WO2017186027A1 - 一种超声骨刀刀头 - Google Patents

一种超声骨刀刀头 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017186027A1
WO2017186027A1 PCT/CN2017/080906 CN2017080906W WO2017186027A1 WO 2017186027 A1 WO2017186027 A1 WO 2017186027A1 CN 2017080906 W CN2017080906 W CN 2017080906W WO 2017186027 A1 WO2017186027 A1 WO 2017186027A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blade
cutting
ultrasonic bone
head
grinding head
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/080906
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
冯振
曹群
Original Assignee
北京水木天蓬医疗技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by 北京水木天蓬医疗技术有限公司 filed Critical 北京水木天蓬医疗技术有限公司
Priority to BR112018071877-7A priority Critical patent/BR112018071877B1/pt
Priority to ES17788679T priority patent/ES2958595T3/es
Priority to EP17788679.3A priority patent/EP3449846B1/en
Priority to MX2018012971A priority patent/MX2018012971A/es
Priority to AU2017255549A priority patent/AU2017255549B2/en
Priority to JP2018556911A priority patent/JP6885967B2/ja
Priority to TR2018/15810A priority patent/TR201815810T1/tr
Priority to KR1020187033249A priority patent/KR102195185B1/ko
Publication of WO2017186027A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017186027A1/zh
Priority to US16/170,687 priority patent/US11207084B2/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/1657—Bone breaking devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/1604—Chisels; Rongeurs; Punches; Stamps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/1613—Component parts
    • A61B17/1615—Drill bits, i.e. rotating tools extending from a handpiece to contact the worked material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/1659—Surgical rasps, files, planes, or scrapers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B2017/1602—Mills
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B2017/320004—Surgical cutting instruments abrasive
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
    • A61B2017/320072—Working tips with special features, e.g. extending parts
    • A61B2017/320074—Working tips with special features, e.g. extending parts blade
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B2017/564—Methods for bone or joint treatment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of medical device equipment, and in particular to a scalpel, and more particularly to an ultrasonic bone cutter head.
  • Ultrasonic osteotome is a high-intensity focused ultrasound technique that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy through a transducer. After high-frequency ultrasonic vibration, the water in the contacted tissue cells is vaporized, and the protein hydrogen bonds are broken, thereby cutting the surgery. The bone tissue is completely destroyed. Since the high-intensity focused ultrasound has a destructive effect on bone tissue of a specific hardness and has a characteristic of being hard and not soft, it is particularly suitable for spinal surgery in which the periphery is a bone structure and the soft tissue in the middle is a spinal cord. Surgery with an ultrasonic bone knife can effectively prevent the occurrence of medical accidents in the spinal cord due to excessive force and accidental injury to the spinal cord, thereby improving the safety of the operation.
  • the present invention provides an ultrasonic bone cutter head for improving the above drawbacks.
  • the present invention provides an ultrasonic bone cutter head comprising a cutting portion at the front end of the ultrasonic bone cutter head, which is located at the rear end of the ultrasonic bone cutter head and is adjacent to the cutting portion
  • the connecting portion has a grinding head for grinding and a blade for cutting, and the grinding head and the blade are integrally formed.
  • the cross section of the grinding head and the blade is in the shape of an umbrella, the grinding head is located at the head of the umbrella, and the blade is located at the position of the handle.
  • the outer surface of the grinding head is divided into a plurality of protrusions by a plurality of criss-crossing grooves, wherein a plurality of grooves extending in the axial direction extend toward the rear end of the cutting portion and terminate in the middle portion of the cutting portion, and are formed for A longitudinal groove for draining liquid.
  • the blade comprises a transition portion connected to the grinding head and a cutting edge connected to the transition portion and located on the opposite side of the grinding head, the cutting edge being divided into a discontinuous tooth-shaped structure by a plurality of circular arcs at intervals, the tooth-shaped structure Sharp edges.
  • the blade comprises a transition portion connected to the grinding head and a cutting edge connected to the transition portion and located on the opposite side of the grinding head, and the two sides of the cutting edge are respectively provided with a plurality of parallel and perpendicular to the edge of the cutting edge and directed toward the grinding head The side edge that extends in the direction.
  • the cutting edge extends upwardly and wraps around the front end of the grinding head.
  • the transition portion smoothly joins the grinding head and the blade, the transition portion extending radially outwardly forming a stop surface for defining the depth of the blade.
  • the front end of the connecting portion is a frustum structure, the small end of which is connected with the cutting portion, and the large end thereof extends toward the tail end of the cutter head and forms a cylindrical structure, and is formed on the side of the cylindrical body near the large end of the frustum and along the outer surface of the cylinder. a plane for clamping.
  • the ultrasonic bone cutter head has a hollow structure, and an internal thread for connecting the ultrasonic bone cutter handle is opened at the end of the connecting portion.
  • the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that: in the invention, the ultrasonic bone cutter head is an integrated structure of the grinding head and the blade, and the medical staff can use the invented ultrasonic bone cutter head during the operation. Achieve a multi-purpose, no need to change the cutter head repeatedly, reducing the operation time, greatly improving the efficiency of surgery, reducing the risk of surgery and reducing the suffering of patients.
  • the ultrasonic bone cutter head of the invention isaki and compact, can accurately control the cutting amount and shape of the bone, reduce the amount of bone loss during the operation, and accelerate the recovery time of the patient.
  • the wound can also be hemostasis and clotting, which reduces the amount of surgical bleeding and further alleviates the patient's pain.
  • the integration of two different types of cutter heads can also reduce production costs and save manpower and material resources.
  • the ultrasonic bone cutter head of the invention has convenient, comfortable and high safety.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of an ultrasonic bone cutter head of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a right side elevational view of the first embodiment of the ultrasonic bone cutter head of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a right side view of the second embodiment of the ultrasonic bone cutter head of the present invention.
  • 4A and 4B are schematic right side views showing a third embodiment of the ultrasonic bone cutter head according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a right side view of the fourth embodiment of the ultrasonic bone cutter head of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a front elevational view showing a fifth embodiment of the ultrasonic bone cutter head of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a front elevational view showing a sixth embodiment of the ultrasonic bone cutter head of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view showing a seventh embodiment of the cutting portion of the ultrasonic bone cutter bit of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view showing an eighth embodiment of the cutting portion of the ultrasonic bone cutter bit of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the hollow structure of the ultrasonic bone cutter head of the present invention.
  • connection In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms “installation”, “connected”, and “connected” are to be understood broadly, and may be fixed or detachable, for example, unless otherwise explicitly defined and defined. Connected, or integrally connected; may be mechanical or electrical; may be directly connected, may be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or may be internal to the two components. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case by those skilled in the art.
  • the ultrasonic bone cutter head of the present invention comprises a cutting portion 1 at the front end of the ultrasonic bone cutter head and an ultrasonic bone.
  • a connecting portion 2 at the rear end of the blade head and in contact with the cutting portion 1, the front end of the cutting portion 1 has a grinding head 3 for grinding and a blade 4 for cutting, and the grinding head 3 and the blade 4 are of an integral structure.
  • the medical staff When performing an operation using the ultrasonic bone cutter head of the present invention, first, the medical staff utilizes the present invention.
  • the sharp edge 8 of the blade 4 of the ultrasonic bone cutter head rapidly cuts the body tissue, then rotates the handle so that the grinding head 3 faces downward, and then uses the grinding characteristics of the grinding head 3 to expand the surgical wound. By repeating this operation, it is possible to quickly cut the body tissue.
  • the medical staff does not have to change the cutter head repeatedly, which reduces the operation time, greatly improves the operation efficiency, reduces the risk of surgery, and reduces the suffering of the patient.
  • the ultrasonic bone cutter head of the invention is extremely and compact, can accurately control the cutting amount and the cutting shape of the bone, reduce the amount of bone loss during the operation, and accelerate the recovery time of the patient.
  • the wound can also be hemostasis and clotting, which reduces the amount of surgical bleeding and further alleviates the patient's pain.
  • the integration of two different types of cutter heads can also reduce production costs and save manpower and material resources.
  • the ultrasonic bone cutter head of the utility model has the advantages of convenient operation, comfort and high safety.
  • the cross section of the grinding head 3 and the blade 4 may be in the shape of an umbrella, the grinding head 3 is located at the head portion, and the blade 4 is located at the handle portion.
  • Different sizes of grinding heads 3 can be designed according to different surgical requirements.
  • the shape of the umbrella head of the grinding head 3 may be semi-circular or semi-elliptical, or a slightly pointed shape of the umbrella head. In short, any large-area contact with the body tissue and the grinding of the body tissue can be performed.
  • the shape of the operation is suitable as the shape of the grinding head 3.
  • the fan-shaped opening angle of the grinding head 3 is between 10° and 180°, and the grinding operation of the bone tissue can be effectively realized.
  • the center line of the grinding head 3 and the blade 4 is at an angle, and the center line of the grinding head 3 and the blade 4 can be adapted to an angle. Differently shaped bone structures.
  • FIG. 4A-4B are right side views of a third embodiment of the ultrasonic bone cutter head of the present invention.
  • the height ratio of the grinding head 3 and the blade 4 may be changed, that is, the heights of the grinding head 3 and the blade 4 may be the same or different.
  • the size of the cutter head is constant, when the height of the blade 4 is small as shown in FIG. 4A, the depth of the blade 4 can be precisely controlled to achieve the accuracy of the operation; when as shown in FIG. 4B, the height of the blade 4 is large. At the time, the cutting force can be increased and the operation efficiency can be improved.
  • Figure 5 is a right side elevational view of a fourth embodiment of the ultrasonic bone cutter head of the present invention.
  • the two sides of the blade 4 have a certain angle ⁇ , and the angle of ⁇ ranges from -15° to +15°.
  • the opening faces the cutting edge 8.
  • the outer surface of the grinding head 3 may also be divided into a plurality of protrusions 7 by a plurality of criss-crossing grooves, wherein a plurality of grooves extending in the axial direction extend toward the rear end of the cutting portion 1, and The end portion of the cutting portion 1 is terminated to form a longitudinal groove 5 for draining the liquid.
  • the function of the longitudinal groove 5 mainly includes two parts.
  • the longitudinal groove 5 can be used as a liquid drainage groove to introduce the surgical operation liquid into the cutting portion 1 more smoothly, thereby cleaning and cooling the body tissue;
  • the longitudinal groove 5 As the partition groove, the outer surface of the grinding head 3 is divided into a plurality of protrusions 7 together with the lateral grooves opened in the circumferential direction, thereby realizing the grinding function of the grinding head 3.
  • the longitudinal groove 5 terminates in the middle section of the cutting portion 1 and smoothly transitions with the outer surface of the cutting portion 1, which is more advantageous for the surgical operating fluid to flow into the longitudinal groove 5.
  • the shape of the plurality of protrusions 7 may be a cube, a polyhedron with a pointed end facing up, etc., the size and shape of which are determined by the shape of the intersecting grooves forming the protrusions 7, which shape may be used according to different surgical requirements. To design. In general, the cube-plane projections 7 are more advantageous for large grinding operations; the pointed projections 7 are more advantageous for grinding bone tissue.
  • Fig. 6 is a front elevational view showing a fifth embodiment of the ultrasonic bone cutter head of the present invention.
  • the blade 4 includes a transition portion 6 connected to the grinding head 3 and a cutting edge 8 connected to the transition portion 6 on the opposite side of the grinding head 3, and the cutting edge 8 is
  • the plurality of circular arcs 11 are divided into intermittent tooth-shaped structures at a certain interval, and the edges of the tooth-shaped structure are sharp.
  • the cutting edge 8 of the sharp tooth structure can concentrate the ultrasonic energy, improve the energy conversion efficiency, and perform the operation more quickly and conveniently.
  • the cutting edge 8 itself is divided into a straight line by a plurality of circular arcs 11
  • the portion of the grinding head 3 located at the front end of the cutting portion 1 may have a circular structure.
  • the circular structure of the grinding head 3 is a conventional shape of the scalpel head, and the outer surface of the grinding head 3 of this shape is smooth and small, and is easy to perform a fine grinding operation.
  • the blade 4 includes a transition portion 6 connected to the grinding head 3 and a cutting edge 8 connected to the transition portion 6 on the opposite side of the grinding head 3, and the front end of the cutting edge 8 may be an arc portion 9, the cutting edge
  • the rear end of the 8 is a straight portion 10, and a smooth transition is formed between the curved portion 9 and the straight portion 10.
  • This smooth transition structure facilitates the operator's easier cutting into the bone tissue using an ultrasonic bone knife.
  • the grinding head 3 that cooperates with the curved cutting edge 8 may have any shape such as a square head, a round head, and a pointed end.
  • Figure 7 is a front elevational view of a sixth embodiment of the ultrasonic bone cutter head of the present invention.
  • the portion of the grinding head 3 located at the front end of the cutting portion 1 has a square structure.
  • the head of the square-shaped cutting portion 1 has a sharp right-angled edge, which is advantageous for the concentration of ultrasonic energy.
  • the square-shaped grinding head 3 is more than a circular structure. Have an advantage.
  • FIG 8 is a perspective view of a seventh embodiment of the ultrasonic bone cutter head of the present invention.
  • the blade 4 of the ultrasonic bone cutter head includes a transition portion 6 connected to the grinding head 3 and a cutting edge 8 connected to the transition portion 6 and located on the opposite side of the grinding head 3.
  • the two sides of the cutting edge 8 are respectively provided with a plurality of parallel side edges 14 which are perpendicular to the edge of the cutting edge 8 and extend in the direction of the grinding head 3.
  • the edge of the side edge 14 is sharp, which is more conducive to cutting the body tissue.
  • the side edge 14 can be formed by forming a groove on the side of the blade 4.
  • Grooves may be formed only on one side of the blade 4, or grooves may be formed on both sides of the blade 4.
  • a part of the groove may be penetrated in the thickness direction of the blade 4 so that a part of the blade has a comb-like structure, and all the grooves may be penetrated in the thickness direction of the blade 4 to make the blade as a comb-like structure as a whole.
  • the length and depth of each groove can be arbitrarily changed and different from each other.
  • the side edge 14 is formed by the side surface of the blade 4, and the slip between the blade 4 and the bone can be prevented during the operation, which can further improve the positioning accuracy and the cutting speed, thereby improving the operation efficiency and accuracy, and shortening.
  • the operation time reduces the pain of the patient.
  • the grooves are dense, that is, the number of the side edges 14 is large, the cutting speed is faster and the positioning effect is better.
  • a deeper groove is formed in the blade 4, and the cutting efficiency is higher in the operation for a hard bone having a higher degree of calcification.
  • the groove depth is shallow, the overall strength of the cutter head can be ensured to prevent the cutter head from breaking during the operation. So, by setting the blade 4 reasonably The depth of each groove can ensure the cutting speed during operation and the life of the blade in the operation of the hard bone with a high degree of calcification, and the surgical efficiency and safety can be considered.
  • the groove may be inclined in the direction of the cutter head to be at an angle of less than 90 degrees with the cutting edge 8, that is, the bottom edge of the blade 4. In this way, by tilting the groove in the direction of the cutting head, the flow of the rinsing liquid can be controlled during the operation, so that the effect of flushing and cooling during the operation can be further improved.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an eighth embodiment of the ultrasonic bone cutter head of the present invention.
  • the blade 4 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure as a whole, and its front end extends vertically upward and intersects the grinding head 3.
  • the blade 4 of this shape is easy to process, and its tip is sharp, which is more conducive to concentrating ultrasonic energy and speeding up the surgical process.
  • the blade 4 may also extend upward and wrap the front end of the grinding head 3 and form a cutting edge 8 at the front end of the grinding head 3.
  • the shape of the cutting edge 8 may be various shapes such as a semi-circular arc, a pointed circular arc, and a straight edge. As long as the cutting head is perpendicular to the body structure, the body tissue can be effectively cut.
  • the cutting edge 8 encloses the front end of the grinding head 3 so that the medical staff can erect the ultrasonic bone knife to cut the narrow gap of the body tissue, expand the application range of the ultrasonic bone knife, and facilitate the precision of the surgical cutting and improve the accuracy. Surgical efficiency, while reducing surgical trauma and improving cure rate.
  • the transition portion 6 smoothly connects the grinding head 3 and the blade 4, and the transition portion 6 extends radially outward to form a stop surface 12 for defining the depth of the blade 4, as shown in FIG. .
  • the stopping surface 12 will be stuck on the outside of the incision, which limits the further penetration of the blade 4, effectively preventing the medical staff from operating improperly. An accident caused by excessive cutting of the body tissue.
  • the stop surface 12 is formed by the transition portion 6 extending radially outwardly, and may be a flat surface, a concave surface, or a curved surface, as long as it can define any shape of the blade 4 further deep, preferably a planar structure, which facilitates processing and cleaning.
  • the transition portion 6 smoothly transitions with the blade 4, and the transition fillet preferably has a radius of 0.5 mm to a radius of 10 mm.
  • the front end of the connecting portion 2 of the ultrasonic bone cutter head of the present invention has a frustum structure. Its small end is connected to the cutting portion 1, and its large end extends toward the tail end of the cutter head to form a cylindrical structure, as shown in FIG.
  • a plurality of flat faces 13 for clamping are formed on one side of the cylinder near the large end of the frustum and along the outer surface of the cylinder.
  • the clamping plane 13 is designed primarily to facilitate gripping of the cutter head with a tool.
  • the number of clamping planes may be an even number and may be symmetrically distributed in pairs. The number may also be an odd number. When installed, the special tooling sleeve is used to rotate outside the clamping plane.
  • FIG 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the hollow structure of the ultrasonic bone cutter head of the present invention.
  • the ultrasonic bone cutter head has a hollow structure, and an internal thread 15 for connecting the ultrasonic bone cutter handle is opened at the end of the connecting portion.
  • the design of the hollow structure can save material, making the cutter head lighter and more flexible; on the other hand, it can also improve the heat dissipation performance of the cutter head, and at the same time, the medical liquid can flow through it, further improving the heat dissipation performance and the lubrication effect. .
  • the embodiment of the present invention has the advantages that: in the present invention, the ultrasonic bone cutter head is an integrated structure of the grinding head 3 and the blade 4, and the medical staff uses the ultrasonic bone cutter of the present invention during the operation.
  • the cutter head can realize multi-purpose use, without having to replace the cutter head repeatedly, reducing the operation time, greatly improving the operation efficiency, reducing the risk of surgery and reducing the suffering of the patient.
  • the wound can also be hemostasis and clotting, which reduces the amount of surgical bleeding and further alleviates the patient's pain.
  • the integration of two different types of cutter heads can also reduce production costs and save manpower and material resources.
  • the ultrasonic bone cutter head of the invention has convenient, comfortable and high safety.

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Abstract

一种超声骨刀刀头，包括位于超声骨刀刀头前端的切割部（1），位于超声骨刀刀头后端且与切割部（1）相接的连接部（2），切割部（1）前端具有用于磨削的磨头（3）以及用于切割的刀片（4），磨头（3）和刀片（4）为一体结构。超声骨刀刀头为磨头（3）与刀片（4）为一体化结构，在进行手术时，医护人员使用超声骨刀刀头可以实现一刀多用，不必反复更换刀头，减少了手术时间，极大地提高了手术效率，降低了手术风险，减少了患者痛苦。同时，将两种不同用途的刀头集成化，还可以降低生产成本，节约人力、物力资源。该超声骨刀刀头操作方便、舒适，安全性高。

Description

一种超声骨刀刀头 技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械设备领域，特别是涉及一种手术刀，尤其是涉及一种超声骨刀刀头。
背景技术
在现代社会中，随着医疗技术的发展，骨科手术呈现多样化趋势，相应地，实施手术时，需要针对不同的骨科病情采用不同形状的手术刀头对患处进行切割、磨削、刮疗、夹持等操作。
针对骨骼结构的特殊构造，结合近年来不断发展的超声技术，超声骨刀逐渐成为现代骨科手术的主要工具。超声骨刀是利用高强度聚焦超声技术，通过换能器，将电能转化为机械能，经高频超声震荡，使所接触的组织细胞内水分汽化，蛋白氢键断裂，从而将手术中需要切割的骨组织彻底破坏。由于该高强度聚焦超声波只对特定硬度的骨组织具有破坏作用，具有切硬不切软的特性，因而特别适用于外围为骨骼结构，中间为脊髓这种柔软组织的脊柱手术。利用超声骨刀进行手术可以有效地防止手术中由于用力过猛，不小心伤到脊髓的医疗事故的发生，从而提高手术安全性。
在现有技术中，医生持超声骨刀进行切骨手术时，主要依赖手术经验来把握切割深度和切割力度。在进行切割过程中，还要更换不同种类的刀头，以起到不同的切割效果，因而大大降低了手术效率，增加了医护人员工作量，延长了手术时间，医护人员更加容易疲劳。与此同时，不断更换刀头还会中断医生进行手术操作的进程，打破手术的连续性，破坏手术中产生的手感。众所周知，手术操作是一个人为的器械操作过程，有一些动手经验的人都明白，在进行精密操作时讲究一气呵成，在动手过程中人与器械会找到一个互相磨合的最佳状态，正所谓得心应手。如果这一过程由于频繁地更换刀头而 不断地被迫中断，操作人员就需要反复去与新刀头进行磨合，重新去适应，重新找感觉，这会大大降低手术效率，增大手术风险，对主刀医生提出更高的要求，无形中加大了医生工作量，降低了手术成功率。
发明内容
针对现有的问题，本发明提供一种超声骨刀刀头，用以改善上述弊端。
本发明为解决上述问题所采用的技术方案是：本发明提供了一种超声骨刀刀头，包括位于超声骨刀刀头前端的切割部，位于超声骨刀刀头后端且与切割部相接的连接部，切割部前端具有用于磨削的磨头以及用于切割的刀片，磨头和刀片为一体结构。
优选地，磨头和刀片的横截面呈伞状，磨头位于伞头部位，刀片位于伞柄部位。
优选地，磨头外表面由多条纵横交错的沟槽分割成多个突起，其中沿轴向方向开设的多条沟槽向切割部后端方向延伸，并终止于切割部中段，形成用于引流液体的纵槽。
优选地，刀片包括与磨头相连的过渡部和与过渡部相连且位于磨头相对一侧的刃口，刃口被多个圆弧呈一定间隔分割成间断的齿形结构，齿形结构的边缘锋利。
优选地，刀片包括与磨头相连的过渡部和与过渡部相连且位于磨头相对一侧的刃口，刃口两侧分别开设有多条平行的、且垂直于刃口边缘并向磨头方向延伸的侧刃。
优选地，刃口向上延伸并包裹磨头前端。
优选地，过渡部平滑连接磨头以及刀片，过渡部沿径向向外延伸，形成用于限定刀片进深的止动面。
优选地，连接部前端为锥台结构，其小端连接切割部，其大端向刀头尾部延伸并形成圆柱体结构，在圆柱体的靠近锥台大端的一侧且沿圆柱体外表面形成有多个用于夹持的平面。
优选地，超声骨刀刀头为中空结构，在连接部尾端开设有用于连接超声骨刀手柄的内螺纹。
与现有技术相比，本发明实施例的优点在于：本发明中，超声骨刀刀头为磨头与刀片的一体化结构，在进行手术时，医护人员使用发明的超声骨刀刀头可以实现一刀多用，不必反复更换刀头，减少了手术时间，极大地提高了手术效率，降低了手术风险，减少了患者痛苦。本发明的超声骨刀刀头精致小巧，可精确控制对骨头的切削量以及形状，降低术中的切骨损失量，加快病人的恢复时间。依据超声骨刀的超声特性，还可以对伤口进行止血、凝血，减少了手术出血量，进一步减轻了患者痛苦。同时，将两种不同用途的刀头集成化，还可以降低生产成本，节约人力、物力资源。本发明的超声骨刀刀头操作方便、舒适，安全性高。
附图说明
图1为本发明的超声骨刀刀头的第一实施例的立体示意图；
图2为本发明的超声骨刀刀头的第一实施例的右视示意图；
图3为本发明的超声骨刀刀头的第二实施例的右视示意图；
图4A、图4B为本发明的超声骨刀刀头的第三实施例的右视示意图；
图5为本发明的超声骨刀刀头的第四实施例的右视示意图；
图6为本发明的超声骨刀刀头的第五实施例的主视示意图；
图7为本发明的超声骨刀刀头的第六实施例的主视示意图；
图8为本发明的超声骨刀刀头的切割部的第七实施例的立体示意图；
图9为本发明的超声骨刀刀头的切割部的第八实施例的立体示意图；
图10为示出了本发明的超声骨刀刀头的中空结构的剖面示意图。
附图标记：
1～切割部；2～连接部；3～磨头；4～刀片；5～纵槽；6～过渡部；7～突起；8～刃口；9～弧形部；10～平直部；11～圆弧；12～止动面；13～夹持平面；14～侧刃；15～内螺纹。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语中“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，可以通过中间媒介间接相连，也可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
图1是本发明的超声骨刀刀头的第一实施例的立体示意图，如图1所示，本发明的超声骨刀刀头包括位于超声骨刀刀头前端的切割部1和位于超声骨刀刀头后端且与切割部1相接的连接部2，切割部1的前端具有用于磨削的磨头3以及用于切割的刀片4，磨头3和刀片4为一体结构。
在使用本发明的超声骨刀刀头进行手术时，首先医护人员利用本发明的 超声骨刀刀头的刀片4的锋利刃口8对机体组织进行快速切割，然后旋转刀柄，使得磨头3朝下，再利用磨头3的磨削特性，扩大手术创面。如此反复操作，可以实现快速对机体组织进行切割。在手术进程中，医护人员不必反复更换刀头，减少了手术时间，极大地提高了手术效率，降低了手术风险，减少了患者痛苦。本发明的超声骨刀刀头精致小巧，可精确控制对骨头的切削量以及切削形状，降低手术中的切骨损失量，加快病人的恢复时间。依据超声骨刀的超声特性，还可以对伤口进行止血、凝血，减少了手术出血量，进一步减轻了患者痛苦。同时，将两种不同用途的刀头集成化，还可以降低生产成本，节约人力、物力资源。本实用新型的超声骨刀刀头操作方便、舒适，安全性高。
图2是本发明的超声骨刀刀头的第一实施例的右视示意图。如图2所示，磨头3和刀片4的横截面可以呈伞状，磨头3位于伞头部位，刀片4位于伞柄部位。可以依据不同的手术要求，设计出不同大小的磨头3。例如，磨头3的伞头形状可以是半圆形，也可是半椭圆形，或者是伞头稍尖的形状，总之，任何能够与机体组织产生大面积接触，并能够对机体组织进行磨削操作的形状都适合作为磨头3的外形。优选地，磨头3的扇形开角在10°～180°之间，可以有效地实现对骨组织的磨削操作。
图3为本发明的超声骨刀刀头的第二实施例的右视示意图。相比于本发明第一实施例，本发明第二实施例中，磨头3和刀片4的中心线呈一定角度的夹角，磨头3和刀片4的中心线呈一定的夹角可以适应不同形状的骨骼结构。
图4A～图4B为本发明的超声骨刀刀头的第三实施例的右视示意图。相比于本发明第一实施例，本发明第三实施例中，磨头3和刀片4的高度比例可以有一定变化，即磨头3和刀片4的高度可以相同，也可以不同。在刀头大小一定的情况下，当如图4A所示那样刀片4高度较小时，则可以精确控制刀片4的进深，实现手术的精准性；当如图4B所示那样,刀片4高度较大时，则可以加大切割力度，提高手术效率。
图5为本发明的超声骨刀刀头的第四实施例的右视示意图。相比于本发明第一、第三实施例，本发明第四实施例中，刀片4的两个侧面存在一定的夹角β，β角度范围在-15°～+15°之间，夹角开口朝向刃口8。
在上述各实施例中，磨头3外表面也可以由多条纵横交错的沟槽分割成多个突起7，其中沿轴向方向开设的多条沟槽向切割部1后端方向延伸，并终止于切割部1的中段，形成用于引流液体的纵槽5。纵槽5的功能主要包括两部分，其一，纵槽5可以作为液体引流槽，将手术操作液更为顺畅地引入切割部1，从而对机体组织进行清洗、降温；其二，纵槽5作为分隔沟槽，与沿周向开设的横沟一起将磨头3的外表面分割成多个突起7，从而实现了磨头3的磨削功能。优选地，纵槽5在切割部1中段上的终止，且与切割部1外表面平滑过渡，更有利于手术操作液流入纵槽5中。多个突起7的形状可以为立方体、尖端朝上的多面体等等，其大小、形状由形成突起7的纵横交错的沟槽所相交的形状确定，具体采用哪一种形状可以根据不同的手术要求来进行设计。一般来说，立方体平面的突起7更有利于进行大磨削量操作；带有尖端的突起7,更有利于将骨组织磨碎。
图6为本发明的超声骨刀刀头的第五实施例的主视示意图。本发明第五实施例中，如图6所示，刀片4包括与磨头3相连的过渡部6和与过渡部6相连、且位于磨头3相对一侧的刃口8，刃口8被多个圆弧11呈一定间隔分割成间断的齿形结构，齿形结构的边缘锋利。一方面，锋利齿形结构的刃口8可以集中超声能量，提高能量转换效率，更加快速和便捷地进行手术，另一方面，刃口8本身被多个圆弧11分割成一个个沿一条直线排列的小刀片，对机体组织进行一次切割，就会有多次划切过程，医务人员操作起来更省力，手术效率更高。
如图6所示，磨头3的位于切割部1前端的部分可以为圆形结构。圆形结构的磨头3为手术刀头的常规形状，这种形状的磨头3外表面光滑、小巧，便于进行精细磨削操作。
如图6所示，刀片4包括与磨头3相连的过渡部6和与过渡部6相连且位于磨头3相对一侧的刃口8，刃口8前端可以为弧形部9，刃口8的后端为平直部10，弧形部9和平直部10之间形成平滑过渡。这种平滑过渡的结构有利于操作人员使用超声骨刀更加方便地切入骨组织。与弧形刃口8相配合的磨头3可以是方头、圆头、尖头等任意形状。
图7为本发明的超声骨刀刀头的第六实施例的主视示意图。相比于本发明第五实施例，本发明第六实施例中，磨头3的位于切割部1前端的部分为方形结构。方形结构的切割部1的头部具有锋利的直角边，该直角边结构有利于超声能量的集中，对于一些需要高能量进行磨削操作的机体组织，方形结构的磨头3比圆形结构更具优势。
图8为本发明的超声骨刀刀头的第七实施例的立体示意图。如图8所示，本发明第七实施例中，超声骨刀刀头的刀片4包括与磨头3相连的过渡部6和与过渡部6相连且位于磨头3相对一侧的刃口8，刃口8双侧分别开设有多条平行的、且垂直于刃口8边缘并向磨头3方向延伸的侧刃14。侧刃14边缘锋利，更加有利于切割机体组织。
具体来说，可以通过在刀片4的侧面形成凹槽从而形成侧刃14。可以仅在刀片4的一个侧面形成凹槽，也可以在刀片4的两个侧面都形成凹槽。可以使一部分凹槽在刀片4的厚度方向上贯通而使刀片的一部分呈梳形结构，也可以使全部凹槽在刀片4的厚度方向上贯通而使刀片整体呈梳形结构。各个凹槽的长度和深度可以任意变化而相互不同。本发明的超声骨刀刀头中，通过刀片4的侧面形成侧刃14，手术中能够防止刀片4与骨头之间打滑，能够进一步提高定位精度和切割速度，从而提高手术效率和准确性，缩短手术时间，降低患者痛苦。在凹槽较为密集即侧刃14数量较多的情况下，切割速度更快，定位效果更好。在刀片4上形成深度较深的凹槽，在针对钙化程度较高的硬质骨头的手术中切割效率更高。但是如果凹槽深度较浅，则能够保证刀头整体的强度，防止手术中刀头断裂。如此，通过合理设置刀片4上 各凹槽的深度，在针对钙化程度较高的硬质骨头的手术中，能够确保手术中的切割速度和刀片的寿命，兼顾手术效率和安全性。
另外，上述凹槽可以向刀头方向倾斜而与刃口8即刀片4的底边呈小于90度的夹角。如此，通过使凹槽向刀头方向倾斜，手术中能够控制冲洗液的流向，从而能够进一步提高手术中冲洗和冷却的效果。
图9为本发明的超声骨刀刀头的第八实施例的立体示意图。如图9所示，本发明第八实施例中，刀片4整体呈长方体结构，其前端垂直向上延伸并与磨头3相交。这种形状的刀片4便于加工，其尖端锋利，更加有利于集中超声能量，加快手术进程。
另外，图6中，刀片4也可以向上延伸并包裹磨头3前端并在磨头3前端形成刃口8。刃口8的形状可以是半圆弧、尖圆弧、直边等各种形状，只要能够满足将刀头垂直于机体组织时，还可以对机体组织进行有效切割即可。这种刃口8包裹磨头3前端的结构使得医护人员可以将超声骨刀竖起来对机体组织狭小的缝隙进行切割操作，拓展了超声骨刀应用范围，有利于实现手术切割的精准性，提高手术效率，同时降低手术创伤，提高治愈率。
优选为，在上述各实施例中，过渡部6平滑连接磨头3以及刀片4，过渡部6沿径向向外延伸，形成用于限定刀片4进深的止动面12，如图1所示。当医护人员操作超声骨刀对机体组织进行切割时，切身达到刀片4高度后，止动面12就会卡在切口外侧，限制了刀片4进一步进深，有效防止了由于医护人员操作不当，用力过猛而对机体组织切割过多所引起的事故。止动面12由过渡部6沿径向向外延伸形成，形状可以是平面、凹面，曲面，只要是可以限定刀片4进一步进深的任何形状都可以，优选地为平面结构，利于加工和清洗。过渡部6与刀片4平滑过渡，过渡圆角优选地为半径0.5mm～半径10mm。
在上述各实施例中，本发明的超声骨刀刀头的连接部2前端为锥台结构， 其小端连接切割部1，其大端向刀头尾部延伸并形成圆柱体结构，如图1所示。在圆柱体的靠近锥台大端的一侧且沿圆柱体外表面形成有多个用于夹持的平面13。夹持平面13的设计为主要是为了方便采用工具夹持刀头。夹持平面数量可以是偶数个，并呈两两对称分布；数量也可以是奇数个，安装时采用专用工装套接在夹持平面外进行旋转操作。
图10为示出了本发明的超声骨刀刀头的中空结构的剖面示意图。如图10所示，超声骨刀刀头为中空结构，在连接部尾端开设有用于连接超声骨刀手柄的内螺纹15。这种中空结构的设计一方面可以节省材料，使得刀头更为轻巧、灵便；另一方面也可以提高刀头的散热性能，同时也可以使医用液体从中流过，进一步提高散热性能和润滑效果。
与现有技术相比，本发明实施例的优点在于：本发明中，超声骨刀刀头为磨头3与刀片4的一体化结构，在进行手术时，医护人员使用本发明的超声骨刀刀头可以实现一刀多用，不必反复更换刀头，减少了手术时间，极大地提高了手术效率，降低了手术风险，减少了患者痛苦。依据超声骨刀的超声特性，还可以对伤口进行止血、凝血，减少了手术出血量，进一步减轻了患者痛苦。同时，将两种不同用途的刀头集成化，还可以降低生产成本，节约人力、物力资源。本发明的超声骨刀刀头操作方便、舒适，安全性高。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换，而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种超声骨刀刀头，包括位于所述超声骨刀刀头前端的切割部，位于所述超声骨刀刀头后端且与所述切割部相接的连接部，其特征在于，
    所述切割部前端具有用于磨削的磨头以及用于切割的刀片，所述磨头和所述刀片为一体结构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的超声骨刀刀头，其特征在于，
    所述磨头和所述刀片的横截面呈伞状，所述磨头位于伞头部位，所述刀片位于伞柄部位。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的超声骨刀刀头，其特征在于，
    所述磨头外表面由多条纵横交错的沟槽分割成多个突起，其中沿轴向方向开设的多条沟槽向所述切割部后端方向延伸，并终止于所述切割部中段，形成用于引流液体的纵槽。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的超声骨刀刀头，其特征在于，
    所述刀片包括与所述磨头相连的过渡部和与所述过渡部相连且位于所述磨头相对一侧的刃口，所述刃口被多个圆弧呈一定间隔分割成间断的齿形结构，所述齿形结构的边缘锋利。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的超声骨刀刀头，其特征在于，
    所述刀片包括与所述磨头相连的过渡部和与所述过渡部相连且位于所述磨头相对一侧的刃口，所述刃口双侧分别开设有多条平行的、且垂直于所述刃口边缘并向所述磨头方向延伸的侧刃。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的超声骨刀刀头，其特征在于，
    所述刃口向上延伸并包裹所述磨头前端。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的超声骨刀刀头，其特征在于，
    所述过渡部平滑连接所述磨头以及所述刀片，所述过渡部沿径向向外延伸，形成用于限定刀片进深的止动面。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的超声骨刀刀头，其特征在于，
    所述过渡部平滑连接所述磨头以及所述刀片，所述过渡部沿径向向外延伸，形成用于限定刀片进深的止动面。
  9. 根据权利要求1或2所述的超声骨刀刀头，其特征在于，
    所述连接部前端为锥台结构，其小端连接所述切割部，其大端向所述刀头尾部延伸并形成圆柱体结构，在所述圆柱体的靠近所述锥台大端的一侧且沿所述圆柱体外表面形成有多个用于夹持的平面。
  10. 根据权利要求1或2所述的超声骨刀刀头，其特征在于，
    所述超声骨刀刀头为中空结构，在所述连接部尾端开设有用于连接超声骨刀手柄的内螺纹。
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