WO2017185847A1 - 过流过压保护器件及方法 - Google Patents

过流过压保护器件及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017185847A1
WO2017185847A1 PCT/CN2017/072821 CN2017072821W WO2017185847A1 WO 2017185847 A1 WO2017185847 A1 WO 2017185847A1 CN 2017072821 W CN2017072821 W CN 2017072821W WO 2017185847 A1 WO2017185847 A1 WO 2017185847A1
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tvs
ptc
overcurrent
overvoltage protection
voltage
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PCT/CN2017/072821
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English (en)
French (fr)
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唐荣道
黄剑
邱炜
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2017185847A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017185847A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
    • H02H9/026—Current limitation using PTC resistors, i.e. resistors with a large positive temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/06—Details with automatic reconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/06—Details with automatic reconnection
    • H02H3/066—Reconnection being a consequence of eliminating the fault which caused disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H02H9/042—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage comprising means to limit the absorbed power or indicate damaged over-voltage protection device

Definitions

  • This paper relates to but not limited to the technical field of circuit protection components, and relates to an overcurrent and overvoltage protection device and method.
  • Transient Voltage Suppressor is a commonly used overvoltage protection device in electronic circuits. It has extremely fast response time (sub-nanosecond order) and high surge absorption capability. When its two ends are subjected to an instantaneous high-energy impact, the TVS can change the impedance between the two ends from high impedance to low impedance at a very high speed to absorb an instantaneous large current, thereby clamping its voltage at both ends. At a predetermined value, the subsequent circuit components are protected from transient high voltage spikes.
  • a passive temperature coefficient positive temperature coefficient thermistor device, PTC for short
  • PTC positive temperature coefficient thermistor device
  • the polymer resin tightly binds the conductive particles to the crystal structure, forming a chain-like conductive path.
  • the self-recovering fuse is in a low-resistance state, and the heat generated by the current flowing through the self-recovering fuse on the line is small. Does not change the crystal structure.
  • the heat generated by the large current flowing through the self-recovering fuse causes the polymer resin to melt, the volume rapidly increases, the high-resistance state is formed, and the operating current is rapidly reduced, thereby limiting and protecting the circuit.
  • the self-recovery fuse When the fault is removed, the self-recovery fuse re-cools and crystallizes, the volume shrinks, the conductive particles re-form the conductive path, and the self-recovery fuse returns to a low-resistance state, thereby completing the protection of the circuit without manual replacement.
  • PTC and TVS are used as two independent devices in the protection circuit. Since the TVS needs to be clamped to a predetermined numerical voltage, the TVS has a large power consumption when it is turned on, and its own temperature is rapid. When the rise, the energy absorbed by the TVS is limited, often because the PTC has not yet reacted quickly, and at this time, the power consumption of the TVS has exceeded the rated steady-state power consumption, causing the TVS temperature to be too high and the thermal breakdown to fail. The protection against overcurrent and overvoltage is low and the circuit is easily damaged.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides an overcurrent and overvoltage protection device and method, which solves the problem of poor reliability of the overcurrent and overvoltage protection device in the related art.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an overcurrent and overvoltage protection device, including: a transient suppression diode TVS and a self-recovering fuse PTC, wherein the TVS is thermally coupled to the PTC; the number of the TVS is one or Multiple, the number of the PTCs is one or more.
  • the TVS comprises a one-way TVS and/or a two-way TVS.
  • the connecting material of the TVS and the PTC is thermally coupled to include at least one of the following: an electrically conductive metal, an insulating thermal conductive film, an insulating thermal conductive adhesive, and a solder paste.
  • the TVS is integrated with the PTC package.
  • the device is connected to an external circuit through a pin or patch disposed external to the device.
  • the surface of the device is provided with an outer casing or an encapsulating coating layer.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides an overcurrent and overvoltage protection method, which is applicable to any of the above-mentioned overcurrent and overvoltage protection devices, including: when an abnormal overcurrent occurs in a load, the self-recovering fuse PTC limits the output current to a pre-charge And within the current range; and/or, when an overvoltage occurs in the input voltage, the transient suppression diode TVS clamps the output voltage within a preset voltage range, and the PTC is overcurrent protected by the thermal energy generated by the TVS. .
  • the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention includes a transient suppression diode TVS and a self-recovering fuse PTC, wherein the TVS is thermally coupled to the PTC.
  • the heat generated by the TVS can be transmitted to the PTC, and the PTC forms a high-resistance state through its own characteristics, thereby functioning as a protection circuit, and can solve the problem of poor reliability of the overcurrent and overvoltage protection device in the related art, and improve the TVS.
  • the reliability of the device solves the problem of slow PTC protection and unprotected at low temperature.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the structure of an overcurrent and overvoltage protection device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a first schematic view of a device patch according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a second schematic view of a device patch according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a device pin of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a first schematic structural diagram of a protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a second schematic structural diagram of a protection circuit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a third schematic structural diagram of a protection circuit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a fourth structural diagram of a protection circuit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram 5 of a protection circuit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of an overcurrent and overvoltage protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the device includes: a transient suppression diode TVS10 and The self-recovering fuse PTC12, wherein the TVS is thermally coupled to the TVS.
  • the TVS When the protected line voltage is lower than the TVS rated reverse turn-off voltage, the TVS is in the reverse-off state, and the current flowing through the TVS is less than or equal to its maximum reverse leakage current ID, which is nearly open and thus does not affect the device or The normal operation of the electrical equipment, at this time the heat generated by the current flowing through the PTC on the line is small, does not change the crystal structure, and the PTC is in a low resistance state.
  • the resistance of the TVS drops rapidly, turning on a large current, and clamping the voltage within the voltage range that can be withstood by the protected device or electrical equipment.
  • the TVS is turned on and generates heat, and the heat can be transferred.
  • the PTC polymer resin is melted, the volume is rapidly increased, a high resistance state is formed, and the operating current is reduced, thereby limiting and protecting the circuit.
  • This embodiment includes a transient suppression diode TVS and a self-recovering fuse PTC, wherein the TVS is thermally coupled to the PTC.
  • the heat generated by the TVS can be transmitted to the PTC, and the PTC forms a high-resistance state by its own characteristics, thereby functioning as a protection circuit.
  • the problem of poor reliability of the overcurrent and overvoltage protection device in the related art can be solved, and the reliability of the TVS device is improved, and the defect that the PTC protection speed is slow and the unprotected in the low temperature environment temperature is solved.
  • the device is connected to an external circuit via a pin or patch that is placed external to the device.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a device chip according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a device chip according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a device pin according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, the pin extends from the inside of the device. Out.
  • the surface of the device is provided with an outer casing or an encapsulating coating layer.
  • the overcurrent and overvoltage protection device of this embodiment can protect different circuits and be set in different application scenarios, and the number and type of PTC and TVS may be different in different application scenarios.
  • the device consists of one or more PTCs and one unidirectional TVS.
  • the device consists of one or more PTCs and one or more bidirectional TVSs. The following is a detailed description:
  • FIG. 5 is a first schematic structural diagram of a protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5, it is composed of a PTC and a unidirectional TVS, and is applied to a DC voltage.
  • FIG. 6 is a second schematic structural diagram of a protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6, a PTC and a bidirectional TVS are applied to an AC voltage.
  • FIG. 7 is a third schematic structural diagram of a protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7, the two PTCs and one bidirectional TVS are used in a balanced circuit to suppress transient differential mode interference.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 8, the two PTCs and two bidirectional TVSs are used in a balanced circuit to suppress transient differential mode and common mode interference. .
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram 5 of a protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG.
  • the PTC and three bidirectional TVS components used in the case of balanced circuits, can simultaneously suppress transient differential mode and common mode interference.
  • the breakdown voltage of differential mode interference is determined by a single bidirectional TVS connected to the line.
  • overcurrent and overvoltage protection device of this embodiment may also be other circuit structures, and any variation and combination may be performed, such as one or more PTCs and one unidirectional TVS are arranged in series.
  • the embodiment provides an overcurrent and overvoltage protection method, which realizes overcurrent and overvoltage protection by using any of the overcurrent and overvoltage protection devices in the above embodiments, including: when an abnormal overcurrent occurs in the load, the PTC outputs The current is limited to a preset current range; and/or, when an overvoltage occurs in the input voltage, the TVS clamps the output voltage within a preset voltage range, and the PTC is caused by thermal energy generated by the TVS Stream protection to avoid damage to the TVS.
  • the PTC and the TVS may limit the output current to a preset current range.
  • the PTC can follow the normal action to limit the output current to a small value; when the input has an overvoltage, the internal TVS can clamp the output to a specific voltage and generate it through TVS.
  • the thermal energy allows the PTC to quickly perform overcurrent protection in this abnormal situation to avoid damage to the TVS.
  • This embodiment provides an overcurrent and overvoltage protection device including a self-recovery fuse PTC and a transient suppression diode TVS.
  • the self-recovering fuse PTC and the TVS TVS are closely attached and packaged in a certain way.
  • the heat generated by the TVS during overvoltage protection can transfer heat to the PTC well.
  • the resistance of the PTC increases rapidly, thereby avoiding the thermal breakdown of the TVS due to excessive temperature, which greatly improves the reliability of the TVS device.
  • the conventional PTC protection speed is slow, and the defect is not protected at low temperature.
  • connection material of the self-recovery fuse and the transient suppression diode thermally coupled connection may include, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: an electrically and thermally conductive metal, an insulating and thermally conductive film, an insulating thermal conductive paste, a solder paste, and the like.
  • the overcurrent and overvoltage protection device may be in the form of a pin or a patch, and the shape may be formed by adding an outer casing or an encapsulating coating.
  • the self-recovery fuse and the transient suppression diode can be combined into one body by a thermal coupling material
  • the thermal coupling material can be, but is not limited to, the following combinations: an electrically conductive and thermally conductive metal, an insulating and thermally conductive film, an insulating thermal conductive adhesive, and a solder paste. Circuits composed of multiple TVS devices can also be further reduced in size by stacking TVS chips.
  • the TVS When the line voltage is lower than the TVS rated reverse turn-off voltage, the TVS is in the reverse-off state, and the current flowing through the TVS is less than or equal to its Maximum Reverse Leakage Current (IR), which is nearly open, and thus not It will affect the normal operation of the device or electrical equipment. At this time, the heat generated by the current flowing through the PTC on the line is small, and the crystal structure is not changed, and the PTC is in a low resistance state.
  • VBR Peak Down Voltage
  • the heat is passed and the heat is quickly transferred to the PTC.
  • the heat generated by the large current flowing from the PTC and the thermal energy coupled by the TVS melt the PTC polymer resin, rapidly increase in volume, form a high-resistance state, and rapidly reduce the operating current, thereby limiting and protecting the circuit.
  • the self-recovering fuse re-cools the crystal, the volume shrinks, the conductive particles re-form the conductive path, the PTC returns to the low-resistance state, and the TVS returns to the high-resistance state, thereby completing the protection of the circuit without manual replacement.
  • the above technical solution can solve the problem of poor reliability of the overcurrent and overvoltage protection device, improve the reliability of the TVS device, and also solve the defects that the PTC protection speed is slow and the protection is not under the low temperature environment temperature.

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Abstract

一种过流过压保护器件及方法，该器件包括：瞬态抑制二极管TVS和自恢复保险丝PTC，TVS与PTC热耦合连接，解决了过流过压保护器件可靠性差的问题。

Description

过流过压保护器件及方法 技术领域
本文涉及但不限于电路保护元器件技术领域，涉及一种过流过压保护器件及方法。
背景技术
瞬态抑制二极管(Transient Voltage Suppressor，简称为TVS)是电子线路中常用的过压保护器件，它具有极快的响应时间(亚纳秒级)和相当高的浪涌吸收能力。当它的两端经受瞬间的高能量冲击时，TVS能以极高的速度把两端间的阻抗值由高阻抗变为低阻抗，以吸收一个瞬间大电流，从而把它的两端电压钳制在一个预定的数值上，保护后面的电路元件不受瞬态高压尖峰脉冲的冲击。自恢复保险丝(Positive Temperature Coefficient,正温度系数热敏电阻器件，简称为PTC)是一种过流电子保护元件，是由经过特殊处理的聚合树脂(Polymer)及分布在里面的导电粒子(Carbon Black)组成。在正常操作下聚合树脂紧密地将导电粒子束缚在结晶状的结构外，构成链状导电通路，此时的自恢复保险丝为低阻状态，线路上流经自恢复保险丝的电流所产生的热能小，不会改变晶体结构。当线路发生短路或过载时，流经自恢复保险丝的大电流产生的热量使聚合树脂融化，体积迅速增长，形成高阻状态，工作电流迅速减小，从而对电路进行限制和保护。当故障排除后，自恢复保险丝重新冷却结晶，体积收缩，导电粒子重新形成导电通路，自恢复保险丝恢复为低阻状态，从而完成对电路的保护，无须人工更换。
相关技术中的过流过压保护电路，PTC和TVS作为两个独立的器件应用于保护电路中，由于TVS需要钳制在一个预定数值电压的场合，TVS导通时功耗较大，自身温度迅速升高，TVS吸收的能量是有限的，往往由于PTC还未快速反应，而此时TVS承受的功耗已超过额定稳态功耗导致TVS温度过高而热击穿失效。导致对过流过压的保护可靠性低，电路易被损坏。
针对相关技术中存在的上述问题，目前尚未发现有效的解决方案。
发明内容
以下是对本文详细描述的主题的概述。本概述并非是为了限制权利要求的保护范围。
本发明实施例提供了一种过流过压保护器件及方法，解决了相关技术中过流过压保护器件可靠性差的问题。
本发明实施例提供了一种过流过压保护器件，包括：瞬态抑制二极管TVS和自恢复保险丝PTC，其中，所述TVS与所述PTC热耦合连接；所述TVS的个数为一个或多个，所述PTC的个数为一个或多个。
可选的，所述TVS包括单向TVS和/或双向TVS。
可选的，所述TVS与所述PTC热耦合连接的连接材料包括以下至少之一：导电导热金属、绝缘导热膜、绝缘导热胶、锡膏。
可选的，所述TVS与所述PTC封装为一体。
可选的，所述器件通过设置在所述器件外部的插脚或贴片与外部电路进行连接。
可选的，所述器件的表面设置外壳或包封涂料层。
本发明实施例还提供了一种过流过压保护方法，应用前述任一所述的过流过压保护器件，包括：当负载出现异常过流时，自恢复保险丝PTC将输出电流限制在预设电流范围内；和/或，当输入电压出现过电压时，瞬态抑制二极管TVS将所述输出电压嵌位在预设电压范围内，并通过所述TVS产生的热能使得PTC进行过流保护。
本发明实施例的技术方案包括瞬态抑制二极管TVS和自恢复保险丝PTC，其中，所述TVS与所述PTC热耦合连接。通过上述技术方案可以将TVS产生的热量传递给PTC，PTC通过自身特性形成高阻状态，起到保护电路的作用，可以解决相关技术中过流过压保护器件可靠性差的问题，并提高了TVS器件的可靠性，同时解决了PTC保护速度慢，以及在低温环境温度下不保护的缺陷。在阅读并理解了附图和详细描述后，可以明白其它方面。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部 分，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：
图1是本发明实施例一的过流过压保护器件的结构框图；
图2是本发明实施例一的器件贴片示意图一；
图3是本发明实施例一的器件贴片示意图二；
图4是本发明实施例一的器件插脚示意图；
图5是本发明实施一例的保护电路结构示意图一；
图6是本发明实施例一的保护电路结构示意图二；
图7是本发明实施例一的保护电路结构示意图三；
图8是本发明实施例一的保护电路结构示意图四；
图9是本发明实施例一的保护电路结构示意图五。
具体实施方式
下文中将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本申请。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
实施例一
在本实施例提供了一种过流过压保护器件，图1是根据本发明实施例的过流过压保护器件的结构框图，如图1所示，该器件包括：瞬态抑制二极管TVS10和自恢复保险丝PTC12，其中，TVS与TVS热耦合连接。
当受保护的线路电压低于TVS额定反向关断电压时，TVS处于反向关断状态，流过TVS的电流小于或等于其最大反向漏电流ID，近乎开路，因而不会影响器件或电器设备的正常工作，此时线路上流经PTC的电流所产生的热能小，不会改变晶体结构，PTC处于低阻状态。
而当电压瞬间高于TVS击穿电压VBR时，TVS阻值迅速下降，导通大电流，将电压钳制在被保护器件或电器设备能承受的电压范围内，TVS导通并发热，热量可以传递给PTC,使PTC聚合树脂融化，体积迅速增长，形成高阻状态，工作电流减小，从而对电路进行限制和保护。当故障排除后，自 恢复保险丝重新冷却结晶，体积收缩，导电粒子重新形成导电通路，PTC恢复为低阻状态，TVS恢复为高阻状态，从而完成对电路的保护，无须人工更换。
本实施例包括瞬态抑制二极管TVS和自恢复保险丝PTC，其中，TVS与PTC热耦合连接。通过上述技术方案可以将TVS产生的热量传递给PTC，PTC通过自身特性形成高阻状态，起到保护电路的作用。可以解决相关技术中过流过压保护器件可靠性差的问题，并提高了TVS器件的可靠性，同时解决了PTC保护速度慢，以及在低温环境温度下不保护的缺陷。
可选的，器件通过设置在器件外部的插脚或贴片与外部电路进行连接。图2是本发明实施例的器件贴片示意图，图3是本发明实施例的器件贴片示意图二，图4是本发明实施例的器件插脚示意图,如图4所示，插脚从器件内部延伸出。
可选的，器件的表面设置外壳或包封涂料层。
本实施例的过流过压保护器件可以对不同的电路进行保护，设置在不同的应用场景中，而在不同的应用场景中，PTC和TVS的个数和类型可能不同。
可选的，器件由一个或多个PTC和一个单向TVS组成。亦或，器件由一个或多个PTC和一个或多个双向TVS组成。下面进行具体说明：
图5是根据本发明实施例的保护电路结构示意图一，如图5所示，由一个PTC和一个单向TVS组成，应用于直流电压的场合。
图6是根据本发明实施例的保护电路结构示意图二，如图6所示，由一个PTC和一个双向TVS组成，应用于交流电压的场合。
图7是根据本发明实施例的保护电路结构示意图三，如图7所示，由两个PTC和一个双向TVS组成，应用于平衡电路的场合，可以抑制瞬态差模干扰。
图8是根据本发明实施例的保护电路结构示意图四，如图8所示，由两个PTC和两个双向TVS组成，应用于平衡电路的场合，可以同时抑制瞬态差模和共模干扰。
图9是根据本发明实施例的保护电路结构示意图五，如图9所示，由两 个PTC和三个双向TVS组成，应用于平衡电路的场合，可以同时抑制瞬态差模和共模干扰，差模干扰的击穿电压由并接在线路上的单个双向TVS确定。
在此需要说明的是，本实施例的过流过压保护器件还可以是其他的电路结构，可以进行任意的变化和组合，如将一个或多个PTC和一个单向TVS进行串联设置。
实施例二
本实施例提供了一种过流过压保护方法，通过利用上述实施例中任一过流过压保护器件，从而实现过流过压保护，包括：当负载出现异常过流时，PTC将输出电流限制在预设电流范围内；和/或，当输入电压出现过电压时，TVS将所述输出电压嵌位在预设电压范围内，并通过所述TVS产生的热能使得所述PTC进行过流保护，以避免所述TVS的损坏。可选的，在其它实施例中，当负载出现异常过流时，还可以是PTC和TVS将输出电流限制在预设电流范围内。
当负载出现异常过流时，PTC能按常规动作，将输出电流限制在很小的一个数值内；当输入出现过电压时，内部TVS能将输出嵌位在一特定的电压，并通过TVS产生的热能，使得PTC在此异常情况下也会快速进行过流保护，避免TVS的损坏。
实施例三
本实施例提供了一种过流过压保护器件，包括自恢复保险丝PTC和瞬态抑制二极管TVS。自恢复保险丝PTC和瞬态抑制二极管TVS以一定的方式紧贴并封装成一体，TVS在过压保护时产生的热量，能很好地将热量传递给PTC。PTC因温度升高，其阻值迅速增大，从而避免TVS因温度过高而热击穿，大大地提高了TVS器件的可靠性。同时解决了常规PTC保护速度慢，以及在低温环境温度下不保护的缺陷。
自恢复保险丝和瞬态抑制二极管热耦合连接的连接材料可以包括但不限于以下至少之一：导电导热金属、绝缘导热膜、绝缘导热胶和锡膏等。
过流过压保护器件的外形可以是插脚或贴片两种形式，外形可以由增加外壳或包封涂料涂覆形成。
本实施例中，自恢复保险丝和瞬态抑制二极管通过热耦合材料可以组合成一体，热耦合材料可以但不限于以下几种组合：导电导热金属、绝缘导热膜、绝缘导热胶和锡膏等。对于器件由多个TVS组成的电路也可以通过TVS芯片堆叠的方式进一步缩小体积。
当线路电压低于TVS额定反向关断电压时，TVS处于反向关断状态，流过TVS的电流小于或等于其最大反向漏电流(Maximum Reverse Leakage current，IR)，近乎开路，因而不会影响器件或电器设备的正常工作，此时线路上流经PTC的电流所产生的热能小，不会改变晶体结构，PTC处于低阻状态。当电压瞬间高于TVS击穿电压VBR(Breakdown Voltage，击穿电压)时，TVS阻值迅速下降，导通大电流，将电压钳制在被保护器件或电器设备能承受的电压范围内，TVS导通并发热，热量迅速传递给PTC。流经自PTC的大电流产生的热量和由TVS耦合过来的热能，使PTC聚合树脂融化，体积迅速增长，形成高阻状态，工作电流迅速减小，从而对电路进行限制和保护。当故障排除后，自恢复保险丝重新冷却结晶，体积收缩，导电粒子重新形成导电通路，PTC恢复为低阻状态，TVS恢复为高阻状态，从而完成对电路的保护，无须人工更换。
以上所述仅为本申请的可选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
工业实用性
上述技术方案可以解决过流过压保护器件可靠性差的问题，提高了TVS器件的可靠性，同时还解决了PTC保护速度慢，以及在低温环境温度下不保护的缺陷。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种过流过压保护器件，包括：
    瞬态抑制二极管TVS和自恢复保险丝PTC，其中，所述TVS与所述PTC热耦合连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的器件，其中：所述TVS包括单向TVS和/或双向TVS；所述TVS的个数为一个或多个，所述PTC的个数为一个或多个。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的器件，其中：所述TVS与所述PTC热耦合连接的连接材料包括以下至少之一：导电导热金属、绝缘导热膜、绝缘导热胶、锡膏。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的器件，其中：所述TVS与所述PTC封装为一体。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的器件，其中：所述器件通过设置在所述器件外部的插脚或贴片与外部电路进行连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的器件，其中：所述器件的表面设置外壳或包封涂料层。
  7. 一种过流过压保护方法，应用于权利要求1至6任一所述的过流过压保护器件，包括：
    当负载出现过流时，自恢复保险丝PTC将输出电流限制在预设电流范围内；和/或，
    当输入电压出现过电压时，瞬态抑制二极管TVS将所述输出电压嵌位在预设电压范围内，并通过所述TVS产生的热能使得PTC进行过流保护。
PCT/CN2017/072821 2016-04-28 2017-02-03 过流过压保护器件及方法 WO2017185847A1 (zh)

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