WO2017196202A1

WO2017196202A1 - Charge

Info

Publication number: WO2017196202A1
Application number: PCT/RU2016/000279
Authority: WO
Inventors: Юрий Петрович ТРЕФИЛОВ
Original assignee: Юрий Петрович ТРЕФИЛОВ
Priority date: 2016-05-10
Filing date: 2016-05-10
Publication date: 2017-11-16
Also published as: US20180259306A1

Abstract

A charge comprises a case, the bottom 1 of which has disposed therein an explosive cartridge 2, on the inside surface of which cartridge 2 there is mounted a liner 3. Opposite the bottom 1, an upper portion 5 of the case is cylindrical and threaded and is provided with a threaded bushing 4, which is mounted such as to abut the liner 3 and has a through aperture with a diameter that is less than the inside diameter of the liner 3. The threaded sleeve 4 has an internal or an external thread and the upper portion 5 of the case has an external or an internal thread accordingly. The threaded sleeve 4 has recesses about its periphery for the installation of a removable turning means. The bottom 1 of the case and the outside surface of the cartridge 2 are conical. The liner 3 is configured with a cylindrical shoulder in its upper part and has a height which is greater than that of the explosive cartridge 2. The claimed design provides a simplified technique for assembling and disassembling a charge; storage and transportation safety; and the possibility of reusing components after disassembly.

Description

Charge

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to designs of charges of directional action, and can be used for crushing rocks, metal structures, and also as an element of the design of the borehole charge.

State of the art

A directional charge is known, including a cylindrical body with explosive inside and an end cumulative funnel, a charge initiation unit, an opposed cumulative funnel, a tubular mesh insert coaxially installed inside the case (SU 145385).

Known charge directional action, including the explosive charge placed in a hollow housing consisting of an outer shell, a cone-shaped cumulative recess with a Central hole at the top, a cover with a cylindrical sleeve with a through hole and initiator (GB 1243647).

Known charge directional action, including an explosive charge placed in a hollow housing consisting of an outer shell, a cone-shaped cumulative recess with a Central hole at the top, a cover with a cylindrical sleeve with a through hole and initiator, characterized in that the outer shell and the cone-shaped cumulative recess is made all-in-one, the cone-shaped cumulative recess is made of longitudinal elements conjugated with each other, oriented vertices to the Central hole of the recess, and fitted with a tubular element with an axial channel, the lower part of the tubular element is connected with a cone-shaped cumulative recess by means of longitudinal elements, and the axial channel is in communication with the central hole and made with a variable cross section, the lower part adjacent to the central hole is made conical and the upper is cylindrical the tubular element is made with a part protruding above the lid. Through hole the cylindrical sleeve of the cover is made in the form of truncated cones opposite to the tops (RU 2192609).

Known explosive charge containing a housing with an enclosed explosive and a detonator located in the neck of the housing, characterized in that the detonator is made in the form of a detonating cord passing through a threaded sleeve in the neck and having a node inside the housing. The tail of the charge is equipped with a socket for a connecting sleeve for collecting charges in a garland (RU 10451).

A known charge containing a housing, in the bottom of which is placed with the possibility of dismantling an explosive bomb (BB), the upper part opposite to the bottom is cylindrical, and a cumulative funnel is mounted with the possibility of dismantling on the inner surface of the bomb, while the housing is equipped with a threaded sleeve connected to its upper part threaded connection. It is not provided anywhere and does not confirm the possibility of its dismantling and / or dismantling (extraction) of the explosives BB 204 and / or BB 214 for separate transportation of explosives and metal parts (US 2013112411, prototype).

The possibility of dismantling the threaded sleeve and, therefore, the explosive checkers can only be imagined in connection with the presence of a threaded connection, which does not have to be collapsible. At the same time, there are no structural elements for installing a removable-mounted rotation means, without which it is impossible to rotate (screw-fasten) the threaded sleeve without risk of damage to the parts of the charge, including the explosive checker. The possibility of dismantling the threaded sleeve and, therefore, the explosive checkers, as well as their repeated installation is not specified in any way in the description of the known charge and is not based on the drawings. But even assuming this possibility, the disadvantages of the known charge are the difficulty of mounting and dismounting the threaded sleeve, since it is not possible without deformation of the additional explosive placed on it and without uncontrolled deformation of the main explosive checker. The threaded part (sleeve 222) itself does not have parts or surfaces to hold it when screwing / screwing with the body. This also excludes the possibility of its guaranteed installation with emphasis on a cumulative funnel without uncontrolled deformation of the explosive checkers, allows instability of the characteristics of the charges due to the influence of the variation of the assembly parameters. In general, there is no possibility of visual monitoring of the state of the explosive checker and the funnel after assembly, storage, transportation, installation and dismantling of the explosive checker.

As a result of the aforementioned known charge, there is a complexity and low reliability of fixing the explosive drafts requiring the operation of pressing the explosive drafts (EX) and a cumulative funnel, requiring highly qualified personnel and sophisticated equipment, fixing the funnel by applying paint, as well as the high complexity of charge discharge - extraction of the pressed explosive checker after the expiration of the storage period or for periodic selective verification of the physical and chemical properties of explosives. The explosive checker can be made by pressing directly into the charge housing, either separately or together with a cumulative funnel. In any case, the formation and fixation of the explosive checker in the housing is a responsible controlled operation, since the explosive checker is held in the housing only by friction. The funnel in this case is fixed, for example, with paint. The permissible technological variation in the dimensions of the housing, funnel and explosive checkers should be minimal to ensure guaranteed fixation of the explosive checkers and funnel in the housing. When assembling, a controlled pressing force is required. The charge assembly process should be carried out at a manufacturing enterprise with special equipment and qualified personnel. Therefore, transportation of charges for storage to the arsenal is carried out only in assembled form. Since the transported charge is equipped with a VB saber, transportation requirements are imposed to ensure the safe transportation of explosives in accordance with GOST 14839.20-77 "Industrial explosives. Packaging, labeling, transportation and storage." The mass of the metal of the charge housing is several times greater than the mass of explosives in it, however, all this mass must be transported in compliance with the requirements of GOST 14839-77, which requires appropriate vehicles (wagons, cars) equipped with protective devices and trained accompanying personnel.

Thus, when using the design of known charges, it is necessary to consider:

- the complexity of equipment, equipment and the process of pressing (manufacturing) charges;

- uncontrolled deformation (violation of the integrity, geometry) of a thin-walled funnel during charge pressing;

- uncontrolled adhesion (adhesion) of the explosive checker to the charge casing and the cumulative funnel to the explosive checker;

instability of the characteristics of the charges due to the influence of the variation of the assembly parameters;

- the impossibility of quick disassembly of charges without special equipment, as a result of which the disposal of defective and worn-out products is most often carried out by burning or undermining at special landfills;

- the impossibility or complexity of the secondary use of parts disassembled charges.

Disclosure of the invention

The technical problem to which the invention is directed is to create an effective charge design that meets modern requirements and expand the arsenal of effective charge designs.

The technical result that provides a solution to the problem is to increase security and simplify the manufacturing technology, transportation and disposal of charges.

This reduces the complexity of mounting and dismounting the threaded sleeve, as it is possible without uncontrolled deformation of the explosive checkers. A threaded sleeve is provided with a surface (the inner surface of the hole directly in the threaded sleeve) to hold it when screwing / screwing with the body. This also provides the possibility of its guaranteed installation with emphasis on a cumulative funnel without uncontrolled deformation of the explosive checkers, eliminates the instability of the characteristics of the charges due to the influence of the variation in the parameters of the assembly. In addition, it is possible to visually check the condition of the explosive checker and the funnel after assembly, storage, transportation, installation and dismantling of the explosive checker.

Due to the ability to exclude the pressing operation, since the explosive checker and the funnel are uniquely fixed from movement in the housing using a threaded part (sleeve, cover), providing the possibility of separate storage and transportation of the charge components, as well as the possibility of dismantling and reuse of their components. The fixation of the explosive checker and the cumulative funnel in the housing is determined not by pressing and / or adhesion, but by the presence of a part (sleeve) mounted on the thread. Equipment and unloading of the claimed charge (removing the explosives and funnels from the housing) are carried out as quickly as possible, simply and safely, since these operations do not require large mechanical impacts on the explosive. The technological variation in the dimensions of the housing and explosive checkers to ensure the clamping force can be quite large, since the size of the field of permissible size deviations can vary within wider limits. The explosive checker can be transported separately from the hull, which significantly reduces the volume of cargo, which requires safety requirements in accordance with GOST 14839-77.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the charge contains a housing, in the tapering bottom of which an explosive bomb is placed, a cumulative funnel is installed on the inner surface of the bomb, and the upper part opposite to the bottom is cylindrical with a thread and provided with a threaded sleeve, while the threaded sleeve is made with recesses along peripherals for installing removable-hinged turning means and with a through hole having a diameter smaller than the internal diameter of the cumulative funnel, and is installed with emphasis in the cumulative funnel.

In special cases of implementation, the upper part of the body is made with an external thread, and the threaded threaded sleeve with an internal thread, and with recesses in the form of blind holes for the spikes of a removable-wear turning means.

In other cases, the upper part of the housing is made with an internal thread, and the threaded threaded sleeve is with an external thread and with recesses in the form of radial grooves under the protrusions of the removable-worn turning means.

Preferably, the housing is configured to be fixedly mounted, and the threaded connection of the threaded sleeve to the upper portion of the housing is secured against self-unscrewing.

Preferably, the bottom of the body and the outer surface of the checker is conical, the checker is hollow with a conical inner surface, the cumulative funnel is made with a cylindrical girdle in the upper part and with a higher height than the explosive checker. Brief Description of the Drawings

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings:

The drawing of figure 1 shows a diagram of the charge and its assembly in the case of an external thread on the housing; figure 2 - diagram of the charge and its assembly in the case of internal threads on the housing; in Fig.Z - installation of removable-donning means of rotation on the charge made in Fig.1; in Fig.4 - installation of removable-donning means of rotation on the charge made in Fig.2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The charge contains a casing (metal, glass or plastic), in the bottom (lower part of the casing) 1 of which is placed an explosive block 2, and the upper part 5 opposite to the bottom 1 made cylindrical. The charge is equipped with a threaded threaded sleeve (removable donning cover) 4, and the upper part 5 of the housing is made with a thread for installation of the threaded sleeve 4 on it until it stops in a cumulative funnel 3, if any, or in a piece 2.

The hole 7 in the bottom 1, which serves to transmit detonation and cocking a charge, may not be through or drowned out by an insert (not shown).

In the case of the implementation shown in figure 1, the upper part 5 of the housing is made in the form of a glass (cover) with an external thread, and the threaded threaded sleeve 4 is with an internal thread and with a stop (persistent ledge) 6. The recesses are made in the form of blind cylindrical holes 8 under the cylindrical spikes 9 of the removable-donning means 10 of rotation.

The threaded bushing (pressure washer) 4 in this case is screwed onto the upper part 5 of the housing.

In the case of the implementation shown in figure 2, the upper part 5 of the housing is made with an internal thread, and the threaded threaded sleeve 4 is made in the form of a cylindrical clamping washer (cover) with an external (external) thread. The threaded sleeve (clamping washer) 4 in this case is screwed into the upper part 5 of the housing. The recesses are made in the form of diametrically opposite through radial (transverse) grooves 12 under the protrusions 13 of the removable-donning means 14 of rotation.

Threaded connections can be sealed with gaskets, seals, or sealants (not shown).

The bottom 1 and the upper part 5 of the housing can be made in the form of a single part or composite. The sleeve 4 can also be made in the form of a single part or composite, solid or with a through axial hole.

The bottom 1 of the housing and the outer surface of the checkers 2 are made, as a rule, conical.

Checker 2 is made, as a rule, hollow with a conical inner surface.

As a rule, a thin-walled conical cumulative funnel 3 is installed on the inner surface of the checker 2. Checkers BB 2 are made independently.

The checker 2 may be a product, both prefabricated from explosive (BB) (pressed, molded or polymerized, made by turning), and plastic explosive (BB),

The charge assembly is as follows.

In the case of the embodiment of FIG. 1, an explosive block 2 is inserted into the cone of the bottom 1 of the charge, a cumulative funnel 3 is inserted into the cone of the block 2, then a sleeve 4 is screwed onto the upper part of the body 5 until the end of the funnel 3 its presence, or the checkers 2 will not rest against a special ledge 6 of the sleeve 4. The screwing is carried out with a removable-mounted tool 10, the cylindrical spikes 9 of which are inserted into the holes 8 for this.

The removable-donning tool 10 is a round washer with a square key hole 11 and two spikes 9. The spikes 9 of the washer are inserted into the holes 8, and a key is inserted into the square hole 11 and twisting / unscrewing is performed.

In the case of the charge of FIG. 2, the explosive substance block 2 is inserted into the bottom cone 2, a cumulative funnel 3 is inserted into the block 2 cone, then the sleeve 4 is screwed into the upper part 5 of the charge case until it abuts against the end face cumulative funnel 3, if available, or at the end of the checker 2. The screwing is carried out using a removable-donning tool 14, the protrusions 13 of which are inserted for this into the grooves 12.

The removable-donning tool 14 is a plate with a length corresponding to the outer diameter of the sleeve 4. The protrusions 13 are inserted into the grooves 12, a large shelf of the plate rests on the walls of the housing 1, in order to avoid warping, falling through the charge. A square is attached to the center of the tool plate 14, onto which a key is inserted and twisted / untwisted. To perform the installation operation of the sleeve 4, the housing 1 is made with the possibility of its fixed installation (fixation), i.e. it is advisable to fix the housing 1 in the workplace. For example, on the surface of the housing 1 (on the outer conical or cylindrical part) two parallel grooves are made for fixing by external means. In other cases, use a special device, inside of which the lower part of the housing 1 is placed and is fixed from turning by a bolt through a through radially directed hole with a thread (not shown).

Thus, with each of these versions of figure 1 and figure 2, the checker 2 is uniquely fixed in the housing by connecting the threads of the upper part 5 of the housing with the thread of the sleeve 4.

In this case, the explosive block 2 and the cumulative funnel 3 are inserted into the body (shell) freely or with minimal effort, which does not require powerful industrial press equipment. The charge can be assembled, either manually or using devices with a controlled tightening force of the thread of the sleeve 4 on the charge housing, followed by locking the sleeve 4, for example, by tapping into the thread (CONNECT contrer. Prof. Lock, make it stationary) from self-unscrewing. Also, bonding agents, for example, sealant or glue, can be applied to the turns of the connection of the threaded sleeve 4 with the upper part 5 of the housing, which prevents unauthorized disassembly of the charge.

The checker can initially be fixed in the housing using threaded, key or other methods (not shown).

It is advisable to separately deliver the hulls and checkers of explosives to the storage location (arsenal), since the claimed design allows simple assembly of charges at the storage or operation site, which does not require industrial equipment and highly qualified personnel.

The bulk of the mass and volume of transported cargo are unloaded casings, the transportation of which does not have requirements for the safety of explosives, and general-purpose vehicles can be used. BB drafts are transported independently, by special transport, in compliance with the requirements for 00279

10 transportation of explosives. The mass of explosive drafts is several times less than the mass of the hulls and their transportation requires significantly less special vehicles (specially equipped wagons, cars) and trained accompanying personnel. For some explosives, it is possible to transport explosive drafts in water or a special inert liquid, which eliminates unauthorized access and mechanical impact on explosives in transport.

The use of charges is carried out in the usual way for their intended purpose to perform various engineering tasks or as ammunition. When using charges, an explosive explodes, generating heat and forming highly heated gases. Gases with high pressure produce a destructive effect, accompanied by the propagation of the so-called shock wave. Cumulative charges, in the explosion of which due to the presence of a funnel 3, a directional jet with a high shock concentration is formed, which provides a breakdown effect at a considerable depth, are used to pierce large thicknesses of armored and reinforced concrete structures.

Disassembly of the charge is carried out in the reverse order, and for this design are provided:

- the possibility, after removal of the sleeve 4, of technologically uncomplicated assembly and extraction (and even shaking) of the block 2 without destruction, which allows a more detailed study (density, geometry, detonation velocity, etc.) to determine the feasibility of disposal or the possibility of further use of the batch charges;

- the charge case (1.5), the explosive of the checkers 2 and the funnel 3 (in the case of a cumulative charge) are easily separated, can be reused or disposed of separately;

- explosive drafts 2 when installed in the housing and when removed from it is not subjected to physico-chemical modification;

- with this design of the charge is provided, if necessary, a guarantee of the disposal of all material BB explosive 2, as well as the reuse of parts. 2016/000279

eleven

Thus, in the proposed design, safety and simplification of the manufacturing and charge unloading technology, safety of storage and transportation, stability of explosive properties, with the possibility of full reuse of parts after disassembly are ensured.

Prototypes of the device have confirmed the achievement of the technical result and the feasibility of using the invention.

Industrial applicability

The present invention is implemented using modern equipment available in the industry.

Claims

12 Claims

1. A charge containing a housing, in the tapering bottom of which an explosive bomb is placed, a cumulative funnel is installed on the inner surface of the bomb, and the upper part opposite to the bottom is cylindrical with a thread and provided with a threaded sleeve, characterized in that the threaded sleeve is made with recesses around the periphery for install removable-mounted rotation means and with a through hole having a diameter smaller than the internal diameter of the cumulative funnel, and is installed with emphasis in the cumulative funnel.

2. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper part of the housing is made with an external thread, and the threaded threaded sleeve is with an internal thread, and with recesses in the form of blind holes for spikes of a removable-wear turning means.

3. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper part of the housing is made with an internal thread, and the threaded threaded sleeve is with an external thread and with recesses in the form of radial grooves for protrusions of a removable dressing turning means.

4. The charge according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the housing is made with the possibility of its fixed installation.

5. The charge according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the threaded connection of the threaded sleeve with the upper part of the housing is fixed from self-unscrewing.

6. The charge according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the bottom of the body and the outer surface of the checker are conical.

7. Charge according to any one of paragraphs. PP.1-3, characterized in that the checker is made hollow with a conical inner surface.

8. Charge according to any one of paragraphs. items 1-3, characterized in that the cumulative funnel is made with a cylindrical belt in the upper part and with a greater height than the explosive bomb.