WO2017181734A1 - 一种大米预处理装置和方法 - Google Patents

一种大米预处理装置和方法 Download PDF

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WO2017181734A1
WO2017181734A1 PCT/CN2017/000245 CN2017000245W WO2017181734A1 WO 2017181734 A1 WO2017181734 A1 WO 2017181734A1 CN 2017000245 W CN2017000245 W CN 2017000245W WO 2017181734 A1 WO2017181734 A1 WO 2017181734A1
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rice
mercury
valve
lead
ultrasonic
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PCT/CN2017/000245
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陈白杨
卜毅男
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哈尔滨工业大学深圳研究生院
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Publication of WO2017181734A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017181734A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J36/00—Parts, details or accessories of cooking-vessels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J43/00—Implements for preparing or holding food, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A47J43/24—Devices for washing vegetables or the like

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  • the invention relates to a rice pretreatment device and a method, in particular to a rice pretreatment device and a method with the functions of reducing lead and mercury content, and the invention reduces the rice by controlling the process of rice washing without adding any chemical substance.
  • the content of lead and mercury is not limited to lead and mercury.
  • the experimental field area is 50 mu.
  • the experimental field area is 50 mu.
  • local farmers will carry out field cultivation of 50 different rice varieties, such as breeding, transplanting, fertilizing, irrigation, etc.
  • the irrigation water quality standards of farmland among the contents of lead, cadmium, chromium, arsenic and copper in the field of heavy metals in paddy soil, only the cadmium content exceeds the environmental quality evaluation standard of edible agricultural products.
  • the results show that the cadmium and lead contents of 50 rice varieties exceed the rice pollution.
  • the limit of the standard [1] The limit of the standard [1] .
  • the present invention provides a home condition that can be achieved quickly, efficiently and without adding any extras.
  • a chemical pretreatment apparatus and method for reducing lead and mercury content in rice Specifically, the state of presence of lead and mercury in rice can be classified into organic matter and inorganic matter. In the ultrasonic washing process, lead, mercury and some organic substances containing lead and mercury in the rice will gradually ooze out, thereby reducing the lead and mercury content in the rice.
  • the ultrasonic generator is introduced, and the ultrasonic wave generated by the ultrasonic generator during the immersion process uses the physical effects such as cavitation and sound flow when the ultrasonic wave propagates in the water, and the rice and the water exert a vigorous action to produce a washing effect.
  • the rice pretreatment device is provided with an inlet pipe 1, a valve 2, a valve 3, a valve 4, an ultrasonic generator 5, a drain pipe 6, a control panel 7, a central processing unit 8, an ultrasonic generator 9, and a rice cooker connecting pipe. 10.
  • the container 11 can automatically complete the ultrasonic washing function of the rice by setting the operation requirements by the user, and the effect of reducing the lead and mercury content in the rice can be achieved through these steps.
  • the inlet pipe 1 provides fresh water to the device
  • the valve 2 controls the communication and closing of the inlet pipe 1;
  • the valve 3 controls the communication and closing with the rice cooker connecting pipe 10;
  • the valve 4 controls the communication and closing of the drain pipe 6;
  • the central processing unit 8 performs the function of controlling the operation of the entire cooking device and storing the predetermined program
  • the control panel 7 provides a human-computer interaction interface, and the user can freely select desired functions, such as setting ultrasonic washing time, adding water volume, ultrasonic power, and the like;
  • the ultrasonic generator 5 and the ultrasonic generator 9 are used to generate ultrasonic waves required for the ultrasonic washing process.
  • the ultrasonic generator 5 selects a high temperature resistant piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic transducer.
  • the rice pretreatment method is to gradually dissolve the lead, mercury and some organic substances containing lead and mercury in the rice by ultrasonic washing, thereby achieving the effect of reducing the content of lead and mercury in the rice.
  • the ultrasonic washing process is specifically performed by adding a certain amount of rice to the container 11, and setting ultrasonic washing parameters such as time, water amount, power and the like in the control panel 7, and adding a certain amount in the container 11.
  • the volume ratio of adding rice and water may be 1:6 to 1:10, because the larger the amount of water, the greater the difference in concentration of lead and mercury in rice and water, and the promotion of lead. , dissolution of mercury;
  • water can be selected for 1-30 minutes during the ultrasonic washing time
  • this step may be repeated to enhance the removal effect of lead and mercury;
  • the rice can be washed with water to enhance the removal effect of lead and mercury;
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are that the rice obtained by the pretreatment apparatus and method using the above steps can remove 55%-86% of the lead content and 39%-89% of the mercury content. No chemicals were added for all procedures.
  • the content of lead and mercury in the rice is measured according to GB_500912-2010_Food Safety National Standard Method for Determination of Lead in Food, GB 5009.17-2014 National Food Safety Standard Method for Determination of Total Mercury and Organic Mercury in Foods.
  • Figure 1 is a rice pretreatment flow chart of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the rice pretreatment apparatus of the present invention
  • the rice pretreatment apparatus of the present invention comprises an inlet pipe 1, a valve 2, a valve 3, a valve 4, an ultrasonic generator 5, a drain pipe 6, a control panel 7, a central processing unit 8, an ultrasonic generator 9, and a rice cooker connection.
  • the water inlet pipe 1, the drain pipe 6, and the rice cooker connecting pipe 10 are respectively connected to the container 11;
  • the valve 3 and the valve 4 are located inside the container 11.
  • the valve 3 is an electrically controlled opening and closing switch for controlling the communication and closing of the pipe into the rice cooker
  • the valve 4 is an electrically controlled opening and closing switch for draining.
  • the communication and closing of the tube 6 in particular, the valve 4 needs to be installed at the inlet of the container 11 side to prevent the rice in the container 11 from being discharged with water;
  • the valve 2 is mounted on the water inlet pipe 1 for controlling the communication and disconnection of the inlet pipe 1 to provide a water source for the container 11;
  • the ultrasonic generator 5 and the ultrasonic generator 9 are closely adhered to the outside of the container wall of the container 11 by the special glue for the ultrasonic transducer;
  • the control panel 7 is connected to the central control unit;
  • the inlet pipe 1, the valve 2, the valve 3, the valve 4, the ultrasonic generator 5, the drain pipe 6, the control panel 7, the ultrasonic generator 9, the same rice cooker connecting pipe 10, and the container 11 are respectively connected to the central processing unit 8. ;
  • a certain amount of rice is added to the container 11, and ultrasonic washing parameters such as time, amount of water, power, and the like are set in the control panel 7.
  • the valve 2 is opened, the clean water is added from the inlet pipe 1 to the container 11, and after the predetermined amount of water is reached, the valve 2 is closed; the ultrasonic generator 5, the ultrasonic generator 9 is started to work, and the ultrasonic washing is started; the predetermined ultrasonic wave is reached; After the washing time, the ultrasonic generator 5 and the ultrasonic generator 9 stop working; the valve 4 is opened, the water in the container 11 is discharged through the drain pipe 6, after 10 seconds, the valve 4 is closed; the valve 3 is opened, the valve 2 is opened, and the water inlet pipe 1 is opened. A small amount of water is introduced into the vessel 11, and the rice is flushed into the rice cooker through the rice cooker connection pipe 10, and the valve 2 and the valve 3 are closed to complete the pretreatment process.
  • the rice pretreatment apparatus of the present invention comprises an inlet pipe 1, a valve 2, a valve 3, a valve 4, an ultrasonic generator 5, a drain pipe 6, a control panel 7, a central processing unit 8, an ultrasonic generator 9, and a rice cooker connection.
  • the water inlet pipe 1, the drain pipe 6, and the electric rice cooker connecting pipe 10 are made of high temperature resistant PE pipes, respectively connected to the container 11;
  • the valve 3 and the valve 4 are located inside the container 11 and adopt a solenoid valve.
  • the valve 3 adopts a high temperature resistant solenoid valve with a common diameter of 40 mm
  • the valve 4 adopts a solenoid valve with a universal diameter of 20 mm
  • the valve 4 is at the inlet of the container 11 side.
  • the valve 2 is mounted on the inlet pipe 1 and is a solenoid valve
  • the ultrasonic generator 5 and the ultrasonic generator 9 adopt a piezoelectric ceramic cleaning ultrasonic transducer, and are closely adhered to the outer side of the container wall of the container 11 by a special glue for the ultrasonic transducer;
  • the control panel 7 is connected to the central processing unit 8;
  • the central processing unit 8 uses a single chip to complete the function
  • the inlet pipe 1, the valve 2, the valve 3, the valve 4, the ultrasonic generator 5, the drain pipe 6, the control panel 7, the ultrasonic generator 9, the same rice cooker connecting pipe 10, and the container 11 are respectively connected to the central processing unit 8. ;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cereal-Derived Products (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)

Abstract

一种大米预处理装置及方法，具体为带有具有降低铅、汞含量功能的大米预处理装置及方法。为了克服现有大米中铅、汞去除或降低方法的操作复杂、添加化学药剂及对大米外观产生影响等不足，提供了一种家庭条件下可以实现的、快速、有效并且不添加任何额外化学成分的，降低大米中铅、汞含量的大米预处理装置及方法。大米预处理装置设有进水管（1）、阀门（2）、阀门（3）、阀门（4）、超声发生器（5）、排水管（6）、控制面板（7）、中央处理单元（8）、超声发生器（9）、同电饭锅连接管道（10）、容器（11），通过用户自主设定操作要求，可以自动的完成大米的超声洗涤功能，通过这些步骤达到降低大米中铅、汞含量的效果。采用上述步骤的预处理装置和方法得到的大米，铅的含量可以去除55％-86％，汞的含量可以去除39％-89％。所有操作步骤不添加任何化学制剂。

Description

一种大米预处理装置和方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种大米预处理装置及方法，具体为带有具有降低铅、汞含量功能的大米预处理装置及方法，本发明通过控制大米洗涤的过程，不额外添加任何化学物质，来降低大米中铅、汞的含量。
背景技术
随着经济和技术的发展，人类改造自然和利用自然的幅度越来越强了，向自然排放的各类污染物也越来越多。如工业“三废”的排放、城市生活污水、农业耕种过程中的化肥和农药不合理使用等可使农田土壤环境日益恶化，进入农田土壤的铅、汞经过溶解、沉淀、凝聚、络合、吸附等各种反应，形成了不同形态的铅、汞，表现出不同的活性和生物毒性并通过稻谷、蔬菜等作物的吸收和累积而直接进入食物链，威胁人类的健康和生命安全。
铅、汞可引发人类癌症，且已被国际癌症研究机构(IARC)列为人类II类致癌物。
在某水稻种植示范基地，实验田面积为50亩，由当地农户在专业技术人员的指导下，对50种不同水稻稻种进行育秧、插秧、施肥、灌溉等田间耕作，实验基地灌溉水质检测值符合农田灌溉水质标准；稻田土壤重金属本底值铅、镉、铬、砷、铜的含量中，仅镉含量超出食用农产品产地环境质量评价标准，结果表明50种稻米镉、铅含量均超出稻米污染物限量标准[1]。
Cheng Fangmin等(2006)年对我国华南地区粳稻镉和铅污染进行调研，他们对269个采样点的粳稻进行调查，对3个不同生态系统的12个品种的粳稻进行田间种植试验，结果发现，精米中的镉含量在0.01-0.34mg/kg之间，算术平均值为0.081mg/kg，铅含量在0.01-1.136mg/kg之间，算术平均值为0.1135mg/kg。Qian Yongzhong等2005-2008年间对中国市场销售大米铅、汞污染调查，发现大米铅、汞平均含量：镉为0.05mg/kg、铅为0.062mg/kg、汞为0.0058mg/kg、As为0.119mg/kg。
GB2762-2012食品安全国家标准--食品中污染物限量中规定，大米中的铅限量为小于0.2mg/kg，大米中的汞的限量为小于0.02mg/kg。日常大米中，是无法杜绝铅、汞等重金属的，国家规定小于这个限量标准就是台格。但是由于铅、汞在人体内无法有效排出，会发生富集作用。也就是说，虽然限量值很低，但生活中每天都要摄入大米，人体内铅、汞含量也就会越多，对人体健康存在很大的隐患。因此，寻找合适的方式降低大米中铅、汞含量，对人们的健康显得尤为重要。
目前，研究较多的是如何降低农田灌溉用水的铅、汞含量、如何对受污染农田进行修复、降低铝、汞的作物利用活性、培育低铅、汞富集谷物品种等来控制谷物重金属污染，但目前尚禾大规模推广应用。
有一些研究通过用添加化学制剂或酶的水，通过洗涤等方法降低大米及谷物中的铅、汞含量，如CN201310502447.4，一种消减谷物重金属的方法；CN201310676269.7一种降低大米及其制品重金属含量的方法等。但为去除或降低铅、汞含量，添加化学制剂或酶，安全性尚无可靠评估，并且按照这种方法对大米的性状产生了一定影响，不利于销售。
发明内容
为了克服现有大米中铅、汞去除或降低方法的操作复杂、添加化学药剂及对大米外观产生影响等不足，本发明提供了一种家庭条件下可以实现的、快速、有效并且不添加任何额外化学成分的，降低大米中铅、汞含量的大米预处理装置及方法。具体地，大米中铅、汞的存在状态可以分为有机物和无机物两类。超声洗涤过程中，大米中无机状态的铅、汞和部分含有铅、汞的有机物会逐渐渗出，从而达到降低大米中铅、汞含量的效果。引入超声发生器，在浸泡的过程中通过超声发生器产生的超声波，利用超声波在水中传播时的空化、声流等物理效应，大米和水发生剧烈作用，产生洗涤效果。
所述大米预处理装置设有进水管1、阀门2、阀门3、阀门4、超声发生器5、排水管6、控制面板7、中央处理单元8、超声发生器9、同电饭锅连接管道10、容器11，通过用户自主设定操作要求，可以自动的完成大米的超声洗涤功能，通过这些步骤达到降低大米中铅、汞含量的效果。
其中，所述进水管1为装置提供清水；
所述阀门2控制进水管1的连通和关闭；
所述阀门3控制同电饭锅连接管道10的连通和关闭；
所述阀门4控制排水管6的连通和关闭；
所述中央处理单元8完成控制整个烹饪装置运行和存储预定程序的功能；
所述控制面板7提供人机交互接口，用户可以自由的选择所需功能，如设定超声洗涤时间、加入水量、超声功率等；
所述超声发生器5、超声发生器9用来产生超声洗涤过程中需要的超声波。
优选地，所述超声发生器5选择耐高温压电陶瓷超声换能器。
所述大米预处理方法为通过超声洗涤，将大米中无机状态的铅、汞和部分含有铅、汞的有机物逐渐溶出，从而达到降低大米中铅、汞含量的效果。
具体地，所述超声洗涤过程具体操作方法为，在容器11中加入一定量的大米，并在控制面板7设定超声洗涤参数，如时间、水量、功率等参数，在容器11中，加入一定量的水；使超声发生器5、超声发生器9开始工作，开始超声洗涤；达预定的超声洗涤时间后，将容器11中水排出，完成预处理过程。
优选地，为加强铅、汞的去除效果，加入大米和水的体积比值可以为1∶6到1∶10，因为水量越大，大米和水中铅、汞的浓度差就越大，能促进铅、汞的溶出；
优选地，水在所述超声洗涤时间可以选择1-30分钟；
优选地，进行一次超声洗涤后，可以重复此步骤，增强铅、汞的去除效果；
优选地，进行一次超声洗涤后，可以用水冲洗大米，增强铅、汞的去除效果；
本发明的有益效果为，采用上述步骤的预处理装置和方法得到的大米，铅的含量可以去除55％-86％，汞的含量可以去除39％-89％。所有操作步骤不添加任何化学制剂。
所述大米中铅、汞的含量按照GB_500912-2010_食品安全国家标准食品中铅的测定方法，GB 5009.17-2014食品安全国家标准食品中总汞及有机汞的测定方法测量。
附图说明
图1本发明大米预处理流程图
图2本发明大米预处理装置的原理图
具体实施方式
本发明的最佳实施例参照附图进行如下描述。
本发明中的大米预处理装置包括进水管1、阀门2、阀门3、阀门4、超声发生器5、排水管6、控制面板7、中央处理单元8、超声发生器9、同电饭锅连接管道10、容器11。
所述进水管1、排水管6、同电饭锅连接管道10分别同容器11相连；
所述阀门3、阀门4位于容器11内部，阀门3为电控开闭的开关，用来控制米进入电饭锅的管道的连通与闭合，阀门4为电控开闭的开关，用来排水管6的连通与闭合，特别地，阀门4在容器11侧入口处需安装过滤网，防止容器11中大米随着水排出；
所述阀门2安装在进水管1上，用来控制进水管1的连通与断开，为容器11提供水源；
所述超声发生器5、超声发生器9通过超声换能器专用胶水紧密地粘在容器11的容器壁外侧；
所述控制面板7同中央控制单元相连；
所述进水管1、阀门2、阀门3、阀门4、超声发生器5、排水管6、控制面板7、超声发生器9、同电饭锅连接管道10、容器11分别同中央处理单元8相连；
具体的工作过程为：
在容器11中加入一定量的大米，并在控制面板7设定超声洗涤参数，如时间、水量、功率等。
开始超声洗涤步骤，阀门2开启，清水从进水管1加入到容器11中，达到预定水量后，阀门2关闭；使超声发生器5、超声发生器9开始工作，开始超声洗涤；达预定的超声洗涤时间后，超声发生器5、超声发生器9停止工作；阀门4开启，容器11中的水通过排水管6排出，10秒后，阀门4关闭；阀门3开启，阀门2开启，进水管1向容器11中通入少量的水，将米通过同电饭锅连接管道10冲入电饭锅中，阀门2、阀门3关闭，完成预处理过程。
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步说明：
实施例1：
具体实施方案及步骤
本发明中的大米预处理装置包括进水管1、阀门2、阀门3、阀门4、超声发生器5、排水管6、控制面板7、中央处理单元8、超声发生器9、同电饭锅连接管道10、容器11。
所述进水管1、排水管6、同电饭锅连接管道10，采用耐高温PE管，分别同容器11相连；
所述阀门3、阀门4位于容器11内部，采用电磁阀，其中阀门3采用通称公径40mm的耐高温电磁阀，阀门4采用通称公径20mm的电磁阀，在阀门4在容器11侧入口处安装304不锈钢过滤网，防止容器11中大米随着水排出；
所述阀门2安装在进水管1上，为电磁阀；
所述超声发生器5、超声发生器9，采用压电陶瓷式清洗用超声换能器，通过超声换能器专用胶水紧密地粘在容器11的容器壁外侧；
所述控制面板7同中央处理单元8相连；
所述中央处理单元8使用单片机来完成功能；
所述进水管1、阀门2、阀门3、阀门4、超声发生器5、排水管6、控制面板7、超声发生器9、同电饭锅连接管道10、容器11分别同中央处理单元8相连；
背景技术及参考文献
[1]谢文娟.50种稻米铅、汞富集现状研究[D].中南大学湘雅公共卫生学院.2014

Claims (7)

  1. 所述大米预处理装置，设有进水管1、阀门2、阀门3、阀门4、超声发生器5、排水管6、控制面板7、中央处理单元8、超声发生器9、同电饭锅连接管道10、容器11，通过用户自主设定操作要求，可以自动的完成大米的超声洗涤功能。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：超声洗涤过程中，大米中无机状态的铅、汞和部分含有铅、汞的有机物会逐渐渗出，从而达到降低米饭中铅、汞含量的效果。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：引入超声发生器，在浸泡的过程中通过超声发生器产生的超声波，利用超声波在水中传播时的空化、声流等物理效应，大米和水发生剧烈作用，产生洗涤效果。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：所述进水管1为装置提供清水；所述阀门2控制进水管1的连通和关闭；所述阀门3控制同电饭锅连接管道10的连通和关闭；所述阀门4控制排水管6的连通和关闭；所述中央处理单元8完成控制整个烹饪装置运行和存储预定程序的功能；所述控制面板7提供人机交互接口；所述超声发生器5、超声发生器9用来产生超声洗涤过程中需要的超声波。
  5. 一种大米预处理方法，其特征在于：
    通过超声洗涤，将大米中无机状态的铅、汞和部分含有铅、汞的有机物逐渐溶出，从而达到降低大米中铅、汞含量的效果。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于：在容器11中加入一定量的大米，并在控制面板7设定超声洗涤参数，在容器11中，加入一定量的水；使超声发生器5、超声发生器9开始工作，开始超声洗涤；达预定的超声洗涤时间后，将容器11中水排出，完成预处理过程。
  7. 根据权利要求1-7所述的装置和方法，其特征在于：采用上述预处理装置和方法加工得到的大米，铅的含量可以去除55％-86％，汞的含量可以去除39％-89％。所有操作步骤不添加任何化学制剂。
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