WO2017190307A1 - 一种磁共振谱仪及基于fpga的磁共振谱仪控制装置 - Google Patents

一种磁共振谱仪及基于fpga的磁共振谱仪控制装置 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2017190307A1
WO2017190307A1 PCT/CN2016/081119 CN2016081119W WO2017190307A1 WO 2017190307 A1 WO2017190307 A1 WO 2017190307A1 CN 2016081119 W CN2016081119 W CN 2016081119W WO 2017190307 A1 WO2017190307 A1 WO 2017190307A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
microwave
control device
control unit
unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/081119
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
荣星
石致富
秦熙
谢一进
王淋
蒋振
杜江峰
Original Assignee
中国科学技术大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中国科学技术大学 filed Critical 中国科学技术大学
Priority to EP16900829.9A priority Critical patent/EP3454052B1/en
Priority to US16/097,772 priority patent/US11002695B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2016/081119 priority patent/WO2017190307A1/zh
Publication of WO2017190307A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017190307A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
    • G01R33/32—Excitation or detection systems, e.g. using radio frequency signals
    • G01R33/36—Electrical details, e.g. matching or coupling of the coil to the receiver
    • G01R33/3607—RF waveform generators, e.g. frequency generators, amplitude-, frequency- or phase modulators or shifters, pulse programmers, digital to analog converters for the RF signal, means for filtering or attenuating of the RF signal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N24/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects
    • G01N24/10—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects by using electron paramagnetic resonance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
    • G01R33/32—Excitation or detection systems, e.g. using radio frequency signals
    • G01R33/36—Electrical details, e.g. matching or coupling of the coil to the receiver
    • G01R33/3621—NMR receivers or demodulators, e.g. preamplifiers, means for frequency modulation of the MR signal using a digital down converter, means for analog to digital conversion [ADC] or for filtering or processing of the MR signal such as bandpass filtering, resampling, decimation or interpolation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/60—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using electron paramagnetic resonance

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of magnetic resonance and automatic control technologies, and more particularly to a magnetic resonance spectrometer and an FPGA-based magnetic resonance spectrometer control device.
  • Electron Paramagnetic Resonance is a spectroscopy method for detecting unpaired electrons in a sample and is widely used in the fields of chemistry, physics, materials, environment, life sciences, and medicine.
  • the working mode of the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer applied in the paramagnetic resonance experiment is mainly divided into a pulse wave mode and a continuous wave mode.
  • Electron paramagnetic resonance technology usually uses continuous wave or pulse wave microwave signals to excite electron spins, and finally uses electronic readout to measure the quantum states of electron spins.
  • the microwave signal is mainly generated by an arbitrary waveform generator, a square wave generator and necessary microwave devices, and the electronic readout is mainly performed by a data acquisition unit based on high-speed analog-digital conversion technology.
  • the existing integrated paramagnetic resonance spectrometer with integrated pulse wave mode and continuous wave mode usually adopts an independent arbitrary waveform generator, a square wave generator and a data acquisition unit, and the above modules are respectively controlled by the upper computer software.
  • each module uses its own clock reference source to achieve synchronization through asynchronous triggering, resulting in poor synchronism of the spectrometer, which is difficult to apply to occasions with high time resolution.
  • the system has many kinds of equipments, low integration, high cost, complicated in software and hardware, not easy to debug, and difficult to maintain.
  • the present invention provides a magnetic resonance spectrometer and an FPGA-based magnetic resonance spectrometer control device.
  • the control device has high synchronism, and can improve the time resolution of the magnetic resonance spectrometer, and has high integration and design flexibility.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • An FPGA-based magnetic resonance spectrometer control device is applied to an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer, the paramagnetic resonance spectrometer comprising: a host computer, a microwave transceiver, a sample chamber, and the microwave transceiver has a microwave switch;
  • the control device includes: a control unit and a conversion receiving unit, the control unit including a clock Source; among them,
  • the control unit is configured to receive waveform data and a control instruction sent by the upper computer, generate a working clock signal according to the clock signal generated by the clock source, and select a preset working mode of the control device according to the control instruction, where
  • the preset working modes include a continuous wave mode and a pulse wave mode;
  • the control unit When the control device is in the pulse wave mode, the control unit generates a first digital signal according to the waveform data sent by the upper computer under the trigger of the working clock signal; the conversion receiving unit is configured to receive the The first digital signal is processed by the first digital signal and the first microwave signal generated by the microwave transceiver under the trigger of the working clock signal to generate a second microwave signal and sent to the sample cavity, and the excitation station
  • the sample in the sample chamber generates a third microwave signal carrying sample information; and receives the third microwave signal, converts it into a second digital signal carrying sample information, and returns to the control unit for the control
  • the unit sends the second digital signal to the upper computer to obtain sample information;
  • the control unit controls the conversion receiving unit to generate a reference signal, and controls the microwave transceiver to send a first microwave signal to the sample cavity to excite the sample cavity
  • the sample generates a fourth microwave signal carrying sample information
  • the conversion receiving unit is configured to receive a fourth microwave signal modulated by the reference signal, and convert the fourth microwave signal modulated by the reference signal into a carried
  • the control unit sends the third digital signal to the upper computer to obtain sample information
  • the control unit is disposed in a field programmable gate array FPGA.
  • the waveform data is pulse waveform data
  • the second microwave signal and the third microwave signal are pulse microwave signals.
  • the conversion receiving unit includes a waveform conversion unit and a signal receiving unit;
  • the waveform conversion unit is configured to receive the first digital signal when the control device is in a pulse wave mode, and generate the first digital signal to the microwave transceiver by triggering the working clock signal
  • the first microwave signal is processed to generate a second microwave signal, the second microwave signal is used to excite the sample in the sample cavity to generate a third microwave signal carrying the sample information;
  • the signal receiving unit is configured to receive a third microwave signal in the form of the pulsed microwave signal, convert it into a second digital signal carrying sample information, and return to the control unit, so that the control unit will carry sample information
  • the second digital signal is sent to the upper computer to obtain sample information.
  • control device further includes a control clock management unit
  • the control clock management unit is configured to receive the working clock signal output by the control unit, and perform frequency adjustment and adjustment of driving capability, and then transmit to the waveform converting unit and the signal receiving unit.
  • the fourth microwave signal is a continuous microwave signal.
  • the conversion receiving unit includes a waveform conversion unit and a signal receiving unit;
  • the microwave transceiver transmits a continuous microwave signal to the sample chamber when the control device is in a continuous wave mode, the continuous microwave signal being used to excite a sample in the sample chamber to generate a continuous microwave signal carrying sample information.
  • the signal receiving unit transmits a reference signal under control of the control unit; the signal receiving unit is configured to receive a fourth microwave signal in the form of a continuous microwave signal carrying sample information modulated by the reference signal, and convert the same
  • the third digital signal carrying the sample information is returned to the control unit, so that the control unit sends the third digital signal carrying the sample information to the upper computer to obtain the sample information.
  • control device further includes a storage unit, and the preset working mode further includes a storage mode;
  • control unit When the control device is in the storage mode, the control unit transmits the waveform data transmitted by the upper computer to the storage unit for storage.
  • control unit when the control device is in the pulse wave mode, the control unit is configured to read the waveform data sent by the upper computer from the storage unit, and process the same to generate a first digital signal.
  • the preset working mode further includes a square wave mode
  • control unit When the control device is in the square wave mode, the control unit generates a first square wave signal according to the waveform data sent by the upper computer under the trigger of the working clock signal;
  • the conversion receiving unit is configured to receive the first square wave signal, and perform level adjustment to obtain a second square wave signal and output the microwave switch to the microwave transceiver for driving the microwave switch to generate a microwave pulse signal for exciting a sample in the sample chamber to generate a fourth microwave signal carrying sample information; after receiving the fourth microwave signal, the signal receiving unit The fourth digital signal converted to carry the sample information is returned to the control unit, so that the control unit sends the fourth digital signal carrying the sample information to the upper computer to obtain the sample information.
  • a magnetic resonance spectrometer comprising at least one control device as described in any of the above embodiments.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a magnetic resonance spectrometer and an FPGA-based magnetic resonance spectrometer control apparatus, the control apparatus comprising: a control unit and a conversion receiving unit; wherein the control unit An internal integrated clock source, the control unit generates a working clock signal according to a clock signal generated by the clock source, and receives waveform data and a control command sent by the upper computer, and selects a pre-control device according to the control command.
  • the preset working mode includes a continuous wave mode and a pulse wave mode; when the control device is in a pulse wave mode, the control unit sends, according to the working clock signal, according to the upper computer
  • the waveform data generates a first digital signal;
  • the conversion receiving unit is configured to receive the first digital signal, and use the first digital signal and the first microwave generated by the microwave transceiver under the trigger of the working clock signal
  • the signal is processed to generate a second microwave signal and sent to the sample chamber to excite the sample in the sample chamber to generate Carrying a third microwave signal with sample information; and receiving the third microwave signal, converting it to a second digital signal carrying sample information, and returning to the control unit, so that the control unit will use the second number Sending a signal to the host computer for obtaining sample information;
  • the control unit controls the conversion receiving unit to generate a reference signal, and controls the microwave transceiver to send the first microwave to the sample cavity Transmitting a sample in the sample chamber to generate a fourth microwave
  • the electronic paramagnetic resonance spectrometer control device with separate clock sources has high synchronism, and the higher the synchronism of the control device, the second microwave in the form of pulses generated by the electronic paramagnetic resonance spectrometer under its control
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an FPGA-based magnetic resonance spectrometer control apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a control unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a conversion receiving unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a waveform conversion unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a signal receiving unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a control unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an FPGA-based magnetic resonance spectrometer control apparatus according to a specific preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the existing paramagnetic resonance spectrometer usually adopts an independent arbitrary waveform generator, a square wave generator, and a data acquisition unit to realize microwave generation and data acquisition, and realizes the above modules by the upper computer software respectively. control.
  • each module uses its own clock reference source to achieve synchronization through asynchronous triggering, resulting in poor synchronism of the spectrometer, which is difficult to apply to occasions with high time resolution.
  • the system has many kinds of equipments, low integration, high cost, complicated in software and hardware, not easy to debug, and difficult to maintain.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an FPGA-based magnetic resonance spectrometer control device, which is applied to an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer, and the paramagnetic resonance spectrometer includes: a host computer, a microwave transceiver, and a sample chamber;
  • the control device includes: a control unit and a conversion receiving unit, wherein the control unit includes a clock source;
  • the control unit is configured to receive waveform data and a control instruction sent by the upper computer, generate a working clock signal according to the clock signal generated by the clock source, and select a preset working mode of the control device according to the control instruction, where
  • the preset working modes include a continuous wave mode and a pulse wave mode;
  • the control unit When the control device is in the pulse wave mode, the control unit generates a first digital signal according to the waveform data sent by the upper computer under the trigger of the working clock signal; the conversion receiving unit is configured to receive the The first digital signal is processed by the first digital signal and the first microwave signal generated by the microwave transceiver under the trigger of the working clock signal to generate a second microwave signal and sent to the sample cavity, and the excitation station
  • the sample in the sample chamber generates a third microwave signal carrying sample information; and receives the third microwave signal, converts it into a second digital signal carrying sample information, and returns to the control unit for the control
  • the unit sends the second digital signal to the upper computer to obtain sample information;
  • the control unit controls the conversion receiving unit to generate a reference signal, and controls the microwave transceiver to send a first microwave signal to the sample cavity to excite the sample cavity
  • the sample generates a fourth microwave signal carrying sample information
  • the conversion receiving unit is configured to receive a fourth microwave signal modulated by the reference signal, and convert the fourth microwave signal modulated by the reference signal into a carried
  • the control unit sends the third digital signal to the upper computer to obtain sample information
  • the control unit is disposed in a field programmable gate array FPGA.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a magnetic resonance spectrometer and an FPGA-based magnetic resonance spectrometer control apparatus, the control apparatus comprising: a control unit and a conversion receiving unit; wherein the control unit An internal integrated clock source, the control unit is configured to receive waveform data and a control command sent by the upper computer, generate a working clock signal according to a clock signal generated by the clock source, and select a pre-control device according to the control command Setting a working mode, the preset working mode includes a continuous wave mode and a pulse wave mode; when the control device is in a pulse wave mode, the control unit sends, according to the working clock signal, according to the upper computer The waveform data generates a first digital signal; the conversion receiving unit is configured to receive the first digital signal, and use the first digital signal and the first microwave generated by the microwave transceiver under the trigger of the working clock signal The signal is processed to generate a second microwave signal and sent to the sample chamber to excite the sample in the sample chamber to generate Carrying
  • Controlling the synchronization of the operating clock signals of the same origin is relatively high, and thus the control device has higher synchronism than the electronic paramagnetic resonance spectrometer using a plurality of separate clock sources in the prior art.
  • the minimum resolution of the pulse width and pulse relative delay of the second microwave signal in the form of pulses generated by the electronic paramagnetic resonance spectrometer under control Among the higher resolution.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides an FPGA-based magnetic resonance spectrometer control device, which is applied to an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer, and the paramagnetic resonance spectrometer comprises: a host computer, a microwave transceiver, and a sample cavity;
  • the control device includes: a control unit 200 and a conversion receiving unit 300, the control unit 200 includes a clock source 100;
  • the control unit 200 is configured to receive waveform data and a control instruction sent by the upper computer, generate a working clock signal according to the clock signal generated by the clock source 100, and select a preset working mode of the control device according to the control instruction.
  • the preset working mode includes a continuous wave mode and a pulse wave mode;
  • the control unit 200 When the control device is in the pulse wave mode, the control unit 200 generates a first digital signal according to the waveform data sent by the upper computer under the trigger of the working clock signal; the conversion receiving unit 300 is configured to receive The first digital signal is processed by the first digital signal and the first microwave signal generated by the microwave transceiver to generate a second microwave under the trigger of the working clock signal Transmitting and transmitting to the sample chamber, exciting a sample in the sample chamber to generate a third microwave signal carrying sample information; and receiving the third microwave signal to convert it into a second digital signal carrying sample information Returning to the control unit 200, so that the control unit 200 sends the second digital signal carrying the sample information to the upper computer to obtain sample information;
  • the control unit 200 controls the conversion receiving unit 300 to generate a reference signal, and controls the microwave transceiver to send a first microwave signal to the sample cavity to excite the sample cavity
  • the sample in the sample generates a fourth microwave signal carrying the sample information
  • the conversion receiving unit 300 is configured to receive the fourth microwave signal modulated by the reference signal, and convert the fourth microwave signal modulated by the reference signal
  • the control unit 200 is disposed in a field programmable gate array FPGA.
  • the processing by the control unit 200 by using the first digital signal and the first microwave signal generated by the microwave transceiver generally includes performing digital-to-analog conversion of the first digital signal into a baseband signal, a baseband signal, and a The first microwave signal is modulated to generate a second microwave signal.
  • the foregoing process is only a general process for processing the first digital signal and the first microwave signal, which is not limited by the application, and is determined according to actual conditions.
  • the upper computer is respectively connected to the waveform generating unit, the communication control unit 200 and the data collecting unit of the control device, and the waveform generating unit, the communication control unit 200 and the data collecting unit are
  • the respective internal clock sources 100 provide respective clock signals for outputting continuous wave or pulse wave microwave signals to the sample chamber under the control of control commands transmitted thereto by the host computer.
  • the electronic paramagnetic resonance spectrometer under the control of the control device in the prior art can only output one or several microwave signals with fixed phase, amplitude and frequency, and the user cannot adjust the microwave output of the output according to actual experimental requirements or work purposes. The phase, amplitude and frequency of the signal are low for the user.
  • the clock source 100 is configured to generate a clock signal;
  • the control unit 200 is configured to receive waveform data and a control command sent by the upper computer and to receive the clock signal, according to the clock. Generating a working clock signal, and selecting a preset working mode of the control device according to the control instruction, the preset working mode comprising a continuous wave mode and a pulse wave mode; when the control device is in a pulse wave mode, the The control unit 200 is triggered by the working clock signal according to The waveform data sent by the upper computer generates a first digital signal; the conversion receiving unit 300 is configured to receive the first digital signal, and send and receive by using the first digital signal and the microwave under the trigger of the working clock signal The first microwave signal generated by the machine is processed to generate a second microwave signal and sent to the sample chamber, exciting the sample in the sample chamber to generate a third microwave signal carrying sample information; and receiving the third microwave signal Converting it to the second digital signal carrying the sample information and returning to the control unit 200, so that the control unit 200 sends the second digital
  • the conversion receiving unit 300 is configured to receive a fourth microwave signal modulated by the reference signal, and The fourth microwave signal modulated by the reference signal is converted into a third digital signal carrying sample information, and then returned to the control unit 200, so that the control unit 200 sends the third digital signal to the upper computer to obtain sample information.
  • Control of the magnetic resonance spectrometer the synchronization of the operating clock signals of the homologous is relatively high, so that the control device has an electronic paramagnetic resonance spectrometer control device using a plurality of separate clock sources 100 in the prior art.
  • Higher synchronism, and the higher the synchronism of the control device, the pulse width of the second microwave signal in the form of pulses generated by the electronic paramagnetic resonance spectrometer under its control and the minimum resolvable time of the relative delay of the pulse The higher the resolution.
  • control device may receive waveform data transmitted by the host computer, and generate the first microwave signal according to the waveform data.
  • the user can write arbitrary waveform data within a certain bandwidth of the time domain, which means that the amplitude, phase and frequency of the waveform of the first microwave signal finally generated can be controlled in real time, and the arbitrary waveform data is used as a baseband signal.
  • the real-time rapid modulation of the amplitude, phase, and frequency of the first microwave signal can be achieved after modulating with the first microwave signal generated by the microwave transceiver. Therefore, the amplitude, phase and frequency of the first microwave signal can be obtained by the user inputting different waveform data through the upper computer, satisfying different experimental or working requirements of the user, and improving the degree of freedom of the user.
  • the upper computer since the upper computer needs to transmit waveform data to the control unit 200, it is required to use a high speed between the control unit 200 and the upper computer.
  • the data transmission interface meets the transmission requirements of the waveform data.
  • the control command has a low requirement on the data transmission speed compared to the waveform data, and the transmission requirement of the control command can be satisfied as long as the transmission requirement of the waveform data can be satisfied.
  • the upper computer and the control unit 200 are connected by a serial data interface; in another embodiment of the present invention, between the upper computer and the control unit 200 In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the upper computer and the control unit 200 are connected through a USB data interface; the present invention is not limited thereto, and is specifically determined according to actual conditions.
  • the Field-Programmable Gate Array is a hardware reprogrammable chip.
  • the reprogrammable FPGA is not only reflected in the function of the internal logic unit but also can be reconfigured in the field. Its I/O tube Both the foot and the working clock distribution can be redefined, so the FPGA-based magnetic resonance spectrometer control device has the advantages of low cost, high integration, and flexible configuration.
  • the clock source 100 inside the FPGA can provide a clock signal to the control device, but in other embodiments of the invention, the clock source 100 is not integrated with the control unit 200 in the same FPGA, the clock source 100 is set in other chips or devices.
  • the invention is not limited thereto, and is determined according to actual conditions.
  • the FPGA is of the SRAM type, model number Virtex-7, which has the advantages of high performance, fast speed and reconfigurability.
  • the FPGA is of the DRAM type.
  • the present invention does not limit the specific type of the FPGA and the specific model of the FPGA, and is determined according to actual conditions.
  • the waveform data is pulse waveform data, the second microwave signal and the third microwave signal.
  • the waveform data is pulse waveform data, the second microwave signal and the third microwave signal.
  • the conversion receiving unit 300 After receiving the first digital signal, the conversion receiving unit 300 processes the first microwave signal generated by the microwave transceiver by using the first digital signal to generate a pulse, triggered by the working clock signal. a second microwave signal in the form of a microwave signal, the second microwave signal in the form of a pulsed microwave signal for exciting a sample in the sample chamber to generate a third microwave signal carrying sample information in the form of a pulsed microwave signal; and receiving the third The microwave signal is converted into a second digital signal carrying sample information and returned to the control unit 200, so that the control unit 200 transmits the second digital signal carrying the sample information to the upper computer to obtain sample information.
  • the conversion receiving unit 300 includes a waveform conversion unit and a signal receiving unit;
  • the waveform conversion unit is configured to receive the first digital signal when the control device is in a pulse wave mode, and generate the first digital signal to the microwave transceiver by triggering the working clock signal
  • the first microwave signal is processed to generate a second microwave signal, the second microwave signal is used to excite the sample in the sample cavity to generate a third microwave signal carrying the sample information;
  • the signal receiving unit is configured to receive a third microwave signal in the form of the pulsed microwave signal, convert it into a second digital signal carrying sample information, and return to the control unit 200, so that the control unit 200 will carry The second digital signal of the sample information is sent to the host computer for sample information.
  • control device further includes a control clock management unit
  • the control clock management unit is configured to receive the working clock signal output by the control unit 200, and perform frequency adjustment and adjustment of driving capability, and then transmit to the waveform converting unit and the signal receiving unit.
  • control clock management unit the purpose of setting the control clock management unit is to centrally manage the working clock signal output by the control unit 200.
  • the fourth microwave signal is a continuous microwave signal.
  • the conversion receiving unit 300 includes a waveform conversion unit and a signal receiving unit;
  • the microwave transceiver transmits a continuous microwave signal to the sample chamber when the control device is in a continuous wave mode, the continuous microwave signal being used to excite a sample in the sample chamber to generate a continuous microwave signal carrying sample information.
  • the signal receiving unit transmits a reference signal under control of the control unit; the signal receiving unit is configured to receive a fourth microwave signal in the form of a continuous microwave signal carrying sample information modulated by the reference signal, and convert the same
  • the third digital signal carrying the sample information is returned to the control unit 200, so that the control unit 200 transmits the third digital signal carrying the sample information to the upper computer to obtain the sample information.
  • control device A storage unit is further included, and the preset working mode further includes a storage mode
  • control unit 200 transmits the waveform data transmitted by the upper computer to the storage unit for storage.
  • the purpose of setting the storage unit is to store the commonly used waveform data into the storage unit in advance when the control device is working, without having to use the upper computer from time to time.
  • the waveform data is transmitted to the control device. Simplify the workflow of the control device.
  • the host computer sends the waveform data and a control command to the control unit 200, where the control command includes a storage address; the control unit 200 according to the storage address
  • the waveform data is stored in the storage unit. Since the flow of storing data into the memory according to the storage address is well known to those skilled in the art, the present invention will not be described herein.
  • the memory specification of the storage unit is DDR3 type.
  • the memory specification of the storage unit is DDR4 type.
  • the present invention does not limit the specific type of the memory specification of the storage unit, and only needs to be able to store and read data quickly, depending on the actual situation.
  • control unit 200 when the control device is in the pulse wave mode, the control unit 200 is configured to read the upper computer to send from the storage unit.
  • the waveform data is processed to generate a first digital signal.
  • the microwave transceiver has a microwave switch, and the preset working mode further includes a square wave mode;
  • control unit 200 When the control device is in the square wave mode, the control unit 200 generates a first square wave signal according to the waveform data sent by the upper computer under the trigger of the working clock signal;
  • the conversion receiving unit 300 is configured to receive the first square wave signal, and perform level adjustment to obtain a second square wave signal and output the microwave switch to the microwave transceiver for driving the microwave switch. Generating a microwave pulse signal for exciting a sample in the sample chamber to generate a fourth microwave signal carrying sample information; after receiving the fourth microwave signal, the conversion receiving unit 300 converts the carrier into a carrier The fourth digital signal having the sample information is returned to the control unit 200, so that the control unit 200 transmits the fourth digital signal carrying the sample information to the upper computer to acquire the sample information.
  • the second square wave signal is used to control the switching state of the microwave switch; When the second square wave signal is at a high level, the microwave switch is turned on, the first microwave signal sent by the microwave transceiver is passed; when the second square wave signal is at a low level, the microwave switch is turned off. And the first microwave signal sent by the microwave transceiver cannot pass, thereby implementing modulation of the first microwave signal to generate the microwave square wave signal.
  • the microwave switch when the second square wave signal is at a low level, the microwave switch is turned on, and the first microwave signal sent by the microwave transceiver is passed; when the second When the square wave signal is at a high level, the microwave switch is turned off, and the first microwave signal transmitted by the microwave transceiver cannot pass.
  • the user can adjust the period of the microwave square wave signal by adjusting the duration of the second square wave signal high and low levels.
  • the microwave pulse signal can be applied to a situation where amplitude, phase, and frequency are not required to be rapidly modulated.
  • the control unit 200 performs data processing and data processing on the waveform data sent by the upper computer to achieve double the data rate, and performs delay processing in combination with the delay chain technology to make the time resolution of the microwave square wave signal. It can reach the order of 50 ps, which is higher in time resolution than the microwave square wave signal output in the arbitrary wave mode.
  • the method for delay processing using the delay chain technique for the square wave is well known to those skilled in the art, and the present invention is not described herein.
  • the control unit 200 includes a management module 210, a square wave data generating module 230, an arbitrary wave data generating module 240, and clock management.
  • Module 250 data reading module 220 and serial peripheral interface management module 260;
  • the clock management module 250 is configured to receive a clock signal generated by the clock source 100, and generate an operating clock signal according to the clock signal, where the working clock signal includes a system operating clock signal, a data rate doubling clock signal, and a reference clock signal;
  • the management module 210 is configured to receive waveform data and a control instruction transmitted by the upper computer, and select a preset working mode of the control device according to the control instruction, where the preset working mode includes a continuous wave mode and a pulse wave mode. , storage mode and square wave mode;
  • the management module 210 stores the waveform data into the storage unit by using waveform data transmitted by the host computer and a storage address in the control command;
  • the waveform data includes original arbitrary wave data and original square wave data
  • the management module 210 reads the original arbitrary wave data from the storage unit and transmits it to the arbitrary wave data generating module 240, the arbitrary wave
  • the data generating module 240 performs high-speed and serial-string processing on the original arbitrary-wave data under the trigger of the data rate doubling clock signal to double the data rate, obtain the first digital signal, and transmit the first digital signal to the waveform converting unit;
  • the management module 210 controls the conversion receiving unit 300 to generate a reference signal by the data reading module 220 under the trigger of the reference clock signal;
  • the management module 210 reads the original square wave data from the storage unit and transmits it to the square wave data generating module 230, and the square wave data generating module 230 Performing high-speed and conversion processing on the original square wave data under the trigger of the data rate doubling clock signal to double the data rate, and delaying the delay processing with the delay chain technique to obtain the first square wave signal to the conversion Receiving by the receiving unit 300;
  • the control command is transmitted to the conversion receiving unit 300 through the serial peripheral interface management module 260.
  • the management module 210 when the control device is in the storage mode, stores the waveform data to the storage by using waveform data transmitted by the host computer and a storage address in the control command. In the unit; when the control device is in the pulse wave mode, the management module 210 reads the original arbitrary wave data from the storage unit according to the address information in the control command transmitted by the host computer, and sends the original arbitrary wave data after being processed in real time.
  • the management module 210 Converting parallel data to serial data into a high-speed parallel-to-serial module in the management module 210, doubling the data rate to obtain the first digital signal; and then outputting the I/O port through the double-rate data of the FPGA Transmitting to the conversion receiving unit 300; when the control device is in the square wave mode, the management module 210 reads the original square wave data from the storage unit according to the address information in the control instruction transmitted by the upper computer, After decoding the internal logic of the FPGA, the square wave digital signal is sent to the high speed parallel string module in the FPGA to perform parallel data to serial data. In other words, in order to achieve double data rate, delay chains and the use of techniques to delay its process, to obtain the first square wave signal to the converting unit 300 transmits the received.
  • the layout and routing of the above logic unit are designed according to the FPGA underlying design constraints to align the output time of the parallel data to ensure the signal. The correctness of the output.
  • the turn The change receiving unit 300 includes a waveform converting unit 310 and a signal receiving unit 320; wherein, as shown in FIG. 4, the waveform converting unit 310 includes a square wave driving module 311, a first digital to analog conversion module 312, and a quadrature modulator 313; among them,
  • the square wave driving module 311 is configured to receive the first square wave signal and level adjust the second square wave signal when the control device is in a square wave mode, so as to reach the driving microwave switch.
  • the second square wave signal is used to drive the microwave switch to generate a microwave square wave signal;
  • the first digital-to-analog conversion module 312 is configured to receive the first digital signal when the control device is in a pulse wave mode, and process the received signal to obtain a first sub-process under the trigger of the system operating clock. And transmitting the signal and the second sub-signal to the quadrature modulator 313;
  • the quadrature modulator 313 is configured to receive the first sub-signal, the second sub-signal, and the first microwave signal LO sent by the microwave transceiver; and the first sub-signal, the second sub-signal, and the The second microwave signal is modulated by the microwave transceiver LO sent by the microwave transceiver to obtain the second microwave signal, and the second microwave signal is used to excite the sample in the sample cavity to generate a third microwave signal carrying the sample information.
  • the signal receiving unit 320 includes: an analog-to-digital conversion module 321, an oscillator 322, a quadrature demodulator 323, and a detector 324;
  • the oscillator 322 is configured to generate a reference signal under the control of the control unit 200;
  • the detector 324 is configured to receive a fourth microwave signal in the form of a continuous microwave signal carrying sample information modulated by the reference signal when the control device is in a continuous wave mode, and perform non-coherent demodulation to obtain a carrier a first analog signal in the form of a continuous microwave signal having sample information and transmitted to the analog to digital conversion module 321;
  • the quadrature demodulator 323 is configured to receive, when the control device is in a pulse wave mode, a third microwave signal in the form of a pulse wave signal carrying the sample information returned by the sample cavity, in combination with the microwave transceiver
  • the first microwave signal LO is processed to obtain a first analog signal in the form of a pulse wave signal carrying sample information and transmitted to the analog to digital conversion module 321;
  • the analog-to-digital conversion module 321 performs analog-to-digital conversion on the received signal to obtain a second digital signal or a third digital signal carrying sample information under the trigger of the system operating clock, and manages the analog digital data. Module 210 transmits.
  • the data reading module 220 includes: a digital phase lock amplification module 221 and a modulus data management module 222;
  • the digital phase lock amplification module 221 is configured to control the oscillator 322 to generate a reference signal triggered by the reference clock signal when the control device is in the continuous wave mode, and pass the analog data management module 222.
  • the third digital signal carrying the sample information is received, processed, and transmitted to the management module 210.
  • the analog data management module 222 is configured to receive the third digital signal carrying the sample information and transmit the digital digital signal to the digital lock phase amplification module 221;
  • the analog-to-digital data management module 222 is configured to receive the second digital signal carrying the sample information, process it, and transmit the result to the management module 210.
  • control unit 200 is connected to the upper computer through the USB bus control unit 200;
  • storage unit adopts a DDR3 storage format;
  • encouragement module includes a USB control module, a DDR3 management module 210 and a core management module 210;
  • the USB control module is configured to control data transmission between the upper computer and the control unit 200; the DDR3 management module 210 is configured to manage the storage unit, and perform waveform according to the control instruction of the upper computer The reading and storing operations of the data; the core management module 210 performs other functions of the management module 210.
  • the control device includes: a control unit 200, a waveform conversion unit 310, an output clock management unit 400, and a signal receiving unit 320.
  • the control unit 200 includes a clock source 100;
  • the clock source 100 and the control unit 200 are integrated in the same FPGA.
  • the clock source 100 is not identified in FIG. 7;
  • the control unit 200 includes a management module 210, a square wave data generating module 230, an arbitrary wave data generating module 240, a clock management module 250, a data reading module 220, and a serial peripheral interface management module 260;
  • the clock management module 250 is configured to receive a clock signal generated by the clock source 100, and generate an operating clock signal according to the clock signal, where the working clock signal includes a system operating clock signal, a data rate doubling clock signal, and a reference clock signal;
  • the management module 210 is configured to receive waveform data and a control instruction transmitted by the upper computer, and select a preset working mode of the control device according to the control instruction, where the preset working mode includes a continuous wave mode and a pulse wave mode. , storage mode and square wave mode;
  • the management module 210 stores the waveform data into the storage unit 500 by using waveform data transmitted by the host computer and a storage address in the control command;
  • the waveform data includes original arbitrary wave data and original square wave data
  • the management module 210 reads the original arbitrary wave data from the storage unit 500 and transmits it to the arbitrary wave data generating module 240, the arbitrary wave data generating module
  • the high-speed parallel processing of the original arbitrary wave data is performed by the data rate doubling clock signal to realize double the data rate, and the first digital signal is obtained and transmitted to the waveform converting unit 310;
  • the management module 210 controls the oscillator 324 to be generated by the digital phase lock amplification module 221 by the data reading module 220 under the trigger of the reference clock signal.
  • the management module 210 reads the original square wave data from the storage unit 500 and transmits it to the square wave data generating module 230, the square wave data generating module 230: performing high-speed and conversion processing on the original square wave data under the trigger of the data rate doubling clock signal to achieve double the data rate, and delaying the delay processing with the delay chain technique to obtain the first square wave signal to the
  • the conversion receiving unit 300 transmits
  • the control command is transmitted to the waveform conversion unit 310 and the signal receiving unit 320 through the serial peripheral interface management module 260.
  • the waveform conversion unit 310 includes a square wave driving module 311, a first digital to analog conversion module 312, and a quadrature modulator 313;
  • the square wave driving module 311 is configured to receive the first square wave signal and level adjust the second square wave signal when the control device is in a square wave mode, so as to reach the driving microwave switch.
  • the second square wave signal is used to drive the microwave switch to generate a microwave square wave signal;
  • the first digital-to-analog conversion module 312 is configured to receive the first digital signal when the control device is in a pulse wave mode, and process the received signal to obtain a first sub-process under the trigger of the system operating clock. And transmitting the signal and the second sub-signal to the quadrature modulator 313;
  • the quadrature modulator 313 is configured to receive the first sub-signal, the second sub-signal, and the first microwave signal LO sent by the microwave transceiver; and the first sub-signal, the second sub-signal, and the Acquiring the first microwave signal LO sent by the microwave transceiver to obtain the second microwave signal, the second micro
  • the wave signal is used to excite the sample in the sample chamber to generate a third microwave signal carrying sample information.
  • the detector 324 is configured to receive a fourth microwave signal in the form of a continuous microwave signal carrying sample information modulated by the reference signal when the control device is in a continuous wave mode, and perform non-coherent demodulation to obtain a carrier a first analog signal in the form of a continuous microwave signal having sample information and transmitted to the analog to digital conversion module 321;
  • the quadrature demodulator 323 is configured to receive, when the control device is in a pulse wave mode, a third microwave signal in the form of a pulse wave signal carrying the sample information returned by the sample cavity, in combination with the microwave transceiver
  • the first microwave signal LO is processed to obtain a first analog signal in the form of a pulse wave signal carrying sample information and transmitted to the analog to digital conversion module 321;
  • the analog-to-digital conversion module 321 performs analog-to-digital conversion on the received signal to obtain a second digital signal carrying sample information, and transmits the signal to the analog data management module 222 under the trigger of the system operating clock.
  • the output clock management unit 400 is coupled to the clock management module 250 for receiving the system operating clock signal and providing the system operating clock signal to the waveform converting unit 310 and the signal receiving unit 320.
  • the data reading module 220 includes: a digital phase lock amplification module 221 and a modulus data management module 222;
  • the digital phase lock amplification module 221 is configured to control the oscillator 324 to generate a reference signal under the trigger of the reference clock signal when the control device is in the continuous wave mode, and pass the analog data management module 222.
  • the second digital signal carrying the sample information is received, processed, and transmitted to the management module 210.
  • the analog data management module 222 When the control device is in the continuous wave mode, the analog data management module 222 is configured to receive the second digital signal carrying the sample information and transmit the digital digital signal to the digital lock phase amplification module 221; when the control device When in the pulse wave mode, the analog data management module 222 is configured to receive the second sample signal carrying the sample information, process it, and transmit the signal to the management module 210.
  • control unit 200 is connected to the upper computer through the USB bus control unit 200;
  • storage unit 500 adopts a DDR3 storage format; and
  • management module includes a USB control module.
  • the USB control module is configured to control data transmission between the upper computer and the control unit 200; the DDR3 management module 210 is configured to manage the storage unit 500, according to a control instruction of the upper computer The reading and storage operations of the waveform data; the core management module 210 is coupled to the microwave bridge A11 of the microwave transceiver to effect control of the microwave transceiver and perform other functions of the management module 210.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic paramagnetic resonance spectrometer, comprising: at least one control device according to any of the above embodiments.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for controlling an electronic magnetic resonance spectrometer, including:
  • Step 1 The host computer sends a control command + address + data to the spectrometer control device to select the working mode. If it works in the continuous wave mode, it proceeds to step two. If it works in the pulse mode, it proceeds to step three, if it works in data transmission. Mode, go to step four;
  • Step 2 The FPGA controls an analog-to-digital conversion module inside the signal receiving unit through a serial bus control module inside the control unit, and further processes the collected data through a digital lock-in amplification module inside the control unit. Obtaining a continuous wave sample signal, ending;
  • Step 3 The host computer sends a control command to the spectrometer control device to control the generation of the waveform, and simultaneously controls the signal receiving unit to perform signal acquisition, and obtains a pulsed sample signal through the ADC data management module inside the control unit, and ends. ;
  • Step 4 The host computer sends the waveform address and waveform data to the spectrometer control device;
  • Step 5 The FPGA accepts the waveform address and waveform data, and parses the address, and then stores the data into the memory according to the address.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a magnetic resonance spectrometer and an FPGA-based magnetic resonance spectrometer control apparatus, the control apparatus comprising: a control unit 200 and a conversion receiving unit 300, the control unit 200 including a clock a source 100; the control unit 200 internally integrates a clock source 100, and the control unit 200 generates a working clock signal according to a clock signal generated by the clock source 100, and receives waveform data and a control command sent by the host computer.
  • a preset working mode of the control device the preset working mode comprising a continuous wave mode and a pulse wave mode
  • the control unit 300 is at the The triggering of the working clock signal generates a first digital signal according to the waveform data sent by the upper computer
  • the conversion receiving unit 300 is configured to receive the first digital signal, and use the trigger of the working clock signal to utilize
  • the first number Transmitting, by the signal, a first microwave signal generated by the microwave transceiver, generating a second microwave signal and transmitting the sample to the sample chamber, exciting a sample in the sample chamber to generate a third microwave signal carrying sample information; and receiving the a third microwave signal, which is converted into a second digital signal carrying sample information and returned to the control unit 300, so that the control unit 300 transmits the second digital signal to the upper computer to obtain sample information;
  • the control unit 300 controls the conversion receiving unit 300 to generate a reference signal, and controls the microwave trans
  • the conversion receiving unit 300 is configured to receive a fourth microwave signal modulated by the reference signal, and convert the fourth microwave signal modulated by the reference signal into a carrier
  • the third digital signal having the sample information is returned to the control unit 300, so that the control unit 300 transmits the third digital signal
  • the upper computer obtains the sample information. It can be found through the above workflow that the control unit 300 generates the working clock signal through the same clock source 100, and the control unit 300 and the conversion receiving unit 300 are triggered by the homologous working clock signal.
  • Control of the electronic paramagnetic resonance spectrometer; homologous synchronization of the operational clock signal is high, and thus the control device is compared to prior art electron paramagnetic resonance using a plurality of separate clock sources 100
  • the spectrometer has high synchronism, and the pulse width of the second microwave signal in the form of a pulse generated by the electronic paramagnetic resonance spectrometer under its control and the minimum resolvable time width of the relative delay of the pulse are smaller, that is, the first The higher the time resolution of the microwave signal.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

一种磁共振谱仪及基于FPGA的磁共振谱仪控制装置，其中，所述控制装置包括控制单元(200)和转换接收单元(300)，所述控制单元（200）包括时钟源（100），所述控制装置内部的波形产生单元和信号接收单元（320）经同一个时钟源同步。所述控制装置包括两种工作模式：连续波模式以及脉冲波模式；所述控制装置能够输出经过任意波调制的微波信号，且相较于现有技术中采用多个分离时钟源的电子顺次共振谱仪控制装置具有较高的同步性和时间分辨率，使得其控制下的电子顺磁共振谱仪产生的脉冲形式的第二微波信号的脉冲宽度和脉冲相对延时的最小可分辨时间小，即所述第二微波信号的时间分辨率高。所述控制装置基于FPGA设计，集成度高，设计灵活，成本低。

Description

一种磁共振谱仪及基于FPGA的磁共振谱仪控制装置 技术领域
本发明涉及磁共振领域以及自动控制技术领域，更具体地说，涉及一种磁共振谱仪及基于FPGA的磁共振谱仪控制装置。
背景技术
电子顺磁共振(Electron Paramagnetic Resonance，EPR)技术是一种检测样品中未成对电子特性的谱学方法，广泛应用于化学、物理、材料、环境、生命科学和医学领域。顺磁共振实验中应用到的电子顺磁共振谱仪的工作模式主要分为脉冲波模式和连续波模式。
电子顺磁共振技术中通常使用连续波式或脉冲波式的微波信号对电子自旋进行激励，最后使用电子学读出的方法对电子自旋的量子态进行测量。微波信号主要由任意波形发生器、方波发生器以及必要的微波器件来产生，电子学读出主要通过基于高速模数转换技术的数据采集单元来完成。
现有集成脉冲波模式和连续波模式的电子顺磁共振谱仪通常采用独立的任意波形发生器、方波发生器、数据采集单元，通过上位机软件分别实现对上述模块的控制。这类设计中，各个模块使用各自的时钟基准源，通过异步触发实现同步，导致谱仪同步性差，难以应用于时间分辨率较高的场合。另外，系统设备繁多，集成度低，成本高，在软件和硬件上都很复杂，不易于调试，难以维护。
因此，如何提高顺磁共振谱仪的时间分辨率，同时又能提高谱仪的集成度，且实现较高的设计灵活性，是技术人员面临的难题。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种磁共振谱仪及基于FPGA的磁共振谱仪控制装置。所述控制装置具有较高的同步性，可以提高所述磁共振谱仪的时间分辨率，同时具有较高的集成度和设计灵活性。
为实现上述技术目的，本发明实施例提供了如下技术方案：
一种基于FPGA的磁共振谱仪控制装置，应用于电子顺磁共振谱仪，所述顺磁共振谱仪包括：上位机、微波收发机、样品腔，所述微波收发机具有微波开关；所述控制装置包括：控制单元和转换接收单元，所述控制单元包括时钟 源；其中，
所述控制单元用于接收所述上位机发送的波形数据和控制指令和根据所述时钟源产生的时钟信号生成工作时钟信号，根据所述控制指令选择所述控制装置的预设工作模式，所述预设工作模式包括连续波模式和脉冲波模式；
当所述控制装置处于脉冲波模式时，所述控制单元在所述工作时钟信号的触发下，根据所述上位机发送的波形数据生成第一数字信号；所述转换接收单元用于接收所述第一数字信号，在所述工作时钟信号的触发下，利用所述第一数字信号与微波收发机产生的第一微波信号进行处理，生成第二微波信号并向所述样品腔发送，激励所述样品腔中的样品产生携带有样品信息的第三微波信号；并接收所述第三微波信号，将其转换为携带有样品信息的第二数字信号后返回所述控制单元，以便所述控制单元将所述第二数字信号发送给上位机获取样品信息；
当所述控制装置处于连续波模式时，所述控制单元控制所述转换接收单元产生参考信号，并控制所述微波收发机向所述样品腔发送第一微波信号，激励所述样品腔中的样品产生携带有样品信息的第四微波信号；所述转换接收单元用于接收经过所述参考信号调制的第四微波信号，并将经所述参考信号调制后的第四微波信号转换为携带有样品信息的第三数字信号后返回所述控制单元，以便所述控制单元将所述第三数字信号发送给上位机获取样品信息；
所述控制单元设置于现场可编程门阵列FPGA中。
优选的，当所述控制装置处于脉冲波模式时，所述波形数据为脉冲波形数据，所述第二微波信号和所述第三微波信号为脉冲微波信号。
优选的，所述转换接收单元包括波形转换单元和信号接收单元；
当所述控制装置处于脉冲波模式时，所述波形转换单元用于接收所述第一数字信号，在所述工作时钟信号的触发下，利用所述第一数字信号对所述微波收发机产生的第一微波信号进行处理，生成第二微波信号，所述第二微波信号用于激励样品腔中的样品产生携带有样品信息的第三微波信号；
所述信号接收单元用于接收所述脉冲微波信号形式的第三微波信号，将其转换为携带有样品信息的第二数字信号后返回所述控制单元，以便所述控制单元将携带有样品信息的第二数字信号发送给上位机获取样品信息。
优选的，所述控制装置还包括控制时钟管理单元；
所述控制时钟管理单元用于接收所述控制单元输出的工作时钟信号，并进行频率调节以及驱动能力的调节之后，向所述波形转换单元和信号接收单元传输。
优选的，当所述控制装置处于连续波模式时，所述第四微波信号为连续微波信号。
优选的，所述转换接收单元包括波形转换单元和信号接收单元；
当所述控制装置处于连续波模式时，所述微波收发机向所述样品腔发送连续微波信号，所述连续微波信号用于激励样品腔中的样品产生携带有样品信息的连续微波信号形式的第四微波信号；
所述信号接收单元在所述控制单元的控制下发送参考信号；所述信号接收单元用于接收经所述参考信号调制的携带有样品信息的连续微波信号形式的第四微波信号，将其转换为携带有样品信息的第三数字信号后返回所述控制单元，以便所述控制单元将携带有样品信息的第三数字信号发送给上位机获取样品信息。
优选的，所述控制装置还包括存储单元，所述预设工作模式还包括存储模式；
当所述控制装置处于存储模式时，所述控制单元将所述上位机传送的波形数据传送给所述存储单元进行存储。
优选的，当所述控制装置处于脉冲波模式时，所述控制单元用于从所述存储单元中读取所述上位机发送的波形数据，对其进行处理后生成第一数字信号。
优选的，所述预设工作模式还包括方波模式；
当所述控制装置处于方波模式时，所述控制单元在所述工作时钟信号的触发下，根据所述上位机发送的波形数据生成第一方波信号；
所述转换接收单元用于接收所述第一方波信号，并对其进行电平调节获得第二方波信号并向所述微波收发机的微波开关输出，用于驱动所述微波开关，产生微波脉冲信号，所述微波脉冲信号用于激励样品腔中的样品产生携带有样品信息的第四微波信号；所述信号接收单元接收到所述第四微波信号后，将其 转换为携带有样品信息的第四数字信号返回所述控制单元，以便所述控制单元将携带有样品信息的第四数字信号发送给上位机获取样品信息。
一种磁共振谱仪，包括至少一个如上述任一实施例所述的控制装置。
从上述技术方案可以看出，本发明实施例提供了一种磁共振谱仪及基于FPGA的磁共振谱仪控制装置，所述控制装置包括：控制单元和转换接收单元；其中，所述控制单元内部集成时钟源，所述控制单元根据所述时钟源产生的时钟信号生成工作时钟信号和用于接收所述上位机发送的波形数据和控制指令，根据所述控制指令选择所述控制装置的预设工作模式，所述预设工作模式包括连续波模式和脉冲波模式；当所述控制装置处于脉冲波模式时，所述控制单元在所述工作时钟信号的触发下，根据所述上位机发送的波形数据生成第一数字信号；所述转换接收单元用于接收所述第一数字信号，在所述工作时钟信号的触发下，利用所述第一数字信号与微波收发机产生的第一微波信号进行处理，生成第二微波信号并向所述样品腔发送，激励所述样品腔中的样品产生携带有样品信息的第三微波信号；并接收所述第三微波信号，将其转换为携带有样品信息的第二数字信号后返回所述控制单元，以便所述控制单元将所述第二数字信号发送给上位机获取样品信息；当所述控制装置处于连续波模式时，所述控制单元控制所述转换接收单元产生参考信号，并控制所述微波收发机向所述样品腔发送第一微波信号，激励所述样品腔中的样品产生携带有样品信息的第四微波信号；所述转换接收单元用于接收经所述参考信号调制后的第四微波信号，并将经所述参考信号调制后的第四微波信号转换为携带有样品信息的第三数字信号后返回所述控制单元，以便所述控制单元将所述第三数字信号发送给上位机获取样品信息；通过上述工作流程可以发现，所述控制单元通过同一个时钟源产生工作时钟信号，所述控制单元和转换接收单元在同源的工作时钟信号的触发下完成对所述电子顺磁共振谱仪的控制；同源的所述工作时钟信号的同步性较高，因而所述控制装置相较于现有技术中采用多个分离时钟源的电子顺磁共振谱仪控制装置具有较高的同步性，而所述控制装置的同步性越高，在其控制下的电子顺磁共振谱仪产生的脉冲形式的第二微波信号的脉冲宽度和脉冲相对延时的最小可分辨时间宽度越小，即所述第二微波信号的时间分辨率越高。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明的一个实施例提供的一种基于FPGA的磁共振谱仪控制装置的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的一个实施例提供的一种控制单元的结构示意图；
图3为本发明的一个实施例提供的一种转换接收单元的结构示意图；
图4为本发明的一个实施例提供的一种波形转换单元的结构示意图；
图5为本发明的一个实施例提供的一种信号接收单元的结构示意图；
图6为本发明的一个优选实施例提供的一种控制单元的结构示意图；
图7为本发明的一个具体优选实施例提供的一种基于FPGA的磁共振谱仪控制装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
正如背景技术所述，现有顺磁共振谱仪通常采用独立的任意波形发生器、方波发生器、数据采集单元来实现微波的产生和数据的采集，通过上位机软件分别实现对上述模块的控制。这类设计中，各个模块使用各自的时钟基准源，通过异步触发实现同步，导致谱仪同步性差，难以应用于时间分辨率较高的场合。另外，系统设备繁多，集成度低，成本高，在软件和硬件上都很复杂，不易于调试，难以维护。
有鉴于此，本发明实施例提供了一种基于FPGA的磁共振谱仪控制装置，应用于电子顺磁共振谱仪，所述顺磁共振谱仪包括：上位机、微波收发机、样品腔；其特征在于，所述控制装置包括：控制单元和转换接收单元，所述控制单元包括时钟源；其中，
所述控制单元用于接收所述上位机发送的波形数据和控制指令和根据所述时钟源产生的时钟信号生成工作时钟信号，根据所述控制指令选择所述控制装置的预设工作模式，所述预设工作模式包括连续波模式和脉冲波模式；
当所述控制装置处于脉冲波模式时，所述控制单元在所述工作时钟信号的触发下，根据所述上位机发送的波形数据生成第一数字信号；所述转换接收单元用于接收所述第一数字信号，在所述工作时钟信号的触发下，利用所述第一数字信号与微波收发机产生的第一微波信号进行处理，生成第二微波信号并向所述样品腔发送，激励所述样品腔中的样品产生携带有样品信息的第三微波信号；并接收所述第三微波信号，将其转换为携带有样品信息的第二数字信号后返回所述控制单元，以便所述控制单元将所述第二数字信号发送给上位机获取样品信息；
当所述控制装置处于连续波模式时，所述控制单元控制所述转换接收单元产生参考信号，并控制所述微波收发机向所述样品腔发送第一微波信号，激励所述样品腔中的样品产生携带有样品信息的第四微波信号；所述转换接收单元用于接收经过所述参考信号调制的第四微波信号，并将经所述参考信号调制后的第四微波信号转换为携带有样品信息的第三数字信号后返回所述控制单元，以便所述控制单元将所述第三数字信号发送给上位机获取样品信息；
所述控制单元设置于现场可编程门阵列FPGA中。
从上述技术方案可以看出，本发明实施例提供了一种磁共振谱仪及基于FPGA的磁共振谱仪控制装置，所述控制装置包括：控制单元和转换接收单元；其中，所述控制单元内部集成时钟源，所述控制单元用于接收所述上位机发送的波形数据和控制指令和根据所述时钟源产生的时钟信号生成工作时钟信号，根据所述控制指令选择所述控制装置的预设工作模式，所述预设工作模式包括连续波模式和脉冲波模式；当所述控制装置处于脉冲波模式时，所述控制单元在所述工作时钟信号的触发下，根据所述上位机发送的波形数据生成第一数字信号；所述转换接收单元用于接收所述第一数字信号，在所述工作时钟信号的触发下，利用所述第一数字信号与微波收发机产生的第一微波信号进行处理，生成第二微波信号并向所述样品腔发送，激励所述样品腔中的样品产生携带有样品信息的第三微波信号；并接收所述第三微波信号，将其转换为携带有样品信息的第二数字信号后返回所述控制单元，以便所述控制单元将所述第二数字信号发送给上位机获取样品信息；当所述控制装置处于连续波模式时，所述控制单元控制所述转换接收单元产生参考信号，并控制所述微波收发机向所述样 品腔发送第一微波信号，激励所述样品腔中的样品产生携带有样品信息的第四微波信号；所述转换接收单元用于接收经过所述参考信号调制后的第四微波信号，并将经所述参考信号调制后的第四微波信号转换为携带有样品信息的第三数字信号后返回所述控制单元，以便所述控制单元将所述第三数字信号发送给上位机获取样品信息；通过上述工作流程可以发现，所述控制单元通过同一个时钟源产生工作时钟信号，所述控制单元和转换接收单元在同源的工作时钟信号的触发下完成对所述电子顺磁共振谱仪的控制；同源的所述工作时钟信号的同步性较高，因而所述控制装置相较于现有技术中采用多个分离时钟源的电子顺磁共振谱仪具有较高的同步性，在其控制下的电子顺磁共振谱仪产生的脉冲形式的第二微波信号的脉冲宽度和脉冲相对延时的最小可分辨时间分辨率越高。
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例提供了一种基于FPGA的磁共振谱仪控制装置，应用于电子顺磁共振谱仪，所述顺磁共振谱仪包括：上位机、微波收发机、样品腔；如图1所示，所述控制装置包括：控制单元200和转换接收单元300，所述控制单元200包括时钟源100；其中，
所述控制单元200用于接收所述上位机发送的波形数据和控制指令和根据所述时钟源100产生的时钟信号生成工作时钟信号，根据所述控制指令选择所述控制装置的预设工作模式，所述预设工作模式包括连续波模式和脉冲波模式；
当所述控制装置处于脉冲波模式时，所述控制单元200在所述工作时钟信号的触发下，根据所述上位机发送的波形数据生成第一数字信号；所述转换接收单元300用于接收所述第一数字信号，在所述工作时钟信号的触发下，利用所述第一数字信号与微波收发机产生的第一微波信号进行处理，生成第二微波 信号并向所述样品腔发送，激励所述样品腔中的样品产生携带有样品信息的第三微波信号；并接收所述第三微波信号，将其转换为携带有样品信息的第二数字信号后返回所述控制单元200，以便所述控制单元200将携带有样品信息的第二数字信号发送给上位机获取样品信息；
当所述控制装置处于连续波模式时，所述控制单元200控制所述转换接收单元300产生参考信号，并控制所述微波收发机向所述样品腔发送第一微波信号，激励所述样品腔中的样品产生携带有样品信息的第四微波信号；所述转换接收单元300用于接收经过所述参考信号调制的第四微波信号，并将经所述参考信号调制后的第四微波信号转换为携带有样品信息的第三数字信号后返回所述控制单元200，以便所述控制单元200将所述第三数字信号发送给上位机获取样品信息；
所述控制单元200设置于现场可编程门阵列FPGA中。
具体的，所述控制单元200利用所述第一数字信号与微波收发机产生的第一微波信号进行的处理一般包括，将所述第一数字信号进行数模转换成为基带信号，基带信号和所述第一微波信号经过调制产生第二微波信号。但上述过程仅为利用所述第一数字信号与所述第一微波信号进行处理的一般流程，本申请对此并不做限定，具体视实际情况而定。
需要说明的是，在现有技术中，上位机分别与所述控制装置的波形产生单元、通讯控制单元200和数据采集单元连接，所述波形产生单元、通讯控制单元200和数据采集单元由其各自内部的时钟源100提供各自的时钟信号，在所述上位机向其输送的控制指令的控制下向所述样品腔输出连续波或脉冲波式的微波信号。并且在现有技术中的控制装置控制下的电子顺磁共振谱仪只能输出一种或几种相位、幅度和频率固定的微波信号，用户不能根据实际实验要求或工作目的调节其输出的微波信号的相位、幅度和频率，用户的自由度低。
而在本实施例中，所述时钟源100用于产生时钟信号；所述控制单元200用于接收所述上位机发送的波形数据和控制指令和用于接收所述时钟信号，根据所述时钟信号生成工作时钟信号，根据所述控制指令选择所述控制装置的预设工作模式，所述预设工作模式包括连续波模式和脉冲波模式；当所述控制装置处于脉冲波模式时，所述控制单元200在所述工作时钟信号的触发下，根据 所述上位机发送的波形数据生成第一数字信号；所述转换接收单元300用于接收所述第一数字信号，在所述工作时钟信号的触发下，利用所述第一数字信号与微波收发机产生的第一微波信号进行处理，生成第二微波信号并向所述样品腔发送，激励所述样品腔中的样品产生携带有样品信息的第三微波信号；并接收所述第三微波信号，将其转换为携带有样品信息的第二数字信号后返回所述控制单元200，以便所述控制单元200将所述第二数字信号发送给上位机获取样品信息；当所述控制装置处于连续波模式时，所述控制单元200控制所述转换接收单元300产生参考信号，并控制所述微波收发机向所述样品腔发送第一微波信号，激励所述样品腔中的样品产生携带有样品信息的第四微波信号；所述转换接收单元300用于接收经过所述参考信号调制的第四微波信号，并将经所述参考信号调制后的第四微波信号转换为携带有样品信息的第三数字信号后返回所述控制单元200，以便所述控制单元200将所述第三数字信号发送给上位机获取样品信息；通过上述工作流程可以发现，所述控制单元200通过同一个时钟源100产生工作时钟信号，所述控制单元200和转换接收单元300在同源的工作时钟信号的触发下完成对所述电子顺磁共振谱仪的控制；同源的所述工作时钟信号的同步性较高，因而所述控制装置相较于现有技术中采用多个分离时钟源100的电子顺磁共振谱仪控制装置具有较高的同步性，而所述控制装置的同步性越高，在其控制下的电子顺磁共振谱仪产生的脉冲形式的第二微波信号的脉冲宽度和脉冲相对延时的最小可分辨时间分辨率越高。
进一步的，本发明实施例所述的控制装置可以接收上位机传送的波形数据，并根据所述波形数据产生所述第一微波信号。用户可以编写时域上一定带宽范围内的任意波形数据，这意味着最终产生的第一微波信号的波形的幅度、相位、频率都是可以实时控制的，以所述任意波形数据为基带信号，与微波收发机产生的第一微波信号进行调制后可实现所述第一微波信号的幅度、相位、频率的实时快速调制。因此所述第一微波信号的幅度、相位和频率可以由用户通过所述上位机输入不同的波形数据而获得，满足了用户不同的实验或工作需求，提高了用户的自由度。
还需要说明的是，在本实施例中，由于所述上位机需要将波形数据向所述控制单元200进行传送，因此所述控制单元200与所述上位机之间需要利用高速 的数据传输接口，以满足所述波形数据的传输需求。而所述控制指令相较于所述波形数据而言，其对数据传输速度的要求很低，只要能够满足所述波形数据的传输需求，就能满足所述控制指令的传输需求。在本发明的一个实施例中，所述上位机与所述控制单元200之间通过串行数据接口连接；在本发明的另一个实施例中，所述上位机与所述控制单元200之间通过并行数据接口连接；在本发明的一个优选实施例中，所述上位机与所述控制单元200之间通过USB数据接口连接；本发明对此并不做限定，具体视实际情况而定。
进一步的，现成可编程门阵列(Field－Programmable Gate Array，FPGA)是一种硬件可重复编程的芯片，FPGA的可重复编程不仅体现在内部逻辑单元的功能可现场重新配置，其I/O管脚以及工作时钟分配都可以重新定义，因此基于FPGA的磁共振谱仪控制装置具有成本低、集成度高、配置灵活等优点。FPGA内部的时钟源100可以为所述控制装置提供时钟信号，但在本发明的其他实施例中，所述时钟源100并不与所述控制单元200集成于同一块FPGA中，所述时钟源100设置于其他芯片或器件中。本发明对此并不做限定，具体视实际情况而定。
在本发明的一个实施例中，所述FPGA为SRAM型，其型号为Virtex-7，所述型号的FPGA具有性能强、速度快且可重复配置的优点。但在本发明的其他实施例中，所述FPGA为DRAM型。本发明对所述FPGA的具体类型和所述FPGA的具体型号并不做限定，具体视实际情况而定。
在上述实施例的基础上，在本发明的一个实施例中，当所述控制装置处于脉冲波模式时，所述波形数据为脉冲波形数据，所述第二微波信号和所述第三微波信号为脉冲微波信号。
所述转换接收单元300接收到所述第一数字信号后，在所述工作时钟信号的触发下，利用所述第一数字信号对所述微波收发机产生的第一微波信号进行处理，生成脉冲微波信号形式的第二微波信号，所述脉冲微波信号形式的第二微波信号用于激励样品腔中的样品产生脉冲微波信号形式的携带有样品信息的第三微波信号；并接收所述第三微波信号，将其转换为携带有样品信息的第二数字信号后返回所述控制单元200，以便所述控制单元200将携带有样品信息的第二数字信号发送给上位机获取样品信息。
在上述实施例的基础上，在本发明的另一个实施例中，所述转换接收单元300包括波形转换单元和信号接收单元；
当所述控制装置处于脉冲波模式时，所述波形转换单元用于接收所述第一数字信号，在所述工作时钟信号的触发下，利用所述第一数字信号对所述微波收发机产生的第一微波信号进行处理，生成第二微波信号，所述第二微波信号用于激励样品腔中的样品产生携带有样品信息的第三微波信号；
所述信号接收单元用于接收所述脉冲微波信号形式的第三微波信号，将其转换为携带有样品信息的第二数字信号后返回所述控制单元200，以便所述控制单元200将携带有样品信息的第二数字信号发送给上位机获取样品信息。
在上述实施例的基础上，在本发明的又一个实施例中，所述控制装置还包括控制时钟管理单元；
所述控制时钟管理单元用于接收所述控制单元200输出的工作时钟信号，并进行频率调节以及驱动能力的调节之后，向所述波形转换单元和信号接收单元传输。
需要说明的是，在本实施例中，设置所述控制时钟管理单元的目的是集中管理所述控制单元200输出的工作时钟信号。
在上述实施例的基础上，在本发明的再一个实施例中，当所述控制装置处于连续波模式时，所述第四微波信号为连续微波信号。
在上述实施例的基础上，在本发明的一个实施例中，所述转换接收单元300包括波形转换单元和信号接收单元；
当所述控制装置处于连续波模式时，所述微波收发机向所述样品腔发送连续微波信号，所述连续微波信号用于激励样品腔中的样品产生携带有样品信息的连续微波信号形式的第四微波信号；
所述信号接收单元在所述控制单元的控制下发送参考信号；所述信号接收单元用于接收经所述参考信号调制的携带有样品信息的连续微波信号形式的第四微波信号，将其转换为携带有样品信息的第三数字信号后返回所述控制单元200，以便所述控制单元200将携带有样品信息的第三数字信号发送给上位机获取样品信息。
在上述实施例的基础上，在本发明的另一个优选实施例中，所述控制装置 还包括存储单元，所述预设工作模式还包括存储模式；
当所述控制装置处于存储模式时，所述控制单元200将所述上位机传送的波形数据传送给所述存储单元进行存储。
需要说明的是，设置所述存储单元的目的在于当所述控制装置工作时，可以预先将常用的所述波形数据向所述存储单元中进行存储，而不用每次都要从所述上位机中向所述控制装置中传输波形数据。简化所述控制装置的工作流程。当所述控制装置处于存储模式时，所述上位机向所述控制单元200发送所述波形数据以及控制指令，所述控制指令中包含存储地址；所述控制单元200根据所述存储地址将所述波形数据存储到所述存储单元中。由于根据存储地址向内存中存储数据的流程已为本领域技术人员所熟知，本发明在此不做赘述。
在本实施例中，所述存储单元的内存规格为DDR3型。但在本发明的其他实施例中，所述存储单元的内存规格为DDR4型。本发明对所述存储单元的内存规格的具体类型并不做限定，只有能够实现快速存储与读取数据即可，具体视实际情况而定。
在上述实施例的基础上，在本发明的又一个优选实施例中，当所述控制装置处于脉冲波模式时，所述控制单元200用于从所述存储单元中读取所述上位机发送的波形数据，对其进行处理后生成第一数字信号。
在上述实施例的基础上，在本发明的再一个优选实施例中，所述微波收发机具有微波开关，所述预设工作模式还包括方波模式；
当所述控制装置处于方波模式时，所述控制单元200在所述工作时钟信号的触发下，根据所述上位机发送的波形数据生成第一方波信号；
所述转换接收单元300用于接收所述第一方波信号，并对其进行电平调节获得第二方波信号并向所述微波收发机的微波开关输出，用于驱动所述微波开关，产生微波脉冲信号，所述微波脉冲信号用于激励样品腔中的样品产生携带有样品信息的第四微波信号；所述转换接收单元300接收到所述第四微波信号后，将其转换为携带有样品信息的第四数字信号返回所述控制单元200，以便所述控制单元200将携带有样品信息的第四数字信号发送给上位机获取样品信息。
需要说明的是，所述第二方波信号用于控制所述微波开关的开关状态；当 所述第二方波信号处于高电平时，所述微波开关开启，所述微波收发机发送的第一微波信号得以通过；当所述第二方波信号处于低电平时，所述微波开关关闭，所述微波收发机发送的第一微波信号不能通过，从而实现对所述第一微波信号的调制，生成所述微波方波信号。但在本发明的其他实施例中，也可以当所述第二方波信号处于低电平时，所述微波开关开启，所述微波收发机发送的第一微波信号得以通过；当所述第二方波信号处于高电平时，所述微波开关关闭，所述微波收发机发送的第一微波信号不能通过。用户可以通过调节所述第二方波信号高低电平的持续时间来调节所述微波方波信号的周期。
还需要说明的是，在本实施例中，所述微波脉冲信号可以应用于不需要幅度、相位、频率快速调制的场合。并且所述控制单元200将所述上位机发送的波形数据进行数据并转串处理，实现数据率翻倍，并结合延时链技术进行延时处理，使得所述微波方波信号的时间分辨率可以达到50ps的量级，相较于在任意波模式下输出的微波方波信号的时间分辨率更高。由于利用所述延时链技术对方波进行延时处理的方法已为本领域技术人员所熟知，本发明对其具体过程和原理本发明在此并不做赘述。
在上述实施例的基础上，在本发明的一个具体实施例中，如图2所示，所述控制单元200包括管理模块210、方波数据产生模块230、任意波数据产生模块240、时钟管理模块250、数据读取模块220和串行外设接口管理模块260；
所述时钟管理模块250用于接收时钟源100产生的时钟信号，并根据所述时钟信号生成工作时钟信号，所述工作时钟信号包括系统工作时钟信号、数据率加倍时钟信号和参考时钟信号；
所述管理模块210用于接收所述上位机传送的波形数据和控制指令，根据所述控制指令选择所述控制装置的预设工作模式，所述预设工作模式包括连续波模式、脉冲波模式、存储模式和方波模式；
当所述控制装置处于存储模式时，所述管理模块210将上位机传送的波形数据与控制指令中的存储地址将所述波形数据存储到所述存储单元中；
所述波形数据包括原始任意波数据和原始方波数据；
当所述控制装置处于脉冲波模式时，所述管理模块210从所述存储单元中读取原始任意波数据并将其传送给所述任意波数据产生模块240，所述任意波 数据产生模块240在数据率加倍时钟信号的触发下对所述原始任意波数据进行高速并转串处理实现数据率翻倍，获得第一数字信号并向所述波形转换单元传送；
当所述控制装置处于连续波模式时，所述管理模块210通过所述数据读取模块220在所述参考时钟信号的触发下，控制所述转换接收单元300产生参考信号；
当所述控制装置处于方波模式时，所述管理模块210从所述存储单元中读取原始方波数据并将其传送给所述方波数据产生模块230，所述方波数据产生模块230在数据率加倍时钟信号的触发下对所述原始方波数据进行高速并转换处理实现数据率翻倍，并结合延时链技术对其进行延时处理后获得第一方波信号向所述转换接收单元300发送；
所述控制指令通过所述串行外设接口管理模块260向所述转换接收单元300传输。
需要说明的是，在本实施例中，当所述控制装置处于存储模式时，所述管理模块210将上位机传送的波形数据与控制指令中的存储地址将所述波形数据存储到所述存储单元中；当所述控制装置处于脉冲波模式时，所述管理模块210根据上位机传送的控制指令中的地址信息从所述存储单元中读取原始任意波数据，经过实时处理后将其送入所述管理模块210内的高速并转串模块中进行并行数据向串行数据的转换，实现数据率翻倍，得到所述第一数字信号；然后通过FPGA的双倍率数据输出I/O端口向所述转换接收单元300传输；当所述控制装置处于方波模式时，所述管理模块210根据上位机传送的控制指令中的地址信息从所述存储单元中读取原始方波数据，经过所述FPGA内部逻辑进行译码后，将方波数字信号送入所述FPGA内的高速并转串模块中进行并行数据向串行数据的转换，从而实现数据率的翻倍，然后利用延时链技术对其进行延时处理，得到所述第一方波信号并向所述转换接收单元300传输。
还需要说明的是，为了在数据高速传输条件下满足FPGA内部逻辑设计的信号完整性，上述逻辑单元的布局布线都依据FPGA底层设计约束条件设计完成，以将并行数据的输出时间对齐，保证信号输出的正确性。
在上述实施例的基础上，在本发明的一个实施例中，如图3所示，所述转 换接收单元300包括波形转换单元310和信号接收单元320；其中，如图4所示，所述波形转换单元310包括方波驱动模块311、第一数模转换模块312和正交调制器313；其中，
所述方波驱动模块311用于在所述控制装置处于方波模式时，接收所述第一方波信号并对其进行电平调节获得第二方波信号，以使其达到驱动微波开关的要求，所述第二方波信号用于驱动所述微波开关，产生微波方波信号；
所述第一数模转换模块312用于在所述控制装置处于脉冲波模式时，接收所述第一数字信号，在所述系统工作时钟的触发下对接收到的信号进行处理获得第一子信号和第二子信号并向所述正交调制器313传输；
所述正交调制器313用于接收所述第一子信号、第二子信号及所述微波收发机发送的第一微波信号LO；对所述第一子信号、第二子信号及所述微波收发机发送的第一微波信号LO进行调制后获得所述第二微波信号，所述第二微波信号用于激励样品腔中的样品产生携带有样品信息的第三微波信号。
如图5所示，所述信号接收单元320包括：模数转换模块321、振荡器322、正交解调器323和检波器324；其中，
所述振荡器322用于在所述控制单元200的控制下产生参考信号；
所述检波器324用于当所述控制装置处于连续波模式时接收经所述参考信号调制的携带有样品信息的连续微波信号形式的第四微波信号，对其进行非相干解调后获得携带有样品信息的连续微波信号形式的第一模拟信号，并将其传送给所述模数转换模块321；
所述正交解调器323用于当所述控制装置处于脉冲波模式时接收所述样品腔返回的携带有样品信息的脉冲波信号形式的第三微波信号，结合所述微波收发机发送的第一微波信号LO进行处理获得携带有样品信息的脉冲波信号形式的第一模拟信号并向所述模数转换模块321传输；
所述模数转换模块321在所述系统工作时钟的触发下，对接收到的信号进行模数转换得到携带有样品信息的第二数字信号或第三数字信号，并向所述模数数据管理模块210传输。
需要说明的是，在本实施例中，如图6所示，所述数据读取模块220包括：数字锁相放大模块221和模数数据管理模块222；其中，
所述数字锁相放大模块221用于当所述控制装置处于连续波模式时，在所述参考时钟信号的触发下控制所述振荡器322产生参考信号，并通过所述模数数据管理模块222接收携带有样品信息的第三数字信号，对其进行处理后传送给所述管理模块210。
当所述控制装置处于连续波模式时，所述模数数据管理模块222用于接收所述携带有样品信息的第三数字信号并传送给所述数字锁相放大模块221；当所述控制装置处于脉冲波模式时，所述模数数据管理模块222用于接收所述携带有样品信息的第二数字信号，对其进行处理后传送给所述管理模块210。
还需要说明的是，在本实施例中，所述控制单元200与所述上位机之间通过USB总线控制单元200连接；所述存储单元采取DDR3存储格式；所述鼓励模块包括USB控制模块、DDR3管理模块210以及核心管理模块210；其中，
所述USB控制模块用于控制所述上位机与所述控制单元200之间的数据传输；所述DDR3管理模块210用于对所述存储单元进行管理，根据所述上位机的控制指令进行波形数据的读取以及存储操作；所述核心管理模块210执行所述管理模块210的其他功能。
在上述实施例的基础上，在本发明的一个具体优选实施例中，如图7所示，所述控制装置包括：控制单元200、波形转换单元310、输出时钟管理单元400及信号接收单元320，所述控制单元200包括时钟源100；其中，
所述时钟源100与控制单元200集成于同一块FPGA中，为了表示方便，图7中并未标识出所述时钟源100；
所述控制单元200包括管理模块210、方波数据产生模块230、任意波数据产生模块240、时钟管理模块250、数据读取模块220和串行外设接口管理模块260；
所述时钟管理模块250用于接收时钟源100产生的时钟信号，并根据所述时钟信号生成工作时钟信号，所述工作时钟信号包括系统工作时钟信号、数据率加倍时钟信号和参考时钟信号；
所述管理模块210用于接收所述上位机传送的波形数据和控制指令，根据所述控制指令选择所述控制装置的预设工作模式，所述预设工作模式包括连续波模式、脉冲波模式、存储模式和方波模式；
当所述控制装置处于存储模式时，所述管理模块210将上位机传送的波形数据与控制指令中的存储地址将所述波形数据存储到所述存储单元500中；
所述波形数据包括原始任意波数据和原始方波数据；
当所述控制装置处于脉冲波模式时，所述管理模块210从所述存储单元500中读取原始任意波数据并将其传送给所述任意波数据产生模块240，所述任意波数据产生模块240在数据率加倍时钟信号的触发下对所述原始任意波数据进行高速并转串处理实现数据率翻倍，获得第一数字信号并向所述波形转换单元310传送；
当所述控制装置处于连续波模式时，所述管理模块210通过所述数据读取模块220在所述参考时钟信号的触发下，通过所述数字锁相放大模块221控制所述振荡器324产生参考信号；
当所述控制装置处于方波模式时，所述管理模块210从所述存储单元500中读取原始方波数据并将其传送给所述方波数据产生模块230，所述方波数据产生模块230在数据率加倍时钟信号的触发下对所述原始方波数据进行高速并转换处理实现数据率翻倍，并结合延时链技术对其进行延时处理后获得第一方波信号向所述转换接收单元300发送；
所述控制指令通过所述串行外设接口管理模块260向所述波形转换单元310及信号接收单元320传输。
所述波形转换单元310包括方波驱动模块311、第一数模转换模块312和正交调制器313；其中，
所述方波驱动模块311用于在所述控制装置处于方波模式时，接收所述第一方波信号并对其进行电平调节获得第二方波信号，以使其达到驱动微波开关的要求，所述第二方波信号用于驱动所述微波开关，产生微波方波信号；
所述第一数模转换模块312用于在所述控制装置处于脉冲波模式时，接收所述第一数字信号，在所述系统工作时钟的触发下对接收到的信号进行处理获得第一子信号和第二子信号并向所述正交调制器313传输；
所述正交调制器313用于接收所述第一子信号、第二子信号及所述微波收发机发送的第一微波信号LO；对所述第一子信号、第二子信号及所述微波收发机发送的第一微波信号LO进行调制后获得所述第二微波信号，所述第二微 波信号用于激励样品腔中的样品产生携带有样品信息的第三微波信号。
所述检波器324用于当所述控制装置处于连续波模式时接收经所述参考信号调制的携带有样品信息的连续微波信号形式的第四微波信号，对其进行非相干解调后获得携带有样品信息的连续微波信号形式的第一模拟信号，并将其传送给所述模数转换模块321；
所述正交解调器323用于当所述控制装置处于脉冲波模式时接收所述样品腔返回的携带有样品信息的脉冲波信号形式的第三微波信号，结合所述微波收发机发送的第一微波信号LO进行处理获得携带有样品信息的脉冲波信号形式的第一模拟信号并向所述模数转换模块321传输；
所述模数转换模块321在所述系统工作时钟的触发下，对接收到的信号进行模数转换得到携带有样品信息的第二数字信号，并向所述模数数据管理模块222传输。
所述输出时钟管理单元400与所述时钟管理模块250连接，用于接收所述系统工作时钟信号，并向所述波形转换单元310及信号接收单元320提供所述系统工作时钟信号。
在本实施例中，所述数据读取模块220包括：数字锁相放大模块221和模数数据管理模块222；其中，
所述数字锁相放大模块221用于当所述控制装置处于连续波模式时，在所述参考时钟信号的触发下控制所述振荡器324产生参考信号，并通过所述模数数据管理模块222接收携带有样品信息的第二数字信号，对其进行处理后传送给所述管理模块210。
当所述控制装置处于连续波模式时，所述模数数据管理模块222用于接收所述携带有样品信息的第二数字信号并传送给所述数字锁相放大模块221；当所述控制装置处于脉冲波模式时，所述模数数据管理模块222用于接收所述携带有样品信息的第二样品信号，对其进行处理后传送给所述管理模块210。
还需要说明的是，在本实施例中，所述控制单元200与所述上位机之间通过USB总线控制单元200连接；所述存储单元500采取DDR3存储格式；所述管理模块包括USB控制模块、DDR3管理模块210以及核心管理模块210；其中，
所述USB控制模块用于控制所述上位机与所述控制单元200之间的数据传输；所述DDR3管理模块210用于对所述存储单元500进行管理，根据所述上位机的控制指令进行波形数据的读取以及存储操作；所述核心管理模块210与所述微波收发机的微波桥A11连接以实现对所述微波收发机的控制，并执行所述管理模块210的其他功能。
相应的，本发明实施例还提供了一种电子顺磁共振谱仪，所述电子顺磁共振谱仪包括：至少一个如上述任一实施例所述的控制装置。
相应的，本发明实施例还提供了一种电子磁共振谱仪的控制方法，包括：
步骤一：上位机向谱仪控制装置发送控制命令+地址+数据，选择工作模式，若工作于连续波模式，则进入步骤二，若工作于脉冲模式，则进入步骤三，若工作于数据传输模式，则进入步骤四；
步骤二：FPGA通过所述控制单元内部的串行总线控制模块，控制所述信号接收单元内部的模拟数字转换模块，将采集到的数据经过所述控制单元内部的数字锁相放大模块进一步处理，得到连续波式的样品信号，结束；
步骤三：上位机向谱仪控制装置发送控制命令，控制波形的产生，同时控制所述信号接收单元进行信号采集，经过所述控制单元内部的ADC数据管理模块，得到脉冲式的样品信号，结束；
步骤四：上位机向谱仪控制装置发送波形地址和波形数据；
步骤五：FPGA接受波形地址和波形数据，并解析地址，然后根据地址将数据存入所述存储器中。
综上所述，本发明实施例提供了一种磁共振谱仪及基于FPGA的磁共振谱仪控制装置，所述控制装置包括：控制单元200和转换接收单元300，所述控制单元200包括时钟源100；其中，所述控制单元200内部集成时钟源100，所述控制单元200根据所述时钟源100产生的时钟信号生成工作时钟信号和用于接收所述上位机发送的波形数据和控制指令，根据所述控制指令选择所述控制装置的预设工作模式，所述预设工作模式包括连续波模式和脉冲波模式；当所述控制装置处于脉冲波模式时，所述控制单元300在所述工作时钟信号的触发下，根据所述上位机发送的波形数据生成第一数字信号；所述转换接收单元300用于接收所述第一数字信号，在所述工作时钟信号的触发下，利用所述第一数字 信号与微波收发机产生的第一微波信号进行处理，生成第二微波信号并向所述样品腔发送，激励所述样品腔中的样品产生携带有样品信息的第三微波信号；并接收所述第三微波信号，将其转换为携带有样品信息的第二数字信号后返回所述控制单元300，以便所述控制单元300将所述第二数字信号发送给上位机获取样品信息；当所述控制装置处于连续波模式时，所述控制单元300控制所述转换接收单元300产生参考信号，并控制所述微波收发机向所述样品腔发送第一微波信号，激励所述样品腔中的样品产生携带有样品信息的第四微波信号；所述转换接收单元300用于接收经所述参考信号调制后的第四微波信号，并将经所述参考信号调制后的第四微波信号转换为携带有样品信息的第三数字信号后返回所述控制单元300，以便所述控制单元300将所述第三数字信号发送给上位机获取样品信息；通过上述工作流程可以发现，所述控制单元300通过同一个时钟源100产生工作时钟信号，所述控制单元300和转换接收单元300在同源的工作时钟信号的触发下完成对所述电子顺磁共振谱仪的控制；同源的所述工作时钟信号的同步性较高，因而所述控制装置相较于现有技术中采用多个分离时钟源100的电子顺磁共振谱仪具有较高的同步性，在其控制下的电子顺磁共振谱仪产生的脉冲形式的第二微波信号的脉冲宽度和脉冲相对延时的最小可分辨时间宽度越小，即所述第二微波信号的时间分辨率越高。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于FPGA的磁共振谱仪控制装置，应用于电子顺磁共振谱仪，所述顺磁共振谱仪包括：上位机、微波收发机、样品腔，所述微波收发机具有微波开关；其特征在于，所述控制装置包括：控制单元和转换接收单元，所述控制单元包括时钟源；其中，
    所述控制单元用于接收所述上位机发送的波形数据和控制指令和根据所述时钟源产生的时钟信号生成工作时钟信号，根据所述控制指令选择所述控制装置的预设工作模式，所述预设工作模式包括连续波模式和脉冲波模式；
    当所述控制装置处于脉冲波模式时，所述控制单元在所述工作时钟信号的触发下，根据所述上位机发送的波形数据生成第一数字信号；所述转换接收单元用于接收所述第一数字信号，在所述工作时钟信号的触发下，利用所述第一数字信号与微波收发机产生的第一微波信号进行处理，生成第二微波信号并向所述样品腔发送，激励所述样品腔中的样品产生携带有样品信息的第三微波信号；并接收所述第三微波信号，将其转换为携带有样品信息的第二数字信号后返回所述控制单元，以便所述控制单元将所述第二数字信号发送给上位机获取样品信息；
    当所述控制装置处于连续波模式时，所述控制单元控制所述转换接收单元产生参考信号，并控制所述微波收发机向所述样品腔发送第一微波信号，激励所述样品腔中的样品产生携带有样品信息的第四微波信号；所述转换接收单元用于接收经过所述参考信号调制的第四微波信号，并将经所述参考信号调制后的第四微波信号转换为携带有样品信息的第三数字信号后返回所述控制单元，以便所述控制单元将所述第三数字信号发送给上位机获取样品信息；
    所述控制单元设置于现场可编程门阵列FPGA中。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的控制装置，其特征在于，当所述控制装置处于脉冲波模式时，所述第二微波信号和所述第三微波信号为脉冲微波信号。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的控制装置，其特征在于，所述转换接收单元包括波形转换单元和信号接收单元；
    当所述控制装置处于脉冲波模式时，所述波形转换单元用于接收所述第一 数字信号，在所述工作时钟信号的触发下，利用所述第一数字信号对所述微波收发机产生的第一微波信号进行处理，生成第二微波信号，所述第二微波信号用于激励样品腔中的样品产生携带有样品信息的第三微波信号；
    所述信号接收单元用于接收所述脉冲微波信号形式的第三微波信号，将其转换为携带有样品信息的第二数字信号后返回所述控制单元，以便所述控制单元将携带有样品信息的第二数字信号发送给上位机获取样品信息。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的控制装置，其特征在于，所述控制装置还包括控制时钟管理单元；
    所述控制时钟管理单元用于接收所述控制单元输出的工作时钟信号，并进行频率调节以及驱动能力的调节之后，向所述波形转换单元和信号接收单元传输。
  5. 根据权力要求1所述的控制装置，其特征在于，当所述控制装置处于连续波模式时，所述第四微波信号为连续微波信号。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的控制装置，其特征在于，所述转换接收单元包括波形转换单元和信号接收单元；
    当所述控制装置处于连续波模式时，所述微波收发机向所述样品腔发送连续微波信号，所述连续微波信号用于激励样品腔中的样品产生携带有样品信息的连续微波信号形式的第四微波信号；
    所述信号接收单元在所述控制单元的控制下发送参考信号；所述信号接收单元用于接收经所述参考信号调制的携带有样品信息的连续微波信号形式的第四微波信号，将其转换为携带有样品信息的第三数字信号后返回所述控制单元，以便所述控制单元将携带有样品信息的第三数字信号发送给上位机获取样品信息。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的控制装置，其特征在于，所述控制装置还包括存储单元，所述预设工作模式还包括存储模式；
    当所述控制装置处于存储模式时，所述控制单元将所述上位机传送的波形数据传送给所述存储单元进行存储。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的控制装置，其特征在于，当所述控制装置处于脉冲波模式时，所述控制单元用于从所述存储单元中读取所述上位机发送的波 形数据，对其进行处理后生成第一数字信号。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的控制装置，其特征在于，所述预设工作模式还包括方波模式；
    当所述控制装置处于方波模式时，所述控制单元在所述工作时钟信号的触发下，根据所述上位机发送的波形数据生成第一方波信号；
    所述转换接收单元用于接收所述第一方波信号，并对其进行电平调节获得第二方波信号并向所述微波收发机的微波开关输出，用于驱动所述微波开关，产生微波脉冲信号，所述微波脉冲信号用于激励样品腔中的样品产生携带有样品信息的第四微波信号；所述信号接收单元接收到所述第四微波信号后，将其转换为携带有样品信息的第四数字信号返回所述控制单元，以便所述控制单元将携带有样品信息的第四数字信号发送给上位机获取样品信息。
  10. 一种磁共振谱仪，其特征在于，包括至少一个如权利要求1-9任一项所述的控制装置。
PCT/CN2016/081119 2016-05-05 2016-05-05 一种磁共振谱仪及基于fpga的磁共振谱仪控制装置 WO2017190307A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16900829.9A EP3454052B1 (en) 2016-05-05 2016-05-05 Magnetic resonance spectrometer and control apparatus for magnetic resonance spectrometer based on fpga
US16/097,772 US11002695B2 (en) 2016-05-05 2016-05-05 Magnetic resonance spectrometer and control apparatus for magnetic resonance spectrometer based on FPGA
PCT/CN2016/081119 WO2017190307A1 (zh) 2016-05-05 2016-05-05 一种磁共振谱仪及基于fpga的磁共振谱仪控制装置

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2016/081119 WO2017190307A1 (zh) 2016-05-05 2016-05-05 一种磁共振谱仪及基于fpga的磁共振谱仪控制装置

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017190307A1 true WO2017190307A1 (zh) 2017-11-09

Family

ID=60202620

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2016/081119 WO2017190307A1 (zh) 2016-05-05 2016-05-05 一种磁共振谱仪及基于fpga的磁共振谱仪控制装置

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US11002695B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP3454052B1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2017190307A1 (zh)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1361418A (zh) * 2000-12-28 2002-07-31 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 一种数字化核磁共振控制台装置
CN101896832A (zh) * 2007-12-11 2010-11-24 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 Mri接收器中改进的时钟发生器
EP2256651A2 (en) * 2009-05-27 2010-12-01 Riccardo Stagnaro Control system for magnetic resonance scanner
CN102508180A (zh) * 2011-10-26 2012-06-20 中国科学技术大学 一种频率幅度相位快速可调型微波发生器
WO2014210268A1 (en) * 2013-06-27 2014-12-31 Emory University Devices, methods and computer readable storage media storing instructions for generating pulse signals

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9689954B2 (en) * 2012-09-28 2017-06-27 William Marsh Rice University Intergrated electron spin resonance spectrometer
US10036797B2 (en) * 2014-10-06 2018-07-31 Jeol Ltd. Electron spin resonance apparatus
US10605751B2 (en) * 2015-02-09 2020-03-31 Pepric Nv System and method for determining a quantity of magnetic particles

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1361418A (zh) * 2000-12-28 2002-07-31 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 一种数字化核磁共振控制台装置
CN101896832A (zh) * 2007-12-11 2010-11-24 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 Mri接收器中改进的时钟发生器
EP2256651A2 (en) * 2009-05-27 2010-12-01 Riccardo Stagnaro Control system for magnetic resonance scanner
CN102508180A (zh) * 2011-10-26 2012-06-20 中国科学技术大学 一种频率幅度相位快速可调型微波发生器
WO2014210268A1 (en) * 2013-06-27 2014-12-31 Emory University Devices, methods and computer readable storage media storing instructions for generating pulse signals

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
LI, SUN ET AL.: "Design and Implementation of an FPGA-based Timing Pulse Programmer for Pulse-electro Paramagnetic Resonance Applications", MAGNETIC RESONANCE, vol. 3, no. 43, 31 August 2013 (2013-08-31), pages 100 - 109, XP055552091 *
See also references of EP3454052A4 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US11002695B2 (en) 2021-05-11
EP3454052A4 (en) 2020-01-08
EP3454052A1 (en) 2019-03-13
US20200003713A1 (en) 2020-01-02
EP3454052B1 (en) 2022-10-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN108614271A (zh) 一种带反馈校正的多通道超声波任意波形信号发生器
KR101069710B1 (ko) 반도체 장치 및 이의 칩 선택방법
JP5714010B2 (ja) 超音波システムのためのサブビーム・フォーミング・トランスミッタ回路
CA2962784A1 (en) Parameter loader for ultrasound probe and related apparatus and methods
CN108107389B (zh) 基于数字调制技术的核磁共振射频脉冲发生器及控制方法
CN105929348B (zh) 一种磁共振谱仪及基于fpga的磁共振谱仪控制装置
WO2017124219A1 (zh) 一种基于fpga的方波发生器及方法
CN208752198U (zh) 一种带反馈校正的多通道超声波任意波形信号发生器
US9344064B2 (en) Integrated circuit comprising frequency change detection circuitry
CN113759345A (zh) 基于偏振调制光注入激光器的激光雷达及其调控方法
CN103191528B (zh) 超声相控阵列聚焦模式高速切换系统及聚焦模式合成方法
WO2017190307A1 (zh) 一种磁共振谱仪及基于fpga的磁共振谱仪控制装置
CN103905185A (zh) 一种适用于连续变量量子密钥分发的脉冲发生器
JPH11312400A (ja) 半導体集積回路
CN116663670A (zh) 量子测控系统、量子计算机、系统及网络和通信方法
CN115015854A (zh) 一种多通道星载sar回波模拟器
JP2005091108A (ja) ジッタ発生器及び試験装置
US8683255B2 (en) Circuit and method for controllably delaying an input signal, and microscope, and method for controlling a microscope
JPH09270714A (ja) 被試験信号生成装置及びディジタルデータ信号出力装置
CN114430359B (zh) 一种基于fpga的移相控制射频脉宽调制方法及系统
RU2008103428A (ru) Способ формирования радиопортрета объекта одним детектором и устройство для его реализации
CN215932129U (zh) 基于偏振调制光注入激光器的激光雷达
CN102566968A (zh) 一种产生真随机数的方法
Cen et al. Design and Implementation of Ultrashort Baseline Transmission and Data Acquisition Module Based on FPGA
Cheng et al. An electronic controller based on FPGA for the Ramsey-CPT atomic clock

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 16900829

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2016900829

Country of ref document: EP

Effective date: 20181205