Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
  • C08K3/013—Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
  • C08J3/20—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
  • C08J3/203—Solid polymers with solid and/or liquid additives
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
  • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29B7/88—Adding charges, i.e. additives
  • B29B7/90—Fillers or reinforcements, e.g. fibres
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B9/00—Making granules
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B9/00—Making granules
  • B29B9/12—Making granules characterised by structure or composition
  • B29B9/14—Making granules characterised by structure or composition fibre-reinforced
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
  • C08J3/12—Powdering or granulating
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
  • C08J3/20—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
  • C08J3/201—Pre-melted polymers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/02—Elements
  • C08K3/04—Carbon
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
  • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
  • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
  • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
  • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
  • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
  • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29B7/82—Heating or cooling
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
  • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29B7/84—Venting or degassing ; Removing liquids, e.g. by evaporating components
  • B29B7/845—Venting, degassing or removing evaporated components in devices with rotary stirrers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B9/00—Making granules
  • B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
  • B29B9/06—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
  • B29B9/065—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion under-water, e.g. underwater pelletizers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
  • C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
  • C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
  • C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
  • C08J2323/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2369/00—Characterised by the use of polycarbonates; Derivatives of polycarbonates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
  • C08K2201/002—Physical properties
  • C08K2201/005—Additives being defined by their particle size in general

Definitions

• Present invention relates to the field of materials industry, more specifically to a polymeric composite material with mineral filler.
• CN1110773 discloses pipe made of plasticized fly ash, which contains fly ash with a granule size greater than 200-300 mesh, which has been mixed together with used polyethylene or polyvinylchioride at temperatures 160-180 °C.
• Coal fly ash is a solid powder material which separates during the combustion of coal and is caught using various filters. Coal fly ash particles size ranges from 0.5 to 100 pm.
• the disadvantage of coal fly ash is that it contains toxic substances such as arsenic, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, selenium, strontium and the like.
• one of the disadvantages of coai fly ash is its dark colour, which does not allow producing light-coloured products from a composite containing the coal fly ash.
• the prior document EE05625B1 by the author of this patent application relates to the PVC composite material containing burnt oil shale ash and products made from this material.
• the document has shown that the use of burnt oil shale ash in the composite polymers is advantageous. Said document protects the PVC composite material that contains burnt oil shale ash, whereas burnt oil shale ash forms 0.5- 60% of the composition of the composite material.
• EE05628B1 is related to the polymeric composite material with mineral filler that can be used for producing films, pipes and other products.
• Composite contains a homogenous mixture of mineral additives and thermoplastic polymers in which mainly industrial waste is used as mineral filler, including burnt oil shale fly ash.
• the composite contains 30 to 98 percent by weight of thermoplastic polymeric materials and burnt oil shale fly ash or cement clinker dust or limestone mud or mixture thereof from 2 to 70 percent by weight.
• Said document describes mixing the mineral filler with polymeric material before dispensing into extruder.
• concentration of mineral filler in a material mixed in this manner is less than 70%, as it is not possible to achieve higher concentration in the extruder with single stirring. With this high concentration in single stirring the mineral material (fly ash) forms separate entities, which interfere mixing and materia! progress in the extruder. Extruder jams or big counter forces may lead to the extruder breakdown.
• the process lacks degassing, multiple dosing, and a short screw is used.
• the object of this invention is to expand the applications and convenience of use of burnt oil shale fly ash.
• the object is to provide a composite, containing 70 to 90 percent by weight of burnt oil shale fly ash.
• the provided composite is designed to be added to the polymeric material in order to alter its properties, creating reinforcement in the product and/or to lower the price of the final product when used as a filler.
• the ash In the form of the ash the ash cannot be used in the industry, all due to various requirements. Also, specific mixing extruders are required to obtain the composite of sufficient homogeneity, which the manufacturing industry generally does not have.
• burnt oil shale fly ash the filter ash is used, with fractions of particle size from 1 to 100 Mm. Burnt oil shale fly ash is added to 0 to 30 percent by weight of polymer (PO) (polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), etc.) granules. Materials are dosed into the extruder where the mixing and melting process begins. For better mixture the gases are separated. After that additional dosing through side feeders takes place. Mixing process together with the heating is repeated. During heating the EE2017/000002
• Degassing is either natural or vacuum degassing. Degassing can increase the concentration as well as the productivity. By removing gas molecules, which are present in the granule as bubbles, these gas bubbles are replaced by ash particles, which increases the ash concentration in the product.
• Figure 1 shows a schematic view of mixing the burnt oil shafe fly ash and polymers, whereas polymer(s) and burnt oil shale fly ash (zone 1) are dosed into the already operational extruder (temperature range from 120 to 400 °C, preferably 230 °C).
• the two mixing augers (diameter 40 mm, L/D 48) rotating in the same direction, melting and mixing of the polymer with the fly ash takes place (zone 2 and 3).
• zone 4 additional dosing of fly ash through the side feeder takes place. It is essential in the mixing process that the entire volume of the mixture would mix as evenly as possible to become homogenous, so that the contact surface between the ash and the polymer particles in the composite mass would be as big as possible. By degassing the volume is cleared from excess gas molecules, which would otherwise remain in the resulting composite mass. Separated gas molecules provide room for the additional quantity of ash particles whereby the concentration of ash in the composite can be increased.
• Degassing takes place either naturally by free release of gases or by vacuum.
• zone 5 dispersion of fly ash with previously mixed mass takes place. Since the air also enters the mixing cylinder through the side feeder, the opening in the cylinder of zone 6 is used for its free release.
• zone 11 In order to separate gases as much as possible vacuum degassing (zone 11) is used, which by decompression sucks even more gases from the molten mass, allowing the resulting composite material to better homogenise (zone 12).
• Finished pellets are used as additives in the polymer industry where they are added to the PO granules to give strength, provide reinforcement and/or act as a filler to reduce the price of the finished product.
• the length of mixing augers and the cylinder must be a least 40-60 IJD, whereas L D is the diameter and length ratio of the screw.
• Pressure can be adjusted by altering the concentration of the fly ash and/or by adjusting the speed of screws (the speed of screws at full output is 350 rpm),

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Cited By (3)

Citations (7)

• 2016
  • 2016-04-22 EE EEP201600010A patent/EE05806B1/et unknown
• 2017
  • 2017-04-19 WO PCT/EE2017/000002 patent/WO2017182043A1/en active Application Filing

Patent Citations (8)

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