WO2017201759A1 - 光学外罩及使用该光学外罩的拍摄装置和无人机 - Google Patents

光学外罩及使用该光学外罩的拍摄装置和无人机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017201759A1
WO2017201759A1 PCT/CN2016/083759 CN2016083759W WO2017201759A1 WO 2017201759 A1 WO2017201759 A1 WO 2017201759A1 CN 2016083759 W CN2016083759 W CN 2016083759W WO 2017201759 A1 WO2017201759 A1 WO 2017201759A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
imaging module
lens
optical
optical lens
drone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2016/083759
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
廖然
徐暉
唐尹
赵喜峰
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SZ DJI Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
SZ DJI Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SZ DJI Technology Co Ltd filed Critical SZ DJI Technology Co Ltd
Priority to CN201680004280.0A priority Critical patent/CN107108044B/zh
Priority to CN201910291838.3A priority patent/CN109932855B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2016/083759 priority patent/WO2017201759A1/zh
Publication of WO2017201759A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017201759A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B11/00—Filters or other obturators specially adapted for photographic purposes
    • G03B11/04—Hoods or caps for eliminating unwanted light from lenses, viewfinders or focusing aids
    • G03B11/045—Lens hoods or shields
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B11/00—Filters or other obturators specially adapted for photographic purposes
    • G03B11/02—Sky masks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B17/00—Details of cameras or camera bodies; Accessories therefor
    • G03B17/56—Accessories
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B17/00—Details of cameras or camera bodies; Accessories therefor
    • G03B17/56—Accessories
    • G03B17/565—Optical accessories, e.g. converters for close-up photography, tele-convertors, wide-angle convertors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/50—Constructional details
    • H04N23/54—Mounting of pick-up tubes, electronic image sensors, deviation or focusing coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/50—Constructional details
    • H04N23/55—Optical parts specially adapted for electronic image sensors; Mounting thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U2101/00—UAVs specially adapted for particular uses or applications
    • B64U2101/30—UAVs specially adapted for particular uses or applications for imaging, photography or videography

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of aerial photography, and in particular to an optical cover and a camera and a drone using the same.
  • aerial photography technology is booming.
  • the aerial photography technology of drones is gradually favored by photographers because its cost is lower and safer than that of manned aerial photography.
  • the aerial photography of drones is usually carried out by using a camera such as a camera or a camera.
  • the photographing device is mounted on the body of the drone, and is carried by the drone in the air.
  • the above-mentioned drones and photographing devices may have a certain degree of shaking due to the flow of air during the aerial photography, which affects the photographing quality of the photographing device.
  • the photographing device is inevitably contaminated by contaminants, and if the contaminants enter the photographing device, the performance of the photographing device may be affected, and even the The camera is damaged.
  • An optical housing for use in an imaging module.
  • the optical housing includes: an assembly for connecting to a drone having the imaging module; and a lens assembly disposed on the mounting member and capable of covering an imaging mold of the drone The group is such that the optical cover encloses the imaging module to protect the imaging module.
  • the lens assembly includes an optical lens, and when the lens assembly covers the imaging module, the optical lens is disposed on a lens of the imaging module to enable light to pass through the optical lens The lens of the imaging module.
  • an anti-fog layer is disposed on the optical lens.
  • the anti-fog layer is an electrothermal anti-fog layer.
  • the anti-fog layer is a nano anti-fog film.
  • the anti-fog layer is an anti-fog coating.
  • the anti-fog layer is disposed on both sides of the optical lens.
  • the anti-fog layer is disposed on a side of the optical lens facing the imaging module;
  • the anti-fog layer is disposed on a side of the optical lens that faces away from the imaging module.
  • the optical lens is provided with a light transmission adjusting layer, and the light transmission adjusting layer can adjust the light transmittance of the light according to the intensity of the ambient light to control the light intensity of the imaging module.
  • the light transmission adjusting layer includes a photosensitizer capable of generating a photochemical reaction according to the intensity of ambient light, so that the light transmission adjusting layer adjusts its own light transmittance.
  • the light transmission adjusting layer is a lens doped with the photosensitizer.
  • the light transmission adjusting layer is at least one of an aluminoborosilicate glass lens, a borosilicate glass lens, a borate glass lens or a phosphate glass lens.
  • the light transmission adjusting layer is disposed on both sides of the optical lens
  • the light transmission adjusting layer is disposed on a side of the optical lens facing the imaging module;
  • the light transmission adjustment layer is disposed on a side of the optical lens facing away from the imaging module.
  • the optical lens comprises at least two filters, at least two of which are movably connected to the mounting member, respectively.
  • each of the filters is movable relative to the mounting member to the front of the lens of the imaging module to enable the imaging module Get different styles of images.
  • the optical housing further includes an adjusting member coupled to the at least two of the filters and configured to drive the filter to move relative to the mounting member.
  • the adjusting member is an adjusting knob
  • the adjusting knob is disposed on the mounting member, and by rotating the adjusting knob, the filter movement can be driven to replace the lens located in front of the imaging module. Filter.
  • the optical housing further includes a controller electrically connected to the adjusting member and configured to control the adjusting member to drive the filter movement to replace after receiving the command to replace the filter A filter located in front of the lens of the imaging module.
  • optical lens is a laminated structure.
  • At least two of the filters are movably connected to each other and are respectively movable to a state of being superposed on each other.
  • an antireflection film is disposed on the optical lens.
  • the antireflection film is disposed on both sides of the optical lens.
  • the antireflection film is disposed on a side of the optical lens facing the imaging module.
  • the antireflection film is disposed on a side of the optical lens facing away from the imaging module.
  • the optical lens is provided with a hardened film to enhance the hardness and wear resistance of the optical lens.
  • the hardened film is disposed between the optical lens and the antireflection film.
  • an anti-oil film is disposed on the optical lens to prevent erosion or contamination of the optical lens oil.
  • the oil repellent film is disposed on a side of the optical lens facing away from the imaging module, and is located on a side of the antireflection film facing away from the hard film.
  • oil-repellent film is provided with a hydrophobic coating for preventing water droplets on the optical lens from affecting the imaging quality of the imaging module.
  • a protective film layer is disposed on the optical lens to prevent the optical lens from being corroded, worn or scratched.
  • the mounting member and the lens assembly are integrally formed.
  • the mounting member and the lens assembly are in a split structure, and the lens assembly is detachably mounted on the mounting member.
  • the mounting member is detachably mounted on the drone.
  • the mounting member is provided with an installation identifier to allow the imaging module to identify, by the installation identifier, whether the mounting member covers the imaging module.
  • the installation identifier is a two-dimensional code or a barcode, and the installation identifier is disposed on a side of the mounting member facing the imaging module.
  • the mounting member is made of a black opaque material.
  • the mounting member can be flipped relative to the housing of the drone so that the optical housing can cover the imaging module or expose the imaging module to the air.
  • a photographing device applied to a drone includes: an imaging module connectable to the drone; and an optical cover.
  • the optical cover includes: a mounting member for connecting to the drone; and a lens assembly disposed on the mounting member and capable of covering an imaging module of the drone to enable The optical cover encloses the imaging module to protect the imaging module.
  • the photographing device further includes a stabilizing mechanism disposed between the imaging module and the drone to stabilize the imaging module and to adjust the imaging The shooting posture of the module.
  • the optical cover when the optical cover is connected to the drone through the mounting member, the optical cover covers the imaging module and the stabilizing mechanism, and the imaging module and the adding Stable organization for protection.
  • the mounting member is provided with an installation identifier to allow the imaging module to identify, by the installation identifier, whether the mounting member covers the imaging module.
  • the photographing device further includes a controller, and the controller controls the stabilizing mechanism to drive the movement of the imaging module to start the lens orientation of the imaging module.
  • the direction of the installation indicator scans, when the lens of the imaging module recognizes that the installation identifier exists, the controller sets the rotation range of the stabilization mechanism to drive the imaging module to a preset range.
  • the installation identifier is a two-dimensional code or a barcode, and the installation identifier is disposed on a side of the mounting member facing the imaging module.
  • the mounting member is made of a black opaque material.
  • connection between the mounting member and the drone is a sealed connection.
  • the stabilizing mechanism is a stabilization pan/tilt.
  • the stabilizing mechanism is a three-axis stabilization gimbal.
  • the photographing device further includes a shock absorbing mechanism disposed between the stabilizing mechanism and the drone.
  • the imaging module is a camera or a camera.
  • the lens assembly includes an optical lens, and when the lens assembly covers the imaging module, the optical lens is disposed on a lens of the imaging module to enable light to pass through the optical lens The lens of the imaging module.
  • an anti-fog layer is disposed on the optical lens.
  • the anti-fog layer is an electrothermal anti-fog layer.
  • the anti-fog layer is a nano anti-fog film.
  • the anti-fog layer is an anti-fog coating.
  • the anti-fog layer is disposed on both sides of the optical lens.
  • the anti-fog layer is disposed on a side of the optical lens facing the imaging module;
  • the anti-fog layer is disposed on a side of the optical lens that faces away from the imaging module.
  • the optical lens is provided with a light transmission adjusting layer, and the light transmission adjusting layer can adjust the light transmittance of the light according to the intensity of the ambient light to control the light intensity of the imaging module.
  • the light transmission adjusting layer includes a photosensitizer capable of generating a photochemical reaction according to the intensity of ambient light, so that the light transmission adjusting layer adjusts its own light transmittance.
  • the light transmission adjusting layer is a lens doped with the photosensitizer.
  • the light transmission adjusting layer is at least one of an aluminoborosilicate glass lens, a borosilicate glass lens, a borate glass lens or a phosphate glass lens.
  • the light transmission adjusting layer is disposed on both sides of the optical lens
  • the light transmission adjusting layer is disposed on a side of the optical lens facing the imaging module;
  • the light transmission adjustment layer is disposed on a side of the optical lens facing away from the imaging module.
  • the optical lens comprises at least two filters, at least two of which are movably connected to the mounting member, respectively.
  • each of the filters is movable relative to the mounting member to the front of the lens of the imaging module to enable the imaging module Get different styles of images.
  • the optical housing further includes an adjusting member coupled to the at least two of the filters and configured to drive the filter to move relative to the mounting member.
  • the adjusting member is an adjusting knob
  • the adjusting knob is disposed on the mounting member, and by rotating the adjusting knob, the filter movement can be driven to replace the lens located in front of the imaging module. Filter.
  • the optical housing further includes a controller electrically connected to the adjusting member and configured to control the adjusting member to drive the filter movement to replace after receiving the command to replace the filter A filter located in front of the lens of the imaging module.
  • optical lens is a laminated structure.
  • At least two of the filters are movably connected to each other and are respectively movable to a state of being superposed on each other.
  • an antireflection film is disposed on the optical lens.
  • the antireflection film is disposed on both sides of the optical lens.
  • the antireflection film is disposed on a side of the optical lens facing the imaging module.
  • the antireflection film is disposed on a side of the optical lens facing away from the imaging module.
  • the optical lens is provided with a hardened film to enhance the hardness and wear resistance of the optical lens.
  • the hardened film is disposed between the optical lens and the antireflection film.
  • an anti-oil film is disposed on the optical lens to prevent erosion or contamination of the optical lens oil.
  • the oil repellent film is disposed on a side of the optical lens facing away from the imaging module, and is located on a side of the antireflection film facing away from the hard film.
  • oil-repellent film is provided with a hydrophobic coating for preventing water droplets on the optical lens from affecting the imaging quality of the imaging module.
  • a protective film layer is disposed on the optical lens to prevent the optical lens from being corroded, worn or scratched.
  • the mounting member and the lens assembly are integrally formed.
  • the mounting member and the lens assembly are in a split structure, and the lens assembly is detachably mounted on the mounting member.
  • the mounting member is detachably mounted on the drone.
  • the mounting member can be flipped relative to the housing of the drone so that the optical housing can cover the imaging module or expose the imaging module to the air.
  • a drone includes a body and a photographing device coupled to the body.
  • the photographing device includes: an imaging module coupled to the body; and an optical cover.
  • the optical housing includes: a mounting member coupled to the body; and a lens assembly disposed on the mounting member and covering the imaging module such that the optical housing encloses the imaging module Group to protect the imaging module.
  • the drone is an unmanned aerial vehicle, and the drone further includes a power system disposed on the fuselage, the power system providing flight power to the drone.
  • the power system includes a rotor assembly and an electronic governor, the rotor assembly including a motor and a propeller disposed on the motor, the electronic governor being coupled to the motor.
  • the drone includes a flight controller and an inertial measurement unit electrically connected to the flight controller, the inertial measurement unit is configured to detect a posture of the drone to allow the flight controller to The attitude controls the drone to fly.
  • the lens assembly includes an optical lens, and when the lens assembly covers the imaging module, the optical lens is disposed on a lens of the imaging module to enable light to pass through the optical lens The lens of the imaging module.
  • an anti-fog layer is disposed on the optical lens.
  • the anti-fog layer is an electrothermal anti-fog layer.
  • the anti-fog layer is a nano anti-fog film.
  • the anti-fog layer is an anti-fog coating.
  • the anti-fog layer is disposed on both sides of the optical lens.
  • the anti-fog layer is disposed on a side of the optical lens facing the imaging module;
  • the anti-fog layer is disposed on a side of the optical lens that faces away from the imaging module.
  • the optical lens is provided with a light transmission adjusting layer, and the light transmission adjusting layer can adjust the light transmittance of the light according to the intensity of the ambient light to control the light intensity of the imaging module.
  • the light transmission adjusting layer includes a photosensitizer capable of generating a photochemical reaction according to the intensity of ambient light, so that the light transmission adjusting layer adjusts its own light transmittance.
  • the light transmission adjusting layer is a lens doped with the photosensitizer.
  • the light transmission adjusting layer is at least one of an aluminoborosilicate glass lens, a borosilicate glass lens, a borate glass lens or a phosphate glass lens.
  • the light transmission adjusting layer is disposed on both sides of the optical lens
  • the light transmission adjusting layer is disposed on a side of the optical lens facing the imaging module;
  • the light transmission adjustment layer is disposed on a side of the optical lens facing away from the imaging module.
  • the optical lens comprises at least two filters, at least two of which are movably connected to the mounting member, respectively.
  • each of the filters is movable relative to the mounting member to the front of the lens of the imaging module to enable the imaging module Get different styles of images.
  • the optical housing further includes an adjusting member coupled to the at least two of the filters and configured to drive the filter to move relative to the mounting member.
  • the adjusting member is an adjusting knob
  • the adjusting knob is disposed on the mounting member, and by rotating the adjusting knob, the filter movement can be driven to replace the lens located in front of the imaging module. Filter.
  • the optical housing further includes a controller electrically connected to the adjusting member and configured to control the adjusting member to drive the filter movement to replace after receiving the command to replace the filter A filter located in front of the lens of the imaging module.
  • optical lens is a laminated structure.
  • At least two of the filters are movably connected to each other and are respectively movable to a state of being superposed on each other.
  • an antireflection film is disposed on the optical lens.
  • the antireflection film is disposed on both sides of the optical lens.
  • the antireflection film is disposed on a side of the optical lens facing the imaging module.
  • the antireflection film is disposed on a side of the optical lens facing away from the imaging module.
  • the optical lens is provided with a hardened film to enhance the hardness and wear resistance of the optical lens.
  • the hardened film is disposed between the optical lens and the antireflection film.
  • an anti-oil film is disposed on the optical lens to prevent erosion or contamination of the optical lens oil.
  • the oil repellent film is disposed on a side of the optical lens facing away from the imaging module, and is located on a side of the antireflection film facing away from the hard film.
  • oil-repellent film is provided with a hydrophobic coating for preventing water droplets on the optical lens from affecting the imaging quality of the imaging module.
  • a protective film layer is disposed on the optical lens to prevent the optical lens from being corroded, worn or scratched.
  • the mounting member and the lens assembly are integrally formed.
  • the mounting member and the lens assembly are in a split structure, and the lens assembly is detachably mounted on the mounting member.
  • the mounting member is detachably mounted on the drone.
  • the mounting member can be flipped relative to the housing of the drone so that the optical housing can cover the imaging module or expose the imaging module to the air.
  • the photographing device further includes a stabilizing mechanism disposed between the imaging module and the drone to stabilize the imaging module and to adjust the imaging The shooting posture of the module.
  • the optical cover when the optical cover is connected to the drone through the mounting member, the optical cover covers the imaging module and the stabilizing mechanism, and the imaging module and the adding Stable organization for protection.
  • the mounting member is provided with an installation identifier to allow the imaging module to identify, by the installation identifier, whether the mounting member covers the imaging module.
  • the photographing device further includes a controller, and the controller controls the stabilizing mechanism to drive the movement of the imaging module to start the lens orientation of the imaging module.
  • the direction of the installation indicator scans, when the lens of the imaging module recognizes that the installation identifier exists, the controller sets the rotation range of the stabilization mechanism to drive the imaging module to a preset range.
  • the installation identifier is a two-dimensional code or a barcode, and the installation identifier is disposed on a side of the mounting member facing the imaging module.
  • the mounting member is made of a black opaque material.
  • connection between the mounting member and the drone is a sealed connection.
  • the stabilizing mechanism is a stabilization pan/tilt.
  • the stabilizing mechanism is a three-axis stabilization gimbal.
  • the photographing device further includes a shock absorbing mechanism disposed between the stabilizing mechanism and the drone.
  • the imaging module is a camera or a camera.
  • the optical cover is applied to the UAV, and covers and covers the imaging module, and the optical cover forms a cover for the imaging module to prevent the wind from causing the imaging module. Shaking while avoiding contaminants such as water mist or dust in the air entering the imaging module.
  • FIG. 1 is a front elevational view showing a drone and an image pickup apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a side view of the drone and the photographing device shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a front elevational view of the shock absorbing mechanism and the photographing device of the drone shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of the damper mechanism and the photographing device shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the damper mechanism and the photographing device shown in FIG.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the damper mechanism and the imaging device of Figure 3 taken along line VI-VI.
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged schematic view of a region VII of the optical housing of the camera of Figure 6 in a particular embodiment.
  • Figure 8 is an enlarged schematic view of a region VII of the optical enclosure of Figure 6 in another embodiment.
  • Figure 9 is an enlarged schematic view of a region VII of the optical enclosure of Figure 6 in yet another embodiment.
  • Figure 10 is an enlarged schematic view of a region VII of the optical enclosure of Figure 6 in yet another embodiment.
  • Figure 11 is a side elevational view of the shock absorbing mechanism and the photographing apparatus of Figure 3 in another embodiment.
  • Unmanned aerial vehicle 500 body Rotor assembly 530 Motor 531 propeller 533 Damping mechanism 550 Connector 551 Receiving piece 553 Shock absorber 555 Camera 200 Imaging module 210 Stabilizing mechanism 230 Optical cover 100 Mounting parts 10 Installation department 12 Lens assembly 30 Optical lenses 32 Anti-fog layer 3211 Light transmission adjustment layer 3213 Antireflection coating 3215,3223 Hard film 3221 Oil film 3225 Hydrophobic coating 3227 Filter 321 Clamping department 3210 Adjustment piece 50 Holder 52
  • a component when referred to as being “fixed” to another component, it can be directly on the other component or the component can be present.
  • a component When a component is considered to "connect” another component, it can be directly connected to another component or possibly a central component.
  • a component When a component is considered to be “set to” another component, it can be placed directly on another component or possibly with a centered component.
  • the terms “vertical,” “horizontal,” “left,” “right,” and the like, as used herein, are for illustrative purposes only.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide an optical housing for use in an imaging module.
  • the optical cover includes: a mounting member for connecting to the drone having the imaging module; and a lens assembly disposed on the mounting member and capable of covering the imaging module of the drone The optical cover is wrapped around the imaging module to protect the imaging module.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides an imaging device applied to a drone.
  • the photographing device includes: an imaging module connectable to the drone; and an optical cover.
  • the optical cover includes: an assembly for connecting to the drone; and a lens assembly disposed on the mounting member and capable of covering an imaging module of the drone to enable the An optical cover encloses the imaging module to protect the imaging module.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a drone, comprising a body and a photographing device connected to the body.
  • the photographing device includes: an imaging module coupled to the body; and an optical cover.
  • the optical housing includes: a mounting member coupled to the body; and a lens assembly disposed on the mounting member and covering the imaging module such that the optical housing encloses the imaging module Group to protect the imaging module.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a drone, which may be, but is not limited to, an unmanned aerial vehicle, an unmanned vehicle, or an unmanned ship.
  • the UAV is exemplified by an unmanned aerial vehicle 500.
  • the UAV 500 includes a body 510 and a power system disposed on the body 510.
  • the UAV 500 is used to mount the imaging device 200 to perform an aerial photography operation.
  • the UAV 500 is a rotorcraft and the powertrain is a rotor assembly 530.
  • the UAV 500 is a quadrotor, ie, an aircraft having four rotor assemblies 530.
  • the rotor assembly 530 includes a motor 531 and a propeller 533 coupled to the motor 531.
  • the motor 531 is capable of driving the propeller 533 to rotate to provide the unmanned aerial vehicle 500 with the power to fly.
  • the UAV 500 can also be a six-rotor aircraft, an eight-rotor aircraft, a twelve-rotor aircraft, etc., and even the UAV 500 can be a single-rotor aircraft; in addition, in other embodiments, the UAV 500 The UAV 500 can be a fixed wing aircraft, or a fixed wing-rotor hybrid aircraft.
  • the UAV 500 further includes a main controller, an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), and an electronic governor.
  • IMU Inertial Measurement Unit
  • the main controller and the inertial measurement unit are integrated.
  • the main controller may be a flight controller for controlling flight operations of the UAV 500 as a whole, including flight speed, flight attitude, etc., and also for controlling the photographing device 200 to perform a photographing operation.
  • the inertial measurement unit is electrically connected to the main controller for detecting the attitude of the UAV 500.
  • the electronic governor is disposed on the body 510 and electrically connected to the main controller and the inertial measurement unit. The electronic governor can adjust the rotational speed of the motor 531 under the control of the main controller.
  • the electronic governor may be multiple, and the plurality of electronic governors are respectively connected to one of the motors 531 of the rotor assembly 530, and used to adjust the rotational speed of the motor 531 to The flight speed and flight attitude of the UAV 500 are adjusted.
  • the photographing device 200 is connected to the body 510.
  • the imaging device 200 includes an imaging module 210 and an optical housing 100.
  • the imaging module 210 is coupled to the body 510.
  • the optical cover 100 is disposed on the body 510 and is disposed outside the imaging module 210 to protect the imaging module 210 from the outer cover, thereby preventing the wind from causing the imaging module 210. Shaking while avoiding contaminants such as water mist or dust in the air entering the imaging module 210.
  • the imaging module 210 can be an image acquisition device such as a camera or a camera.
  • the UAV 500 may further include a damper mechanism 550 disposed on the body 510 and the imaging Between modules 210.
  • the damper mechanism 550 is disposed in the body 510 for mitigating the shock impact of the UAV 500 on the imaging module 210 during flight.
  • the damper mechanism 550 includes a connecting member 551, a receiving member 553, and a damper member 555.
  • the connecting member 551 is connected to the body 510 , and the receiving member 553 is substantially parallel to the connecting member 551 , and the shock absorbing member 555 is disposed between the connecting member 551 and the receiving member 553 . .
  • the receiving member 553 is used to mount the imaging module 210.
  • the damper member 555 is a damper ball, and the number thereof is plural.
  • a plurality of the damper members 555 are disposed substantially symmetrically between the connecting member 551 and the receiving member 553.
  • the shock absorbing member 555 is a rubber shock absorbing ball. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the shock absorbing member 555 can also be other shock absorbing structures, such as a damper spring, a damper damper, and the like.
  • the imaging device 200 may further include a stabilization mechanism 230.
  • the stabilizing mechanism 230 is disposed between the damper mechanism 550 and the imaging module 210.
  • the stabilizing mechanism 230 is a stabilizing pan/tilt.
  • the stabilizing mechanism 230 is a three-axis stabilizing pan/tilt.
  • the stabilizing mechanism 230 is coupled to the receiving member 553.
  • the imaging module 210 is disposed on an end shaft of the stabilizing mechanism 230. By controlling the movement of the stabilization mechanism 230, the shooting attitude of the imaging module 210 can be adjusted.
  • the optical housing 100 is disposed on the body 510 and houses the imaging module 210 and the stabilization mechanism 230 therein.
  • the optical housing 100 includes an assembly 10 and a lens assembly 30.
  • the mounting member 10 is coupled to the body 510, the lens assembly 30 is movably mounted on the mounting member 10, and the lens assembly 30 is The mounting member 10 is configured to collectively receive the imaging module 210 and the stabilizing mechanism 230.
  • the mounting member 10 is made of an opaque material for carrying the lens assembly 30.
  • the mounting member 10 is rotatably coupled to the body 510.
  • the mounting member 10 is connected to the body 510 via a hinge structure (not shown) such as a pivot, so that the mounting member 10 can be opposed to the body by an external force.
  • the 510 is flipped open to rotate the lens assembly 30 relative to the body 510, so that the optical cover 100 covers the imaging module 210 and the stabilization mechanism 230, or the imaging module is 210 and the stabilizing mechanism 230 are exposed to the air.
  • the mounting member 10 is detachably mounted on the body 510, so that the user can detach the optical cover 100 from the UAV 500 according to actual needs, or the optical cover is 100 is mounted to the UAV 500.
  • the mounting member 10 is a housing made of a black opaque material, so that the mounting member 10 can be used as a hood of the imaging module 210 to block an unnecessary environment. Light, and avoiding spots or reflections during imaging of the imaging module 210, thereby ensuring imaging quality of the imaging module 210. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the mounting member 10 can be made of a transparent material, and the mounting member 10 can also be integrally formed with the lens assembly 30.
  • the mounting member 10 includes a mounting portion 12 for connecting the body 510.
  • the mounting portion 12 is provided with a sealing structure (not shown) for achieving a sealed connection between the mounting member 10 and the body 510.
  • the sealing structure may be a sealing ring, a sealing groove or the like.
  • a mounting identifier (not shown) is further disposed on a side of the mounting member 10 facing the imaging module 210, and the mounting identifier is used to identify the optical housing 100 at the photographing device.
  • the mounting state on the 200 is such that the stabilizing mechanism 230 adjusts the shooting angle range of the imaging module 210 according to the installation state of the optical housing 100.
  • the installation identifier is a two-dimensional code sprayed on the mounting member 10, and the mounting identifier is disposed adjacent to the lens of the imaging module 210, and is opposite to the imaging module 210. And the direction of the stabilizing mechanism 230 is fixed.
  • the photographing device 200 may further include a controller (not shown).
  • the controller controls the stabilizing mechanism 230 to first drive the imaging module 210 to move.
  • the lens of the imaging module 210 is scanned in a direction in which the installation identifier is disposed.
  • the controller determines that the optical housing 100 has been The imaging module 210 is covered. Therefore, in order to prevent the imaging module 210 from ingesting the mounting member 10 during operation, the controller controls the stabilization mechanism 230 to set the driving of the imaging.
  • the limit rotation angle of the module 210 or the controller sets the limit rotation angle of the imaging module 210 by the stabilization mechanism 230, so that the imaging module 210 is limited to a certain time during shooting. Rotation within the range such that the mounting member 10 does not appear in the field of view of the lens of the imaging module 210.
  • the above-mentioned limit rotation angle is a preset range set by the controller according to actual needs.
  • the imaging module 210 Since the photographing device 200 has the above-described detection determination process, the imaging module 210 does not ingest the mounting member during operation. In the meantime, if the size of the optical cover 100 is small, it is unsuitable for the stabilization mechanism 230 to drive the imaging module 210 to perform 360° rotation imaging. By limiting the limit rotation angle of the imaging module 210, The imaging module 210 is prevented from colliding with the optical housing 100. Therefore, the optical housing 100 is advantageously designed to achieve a miniaturization design, and the imaging module 210 can be prevented from colliding with the optical housing 100, thereby implementing the imaging module 210. protection.
  • the installation identifier may be an identification code or an identification identifier other than the two-dimensional code.
  • the installation identifier may be a barcode or a token composed of predetermined symbols.
  • the installation identifier is disposed directly below the imaging module 210. It can be understood that the installation identifier can also be disposed on the left, right, rear, or other of the imaging module 210. Suitable locations are not limited to this embodiment.
  • the lens assembly 30 is movably mounted on the mounting member 10 and is made of a light transmissive material to allow ambient light to pass through the lens assembly 30 into the lens of the imaging module 210.
  • the lens assembly 30 includes an optical lens 32.
  • the optical lens 32 is disposed against the lens of the imaging module 210.
  • the optical lens 32 is an anti-fog lens.
  • the optical lens 32 is provided with an anti-fog layer 3211.
  • the anti-fog layer 3211 can prevent water vapor in the air from condensing and adhering to the optical lens 32 to ensure imaging of the imaging module 210.
  • the anti-fog layer 3211 is an electrothermal anti-fog layer. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the anti-fog layer 3211 may be a nano anti-fog film covering the surface of the optical lens 32, and may also be an anti-fog coating applied to the surface of the optical lens 32. Floor.
  • the anti-fog layer 3211 is disposed on a side of the optical lens 32 that faces away from the imaging module 210. It can be understood that, in other embodiments, the anti-fog layer 3211 may be disposed on a side of the optical lens 32 facing the imaging module 210, or both sides of the optical lens 32 are disposed.
  • the anti-fog layer 3211 is not limited to being described in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the optical lens 32 is provided with a light transmission adjusting layer 3213 , and the light transmission adjusting layer 3213 can adjust its own penetration according to the intensity of the ambient light. Light rate to control the intensity of light entering the imaging module 210.
  • the light transmission adjusting layer 3213 is a photochromic glass or a photochromic lens, which is specifically a glass or lens doped with a photosensitizer.
  • the photochromic glass or lens may be an aluminoborosilicate glass lens doped with a photosensitizer, a borosilicate glass lens, a borate glass lens or a phosphate glass lens or the like.
  • the photosensitizer is a silver halide, and the silver halide may be AgCl, AgBr or AgI.
  • the light transmission adjusting layer is discolored, and its own light transmittance decreases as the incident light intensity increases, that is, when the light is strong, the The color of the light-transmitting adjustment layer 3213 is reduced to a low light transmittance; and when the incident light is weak, the light-transmitting adjustment layer 3213 returns to its original transparent state to reach the maximum light transmittance.
  • the light transmission adjusting layer 3213 is disposed on a side of the optical lens 32 facing away from the imaging module 210.
  • the light transmission adjusting layer 3213 may be disposed on a side of the optical lens 32 facing the imaging module 210, or both sides of the optical lens 32 are disposed.
  • the light transmission adjusting layer 3213 is not limited to the one described in the embodiment of the present invention. It can also be understood that the light transmission adjusting layer 3213 can be omitted, and the optical lens 32 itself has photochromic properties.
  • the optical lens 32 can directly be the photochromic glass described above. Or photochromic lenses, etc.
  • the optical lens 32 is provided with an anti-reflection film 3215 for increasing ambient light entering the optical housing 100.
  • the intensity of the imaging module 210 is more clearly imaged.
  • the anti-reflection films 3215 are respectively disposed on both sides of the optical lens 32. It can be understood that, in practical applications, the anti-reflection film 3215 may also be disposed only on one side of the optical lens 32. Specifically, the anti-reflection film 3215 may be disposed on the optical lens 32 toward the imaging mode. One side of the group 210; or the anti-reflection film 3215 may be disposed on a side of the optical lens 32 facing away from the imaging module 210, and is not limited to the embodiment.
  • the optical lens 32 may further be provided with a protective film layer (not shown) to prevent the optical lens 32 from being corroded, worn or scratched, so that the optical The outer cover 100 is more durable.
  • the protective film layer may be disposed on a side of the anti-reflection film 3215 facing away from the optical lens 32.
  • the optical lens 32 is provided with a hardened film 3221 and an anti-reflection film 3223.
  • the hardened film 3221 is used to enhance the hardness and wear resistance of the optical lens 32 to prevent the optical lens 32 from being scratched or damaged by collision, thereby protecting the imaging module 210.
  • the anti-reflection film 3223 is used to increase the incident intensity of ambient light entering the optical enclosure 100, so that the imaging module 210 is more clearly imaged.
  • the hardened film 3221 is two layers, and two layers of the hardened film 3221 are respectively disposed on two sides of the optical lens 32; the antireflection film 3223 is also two layers. Each of the anti-reflection films 3223 is disposed on a side of the hardened film 3221 facing away from the optical lens 32.
  • the optical lens 32 is further provided with an oil-repellent film 3225 for preventing the optical lens 32 from being corroded or contaminated by oil, grease, sebum or the like, so that the optical lens 32 is caused.
  • the grease-proof film 3225 is located on a side of the optical lens 32 that faces away from the imaging module 210.
  • the oil repellent film 3225 covers the antireflection film 3223 and is located on a side of the antireflection film 3223 facing away from the hard film 3221.
  • the anti-oil film 3225 is disposed on the optical lens 32, the user is prevented from leaving a fingerprint on the optical lens 32 when taking the optical lens 32 or the optical housing 100, thereby The optical lens 32 is kept in a clean state.
  • the oil repellent film 3225 is provided with a hydrophobic coating 3227 for preventing water droplets on the optical lens 32 from affecting the imaging quality of the imaging module 210.
  • the hydrophobic coating 3227 is disposed on a side of the grease-repellent film 3225 that faces away from the anti-reflection film 3223.
  • water droplets may agglomerate on the oil-repellent film 3225 and flow down due to the presence of the hydrophobic coating 3227, without adhering to the grease-proof film. 3225, thereby keeping the optical lens 32 in a clean state.
  • any one of the above-mentioned anti-fog layer 3211, light-transmitting adjustment layer 3213, anti-reflection film 3215, 3223, protective film layer, hardened film 3221, oil-repellent film 3225, and hydrophobic coating 3227 The film layers can be separately applied to the optical lens 32, and the film layer can be disposed on either side of the optical lens 32 according to actual needs, thereby achieving optical performance of the optical lens 32;
  • the combination of any of the above-mentioned anti-fog layer 3211, light-transmitting adjustment layer 3213, anti-reflection film 3215, 3223, protective film layer, hard film 3221, anti-oil film 3225 and hydrophobic coating 3227 can be simultaneously applied.
  • the position and order of lamination on the optical lens 32 and the combination of a plurality of the film layers on the optical lens 32 can be determined according to actual needs.
  • the optical lens 32 includes a plurality of filters 321 , and a plurality of the filters 321 are respectively movably connected to the mounting member 10 .
  • the filter performance of each of the filters 321 is different from each other.
  • one or more of the plurality of filters may be adjusted to the lens facing the imaging module 210 as needed to make The imaging module acquires images of different styles. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the number of the filters 321 may be two or more, and is not limited to the embodiment.
  • the optical lens 32 is a laminated structure, and the plurality of the filters 321 are movably connected to each other, and each of the filters 321 is movably connected to the mounting member 10 .
  • a plurality of the filters 321 can be respectively moved to a state of being superposed on each other.
  • Each of the filters 321 is a partial spherical structure to prevent motion interference when one of the filters 321 is rotated relative to the other filters 321 or the mounting member 10.
  • the optical cover 100 further includes an adjusting member 50 , and the adjusting member 50 is disposed on the mounting member 10 and is respectively connected to the plurality of the filters 321 .
  • the filter 321 By operating the adjusting member 50, the filter 321 can be rotated relative to the mounting member 10.
  • the adjusting member 50 is an adjusting knob, and the adjusting knob is movably disposed on the mounting member 10. By rotating the adjusting knob, the filter 321 can be driven to move.
  • the adjustment knob includes a holding portion 52 for holding the filter 321 that needs to be rotated, and driving the filter 321 to rotate.
  • a plurality of the filter 321 are rotatably connected to the mounting member 10 and disposed in a stack adjacent to the adjusting knob, and each of the filters 321 is disposed with the latching portion 52. Corresponding engaging portion 3210.
  • the adjusting knob is movable relative to the mounting member 10 in the direction of its own axis, so that the engaging portion 52 is engaged with the engaging portion 3210 on the different filter 321 and then is externally biased.
  • the adjustment knob rotates about its own axis to drive the desired filter 321 to rotate to the front of the lens of the imaging module 210.
  • the holding portion 52 and the engaging portion 3210 are toothed structures that are fitted to each other.
  • the engaging portion 52 and the engaging portion 3210 may be a mating engaging arm and an engaging groove structure, etc., and are not limited to the embodiment.
  • the structure of the adjusting member 50 can also be a structure other than the adjusting knob.
  • the adjusting member 50 can be a button structure.
  • any one of the above-mentioned anti-fog layer 3211, light-transmitting adjustment layer 3213, anti-reflection film 3215, 3223, protective film layer, hardened film 3221, oil-repellent film 3225, and hydrophobic coating 3227 The seed layer or a combination of any of a plurality of film layers may be applied to any one or more of the plurality of filters 321 described above. When any one or more of the film layers are applied to any one or more of the filters 321, the position and order of lamination of the combination of the film layers on the filter 321 can be determined according to actual needs.
  • the optical cover 100 may further include a controller (not shown), and the controller is electrically connected to the adjusting member 50. And for controlling the adjusting member 50 to drive the filter 321 to move to replace the filter 321 located in front of the lens of the imaging module 210.
  • the controller is configured to receive a control instruction of the user, and control the adjustment member 50 to move along its own axis direction according to the instruction to select a filter 321 required by the user, and then the controller controls the The adjusting member 50 rotates to drive the filter 321 required by the user to rotate in front of the lens of the imaging module 210, so that the user can conveniently replace the filter even in the process of flying the UAV 500.
  • the filter can be replaced by a control command, which improves the convenience of operation and user experience.
  • the mounting member 10 and the lens assembly 30 are of a split structure, and the lens assembly 30 is detachably mounted on the mounting member 10 to enable the
  • the optical housing 100 can be flexibly set according to user needs.
  • the mounting member 10 and the lens assembly 30 can be an integrally formed structure, which makes the optical housing 100 more integral and facilitates the appearance structure of the imaging device 200. optimization.
  • the mounting member 10 can be made of a transparent material.
  • the optical housing 100 is applied to the UAV 500 and is disposed outside the imaging module 210 and covers the imaging module 210.
  • the optical housing 100 is opposite to the imaging module.
  • the 210 constitutes a protection of the outer cover, thereby preventing the wind from causing the imaging module 210 to shake, while avoiding contaminants such as water mist or dust in the air from entering the imaging module 210. Therefore, the photographing device 200 using the optical housing 100 can avoid adverse effects from external environmental factors during shooting, improve the imaging quality of the photographing device 200, and extend the life of the photographing device 200.
  • the imaging device adopting the optical cover is not limited to application in an unmanned aerial vehicle, and can be applied to other drones or remotely controlled mobile devices such as unmanned vehicles and unmanned ships. One by one.

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Abstract

一种光学外罩(100)及使用该光学外罩(100)的拍摄装置(200)和无人机。光学外罩(100)包括：装设件(10)，用于连接于具有成像模组(210)的无人机；以及镜片组件(30)，设置在装设件(10)上，并能够罩所述无人机的成像模组(210)，以使光学外罩(100)包覆成像模组(210)以对成像模组(210)进行保护。

Description

光学外罩及使用该光学外罩的拍摄装置和无人机 技术领域
本发明涉及航拍领域，特别涉及一种光学外罩及使用该光学外罩的拍摄装置和无人机。
背景技术
随着科技的发展，空中摄影技术渐兴，其中，无人机航拍技术由于其成本较载人航拍更低且更为安全，逐渐得到摄影师的青睐。无人机航拍工作通常采用飞行器搭载摄影机、照相机等拍摄装置进行拍摄。在传统的无人机航拍中，所述拍摄装置挂载在所述无人机的机身上，并由所述无人机搭载在空中飞行。然而，上述的无人机及拍摄装置在航拍过程中，会因为空气流动而产生一定程度的晃动，影响所述拍摄装置的拍摄质量。同时，由于空气中存在水雾或尘土等污染物，所述拍摄装置难免受到污染物的污染，若污染物进入到所述拍摄装置内，还会影响所述拍摄装置的性能，甚至导致所述拍摄装置损坏。
发明内容
鉴于上述状况，有必要提供一种拍摄装置及其光学外罩，以避免航拍过程中所述拍摄装置受到外界环境因素的不利影响，还有必要提供一种使用该拍摄装置的无人机。
一种光学外罩，应用于成像模组。所述光学外罩包括：装设件，用于连接于具有所述成像模组的无人机；以及镜片组件，设置在所述装设件上，并能够罩设所述无人机的成像模组，以使所述光学外罩包覆所述成像模组以对所述成像模组进行保护。
进一步地，所述镜片组件包括光学镜片，所述镜片组件罩设所述成像模组时，所述光学镜片正对所述成像模组的镜头设置，以使光线能够透过所述光学镜片射入所述成像模组的镜头。
进一步地，所述光学镜片上设置有防雾层。
进一步地，所述防雾层为电热防雾层。
进一步地，所述防雾层为纳米防雾膜。
进一步地，所述防雾层为防雾涂层。
进一步地，所述防雾层设置在所述光学镜片的两侧。
进一步地，所述防雾层设置在所述光学镜片上朝向所述成像模组的一侧；
或者，所述防雾层设置在所述光学镜片上背离所述成像模组的一侧。
进一步地，所述光学镜片上设置有透光调节层，所述透光调节层能够根据环境光线的强弱调节自身的透光率，以控制射入成像模组的光线强度。
进一步地，所述透光调节层包括光敏剂，所述光敏剂能够根据环境光线的强弱产生光化学反应，使所述透光调节层调节自身的透光率。
进一步地，所述透光调节层为掺杂有所述光敏剂的镜片。
进一步地，所述透光调节层为铝硼硅酸盐玻璃镜片、硼硅酸盐玻璃镜片、硼酸盐玻璃镜片或者磷酸盐玻璃镜片中的至少一种。
进一步地，所述透光调节层设置在所述光学镜片的两侧；
或者，所述透光调节层设置在所述光学镜片上朝向所述成像模组的一侧；
或者，所述透光调节层设置在所述光学镜片上背离所述成像模组的一侧。
进一步地，所述光学镜片包括至少两个滤镜，至少两个所述滤镜分别能够活动地连接于所述装设件。
进一步地，至少两个所述滤镜的滤光性能互不相同，每个所述滤镜能够相对所述装设件运动至位于所述成像模组的镜头前，以使所述成像模组获取不同风格的图像。
进一步地，所述光学外罩还包括调节件，所述调节件与至少两个所述滤镜分别相连接，并用于驱动所述滤镜相对所述装设件运动。
进一步地，所述调节件为调节旋钮，所述调节旋钮设置在所述装设件上，通过旋转所述调节旋钮，能够驱动所述滤镜运动，以更换位于所述成像模组的镜头前的滤镜。
进一步地，所述光学外罩还包括控制器，所述控制器与所述调节件电连接，并用于在接收到更换滤镜的命令后，控制所述调节件驱动所述滤镜运动，以更换位于所述成像模组的镜头前的滤镜。
进一步地，所述光学镜片为层叠结构。
进一步地，至少两个所述滤镜彼此可活动地连接，并能够分别移动至呈相互叠置的状态。
进一步地，所述光学镜片上设置有增透膜。
进一步地，所述增透膜设置在所述光学镜片的两侧。
进一步地，所述增透膜设置在所述光学镜片上朝向所述成像模组的一侧。
进一步地，所述增透膜设置在所述光学镜片上背离所述成像模组的一侧。
进一步地，所述光学镜片上设置有加硬膜，以增强所述光学镜片的硬度和耐磨性。
进一步地，所述加硬膜设置在所述光学镜片与所述增透膜之间。
进一步地，所述光学镜片上设置有防油污膜，以防止所述光学镜片油质物侵蚀或污染。
进一步地，所述防油污膜设置在所述光学镜片背离所述成像模组的一侧，且位于所述增透膜背离所述加硬膜的一侧。
进一步地，所述防油污膜上设置有疏水涂层，所述疏水涂层用于防止所述光学镜片上凝聚有水滴影响所述成像模组的成像质量。
进一步地，所述光学镜片上设置有保护膜层，以防止所述光学镜片被腐蚀、磨损或刮伤。
进一步地，所述装设件与所述镜片组件为一体成型结构。
进一步地，所述装设件与所述镜片组件为分体式结构，所述镜片组件能够拆卸地装设在所述装设件上。
进一步地，所述装设件能够拆卸地装设在无人机上。
进一步地，所述装设件上设置有安装标识，以允许所述成像模组通过所述安装标识识别所述装设件是否罩设所述成像模组。
进一步地，所述安装标识为二维码或条形码，所述安装标识设置在所述安装件上朝向所述成像模组的一侧。
进一步地，所述装设件由黑色不透光材质制成。
进一步地，所述装设件能够相对所述无人机的壳体翻转，以使所述光学外罩能够罩设所述成像模组或者使所述成像模组裸露于空气中。
一种拍摄装置，应用于无人机。所述拍摄装置包括：成像模组，能够连接于所述无人机；以及光学外罩。所述光学外罩包括：装设件，用于连接于所述无人机；以及镜片组件，设置在所述装设件上，并能够罩设所述无人机的成像模组，以使所述光学外罩包覆所述成像模组以对所述成像模组进行保护。
进一步地，所述拍摄装置还包括增稳机构，所述增稳机构设置在所述成像模组与所述无人机之间，以对所述成像模组进行增稳并用于调整所述成像模组的拍摄姿态。
进一步地，所述光学外罩通过所述装设件连接所述无人机时，所述光学外罩包覆所述成像模组及所述增稳机构，并对所述成像模组及所述增稳机构进行保护。
进一步地，所述装设件上设置有安装标识，以允许所述成像模组通过所述安装标识识别所述装设件是否罩设所述成像模组。
进一步地，所述拍摄装置还包括控制器，所述拍摄装置开始工作时，所述控制器控制所述增稳机构驱动所述成像模组运动，使所述成像模组的镜头朝向设置有所述安装标识的方向扫描，当所述成像模组的镜头识别出所述安装标识存在时，所述控制器设定所述增稳机构驱动所述成像模组的转动范围为预设范围。
进一步地，所述安装标识为二维码或条形码，所述安装标识设置在所述安装件上朝向所述成像模组的一侧。
进一步地，所述装设件由黑色不透光材质制成。
进一步地，所述装设件与所述无人机之间的连接为密封连接。
进一步地，所述增稳机构为增稳云台。
进一步地，所述增稳机构为三轴增稳云台。
进一步地，所述拍摄装置还包括减震机构，所述减震机构设置在所述增稳机构与所述无人机之间。
进一步地，所述成像模组为摄像头或相机。
进一步地，所述镜片组件包括光学镜片，所述镜片组件罩设所述成像模组时，所述光学镜片正对所述成像模组的镜头设置，以使光线能够透过所述光学镜片射入所述成像模组的镜头。
进一步地，所述光学镜片上设置有防雾层。
进一步地，所述防雾层为电热防雾层。
进一步地，所述防雾层为纳米防雾膜。
进一步地，所述防雾层为防雾涂层。
进一步地，所述防雾层设置在所述光学镜片的两侧。
进一步地，所述防雾层设置在所述光学镜片上朝向所述成像模组的一侧；
或者，所述防雾层设置在所述光学镜片上背离所述成像模组的一侧。
进一步地，所述光学镜片上设置有透光调节层，所述透光调节层能够根据环境光线的强弱调节自身的透光率，以控制射入成像模组的光线强度。
进一步地，所述透光调节层包括光敏剂，所述光敏剂能够根据环境光线的强弱产生光化学反应，使所述透光调节层调节自身的透光率。
进一步地，所述透光调节层为掺杂有所述光敏剂的镜片。
进一步地，所述透光调节层为铝硼硅酸盐玻璃镜片、硼硅酸盐玻璃镜片、硼酸盐玻璃镜片或者磷酸盐玻璃镜片中的至少一种。
进一步地，所述透光调节层设置在所述光学镜片的两侧；
或者，所述透光调节层设置在所述光学镜片上朝向所述成像模组的一侧；
或者，所述透光调节层设置在所述光学镜片上背离所述成像模组的一侧。
进一步地，所述光学镜片包括至少两个滤镜，至少两个所述滤镜分别能够活动地连接于所述装设件。
进一步地，至少两个所述滤镜的滤光性能互不相同，每个所述滤镜能够相对所述装设件运动至位于所述成像模组的镜头前，以使所述成像模组获取不同风格的图像。
进一步地，所述光学外罩还包括调节件，所述调节件与至少两个所述滤镜分别相连接，并用于驱动所述滤镜相对所述装设件运动。
进一步地，所述调节件为调节旋钮，所述调节旋钮设置在所述装设件上，通过旋转所述调节旋钮，能够驱动所述滤镜运动，以更换位于所述成像模组的镜头前的滤镜。
进一步地，所述光学外罩还包括控制器，所述控制器与所述调节件电连接，并用于在接收到更换滤镜的命令后，控制所述调节件驱动所述滤镜运动，以更换位于所述成像模组的镜头前的滤镜。
进一步地，所述光学镜片为层叠结构。
进一步地，至少两个所述滤镜彼此可活动地连接，并能够分别移动至呈相互叠置的状态。
进一步地，所述光学镜片上设置有增透膜。
进一步地，所述增透膜设置在所述光学镜片的两侧。
进一步地，所述增透膜设置在所述光学镜片上朝向所述成像模组的一侧。
进一步地，所述增透膜设置在所述光学镜片上背离所述成像模组的一侧。
进一步地，所述光学镜片上设置有加硬膜，以增强所述光学镜片的硬度和耐磨性。
进一步地，所述加硬膜设置在所述光学镜片与所述增透膜之间。
进一步地，所述光学镜片上设置有防油污膜，以防止所述光学镜片油质物侵蚀或污染。
进一步地，所述防油污膜设置在所述光学镜片背离所述成像模组的一侧，且位于所述增透膜背离所述加硬膜的一侧。
进一步地，所述防油污膜上设置有疏水涂层，所述疏水涂层用于防止所述光学镜片上凝聚有水滴影响所述成像模组的成像质量。
进一步地，所述光学镜片上设置有保护膜层，以防止所述光学镜片被腐蚀、磨损或刮伤。
进一步地，所述装设件与所述镜片组件为一体成型结构。
进一步地，所述装设件与所述镜片组件为分体式结构，所述镜片组件能够拆卸地装设在所述装设件上。
进一步地，所述装设件能够拆卸地装设在无人机上。
进一步地，所述装设件能够相对所述无人机的壳体翻转，以使所述光学外罩能够罩设所述成像模组或者使所述成像模组裸露于空气中。
一种无人机，包括机身及连接于所述机身上的拍摄装置。所述拍摄装置包括：成像模组，连接于所述机身；以及光学外罩。所述光学外罩包括：装设件，连接于所述机身；以及镜片组件，设置在所述装设件上，并罩设所述成像模组，使所述光学外罩包覆所述成像模组，以对所述成像模组进行保护。
进一步地，所述无人机为无人飞行器，所述无人机还包括设置在所述机身上的动力系统，所述动力系统为所述无人机提供飞行动力。
进一步地，所述动力系统包括旋翼组件以及电子调速器，所述旋翼组件包括电机和设置于所述电机上的螺旋桨，所述电子调速器与所述电机连接。
进一步地，所述无人机包括飞行控制器以及与所述飞行控制器电性连接的惯性测量单元，所述惯性测量单元用于检测所述无人机的姿态，以允许该飞行控制器根据该姿态控制所述无人机飞行。
进一步地，所述镜片组件包括光学镜片，所述镜片组件罩设所述成像模组时，所述光学镜片正对所述成像模组的镜头设置，以使光线能够透过所述光学镜片射入所述成像模组的镜头。
进一步地，所述光学镜片上设置有防雾层。
进一步地，所述防雾层为电热防雾层。
进一步地，所述防雾层为纳米防雾膜。
进一步地，所述防雾层为防雾涂层。
进一步地，所述防雾层设置在所述光学镜片的两侧。
进一步地，所述防雾层设置在所述光学镜片上朝向所述成像模组的一侧；
或者，所述防雾层设置在所述光学镜片上背离所述成像模组的一侧。
进一步地，所述光学镜片上设置有透光调节层，所述透光调节层能够根据环境光线的强弱调节自身的透光率，以控制射入成像模组的光线强度。
进一步地，所述透光调节层包括光敏剂，所述光敏剂能够根据环境光线的强弱产生光化学反应，使所述透光调节层调节自身的透光率。
进一步地，所述透光调节层为掺杂有所述光敏剂的镜片。
进一步地，所述透光调节层为铝硼硅酸盐玻璃镜片、硼硅酸盐玻璃镜片、硼酸盐玻璃镜片或者磷酸盐玻璃镜片中的至少一种。
进一步地，所述透光调节层设置在所述光学镜片的两侧；
或者，所述透光调节层设置在所述光学镜片上朝向所述成像模组的一侧；
或者，所述透光调节层设置在所述光学镜片上背离所述成像模组的一侧。
进一步地，所述光学镜片包括至少两个滤镜，至少两个所述滤镜分别能够活动地连接于所述装设件。
进一步地，至少两个所述滤镜的滤光性能互不相同，每个所述滤镜能够相对所述装设件运动至位于所述成像模组的镜头前，以使所述成像模组获取不同风格的图像。
进一步地，所述光学外罩还包括调节件，所述调节件与至少两个所述滤镜分别相连接，并用于驱动所述滤镜相对所述装设件运动。
进一步地，所述调节件为调节旋钮，所述调节旋钮设置在所述装设件上，通过旋转所述调节旋钮，能够驱动所述滤镜运动，以更换位于所述成像模组的镜头前的滤镜。
进一步地，所述光学外罩还包括控制器，所述控制器与所述调节件电连接，并用于在接收到更换滤镜的命令后，控制所述调节件驱动所述滤镜运动，以更换位于所述成像模组的镜头前的滤镜。
进一步地，所述光学镜片为层叠结构。
进一步地，至少两个所述滤镜彼此可活动地连接，并能够分别移动至呈相互叠置的状态。
进一步地，所述光学镜片上设置有增透膜。
进一步地，所述增透膜设置在所述光学镜片的两侧。
进一步地，所述增透膜设置在所述光学镜片上朝向所述成像模组的一侧。
进一步地，所述增透膜设置在所述光学镜片上背离所述成像模组的一侧。
进一步地，所述光学镜片上设置有加硬膜，以增强所述光学镜片的硬度和耐磨性。
进一步地，所述加硬膜设置在所述光学镜片与所述增透膜之间。
进一步地，所述光学镜片上设置有防油污膜，以防止所述光学镜片油质物侵蚀或污染。
进一步地，所述防油污膜设置在所述光学镜片背离所述成像模组的一侧，且位于所述增透膜背离所述加硬膜的一侧。
进一步地，所述防油污膜上设置有疏水涂层，所述疏水涂层用于防止所述光学镜片上凝聚有水滴影响所述成像模组的成像质量。
进一步地，所述光学镜片上设置有保护膜层，以防止所述光学镜片被腐蚀、磨损或刮伤。
进一步地，所述装设件与所述镜片组件为一体成型结构。
进一步地，所述装设件与所述镜片组件为分体式结构，所述镜片组件能够拆卸地装设在所述装设件上。
进一步地，所述装设件能够拆卸地装设在无人机上。
进一步地，所述装设件能够相对所述无人机的壳体翻转，以使所述光学外罩能够罩设所述成像模组或者使所述成像模组裸露于空气中。
进一步地，所述拍摄装置还包括增稳机构，所述增稳机构设置在所述成像模组与所述无人机之间，以对所述成像模组进行增稳并用于调整所述成像模组的拍摄姿态。
进一步地，所述光学外罩通过所述装设件连接所述无人机时，所述光学外罩包覆所述成像模组及所述增稳机构，并对所述成像模组及所述增稳机构进行保护。
进一步地，所述装设件上设置有安装标识，以允许所述成像模组通过所述安装标识识别所述装设件是否罩设所述成像模组。
进一步地，所述拍摄装置还包括控制器，所述拍摄装置开始工作时，所述控制器控制所述增稳机构驱动所述成像模组运动，使所述成像模组的镜头朝向设置有所述安装标识的方向扫描，当所述成像模组的镜头识别出所述安装标识存在时，所述控制器设定所述增稳机构驱动所述成像模组的转动范围为预设范围。
进一步地，所述安装标识为二维码或条形码，所述安装标识设置在所述安装件上朝向所述成像模组的一侧。
进一步地，所述装设件由黑色不透光材质制成。
进一步地，所述装设件与所述无人机之间的连接为密封连接。
进一步地，所述增稳机构为增稳云台。
进一步地，所述增稳机构为三轴增稳云台。
进一步地，所述拍摄装置还包括减震机构，所述减震机构设置在所述增稳机构与所述无人机之间。
进一步地，所述成像模组为摄像头或相机。
上述的光学外罩，其应用于所述无人机上，且罩设并包覆所述成像模组，所述光学外罩对所述成像模组构成外罩的保护，从而避免风力造成所述成像模组的晃动，同时避免空气中水雾或尘土等污染物进入所述成像模组。
 附图说明
图1为本发明实施方式的无人机及拍摄装置的正面示意图。
图2为图1所示无人机及拍摄装置侧面示意图。
图3为图1所示无人机的减震机构及拍摄装置的正面示意图。
图4为图3所示减震机构及拍摄装置的侧面示意图。
图5为图3所示减震机构及拍摄装置的立体示意图
图6为图3所示减震机构及拍摄装置沿VI-VI线的剖面示意图。
图7为图6所示拍摄装置的光学外罩在一具体实施例中的区域VII的放大示意图。
图8为图6所示光学外罩在另一具体实施例中的区域VII的放大示意图。
图9为图6所示光学外罩在又一具体实施例中的区域VII的放大示意图。
图10为图6所示光学外罩在又一具体实施例中的区域VII的放大示意图。
图11为图3所示减震机构及拍摄装置在另一具体实施例中的侧面示意图。
主要组件符号说明
无人飞行器 500
机身 510
旋翼组件 530
电机 531
螺旋桨 533
减震机构 550
连接件 551
承接件 553
减震件 555
拍摄装置 200
成像模组 210
增稳机构 230
光学外罩 100
装设件 10
装设部 12
镜片组件 30
光学镜片 32
防雾层 3211
透光调节层 3213
增透膜 3215,3223
加硬膜 3221
防油污膜 3225
疏水涂层 3227
滤镜 321
卡合部 3210
调节件 50
卡持部 52
如下具体实施方式将结合上述附图进一步说明本发明。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是，当组件被称为“固定于”另一个组件，它可以直接在另一个组件上或者也可以存在居中的组件。当一个组件被认为是“连接”另一个组件，它可以是直接连接到另一个组件或者可能同时存在居中组件。当一个组件被认为是“设置于”另一个组件，它可以是直接设置在另一个组件上或者可能同时存在居中组件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“及／或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
本发明实施例提供 一种光学外罩，应用于成像模组。述光学外罩包括：装设件，用于连接于具有所述成像模组的无人机；以及镜片组件，设置在所述装设件上，并能够罩设所述无人机的成像模组，使所述光学外罩包覆所述成像模组，以对所述成像模组进行保护。
本发明实施例还提供一种拍摄装置，应用于无人机。所述拍摄装置包括：成像模组，能够连接于所述无人机；以及光学外罩。所述光学外罩包括：装设件，用于连接于所述无人机；以及镜片组件，设置在所述装设件上，并能够罩设所述无人机的成像模组，使所述光学外罩包覆所述成像模组，以对所述成像模组进行保护。
本发明实施例还提供一种无人机，包括机身及连接于所述机身上的拍摄装置。所述拍摄装置包括：成像模组，连接于所述机身；以及光学外罩。所述光学外罩包括：装设件，连接于所述机身；以及镜片组件，设置在所述装设件上，并罩设所述成像模组，使所述光学外罩包覆所述成像模组，以对所述成像模组进行保护。
下面结合附图，对本发明的一些实施方式作详细说明。在不冲突的情况下，下述的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
请参阅图1及图2，本发明实施例所提供一种无人机，所述无人机可以为但并不限于为无人飞行器、无人车或无人船等，本实施例中，所述无人机以无人飞行器500为例。所述无人飞行器500包括机身510以及设置于所述机身510上的动力系统。所述无人飞行器500用于搭载拍摄装置200进行航拍作业。
在本发明实施方式中，所述无人飞行器500为旋翼飞行器，所述动力系统为旋翼组件530。具体在图示的实施方式中，所述无人飞行器500为四旋翼飞行器，即具有四个旋翼组件530的飞行器。所述旋翼组件530包括电机531以及与所述电机531相连的螺旋桨533。所述电机531能够驱动所述螺旋桨533转动，以为所述无人飞行器500提供飞行的动力。可以理解，所述无人飞行器500也可以为六旋翼飞行器、八旋翼飞行器、十二旋翼飞行器等，甚至，所述无人飞行器500可以为单旋翼飞行器；另外，在其他实施方式中，所述无人飞行器500可以为固定翼飞行器，或者固定翼-旋翼混合的飞行器。
所述无人飞行器500还包括主控制器、惯性测量单元（IMU，Inertial measurement unit）以及电子调速器。本实施方式中，所述主控制器和所述惯性测量单元集成在一起。
所述主控制器可以为飞行控制器，其用于控制所述无人飞行器500整体的飞行作业，包括飞行速度、飞行姿态等，还用于控制所述拍摄装置200执行拍摄作业。所述惯性测量单元与所述主控制器电性连接，其用于检测所述无人飞行器500的姿态。所述电子调速器设置在所述机身510上，并与所述主控制器以及所述惯性测量单元均电性连接。所述电子调速器在所述主控制器的控制下，能够调节所述电机531的转动速度。具体而言，所述电子调速器可以为多个，多个所述电子调速器分别与所述旋翼组件530的其中一电机531相连接，并用于调节所述电机531的转动速度，以调节所述无人飞行器500的飞行速度、飞行姿态。
请同时参阅图3至图6，所述拍摄装置200连接于所述机身510。所述拍摄装置200包括成像模组210以及光学外罩100。所述成像模组210连接于所述机身510。所述光学外罩100设置于所述机身510上，并罩设于所述成像模组210外，以对所述成像模组210构成外罩的保护，从而避免风力造成所述成像模组210的晃动，同时避免空气中的水雾或尘土等污染物进入所述成像模组210。所述成像模组210可以为摄像头或相机等图像获取装置。
进一步地，为了增强所述成像模组210在拍摄过程中的稳定性，所述无人飞行器500还可以包括减震机构550，所述减震机构550设置在所述机身510及所述成像模组210之间。具体而言，所述减震机构550设置在所述机身510内，其用于减缓所述无人飞行器500在飞行时对所述成像模组210造成的震动冲击。
在本实施方式中，所述减震机构550包括连接件551、承接件553以及减震件555。所述连接件551连接于所述机身510，所述承接件553大致与所述连接件551平行相对设置，所述减震件555设置在所述连接件551与所述承接件553之间。
所述承接件553用于装设所述成像模组210。具体在图中所示的实施例中，所述减震件555为减震球，其数量为多个。多个所述减震件555大致呈中心对称设置在所述连接件551及所述承接件553之间。优选地，所述减震件555为橡胶减震球。可以理解，在其他的实施方式中，所述减震件555还可以为其他的减震结构，如，减震弹簧、阻尼减震器等。
进一步地，为了进一步增强所述成像模组210在拍摄过程中的稳定性，防止所述成像模组210的抖动，所述拍摄装置200还可以包括增稳机构230。所述增稳机构230设置在所述减震机构550及所述成像模组210之间。具体在图6所示的实施方式中，所述增稳机构230为增稳云台，优选地，所述增稳机构230为三轴增稳云台。所述增稳机构230连接于所述承接件553。所述成像模组210设置在所述增稳机构230的末端轴上。通过控制所述增稳机构230运动，能够调整所述成像模组210的拍摄姿态。
所述光学外罩100设置于所述机身510上，并将所述成像模组210及所述增稳机构230收容于其中。所述光学外罩100包括装设件10以及镜片组件30。具体在图示的实施例中，所述装设件10连接于所述机身510，所述镜片组件30可活动地装设于所述装设件10上，所述镜片组件30与所述装设件10用于共同收容所述成像模组210及所述增稳机构230。
在本实施方式中，所述装设件10由不透光材料制成，其用于承载所述镜片组件30。所述装设件10可转动地连接于所述机身510。具体而言，所述装设件10通过枢轴等铰接结构（图中未示出）连接至所述机身510，使所述装设件10能够在外力的作用下，相对所述机身510翻转开合，以带动所述镜片组件30相对所述机身510翻转，从而使所述光学外罩100罩设所述成像模组210及所述增稳机构230，或使所述成像模组210及所述增稳机构230裸露于空气中。进一步地，所述装设件10能够拆卸地装设于所述机身510上，使用户能够根据实际需要将所述光学外罩100从所述无人飞行器500上拆卸，或将所述光学外罩100安装于所述无人飞行器500上。
具体在实际应用中，所述装设件10为由黑色不透光材料制成的壳体，使所述装设件10可作为所述成像模组210的遮光罩使用，以遮挡多余的环境光线，并避免所述成像模组210成像时的光斑或反光等，从而保证所述成像模组210的成像质量。可以理解，在其他的实施方式中，所述装设件10可以由透明材质制成，所述装设件10也可以与所述镜片组件30为一体成型结构。
所述装设件10包括装设部12，所述装设部12用于连接所述机身510。所述装设部12上设置有密封结构（图中未示出），所述密封结构用于实现所述装设件10与所述机身510之间的密封连接。所述密封结构可以为密封圈、密封槽等。当所述装设件10通过所述装设部12装设于所述机身510时，所述装设件10与所述机身510之间为密封连接，有利于避免空气中的尘土、水雾等污染物进入所述光学外罩100并损坏所述成像模组210及所述增稳机构230，同时能够避免气流流经细小缝隙进入所述光学外罩100造成所述成像模组210的抖动，进一步增强了所述拍摄装置200的稳定性。
进一步地，所述装设件10上朝向所述成像模组210的一侧还设置有安装标识（图中未示出），所述安装标识用于标识所述光学外罩100在所述拍摄装置200上的安装状态，以使所述增稳机构230根据所述光学外罩100的安装状态调整所述成像模组210的拍摄角度范围。具体在本实施方式中，所述安装标识为喷涂在所述装设件10上的二维码，所述安装标识邻近所述成像模组210的镜头设置，其相对于所述成像模组210及所述增稳机构230的方向是固定的。所述拍摄装置200还可以包括控制器（图中未示出），当所述拍摄装置200开始工作时，所述控制器控制所述增稳机构230首先带动所述成像模组210运动，使所述成像模组210的镜头朝向设置有所述安装标识的方向扫描，当所述成像模组210的镜头识别出有所述安装标识存在时，所述控制器则判定所述光学外罩100已经罩设所述成像模组210，因此，为了避免所述成像模组210在工作时摄入所述装设件10，所述控制器则控制所述增稳机构230设定其驱动所述成像模组210的极限转动角度，或者，所述控制器则设定所述增稳机构230驱动所述成像模组210的极限转动角度，使所述成像模组210在拍摄时被限制在一定的范围内转动，从而使所述装设件10不会出现在所述成像模组210的镜头的视野当中。上述的极限转动角度为所述控制器根据实际需要设定的预设范围。
由于所述拍摄装置200具有上述的检测判定过程，所述成像模组210在工作时不会摄入所述装设件。同时，若所述光学外罩100的尺寸较小，不适宜所述增稳机构230驱动所述成像模组210进行周围360°转动拍摄时，通过限定所述成像模组210的极限转动角度，能够避免所述成像模组210与所述光学外罩100发生碰撞。因此，在满足拍摄需求的情况下，上述的光学外罩100有利于实现小型化设计，同时能够防止所述成像模组210与所述光学外罩100发生碰撞，从而实现对所述成像模组210的保护。
可以理解，所述安装标识可以为二维码以外的识别码或者识别标识，例如，所述安装标识可以为条形码，也可以为由预定符号组成的记号。在本实施方式中，所述安装标识设置在所述成像模组210的正下方，可以理解，所述安装标识还可以设置在所述成像模组210的左方、右方、后方，或者其他适宜的位置，并不局限于本实施例。
所述镜片组件30可活动地装设在所述装设件10上，其由透光材质制成，以允许环境光线透过所述镜片组件30射入所述成像模组210的镜头。所述镜片组件30包括光学镜片32。所述光学镜片32正对于所述成像模组210的镜头设置。
请同时参阅图7，在本发明提供的一具体实施方式中，所述光学镜片32为防雾镜片。具体而言，所述光学镜片32上设置有防雾层3211，所述防雾层3211能够避免空气中的水蒸气凝结并附着在所述光学镜片32上，以保证所述成像模组210成像的清晰度。在本实施方式中，所述防雾层3211为电热防雾层。可以理解，在其他的实施方式中，所述防雾层3211可以为覆盖于所述光学镜片32的表面的纳米防雾膜，还可以为涂覆于所述光学镜片32的表面的防雾涂层。具体在图示的实施例中，所述防雾层3211设置在所述光学镜片32上背离所述成像模组210的一侧。可以理解，在其他的实施方式中，所述防雾层3211还可以设置在所述光学镜片32上朝向所述成像模组210的一侧，或者，所述光学镜片32的两侧均设置有所述防雾层3211，并不局限于本发明实施例中所描述。
请同时参阅图8，在本发明提供的另一具体实施方式中，所述光学镜片32上设置有透光调节层3213，所述透光调节层3213能够根据环境光线的强弱调节自身的透光率，以控制射入成像模组210的光线强度。具体而言，在本实施方式中，所述透光调节层3213为光致变色玻璃或光致变色镜片，其具体地为掺杂有光敏剂的玻璃或镜片。具体而言，所述光致变色玻璃或镜片可以为掺杂光敏剂的铝硼硅酸盐玻璃镜片、硼硅酸盐玻璃镜片、硼酸盐玻璃镜片或者磷酸盐玻璃镜片等。所述光敏剂为卤化银，所述卤化银可为AgCl、AgBr或者AgI。外界光线照射在所述透光调节层后，所述透光调节层发生变色，其自身透光率随着所述入射光线强度增大而减小，即，所述光线较强时，所述透光调节层3213的颜色变深降以低透光率；而当所述入射光线较弱时，所述透光调节层3213会恢复其原始透明的状态，达到最大透光率。具体在图示的实施例中，所述透光调节层3213设置在所述光学镜片32上背离所述成像模组210的一侧。可以理解，在其他的实施方式中，所述透光调节层3213还可以设置在所述光学镜片32上朝向所述成像模组210的一侧，或者，所述光学镜片32的两侧均设置有所述透光调节层3213，并不局限于本发明实施例中所描述。同样可以理解的是，所述透光调节层3213可以省略，而使所述光学镜片32本身具有光致变色的性能，例如，所述光学镜片32可以直接为上文所描述的光致变色玻璃或光致变色镜片等。
请同时参阅图9，在本发明提供的又一具体实施方式中，所述光学镜片32上设置有增透膜3215，所述增透膜3215用于增加环境光线进入所述光学外罩100的射入强度，使所述成像模组210成像更清晰。在本实施方式中，所述增透膜3215分别设置在所述光学镜片32的两侧。可以理解，在实际应用中，所述增透膜3215也可以只设置在所述光学镜片32的一侧，具体地，所述增透膜3215可以设置在所述光学镜片32朝向所述成像模组210的一侧；或者，所述增透膜3215可以设置在所述光学镜片32背离所述成像模组210的一侧，并不限于本实施例。可以理解，在其他的实施方式中，所述光学镜片32上还可以设置有保护膜层（图中未示出），以防止所述光学镜片32被腐蚀、磨损或刮伤，使所述光学外罩100更经久耐用。具体而言，所述保护膜层可以设置在所述增透膜3215背离所述光学镜片32的一侧。
请同时参阅图10，在本发明提供的再一具体实施方式中，所述光学镜片32上同时设置有加硬膜3221以及增透膜3223。所述加硬膜3221用于增强所述光学镜片32的硬度以及耐磨性，以防止所述光学镜片32因碰撞而刮花或损坏，从而保护所述成像模组210。所述增透膜3223用于增加环境光线进入所述光学外罩100的射入强度，使所述成像模组210成像更清晰。具体在图示的实施例中，所述加硬膜3221为两层，两层所述加硬膜3221分别设置在所述光学镜片32的两侧；所述增透膜3223也为两层，每一所述增透膜3223分别设置在一所述加硬膜3221背离所述光学镜片32的一侧。
进一步地，所述光学镜片32上还设置有防油污膜3225，所述防油污膜3225用于防止所述光学镜片32受到油污、油脂、皮脂等物质的侵蚀或污染，使所述光学镜片32保持清透。具体在图示的实施例中，所述防油污膜3225位于所述光学镜片32背离所述成像模组210的一侧。所述防油污膜3225覆盖在所述增透膜3223上，并位于所述增透膜3223背离所述加硬膜3221的一侧。具体地，由于所述光学镜片32上设置有所述防油污膜3225，避免了用户在拿取所述光学镜片32或所述光学外罩100时，在所述光学镜片32上留下指纹，从而保持所述光学镜片32处于洁净状态。
进一步地，所述防油污膜3225上设置有疏水涂层3227，所述疏水涂层3227用于防止所述光学镜片32上凝聚有水滴影响所述成像模组210的成像质量。具体在图示的实施例中，所述疏水涂层3227设置在所述防油污膜3225背离所述增透膜3223的一侧。当外界的水滴溅落到所述防油污膜3225上时，由于所述疏水涂层3227的存在，水滴会在所述防油污膜3225上凝聚并流下，而不会粘附在所述防油污膜3225上，从而保持所述光学镜片32处于洁净状态。
可以理解，在实际应用中，上述的防雾层3211、透光调节层3213、增透膜3215、3223、保护膜层、加硬膜3221、防油污膜3225以及疏水涂层3227中的任何一种膜层均可以单独地应用于所述光学镜片32上，且该膜层设置在所述光学镜片32的任意一侧均可根据实际需要确定，从而实现所述光学镜片32的光学性能；或者，上述的防雾层3211、透光调节层3213、增透膜3215、3223、保护膜层、加硬膜3221、防油污膜3225以及疏水涂层3227中任意多种膜层的组合可以同时应用于所述光学镜片32上，且多种所述膜层的组合在所述光学镜片32上层叠位置及次序均可根据实际需要确定。
请同时参阅图11，在本发明提供的再一具体实施方式中，所述光学镜片32包括多个滤镜321，多个所述滤镜321分别可活动地连接于所述装设件10。每个所述滤镜321的滤光性能互不相同，在使用时，多个所述滤镜中的一个或多个可以根据需要调节至正对于所述成像模组210的镜头，以使所述成像模组获取不同风格的图像。可以理解，在其他的实施方式中，所述滤镜321的数量可以为两个或两个以上，并不局限于本实施例。
具体在图示的实施方式中，所述光学镜片32为层叠结构，多个所述滤镜321彼此可活动地连接，每个所述滤镜321均可活动地连接于所述装设件10，多个所述滤镜321能够分别运动至呈相互叠置的状态。每个所述滤镜321均为部分球面结构，以防止所述滤镜321中的一个相对于其他滤镜321或者所述装设件10转动时发生运动干涉。为了调节所述滤镜321，所述光学外罩100还包括调节件50，所述调节件50设置于所述装设件10上，并与多个所述滤镜321分别连接。通过操作所述调节件50，能够使所述滤镜321相对所述装设件10转动。在本实施方式中，所述调节件50为调节旋钮，所述调节旋钮可活动地设置在所述装设件10上，通过旋转所述调节旋钮，能够驱动所述滤镜321运动，以更换位于所述成像模组210的镜头前的滤镜321。具体而言，所述调节旋钮包括卡持部52，所述卡持部52用于卡持所需要转动的所述滤镜321，并带动所述滤镜321转动。相应地，多个所述滤镜321可转动地连接于所述装设件10，并邻近所述调节旋钮呈层叠设置，每个所述滤镜321上均设置有与所述卡持部52相对应的卡合部3210。所述调节旋钮能够沿自身轴线方向相对所述装设件10移动，以使所述卡持部52与不同的所述滤镜321上的卡合部3210相卡持配合，然后，借助外力使所述调节旋钮绕自身轴线转动，以带动所需滤镜321转动至所述成像模组210的镜头前。在本实施方式中，所述卡持部52及所述卡合部3210为相互配合的齿状结构。可以理解，在其他的实施方式中，所述卡持部52及所述卡合部3210还可以为相互配合的卡持臂及卡合槽结构等，并不局限于本实施例所描述。当然，所述调节件50的结构也可以为调节旋钮以外的结构，例如，所述调节件50可以为拨钮结构，通过拨动所述调节件50，可以驱动所述滤镜321运动至所述成像模组210的镜头前。
可以理解，在实际应用中，上述的防雾层3211、透光调节层3213、增透膜3215、3223、保护膜层、加硬膜3221、防油污膜3225以及疏水涂层3227中的任意一种膜层或者任意多种膜层的组合可以应用于上述的多个滤镜321中的任意一个或多个上。当任意一个或多个所述膜层应用于任意一个或多个所述滤镜321上时，所述膜层的组合在所述滤镜321上层叠位置及次序均可根据实际需要确定。
进一步地，为了便于用户控制所述光学外罩100更换所述滤镜321，所述光学外罩100还可以包括控制器（图中未示出），所述控制器与所述调节件50电性连接，并用于控制所述调节件50驱动所述滤镜321运动，以更换位于所述成像模组210的镜头前的滤镜321。具体而言，所述控制器用于接收用户的控制指令，并根据所述指令控制所述调节件50沿自身轴线方向运动，以选取用户所需的滤镜321，然后所述控制器控制所述调节件50转动，以带动用户所需的滤镜321转动至所述成像模组210的镜头前，使用户能够方便地更换滤镜，即使在所述无人飞行器500飞行的过程中，用户也能够通过控制指令更换滤镜，提高了操作的便捷性及用户体验。
在本发明所提供的具体实施方式中，所述装设件10与所述镜片组件30为分体式结构，所述镜片组件30能够拆卸地装设于所述装设件10上，使所述光学外罩100可以根据用户需要灵活地设置。可以理解，在其他的实施方式中，所述装设件10与所述镜片组件30可以为一体成型结构，使所述光学外罩100的整体性更强，有利于所述拍摄装置200的外观结构优化。优选地，所述装设件10与所述镜片组件30为一体成型结构时，所述装设件10可以由透明材质制成。
上述的光学外罩100，其应用于所述无人飞行器500上，且罩设在所述成像模组210外，并包覆所述成像模组210，所述光学外罩100对所述成像模组210构成外罩的保护，从而避免风力造成所述成像模组210的晃动，同时避免空气中的水雾或尘土等污染物进入所述成像模组210。因而，采用所述光学外罩100的拍摄装置200，能够避免拍摄过程中受到外界环境因素的不利影响，提高所述拍摄装置200的成像质量以及延长所述拍摄装置200的使用寿命。
可以理解，采用所述光学外罩的拍摄装置不局限于在无人飞行器中应用，其还可以应用于其他的无人机或遥控移动装置如无人驾驶车辆、无人驾驶船舶中，本说明书不作一一赘述。
以上实施方式仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照以上较佳实施方式对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或等同替换都不应脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围。本领域技术人员还可在本发明精神内做其它变化等用在本发明的设计，只要其不偏离本发明的技术效果均可。这些依据本发明精神所做的变化，都应包含在本发明所要求保护的范围之内。

Claims (121)

  1. 一种光学外罩，应用于成像模组，其特征在于，所述光学外罩包括：
    装设件，用于连接于具有所述成像模组的无人机；以及
    镜片组件，设置在所述装设件上，并能够罩设所述无人机的成像模组，以使所述光学外罩包覆所述成像模组，以对所述成像模组进行保护。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述镜片组件包括光学镜片，所述镜片组件罩设所述成像模组时，所述光学镜片正对所述成像模组的镜头设置，以使光线能够透过所述光学镜片射入所述成像模组的镜头。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述光学镜片上设置有防雾层。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述防雾层为电热防雾层；
    或者；所述防雾层为纳米防雾膜；
    或者；所述防雾层为防雾涂层。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述防雾层设置在所述光学镜片的两侧。
  6. 如权利要求3所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述防雾层设置在所述光学镜片上朝向所述成像模组的一侧；
    或者，所述防雾层设置在所述光学镜片上背离所述成像模组的一侧。
  7. 如权利要求2所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述光学镜片上设置有透光调节层，所述透光调节层能够根据环境光线的强弱调节自身的透光率，以控制射入成像模组的光线强度。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述透光调节层包括光敏剂，所述光敏剂能够根据环境光线的强弱产生光化学反应，使所述透光调节层调节自身的透光率。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述透光调节层为掺杂有所述光敏剂的镜片；
    或者，所述透光调节层为铝硼硅酸盐玻璃镜片、硼硅酸盐玻璃镜片、硼酸盐玻璃镜片或者磷酸盐玻璃镜片中的至少一种。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述透光调节层设置在所述光学镜片的两侧；
    或者，所述透光调节层设置在所述光学镜片上朝向所述成像模组的一侧；
    或者，所述透光调节层设置在所述光学镜片上背离所述成像模组的一侧。
  11. 如权利要求2所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述光学镜片包括至少两个滤镜，至少两个所述滤镜分别能够活动地连接于所述装设件。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：至少两个所述滤镜的滤光性能互不相同，每个所述滤镜能够相对所述装设件运动至位于所述成像模组的镜头前，以使所述成像模组获取不同风格的图像。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述光学外罩还包括调节件，所述调节件与至少两个所述滤镜分别相连接，并用于驱动所述滤镜相对所述装设件运动。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述调节件为调节旋钮，所述调节旋钮设置在所述装设件上，通过旋转所述调节旋钮，能够驱动所述滤镜运动，以更换位于所述成像模组的镜头前的滤镜。
  15. 如权利要求13所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述光学外罩还包括控制器，所述控制器与所述调节件电连接，并用于在接收到更换滤镜的命令后，控制所述调节件驱动所述滤镜运动，以更换位于所述成像模组的镜头前的滤镜。
  16. 如权利要求11所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述光学镜片为层叠结构。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：至少两个所述滤镜彼此可活动地连接，并能够分别移动至呈相互叠置的状态。
  18. 如权利要求2所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述光学镜片上设置有增透膜。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述增透膜设置在所述光学镜片的两侧。
  20. 如权利要求18所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述增透膜设置在所述光学镜片上朝向所述成像模组的一侧。
  21. 如权利要求18所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述增透膜设置在所述光学镜片上背离所述成像模组的一侧。
  22. 如权利要求18所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述光学镜片上设置有加硬膜，以增强所述光学镜片的硬度和耐磨性。
  23. 如权利要求22所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述加硬膜设置在所述光学镜片与所述增透膜之间。
  24. 如权利要求23所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述光学镜片上设置有防油污膜，以防止所述光学镜片油质物侵蚀或污染。
  25. 如权利要求24所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述防油污膜设置在所述光学镜片背离所述成像模组的一侧，且位于所述增透膜背离所述加硬膜的一侧。
  26. 如权利要求24所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述防油污膜上设置有疏水涂层，所述疏水涂层用于防止所述光学镜片上凝聚有水滴影响所述成像模组的成像质量。
  27. 如权利要求2所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述光学镜片上设置有保护膜层，以防止所述光学镜片被腐蚀、磨损或刮伤。
  28. 如权利要求1所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述装设件与所述镜片组件为一体成型结构。
  29. 如权利要求1所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述装设件与所述镜片组件为分体式结构，所述镜片组件能够拆卸地装设在所述装设件上。
  30. 如权利要求1所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述装设件能够拆卸地装设在无人机上。
  31. 如权利要求30所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述装设件上设置有安装标识，以允许所述成像模组通过所述安装标识识别所述装设件是否罩设所述成像模组。
  32. 如权利要求31所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述安装标识为二维码或条形码，所述安装标识设置在所述安装件上朝向所述成像模组的一侧。
  33. 如权利要求31所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述装设件由黑色不透光材质制成。
  34. 如权利要求1所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述装设件能够相对所述无人机的壳体翻转，以使所述光学外罩能够罩设所述成像模组或者使所述成像模组裸露于空气中。
  35. 一种拍摄装置，应用于无人机，其特征在于，所述拍摄装置包括：
    成像模组，能够连接于所述无人机；以及
    光学外罩，包括：
    装设件，用于连接于所述无人机；以及
    镜片组件，设置在所述装设件上，并能够罩设所述无人机的成像模组，使所述光学外罩包覆所述成像模组，以对所述成像模组进行保护。
  36. 如权利要求35所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述拍摄装置还包括增稳机构，所述增稳机构设置在所述成像模组与所述无人机之间，以对所述成像模组进行增稳并用于调整所述成像模组的拍摄姿态。
  37. 如权利要求36所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述光学外罩通过所述装设件连接所述无人机时，所述光学外罩包覆所述成像模组及所述增稳机构，并对所述成像模组及所述增稳机构进行保护。
  38. 如权利要求37所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述装设件上设置有安装标识，以允许所述成像模组通过所述安装标识识别所述装设件是否罩设所述成像模组。
  39. 如权利要求38所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述拍摄装置还包括控制器，所述拍摄装置开始工作时，所述控制器控制所述增稳机构驱动所述成像模组运动，使所述成像模组的镜头朝向设置有所述安装标识的方向扫描，当所述成像模组的镜头识别出所述安装标识存在时，所述控制器设定所述增稳机构驱动所述成像模组的转动范围为预设范围。
  40. 如权利要求38所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述安装标识为二维码或条形码，所述安装标识设置在所述安装件上朝向所述成像模组的一侧。
  41. 如权利要求38所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述装设件由黑色不透光材质制成。
  42. 如权利要求37所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述装设件与所述无人机之间的连接为密封连接。
  43. 如权利要求36所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述增稳机构为增稳云台。
  44. 如权利要求36所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述增稳机构为三轴增稳云台。
  45. 如权利要求36所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述拍摄装置还包括减震机构，所述减震机构设置在所述增稳机构与所述无人机之间。
  46. 如权利要求35所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述成像模组为摄像头或相机。
  47. 如权利要求35所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述镜片组件包括光学镜片，所述镜片组件罩设所述成像模组时，所述光学镜片正对所述成像模组的镜头设置，以使光线能够透过所述光学镜片射入所述成像模组的镜头。
  48. 如权利要求47所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述光学镜片上设置有防雾层。
  49. 如权利要求48所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述防雾层为电热防雾层；
    或者，所述防雾层为纳米防雾膜；
    或者，所述防雾层为防雾涂层。
  50. 如权利要求48所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述防雾层设置在所述光学镜片的两侧。
  51. 如权利要求48所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述防雾层设置在所述光学镜片上朝向所述成像模组的一侧；
    或者，所述防雾层设置在所述光学镜片上背离所述成像模组的一侧。
  52. 如权利要求47所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述光学镜片上设置有透光调节层，所述透光调节层能够根据环境光线的强弱调节自身的透光率，以控制射入成像模组的光线强度。
  53. 如权利要求52所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述透光调节层包括光敏剂，所述光敏剂能够根据环境光线的强弱产生光化学反应，使所述透光调节层调节自身的透光率。
  54. 如权利要求53所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述透光调节层为掺杂有所述光敏剂的镜片；
    或者，所述透光调节层为铝硼硅酸盐玻璃镜片、硼硅酸盐玻璃镜片、硼酸盐玻璃镜片或者磷酸盐玻璃镜片中的至少一种。
  55. 如权利要求53所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述透光调节层设置在所述光学镜片的两侧；
    或者，所述透光调节层设置在所述光学镜片上朝向所述成像模组的一侧；
    或者，所述透光调节层设置在所述光学镜片上背离所述成像模组的一侧。
  56. 如权利要求47所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述光学镜片包括至少两个滤镜，至少两个所述滤镜分别能够活动地连接于所述装设件。
  57. 如权利要求55所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：至少两个所述滤镜的滤光性能互不相同，每个所述滤镜能够相对所述装设件运动至位于所述成像模组的镜头前，以使所述成像模组获取不同风格的图像。
  58. 如权利要求57所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述光学外罩还包括调节件，所述调节件与至少两个所述滤镜分别相连接，并用于驱动所述滤镜相对所述装设件运动。
  59. 如权利要求58所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述调节件为调节旋钮，所述调节旋钮设置在所述装设件上，通过旋转所述调节旋钮，能够驱动所述滤镜运动，以更换位于所述成像模组的镜头前的滤镜。
  60. 如权利要求58所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述光学外罩还包括控制器，所述控制器与所述调节件电连接，并用于在接收到更换滤镜的命令后，控制所述调节件驱动所述滤镜运动，以更换位于所述成像模组的镜头前的滤镜。
  61. 如权利要求55所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述光学镜片为层叠结构。
  62. 如权利要求61所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：至少两个所述滤镜彼此可活动地连接，并能够分别移动至呈相互叠置的状态。
  63. 如权利要求47所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述光学镜片上设置有增透膜。
  64. 如权利要求63所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述增透膜设置在所述光学镜片的两侧。
  65. 如权利要求63所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述增透膜设置在所述光学镜片上朝向所述成像模组的一侧。
  66. 如权利要求63所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述增透膜设置在所述光学镜片上背离所述成像模组的一侧。
  67. 如权利要求63所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述光学镜片上设置有加硬膜，以增强所述光学镜片的硬度和耐磨性。
  68. 如权利要求67所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述加硬膜设置在所述光学镜片与所述增透膜之间。
  69. 如权利要求67所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述光学镜片上设置有防油污膜，以防止所述光学镜片油质物侵蚀或污染。
  70. 如权利要求69所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述防油污膜设置在所述光学镜片背离所述成像模组的一侧，且位于所述增透膜背离所述加硬膜的一侧。
  71. 如权利要求69所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述防油污膜上设置有疏水涂层，所述疏水涂层用于防止所述光学镜片上凝聚有水滴影响所述成像模组的成像质量。
  72. 如权利要求47所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述光学镜片上设置有保护膜层，以防止所述光学镜片被腐蚀、磨损或刮伤。
  73. 如权利要求35所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述装设件与所述镜片组件为一体成型结构。
  74. 如权利要求35所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述装设件与所述镜片组件为分体式结构，所述镜片组件能够拆卸地装设在所述装设件上。
  75. 如权利要求35所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述装设件能够拆卸地装设在无人机上。
  76. 如权利要求35所述的拍摄装置，其特征在于：所述装设件能够相对所述无人机的壳体翻转，以使所述光学外罩能够罩设所述成像模组或者使所述成像模组裸露于空气中。
  77. 一种无人机，包括机身及连接于所述机身上的拍摄装置，其特征在于，所述拍摄装置包括：
    成像模组，连接于所述机身；以及
    光学外罩，包括：
    装设件，连接于所述机身；以及
    镜片组件，设置在所述装设件上，并罩设所述成像模组，使所述光学外罩包覆所述成像模组，以对所述成像模组构进行保护。
  78. 如权利要求77所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述无人机为无人飞行器，所述无人机还包括设置在所述机身上的动力系统，所述动力系统为所述无人机提供飞行动力。
  79. 如权利要求78所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述动力系统包括旋翼组件以及电子调速器，所述旋翼组件包括电机和设置于所述电机上的螺旋桨，所述电子调速器与所述电机连接。
  80. 如权利要求77所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述无人机包括飞行控制器以及与所述飞行控制器电性连接的惯性测量单元，所述惯性测量单元用于检测所述无人机的姿态，以允许该飞行控制器根据该姿态控制所述无人机飞行。
  81. 如权利要求77所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述镜片组件包括光学镜片，所述镜片组件罩设所述成像模组时，所述光学镜片正对所述成像模组的镜头设置，以使光线能够透过所述光学镜片射入所述成像模组的镜头。
  82. 如权利要求81所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述光学镜片上设置有防雾层。
  83. 如权利要求82所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述防雾层为电热防雾层；
    或者，所述防雾层为纳米防雾膜；
    或者，所述防雾层为防雾涂层。
  84. 如权利要求82所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述防雾层设置在所述光学镜片的两侧。
  85. 如权利要求82所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述防雾层设置在所述光学镜片上朝向所述成像模组的一侧；
    或者，所述防雾层设置在所述光学镜片上背离所述成像模组的一侧。
  86. 如权利要求81所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述光学镜片上设置有透光调节层，所述透光调节层能够根据环境光线的强弱调节自身的透光率，以控制射入成像模组的光线强度。
  87. 如权利要求86所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述透光调节层包括光敏剂，所述光敏剂能够根据环境光线的强弱产生光化学反应，使所述透光调节层调节自身的透光率。
  88. 如权利要求87所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述透光调节层为掺杂有所述光敏剂的镜片；
    或者，所述透光调节层为铝硼硅酸盐玻璃镜片、硼硅酸盐玻璃镜片、硼酸盐玻璃镜片或者磷酸盐玻璃镜片中的至少一种。
  89. 如权利要求87所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述透光调节层设置在所述光学镜片的两侧；
    或者，所述透光调节层设置在所述光学镜片上朝向所述成像模组的一侧；
    或者，所述透光调节层设置在所述光学镜片上背离所述成像模组的一侧。
  90. 如权利要求81所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述光学镜片包括至少两个滤镜，至少两个所述滤镜分别能够活动地连接于所述装设件。
  91. 如权利要求90所述的无人机，其特征在于：至少两个所述滤镜的滤光性能互不相同，每个所述滤镜能够相对所述装设件运动至位于所述成像模组的镜头前，以使所述成像模组获取不同风格的图像。
  92. 如权利要求91所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述光学外罩还包括调节件，所述调节件与至少两个所述滤镜分别相连接，并用于驱动所述滤镜相对所述装设件运动。
  93. 如权利要求92所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述调节件为调节旋钮，所述调节旋钮设置在所述装设件上，通过旋转所述调节旋钮，能够驱动所述滤镜运动，以更换位于所述成像模组的镜头前的滤镜。
  94. 如权利要求92所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述光学外罩还包括控制器，所述控制器与所述调节件电连接，并用于在接收到更换滤镜的命令后，控制所述调节件驱动所述滤镜运动，以更换位于所述成像模组的镜头前的滤镜。
  95. 如权利要求90所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述光学镜片为层叠结构。
  96. 如权利要求95所述的无人机，其特征在于：至少两个所述滤镜彼此可活动地连接，并能够分别移动至呈相互叠置的状态。
  97. 如权利要求81所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述光学镜片上设置有增透膜。
  98. 如权利要求97所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述增透膜设置在所述光学镜片的两侧。
  99. 如权利要求97所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述增透膜设置在所述光学镜片上朝向所述成像模组的一侧。
  100. 如权利要求97所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述增透膜设置在所述光学镜片上背离所述成像模组的一侧。
  101. 如权利要求97所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述光学镜片上设置有加硬膜，以增强所述光学镜片的硬度和耐磨性。
  102. 如权利要求101所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述加硬膜设置在所述光学镜片与所述增透膜之间。
  103. 如权利要求102所述的光学外罩，其特征在于：所述光学镜片上设置有防油污膜，以防止所述光学镜片油质物侵蚀或污染。
  104. 如权利要求103所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述防油污膜设置在所述光学镜片背离所述成像模组的一侧，且位于所述增透膜背离所述加硬膜的一侧。
  105. 如权利要求103所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述防油污膜上设置有疏水涂层，所述疏水涂层用于防止所述光学镜片上凝聚有水滴影响所述成像模组的成像质量。
  106. 如权利要求81所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述光学镜片上设置有保护膜层，以防止所述光学镜片被腐蚀、磨损或刮伤。
  107. 如权利要求77所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述装设件与所述镜片组件为一体成型结构。
  108. 如权利要求77所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述装设件与所述镜片组件为分体式结构，所述镜片组件能够拆卸地装设在所述装设件上。
  109. 如权利要求77所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述装设件能够拆卸地装设在无人机上。
  110. 如权利要求77所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述装设件能够相对所述无人机的壳体翻转，以使所述光学外罩能够罩设所述成像模组或者使所述成像模组裸露于空气中。
  111. 如权利要求77所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述拍摄装置还包括增稳机构，所述增稳机构设置在所述成像模组与所述无人机之间，以对所述成像模组进行增稳并用于调整所述成像模组的拍摄姿态。
  112. 如权利要求111所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述光学外罩通过所述装设件连接所述无人机时，所述光学外罩包覆所述成像模组及所述增稳机构，并对所述成像模组及所述增稳机构进行保护。
  113. 如权利要求112所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述装设件上设置有安装标识，以允许所述成像模组通过所述安装标识识别所述装设件是否罩设所述成像模组。
  114. 如权利要求113所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述拍摄装置还包括控制器，所述拍摄装置开始工作时，所述控制器控制所述增稳机构驱动所述成像模组运动，使所述成像模组的镜头朝向设置有所述安装标识的方向扫描，当所述成像模组的镜头识别出所述安装标识存在时，所述控制器设定所述增稳机构驱动所述成像模组的转动范围为预设范围。
  115. 如权利要求113所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述安装标识为二维码或条形码，所述安装标识设置在所述安装件上朝向所述成像模组的一侧。
  116. 如权利要求113所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述装设件由黑色不透光材质制成。
  117. 如权利要求112所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述装设件与所述无人机之间的连接为密封连接。
  118. 如权利要求111所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述增稳机构为增稳云台。
  119. 如权利要求111所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述增稳机构为三轴增稳云台。
  120. 如权利要求111所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述拍摄装置还包括减震机构，所述减震机构设置在所述增稳机构与所述无人机之间。
  121. 如权利要求77所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述成像模组为摄像头或相机。
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