WO2017181327A1 - 信道接入方法、设备和系统 - Google Patents

信道接入方法、设备和系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017181327A1
WO2017181327A1 PCT/CN2016/079583 CN2016079583W WO2017181327A1 WO 2017181327 A1 WO2017181327 A1 WO 2017181327A1 CN 2016079583 W CN2016079583 W CN 2016079583W WO 2017181327 A1 WO2017181327 A1 WO 2017181327A1
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Prior art keywords
sta
group
packet
message
channel
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PCT/CN2016/079583
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李德建
刘培
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2016/079583 priority Critical patent/WO2017181327A1/zh
Priority to CN201680083540.8A priority patent/CN108886810B/zh
Publication of WO2017181327A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017181327A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/04—Scheduled access

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to communication technologies, and in particular, to a channel access method, device, and system.
  • VPAN Video Personal Area Network
  • BSS Basic Service Set
  • AP access point
  • Stations stations
  • AP access point
  • Stations stations
  • Outdoor wireless video surveillance After the STA collects the real-time video signal and forms video data through video coding, it can send the video data to the AP through the wireless channel.
  • the AP sends the received video data to the upper-layer user (video monitoring center) of the VPAN network through wireless or wired mode to form a user.
  • Video surveillance has clear requirements for the real-time nature of VPAN. It requires video images of surveillance sites to be sent to the video surveillance center as quickly as possible, so that users can quickly deal with emergencies through video surveillance.
  • the Service Period (SP) based on scheduling is an important means to ensure real-time transmission.
  • the AP periodically transmits the beacon frame and allocates the SP to the STA within the beacon interval period. Specifically, the AP may allocate the SP to a specific STA; or may use the SP source and destination association identifier (Association)
  • the Identifier (AID) is set to broadcast AID to allow all STAs in the BSS to dynamically apply for the SP to improve the real-time performance of the transmission; the AP can also reallocate the remaining time of the SP allocated to one STA to shorten some other channels. The delay of the STA entering the demand.
  • the AP dynamically allocates the SP, it needs to perform polling with the STA first, collect the communication requirements of the STA, and then dynamically allocate the SP.
  • the STA may send the data to the AP through the wireless channel according to the SP scheduled by the AP during the allocated channel access time.
  • VBR variable bit rate
  • the AP allocates the SP to the STA in the following two situations: In the first case, if the SP is too short, the STA needs to wait for the next transmission opportunity that can access the channel (Transmission Opportunity, Referred to as TXOP) (such as the SP or contention period of the broadcast AID), it will face the delay caused by waiting for the next TXOP and the delay caused by polling or competing access in order to access the channel in the next TXOP.
  • TXOP Transmission Opportunity
  • the real-time communication requirement cannot be met; secondly, if the SP is too long, the remaining time of the SP needs to be reallocated, so that all other STAs with communication requirements need to be monitored during the SP, thus increasing all other communication needs mentioned above.
  • the energy consumption of the STA In the first case, if the SP is too short, the STA needs to wait for the next transmission opportunity that can access the channel (Transmission Opportunity, Referred to as TXOP) (such as the SP or contention period of the broadcast AID), it will face the delay caused by waiting for
  • the present invention provides a channel access method, device, and system for improving the real-time performance of STA transmission while saving energy consumption of STAs.
  • the present invention provides a channel access method, including:
  • the access point AP acquires load rate change information of the STA of the first station
  • the AP sends a first message to each member STA in the STA group corresponding to the first STA according to the load rate change information, where the first message carries the allocation information of the packet service period SP allocated by the AP to the STA group corresponding to the first STA;
  • a message is used to indicate that each member STA in the STA group accesses the channel in the packet SP according to the allocation information, and each member STA in the STA group is adjacent to each other.
  • the AP sends a first message to each member STA in the STA group corresponding to the first STA according to the obtained load rate change information, and indicates that each member STA in the STA group is the first in the AP.
  • the STAs in the STA group corresponding to the STAs are allocated in the SPs, and the STAs in the STA group are geographically adjacent, so that when the monitoring screen of the first STA changes and the load rate changes, the AP does not need to accurately predict the first STA.
  • the real-time load size can directly allocate a longer packet SP to the STA group corresponding to the first STA, so that the first STA sends all the load data that has entered the cache in the packet SP in real time, and allocates the remaining time orientation to have
  • the other members of the potentially high-load STA group can save the monitoring energy consumption of other STAs outside the STA group because they need to monitor the broadcast SP while satisfying the real-time communication requirement of the first STA.
  • the STA group corresponding to the first STA is at least The AP sends the first message to each member STA in the STA group corresponding to the STA according to the load rate change information, which includes:
  • the AP sends a second message to each member STA in the first STA group corresponding to the first STA according to the load rate change information, where the second message carries the first packet SP allocated by the first STA group corresponding to the first STA.
  • the second message is used to indicate that each member STA in the first STA group accesses the channel in the first packet SP according to the allocation information corresponding to the first packet SP, and the first STA group is the STA group corresponding to the first STA.
  • a STA may be the first STA group to access the channel.
  • the AP sends the allocation information of the first packet SP to each member STA in the first STA group corresponding to the first STA, where the first STA group is the STA group corresponding to the first STA.
  • the first STA in the first STA can access the STA group of the access channel, and can ensure that the first STA with higher communication requirements accesses the channel as early as possible, which reduces the delay caused by the first STA competing for the access channel.
  • the method before the AP acquires the load rate change information of the STA, the method further includes:
  • the AP acquires the neighbor relationship of each STA, and sends a third message to each STA according to the neighbor relationship.
  • the third message carries the group information of the STA group corresponding to each STA.
  • the method further includes:
  • the AP sends a fourth message to the STAs other than the first STA in the first STA group according to the group information, where the fourth message is used to indicate that the STA that receives the fourth message remains active.
  • the AP after acquiring the load rate change information of the first STA, the AP sends a fourth message to other member STAs other than the first STA in the first STA group, indicating that other member STAs remain active. a state, the STAs adjacent to the first STA may start to try to access the channel after the first STA transmits the data and the first time after the respective moving objects are monitored, thereby reducing the STA's monitoring caused by the sleep. The delay that occurs when high-priority data to moving objects cannot be sent immediately.
  • the second message is further configured to: after the first STA transmits the data in the first packet SP, send the intra-group grant frame; the intra-group grant frame is used to indicate the first STA.
  • the other member STAs other than the first STA in the group access the channel for the remainder of the first packet SP.
  • the method further includes:
  • the AP sends a fifth message to each member STA in the second STA group corresponding to the second STA in the first STA group, and the fifth message carries the AP as the second STA group corresponding to the second STA.
  • the second STA group is the STA group of the first STA in which the second STA can be the first access channel in the STA group corresponding to the second STA.
  • the AP after receiving the sixth message sent by the first STA for the first time, the AP allocates the second STA group corresponding to the second STA in advance by using the estimated preset time.
  • the packet SP enables the second STA to access the channel as early as possible.
  • the AP acquires the load rate change information of the first STA, specifically:
  • the AP receives the sixth message sent by the first STA, and the sixth message is used by the AP to determine the load rate change information.
  • the group information includes: a group identifier, an STA identifier of each member STA in the STA group, and a channel access sequence of each member STA in the STA group.
  • the allocation information includes at least one of the following information: a group identifier, a start time of the packet SP, a duration of the packet SP, a packet SP type, and the packet SP type is used to indicate the STA Channel access mode of each member STA in the group.
  • the channel access manner includes: accessing the channel in a preset order or accessing the channel in a contention manner.
  • the present invention provides a channel access method, including:
  • the first station STA receives the first message sent by the access point AP, and the first message carries the allocation information of the packet service period SP allocated by the AP to the STA group corresponding to the first STA according to the load rate change information, and each member in the STA group The STA position is adjacent;
  • the first STA accesses the channel within the packet SP according to the allocation information.
  • the STA group corresponding to the first STA is at least one, and the first STA receives the first message of the packet service period SP sent by the AP, and specifically includes:
  • the first STA receives the second message sent by the AP, and the second message carries the allocation information of the first packet SP allocated by the AP to the first STA group corresponding to the first STA according to the load rate change information, where the first STA group is the first STA.
  • the first STA in the corresponding STA group may be the first STA group of the access channel.
  • the first STA receives the first one sent by the AP Before the allocation information of the SP is grouped, the method further includes:
  • the first STA receives the third message sent by the AP, where the third message carries the group information of the STA group corresponding to the first STA, and the group information is determined by the AP according to the acquired neighbor relationship of each STA.
  • the method further includes:
  • the first STA receives the fourth message sent by the AP, where the fourth message is used to indicate that the STA remains active, and the fourth message is that the AP allocates the packet SP to the STA group other than the first STA group in the STA group corresponding to the first STA. When sent.
  • the method further includes:
  • the intra-group grant frame is sent; the intra-group grant frame is used to indicate that other member STAs other than the first STA in the first STA group are in the remaining time of the first packet SP. Access channel.
  • the method further includes:
  • the first STA receives the fifth message sent by the AP, and the fifth message carries the allocation information of the second packet SP allocated by the second STA group corresponding to the second STA, and the fifth message is that the AP is the STA group corresponding to the first STA.
  • the STA group other than the first STA group is sent after the preset time.
  • the method before the first STA receives the allocation information of the packet SP sent by the AP, the method further includes:
  • the first STA sends a sixth message to the AP, where the sixth message is used by the AP to determine load rate change information.
  • the group information includes: a group identifier, an STA identifier of each member STA in the STA group, and a channel access sequence of each member STA in the STA group.
  • the allocation information includes at least one of the following information: a group identifier, a start time of the packet SP, a duration of the packet SP, a packet SP type, and the packet SP type is used to indicate the STA Channel access mode of each member STA in the group.
  • the channel access manner includes: accessing the channel in a preset order or accessing the channel in a contention manner.
  • the present invention provides an access point AP, including:
  • a processing module configured to acquire load rate change information of the STA at the first station
  • a sending module configured to send, according to the load rate change information, a first message to each member STA in the STA group corresponding to the first STA, where the first message carries the packet service period SP allocated by the AP to the STA group corresponding to the first STA Allocating information; the first message is used to indicate that each member STA in the STA group accesses the channel in the packet SP according to the allocation information, and each member STA in the STA group is adjacent to each other.
  • the STA group corresponding to the first STA is at least one, and the sending module is specifically configured to:
  • the second message is used to indicate that each member STA in the first STA group accesses the channel in the first packet SP according to the allocation information corresponding to the first packet SP, and the first STA group is the first in the STA group corresponding to the first STA.
  • the STA may be the first STA group to access the channel.
  • the processing module is further configured to:
  • the neighbor relationship of each STA is obtained, and the sending module sends a third message to each STA according to the neighbor relationship, and the third message carries the group information of the STA group corresponding to each STA.
  • the sending module is further configured to:
  • the fourth message is sent to the other STAs other than the first STA in the first STA group according to the packet information, where the fourth message is used to indicate that the STA receiving the fourth message remains. Active state.
  • the second message is further configured to: after the first STA transmits the data in the first packet SP, send the intra-group grant frame; the intra-group grant frame is used to indicate the first STA.
  • the other member STAs other than the first STA in the group access the channel for the remainder of the first packet SP.
  • the sending module is further configured to:
  • the fifth message is sent to each member STA in the second STA group corresponding to the second STA in the first STA group, where the fifth message carries the AP that is allocated by the second STA group corresponding to the second STA.
  • the second STA group is the STA group in which the second STA of the STA group corresponding to the second STA can be the first access channel.
  • the AP further includes:
  • the receiving module is configured to receive a sixth message sent by the first STA, where the sixth message is used by the processing module to determine load rate change information.
  • the group information includes: a group identifier, an STA identifier of each member STA in the STA group, and a channel access sequence of each member STA in the STA group.
  • the allocation information includes at least one of the following information: a group identifier, a start time of the packet SP, a duration of the packet SP, a packet SP type, and the packet SP type is used to indicate the STA Channel access mode of each member STA in the group.
  • the channel access manner includes: accessing the channel in a preset order or accessing the channel in a contention manner.
  • the present invention provides a station STA, including:
  • the receiving module is configured to receive the first message sent by the access point AP, where the first message carries the allocation information of the packet service period SP allocated by the AP according to the load rate change information of the STA to the STA group corresponding to the STA, and each of the STA groups Member STAs are adjacent to each other;
  • a processing module configured to access the channel in the packet SP according to the allocation information.
  • the STA group corresponding to the STA is at least one, and the receiving module is specifically configured to:
  • the STA may be the first STA group to access the channel.
  • the receiving module is further configured to:
  • the third message sent by the AP Before receiving the allocation information of the packet SP sent by the AP, the third message sent by the AP is received, where the third message carries the group information of the STA group corresponding to the STA, and the group information is determined by the AP according to the acquired neighbor relationship of each STA.
  • the receiving module is further configured to:
  • the STA further includes:
  • a sending module configured to send the intra-group grant frame after the data is transmitted in the packet SP, and the intra-group grant frame is used to indicate that other STAs other than the STA in the STA group access the channel during the remaining time of the packet SP.
  • the receiving module is further configured to:
  • the AP And receiving, by the AP, a fifth message, where the fifth message carries the allocation information of the second packet SP allocated by the AP to the second STA group corresponding to the second STA, where the fifth message is that the AP is in addition to the STA group in the STA corresponding STA group.
  • the other STA groups are assigned the packet SP, they are sent after the preset time.
  • the sending module is further configured to:
  • the receiving module Before receiving the second message sent by the AP, the receiving module sends a sixth message to the AP, where the sixth message is used by the AP to determine load rate change information.
  • the group information includes: a group identifier, an STA identifier of each member STA in the STA group, and a channel access sequence of each member STA in the STA group.
  • the allocation information includes at least one of the following information: a group identifier, a start time of the packet SP, a duration of the packet SP, a packet SP type, and the packet SP type is used to indicate the STA Channel access mode of each member STA in the group.
  • the channel access manner includes: accessing the channel in a preset order or accessing the channel in a contention manner.
  • the present invention provides an access point AP, including:
  • a processor configured to acquire load rate change information of the STA of the first station
  • a transmitter configured to send, according to the load rate change information, a first message to each member STA in the STA group corresponding to the first STA, where the first message carries the packet service period SP allocated by the AP to the STA group corresponding to the first STA. Allocating information; the first message is used to indicate that each member STA in the STA group accesses the channel in the packet SP according to the allocation information, and each member STA in the STA group is adjacent to each other.
  • the STA group corresponding to the first STA is at least One, the transmitter is specifically used to:
  • the second message is used to indicate that each member STA in the first STA group accesses the channel in the first packet SP according to the allocation information corresponding to the first packet SP, and the first STA group is the first in the STA group corresponding to the first STA.
  • the STA may be the first STA group to access the channel.
  • the processor is further configured to:
  • the neighbor relationship of each STA is obtained, and the third message is sent to each STA according to the neighbor relationship, and the third message carries the group information of the STA group corresponding to each STA.
  • the transmitter is further configured to:
  • the fourth message is sent to the other STAs except the first STA in the first STA group according to the packet information, where the fourth message is used to indicate that the STA that receives the fourth message remains. Active state.
  • the second message is further configured to: after the first STA transmits the data in the first packet SP, send the intra-group grant frame; the intra-group grant frame is used to indicate the first STA.
  • the other member STAs other than the first STA in the group access the channel for the remainder of the first packet SP.
  • the transmitter is further configured to:
  • the fifth message is sent to each member STA in the second STA group corresponding to the second STA in the first STA group, where the fifth message carries the AP that is allocated by the second STA group corresponding to the second STA.
  • the second STA group is the STA group in which the second STA of the STA group corresponding to the second STA can be the first access channel.
  • the AP further includes:
  • a receiver configured to receive a sixth message sent by the first STA, where the sixth message is used by the processor to determine load rate change information.
  • the group information includes: a group identifier, an STA identifier of each member STA in the STA group, and a channel access sequence of each member STA in the STA group.
  • the allocation information includes at least one of the following information: a group identifier, a start time of the packet SP, a duration of the packet SP, a packet SP type, and a minute
  • the group SP type is used to indicate the channel access mode of each member STA in the STA group.
  • the channel access manner includes: accessing the channel in a preset order or accessing the channel in a contention manner.
  • the present invention provides a station STA, including:
  • the receiver is configured to receive the first message sent by the access point AP, where the first message carries the allocation information of the packet service period SP allocated by the AP according to the STA's load rate change information to the STA group corresponding to the STA, and each of the STA groups Member STAs are adjacent to each other;
  • a processor configured to access the channel in the packet SP according to the allocation information.
  • the STA group corresponding to the STA is at least one, and the receiver is specifically configured to:
  • the STA may be the first STA group to access the channel.
  • the receiver is further configured to:
  • the third message sent by the AP Before receiving the allocation information of the packet SP sent by the AP, the third message sent by the AP is received, where the third message carries the group information of the STA group corresponding to the STA, and the group information is determined by the AP according to the acquired neighbor relationship of each STA.
  • the receiver is further configured to:
  • the STA further includes:
  • the transmitter is configured to send the intra-group grant frame after the data is transmitted in the packet SP; the intra-group grant frame is used to indicate that other STAs other than the STA in the STA group access the channel during the remaining time of the packet SP.
  • the receiver is further configured to:
  • the fifth message carries the AP as the second corresponding to the second STA
  • the allocation information of the second packet SP allocated by the STA group, the fifth message is that the AP sends the packet SP after all the STA groups other than the STA group in the STA corresponding STA group are sent after the preset time.
  • the transmitter is further configured to:
  • the sixth message is sent to the AP, where the sixth message is used by the AP to determine the load rate change information.
  • the group information includes: a group identifier, an STA identifier of each member STA in the STA group, and a channel access sequence of each member STA in the STA group.
  • the allocation information includes at least one of the following information: a group identifier, a start time of the packet SP, a duration of the packet SP, a packet SP type, and the packet SP type is used to indicate the STA Channel access mode of each member STA in the group.
  • the channel access manner includes: accessing the channel in a preset order or accessing the channel in a contention manner.
  • the present invention provides a channel access system, including: the access point AP provided by the foregoing third aspect, and the station STA provided by the foregoing fourth aspect.
  • the eighth aspect of the present invention provides a channel access system, including: the access point AP provided in the foregoing fifth aspect, and the station STA provided in the foregoing sixth aspect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a channel access method provided by the present invention
  • 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a beacon interval
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart diagram of Embodiment 1 of a channel access method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing load rate changes after two adjacent STAs successively monitor the same moving object
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of data transmission scheduling in the prior art
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of data transmission scheduling provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart diagram of Embodiment 2 of a channel access method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a format of a STA grouping element
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a format of a STA packet field in FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a format of a STA packet control field in FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a format of a scheduling element
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing the format of an allocation field in FIG. 11;
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a format of an allocation control field in FIG. 12;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a format of a grant frame in a group
  • 15 is a schematic diagram showing the format of a packet SP control field in FIG. 14;
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of an AP according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of a STA according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of an AP according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of a STA according to the present invention.
  • the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to a wireless video surveillance scenario, for example, other monitoring networks such as VPAN, and the present invention can also be applied to other monitoring networks, which is not limited by the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention specifically takes a VPAN network as an example for exemplary description.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a channel access method according to the present invention.
  • a BSS of a VPAN is configured by an AP and a plurality of STAs in a star topology, and is deployed along roads, building perimeters, indoor corridors, and the like.
  • the AP and the STA communicate wirelessly.
  • the AP is a central control and management device of a BSAN BSS, which periodically transmits a beacon frame to notify the STA of allocation information of various channel access periods (such as SP or competition period) in the current beacon interval, and receives all the information.
  • the video surveillance data of the STA is then sent to the upper layer user (video monitoring center) of the VPAN network by wireless or wired to form a video that the user can display; the STA is a video surveillance terminal device of the VPAN, which is responsible for collecting and monitoring.
  • the regional video signal is VBR encoded to form video data, and then transmitted to the AP through the wireless channel according to the SP scheduled by the AP during the allocated channel access time.
  • a Beacon Interval (BI) is divided into a Beacon Header Interval (BHI) and a Data Transfer Interval (Data Transfer Interval, Referred to as DTI).
  • BHI includes two types of access times: one is a Beacon Transmission Interval (BTI) for transmitting beacon frames, and the other is an Announcement Transfer Interval (ATI) for APs and The exchange of request frames or response frames between STAs is optional.
  • BTI Beacon Transmission Interval
  • ATI Announcement Transfer Interval
  • the DTI is composed of a contention-based access period (CBAP) (or a contention period (CP)) and a number of scheduling-based service periods SP, which are data transmission periods;
  • CBAP contention-based access period
  • CP contention period
  • SP scheduling-based service periods
  • the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention is to solve the technical problem that the transmission time is extended and the power consumption is large when the AP allocates the SP to the STA in the prior art.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a first embodiment of a channel access method according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the method provided in this embodiment includes the following steps:
  • the AP acquires load rate change information of the first STA.
  • the load rate of the STA is significantly higher than the average load rate when the monitor picture is stable, that is, the load rate of the STA changes significantly.
  • the load rate refers to the output data rate of the video encoder of the STA, that is, The rate at which video-encoded video data arrives at the STA MAC layer Service Access Point (SAP), in bits per second.
  • SAP Service Access Point
  • the load rate change information is used to indicate that the load rate of the first STA changes significantly.
  • the AP may actively detect the STA according to the rate of the data frame sent by the STA and/or the rate of change of the data volume in the detected STA cache.
  • the load rate is used to obtain the load rate change information of the STA, and the STA's load rate change information may also be determined by a message reported by the STA (for example, a moving object report message). Generally, if a STA reports a moving object report message, the load rate of the STA will increase significantly.
  • the STA that indicates the change of the load rate is represented by the first STA, and the first STA may be any one of all STAs controlled by the AP, not specifically Refers to a specific STA.
  • the AP sends a first message to each member STA in the STA group corresponding to the first STA according to the load rate change information.
  • the first message carries the allocation information of the packet SP allocated by the AP to the STA group corresponding to the first STA.
  • the allocation information is used to indicate that each member STA in the STA group accesses the channel according to the allocation information, and the STAs of each member in the STA group are adjacent to each other.
  • the APs are grouped according to the neighboring relationship of the geographical locations of the STAs, and the STAs of each STA group are geographically adjacent, and the STA group corresponding to each STA may be one or Multiple.
  • the first message may be sent to each member in the STA group corresponding to the first STA by using the beacon frame or the advertisement frame, and the group SP is allocated to the STA group corresponding to the first STA. All members in the STA group can access the channel within this packet SP.
  • the first STA receives the first message sent by the AP.
  • the first STA accesses the channel in the packet SP according to the allocation information.
  • the first STA may learn the channel access time period of the packet SP according to the allocation information, and prior to the arrival of the packet SP, prioritize or compete in the time period. Access the channel and send data frames to the AP.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below by taking the first STA as the moving object, and the first STA and the second STA as the neighbors.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing changes in load rate after two adjacent STAs successively monitor the same moving object.
  • the first STA monitors the moving object
  • its load rate rises rapidly from the steady state and then decreases to the steady state
  • the load rate of the second STA changes similarly to the first STA, and due to the motion
  • the relationship between the second STA and the first STA is displayed at a load rate.
  • the AP can detect the change of the load rate of the first STA, but the detection result has hysteresis, and the load rate of the first STA changes drastically, and the AP cannot accurately predict the first The real-time load of a STA, so the AP allocates the SP to the first STA.
  • the first two cases are as follows: As shown in Figure 5, the SP is too short, and the cached data that the first STA has not sent must wait until the next.
  • a TXOP that can access the channel (such as the SP or CBAP of the broadcast AID) is likely to be transmitted through the dynamic allocation of the AP, and thus faces the delay T1 generated by waiting for the next TXOP, and is used for accessing the channel in the next TXOP.
  • the delay T2 generated by polling or competition cannot meet the real-time communication requirement; secondly, if the SP is too long, the remaining time needs to be reallocated, so that all other STAs with communication needs need to maintain the listening state during the SP. It is not conducive to energy saving of all other STAs with communication needs; in wireless video surveillance networks, STAs are powered by batteries, and energy saving is a key aspect for STAs to maintain effective operation.
  • the member in the STA group corresponding to the first STA may be the first STA and the second STA.
  • the AP may be the first STA.
  • the STA group allocates a longer packet SP (packet SP1), so that the first STA transmits all the load data that has entered the cache in real time, avoiding the delay caused by waiting and polling/competition; at the same time, only the potential high load is allowed.
  • the two STAs maintain the listening state.
  • the remaining time direction is allocated to the second STA, thereby reducing the monitoring energy consumption that other STAs need to monitor the SP in order to access the channel in the remaining time of the SP.
  • the AP does not need to accurately predict the real-time load size of the first STA, but may directly allocate a long packet SP to multiple adjacent STAs (the first STA and the second STA).
  • the energy saving of a plurality of other STAs in the BSS is realized while satisfying the real-time communication requirement of the first STA.
  • the TXOP is exemplified as the broadcast SP in FIGS. 5 and 6, wherein the broadcast SP represents the SP of the broadcast AID.
  • the AP in order to enable the packet SP to satisfy the communication requirement of the first STA whose load is rapidly increased, the AP should allocate a longer duration to the packet SP so that the packet SP can at least satisfy the
  • the real-time communication requirement of a STA the real-time communication requirement that satisfies the first STA means that the first STA can transmit the data frame in the cache; and the packet SP is compared with the original SP of the first STA (ie, the single first STA).
  • the time extension of SP may come from the channel time of the original (as in the above BI) SP assigned to the broadcast AID or the competition period CBAP.
  • the packet SP is truncated, and the remaining time is released to other members in the group (such as the second STA above), so that the packet SP is no longer the last owner STA (the second in this embodiment).
  • STA The overhead caused by the truncation again, the duration of the packet SP should be controlled to satisfy both the real-time high load requirement of the first STA and the communication requirements of the subsequent packet SP owner (second STA).
  • the AP sends a first message to each member STA in the STA group corresponding to the first STA, according to the obtained load rate change information, and indicates that each member STA in the STA group is the first STA in the AP.
  • the APs in the corresponding SP group are allocated in the SPs.
  • the STAs in the STA group are geographically adjacent. Therefore, when the monitoring screen of the first STA changes and the load rate changes, the AP does not need to accurately predict the real-time of the first STA.
  • the load size can be directly assigned to the STA group corresponding to the first STA by a long packet SP, so that the first STA sends all the load data that has entered the cache in the packet SP in real time, and allocates the remaining time direction to the potential.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of Embodiment 2 of a channel access method according to the present invention. This embodiment is a further optimization and supplement to the foregoing embodiment shown in FIG. 3. On the basis of the foregoing embodiment shown in FIG. 3, as shown in FIG. 7, the method provided in this embodiment includes the following steps:
  • the AP acquires the neighbor relationship of each STA, and sends a third message to each STA according to the neighbor relationship.
  • the third message carries the group information of the STA group corresponding to each STA.
  • the group information may include: a group identifier, an STA identifier of each member STA in the STA group, Channel access sequence of each member STA in the STA group.
  • the STA identifier may be a media access control (MAC) address of the STA or an association identifier (AID) of the STA.
  • the length of the AID is usually smaller than the length of the MAC address.
  • the STA is preferred. Identifies as AID.
  • the adjacency relationship refers to a geographically adjacent relationship of the STA. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, STA1 is adjacent to STA2, STA2 is adjacent to STA3, STA5 is adjacent to STA4 and STA6, and the like.
  • the VPAN is deployed in the order of the STAs.
  • the AP can obtain the correspondence between the STA number and its MAC address and the STA relationship between the STAs. Correspondence between the MAC address and the AID, according to which the AP can acquire the adjacency relationship between the STAs represented by the STA's AID.
  • the AP may group the STAs according to the neighbor relationship between the STAs, and the number of members in the STA group is related to the load variation of the adjacent STAs. For example, STA1 and STA2 are strongly related to load changes, and only weakly related to STA3, only STA1 and STA2 are grouped.
  • the strong load change is related to the STA1 load rate changing from high to low when STA1's load rate changes from high to low (see Figure 4).
  • the STAs of the STAs in the STA group corresponding to the STAs are adjacent to each other, that is, the load changes of the STAs of the STAs in the STA group corresponding to the STA are strongly correlated.
  • the AP may send a third message by using a beacon frame or an advertisement frame. Specifically, the AP may add a STA grouping element in the beacon frame or the advertisement frame to notify each STA of the group information. After receiving a plurality of STA packet elements, the STA stores the packet information related to itself in the STA group information.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a format of an STA grouping element.
  • the STA grouping element includes: an element ID, a length, and a plurality of STA grouping fields.
  • the element ID field indicates the number of the STA grouping element, and the length field indicates the length of the STA grouping element, and both of them can be represented by one octet. The number of bits in the following figure is not described in detail;
  • the STA packet field indicates the grouping situation of the STA group, and the specific format is shown in FIG. 9 and FIG.
  • the STA packet field includes: a STA packet control field and a plurality of AID fields, wherein the AID field indicates a STA identifier of a member STA in the STA group; and the STA packet control field is as shown in FIG. 10, including: a Group ID field. And STA number field.
  • the group ID is a group identifier, which is similar to the STA AID.
  • the number of STAs field indicates the number of STAs in the STA group that is assigned to the current group ID, which is the same as the number of AID fields in the STA packet field shown in FIG. 9.
  • the sequence of AIDs in FIG. 9 may be used to indicate the channel access sequence of each member STA in the STA group, such as In Fig. 9, STAs access channels in order from AID1 to AIDn.
  • FIG. 8 to FIG. 10 is merely an exemplary description, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and subsequent drawings regarding the element format are similar.
  • the packet information when the AP performs the STA grouping, includes the channel access sequence of each member in the STA group, which can reduce the delay caused by the contention of the members in the STA group, and further improve the real-time transmission of the STA.
  • Sex corresponds to at least one STA group.
  • the first STA receives the third message sent by the AP.
  • the first STA After receiving the group information carried in the third message sent by the AP, the first STA stores the group information of the STA group information, that is, the STA group corresponding to the first STA.
  • the first STA sends a sixth message to the AP.
  • the first STA may detect the moving object according to the VBR code. After the first STA monitors the moving object, the first STA may send a message (ie, a sixth message) to the AP, where the message may be a moving object report message, which may be carried.
  • the information is sent to the AP in a control frame or a management frame (for example, an information response frame).
  • the sixth message is used as an example of the moving object report message.
  • the AP may determine the load rate change information by actively detecting the load rate change of the first STA or receiving the moving object report message.
  • the moving object is used because of the hysteresis of the result of the active detection of the AP.
  • the report message is used to determine the load rate change information in real time to ensure that the AP allocates the packet SP to the first STA in time.
  • the AP receives the sixth message sent by the first STA.
  • the AP sends a second message to each member STA in the first STA group corresponding to the first STA according to the sixth message, where the second message carries the first packet SP that is allocated by the first STA group corresponding to the first STA. Distribution information.
  • the STA group corresponding to the first STA is at least one.
  • the AP after receiving the moving object report message, the AP sends the first STA to each member STA in the first STA group corresponding to the first STA.
  • the allocation information includes at least one of the following information: a group identifier, a start time of the packet SP, a duration of the packet SP, a packet SP type, where the packet SP type is used to indicate the STA
  • the channel access mode of each member STA in the group may include: accessing the channel in a preset order or accessing the channel in a competitive manner.
  • the AP allocates the first packet SP to the first STA group
  • the second message may be sent to each member in the first STA group by using a beacon frame or an advertisement frame, etc. More specifically, the AP may pass the beacon frame or the advertisement frame.
  • the scheduling element informs the allocation information of the first packet SP of each member in the first STA group.
  • the scheduling element includes: an element ID, a length, and a plurality of allocation fields; wherein the element ID field and the length field are similar to the element ID field and the length field in the grouping element,
  • the allocation field indicates allocation information of the SP (including the packet SP), and its specific format can be seen in FIG.
  • the allocation field specifically includes: an allocation control field, a source AID field, a destination AID field, an allocation start time field, and an allocation duration field.
  • the source AID field indicates an address of a data sender that communicates in the allocated SP, for example, may be a group identifier Group ID of the STA group;
  • the destination AID field indicates an address of a data receiver that communicates in the allocated SP, for example, may be The identity of the AP;
  • the allocation start time field and the allocation duration field indicate the channel access time period of the packet SP.
  • the allocation control field specifically includes: an allocation ID, an allocation type field, where the allocation ID field indicates the number of the assigned SP; and the allocation type field indicates a channel access manner of the allocated SP, for example, the foregoing allocation
  • the packet SP type in the information, the possible value of the allocation type field can be as shown in Table 1.
  • the packet SP (type 1) may indicate that the channel access mode is a packet SP that accesses the channel in a preset order, that is, other member STAs other than the STA of the first access channel in the STA group, The channel is accessed in the remaining time indicated by the STA packet element in the remaining time of the packet SP (type 2); the packet SP (type 2) may indicate that the channel access mode is a packet SP that accesses the channel in a contention manner, that is, the STA group The other member STAs other than the STAs of the first access channel access the channel in a contention manner for the remaining time of the packet SP (type 2).
  • the packet type is packet SP (type 2)
  • the packet SP can only be used by the STAs within the owner STA group of the packet SP according to type 1 or type 2.
  • STA1, STA2, STA3 are deployed on a single-lane road without a road.
  • STA1 detects a moving object
  • the moving object appears in the monitoring range of STA2 and STA3 with a high probability
  • the AP assigns a type to STA1, STA2, and STA3.
  • a packet SP of type 2 is assigned.
  • scheduling element format is only an exemplary description, and other elements may be included in the scheduling element, which will not be described in detail herein.
  • the AP when the AP receives a moving object report message reported by multiple STAs in a certain BI, the AP allocates an independent packet SP for each of the multiple STAs, so that each STA uses the packet SP fairly. It is avoided that the STAs whose packet SPs are always accessed by the access channel are continuously preferentially occupied, and the STAs whose access channels are ranked later cannot share the channel time. For example, a plurality of moving objects continuously enter the monitoring range of STA1, STA2, and STA3 in the same direction, and the AP receives the moving object report message reported by STA1 and STA2 in a certain BI.
  • STA1 corresponding to STA1 may assign a packet SP to STA group (STA1, STA2) of the first access channel, STA2 corresponding to STA2, and STA group (STA2, STA3) of the first access channel, to prevent STA1 from maintaining a high load. Continue to squeeze the channel time of STA2 and STA3.
  • the AP sends a fourth message to other STAs other than the first STA in the first STA group according to the group information.
  • the AP may send a fourth message to other STAs other than the first STA in the first STA group, indicating that other STAs remain active, so as to be adjacent to the first STA.
  • the STA starts to try to access the channel to reduce the high priority data of the monitored moving object caused by the sleep cannot be immediately transmitted. Delay.
  • the first STA group in this step is other than the first STA.
  • the member STA is the second STA.
  • the fourth message may be sent to the second STA in a broadcast form after the AP obtains the control right, or sent to the second STA in the acknowledgement frame.
  • step S206 there is no strict timing relationship between step S206 and step S207, as long as the second STA transmits before accessing the channel.
  • the first STA receives the second message sent by the AP.
  • the first STA accesses the channel in the first packet SP according to the allocation information of the first packet SP.
  • the first STA is in the time period corresponding to the first packet SP according to the start time of the packet SP in the allocation information and the duration of the packet SP. Access channel.
  • the intra-group grant frame may be sent to other member STAs in the group to indicate that other member STAs access the channel.
  • the intra-group grant frame includes: a frame control, a duration, a receive address RA, a transmit address TA, a packet SP control, and a frame check sequence field.
  • the meanings of the frame control, duration, and frame check sequence fields are the same as the corresponding fields in the granted frame in the VPAN standard, and are not described here.
  • the RA field indicates the MAC address of the receiving STA, and is expected to be sent to more than one. For the destination STA, the address can be set to a broadcast address.
  • the TA field indicates the MAC address of the sending STA (for example, the first STA);
  • the specific format of the SP control field can be seen in Figure 15.
  • the packet SP control field specifically includes: a remaining time type and a remaining time length degree.
  • the remaining time type field is set to 0, indicating that the remaining time type is the packet SP, and when it is other values, the remaining time type is the competition period; the remaining time length field indicates the remaining time length of the packet SP, and the unit is 8 microseconds. .
  • one STA group includes three members (STA1, STA2, and STA3). If the packet SP is of type 1, STA1 sends the intra-group grant frame to STA2 if there is any remaining time after the data is sent.
  • the RA field of the intra-group grant frame is set to the MAC address of STA2, the TA field is set to the MAC address of STA1, and the remaining time type field is set to 0.
  • the intra-group grant frame is sent to STA3.
  • the RA field of the grant frame in the group is set to the MAC address of STA3, the TA field is set to the MAC address of STA2, and the remaining time type field is set to 0; after STA3 sends the data, if there is remaining time, it is broadcasted.
  • a grant frame is sent indicating that all STAs can contend for access. If the packet SP is of type 2, after STA1 sends the data, if there is time remaining, the intra-group grant frame is sent to STA2 and STA3, wherein the RA field of the grant frame in the group is set to the broadcast address, and the TA field is set to the MAC of STA1.
  • the Address, Remaining Time Type field is set to non-zero.
  • the AP sends a fifth message to each member STA in the second STA group corresponding to the second STA in the STA group, where the fifth message carries the second STA group corresponding to the second STA.
  • the allocation information of the second packet SP is not limited to the first packet SP.
  • the second STA group is the STA group in which the second STA in the STA group corresponding to the second STA can be the first access channel.
  • the AP after receiving the moving object report message sent by the STA, the AP allocates the packet SP to the STA, that is, after receiving the moving object report message sent by the second STA, the AP allocates the packet SP to the second STA.
  • the load rate of the first STA and the second STA are in a trade-off relationship.
  • the AP may predict the neighbor STA of the first STA.
  • the second STA also detects that the moving object is a high probability event, and therefore, the AP can allocate the channel time to the second STA in advance.
  • the AP may predict, according to the historical experience, the time that the second STA monitors the moving object, and after receiving the motion object report message sent by the first STA for the first time, after the estimated preset time, the AP corresponds to the second STA in advance.
  • the second STA group allocates the second packet SP such that the second STA accesses the channel as early as possible.
  • the AP may estimate the time interval at which the second STA monitors the moving object according to the motion rate of the moving object monitored by the second STA and the distance between the first STA and the second STA. As the estimated preset time.
  • the second STA may be allocated to the second STA group before the second STA reports the moving object report message; otherwise, the second STA may not be advanced.
  • the group assigns a second packet SP.
  • the AP is reassigned as the packet SP of the STA group by the channel time originally allocated as the broadcast address SP or the contention period, so that the STA group is Each STA can flexibly extend the occupied SP time according to the respective access sequence and load requirements, and can flexibly cut off the SP and allocate the remaining SP time to other members with high probability and high load in the group.
  • the STA enables other STAs outside the STA group to maintain power consumption without being monitored in the packet SP.
  • the channel access mechanism of the packet SP is allocated to the STA group, which can ensure the real-time transmission requirement of the STA that discovers the video surveillance target (that is, the first STA in the packet SP access channel), and is also in the group by the STA group.
  • the internal members complete the time allocation of the packet SPs by themselves, saving the polling overhead for the AP to dynamically allocate the broadcast address SP, and reducing the monitoring/competition caused by a large number of other STAs listening to the broadcast address SP or competing during the competition period. Energy consumption.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of an AP according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 16, the AP in this embodiment includes:
  • the processing module 110 is configured to acquire load rate change information of the first station STA.
  • the sending module 120 is configured to send, according to the load rate change information, a first message to each member STA in the STA group corresponding to the first STA, where the first message carries the allocation of the packet SP allocated by the AP to the STA group corresponding to the first STA.
  • the first message is used to indicate that each member STA in the STA group accesses the channel in the packet SP according to the allocation information, and each member STA in the STA group is adjacent to each other.
  • the STA group corresponding to the first STA is at least one, and the sending module 120 is specifically configured to: send, according to the load rate change information, each member STA in the first STA group corresponding to the first STA. a second message, where the second message carries the allocation information of the first packet SP allocated by the AP to the first STA group corresponding to the first STA; the second message is used to indicate that each member STA in the first STA group corresponds to the first packet SP.
  • the allocation information is used to access the channel in the first packet SP, and the first STA group is the STA group in which the first STA of the first STA can be the first access channel.
  • processing module 110 is further configured to: before acquiring the load rate change information of the STA, The neighboring relationship of each STA is obtained, and the sending module 120 sends a third message to each STA according to the neighboring relationship.
  • the third message carries the grouping information of the STA group corresponding to each STA.
  • the sending module 120 is further configured to: after the processing module 110 acquires the load rate change information of the first STA, send, according to the group information, a fourth message to the other STAs other than the first STA in the first STA group, where the fourth message is sent.
  • the STA for indicating that the fourth message is received remains active.
  • the second message is further configured to: after the first STA transmits the data in the first packet SP, send the intra-group grant frame; the intra-group grant frame is used to indicate the first STA group. Other member STAs other than one STA access the channel for the remainder of the first packet SP.
  • the sending module 120 is further configured to: after the preset time, send a fifth message to each member STA in the second STA group corresponding to the second STA in the first STA group, where the fifth message carries the AP as the second The allocation information of the second packet SP allocated by the second STA group corresponding to the STA, and the second STA group is the STA group of the first STA in the STA group corresponding to the second STA.
  • the AP further includes: a receiving module 130, configured to receive a sixth message sent by the first STA, where the sixth message is used by the processing module 110 to determine load rate change information.
  • a receiving module 130 configured to receive a sixth message sent by the first STA, where the sixth message is used by the processing module 110 to determine load rate change information.
  • the group information may include: a group identifier, an STA identifier of each member STA in the STA group, and a channel access sequence of each member STA in the STA group.
  • the allocation information may include at least one of the following information: a group identification, a start time of the packet SP, a duration of the packet SP, a packet SP type, and a packet SP type is used to indicate a channel access manner of each member STA in the STA group.
  • the channel access mode may include: accessing a channel in a preset order or accessing a channel in a contention manner.
  • the AP provided by the embodiment of the present invention may perform the foregoing method embodiments, and the implementation principles and technical effects thereof are similar, and details are not described herein again.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a STA according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 17, the STA in this embodiment includes:
  • the receiving module 210 is configured to receive a first message sent by the access point AP, where the first message carries the allocation information of the group SP allocated by the AP to the STA group corresponding to the STA according to the load rate change information of the STA, and each member in the STA group The STA position is adjacent;
  • the processing module 220 is configured to access the channel in the packet SP according to the allocation information.
  • the STA group corresponding to the STA is at least one, and receives
  • the module 210 is specifically configured to: receive a second message sent by the AP, where the second message carries the allocation information of the first packet SP allocated by the AP to the first STA group corresponding to the STA according to the load rate change information of the STA, where the first STA group is
  • the STA in the STA group corresponding to the STA may be the first STA group to access the channel.
  • the receiving module 210 is further configured to: before receiving the allocation information of the packet SP sent by the AP, receive the third message sent by the AP, where the third message carries the group information of the STA group corresponding to the STA, and the group information is obtained by the AP according to the AP. The adjacent relationship of each STA is determined.
  • the receiving module 210 is further configured to: receive a fourth message sent by the AP, where the fourth message is used to indicate that the STA is in an active state, and the fourth message is that the AP is in the STA group corresponding to the STA. Sent when the STA group other than the STA group allocates the packet SP.
  • the STA further includes:
  • the sending module 230 is configured to send the intra-group grant frame after the data is transmitted in the packet SP.
  • the intra-group grant frame is used to indicate that other STAs other than the STA in the STA group access the channel during the remaining time of the packet SP.
  • the receiving module 210 is further configured to: receive the fifth message sent by the AP, where the fifth message carries the allocation information of the second packet SP allocated by the AP to the second STA group corresponding to the second STA, where the second packet SP is The allocation information is that after the AP allocates the packet SP to the STA group other than the STA group in the STA corresponding STA group, the AP transmits the preset time.
  • the sending module 230 is further configured to: before the receiving module 210 receives the second message sent by the AP, send a sixth message to the AP, where the sixth message is used by the AP to determine the load rate change information.
  • the group information may include: a group identifier, an STA identifier of each member STA in the STA group, and a channel access sequence of each member STA in the STA group.
  • the allocation information may include at least one of the following information: a group identification, a start time of the packet SP, a duration of the packet SP, a packet SP type, and a packet SP type is used to indicate a channel access manner of each member STA in the STA group.
  • the channel access mode may include: accessing a channel in a preset order or accessing a channel in a contention manner.
  • the STAs provided by the embodiments of the present invention may perform the foregoing method embodiments, and the implementation principles and technical effects thereof are similar, and details are not described herein again.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of an AP according to the present invention.
  • the AP 300 in this embodiment includes:
  • the processor 310 is configured to acquire load rate change information of the first station STA.
  • the transmitter 320 is configured to send, according to the load rate change information, a first message to each member STA in the STA group corresponding to the first STA, where the first message carries the allocation of the packet SP allocated by the AP to the STA group corresponding to the first STA.
  • the first message is used to indicate that each member STA in the STA group accesses the channel in the packet SP according to the allocation information, and each member STA in the STA group is adjacent to each other.
  • the STA group corresponding to the first STA is at least one, and the transmitter 320 is specifically configured to: send, according to the load rate change information, each member STA in the first STA group corresponding to the first STA. a second message, where the second message carries the allocation information of the first packet SP allocated by the AP to the first STA group corresponding to the first STA; the second message is used to indicate that each member STA in the first STA group corresponds to the first packet SP.
  • the allocation information is used to access the channel in the first packet SP, and the first STA group is the STA group in which the first STA of the first STA can be the first access channel.
  • the processor 310 is further configured to: before acquiring the load rate change information of the STA, acquire the neighbor relationship of each STA, and instruct the transmitter 320 to send a third message to each STA according to the neighbor relationship, where the third message is carried. Grouping information of the STA group corresponding to each STA.
  • the transmitter 320 is further configured to send, after the processor 310 acquires the load rate change information of the first STA, to the other STAs other than the first STA in the first STA group according to the group information, where the fourth message is sent.
  • the STA for indicating that the fourth message is received remains active.
  • the second message is further configured to: after the first STA transmits the data in the first packet SP, send the intra-group grant frame; the intra-group grant frame is used to indicate the first STA group. Other member STAs other than one STA access the channel for the remainder of the first packet SP.
  • the transmitter 320 is further configured to: after the preset time, send a fifth message to each member STA in the second STA group corresponding to the second STA in the first STA group, where the fifth message carries the AP as the second The allocation information of the second packet SP allocated by the second STA group corresponding to the STA, and the second STA group is the STA group of the first STA in the STA group corresponding to the second STA.
  • the AP 300 further includes: a receiver 330, configured to receive a sixth message sent by the first STA, where the sixth message is used by the processor 310 to determine load rate change information.
  • a receiver 330 configured to receive a sixth message sent by the first STA, where the sixth message is used by the processor 310 to determine load rate change information.
  • the group information may include: a group identifier, an STA identifier of each member STA in the STA group, and a channel access sequence of each member STA in the STA group.
  • the allocation information may include at least one of the following information: a group identification, a start time of the packet SP, a duration of the packet SP, a packet SP type, and a packet SP type is used to indicate each member of the STA group The channel access mode of the STA.
  • the channel access mode may include: accessing a channel in a preset order or accessing a channel in a contention manner.
  • the AP provided by the embodiment of the present invention may perform the foregoing method embodiments, and the implementation principles and technical effects thereof are similar, and details are not described herein again.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of a STA according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 19, the STA 400 in this embodiment includes:
  • the receiver 410 is configured to receive a first message sent by the access point AP, where the first message carries the allocation information of the packet SP allocated by the AP to the STA group corresponding to the STA according to the load rate change information of the STA, and each member in the STA group The STA position is adjacent;
  • the processor 420 is configured to access the channel in the packet SP according to the allocation information.
  • the STA group corresponding to the STA is at least one, and the receiver 410 is specifically configured to: receive the second message sent by the AP, where the second message carries the AP corresponding to the STA according to the load rate change information of the STA.
  • the receiver 410 is further configured to: before receiving the allocation information of the packet SP sent by the AP, receive the third message sent by the AP, where the third message carries the group information of the STA group corresponding to the STA, and the group information is obtained by the AP according to the AP. The adjacent relationship of each STA is determined.
  • the receiver 410 is further configured to: receive a fourth message sent by the AP, where the fourth message is used to indicate that the STA remains active, and the fourth message is that the AP is in the STA group corresponding to the STA. Sent when the STA group other than the STA group allocates the packet SP.
  • the STA 400 further includes:
  • the transmitter 430 is configured to send a group grant frame after the data is transmitted in the packet SP.
  • the intra-group grant frame is used to indicate that other STAs other than the STA in the STA group access the channel during the remaining time of the packet SP.
  • the receiver 410 is further configured to: receive the fifth message sent by the AP, where the fifth message carries the allocation information of the second packet SP allocated by the AP to the second STA group corresponding to the second STA, where the second packet SP is The allocation information is that after the AP allocates the packet SP to the STA group other than the STA group in the STA corresponding STA group, the AP transmits the preset time.
  • the transmitter 430 is further configured to: before the receiver 410 receives the second message sent by the AP, to the AP The sixth message is sent, and the sixth message is used by the AP to determine load rate change information.
  • the group information may include: a group identifier, an STA identifier of each member STA in the STA group, and a channel access sequence of each member STA in the STA group.
  • the allocation information may include at least one of the following information: a group identification, a start time of the packet SP, a duration of the packet SP, a packet SP type, and a packet SP type is used to indicate a channel access manner of each member STA in the STA group.
  • the channel access mode may include: accessing a channel in a preset order or accessing a channel in a contention manner.
  • the STAs provided by the embodiments of the present invention may perform the foregoing method embodiments, and the implementation principles and technical effects thereof are similar, and details are not described herein again.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a channel access system, which includes the AP in the foregoing embodiment shown in FIG. 16 and the STA in the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the STA is at least one, and the AP and the plurality of STAs form a star topology.
  • the system can perform the foregoing method embodiments, and the implementation principle and technical effects are similar, and details are not described herein again.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides a channel access system, which includes the AP in the foregoing embodiment shown in FIG. 18 and the STA in the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the STA is at least one, and the AP and the plurality of STAs form a star topology.
  • the system can perform the foregoing method embodiments, and the implementation principle and technical effects are similar, and details are not described herein again.

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Abstract

本发明提供一种信道接入方法、设备和系统，该方法包括：AP根据获取的负载速率变化信息，向第一STA对应的STA组中的各成员STA发送第一消息，指示STA组中各成员STA在AP为第一STA对应的STA组分配的分组SP内接入信道，其中，STA组中的各成员位置相邻，第一STA接收到AP发送的分组SP的分配信息后，根据分配信息在分组SP内接入信道。本发明实施例提供的技术方案，AP可以直接为第一STA对应的STA组分配一个较长的分组SP，使第一STA在分组SP内实时发送所有负载数据，并将剩余时间定向分配给STA组内其他成员，在满足第一STA的实时通信需求的同时，节省了STA组外其他STA的监听能耗。

Description

信道接入方法、设备和系统 技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术，尤其涉及一种信道接入方法、设备和系统。
背景技术
随着平安城市的发展和人们对重要场合、重要资产、小区安全和监控防灾的需求增强，用于无线视频监控的低功耗、低成本的无线视频个域网(Video Personal Area Network，简称VPAN)日益受到重视。在电缆和电力线部署困难的场景下，无线视频监控具有灵活和低成本部署的优势。VPAN的一个基础设施式服务集(Basic Service Set，简称BSS)由一个接入点(Access Point，简称AP)和一定数量的站点(Station，简称STA)构成星型拓扑，主要面向安防领域、室内/室外无线视频监控。STA在采集实时视频信号经过视频编码形成视频数据后，可以通过无线信道发送到AP，AP将接收到的视频数据通过无线或有线方式发送给VPAN网络的上层用户(视频监控中心)，形成用户可以显示的视频。视频监控对VPAN的实时性具有明确的要求，它要求监控场所的视频图像能够尽量快的发送到视频监控中心，以便于用户通过视频监控快速处置突发事件。
基于调度的服务期(Service Period，简称SP)是保证实时传输的一种重要手段。AP通过周期性地发送信标帧并在信标间隔时间段内为STA分配SP，具体的，AP可以将SP分配给一个特定的STA使用；也可以将SP的源和目的关联标识符(Association Identifier，AID)设置为广播AID，以便允许BSS内的所有STA动态申请SP，以提高传输的实时性；AP还可以将分配给一个STA的SP的剩余时间重新分配，以缩短部分其它有信道接入需求的STA的时延。其中，AP在动态分配SP时，需要与STA之间先进行轮询，收集STA的通信需求后再进行动态分配SP。
STA在采集实时视频信号经过视频编码形成视频数据后，可以根据AP调度的SP，在分配得到的信道接入时间内通过无线信道发送到AP。
当STA采用变比特率(Variable Bit Rate，简称VBR)视频编码方式，监 控画面的变化会产生大量突发的数据流。例如STA发现监控目标后，负载速率会大幅上升，需要AP为其分配较长的SP以传输数据。但是AP无法准确预测STA的实时负载大小，因此AP为STA分配的SP会出现以下两种情况：第一种，SP太短，则STA需要等待下一个可以接入信道的传输机会(Transmission Opportunity，简称TXOP)(如广播AID的SP或竞争期)到来，从而会面临等待下一个TXOP产生的时延和为了在下一个TXOP接入信道而采用轮询接入或竞争接入所产生的时延，无法满足实时通信需求；第二种，SP过长，则需要将SP的剩余时间重新分配，从而需要其它所有有通信需求的STA在SP期间都保持监听状态，因此会增加上述其它所有有通信需求的STA的能耗。
发明内容
针对现有技术的上述缺陷，本发明提供一种信道接入方法、设备和系统，用于提高STA传输的实时性，同时节省STA的能耗。
第一方面，本发明提供一种信道接入方法，包括：
接入点AP获取第一站点STA的负载速率变化信息；
AP根据负载速率变化信息，向第一STA对应的STA组中的各成员STA发送第一消息，第一消息中携带AP为第一STA对应的STA组分配的分组服务期SP的分配信息；第一消息用于指示STA组中各成员STA根据分配信息在分组SP内接入信道，STA组中的各成员STA位置相邻。
通过第一方面提供的信道接入方法，AP根据获取的负载速率变化信息，向第一STA对应的STA组中的各成员STA发送第一消息，指示STA组中各成员STA在AP为第一STA对应的STA组分配的分组SP内接入信道，STA组中的各成员STA地理位置相邻，从而当第一STA的监控画面发生变化导致负载速率变化时，AP无需准确预测第一STA的实时负载大小，而是可以直接为第一STA对应的STA组分配一个较长的分组SP，使第一STA在分组SP内实时发送已进入缓存的所有负载数据，并将剩余时间定向分配给具有潜在高负载的STA组内其他成员，从而在满足第一STA的实时通信需求的同时，节省了STA组外其他STA因为需要监听广播SP而产生的监听能耗。
在第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，第一STA对应的STA组为至少 一个，AP根据负载速率变化信息向STA对应的STA组中的各成员STA发送第一消息，具体包括：
AP根据负载速率变化信息，向第一STA对应的第一STA组中的各成员STA发送第二消息，第二消息中携带AP为第一STA对应的第一STA组分配的第一分组SP的分配信息；第二消息用于指示第一STA组中各成员STA根据第一分组SP对应的分配信息在第一分组SP内接入信道，第一STA组为第一STA对应的STA组中第一STA可首个接入信道的STA组。
通过上述实施方式提供的信道接入方法，AP向第一STA对应的第一STA组中的各成员STA发送第一分组SP的分配信息，其中，第一STA组为第一STA对应的STA组中第一STA可首个接入信道的STA组，可以保证通信需求较高的第一STA在尽早接入信道，减少了第一STA竞争接入信道带来的时延。
在第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，在AP获取STA的负载速率变化信息之前，方法还包括：
AP获取各STA的相邻关系，并根据相邻关系向各STA发送第三消息，第三消息中携带各STA对应的STA组的分组信息。
在第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，在AP获取第一STA的负载速率变化信息之后，方法还包括：
AP根据分组信息向第一STA组中除第一STA以外的其他成员STA发送第四消息，第四消息用于指示接收第四消息的STA保持活跃状态。
通过上述实施方式提供的信道接入方法，AP获取到第一STA的负载速率变化信息之后，向第一STA组中除第一STA以外的其他成员STA发送第四消息，指示其他成员STA保持活跃状态，可以使与第一STA相邻的STA在第一STA传送完数据后以及在各自监测到运动物体后的第一时间，就开始尝试接入信道，从而可以减少STA因休眠而导致的监测到运动物体的高优先级数据不能立即发送而产生的时延。
在第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，第二消息还用于指示第一STA在第一分组SP内传送完数据后，发送组内授予帧；组内授予帧用于指示第一STA组中除第一STA以外的其他成员STA在第一分组SP的剩余时间内接入信道。
在第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，该方法还包括：
在预设时间后，AP向第一STA组中的第二STA对应的第二STA组中的各成员STA发送第五消息，第五消息中携带AP为第二STA对应的第二STA组分配的第二分组SP的分配信息，第二STA组为第二STA对应的STA组中第二STA可首个接入信道的STA组。
通过上述实施方式提供的信道接入方法，AP在第一次接收到第一STA发送的第六消息后，经过预估的预设时间，预先为第二STA对应的第二STA组分配第二分组SP，可以使第二STA尽早接入信道。
在第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，AP获取第一STA的负载速率变化信息，具体包括：
AP接收第一STA发送的第六消息，第六消息用于AP确定负载速率变化信息。
在第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，分组信息包括：组标识、STA组中各成员STA的STA标识、STA组中各成员STA的信道接入顺序。
在第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，分配信息包括以下信息的至少一项：组标识、分组SP的起始时间、分组SP的持续时间、分组SP类型，分组SP类型用于指示STA组中各成员STA的信道接入方式。
在第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，信道接入方式包括：按预设顺序接入信道或按竞争方式接入信道。
第二方面，本发明提供一种信道接入方法，包括：
第一站点STA接收接入点AP发送的第一消息，第一消息中携带AP根据负载速率变化信息为第一STA对应的STA组分配的分组服务期SP的分配信息，STA组中的各成员STA位置相邻；
第一STA根据分配信息在分组SP内接入信道。
在第二方面的一种可能的实施方式中，第一STA对应的STA组为至少一个，第一STA接收AP发送的分组服务期SP的第一消息，具体包括：
第一STA接收AP发送的第二消息，第二消息中携带AP根据负载速率变化信息为第一STA对应的第一STA组分配的第一分组SP的分配信息，第一STA组为第一STA对应的STA组中第一STA可首个接入信道的STA组。
在第二方面的一种可能的实施方式中，在第一STA接收AP发送的第一 分组SP的分配信息之前，方法还包括：
第一STA接收AP发送的第三消息，第三消息中携带第一STA对应的STA组的分组信息，分组信息是AP根据获取的各STA的相邻关系确定的。
在第二方面的一种可能的实施方式中，该方法还包括：
第一STA接收AP发送的第四消息，第四消息用于指示STA保持活跃状态，第四消息是AP在为第一STA对应的STA组中除第一STA组以外的其他STA组分配分组SP时发送的。
在第二方面的一种可能的实施方式中，方法还包括：
第一STA在第一分组SP内传送完数据后，发送组内授予帧；组内授予帧用于指示第一STA组中除第一STA以外的其他成员STA在第一分组SP的剩余时间内接入信道。
在第二方面的一种可能的实施方式中，方法还包括：
第一STA接收AP发送的第五消息，第五消息中携带AP为第二STA对应的第二STA组分配的第二分组SP的分配信息，第五消息是AP在为第一STA对应STA组中除第一STA组以外的其他STA组分配完分组SP后，再经过预设时间后发送的。
在第二方面的一种可能的实施方式中，在第一STA接收AP发送的分组SP的分配信息之前，方法还包括：
第一STA向AP发送第六消息，第六消息用于AP确定负载速率变化信息。
在第二方面的一种可能的实施方式中，分组信息包括：组标识、STA组中各成员STA的STA标识、STA组中各成员STA的信道接入顺序。
在第二方面的一种可能的实施方式中，分配信息包括以下信息的至少一项：组标识、分组SP的起始时间、分组SP的持续时间、分组SP类型，分组SP类型用于指示STA组中各成员STA的信道接入方式。
在第二方面的一种可能的实施方式中，信道接入方式包括：按预设顺序接入信道或按竞争方式接入信道。
上述第二方面以及上述第二方面的各可能的实施方式所提供的信道接入方法，其有益效果可以参见上述第一方面和第一方面的各可能的实施方式所带来的有益效果，在此不再赘述。
第三方面，本发明提供一种接入点AP，包括：
处理模块，用于获取第一站点STA的负载速率变化信息；
发送模块，用于根据负载速率变化信息，向第一STA对应的STA组中的各成员STA发送第一消息，第一消息中携带AP为第一STA对应的STA组分配的分组服务期SP的分配信息；第一消息用于指示STA组中各成员STA根据分配信息在分组SP内接入信道，STA组中的各成员STA位置相邻。
在第三方面的一种可能的实施方式中，第一STA对应的STA组为至少一个，发送模块具体用于：
根据负载速率变化信息，向第一STA对应的第一STA组中的各成员STA发送第二消息，第二消息中携带AP为第一STA对应的第一STA组分配的第一分组SP的分配信息；第二消息用于指示第一STA组中各成员STA根据第一分组SP对应的分配信息在第一分组SP内接入信道，第一STA组为第一STA对应的STA组中第一STA可首个接入信道的STA组。
在第三方面的一种可能的实施方式中，处理模块还用于：
在获取STA的负载速率变化信息之前，获取各STA的相邻关系，并根据相邻关系指示发送模块向各STA发送第三消息，第三消息中携带各STA对应的STA组的分组信息。
在第三方面的一种可能的实施方式中，发送模块还用于：
在处理模块获取第一STA的负载速率变化信息之后，根据分组信息向第一STA组中除第一STA以外的其他成员STA发送第四消息，第四消息用于指示接收第四消息的STA保持活跃状态。
在第三方面的一种可能的实施方式中，第二消息还用于指示第一STA在第一分组SP内传送完数据后，发送组内授予帧；组内授予帧用于指示第一STA组中除第一STA以外的其他成员STA在第一分组SP的剩余时间内接入信道。
在第三方面的一种可能的实施方式中，发送模块还用于：
在预设时间后，向第一STA组中的第二STA对应的第二STA组中的各成员STA发送第五消息，第五消息中携带AP为第二STA对应的第二STA组分配的第二分组SP的分配信息，第二STA组为第二STA对应的STA组中第二STA可首个接入信道的STA组。
在第三方面的一种可能的实施方式中，AP还包括：
接收模块，用于接收第一STA发送的第六消息，第六消息用于处理模块确定负载速率变化信息。
在第三方面的一种可能的实施方式中，分组信息包括：组标识、STA组中各成员STA的STA标识、STA组中各成员STA的信道接入顺序。
在第三方面的一种可能的实施方式中，分配信息包括以下信息的至少一项：组标识、分组SP的起始时间、分组SP的持续时间、分组SP类型，分组SP类型用于指示STA组中各成员STA的信道接入方式。
在第三方面的一种可能的实施方式中，信道接入方式包括：按预设顺序接入信道或按竞争方式接入信道。
上述第三方面以及上述第三方面的各可能的实施方式所提供的AP，其有益效果可以参见上述第一方面和第一方面的各可能的实施方式所带来的有益效果，在此不再赘述。
第四方面，本发明提供一种站点STA，包括：
接收模块，用于接收接入点AP发送的第一消息，第一消息中携带AP根据STA的负载速率变化信息为STA对应的STA组分配的分组服务期SP的分配信息，STA组中的各成员STA位置相邻；
处理模块，用于根据分配信息在分组SP内接入信道。
在第四方面的一种可能的实施方式中，STA对应的STA组为至少一个，接收模块具体用于：
接收AP发送的第二消息，第二消息中携带AP根据STA的负载速率变化信息为STA对应的第一STA组分配的第一分组SP的分配信息，第一STA组为STA对应的STA组中STA可首个接入信道的STA组。
在第四方面的一种可能的实施方式中，接收模块还用于：
在接收AP发送的分组SP的分配信息之前，接收AP发送的第三消息，第三消息中携带STA对应的STA组的分组信息，分组信息是AP根据获取的各STA的相邻关系确定的。
在第四方面的一种可能的实施方式中，接收模块还用于：
接收AP发送的第四消息，第四消息用于指示STA保持活跃状态，第四消息是AP在为STA对应的STA组中除STA组以外的其他STA组分配分组 SP时发送的。
在第四方面的一种可能的实施方式中，STA还包括：
发送模块，用于在分组SP内传送完数据后，发送组内授予帧；组内授予帧用于指示STA组中除STA以外的其他成员STA在分组SP的剩余时间内接入信道。
在第四方面的一种可能的实施方式中，接收模块还用于：
接收AP发送的第五消息，第五消息中携带AP为第二STA对应的第二STA组分配的第二分组SP的分配信息，第五消息是AP在为STA对应STA组中除STA组以外的其他STA组分配完分组SP后，再经过预设时间后发送的。
在第四方面的一种可能的实施方式中，发送模块还用于：
在接收模块接收AP发送的第二消息之前，向AP发送第六消息，第六消息用于AP确定负载速率变化信息。
在第四方面的一种可能的实施方式中，分组信息包括：组标识、STA组中各成员STA的STA标识、STA组中各成员STA的信道接入顺序。
在第四方面的一种可能的实施方式中，分配信息包括以下信息的至少一项：组标识、分组SP的起始时间、分组SP的持续时间、分组SP类型，分组SP类型用于指示STA组中各成员STA的信道接入方式。
在第四方面的一种可能的实施方式中，信道接入方式包括：按预设顺序接入信道或按竞争方式接入信道。
上述第四方面以及上述第四方面的各可能的实施方式所提供的STA，其有益效果可以参见上述第一方面和第一方面的各可能的实施方式所带来的有益效果，在此不再赘述。
第五方面，本发明提供一种接入点AP，包括：
处理器，用于获取第一站点STA的负载速率变化信息；
发送器，用于根据负载速率变化信息，向第一STA对应的STA组中的各成员STA发送第一消息，第一消息中携带AP为第一STA对应的STA组分配的分组服务期SP的分配信息；第一消息用于指示STA组中各成员STA根据分配信息在分组SP内接入信道，STA组中的各成员STA位置相邻。
在第五方面的一种可能的实施方式中，第一STA对应的STA组为至少 一个，发送器具体用于：
根据负载速率变化信息，向第一STA对应的第一STA组中的各成员STA发送第二消息，第二消息中携带AP为第一STA对应的第一STA组分配的第一分组SP的分配信息；第二消息用于指示第一STA组中各成员STA根据第一分组SP对应的分配信息在第一分组SP内接入信道，第一STA组为第一STA对应的STA组中第一STA可首个接入信道的STA组。
在第五方面的一种可能的实施方式中，处理器还用于：
在获取STA的负载速率变化信息之前，获取各STA的相邻关系，并根据相邻关系指示发送器向各STA发送第三消息，第三消息中携带各STA对应的STA组的分组信息。
在第五方面的一种可能的实施方式中，发送器还用于：
在处理器获取第一STA的负载速率变化信息之后，根据分组信息向第一STA组中除第一STA以外的其他成员STA发送第四消息，第四消息用于指示接收第四消息的STA保持活跃状态。
在第五方面的一种可能的实施方式中，第二消息还用于指示第一STA在第一分组SP内传送完数据后，发送组内授予帧；组内授予帧用于指示第一STA组中除第一STA以外的其他成员STA在第一分组SP的剩余时间内接入信道。
在第五方面的一种可能的实施方式中，发送器还用于：
在预设时间后，向第一STA组中的第二STA对应的第二STA组中的各成员STA发送第五消息，第五消息中携带AP为第二STA对应的第二STA组分配的第二分组SP的分配信息，第二STA组为第二STA对应的STA组中第二STA可首个接入信道的STA组。
在第五方面的一种可能的实施方式中，AP还包括：
接收器，用于接收第一STA发送的第六消息，第六消息用于处理器确定负载速率变化信息。
在第五方面的一种可能的实施方式中，分组信息包括：组标识、STA组中各成员STA的STA标识、STA组中各成员STA的信道接入顺序。
在第五方面的一种可能的实施方式中，分配信息包括以下信息的至少一项：组标识、分组SP的起始时间、分组SP的持续时间、分组SP类型，分 组SP类型用于指示STA组中各成员STA的信道接入方式。
在第五方面的一种可能的实施方式中，信道接入方式包括：按预设顺序接入信道或按竞争方式接入信道。
上述第五方面以及上述第五方面的各可能的实施方式所提供的AP，其有益效果可以参见上述第一方面和第一方面的各可能的实施方式所带来的有益效果，在此不再赘述。
第六方面，本发明提供一种站点STA，包括：
接收器，用于接收接入点AP发送的第一消息，第一消息中携带AP根据STA的负载速率变化信息为STA对应的STA组分配的分组服务期SP的分配信息，STA组中的各成员STA位置相邻；
处理器，用于根据分配信息在分组SP内接入信道。
在第六方面的一种可能的实施方式中，STA对应的STA组为至少一个，接收器具体用于：
接收AP发送的第二消息，第二消息中携带AP根据STA的负载速率变化信息为STA对应的第一STA组分配的第一分组SP的分配信息，第一STA组为STA对应的STA组中STA可首个接入信道的STA组。
在第六方面的一种可能的实施方式中，接收器还用于：
在接收AP发送的分组SP的分配信息之前，接收AP发送的第三消息，第三消息中携带STA对应的STA组的分组信息，分组信息是AP根据获取的各STA的相邻关系确定的。
在第六方面的一种可能的实施方式中，接收器还用于：
接收AP发送的第四消息，第四消息用于指示STA保持活跃状态，第四消息是AP在为STA对应的STA组中除STA组以外的其他STA组分配分组SP时发送的。
在第六方面的一种可能的实施方式中，STA还包括：
发送器，用于在分组SP内传送完数据后，发送组内授予帧；组内授予帧用于指示STA组中除STA以外的其他成员STA在分组SP的剩余时间内接入信道。
在第六方面的一种可能的实施方式中，接收器还用于：
接收AP发送的第五消息，第五消息中携带AP为第二STA对应的第二 STA组分配的第二分组SP的分配信息，第五消息是AP在为STA对应STA组中除STA组以外的其他STA组分配完分组SP后，再经过预设时间后发送的。
在第六方面的一种可能的实施方式中，发送器还用于：
在接收器接收AP发送的第二消息之前，向AP发送第六消息，第六消息用于AP确定负载速率变化信息。
在第六方面的一种可能的实施方式中，分组信息包括：组标识、STA组中各成员STA的STA标识、STA组中各成员STA的信道接入顺序。
在第六方面的一种可能的实施方式中，分配信息包括以下信息的至少一项：组标识、分组SP的起始时间、分组SP的持续时间、分组SP类型，分组SP类型用于指示STA组中各成员STA的信道接入方式。
在第六方面的一种可能的实施方式中，信道接入方式包括：按预设顺序接入信道或按竞争方式接入信道。
上述第六方面以及上述第六方面的各可能的实施方式所提供的STA，其有益效果可以参见上述第一方面和第一方面的各可能的实施方式所带来的有益效果，在此不再赘述。
第七方面，本发明提供一种信道接入系统，包括：上述第三方面提供的接入点AP和上述第四方面提供的站点STA。
上述第七方面所提供的信道接入系统，其有益效果可以参见上述第一方面和第一方面的各可能的实施方式所带来的有益效果，在此不再赘述。
第八方面，本发明提供一种信道接入系统，包括：上述第五方面提供的接入点AP和上述第六方面提供的站点STA。
上述第八方面所提供的信道接入系统，其有益效果可以参见上述第一方面和第一方面的各可能的实施方式所带来的有益效果，在此不再赘述。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明提供的信道接入方法的应用场景示意图；
图2为信标间隔的结构示意图；
图3为本发明提供的信道接入方法实施例一的流程示意图；
图4为两个相邻的STA先后监测到同一个运动物体之后的负载速率变化示意图；
图5为现有技术的数据传输调度示意图；
图6为本发明提供的数据传输调度示意图；
图7为本发明本发明提供的信道接入方法实施例二的流程示意图；
图8为STA分组元素的格式示意图；
图9为图8中STA分组字段的格式示意图；
图10为图9中STA分组控制字段的格式示意图；
图11为调度元素的格式示意图；
图12为图11中分配字段的格式示意图；
图13为图12中分配控制字段的格式示意图；
图14为组内授予帧的格式示意图；
图15为图14中分组SP控制字段的格式示意图；
图16为本发明提供的AP实施例一的结构示意图；
图17为本发明提供的STA实施例一的结构示意图；
图18为本发明提供的AP实施例二的结构示意图；
图19为本发明提供的STA实施例二的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例的技术方案可以应用于无线视频监控场景中，例如：VPAN等其他监控网络，本发明还可以应用于其他监控网络中,本发明对此并不限制。本发明实施例具体以VPAN网络为例进行示例性说明。
图1为本发明提供的信道接入方法的应用场景示意图，如图1所示，VPAN的一个BSS由一个AP和若干个STA构成星型拓扑，沿道路、楼宇周边、室内楼道等进行部署，AP和STA之间采用无线方式进行通信。其中，AP是VPAN一个BSS的中心控制和管理设备，其周期性地发送信标帧通知STA在当前信标间隔中各类信道接入期(如SP或竞争期)的分配信息，并接收所有STA的视频监控数据，然后将接收到的视频数据通过无线或有线方式发送给VPAN网络的上层用户(视频监控中心)，形成用户可以显示的视频；STA是VPAN的视频监控终端设备，负责采集监控区域视频信号并进行VBR编码形成视频数据，然后根据AP调度的SP，在分配得到的信道接入时间内通过无线信道发送到AP。
图2为信标间隔的结构示意图，如图2所示，一个信标间隔(Beacon Interval，简称BI)分为信标头间隔(Beacon Header Interval，简称BHI)和数据发送期(Data Transfer Interval，简称DTI)。其中，BHI包含两类接入时间：一是信标传输期(Beacon Transmission Interval，简称BTI)，用于传输信标帧；二是通告发送期(Announcement Transfer Interval，简称ATI)，用于AP与STA之间交换请求帧或响应帧，为可选出现。DTI由若干个基于竞争的访问期(Contention-based Access Period，简称CBAP)(或表示为竞争期(Contention Period，简称CP))和若干个基于调度的服务期SP组成，它是数据发送期；在CBAP期间，所有STA可以竞争接入信道，在SP期间，SP的所有者STA可以接入信道；AP可以通过信标帧或通告帧通知STA关于DTI的分配信息。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案，旨在解决现有技术中AP为STA分配SP时出现的传输时延长、功耗大的技术问题。
下面以具体地实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。下面这几个具体的实施例可以相互结合，对于相同或相似的概念或过程可能在某些实施例不再赘述。
图3为本发明提供的信道接入方法实施例一的流程示意图，如图3所示，本实施例提供的方法包括如下步骤：
S101、AP获取第一STA的负载速率变化信息。
当STA的监控画面发生变化时(例如有运动物体进入监控画面)会产生 突发的数据流，STA的负载速率则会大幅高于监控画面稳定时的平均负载速率，即STA的负载速率发生显著变化，其中，负载速率是指STA的视频编码器的输出数据速率，即视频编码后的视频数据到达STA MAC层服务访问点(Service Access Point，SAP)的速率，以比特/秒为单位。负载速率变化信息用于指示第一STA的负载速率发生显著变化，具体的，AP可以根据STA发送的数据帧的速率和/或检测到的STA的缓存中的数据量变化速率，主动检测STA的负载速率以获取STA的负载速率变化信息，也可以通过STA上报的消息(例如运动物体报告消息)来确定STA的负载速率变化信息。一般地，如果一个STA上报运动物体报告消息，则所述STA的负载速率将大幅升高。
需要说明的是，为了更清楚的说明本发明的技术方案，本实施例中以第一STA表示负载速率发生变化的STA，该第一STA可以是AP控制的所有STA中的任意一个，并非特指某个具体的STA。
S102、AP根据负载速率变化信息，向第一STA对应的STA组中的各成员STA发送第一消息，第一消息中携带AP为第一STA对应的STA组分配的分组SP的分配信息。
其中，分配信息用于指示STA组中各成员STA根据分配信息接入信道，STA组中的各成员STA位置相邻。
具体的，本实施例中，AP根据各STA的地理位置的相邻关系为STA进行了分组，每个STA组中的各成员STA地理位置相邻，每个STA对应的STA组可以是一个或多个。AP确定第一STA的负载速率发生变化时，则可以通过信标帧或通告帧向第一STA对应的STA组中的各个成员发送第一消息，为第一STA对应的STA组分配分组SP，使STA组中的各成员都可以在此分组SP内接入信道。
S103、第一STA接收AP发送的第一消息。
S104、第一STA根据分配信息在分组SP内接入信道。
具体的，第一STA接收到AP发送的分组SP的分配信息后，可以根据分配信息获知分组SP的信道接入时间段，在分组SP的起始时间到来时，在此时间段内优先或者竞争接入信道，向AP发送数据帧。
下面以第一STA监测到运动物体、第一STA与第二STA相邻为例详细说明本发明的技术方案。
图4为两个相邻的STA先后监测到同一个运动物体之后的负载速率变化示意图。如图4所示，当第一STA监测到运动物体后，其负载速率从稳定状态快速升高，然后再降低到稳定状态；第二STA的负载速率变化情况与第一STA类似，且由于运动物体从第一STA的监控范围进入到第二STA的监控范围时，导致第二STA与第一STA之间在负载速率上呈现此消彼长的关系。
现有技术中，第一STA监测到运动物体后，AP虽然能够检测到第一STA的负载速率变化情况，但检测结果具有滞后性，且第一STA的负载速率变化剧烈，AP无法准确预测第一STA的实时负载大小，因此AP为第一STA分配的SP会出现以下两种情况：第一种，如图5所示，SP太短，第一STA未发送完的缓存数据必须要等到下一个可以接入信道的TXOP(如广播AID的SP或CBAP)才有可能通过AP的动态分配进行发送，从而会面临等待下一个TXOP产生的时延T1，和为了在下一个TXOP接入信道而采用的轮询或竞争产生的时延T2，不能满足实时通信需求；第二种，SP过长，则需要将剩余时间重新分配，从而需要其它所有有通信需求的STA在SP期间保持监听状态，这不利于上述其它所有有通信需求的STA节能；而在无线视频监控网络中，STA都靠电池供电，节能是使STA保持有效工作的关键方面。
本实施例中，第一STA对应的STA组中的成员可以为相邻的第一STA和第二STA，第一STA监测到运动物体后，如图6所示，AP可以为第一STA对应的STA组分配一个较长的分组SP(分组SP1)，使第一STA实时发送已进入缓存的所有负载数据，避免等待和轮询/竞争所产生的时延；同时只让潜在的高负载第二STA保持监听状态，当第一STA发送完数据后，将剩余时间定向分配给第二STA，从而减少其他STA为了在SP的剩余时间接入信道而需要监听SP所产生的监听能耗。即，本实施例提供的技术方案，AP无需准确预测第一STA的实时负载大小，而是可以直接为多个相邻的STA(第一STA和第二STA)分配较长的分组SP，在满足第一STA的实时通信需求的同时，实现BSS内多个其它STA的节能。
需要说明的是，为了便于说明，图5和图6中用TXOP为广播SP进行示例性说明，其中，广播SP表示广播AID的SP。
另外，需要说明的是，本实施例中，为了使分组SP能够满足负载急剧升高的第一STA的通信需求，AP应为分组SP分配较长的持续时间，以使分组 SP能够至少满足第一STA的实时通信需求，所述满足第一STA的实时通信需求指第一STA能够将缓存内的数据帧发送完毕；而分组SP相比第一STA的原来SP(即单个第一STA对应的SP)的时间延长部分，可以来自于原来(如上个BI内)分配为广播AID的SP或者竞争期CBAP的信道时间。在具体分配时，例如，AP为第一STA和第二STA分配的一个分组SP的时长为TGroup，上一个BI内第一STA的单个SP的平均时长为TSTA，则可以使TGroup/TSTA＝N，其中N为大于1的正整数，即AP分配N倍于第一STA的SP平均时长；或者，AP也可以根据第一STA在未监测到运动物体期间的平均负载速率S1，第一STA的历史峰值负载速率S2，使TGroup/TSTA＝S2/S1。
第一STA发送完数据后，分组SP被截断，其剩余时间释放给组内其他成员(如上述第二STA)，为了使分组SP不再被最后一个所有者STA(本实施例中为第二STA)再次截断而导致的开销，则分组SP的时长应控制在既能满足第一STA的实时高负载需求，又不能完全满足后续的分组SP所有者(第二STA)的通信需求。
本实施例提供的信道接入方法，AP根据获取的负载速率变化信息，向第一STA对应的STA组中的各成员STA发送第一消息，指示STA组中各成员STA在AP为第一STA对应的STA组分配的分组SP内接入信道，STA组中的各成员STA地理位置相邻，从而当第一STA的监控画面发生变化导致负载速率变化时，AP无需准确预测第一STA的实时负载大小，而是可以直接为第一STA对应的STA组分配一个较长的分组SP，使第一STA在分组SP内实时发送已进入缓存的所有负载数据，并将剩余时间定向分配给具有潜在高负载的STA组内其他成员，从而在满足第一STA的实时通信需求的同时，节省了STA组外其他STA因为需要监听广播SP而产生的监听能耗。
图7为本发明本发明提供的信道接入方法实施例二的流程示意图，本实施例是对上述图3所示实施例的进一步优化补充。在上述图3所示实施例的基础上，如图7所示，本实施例提供的方法包括如下步骤：
S201、AP获取各STA的相邻关系，并根据相邻关系向各STA发送第三消息，第三消息中携带各STA对应的STA组的分组信息。
其中，分组信息可以包括：组标识、STA组中各成员STA的STA标识、 STA组中各成员STA的信道接入顺序。STA标识可以是STA的媒体访问控制(Media Access Control，简称MAC)地址或者STA的关联标识(Association identifier，简称AID)，AID的长度通常小于MAC地址的长度，本实施例中，优选的，STA标识为AID。另外，相邻关系指的是STA在地理位置上的相邻关系，例如图1中所示的，STA1与STA2相邻、STA2与STA3相邻、STA5与STA4和STA6相邻等。
具体的，VPAN部署时按STA的编号顺序进行部署，AP可以从视频监控中心获得STA的编号与其MAC地址的对应关系以及用STA的编号表示的STA之间的相邻关系，AP中存储有STA的MAC地址与AID的对应关系，据此，AP可以获取用STA的AID表示的STA之间的相邻关系。AP根据STA之间的相邻关系，可以为STA进行分组，STA组中成员的数量与相邻STA负载变化相关性有关。例如，STA1与STA2的负载变化强相关，而只与STA3弱相关，则只将STA1和STA2分为一组。其中，负载变化强相关指STA1的负载速率从高变到低时，STA2的负载速率随之从低变到高(可参见图4)。STA对应的STA组中各成员STA位置相邻，即表示STA对应的STA组中各成员STA的负载变化强相关。
本实施例中，AP可以通过信标帧或通告帧发送第三消息，具体的，AP可以在信标帧或通告帧中增加STA分组元素来告知各STA分组信息。STA接收到多个STA分组元素后，存储STA分组信息中涉及自己的分组信息。
图8为STA分组元素的格式示意图，如图8所示，STA分组元素包括：元素ID、长度和若干个STA分组字段。其中，元素ID字段指示STA分组元素的编号，长度字段指示STA分组元素的长度，两者均可以用1个八位位组表示，后续图示中关于字段所占位数不再进行详细说明；STA分组字段指示STA组的分组情况，具体格式参见图9和图10。
如图9所示，STA分组字段包括：STA分组控制字段和若干个AID字段，其中AID字段指示STA组中的成员STA的STA标识；STA分组控制字段如图10所示，包括：Group ID字段和STA个数字段。其中，Group ID为组标识，与STA AID类似；STA个数字段指示分到当前Group ID的STA组内STA的个数，与图9所示的STA分组字段的AID字段的个数相同。另外，图9中AID的先后顺序可以用来指示STA组中各成员STA的信道接入顺序，如 图9中，STA按照从AID1到AIDn的顺序接入信道。
需要说明的是，图8-图10所示的格式，只是一种示例性说明，并非用于限定本发明，后续关于元素格式的附图类似。
另外，本实施例中，AP进行STA分组时，分组信息中包含STA组中各成员的信道接入顺序，可以减少STA组中各成员竞争接入所产生的时延，进一步提高STA传输的实时性。相应的，每个STA对应的STA组为至少一个。
S202、第一STA接收AP发送的第三消息。
具体的，第一STA接收到AP发送的第三消息中携带的分组信息后，存储STA分组信息中涉及自己(即第一STA对应的STA组)的分组信息。
S203、第一STA向AP发送第六消息。
具体的，第一STA根据VBR编码可以检测到运动物体，当第一STA监测到运动物体后，可以向AP发送消息(即第六消息)，该消息具体可以是运动物体报告消息，其可携带在控制帧或者管理帧中(例如信息响应帧)发送给AP，为了便于理解，下面以第六消息为运动物体报告消息为例进行示例性说明。
在上述实施例中，AP可以通过主动检测第一STA的负载速率变化情况或者接收运动物体报告消息来确定负载速率变化信息，由于AP主动检测的结果存在滞后性，本实施例中，采用运动物体报告消息来实时确定负载速率变化信息，以保证AP及时为第一STA分配分组SP。
S204、AP接收第一STA发送的第六消息。
S205、AP根据第六消息，向第一STA对应的第一STA组中的各成员STA发送第二消息，第二消息中携带AP为第一STA对应的第一STA组分配的第一分组SP的分配信息。
如上述步骤S201中所述，第一STA对应的STA组为至少一个；本实施例中，AP接收到运动物体报告消息后，向第一STA对应的第一STA组中的各成员STA发送第一分组SP的分配信息，其中，第一STA组为第一STA对应的STA组中第一STA可首个接入信道的STA组，以保证通信需求较高的第一STA在尽早接入信道，减少竞争带来的时延。
具体的，分配信息包括以下信息的至少一项：组标识、分组SP的起始时间、分组SP的持续时间、分组SP类型，其中，分组SP类型用于指示STA 组中各成员STA的信道接入方式，信道接入方式可以包括：按预设顺序接入信道或按竞争方式接入信道。AP为第一STA组分配第一分组SP时，第二消息可以通过信标帧或通告帧等发送给第一STA组中各成员，更为具体的，AP可以通过信标帧或通告帧中的调度元素告知第一STA组中各成员第一分组SP的分配信息。
图11为调度元素的格式示意图，如图11所示，调度元素包括：元素ID、长度和若干个分配字段；其中，元素ID字段和长度字段与上述分组元素中元素ID字段和长度字段类似，分配字段指示SP(包括分组SP)的分配信息，其具体格式可参见图12。
如图12所示，分配字段具体包括：分配控制字段、源AID字段、目的AID字段、分配起始时间字段、分配持续时间字段。其中，源AID字段指示在分配的SP内通信的数据发送方的地址，例如可以为STA组的组标识Group ID；目的AID字段指示在分配的SP内通信的数据接收方的地址，例如可以为AP的标识；分配起始时间字段和分配持续时间字段指示分组SP的信道接入时间段。
如图13所示，分配控制字段具体又包括：分配ID、分配类型字段，其中，分配ID字段指示分配的SP的编号；分配类型字段指示分配的SP的信道接入方式，例如可以为上述分配信息中的分组SP类型，分配类型字段可能的取值可如表1所示。
表1分配类型字段值
Figure PCTCN2016079583-appb-000001
其中，SP分配、CBAP分配和动态SP(Dynamic SP，简称DSP)分配与现有技术一致。分组SP(类型1)可以表示信道接入方式为按预设顺序接入信道的分组SP，即STA组内除首个接入信道的STA之外的其它成员STA， 按STA分组元素指示的预设顺序在分组SP(类型2)的剩余时间内接入信道；分组SP(类型2)可以表示信道接入方式为按竞争方式接入信道的分组SP，即STA组内除首个接入信道的STA之外的其它成员STA，以竞争方式在分组SP(类型2)的剩余时间内接入信道。当分组类型为分组SP(类型2)时，STA组中的成员至少为三个。除非作为组内成员的STA发出授予帧以释放分组SP的剩余时间，否则分组SP只能由分组SP的所有者STA组内的STA，按照类型1或者类型2所使用。
以一个STA组包括三个成员(STA1、STA2、STA3)为例，类型1和类型2两种SP类型的使用可以遵循以下准则：如果AP可以准确预测STA组中STA的负载变化顺序，则使用类型1，否则，使用类型2。例如，STA1、STA2和STA3部署在无路口的单行路上，当STA1监测到一个运动物体后，该运动物体以高概率会出现在STA2和STA3的监控范围，则AP为STA1、STA2和STA3分配类型1的分组SP；而如果STA1、STA2和STA3部署在路口周边，AP无法预测当STA1监测到一个运动物体后，该运动物体是出现在STA2还是STA3的监控范围，则AP为STA1、STA2和STA3分配类型2的分组SP。
上述调度元素格式只是一种示例性说明，调度元素中还可以包含其他字段，此处不再详细说明。
另外，需要说明的是，AP在某个BI内接收到多个STA上报的运动物体报告消息时，则为上述多个STA都分配一个独立的分组SP，以使各个STA公平地使用分组SP，避免出现分组SP总被接入信道顺序靠前的STA持续优先占用，而接入信道顺序靠后的STA不能分享到信道时间的情况。例如：有多个运动物体持续按同一个方向顺序进入依次相邻的STA1，STA2，STA3的监控范围，AP在某个BI内同时接收到STA1，STA2上报的运动物体报告消息，则可以同时为STA1对应的STA1可首个接入信道的STA组(STA1，STA2)、STA2对应的STA2可首个接入信道的STA组(STA2，STA3)各分配一个分组SP，以防止STA1保持高负载而持续挤压STA2和STA3的信道时间。
S206、AP根据分组信息向第一STA组中除第一STA以外的其他成员STA发送第四消息。
具体的，AP接收到运动物体报告消息后，可以向第一STA组中除第一STA以外的其他成员STA发送第四消息，指示其他成员STA保持活跃状态，以使与第一STA相邻的STA在第一STA传送完数据后以及在各自监测到运动物体后的第一时间，就开始尝试接入信道，以减少因休眠而导致的监测到运动物体的高优先级数据不能立即发送而产生的时延。
为了便于说明，本实施例中，除了特殊说明，均以第一STA组包括第一STA和第二STA为例进行示例性说明，则本步骤中第一STA组中除第一STA以外的其他成员STA即为第二STA。
本实施例中，第四消息可以在AP获得控制权后以广播形式发送给第二STA，或者在确认帧中发送给第二STA。
需要说明的是，步骤S206与步骤S207之间没有严格的时序关系，只要在第二STA接入信道之前发送即可。
S207、第一STA接收AP发送的第二消息。
S208、第一STA根据第一分组SP的分配信息在第一分组SP内接入信道。
具体的，第一STA接收到第二消息中携带的第一分组SP的分配信息后，根据分配信息中的分组SP的起始时间、分组SP的持续时间在第一分组SP对应的时间段内接入信道。
S209、第一STA在第一分组SP内传送完数据后，发送组内授予帧。
具体的，第一STA在第一分组SP内传送完数据后，若有剩余时间，则可以向组内的其他成员STA发送组内授予帧，以指示其他成员STA接入信道。
图14为组内授予帧的格式示意图，如图14所示，组内授予帧包括：帧控制、持续期、接收地址RA、发送地址TA、分组SP控制和帧校验序列字段。其中，帧控制、持续期和帧校验序列字段的含义与VPAN标准中授予帧中相应字段的含义相同，此处不再赘述；RA字段指示接收STA的MAC地址，当期望发送给1个以上的目的STA时，该地址可以设置为广播地址，此时只有未曾接入过信道的组内其它STA应当接收该组内授予帧；TA字段指示发送STA(例如第一STA)的MAC地址；分组SP控制字段的具体格式可参见图15。
如图15所示，分组SP控制字段具体包括：剩余时间类型和剩余时间长 度。其中，剩余时间类型字段设置为0时，表示剩余时间类型为分组SP，为其他值时，表示剩余时间类型为竞争期；剩余时间长度字段表示分组SP所剩余的时间长度，单位为8微秒。
以步骤S205中一个STA组包括三个成员(STA1、STA2、STA3)为例，若分组SP为类型1，STA1发送完数据后，若有剩余时间，则向STA2发送组内授予帧，其中，组内授予帧的RA字段设置为STA2的MAC地址，TA字段设置为STA1的MAC地址，剩余时间类型字段设置为0；STA2发送完数据后，若有剩余时间，则向STA3发送组内授予帧，其中，组内授予帧的RA字段设置为STA3的MAC地址，TA字段设置为STA2的MAC地址，剩余时间类型字段设置为0；STA3发送完数据后，若还有剩余时间，则以广播形式发送授予帧，指示所有STA可以竞争接入。若分组SP为类型2，STA1发送完数据后，若有剩余时间，则向STA2和STA3发送组内授予帧，其中，组内授予帧的RA字段设置为广播地址，TA字段设置为STA1的MAC地址，剩余时间类型字段设置为非0。
S210、在预设时间后，AP向STA组中的第二STA对应的第二STA组中的各成员STA发送第五消息，第五消息中携带AP为第二STA对应的第二STA组分配的第二分组SP的分配信息。
其中，第二STA组为第二STA对应的STA组中第二STA可首个接入信道的STA组。
本实施例中，AP接收到STA发送的运动物体报告消息后，即会向STA分配分组SP，即AP接收到第二STA发送的运动物体报告消息后，会向第二STA分配分组SP。而如图4所示，第一STA和第二STA的负载速率存在此消彼长的关系，当AP接收到第一STA发送的运动物体报告消息后，可以预测第一STA的相邻STA(第二STA)也监测到该运动物体为高概率事件，因此，AP可以预先为第二STA分配信道时间。
具体的，AP可以根据历史经验预测第二STA监测到运动物体的时间，在第一次接收到第一STA发送的运动物体报告消息后，经过预估的预设时间，预先为第二STA对应的第二STA组分配第二分组SP，使得第二STA尽早接入信道。例如，AP可根据第二STA监测到的运动物体的运动速率，以及第一STA和第二STA之间的距离，估计第二STA监测到运动物体的时间间隔 作为所述预估的预设时间。
需要说明的是，如果AP能够准确推断运动物体即将进入第二STA，则可以在第二STA上报运动物体报告消息之前为第二STA组分配第二分组SP；否则，不可以提前为第二STA组分配第二分组SP。
本实施例相比现有技术，通过使AP不增加调度信令开销的情况下，通过将原本分配为广播地址SP或者竞争期的信道时间，重新分配为STA组的分组SP，使STA组内的各个STA可以根据各自的接入顺序和负载需求，既可以灵活地延长占用的SP时间，又可以灵活地截断SP，将剩余的SP时间分配给组内的其它以高概率具有高负载的成员STA，使STA组外的其它STA无需在分组SP内保持监听从而获得节能。本实施例中为STA组分配分组SP的信道接入机制，既可以保障发现视频监控目标的STA(即首个在分组SP接入信道的STA)的实时性传输需求，又通过STA组在组内成员之间自行完成分组SP的时间分配，节省了AP为广播地址SP进行动态分配的轮询开销，以及减少了大量其它STA因为监听广播地址SP或者在竞争期内竞争而导致的监听/竞争能耗。
图16为本发明提供的AP的结构示意图，如图16所示，本实施例中的AP包括：
处理模块110，用于获取第一站点STA的负载速率变化信息；
发送模块120，用于根据负载速率变化信息，向第一STA对应的STA组中的各成员STA发送第一消息，第一消息中携带AP为第一STA对应的STA组分配的分组SP的分配信息；第一消息用于指示STA组中各成员STA根据分配信息在分组SP内接入信道，STA组中的各成员STA位置相邻。
作为本发明一种具体的实施方式，第一STA对应的STA组为至少一个，发送模块120具体用于：根据负载速率变化信息，向第一STA对应的第一STA组中的各成员STA发送第二消息，第二消息中携带AP为第一STA对应的第一STA组分配的第一分组SP的分配信息；第二消息用于指示第一STA组中各成员STA根据第一分组SP对应的分配信息在第一分组SP内接入信道，第一STA组为第一STA对应的STA组中第一STA可首个接入信道的STA组。
进一步的，处理模块110还用于：在获取STA的负载速率变化信息之前， 获取各STA的相邻关系，并根据相邻关系指示发送模块120向各STA发送第三消息，第三消息中携带各STA对应的STA组的分组信息。
发送模块120还用于：在处理模块110获取第一STA的负载速率变化信息之后，根据分组信息向第一STA组中除第一STA以外的其他成员STA发送第四消息，所述第四消息用于指示接收第四消息的STA保持活跃状态。
在本发明的一实施例中，第二消息还用于指示第一STA在第一分组SP内传送完数据后，发送组内授予帧；组内授予帧用于指示第一STA组中除第一STA以外的其他成员STA在第一分组SP的剩余时间内接入信道。
发送模块120还用于：在预设时间后，向第一STA组中的第二STA对应的第二STA组中的各成员STA发送第五消息，第五消息中携带AP为所述第二STA对应的第二STA组分配的第二分组SP的分配信息，第二STA组为第二STA对应的STA组中第二STA可首个接入信道的STA组。
可选的，AP还包括：接收模块130，用于接收第一STA发送的第六消息，第六消息用于处理模块110确定负载速率变化信息。
本实施例中，分组信息可以包括：组标识、STA组中各成员STA的STA标识、STA组中各成员STA的信道接入顺序。
分配信息可以包括以下信息的至少一项：组标识、分组SP的起始时间、分组SP的持续时间、分组SP类型，分组SP类型用于指示STA组中各成员STA的信道接入方式。
信道接入方式可以包括：按预设顺序接入信道或按竞争方式接入信道。
本发明实施例提供的AP，可以执行上述方法实施例，其实现原理和技术效果类似，此处不再赘述。
图17为本发明提供的STA的结构示意图，如图17所示，本实施例中的STA，包括：
接收模块210，用于接收接入点AP发送的第一消息，第一消息中携带AP根据STA的负载速率变化信息为STA对应的STA组分配的分组SP的分配信息，STA组中的各成员STA位置相邻；
处理模块220，用于根据分配信息在分组SP内接入信道。
作为本发明一种具体的实施方式，STA对应的STA组为至少一个，接收 模块210具体用于：接收AP发送的第二消息，第二消息中携带AP根据STA的负载速率变化信息为STA对应的第一STA组分配的第一分组SP的分配信息，第一STA组为STA对应的STA组中STA可首个接入信道的STA组。
进一步的，接收模块210还用于：在接收AP发送的分组SP的分配信息之前，接收AP发送的第三消息，第三消息中携带STA对应的STA组的分组信息，分组信息是AP根据获取的各STA的相邻关系确定的。
在本发明的一实施例中，接收模块210还用于：接收AP发送的第四消息，所述第四消息用于指示STA保持活跃状态，第四消息是AP在为STA对应的STA组中除STA组以外的其他STA组分配分组SP时发送的。
作为本发明一种可选的实施方式，STA还包括：
发送模块230，用于在分组SP内传送完数据后，发送组内授予帧；组内授予帧用于指示STA组中除STA以外的其他成员STA在分组SP的剩余时间内接入信道。
可选的，接收模块210还用于：接收AP发送的第五消息，第五消息中携带AP为第二STA对应的第二STA组分配的第二分组SP的分配信息，第二分组SP的分配信息是AP在为STA对应STA组中除STA组以外的其他STA组分配完分组SP后，再经过预设时间后发送的。
发送模块230还用于：在接收模块210接收AP发送的第二消息之前，向AP发送第六消息，第六消息用于AP确定负载速率变化信息。
本实施例中，分组信息可以包括：组标识、STA组中各成员STA的STA标识、STA组中各成员STA的信道接入顺序。
分配信息可以包括以下信息的至少一项：组标识、分组SP的起始时间、分组SP的持续时间、分组SP类型，分组SP类型用于指示STA组中各成员STA的信道接入方式。
信道接入方式可以包括：按预设顺序接入信道或按竞争方式接入信道。
本发明实施例提供的STA，可以执行上述方法实施例，其实现原理和技术效果类似，此处不再赘述。
图18为本发明提供的AP实施例二的结构示意图，如图18所示，本实施例中的AP300包括：
处理器310，用于获取第一站点STA的负载速率变化信息；
发送器320，用于根据负载速率变化信息，向第一STA对应的STA组中的各成员STA发送第一消息，第一消息中携带AP为第一STA对应的STA组分配的分组SP的分配信息；第一消息用于指示STA组中各成员STA根据分配信息在分组SP内接入信道，STA组中的各成员STA位置相邻。
作为本发明一种具体的实施方式，第一STA对应的STA组为至少一个，发送器320具体用于：根据负载速率变化信息，向第一STA对应的第一STA组中的各成员STA发送第二消息，第二消息中携带AP为第一STA对应的第一STA组分配的第一分组SP的分配信息；第二消息用于指示第一STA组中各成员STA根据第一分组SP对应的分配信息在第一分组SP内接入信道，第一STA组为第一STA对应的STA组中第一STA可首个接入信道的STA组。
进一步的，处理器310还用于：在获取STA的负载速率变化信息之前，获取各STA的相邻关系，并根据相邻关系指示发送器320向各STA发送第三消息，第三消息中携带各STA对应的STA组的分组信息。
发送器320还用于：在处理器310获取第一STA的负载速率变化信息之后，根据分组信息向第一STA组中除第一STA以外的其他成员STA发送第四消息，所述第四消息用于指示接收第四消息的STA保持活跃状态。
在本发明的一实施例中，第二消息还用于指示第一STA在第一分组SP内传送完数据后，发送组内授予帧；组内授予帧用于指示第一STA组中除第一STA以外的其他成员STA在第一分组SP的剩余时间内接入信道。
发送器320还用于：在预设时间后，向第一STA组中的第二STA对应的第二STA组中的各成员STA发送第五消息，第五消息中携带AP为所述第二STA对应的第二STA组分配的第二分组SP的分配信息，第二STA组为第二STA对应的STA组中第二STA可首个接入信道的STA组。
可选的，AP300还包括：接收器330，用于接收第一STA发送的第六消息，第六消息用于处理器310确定负载速率变化信息。
本实施例中，分组信息可以包括：组标识、STA组中各成员STA的STA标识、STA组中各成员STA的信道接入顺序。
分配信息可以包括以下信息的至少一项：组标识、分组SP的起始时间、分组SP的持续时间、分组SP类型，分组SP类型用于指示STA组中各成员 STA的信道接入方式。
信道接入方式可以包括：按预设顺序接入信道或按竞争方式接入信道。
本发明实施例提供的AP，可以执行上述方法实施例，其实现原理和技术效果类似，此处不再赘述。
图19为本发明提供的STA实施例二的结构示意图，如图19所示，本实施例中的STA400，包括：
接收器410，用于接收接入点AP发送的第一消息，第一消息中携带AP根据STA的负载速率变化信息为STA对应的STA组分配的分组SP的分配信息，STA组中的各成员STA位置相邻；
处理器420，用于根据分配信息在分组SP内接入信道。
作为本发明一种具体的实施方式，STA对应的STA组为至少一个，接收器410具体用于：接收AP发送的第二消息，第二消息中携带AP根据STA的负载速率变化信息为STA对应的第一STA组分配的第一分组SP的分配信息，第一STA组为STA对应的STA组中STA可首个接入信道的STA组。
进一步的，接收器410还用于：在接收AP发送的分组SP的分配信息之前，接收AP发送的第三消息，第三消息中携带STA对应的STA组的分组信息，分组信息是AP根据获取的各STA的相邻关系确定的。
在本发明的一实施例中，接收器410还用于：接收AP发送的第四消息，所述第四消息用于指示STA保持活跃状态，第四消息是AP在为STA对应的STA组中除STA组以外的其他STA组分配分组SP时发送的。
作为本发明一种可选的实施方式，STA400还包括：
发送器430，用于在分组SP内传送完数据后，发送组内授予帧；组内授予帧用于指示STA组中除STA以外的其他成员STA在分组SP的剩余时间内接入信道。
可选的，接收器410还用于：接收AP发送的第五消息，第五消息中携带AP为第二STA对应的第二STA组分配的第二分组SP的分配信息，第二分组SP的分配信息是AP在为STA对应STA组中除STA组以外的其他STA组分配完分组SP后，再经过预设时间后发送的。
发送器430还用于：在接收器410接收AP发送的第二消息之前，向AP 发送第六消息，第六消息用于AP确定负载速率变化信息。
本实施例中，分组信息可以包括：组标识、STA组中各成员STA的STA标识、STA组中各成员STA的信道接入顺序。
分配信息可以包括以下信息的至少一项：组标识、分组SP的起始时间、分组SP的持续时间、分组SP类型，分组SP类型用于指示STA组中各成员STA的信道接入方式。
信道接入方式可以包括：按预设顺序接入信道或按竞争方式接入信道。
本发明实施例提供的STA，可以执行上述方法实施例，其实现原理和技术效果类似，此处不再赘述。
本发明一实施例提供一种信道接入系统，该系统包括：上述图16所示实施例中的AP和图17所示的实施例中的STA。
具体的，STA为至少一个，AP和若干个STA构成星型拓扑。该系统可以执行上述方法实施例，其实现原理和技术效果类似，此处不再赘述。
本发明一实施例还提供一种信道接入系统，该系统包括：上述图18所示实施例中的AP和图19所示的实施例中的STA。
具体的，STA为至少一个，AP和若干个STA构成星型拓扑。该系统可以执行上述方法实施例，其实现原理和技术效果类似，此处不再赘述。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (41)

  1. 一种信道接入方法，其特征在于，包括：
    接入点AP获取第一站点STA的负载速率变化信息；
    所述AP根据所述负载速率变化信息，向所述第一STA对应的STA组中的各成员STA发送第一消息，所述第一消息中携带所述AP为所述第一STA对应的STA组分配的分组服务期SP的分配信息；所述第一消息用于指示所述STA组中各成员STA根据所述分配信息在所述分组SP内接入信道，所述STA组中的各成员STA位置相邻。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的信道接入方法，其特征在于，所述第一STA对应的STA组为至少一个，所述AP根据所述负载速率变化信息向所述STA对应的STA组中的各成员STA发送第一消息，具体包括：
    所述AP根据所述负载速率变化信息，向所述第一STA对应的第一STA组中的各成员STA发送第二消息，所述第二消息中携带所述AP为所述第一STA对应的第一STA组分配的第一分组SP的分配信息；所述第二消息用于指示所述第一STA组中各成员STA根据所述第一分组SP对应的分配信息在所述第一分组SP内接入信道，所述第一STA组为所述第一STA对应的STA组中所述第一STA可首个接入信道的STA组。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的信道接入方法，其特征在于，在所述AP获取STA的负载速率变化信息之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述AP获取各STA的相邻关系，并根据所述相邻关系向各所述STA发送第三消息，所述第三消息中携带各所述STA对应的STA组的分组信息。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的信道接入方法，其特征在于，在所述AP获取第一STA的负载速率变化信息之后，所述方法还包括：
    所述AP根据所述分组信息向所述第一STA组中除所述第一STA以外的其他成员STA发送第四消息，所述第四消息用于指示接收所述第四消息的STA保持活跃状态。
  5. 根据权利要求2-4任一项所述的信道接入方法，其特征在于，所述第二消息还用于指示所述第一STA在所述第一分组SP内传送完数据后，发送组内授予帧；所述组内授予帧用于指示所述第一STA组中除所述第一STA以外的其他成员STA在所述第一分组SP的剩余时间内接入信道。
  6. 根据权利要求2-5任一项所述的信道接入方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    在预设时间后，所述AP向所述第一STA组中的第二STA对应的第二STA组中的各成员STA发送第五消息，所述第五消息中携带所述AP为所述第二STA对应的第二STA组分配的第二分组SP的分配信息，所述第二STA组为所述第二STA对应的STA组中所述第二STA可首个接入信道的STA组。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的信道接入方法，其特征在于，所述AP获取第一STA的负载速率变化信息，具体包括：
    所述AP接收所述第一STA发送的第六消息，所述第六消息用于所述AP确定所述负载速率变化信息。
  8. 根据权利要求3-7任一项所述的信道接入方法，其特征在于，所述分组信息包括：组标识、STA组中各成员STA的STA标识、STA组中各成员STA的信道接入顺序。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的信道接入方法，其特征在于，所述分配信息包括以下信息的至少一项：组标识、分组SP的起始时间、分组SP的持续时间、分组SP类型，所述分组SP类型用于指示STA组中各成员STA的信道接入方式。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的信道接入方法，其特征在于，所述信道接入方式包括：按预设顺序接入信道或按竞争方式接入信道。
  11. 一种信道接入方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第一站点STA接收接入点AP发送的第一消息，所述第一消息中携带所述AP根据所述负载速率变化信息为所述第一STA对应的STA组分配的分组服务期SP的分配信息，所述STA组中的各成员STA位置相邻；
    所述第一STA根据所述分配信息在所述分组SP内接入信道。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的信道接入方法，其特征在于，所述第一STA对应的STA组为至少一个，所述第一STA接收AP发送的分组服务期SP的第一消息，具体包括：
    所述第一STA接收所述AP发送的第二消息，所述第二消息中携带所述AP根据所述负载速率变化信息为所述第一STA对应的第一STA组分配的第一分组SP的分配信息，所述第一STA组为所述第一STA对应的STA组中 所述第一STA可首个接入信道的STA组。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的信道接入方法，其特征在于，在所述第一STA接收所述AP发送的第一分组SP的分配信息之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一STA接收所述AP发送的第三消息，所述第三消息中携带所述第一STA对应的STA组的分组信息，所述分组信息是所述AP根据获取的各STA的相邻关系确定的。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的信道接入方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一STA接收所述AP发送的第四消息，所述第四消息用于指示STA保持活跃状态，所述第四消息是所述AP在为所述第一STA对应的STA组中除所述第一STA组以外的其他STA组分配分组SP时发送的。
  15. 根据权利要求12-14任一项所述的信道接入方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一STA在所述第一分组SP内传送完数据后，发送组内授予帧；所述组内授予帧用于指示所述第一STA组中除所述第一STA以外的其他成员STA在所述第一分组SP的剩余时间内接入信道。
  16. 根据权利要求12-15任一项所述的信道接入方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一STA接收所述AP发送的第五消息，所述第五消息中携带所述AP为所述第二STA对应的第二STA组分配的第二分组SP的分配信息，所述第五消息是所述AP在为所述第一STA对应STA组中除所述第一STA组以外的其他STA组分配完分组SP后，再经过预设时间后发送的。
  17. 根据权利要求11-16任一项所述的信道接入方法，其特征在于，在所述第一STA接收所述AP发送的分组SP的分配信息之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一STA向所述AP发送第六消息，所述第六消息用于所述AP确定所述负载速率变化信息。
  18. 根据权利要求13-17任一项所述的信道接入方法，其特征在于，所述分组信息包括：组标识、STA组中各成员STA的STA标识、STA组中各成员STA的信道接入顺序。
  19. 根据权利要求11-18任一项所述的信道接入方法，其特征在于，所述分配信息包括以下信息的至少一项：组标识、分组SP的起始时间、分组SP的持续时间、分组SP类型，所述分组SP类型用于指示STA组中各成员STA的信道接入方式。
  20. 根据权利要求20所述的信道接入方法，其特征在于，所述信道接入方式包括：按预设顺序接入信道或按竞争方式接入信道。
  21. 一种接入点AP，其特征在于，包括：
    处理模块，用于获取第一站点STA的负载速率变化信息；
    发送模块，用于根据所述负载速率变化信息，向所述第一STA对应的STA组中的各成员STA发送第一消息，所述第一消息中携带所述AP为所述第一STA对应的STA组分配的分组服务期SP的分配信息；所述第一消息用于指示所述STA组中各成员STA根据所述分配信息在所述分组SP内接入信道，所述STA组中的各成员STA位置相邻。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的AP，其特征在于，所述第一STA对应的STA组为至少一个，所述发送模块具体用于：
    根据所述负载速率变化信息，向所述第一STA对应的第一STA组中的各成员STA发送第二消息，所述第二消息中携带所述AP为所述第一STA对应的第一STA组分配的第一分组SP的分配信息；所述第二消息用于指示所述第一STA组中各成员STA根据所述第一分组SP对应的分配信息在所述第一分组SP内接入信道，所述第一STA组为所述第一STA对应的STA组中所述第一STA可首个接入信道的STA组。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的AP，其特征在于，所述处理模块还用于：
    在获取STA的负载速率变化信息之前，获取各STA的相邻关系，并根据所述相邻关系指示所述发送模块向各所述STA发送第三消息，所述第三消息中携带各所述STA对应的STA组的分组信息。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的AP，其特征在于，所述发送模块还用于：
    在所述处理模块获取第一STA的负载速率变化信息之后，根据所述分组信息向所述第一STA组中除所述第一STA以外的其他成员STA发送第四消息，所述第四消息用于指示接收所述第四消息的STA保持活跃状态。
  25. 根据权利要求22-24任一项所述的AP，其特征在于，所述第二消息 还用于指示所述第一STA在所述第一分组SP内传送完数据后，发送组内授予帧；所述组内授予帧用于指示所述第一STA组中除所述第一STA以外的其他成员STA在所述第一分组SP的剩余时间内接入信道。
  26. 根据权利要求22-25任一项所述的AP，其特征在于，所述发送模块还用于：
    在预设时间后，向所述第一STA组中的第二STA对应的第二STA组中的各成员STA发送第五消息，所述第五消息中携带所述AP为所述第二STA对应的第二STA组分配的第二分组SP的分配信息，所述第二STA组为所述第二STA对应的STA组中所述第二STA可首个接入信道的STA组。
  27. 根据权利要求21-26任一项所述的AP，其特征在于，还包括：
    接收模块，用于接收所述第一STA发送的第六消息，所述第六消息用于所述处理模块确定所述负载速率变化信息。
  28. 根据权利要求23-27任一项所述的AP，其特征在于，所述分组信息包括：组标识、STA组中各成员STA的STA标识、STA组中各成员STA的信道接入顺序。
  29. 根据权利要求21-28任一项所述的AP，其特征在于，所述分配信息包括以下信息的至少一项：组标识、分组SP的起始时间、分组SP的持续时间、分组SP类型，所述分组SP类型用于指示STA组中各成员STA的信道接入方式。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的AP，其特征在于，所述信道接入方式包括：按预设顺序接入信道或按竞争方式接入信道。
  31. 一种站点STA，其特征在于，包括：
    接收模块，用于接收接入点AP发送的第一消息，所述第一消息中携带所述AP根据所述STA的负载速率变化信息为所述STA对应的STA组分配的分组服务期SP的分配信息，所述STA组中的各成员STA位置相邻；
    处理模块，用于根据所述分配信息在所述分组SP内接入信道。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的STA，其特征在于，所述STA对应的STA组为至少一个，所述接收模块具体用于：
    接收所述AP发送的第二消息，所述第二消息中携带所述AP根据所述STA的负载速率变化信息为所述STA对应的第一STA组分配的第一分组SP 的分配信息，所述第一STA组为所述STA对应的STA组中所述STA可首个接入信道的STA组。
  33. 根据权利要求32所述的STA，其特征在于，所述接收模块还用于：
    在接收所述AP发送的分组SP的分配信息之前，接收所述AP发送的第三消息，所述第三消息中携带所述STA对应的STA组的分组信息，所述分组信息是所述AP根据获取的各STA的相邻关系确定的。
  34. 根据权利要求32或33所述的STA，其特征在于，所述接收模块还用于：
    接收所述AP发送的第四消息，所述第四消息用于指示STA保持活跃状态，所述第四消息是所述AP在为所述STA对应的STA组中除所述STA组以外的其他STA组分配分组SP时发送的。
  35. 根据权利要求32-34任一项所述的STA，其特征在于，所述STA还包括：
    发送模块，用于在所述分组SP内传送完数据后，发送组内授予帧；所述组内授予帧用于指示所述STA组中除所述STA以外的其他成员STA在所述分组SP的剩余时间内接入信道。
  36. 根据权利要求32-35任一项所述的STA，其特征在于，所述接收模块还用于：
    接收所述AP发送的第五消息，所述第五消息中携带所述AP为所述第二STA对应的第二STA组分配的第二分组SP的分配信息，所述第五消息是所述AP在为所述STA对应STA组中除所述STA组以外的其他STA组分配完分组SP后，再经过预设时间后发送的。
  37. 根据权利要求35或36所述的STA，其特征在于，所述发送模块还用于：
    在所述接收模块接收所述AP发送的第二消息之前，向所述AP发送第六消息，所述第六消息用于所述AP确定所述负载速率变化信息。
  38. 根据权利要求33-37任一项所述的STA，其特征在于，所述分组信息包括：组标识、STA组中各成员STA的STA标识、STA组中各成员STA的信道接入顺序。
  39. 根据权利要求31-38任一项所述的STA，其特征在于，所述分配信 息包括以下信息的至少一项：组标识、分组SP的起始时间、分组SP的持续时间、分组SP类型，所述分组SP类型用于指示STA组中各成员STA的信道接入方式。
  40. 根据权利要求39所述的STA，其特征在于，所述信道接入方式包括：按预设顺序接入信道或按竞争方式接入信道。
  41. 一种信道接入系统，其特征在于，包括：如权利要求21-30任一项所述的接入点AP和如权利要求31-40任一项所述的站点STA。
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