RU165746U1 - CHARGE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. The charge containing the housing, the bottom of which is placed with the possibility of removing the explosive bomb, the opposite side of the inside of the housing is cylindrical and provided with a snap ring installed in the groove, characterized in that the groove is made with a conical inner surface, and the snap ring is made with conical outer surface, concentric inner conical surface of the groove, the height of which is greater than the height of the ring. 2. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that the groove is made in the form of a conical groove in the housing facing a large diameter to the bottom, and the retaining ring is C-shaped, with a trapezoidal cross section. 3. Charge according to any one of paragraphs. 1 or 2, characterized in that the outer diameter of the retaining ring in its free state is made larger than the maximum diameter of the housing groove, and the inner diameter of the retaining ring in its free state is made smaller than the diameter of the inner cylindrical part of the housing. 4. Charge according to any one of paragraphs. 1 or 2, characterized in that the snap ring is made at each free end of the cut with an earring having a mounting hole. 5. Charge according to any one of paragraphs. 1 or 2, characterized in that the circlip is made of spring steel.

Description

The utility model relates to designs of charges of directional action, and can be used for crushing rocks, metal structures, and also as an element of the design of the borehole charge. The proposed design is suitable for the use of explosive materials, both high explosive and cumulative, which are both prefabricated (extruded, molded by smelting or polymerization, made by turning), and checkers made of plastic explosive (BB), which are inserted into a collapsible or one-piece housing (metal, glass or plastic), and are fixed in them using threaded, key or other methods of fastening. A special case is the assembly of the charge in the composition with a cumulative funnel.

A directional charge is known, including a cylindrical body with explosive inside and an end cumulative funnel, a charge initiation unit, an opposed cumulative funnel, a tubular mesh insert coaxially installed inside the case (SU 145385).

A known charge, including an explosive charge, is housed in a hollow housing consisting of an outer shell, a conical shaped shaped recess with a central hole at the apex, a cap with a cylindrical sleeve with a through hole, and an initiator (GB 1243647).

Known charge directional action, including an explosive charge placed in a hollow housing consisting of an outer shell, a cone-shaped cumulative recess with a Central hole at the top, a cover with a cylindrical sleeve with a through hole and initiator, characterized in that the outer shell and the cone-shaped cumulative recess is made all-in-one, the cone-shaped cumulative recess is made of longitudinal elements conjugated with each other, oriented vertices to the Central hole of the recess, and fitted with a tubular element with an axial channel, the lower part of the tubular element is connected with a cone-shaped cumulative recess by means of longitudinal elements, and the axial channel is in communication with the central hole and made with a variable cross section, the lower part adjacent to the central hole is made conical and the upper is cylindrical the tubular element is made with a part protruding above the lid. The through hole of the cylindrical sleeve of the cover is made in the form of truncated cones counter-directed by the tops (RU 2192609).

Known explosive charge containing a housing with an enclosed explosive and a detonator located in the neck of the housing, characterized in that the detonator is made in the form of a detonating cord passing through a threaded sleeve in the neck and having a node inside the housing. The tail of the charge is equipped with a socket for a connecting sleeve for collecting charges in a garland (RU 10451).

A charge is known that contains a housing, in the bottom of which the explosive bomb can be dismantled, the upper part opposite to the bottom is cylindrical, and a cumulative funnel is mounted with the possibility of dismantling on the inner surface of the bomb, while a snap ring is installed in the housing groove, which prevents the explosive from moving material and sleeve in relation to the housing 10 "(US 2015292306, Fig. 3, prototype).

The disadvantages of the known charges are the complexity and low reliability of fixing the explosive pieces, requiring the operation of pressing the explosive (BB) and cumulative funnels, highly qualified personnel and sophisticated equipment, fixing the funnel by applying paint, as well as the high complexity of the charge discharge - removing the pressed explosive checkers after expiration of the storage period or for periodic selective verification of the physicochemical properties of explosives. During storage, transportation of charges, as a result of temperature changes from -50 to + 50 ° C, and in conditions of use where the temperature can exceed 200 ° C, because the charge components have a large difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion, it is possible to detach the funnel from the explosive checker, which leads to a sharp decrease in its efficiency.

Temperature and other deformations can lead to skew and / or jamming of the spring ring in the groove and completely or at least hinder the disassembly of the charge.

The slightest production or misalignment (eccentricity) or non-circularity of the mating parts of the charge entails an incomplete fit (air gaps) of the parts to each other, which causes the detonation and the process of charge accumulation to develop incorrectly, which at times reduces the penetration depth, in the worst case, to high-speed triggering of the charge (without the formation of a cumulative jet), which can lead to rupture of the punch and an emergency.

The explosive checker can be made by pressing directly into the charge housing, either separately or together with a cumulative funnel. In any case, the formation and fixation of the explosive checker in the housing is a responsible controlled operation if the explosive checker is held in the housing only by friction. The funnel in this case is fixed, for example, with paint. The permissible technological variation in the dimensions of the housing, funnel and explosive checkers should be minimal to ensure guaranteed fixation of the explosive checkers and funnel in the housing. When assembling, a controlled pressing force is required. The charge assembly process should be carried out at a manufacturing enterprise with special equipment and qualified personnel. Therefore, transportation of charges to places of storage and use can be carried out only in assembled form. Since the transported charge is equipped with an explosive saber, requirements for ensuring the safe transportation of explosives are presented for transportation. "Industrial explosives. Packaging, labeling, transportation and storage" GOST 14839-77.

The mass of the metal of the charge housing is several times greater than the mass of explosives in it, however, all this mass must be transported in compliance with the requirements of GOST 14839-77, which requires appropriate vehicles (wagons, cars) equipped with protective devices and trained accompanying personnel.

Thus, when using the design of known charges, it is necessary to consider:

- the complexity of equipment, equipment and the process of pressing (manufacturing) charges;

- uncontrolled production deformation (violation of integrity, geometry) of a thin-walled funnel during pressing of the explosive checker;

- uncontrolled deformation (violation of integrity, geometry) of the explosive checker and thin-walled funnel during transportation and storage;

- uncontrolled adhesion (adhesion) of the explosive checker to the charge casing and the cumulative funnel to the explosive checker;

- instability of the characteristics of charges due to the influence of production deviations (ovality, eccentricity), temperature deformations, and variation in assembly parameters;

- the unreliability of the installation and the possibility of jamming of the retaining ring in the groove, which can lead to the impossibility or laboriousness of the rapid disassembly of charges without special equipment, as a result of which it is unsafe or difficult to ensure the secondary use of parts of disassembled charges or the disposal of defective and unusable products.

The task to which the claimed utility model is directed is to create a design of charges that meet modern requirements for the performance and safety of their production, storage, transportation and use, as well as the possibility of separate transportation of its components and their safe disposal, both in the production places and applications, with the possibility of reuse of their components, i.e. creating an effective charge design that meets modern requirements and expanding the arsenal of effective charge designs.

The technical result that provides a solution to the problem is to simplify the assembly technology and increase the reliability of fixing the explosive pieces, increase the stability of the characteristics of the charges by eliminating or at least reducing the influence of production deviations (ovality, eccentricity), temperature deformations and the spread of assembly parameters to increase safety , as well as to simplify the manufacturing technology, transportation and disposal of charges. This is ensured by the conjugation of all parts, including the spring ring, on the conical surfaces, the ability to exclude the pressing operation, since the explosive checker and funnel are uniquely fixed from movement in the housing with the help of a conical spring ring, ensuring quick disassembly and assembly and the possibility of separate storage and transportation of components charges, as well as the possibility of dismantling and reusing their components. The fixation of the explosive checker and the cumulative funnel in the housing is determined not by pressing and / or adhesion, but by the presence of a spring ring. Equipment and unloading of the claimed charge (removing the explosives and funnels from the body) are performed as quickly as possible, simply and safely, since these operations do not require significant mechanical effects on the explosive. The technological variation in the dimensions of the case and explosive checkers to ensure the clamping force of their mating conical surfaces can be quite large, since the field of permissible size deviations can vary within wider limits and is compensated without additional operations due to the possibility of self-installation on conical surfaces. The explosive checker can be temporarily dismantled and transported separately from the hull, which significantly reduces the volume of cargo, which is subject to safety requirements in accordance with GOST 14839-77.

The essence of the utility model consists in the fact that the charge contains a housing, in the bottom of which the explosive bomb is dismantled, and the inside of the housing opposite to the bottom is cylindrical and provided with a snap ring mounted in the groove, characterized in that the groove is made with a conical inner surface, and the retaining ring installed in the said groove is made with a conical outer surface, a concentric inner conical surface of the groove, the height of which is made greater height of the ring.

In this case, the groove is made in the form of a conical groove in the housing facing a large diameter to the bottom, and the circlip is C-shaped, with a trapezoidal cross section, the outer diameter of the circlip in its free state is made larger than the maximum diameter of the casing groove, and the inner diameter of the circlip in its free state is made smaller than the diameter of the inner cylindrical part of the housing, a snap ring is made at each free end of the cut with an earring having a mounting hole, stop Noe ring is made of spring steel.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings, which are not covered and, moreover, do not limit the entire scope of the claims of this technical solution, but are only illustrative material of a particular case of execution.

In the drawing of FIG. 1 shows a set of parts charge in bulk; in FIG. 2 - charge assembly, in FIG. 3 is a section through a snap ring of FIG. 2 in FIG. 4 is an enlarged section through two positions of the spring ring.

The charge contains a casing 1 (metal, glass or plastic), in the conical bottom of which a conical hollow bomb 2 of explosive (BB) and a hollow thin-walled conical shaped funnel (metal cladding) 3 are placed with the possibility of dismantling, and the inside of the casing 1 opposite the bottom is cylindrical . A groove 5 with a conical inner surface is made on the inner cylindrical surface of the housing 1, and the locking element is made in the form of a split C-shaped retaining ring 4 mounted with the possibility of dismounting into the said groove 5, made with a conical outer (peripheral) surface, concentric (equidistant) inner the conical surface of the groove 5, the height of which is made greater than the height of the ring 4. In the drawing of FIG. 1 snap C-ring 4 is conventionally shown in two parts.

The groove 5 is made in the form of a conical groove in the body facing a large diameter to the bottom, and ring 4 is made with a conical outer (peripheral) surface, i.e. with trapezoidal cross section.

The outer diameter of the circlip 4 in its free state is made larger than the maximum diameter of the housing groove 5, and the inner diameter of the circlip 4 in its free state is made smaller than the diameter of the inner cylindrical part of the housing 1.

A retaining ring 4 is made at each free end of the cut with an earring (eye) having a mounting hole (not marked).

The circlip 4 is made equally rigid (pressing fixed parts with uniform force along the entire perimeter), from a steel spring or from polymeric materials, or from other materials ensuring the reliability of charge assembly.

The checker 2 may be a product, both prefabricated from explosive (BB) (pressed, molded or polymerized, made by turning), and plastic explosive (BB),

The hole in the bottom of the housing 1, which serves to transmit detonation and cocking a charge, may not be through or drowned out by an insert (not shown).

The charge is assembled in the following way: in the cone of the charge housing 1, the explosive substance checker 2 is inserted, a cumulative funnel 3 is inserted into the cone of the checker 2, then a snap ring 4 is installed over the funnel 3, and fixed in the groove (groove) 5 housing 1 charge. The circlip 4 is mounted (or removed) using a special tool - forceps (puller), for this ring 4 has "earrings" (ears) with mounting holes. When installing, the retaining ring 4 is compressed (curled) with tongs in the radial direction and inserted into the annular groove 5 of the housing 1. After removing the tongs, the retaining ring 4 abuts the conical wall of the groove 5 with its outer cone, thereby creating and maintaining the pressing force rings 4 to the wall of the groove 5, and due to concentricity and evenness of rigidity, the pressing is carried out while maintaining the correctness of the shapes of the contacting surfaces, providing an even force chum parts over the entire mating conical surface.

The outer surface of the retaining ring 4 is made conical, the angle of which is equal to the angle of the wall of the groove of the housing, so that the spring force of the retaining ring when it rests against the cone in the groove 5 of the housing 1 is converted into a force that compresses the charge components between themselves, namely the funnel 3, checker BB 2 in the case of 1 charge.

The groove 5 in the housing 1 of the charge is greater in height than the height (or transverse thickness) of the retaining ring 4, to compensate for manufacturing tolerances of 1-3 charges, as well as to compensate for their temperature deformations that occur during storage, transportation and use of charges. This design of the charge allows you to reliably fix the package, including the checker BB 2 and the funnel 3 in the housing 1 charge, while compensating for temperature and other deformations.

If necessary, the disassembly of the charge is carried out in the reverse order, by removing the retaining ring 4 using forceps (device type "puller").

The diameter of the retaining ring 4 in its free state is slightly larger than the maximum diameter of the conical groove 5 inside the housing 1. Thus, the spring force of the retaining ring 4 when it rests against the cone in the groove 5 of the housing 1 causes it to slide down the cone (inside the housing) and thereby fixes and creates a force compressing the components of the charge between themselves, namely the funnel 3, the checker BB 2 in the charge housing 1.

This virtually eliminates the influence of technological errors, including geometry: misalignment, ovality, any significant incomplete fit (air gaps) of the parts between each other is not allowed. As a result, the correct directional development of detonation and the process of charge accumulation is ensured, which increases the stability of their operating characteristics (hole diameter and penetration depth), high-speed charge operation (without the formation of a cumulative stream), rupture of the perforator, and an emergency are not allowed.

Since in the claimed design all parts 1-4, for ease of alignment during assembly, are made mating on coaxial conical surfaces, their fit between each other does not depend on external conditions (shaking, temperature changes, etc.), simultaneously with the exception or, to a lesser extent, by a significant reduction in the negative effect of production deviations in the sizes and shapes of parts).

It is advisable to deliver the casings 1 and the BB 2 checkers to the storage location (arsenal) separately, since the claimed design allows simple assembly of charges at the storage or operation site, which does not require industrial equipment and highly qualified personnel.

The bulk of the mass and volume of transported cargo are unloaded casings, the transportation of which does not have requirements for the safety of explosives, and general-purpose vehicles can be used. Explosive checkers are transported independently, by special transport, in compliance with the requirements for the transportation of explosives. The mass of explosive drafts is several times less than the mass of the hulls and their transportation requires significantly less special vehicles (specially equipped wagons, cars) and trained accompanying personnel. For some explosives, it is possible to transport explosive drafts in water or a special inert liquid, which eliminates unauthorized access and mechanical impact on explosives in transport.

The use of charges is carried out in the usual way for their intended purpose to perform various engineering tasks or as ammunition. When using charges, the explosive decomposes, generating heat and forming a large number of highly compressed gases. High-pressure gases produce a destructive effect, accompanied by the propagation of the so-called shock wave. Cumulative charges, in the explosion of which due to the presence of a funnel 3, a directional jet with a high shock concentration is formed, which provides a breakdown effect at a considerable depth, are used to pierce large thicknesses of armored and reinforced concrete structures.

Disassembly of the charge is carried out in the reverse order, and for this design are provided:

- the possibility of technologically simple assembly and extraction (and even shaking after removing ring 4) of the block 2 without destruction, which allows for a more detailed study (density, geometry, detonation speed, etc.) to determine the feasibility of disposal or the possibility of further use of the party charges;

- the charge housing 1, the explosive of the checkers 2 and the funnel 3 (in the case of a cumulative charge) are easily separated, can be reused or disposed of separately;

- explosive drafts 2 when installed in the housing 1 and when removed from it is not subjected to physico-chemical modification;

- with this design of the charge is provided, if necessary, a guarantee of the disposal of all material BB explosive 2, as well as reuse of parts.

Thus, in the proposed design due to the use of a retaining ring, assembly technology is simplified and the reliability of fixing the explosive pieces is improved, the characteristics of charges are stabilized by eliminating or at least reducing the influence of production deviations (ovality, eccentricity), temperature deformations, and variation in assembly parameters . As a result, there is an increase in safety, as well as a simplification of the technology for the manufacture, transportation and disposal of charges. This is achieved by pairing all the parts into a bag, including the spring ring, on conical surfaces, the ability to exclude the pressing operation, since the explosive checker and funnel are uniquely fixed from movement in the housing with the help of a conical spring ring, preventing it from jamming, ensuring quick disassembly - assembly and the possibility of separate storage and transportation of charge components, as well as the possibility of dismantling and reuse of their components. The fixation of the explosive checker and the cumulative funnel in the housing is determined not by pressing and / or adhesion, but by the presence of a spring ring. The equipment and discharging of the claimed charge (removing the explosive checkers and funnels from the case) are carried out as quickly as possible, simply and safely, since these operations do not require significant mechanical impacts on the explosive, the snap ring is removed along the conical surface as quickly and conveniently as possible. The technological variation in the dimensions of the case and explosive checkers to ensure the clamping force of their mating conical surfaces can be quite large, since the field of permissible size deviations can vary within wider limits. The explosive checker can be transported separately from the hull, which significantly reduces the volume of cargo, which is subject to safety requirements in accordance with GOST 14839-77.

Prototypes of the device have confirmed the achievement of the technical result and the feasibility of using the utility model.

Claims (5)

1. The charge containing the housing, the bottom of which is placed with the possibility of removing the explosive bomb, the opposite side of the inside of the housing is cylindrical and provided with a snap ring installed in the groove, characterized in that the groove is made with a conical inner surface, and the snap ring is made with conical outer surface, concentric inner conical surface of the groove, the height of which is greater than the height of the ring. 2. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that the groove is made in the form of a conical groove in the housing facing a large diameter to the bottom, and the retaining ring is C-shaped, with a trapezoidal cross section. 3. The charge according to any one of paragraphs. 1 or 2, characterized in that the outer diameter of the retainer ring in its free state is made larger than the maximum diameter of the housing groove, and the inner diameter of the retainer ring in its free state is made smaller than the diameter of the inner cylindrical part of the housing. 4. The charge according to any one of paragraphs. 1 or 2, characterized in that the retaining ring is made at each free end of the cut with an earring having a mounting hole. 5. The charge according to any one of paragraphs. 1 or 2, characterized in that the circlip is made of spring steel.

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