，得混合物；
2)将步骤1)所得混合物以5℃/min的速率降温至850℃，加入配方量的CaF2并搅拌混合，保温2h，得烧结物；
3)将步骤2)所得烧结物倒入冷水中急冷，得块状物料；按照物料与乙醇的体积比为1:3比例，将得到的块状物料连同乙醇装入球磨罐中在高能球磨机上球磨60h，得到粒度D90<200nm的粉料(采用激光粒度仪对粉料进行粒度检测，粒度分布如图1所示)，即为所述添加剂。
本实施例的复合结合剂，由金属结合剂与上述的添加剂组成。添加剂在复合结合剂中的质量百分含量为10％。其中所述金属结合剂为青铜结合剂，由以下质量百分比的组分组成：Cu粉71％、Sn粉21％、Co粉7％、Ni粉1％。
本实施例的砂轮，是将上述的复合结合剂与金刚石磨料混匀后，经150MPa压制成坯料后装入相应的模具中经580℃烧结制成。添加剂的质量为砂轮原料(复合结合剂与金刚石磨料)总质量的8％。
图2为添加剂在复合结合剂中的分布示意图。从图2可以看出，添加剂在复合结合剂中呈均匀的亚微米级弥散放射分布，添加剂在超硬材料制品中的分布也是一致的。其中，骨架材料是指金属结合剂中的难熔组分，是复合结合剂的一部分。
将实施例1所得砂轮用于硬质合金的磨削，其磨削效果如表1所示。其中，对比例1为青铜结合剂金刚石砂轮，不含添加剂，其余同实施例1。
表1实施例1所得砂轮的磨削效果对比表
砂轮 强度(MPa) 去除速率(g/min) 修整频率(Kg/次) 砂轮寿命
对比例1 280 3 2.5 30
实施例1 260 4 4 42
实施例2
本实施例的超硬材料制品用添加剂原料组合物，由以下质量百分比的组分组成：
Bi2O3 30％、B2O3 40％、ZnO 10％、SiO2 5％、Al2O3 3％、Na2CO3 4％、Li2CO3 4％、CaF2 4％。
本实施例的超硬材料制品用添加剂，是由上述原料组合物制成的，制备方法包括下列步骤：
1)取配方量的Bi2O3、B2O3、ZnO、SiO2、Al2O3、Na2CO3、Li2CO3混合均匀后，放入石英坩埚中，置于高温电阻炉中，以10℃/min的加热至1300℃并保温1h，得混合物；
2)将步骤1)所得混合物以5℃/min的速率降温至850℃，加入配方量的CaF2并搅拌混合，保温2h，得烧结物；
3)将步骤2)所得烧结物倒入冷水中急冷，得块状物料；按照物料与乙醇的体积比为1:3比例，将得到的块状物料连同乙醇装入球磨罐中在高能球磨机上球磨50h，得到粒度D90<200nm的粉料(采用激光粒度仪对粉料进行粒度检测)，即为所述添加剂。
本实施例的复合结合剂，由金属结合剂与上述的添加剂组成。添加剂在复合结合剂中的质量百分含量为3.8％。其中所述金属结合剂为Co基结合剂，由以下质量百分比的组分组成：Co 64％、Cu 21％、Sn 10％、WC 5％。
本实施例的砂轮，是将上述的复合结合剂与金刚石磨料混匀后，经200MPa压制成坯料后装入相应的模具中经620℃烧结制成。添加剂的质量为砂轮原料(复合结合剂与金刚石磨料)总质量的3％。
将实施例2所得砂轮用于铁基粉末冶金工件的磨削，为流水线作业，其磨削效果如表2所示。其中，对比例2为Co基结合剂金刚石砂轮，不含添加剂，其余同实施例2。
表2实施例2所得砂轮的磨削效果对比表
砂轮 强度(MPa) 加工节拍(sec) 修整频率(件/次) 砂轮寿命(件)
对比例2 260 18 3200 28000
实施例2 250 14 5800 42000
实施例3-6的超硬材料制品用添加剂原料组合物的组成如表3所示。
表3实施例3-6的超硬材料制品用添加剂原料组合物的组成(质量百分比)
组分 实施例3 实施例4 实施例5 实施例6
Bi2O3 25％ 30％ 40％ 25％
B2O3 40％ 25％ 30％ 25％
ZnO 5％ 19％ 5％ 25％
SiO2 2％ 10％ 8％ 6％
Al2O3 8％ 2％ 5％ 10％
NaCO3 1％ 5％ 3％ 2％
LiCO3 3％ 1％ 5％ 2％
MgCO3 5％ 3％ 1％ 3％
CaF2 1％ 5％ 3％ 2％
实施例3-6的超硬材料制品用添加剂是分别采用上述的原料组合物制成的，制备方法的技术参数如表4所示，其余同实施例1。
表4实施例3-6的超硬材料制品用添加剂的制备方法参数表
Figure PCTCN2017082264-appb-000001
实施例3-6的复合结合剂是分别采用的上述的添加剂与金属结合剂组成的，其余同实施例1。实施例3-6的砂轮是分别采用上述的复合结合剂与金刚石磨料制成的，其余同实施例1。
对实施例3-6的砂轮的磨削效果进行检测，结果如表5所示。
表5实施例3-6所得砂轮的磨削效果检测结果
Figure PCTCN2017082264-appb-000002
从表5可以看出，采用本发明的添加剂的砂轮制品，在基本保持原有强度的基础上，提高了制品的锋利度和使用寿命，提高了制品的磨削性能。
实施例7
本实施例的自锐性金刚石砂轮，包括砂轮基体和磨料块，所述磨料块由以下质量百分比的原料制成：Cu 28％、Sn 12％、Co 30％、Al 5％、Fe 3％、Cr2％、Ti 2％、MoS23％、SG磨料2％、金刚石10％、添加剂3％。
所述添加剂由以下质量百分比的原料制成：Bi2O3 35％、B2O3 35％、ZnO10％、SiO25％、Al2O3 3％、Na2CO3 2％、Li2CO3 4％、MgCO3 2％、CaF2 4％。
所述添加剂的制备方法，包括下列步骤：
1)取配方量的Bi2O3、B2O3、ZnO、SiO2、Al2O3、Na2CO3、Li2CO3、MgCO3混合均匀后，放入石英坩埚中，置于高温电阻炉中，以10℃/min的加热至1250℃并保温2h，得混合物；
2)将步骤1)所得混合物以5℃/min的速率降温至850℃，加入配方量的CaF2并搅拌混合，保温2h，得烧结物；
3)将步骤2)所得烧结物倒入冷水(室温)中急冷，得块状物料；将得到的块状物料连同乙醇装入球磨罐中在高能球磨机上球磨60h，得到粒度D90<200nm的粉料，即为所述添加剂。
本实施例的自锐性金刚石砂轮的制备方法，包括下列步骤：
a)取配方量的Cu粉、Sn粉、Co粉、Al粉、Fe粉、Cr粉、Ti粉、MoS2粉、SG磨料、金刚石和添加剂，装入三维混料机中混料2h，得混合料；
b)将步骤a)所得混合料装入钢制模具中，趟料、刮平，置于油压机上以150MPa的压力进行压制，得坯料；
c)将步骤b)所得坯料装入石墨模具中，在空气气氛下，置于热压烧结机中进行烧结，具体为：先以100℃/min的速率升温至400℃并保温2min，促使低熔点的Sn完全熔化以进行合金化反应，然后以50℃的速率升温至600℃并保温8min；保温完毕后，将模具置于冷水(室温)中急冷，即得所述磨料块；
d)将步骤c所得磨料块粘接在砂轮基体上，即得所述自锐性金刚石砂轮。
实施例8
本实施例的自锐性金刚石砂轮，包括砂轮基体和磨料块，所述磨料块由以下质量百分比的原料制成：Cu 44％、Sn 10％、Co 25％、Al 3％、Fe 2％、Cr1％、Ti 3％、MoS21％、SG磨料5％、金刚石5％、添加剂1％。
所述添加剂由以下质量百分比的原料制成：Bi2O3 25％、B2O3 40％、ZnO5％、SiO22％、Al2O3 8％、Na2CO3 1％、Li2CO3 3％、MgCO3 5％、CaF2 1％。
所述添加剂的制备方法，包括下列步骤：
1)取配方量的Bi2O3、B2O3、ZnO、SiO2、Al2O3、Na2CO3、Li2CO3、MgCO3混合均匀后，放入石英坩埚中，置于高温电阻炉中，以10℃/min的加热至1300℃并保温1h，得混合物；
2)将步骤1)所得混合物以5℃/min的速率降温至850℃，加入配方量的CaF2并搅拌混合，保温2h，得烧结物；
3)将步骤2)所得烧结物倒入冷水(室温)中急冷，得块状物料；将得到的块状物料连同乙醇装入球磨罐中在高能球磨机上球磨50h，得到粒度D90<200nm的粉料，即为所述添加剂。
本实施例的自锐性金刚石砂轮的制备方法，包括下列步骤：
a)取配方量的Cu粉、Sn粉、Co粉、Al粉、Fe粉、Cr粉、Ti粉、MoS2粉、SG磨料、金刚石和添加剂，装入三维混料机中混料3h，得混合料；
b)将步骤a)所得混合料装入钢制模具中，趟料、刮平，置于油压机上以200MPa的压力进行压制，得坯料；
c)将步骤b)所得坯料装入石墨模具中，在空气气氛下，置于热压烧结机中进行烧结，具体为：先以100℃/min的速率升温至450℃并保温1min，促使低熔点的Sn完全熔化以进行合金化反应，然后以50℃的速率升温至580℃并保温10min；保温完毕后，将模具置于冷水(室温)中急冷，即得所述磨料块；
d)将步骤c所得磨料块粘接在砂轮基体上，即得所述自锐性金刚石砂轮。
实施例9
本实施例的自锐性金刚石砂轮，包括砂轮基体和磨料块，所述磨料块由以下质量百分比的原料制成：Cu 25％、Sn 5％、Co 30％、Al 7％、Fe 1％、Cr 2％、Ti 1％、MoS2 2％、SG磨料6％、金刚石15％、添加剂6％。
所述添加剂由以下质量百分比的原料制成：Bi2O3 30％、B2O3 25％、ZnO19％、SiO210％、Al2O3 2％、Na2CO3 5％、Li2CO3 1％、MgCO3 3％、CaF2 5％。所述添加剂的制备方法同实施例7。
本实施例的自锐性金刚石砂轮的制备方法，包括下列步骤：
a)取配方量的Cu粉、Sn粉、Co粉、Al粉、Fe粉、Cr粉、Ti粉、MoS2粉、SG磨料、金刚石和添加剂，装入三维混料机中混料4h，得混合料；
b)将步骤a)所得混合料装入钢制模具中，趟料、刮平，置于油压机上以170MPa的压力进行压制，得坯料；
c)将步骤b)所得坯料装入石墨模具中，在空气气氛下，置于热压烧结机中进行烧结，具体为：先以100℃/min的速率升温至400℃并保温1min，促使低熔点的Sn完全熔化以进行合金化反应，然后以50℃的速率升温至620℃并保温4min；保温完毕后，将模具置于冷水(室温)中急冷，即得所述磨料块；
d)将步骤c所得磨料块粘接在砂轮基体上，即得所述自锐性金刚石砂轮。
实施例10
本实施例的自锐性金刚石砂轮，包括砂轮基体和磨料块，所述磨料块由以下质量百分比的原料制成：Cu 25％、Sn 20％、Co 20％、Al 5％、Fe 5％、Cr3％、Ti 1％、MoS22％、SG磨料3％、金刚石7％、添加剂9％。
所述添加剂由以下质量百分比的原料制成：Bi2O3 40％、B2O3 30％、ZnO5％、SiO28％、Al2O3 5％、Na2CO3 3％、Li2CO3 5％、MgCO3 1％、CaF2 3％。所述添加剂的制备方法同实施例7。
本实施例的自锐性金刚石砂轮的制备方法，包括下列步骤：
a)取配方量的Cu粉、Sn粉、Co粉、Al粉、Fe粉、Cr粉、Ti粉、MoS2粉、SG磨料、金刚石和添加剂，装入三维混料机中混料4h，得混合料；
b)将步骤a)所得混合料装入钢制模具中，趟料、刮平，置于油压机上以160MPa的压力进行压制，得坯料；
c)将步骤b)所得坯料装入石墨模具中，在空气气氛下，置于热压烧结机中进行烧结，具体为：先以100℃/min的速率升温至350℃并保温3min，促使低熔点的Sn完全熔化以进行合金化反应，然后以50℃的速率升温至610℃并保温3min；保温完毕后，将模具置于冷水(室温)中急冷，即得所述磨料块；
d)将步骤c所得磨料块粘接在砂轮基体上，即得所述自锐性金刚石砂轮。
实施例11
本实施例的自锐性金刚石砂轮，包括砂轮基体和磨料块，所述磨料块由以下质量百分比的原料制成：Cu 30％、Sn 5％、Co 35％、Al 10％、Fe 3％、Cr3％、Ti 2％、MoS21％、SG磨料2％、金刚石5％、添加剂4％。
所述添加剂由以下质量百分比的原料制成：Bi2O3 25％、B2O3 25％、ZnO25％、SiO26％、Al2O3 10％、Na2CO3 2％、Li2CO3 2％、MgCO3 3％、CaF2 2％。所述添加剂的制备方法同实施例7。
本实施例的自锐性金刚石砂轮的制备方法，包括下列步骤：
a)取配方量的Cu粉、Sn粉、Co粉、Al粉、Fe粉、Cr粉、Ti粉、MoS2粉、SG磨料、金刚石和添加剂，装入三维混料机中混料2h，得混合料；
b)将步骤a)所得混合料装入钢制模具中，趟料、刮平，置于油压机上以180MPa的压力进行压制，得坯料；
c)将步骤b)所得坯料装入石墨模具中，在空气气氛下，置于热压烧结机中进行烧结，具体为：先以100℃/min的速率升温至450℃并保温2min，促使低熔点的Sn完全熔化以进行合金化反应，然后以50℃的速率升温至590℃并保温8min；保温完毕后，将模具置于冷水(室温)中急冷，即得所述磨料块；
d)将步骤c所得磨料块粘接在砂轮基体上，即得所述自锐性金刚石砂轮。
实施例12-16的自锐性金刚石砂轮，分别采用实施例7-11所得的磨料块作为砂轮块，不需要砂轮基体，也是可行的。
实验例
本实验例对实施例7-11所得自锐性金刚石砂轮的使用性能进行检测，结果如表6所示。
其中，所述常规砂轮的磨料块原料由以下质量百分比的组分组成：Cu50％、Sn25％、Co 15％、金刚石10％；制备方法同实施例4。
表6实施例7-11所得自锐性金刚石砂轮的使用性能检测结果
Figure PCTCN2017082264-appb-000003
注：主轴电机电流越大，负载越大。
从表6可以看出，实施例7-11的金刚石砂轮，由于自锐能力好，免去了修整环节，节省了修整成本，修整时间则转移加到工件的加工上；相同时间内，加工数量提高17％左右，加工效率提升；且磨削过程中磨削负载(阻力)降低，砂轮锋利度改善，良品率相当。检测结果表明，本发明的金刚石砂轮自锐性高、强度高，加工效率高，在磨削过程中砂轮消耗均匀，在整个寿命周期的使用过程中免修整，且在磨削过程中始终保持良好的磨削力，从根本上解决金刚石砂轮修整时间长、修整成本高的问题，具有良好的经济效益。

Claims (21)

  1. 超硬材料制品用添加剂原料组合物，其特征在于：由以下质量百分比的组分组成：
    Bi2O325％～40％，B2O325％～40％，ZnO 5％～25％，SiO22％～10％，Al2O32％～10％，Na2CO31％～5％，Li2CO31％～5％，MgCO30％～5％，CaF21％～5％。
  2. 超硬材料制品用添加剂，其特征在于：由以下质量百分比的原料制成：
    Bi2O325％～40％，B2O325％～40％，ZnO 5％～25％，SiO22％～10％，Al2O32％～10％，Na2CO31％～5％，Li2CO31％～5％，MgCO30％～5％，CaF21％～5％。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于：包括下列步骤：
    1)取配方量的Bi2O3、B2O3、ZnO、SiO2、Al2O3、Na2CO3、Li2CO3、MgCO3混合，升温至1200～1400℃并保温1～3h，得混合物；
    2)将步骤1)所得混合物降温至850～950℃，加入配方量的CaF2混合，保温1～2h，得烧结物；
    3)将步骤2)所得烧结物急冷，后粉碎至粒度D90<200nm，即得。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤1)中，所述升温的速率为8～12℃/min。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤2)中，所述降温的速率为4～6℃/min。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤3)中，所述急冷是指将所得烧结物置于水中急冷，得块状物料。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于：所述粉碎是指将所得块状物料与乙醇混合进行球磨。
  8. 复合结合剂，其特征在于：由金属结合剂与权利要求2所述的添加剂组成。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的复合结合剂，其特征在于：所述金属结合剂为青铜结合剂或Co基结合剂。
  10. 采用如权利要求8或9的复合结合剂的超硬材料制品。
  11. 一种自锐性金刚石砂轮，其特征在于：包括磨料块，所述磨料块的原料包含金属结合剂、MoS2、SG磨料、金刚石和添加剂；所述添加剂在磨料块的原料中所占的质量百分含量为1％～10％；
    所述添加剂由以下质量百分比的原料制成：Bi2O325％～35％、B2O325％～35％、ZnO 5％～10％、SiO25％～10％、Al2O35％～10％、CaF21％～5％、Na2CO31％～5％、Li2CO31％～5％、MgCO31％～5％。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的自锐性金刚石砂轮，其特征在于：所述添加剂是由包括以下步骤的方法制备的：
    1)取配方量的Bi2O3、B2O3、ZnO、SiO2、Al2O3、Na2CO3、Li2CO3、MgCO3混合，升温至1200～1400℃并保温1～3h，得混合物；
    2)将步骤1)所得混合物降温至850～950℃，加入配方量的CaF2混合，保温1～2h，得烧结物；
    3)将步骤2)所得烧结物急冷，后粉碎至粒度D90<200nm，即得。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的自锐性金刚石砂轮，其特征在于：所述金属结合剂由以下重量份数的组分组成：Cu 25～45份、Sn 5～20份、Co 20～35份、Al 3～10份、Fe 1～5份、Cr 1～3份、Ti 1～3份。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的自锐性金刚石砂轮，其特征在于：所述磨料块的原料中，SG磨料与金刚石的质量比为(2～6):(5～15)。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的自锐性金刚石砂轮，其特征在于：所述磨料块由以下质量百分比的原料制成：Cu 25％～45％、Sn 5％～20％、Co 20％～35％、Al 3％～10％、Fe 1％～5％、Cr 1％～3％、Ti 1％～3％、MoS2 1％～3％、SG磨料2％～6％、金刚石5％～15％、添加剂1％～10％。
  16. 根据权利要求11-15中任一项所述的自锐性金刚石砂轮，其特征在于：还包括砂轮基体，所述磨料块粘接在砂轮基体上。
  17. 一种如权利要求11-15中任一项所述的自锐性金刚石砂轮的制备方法，其特征在于：包括下列步骤：
    a)取金属结合剂、MoS2粉、SG磨料、金刚石和添加剂混合，得混合料；
    b)将步骤a)所得混合料置于模具中压制，得坯料；
    c)将步骤b)所得坯料置于模具中，升温至580～620℃并保温4～10min进行烧结，后急冷，即得所述磨料块。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的自锐性金刚石砂轮的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤b)中，所述压制的压力为150～200MPa。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的自锐性金刚石砂轮的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤c)中，所述升温是指先以100℃/min的升温速率升温至350～450℃并保温1～3min后，再以50℃/min的升温速率升温至580～620℃。
  20. 根据权利要求17所述的自锐性金刚石砂轮的制备方法，其特征在于：还包括将所得磨料块粘接在砂轮基体上，即得自锐性金刚石砂轮。
  21. 一种自锐性金刚石砂轮，其特征在于：包括磨料块，所述磨料块的原料包含金属结合剂、MoS2、SG磨料、金刚石和如权利要求2所述的添加剂；
    所述添加剂在磨料块的原料中所占的质量百分含量为1％～10％。
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CN109531406A (zh) * 2018-12-07 2019-03-29 天津大学 一种固结磨料自锐性磨抛的研磨工具及研磨方法
CN109531406B (zh) * 2018-12-07 2024-04-26 天津大学 一种固结磨料自锐性磨抛的研磨工具及研磨方法

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