WO2017174848A1 - Movable power socket with safety protective system and energising and de-energising system - Google Patents

Movable power socket with safety protective system and energising and de-energising system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017174848A1
WO2017174848A1 PCT/ES2017/070206 ES2017070206W WO2017174848A1 WO 2017174848 A1 WO2017174848 A1 WO 2017174848A1 ES 2017070206 W ES2017070206 W ES 2017070206W WO 2017174848 A1 WO2017174848 A1 WO 2017174848A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plug
lever
interlocking bar
plug base
electromagnet
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2017/070206
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ricardo Oliva Chica
Original Assignee
Ricardo Oliva Chica
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ricardo Oliva Chica filed Critical Ricardo Oliva Chica
Publication of WO2017174848A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017174848A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/66—Structural association with built-in electrical component
    • H01R13/70—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch
    • H01R13/713—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch the switch being a safety switch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/20—Interlocking, locking, or latching mechanisms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/44—Means for preventing access to live contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/66—Structural association with built-in electrical component
    • H01R13/70—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch
    • H01R13/713—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch the switch being a safety switch
    • H01R13/7135—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch the switch being a safety switch with ground fault protector
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/66—Structural association with built-in electrical component
    • H01R13/70—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch
    • H01R13/713—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch the switch being a safety switch
    • H01R13/7137—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch the switch being a safety switch with thermal interrupter

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a movable plug base with safety protection and its activation and deactivation system, which, due to its conformation, characteristics and operation, improves the mechanisms and systems existing in the market and everything that is part of the corresponding state of the art.
  • This invention is part of the electricity sector, in the field of manufacturing electrical equipment and in particular plugs and sockets.
  • the object of this patent is a plug base that is characterized by being movable, that is to say movable in any direction, in a rotating, lateral, oblique, ascending or descending movement, such movement being executed by the external part of the plug base , either internally or both, fulfilling a double function to ensure safety both in the state of rest and in the active state, incorporating mechanical locking means that make it an inoperative element when there is no plug plugged in and also incorporating mechanical / electrical means that deactivate the current flow at the moment when, when a plug is plugged in, a current leakage, overload, short circuit or any electrical fault occurs in the device or in the installation (wiring up to the plug).
  • the technical solution applied is to link, by mechanical / electrical means, an interlocking bar with a stopcock integrated both elements in the plug base. State of the art
  • An outlet by definition, is one of the parts that make up the electrical connection elements commonly referred to as plugs, in particular it is the part that acts as a female plug and that consists of a body of insulating material, usually anchored to the wall, at first sight or recessed and it has two holes in which metal parts or bushings are located and in which the metal rods that are part of the plug or plug are inserted male, creating the electrical circuit, the power outlet being related and fixed to the power grid.
  • This outlet is made up of several models or designs, either in individual units or in groups of at least two sockets that allow more than one male plug to be connected simultaneously, called multiple bases, which include several sockets in one same piece, generally located in a linear arrangement (strips) but they also exist in other conformations and special distributions of the power outlets, these multiple bases being equally placed in sight either recessed or also in a mobile format, being in this case equipped of a cable that in turn connects them with a fixed base connected to the mains.
  • the outlet is always a cavity of sufficient depth that acts as a receiver of the plug or plug, which is completely inserted into the outlet.
  • the main problem of the power outlet is that it is usually located at points of easy accessibility, being elements that, due to their nature itself, are continuous steps of electric current with the consequent risk of receiving an electric shock if something is introduced simultaneously in both holes.
  • one of the most affected groups is that of children, whether out of curiosity, accident or simply because they are not aware of the danger.
  • plug protectors for and for child safety. This is the case of tubular plastic parts that are inserted into the holes of the outlet, plugging them, or fixed or rotating covers that fit just above the socket of the outlet, covering it and preventing access to the holes.
  • these are pieces added and / or superimposed on the power outlet that the child can manipulate if he insists on it since, as previously mentioned, the power outlet is usually positioned in areas accessible to the child.
  • the utility model ES1048167 presents a "Protector for electrical outlets” comprising "a separating plate with insulating characteristics that centrally houses a disk with a capacity to turn on itself, integral with the carrier plate by means of elements that act as peripheral springs , which give it a determined position of rest, said disk having holes for the passage of the plug plugs, which, in the rest position, are displaced with respect to the plug holes of the base, making the plug impossible until having overcome the effect of the elements that act as peripheral springs by turning the disc, after having inserted the pins into it ".
  • European patent ES2344630 develops an "Electrical safety plug with logic control circuit", in particular a “female plug connected to an intelligent circuit by transforming the female plug into a logically controlled device, with the intelligent circuit mounted inside or at along an approved or standard type female socket, so that the female socket itself can be installed in the same or similar manner as any female socket installed and comprising at least one sensor to control the proper and complete insertion of the male plug consisting of two sensors, two channels that connect the radiation source to the respective friction contact openings, the two sensors being arranged in the female socket in the vicinity of the respective friction contact openings opposite their channels partners.
  • This invention patent develops a movable plug base with safety protection and its activation and deactivation system, which has a movable character and comprises mechanical / electrical means that allow said base to be in an inactive situation, without current flow, when not a plug is plugged in and simultaneously the same means allow, if the base is activated and in case of alteration of the electric current, a malfunction of the plugged in device or any other circumstance, a stopcock is activated (for example differential switch, circuit breaker or other) that blocks the passage of current and deactivates the base of the plug, all from the same structure of the base of the plug.
  • a stopcock is activated (for example differential switch, circuit breaker or other) that blocks the passage of current and deactivates the base of the plug, all from the same structure of the base of the plug.
  • the socket or female socket maintains the normalized conformation as a body or support of non-conductive / insulating material, preferably plastic or similar and of an individual nature, surface, anchored to the wall with the naked eye, or embedded, or as part with multiple bases or strips, in any case with two centrally arranged external holes where metal parts or bushes are located that will be receivers of the metal rods carried by the plug or plug.
  • this movable plug base has an interlocking and unlocking system with a mechanism comprising at least one mobile central plate, an interlocking bar, a switch / stopcock and a return system.
  • the mobile central plate has the capacity to move in a rotating, lateral, oblique, ascending or descending movement, such movement being executed by the external part of the plug base, by its internal part or by both when inserting the plug of the male plug .
  • the stopcock is of the differential switch type, it comprises a toroidal coil connected by electric wires with an electromagnet that includes a nail or, where appropriate, a locking recess.
  • the stopcock is of the circuit breaker type, it comprises a coil in series with an internal ferric shaft and a thermally deformable bimetallic plate. Other types of stopcocks are equally operative.
  • the interlocking bar is intended to engage with the switch / stopcock and the return system, preferably formed by springs, strapping or the like, allows the moving parts of the plug base to be moved to its original position when the system is activated. of unlocking.
  • the interlocking of the plug base is of a mechanical nature and is activated with the simultaneous performance of different actions. To allow the passage of the current it is necessary to introduce the metal rods of the plug of the male plug into the holes of the central plate of the plug base with a movement that translates it, in a rotation, lateral, etc.
  • This interlocking bar which has at least one deformation specified in a notch or a spike according to the type of switch / stopcock, is the element that will finally allow the plug base to return to its original position in the event of any incident in the passage of current in which the above-mentioned stopcock integrated in the socket base will be activated.
  • said displacement of the central plate of the base of the plug is specified in a rotating movement, comprising a spring and / or electromechanical system that allows the displacement and return of the base and an electromechanical system, for example of levers, which allow the activation and / or deactivation of the passage of electric current.
  • the electrical appliance (dryer, stove, fan, refrigerator, etc.) works.
  • the electric unlocking occurs by magnetism since the toroidal coil (consisting of copper wire wound on a core) is decompensated, creating a magnetic field that affects the electromagnet whose nail acts on the lever (or on the interlocking bar in the absence of a lever) pushing it and forcing it to separate from the barb of the interlocking bar, releasing it, so that said interlocking bar is no longer retained and, by means of the spring system, jumps and rotates together with the movable center plate of the base of the plug, thus leaving this plug disconnected and the device turned off.
  • the electric unlocking occurs by magnetism and / or by heating according to the electrical incidence.
  • the electrical system of the plug base includes a circuit breaker comprising a series winding and a bimetallic plate.
  • the ferric axis of the winding by means of a magnetic field, attracts a metal plate linked to the lever, releasing the interlocking bar and getting that, with the spring system, jump and move the central plate movable from the base of the plug, which is disconnected.
  • the bimetallic plate formed by two metals of different coefficient of dilation
  • Figure 2. Diagram of a plug base activated in standard version (differential type / electromagnet stopcock)
  • Figure 3 Scheme of a deactivated plug base with an external keypad integrated in the same plug and sliding system movement (differential / electromagnet type stopcock)
  • Figure 4. Diagram of an activated socket base with external keypad integrated in the same plug and sliding system movement (differential / electromagnet type stopcock)
  • Figure 6. Diagram of an activated socket base with a separate external keypad and lateral displacement of the system (differential / electromagnet type stopcock)
  • Figure 7. Diagram of a deactivated socket base with a magnetothermal type type of stopcock
  • FIG. 8 Diagram of an activated socket base with a magnetothermic type stopcock Preferred Embodiment of the Invention
  • the object of this invention patent is a movable plug base with safety protection and activation and deactivation system, which comprises mechanical / electrical means for activating and deactivating it safely. when you insert or remove the plug plugs and simultaneously have a safety system against current leakage or any electrical anomaly from the electrical appliance to the plug that automatically deactivates it.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a deactivated plug base, that is to say, unlocked, in the rest position, without current flow and without any plug connected, while in figure 2 the same activated plug base is shown. , that is to say, interlocked, with current and a plug, in both cases with a differential switch.
  • the plug base formed by a movable central plate (1) with displacement capacity is shown, which has both parallel and external holes (2) in which the metal rods are inserted the plug, these parallel holes (2) being connected with contacts (4a) protruding from the central plate and which are intended to touch other contacts (4b) linked to the electric wires (9). Internally the holes are offset since it will be with the rotation of the central plate (1) when its position is adjusted.
  • This mobile central plate (1) is related to the interlocking system in which other elements integrated in the plug base intervene, in particular an interlocking bar (5) located adjacent to the mobile central plate (1) and connected to the same, a barb (10) protruding from the structure of said interlocking bar (5) and a lever-like part (6) being placed in a nearby area, in this example of a wavy conformation, with at least one tooth (13) .
  • the differential switch Located in its housing is the differential switch, which includes a toroidal coil (8a) related to standardized electrical cables (9) and linked by means of electrical wires (19) with an electromagnet (7) with a sliding nail (1 1) located in an area close to the lever (6) described.
  • a return system in particular a spring system comprising a first spring of return (3) centrally located in the central plate (1) and a second, smaller spring (12) related to the lever (6).
  • the interlocking of the plug base is achieved with several simultaneous actions that begin by inserting the plug into the parallel holes (2) with a movement of movement that in this embodiment is rotatable, which allows the contacts (4a) to be joined (4b), closing the electrical circuit and allowing the passage of electric current.
  • the deactivation system that is, the unlocking
  • the toroidal coil (8a) is decompensated creating a magnetic field that is transmitted through of the electric wires (19) to the electromagnet (7) whose nail (1 1) jumps and protrudes, pushes the lever (6) that, by the action of the smaller spring (12), bounces, releases the pick (10) of the interlocking bar (5) and automatically, the mobile central plate (1), by the action of the return spring (3), rotates and the contacts (4a) and (4b) are separated, interrupting the passage of electric current and returning to the inactive position of figure 1.
  • Figures 3 and 4 show a schematic view of a deactivated and activated plug base, respectively, with an external keypad integrated in the same plug base, with a sliding system movement, both with a differential / electromagnet type stopcock.
  • the activation of the plug base that is, the interlocking system
  • the plug base is started with the introduction of the male plug rods, but is also capable of being activated with an externally integrated push button or button (15) in the socket base housing, in one embodiment in which the displacement of the interlocking and unlocking systems is sliding.
  • the intermediate lever (6) is removed, with the interlocking bar (5) presenting in this case a notch (16) suitably sized to fit with the sliding nail (1 1) of the electromagnet (7) of the differential switch, with the return spring (3) integrated in the button or button (15) that is compressed and decompressed sequentially by pressing or releasing such button or push button (15).
  • the interlocking / unlocking part that moves is the electromagnet (7) integral with the button or button (15).
  • FIG. 5 A schematic view of a deactivated and activated plug base, respectively, with an external keypad separated from the base and with lateral displacement of the system and with a stopcock of the differential / electromagnet type is shown in Figures 5 and 6.
  • the interlocking and unlocking system described above is activated, which is activated, either by inserting the plug or by pressing a separate button or button (15) located near the outlet.
  • This button or button (15) is linked to the interlocking bar (5), which moves laterally to approximate the contacts (4a) and (4b) and crimp its pin (10) with the lever (6).
  • the nail (1 1) protruding from the electromagnet (7) of the differential switch (11) is kept separate from the lever (6).
  • Figures 7 and 8 show a diagram of a plug base incorporating a stopcock of the circuit breaker type, with the plug base being deactivated, that is, unlocked, in the rest position, with no current in the figure. 7 and said plug base being activated, that is, locked, with current passage in Figure 8.
  • the interlocking system is similar to that already described.
  • the displacement of the central plate (1) by inserting the plugs of the male plug into the parallel holes (2) activates the current passage by joining the contacts (4a) and (4b), drag the interlocking bar (5) from which the spike (10) (or notch (16), if applicable) is designed to connect with the tooth (13) of the lever (6), which, in turn, It is arranged in such a way that it contacts the bimetallic plate (14) of the circuit breaker related to the coil (8b) with an inner ferric shaft (18) that is kept in the rest position, hidden.
  • the lever (5) is integral with a metal plate (17).
  • a first safety system allows the movable plug base to be inactive when there is no plug inserted, that is, without an electrical current passage and that, in addition, if a displacement (rotation, etc.) of the central plate is necessary to activate the current is still inactive even when it is introduced simultaneously - at the same time - any metallic or non-metallic element in these holes. In this way, it is impossible for the plug base to have a power outlet when there is no plug inserted or if a child puts his fingers in the holes.
  • a second automatic safety system allows the movable plug base to run out of power when, when activated, that is, with a current passage and an inserted plug, the electrical release is triggered by magnetism and / or by heating according to the key electrical passage and incidence (leakage, overload, short circuit ...) that could damage the electrical installation or the device that is plugged in.
  • This second system involves incorporating into the same socket a differential, magnetothermal or any type of current stopcock that automatically deactivates and blocks the current passage until the problem / fault is resolved. In practice, this means that each outlet has its own and unique stopcock (differential, magnetothermal, etc.) that works independently, without interacting with the rest of the sockets that may exist linked to the general picture.
  • any breakdown is limited to a single outlet, which is deactivated but keeping the rest of the electrical outlets activated and operational, being a fundamental safeguard for the rest of the equipment or devices that are connected to the mains and in operation.
  • this would be deactivated through the plug base and in case of a failure of the installation from the base of the plug to the electrical panel it would be disconnected with the differential switch, thermal magnet etc. of the same electrical panel.
  • the plug base works with a displacement movement capable of being in any direction, for example, ascending / descending, lateral, rotating, etc. achieving the same interlocking / unlocking system result. In case of leakage, the system works automatically.
  • the circuit breaker When the flow of the current is altered and detected by the differential, a magnetic field is created that activates the interlocking system of the interlocking bar related to the electromagnet, which deactivates the plug and in the event of a crossover or malfunction of the connected electrical device, the circuit breaker immediately activates the unlocking system with the heating and deformation of the bimetallic plate or with the intervention of the ferric axis of the series coil that unlocks both the retention mechanism of the mobile plate which, thanks to the spring system, rotates on its own, breaks the junction of the contacts and ceases the current flow.
  • the claimed plug base comprises a means of chronometric selection and / or of optionally adjustable sensitivity and / or different from the general picture which, before any alteration of the current flow, regulates the disconnection of both the differential, of the circuit breaker or of any current stopcock so that it occurs before a possible general control jump, even though all the power outlets are connected in series, which, in a normal situation, would simultaneously jump sympathetically.
  • said selector allows to adjust the reaction time of the unlocking of the new plug base, so that it is as minimal as possible with respect to the general control jump. This implies, of course, a better operation of the electrical system since each plug base is an element disconnected from the rest in case of any alteration in the electrical circuit.
  • each plug base is an element disconnected from the rest in case of any alteration in the electrical circuit.
  • the interlocking bar and the electromagnet of the differential switch are related by means of the picking of the barb or the notch of the bar with the recess or the nail of the electromagnet, being equally functional if the male part and the female part are one piece or the other.
  • the relationship between the interlocking bar and the electromagnet of the differential switch is equally functional if both parts are related by means of the movable lever that intervenes as a link.
  • the incorporation of the claimed plug base means increasing the safety of the electrical installation, increasing the safety of people and protecting the environment in a substantial way, also protecting the plugged electrical devices since only the differential jumps , circuit breaker or any current stopcock from the base of the plug and not the general or circuit breaker general differential.
  • the described plug base is capable of being part of a mobile (portable) structure with different sockets of the multiple base type or strips.

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  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)

Abstract

The subject matter of the invention is a movable power socket with a safety protective system and an energising and de-energising system, comprising a central movable plate (1) with two parallel holes (2) arranged in the centre thereof, and contacts (4a) and (4b) linked to the electrical cables (9), a locking bar (5), the structure of which has at least one deformation in the form of a spike (10) or notch, and which optionally interacts with a lever (6) having a tooth (13), a switch or circuit-breaker, preferably of the differential type, with a toroidal coil (8a) and an electromagnet (11) with a barb (11), or of the magnetothermal type, with a bimetallic plate and a coil arranged in series with an inner iron shaft, and a return system with springs (3) (12), wherein the movement of the central plate (1) is a rotary, vertical, lateral or tilting movement, the system being locked mechanically and unlocked electrically by magnetism and/or heating, depending on the circuit-breaker and electrical incidence.

Description

BASE DE ENCHUFE MOVIBLE CON PROTECCIÓN DE SEGURIDAD Y SU  MOBILE PLUG BASE WITH SAFETY PROTECTION AND ITS
SISTEMA DE ACTIVACIÓN Y DESACTIVACIÓN  ACTIVATION AND DEACTIVATION SYSTEM
Descripción Description
Sector de la técnica Technical sector
La presente invención se refiere a una base de enchufe movible con protección de seguridad y su sistema de activación y desactivación, la cual, por su conformación, características y funcionamiento, mejora los mecanismos y sistemas existentes en el mercado y todo aquello que forma parte del estado de la técnica correspondiente. The present invention relates to a movable plug base with safety protection and its activation and deactivation system, which, due to its conformation, characteristics and operation, improves the mechanisms and systems existing in the market and everything that is part of the corresponding state of the art.
Esta invención se inscribe en el sector de la electricidad, en el campo de la fabricación de material eléctrico y en particular enchufes y tomas de corriente. This invention is part of the electricity sector, in the field of manufacturing electrical equipment and in particular plugs and sockets.
El objeto de esta patente es una base de enchufe que se caracteriza por ser movible, es decir desplazable en cualquier sentido, en un movimiento giratorio, lateral, oblicuo, ascendente o descendente, siendo tal movimiento ejecutado por la parte externa de la base de enchufe, por su parte interna o bien por ambas, cumpliendo una doble función para garantizar la seguridad tanto en estado de reposo como en estado activo, incorporando unos medios mecánicos de bloqueo que la convierten en un elemento inoperante cuando no hay una clavija enchufada e incorporando igualmente unos medios mecánicos/eléctricos que desactivan el paso de corriente en el momento en que, estando una clavija enchufada, se produce una fuga de corriente, sobrecarga, cortocircuito o cualquier avería eléctrica en el aparato o en la instalación (cableado hasta el enchufe). La solución técnica aplicada es vincular, mediante medios mecánicos/eléctricos, una barra de enclavamiento con una llave de paso integrados ambos elementos en la base de enchufe. Estado de la técnica The object of this patent is a plug base that is characterized by being movable, that is to say movable in any direction, in a rotating, lateral, oblique, ascending or descending movement, such movement being executed by the external part of the plug base , either internally or both, fulfilling a double function to ensure safety both in the state of rest and in the active state, incorporating mechanical locking means that make it an inoperative element when there is no plug plugged in and also incorporating mechanical / electrical means that deactivate the current flow at the moment when, when a plug is plugged in, a current leakage, overload, short circuit or any electrical fault occurs in the device or in the installation (wiring up to the plug). The technical solution applied is to link, by mechanical / electrical means, an interlocking bar with a stopcock integrated both elements in the plug base. State of the art
Una toma de corriente por definición, es una de las partes que conforman los elementos de conexión eléctrica denominados comúnmente como enchufes, en concreto es la parte que actúa como enchufe hembra y que consta de un cuerpo de material aislante, generalmente anclado a la pared, a simple vista o bien empotrado y que presenta dos orificios en los que se ubican sendas piezas metálicas o casquillos y en los que se introducen las varillas metálicas que forman parte de la clavija o enchufe macho, creando el circuito eléctrico, estando la toma de corriente relacionada y fijada a la red eléctrica. An outlet by definition, is one of the parts that make up the electrical connection elements commonly referred to as plugs, in particular it is the part that acts as a female plug and that consists of a body of insulating material, usually anchored to the wall, at first sight or recessed and it has two holes in which metal parts or bushings are located and in which the metal rods that are part of the plug or plug are inserted male, creating the electrical circuit, the power outlet being related and fixed to the power grid.
Esta toma de corriente se conforma en diversos modelos o diseños, sea en unidades individuales o bien en agrupaciones de al menos dos tomas que permiten conectar más de un enchufe macho de forma simultánea, denominadas bases múltiples, las cuales engloban varias tomas de corriente en una misma pieza, generalmente situadas en disposición lineal (regletas) pero también existen en otras conformaciones y distribuciones especiales de las tomas de corriente, estando estas bases múltiples igualmente situadas a la vista o bien empotrada o también en un formato móvil, estando en este caso dotadas de un cable que a su vez las conecta con una base fija conectada con la red eléctrica. This outlet is made up of several models or designs, either in individual units or in groups of at least two sockets that allow more than one male plug to be connected simultaneously, called multiple bases, which include several sockets in one same piece, generally located in a linear arrangement (strips) but they also exist in other conformations and special distributions of the power outlets, these multiple bases being equally placed in sight either recessed or also in a mobile format, being in this case equipped of a cable that in turn connects them with a fixed base connected to the mains.
En cualquier caso, la toma de corriente es siempre una cavidad de una profundidad suficiente que actúa como receptor de la clavija o enchufe macho, la cual queda completamente insertada en la toma de corriente. In any case, the outlet is always a cavity of sufficient depth that acts as a receiver of the plug or plug, which is completely inserted into the outlet.
En base a lo anterior, el principal problema de la toma de corriente, sea en la modalidad de empotramiento o anclado en la pared y generalmente sobresaliendo de la misma, es que suele estar situada en puntos de fácil accesibilidad, siendo elementos que, por su propia naturaleza, son pasos continuos de corriente eléctrica con el consiguiente riesgo de recibir una descarga eléctrica si se introduce de forma simultánea algo en ambos orificios. En este sentido, uno de los colectivos más afectados es el de los niños, sea por curiosidad, accidente o simplemente por no ser conscientes del peligro. Based on the above, the main problem of the power outlet, either in the recessed mode or anchored in the wall and generally protruding from it, is that it is usually located at points of easy accessibility, being elements that, due to their nature itself, are continuous steps of electric current with the consequent risk of receiving an electric shock if something is introduced simultaneously in both holes. In this sense, one of the most affected groups is that of children, whether out of curiosity, accident or simply because they are not aware of the danger.
Existen en el mercado algunos artículos diseñados especialmente para actuar como protectores de enchufes por y para la seguridad infantil. Es el caso piezas de plástico tubulares que se introducen en los agujeros de la toma de corriente, taponándolos, o tapas fijas o giratorias que se ajustan justo sobre la embocadura de la toma de corriente, tapándola e impidiendo el acceso a los orificios. Sin embargo se trata de piezas añadidas y/o superpuestas a la toma de corriente que el niño puede manipular si se empeña en ello puesto que, como se ha comentado anteriormente, la toma de corriente suele quedar posiciona en zonas accesibles para el niño. There are some items on the market specially designed to act as plug protectors for and for child safety. This is the case of tubular plastic parts that are inserted into the holes of the outlet, plugging them, or fixed or rotating covers that fit just above the socket of the outlet, covering it and preventing access to the holes. However, these are pieces added and / or superimposed on the power outlet that the child can manipulate if he insists on it since, as previously mentioned, the power outlet is usually positioned in areas accessible to the child.
Igualmente cabe señalar que existen en el mercado varios tipos de llave de paso de corriente que se activan ante situaciones que alteran el normal paso de la corriente eléctrica, por ejemplo el interruptor diferencial y el interruptor magnetotérmico que actúan cortando la corriente ante fugas, sobrecargas y/o cortocircuitos. It should also be noted that there are several types of current stopcocks on the market that are activated in situations that alter the normal flow of current electrical, for example the differential switch and the circuit breaker that act by cutting the current against leaks, overloads and / or short circuits.
A nivel de propiedad industrial, son varias las patentes que inciden en el desarrollo de soluciones técnicas para mejorar la seguridad de las tomas de corriente. Es el caso del modelo de utilidad ES1026420 que desarrolla un "Dispositivo protector para bases de enchufe" el cual comprende una "pieza móvil montada detrás de los orificios de acceso a las hembrillas de la base que tiende a situarse en una posición en la que obstruye dichos orificios, pero puede situarse en una posición en la que deja el paso libre a las patillas de una clavija de enchufe. (...) la pieza móvil es corredera y, al mismo tiempo, oscilante sobre un fulcro central. Dicha pieza corredera está dotada de dos resaltes enfrentados a los orificios de acceso a las hembrillas, con una superficie exterior resbaladiza en forma de rampa sobre las que se apoyan los extremos de la clavija de enchufe para desplazar la corredera, contra la que actúa un resorte que tiende a situarla en una posición estable en la que los resaltes quedan enfrentados a los orificios de acceso a las hembrillas." El modelo de utilidad ES1048167 presenta un "Protector para enchufes de corriente eléctrica" que comprende "una placa separadora de características aislantes que lleva alojado centralmente un disco con capacidad de giro sobre sí mismo, solidario de la placa portadora mediante elementos que actúan como resortes periféricos, que le confieren una posición de giro determinada de reposo, poseyendo dicho disco orificios para el paso de las clavijas de enchufe, los cuales, en posición de reposo, están desplazados con respecto a los orificios de enchufe de la base, imposibilitando el enchufe hasta haber vencido el efecto de los elementos que actúan como resortes periféricos por giro del disco, después de haber introducido en el mismo las clavijas". La patente de europea ES2344630 desarrolla un "Enchufe eléctrico de seguridad con circuito lógico de control", en particular un "enchufe hembra conectado a un circuito inteligente transformando el enchufe hembra en un dispositivo controlado de forma lógica, con el circuito inteligente montado dentro o a lo largo de una caja de enchufe hembra de tipo homologado o normalizado, de manera que el propio enchufe hembra puede ser instalado de igual o similar manera que cualquier enchufe hembra instalado y que comprende, como mínimo, un sensor para controlar la inserción apropiada y completa del enchufe macho que está constituido por dos sensores, dos canales que conectan la fuente de radiación a las respectivas aberturas de contacto por fricción, estando dispuestos los dos sensores en el enchufe hembra en las proximidades de las respectivas aberturas de contacto por fricción opuestas a sus canales asociados. " En éstas y otras propuestas se ofrecen soluciones técnicas para bloquear el paso de electricidad cuando no hay una clavija enchufada en la toma de corriente pero tienden a ser soluciones complejas que encarecen el producto y que además no aportan solución alguna a otro problema crónico que afecta al circuito eléctrico de las instalaciones, especialmente las de carácter doméstico: el denominado salto del interruptor diferencial por fugas de corriente y salto de interruptor magnetotérmico por cruce de corriente, sobrecarga o también de cualquier otra llave de paso de corriente. Estas llaves de paso de corriente, tanto el interruptor diferencial como el magnetotérmico, son un elemento de protección especialmente importante para personas y/o aparatos cuando se produce una alteración en el paso de la corriente, por ejemplo cuando hay un fallo en el aislamiento de un cable, un exceso de potencia y por ejemplo, un fallo en un aparato conectado a uno de las tomas de corriente que haría saltar el magnetotérmico. En estos casos la consecuencia es la interrupción del paso de la electricidad en toda o parte de la línea del circuito. La solución no es compleja, basta con volver a activar el interruptor diferencial o el interruptor magnetotérmico de forma manual siempre que no haya un cruce o anomalía que se tenga que corregir, reparar, etc., pero ello implica una molestia para el usuario y sobretodo una más que posible alteración en el funcionamiento de los aparatos y equipos conectados, puesto que la pérdida repentina de la electricidad y el apagado brusco pueden dañarlos (y con ellos, los productos, datos etc. que puedan estar almacenados o dependan de ellos). At the industrial property level, there are several patents that affect the development of technical solutions to improve the safety of power outlets. This is the case of the utility model ES1026420 that develops a "Protective device for plug bases" which comprises a "moving part mounted behind the holes for access to the base sockets that tends to be placed in a position where it obstructs said holes, but can be placed in a position where it leaves the pins of a plug plug free. (...) the moving part is sliding and, at the same time, oscillating on a central fulcrum. It is equipped with two projections facing the holes for access to the females, with a slippery outer surface in the form of a ramp on which the ends of the plug are supported to move the slide, against which a spring that tends to place it in a stable position where the projections face the holes for access to the females. " The utility model ES1048167 presents a "Protector for electrical outlets" comprising "a separating plate with insulating characteristics that centrally houses a disk with a capacity to turn on itself, integral with the carrier plate by means of elements that act as peripheral springs , which give it a determined position of rest, said disk having holes for the passage of the plug plugs, which, in the rest position, are displaced with respect to the plug holes of the base, making the plug impossible until having overcome the effect of the elements that act as peripheral springs by turning the disc, after having inserted the pins into it ". European patent ES2344630 develops an "Electrical safety plug with logic control circuit", in particular a "female plug connected to an intelligent circuit by transforming the female plug into a logically controlled device, with the intelligent circuit mounted inside or at along an approved or standard type female socket, so that the female socket itself can be installed in the same or similar manner as any female socket installed and comprising at least one sensor to control the proper and complete insertion of the male plug consisting of two sensors, two channels that connect the radiation source to the respective friction contact openings, the two sensors being arranged in the female socket in the vicinity of the respective friction contact openings opposite their channels partners. " These and other proposals offer technical solutions to block the passage of electricity when there is no plug plugged into the outlet but they tend to be complex solutions that make the product more expensive and also do not provide any solution to another chronic problem that affects the electrical circuit of the installations, especially those of a domestic nature: the so-called jump of the differential switch due to current leaks and jump of the circuit breaker due to current crossing, overload or any other current stopcock. These current stopcocks, both the differential switch and the circuit breaker, are a particularly important protection element for people and / or devices when there is an alteration in the current flow, for example when there is a fault in the insulation of the a cable, an excess of power and, for example, a failure in a device connected to one of the sockets that would cause the circuit breaker to jump. In these cases the consequence is the interruption of the passage of electricity in all or part of the circuit line. The solution is not complex, it is enough to reactivate the differential switch or the circuit breaker manually whenever there is no crossing or anomaly that has to be corrected, repaired, etc., but this implies a nuisance for the user and above all a more than possible alteration in the operation of the connected devices and equipment, since the sudden loss of electricity and sudden shutdown can damage them (and with them, products, data etc. that may be stored or depend on them).
El solicitante no tiene conocimiento de que se haya desarrollado solución técnica alguna que resuelva de forma satisfactoria y simultánea los dos problemas expuestos, la seguridad de la toma de corriente cuando no hay ninguna clavija insertada y la seguridad de la toma de corriente ante incidencias en el paso de la corriente estando activada, en particular en tomas de corriente de carácter doméstico. The applicant has no knowledge that any technical solution has been developed that satisfactorily and simultaneously solves the two exposed problems, the safety of the power outlet when there is no plug inserted and the safety of the power outlet in the event of incidents in the current flow being activated, particularly in household outlets.
Objeto de la invención Object of the invention
Esta patente de invención desarrolla una base de enchufe movible con protección de seguridad y su sistema de activación y desactivación, la cual tiene carácter desplazable y comprende medios mecánicos/eléctricos que permiten que dicha base esté en situación inactiva, sin paso de corriente, cuando no hay una clavija enchufada y que simultáneamente los mismos medios permiten que, estando la base activada y en caso de alteración de la corriente eléctrica, un mal funcionamiento del aparato enchufado o cualquier otra circunstancia, se active una llave de paso (por ejemplo interruptor diferencial, interruptor magnetotérmico u otro) que bloquea el paso de corriente y desactiva la base del enchufe, todo ello desde la misma estructura de la base del enchufe. La base de enchufe o enchufe hembra mantiene la conformación normalizada como un cuerpo o soporte de material no conductor/aislante, preferentemente plástico o similar y de carácter individual, de superficie, anclado a la pared a simple vista, o empotrado, o bien formando parte de bases múltiples o regletas, contando en cualquier caso con dos orificios externos centralmente dispuestos donde se ubican sendas piezas metálicas o casquillos que serán receptores de las varillas metálicas portadas por la clavija o enchufe macho. This invention patent develops a movable plug base with safety protection and its activation and deactivation system, which has a movable character and comprises mechanical / electrical means that allow said base to be in an inactive situation, without current flow, when not a plug is plugged in and simultaneously the same means allow, if the base is activated and in case of alteration of the electric current, a malfunction of the plugged in device or any other circumstance, a stopcock is activated (for example differential switch, circuit breaker or other) that blocks the passage of current and deactivates the base of the plug, all from the same structure of the base of the plug. The socket or female socket maintains the normalized conformation as a body or support of non-conductive / insulating material, preferably plastic or similar and of an individual nature, surface, anchored to the wall with the naked eye, or embedded, or as part with multiple bases or strips, in any case with two centrally arranged external holes where metal parts or bushes are located that will be receivers of the metal rods carried by the plug or plug.
Novedosamente esta base de enchufe movible dispone de un sistema de enclavamiento y desenclavamiento con un mecanismo que comprende al menos una placa central móvil, una barra de enclavamiento, un interruptor/llave de paso y un sistema de retorno. La placa central móvil tiene capacidad de desplazamiento en un movimiento giratorio, lateral, oblicuo, ascendente o descendente, siendo tal movimiento ejecutado por la parte externa de la base de enchufe, por su parte interna o bien por ambas al introducir la clavija del enchufe macho. Si la llave de paso es del tipo interruptor diferencial comprende una bobina toroidal vinculada mediante hilos eléctricos con un electroimán que incluye una uña o, en su caso, un rebaje de enclavamiento. Si la llave de paso es del tipo interruptor magnetotérmico comprende una bobina en serie con un eje férrico interno y una placa bimetálica deformable por acción térmica. Son igualmente operativos otros tipos de llave de paso. La barra de enclavamiento está destinada a engarzarse con el interruptor/llave de paso y el sistema de retorno, formado preferentemente por muelles, flejes o similares, permite el desplazamiento a su posición original de las piezas móviles de la base de enchufe al activarse el sistema de desenclavamiento. El enclavamiento de la base de enchufe es de carácter mecánico y se activa con la realización simultánea de distintas acciones. Para permitir el paso de la corriente es necesario introducir las varillas metálicas de la clavija del enchufe macho en los orificios de la placa central de la base de enchufe con un movimiento que la traslade, en un desplazamiento de giro, lateral, etc. de forma que la placa central se desplaza y, con ella, se desplaza, con el mismo movimiento, la barra de enclavamiento y se aproximan los contactos que abren el paso de la corriente eléctrica. Con este movimiento la base del enchufe queda trabada, inmovilizada mediante un enclavamiento mecánico. Esta barra de enclavamiento, que tiene al menos una deformación concretada en una muesca o una púa según el tipo de interruptor/llave de paso, es el elemento que permitirá finalmente que la base de enchufe vuelva a su posición original ante cualquier incidencia en el paso de corriente en la cual se activará la susodicha llave de paso integrada en la base de enchufe. Newly, this movable plug base has an interlocking and unlocking system with a mechanism comprising at least one mobile central plate, an interlocking bar, a switch / stopcock and a return system. The mobile central plate has the capacity to move in a rotating, lateral, oblique, ascending or descending movement, such movement being executed by the external part of the plug base, by its internal part or by both when inserting the plug of the male plug . If the stopcock is of the differential switch type, it comprises a toroidal coil connected by electric wires with an electromagnet that includes a nail or, where appropriate, a locking recess. If the stopcock is of the circuit breaker type, it comprises a coil in series with an internal ferric shaft and a thermally deformable bimetallic plate. Other types of stopcocks are equally operative. The interlocking bar is intended to engage with the switch / stopcock and the return system, preferably formed by springs, strapping or the like, allows the moving parts of the plug base to be moved to its original position when the system is activated. of unlocking. The interlocking of the plug base is of a mechanical nature and is activated with the simultaneous performance of different actions. To allow the passage of the current it is necessary to introduce the metal rods of the plug of the male plug into the holes of the central plate of the plug base with a movement that translates it, in a rotation, lateral, etc. so that the central plate moves and, with it, moves, with the same movement, the interlocking bar and the contacts that open the passage of the electric current approach. With this movement the base of the plug is locked, immobilized by a mechanical interlock. This interlocking bar, which has at least one deformation specified in a notch or a spike according to the type of switch / stopcock, is the element that will finally allow the plug base to return to its original position in the event of any incident in the passage of current in which the above-mentioned stopcock integrated in the socket base will be activated.
En una realización preferente en que interviene una llave de paso del tipo diferencial, dicho desplazamiento de la placa central de la base del enchufe se concreta en un movimiento giratorio, comprendiendo un sistema de muelles y/o electromecánico que permite el desplazamiento y retorno de la base y un sistema electromecánico, por ejemplo de palancas, que permiten la activación y/o desactivación del paso de la corriente eléctrica. Una vez insertadas las clavijas del enchufe macho en la base de enchufe mediante el movimiento que provoca el desplazamiento de la placa central de la misma, desplazándose la barra de enclavamiento y quedando juntos los contactos, la corriente pasa por una bobina toroidal a través de dos cables normalizados hasta los contactos relacionados con las clavijas del enchufe conectado. Simultáneamente, la barra de enclavamiento queda vinculada mediante su púa con un diente presente en una palanca intermedia también móvil u oscilante. El aparato eléctrico (secador, estufa, ventilador, nevera, etc.) funciona. Cuando hay una fuga de corriente, el desenclavamiento eléctrico se produce por magnetismo puesto que se descompensa la bobina toroidal (constituida por hilo de cobre arrollado sobre un núcleo), creando un campo magnético que afecta al electroimán cuya uña actúa sobre la palanca (o sobre la barra de enclavamiento en ausencia de palanca) empujándola y obligándola a separarse de la púa de la barra de enclavamiento, liberándola, de modo que dicha barra de enclavamiento ya no queda retenida y, mediante el sistema de muelles, salta y gira conjuntamente con la placa central movible de la base del enchufe, quedando por tanto este enchufe desconectado y el aparato apagado. In a preferred embodiment involving a differential type stopcock, said displacement of the central plate of the base of the plug is specified in a rotating movement, comprising a spring and / or electromechanical system that allows the displacement and return of the base and an electromechanical system, for example of levers, which allow the activation and / or deactivation of the passage of electric current. Once the plug of the male plug is inserted into the plug base by the movement that causes the central plate to move, the interlocking bar moving and the contacts being together, the current passes through a toroidal coil through two standardized cables to the contacts related to the plugs of the connected plug. At the same time, the interlocking bar is connected by means of a barb with a tooth present in an intermediate lever that is also mobile or oscillating. The electrical appliance (dryer, stove, fan, refrigerator, etc.) works. When there is a leakage of current, the electric unlocking occurs by magnetism since the toroidal coil (consisting of copper wire wound on a core) is decompensated, creating a magnetic field that affects the electromagnet whose nail acts on the lever (or on the interlocking bar in the absence of a lever) pushing it and forcing it to separate from the barb of the interlocking bar, releasing it, so that said interlocking bar is no longer retained and, by means of the spring system, jumps and rotates together with the movable center plate of the base of the plug, thus leaving this plug disconnected and the device turned off.
En otra realización, el desenclavamiento eléctrico se produce por magnetismo y/o por calentamiento según la incidencia eléctrica. En este caso el sistema eléctrico de la base de enchufe incluye un interruptor magnetotérmico que comprende un bobinado en serie y una placa bimetálica. En este caso, cuando hay un cortocircuito, el eje férrico del bobinado, mediante un campo magnético, atrae una plancha metálica vinculada a la palanca, liberando la barra de enclavamiento y consiguiendo que, con el sistema de muelles, salte y desplace la placa central movible de la base del enchufe, que queda desconectado. También con un interruptor magnetotérmico, en caso de sobrecarga, la placa bimetálica (formada por dos metales de diferente coeficiente de dilatación) se va deformando por el incremento térmico y actúa sobre una leva que acciona la interrupción automática del paso de corriente, volviendo el enchufe a la posición de reposo. In another embodiment, the electric unlocking occurs by magnetism and / or by heating according to the electrical incidence. In this case the electrical system of the plug base includes a circuit breaker comprising a series winding and a bimetallic plate. In this case, when there is a short circuit, the ferric axis of the winding, by means of a magnetic field, attracts a metal plate linked to the lever, releasing the interlocking bar and getting that, with the spring system, jump and move the central plate movable from the base of the plug, which is disconnected. Also with a circuit breaker, in case of overload, the bimetallic plate (formed by two metals of different coefficient of dilation) is deformed by the thermal increase and acts on a cam that triggers the automatic interruption of the current flow, returning the plug to the rest position.
En cualquier caso, cuando hay una fuga de corriente, un cortocircuito, una sobrecarga o cualquier otra anomalía o incidencia que altera el paso normal de la corriente eléctrica, se consigue el resultado buscado: de forma automática la base de enchufe queda desactivada sin corriente y sin posibilidad de funcionar hasta que no se solvente la avería. Si se intenta rearmar el enchufe en posición de activado, la barra de enclavamiento no quedará enclavada y por lo tanto no habrá corriente.  In any case, when there is a current leakage, a short circuit, an overload or any other anomaly or incident that alters the normal passage of the electric current, the desired result is achieved: automatically the plug base is deactivated without power and No possibility of operation until the fault is resolved. If you try to reset the plug in the activated position, the interlocking bar will not be locked and therefore there will be no current.
Descripción de los dibujos Description of the drawings
Al objeto de facilitar la comprensión de la innovación que aquí se reivindica, se adjuntan unas láminas con unos dibujos, los cuales deben ser analizados y considerados únicamente a modo de ejemplo y sin ningún carácter limitativo ni restrictivo. In order to facilitate the understanding of the innovation claimed here, sheets are attached with drawings, which should be analyzed and considered only by way of example and without any limiting or restrictive character.
Figura 1.- Esquema de una base de enchufe desactivada en versión estándar (llave de paso del tipo diferencial / electroimán) Figure 1.- Scheme of a plug base deactivated in standard version (differential / electromagnet type stopcock)
Figura 2.- Esquema de una base de enchufe activada en versión estándar (llave de paso del tipo diferencial / electroimán) Figure 2.- Diagram of a plug base activated in standard version (differential type / electromagnet stopcock)
Figura 3.- Esquema de una base de enchufe desactivada con botonera exterior integrada en el mismo enchufe y desplazamiento corredero del sistema (llave de paso del tipo diferencial / electroimán)  Figure 3.- Scheme of a deactivated plug base with an external keypad integrated in the same plug and sliding system movement (differential / electromagnet type stopcock)
Figura 4.- Esquema de una base de enchufe activada con botonera exterior integrada en el mismo enchufe y desplazamiento corredero del sistema (llave de paso del tipo diferencial / electroimán) Figure 4.- Diagram of an activated socket base with external keypad integrated in the same plug and sliding system movement (differential / electromagnet type stopcock)
Figura 5.- Esquema de una base de enchufe desactivada con botonera exterior separada y desplazamiento lateral del sistema (llave de paso del tipo diferencial / electroimán)  Figure 5.- Scheme of a deactivated plug base with separate external keypad and lateral displacement of the system (differential / electromagnet type stopcock)
Figura 6.- Esquema de una base de enchufe activada con botonera exterior separada y desplazamiento lateral del sistema (llave de paso del tipo diferencial / electroimán) Figura 7.- Esquema de una base de enchufe desactivada con llave de paso del tipo magnetotérmico  Figure 6.- Diagram of an activated socket base with a separate external keypad and lateral displacement of the system (differential / electromagnet type stopcock) Figure 7.- Diagram of a deactivated socket base with a magnetothermal type type of stopcock
Figura 8.- Esquema de una base de enchufe activada con llave de paso del tipo magnetotérmico Realización preferente de la invención Figure 8.- Diagram of an activated socket base with a magnetothermic type stopcock Preferred Embodiment of the Invention
De acuerdo con estos dibujos que reflejan diversas formas de realización, el objeto de esta patente de invención es una base de enchufe movible con protección de seguridad y sistema de activación y desactivación, la cual comprende medios mecánicos/eléctricos para activarse y desactivarse de forma segura al introducir o extraer las clavijas del enchufe y simultáneamente dispone de un sistema de seguridad ante fugas de corriente o cualquier anomalía eléctrica desde el aparato eléctrico hasta el enchufe que lo desactiva de forma automática. According to these drawings that reflect various embodiments, the object of this invention patent is a movable plug base with safety protection and activation and deactivation system, which comprises mechanical / electrical means for activating and deactivating it safely. when you insert or remove the plug plugs and simultaneously have a safety system against current leakage or any electrical anomaly from the electrical appliance to the plug that automatically deactivates it.
En la figura 1 se muestra una vista esquemática de una base de enchufe desactivada, es decir, desenclavada, en posición de reposo, sin paso de corriente y sin ninguna clavija enchufada, mientras que en la figura 2 se muestra la misma base de enchufe activada, es decir, enclavada, con paso de corriente y una clavija enchufada, en ambos casos con un interruptor diferencial. Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a deactivated plug base, that is to say, unlocked, in the rest position, without current flow and without any plug connected, while in figure 2 the same activated plug base is shown. , that is to say, interlocked, with current and a plug, in both cases with a differential switch.
En ambas figuras 1 y 2 se muestra la base de enchufe conformada por una placa central (1) móvil, con capacidad de desplazamiento, la cual presenta externa y centralmente situados los dos orificios paralelos (2) en los cuales se insertan las varillas metálicas de la clavija, estando conectados estos orificios paralelos (2) con unos contactos (4a) que sobresalen de la placa central y que están destinados a tocar otros contactos (4b) vinculados a los cables eléctricos (9). Internamente los orificios están descentrados puesto que será con el giro de la placa central (1) cuando se ajuste su posición. Esta placa central (1) móvil está relacionada con el sistema de enclavamiento en el cual intervienen otros elementos integrados en la base de enchufe, en particular una barra de enclavamiento (5) situada colindante con la placa central móvil (1) y unida a la misma, sobresaliendo de la estructura de dicha barra de enclavamiento (5) una púa (10) y situándose en una zona próxima un pieza a modo de palanca (6), en este ejemplo de conformación ondulada, con al menos un diente (13). Situado en su alojamiento se ubica el interruptor diferencial, que incluye una bobina toroidal (8a) relacionada con cables eléctricos (9) normalizados y vinculada mediante unos hilos eléctricos (19) con un electroimán (7) con una uña (1 1) corrediza situado en una zona próxima a la palanca (6) descrita. El movimiento de giro de la placa central (1) y el consiguiente arrastre de la barra de enclavamiento (5) y de la palanca (6) es facilitado por un sistema de retorno, en particular un sistema de muelles que comprende un primer muelle de retorno (3) situado centralmente en la placa central (1) y un segundo muelle, menor, (12) relacionado con la palanca (6). El enclavamiento de la base de enchufe se consigue con varias acciones simultaneas que empiezan al introducir la clavija en los orificios paralelos (2) con un movimiento de desplazamiento que en este modo de realización es de giro, lo que permite unir los contactos (4a) (4b), cerrando el circuito eléctrico y permitiendo el paso de la corriente eléctrica. En este momento, la barra de enclavamiento (5) queda retenida por la púa (10) que se engarza en el diente (13) de la palanca (6) mientras que el otro extremo de esta palanca (6) queda separado de la uña (1 1) corrediza del electroimán (7), que en este momento queda oculta, tal y como se muestra en la figura 2. El desenclavamiento voluntario por parte del usuario de la base de enchufe de seguridad se realiza de forma normalizada con la extracción de la clavija con un movimiento manual. In both figures 1 and 2, the plug base formed by a movable central plate (1) with displacement capacity is shown, which has both parallel and external holes (2) in which the metal rods are inserted the plug, these parallel holes (2) being connected with contacts (4a) protruding from the central plate and which are intended to touch other contacts (4b) linked to the electric wires (9). Internally the holes are offset since it will be with the rotation of the central plate (1) when its position is adjusted. This mobile central plate (1) is related to the interlocking system in which other elements integrated in the plug base intervene, in particular an interlocking bar (5) located adjacent to the mobile central plate (1) and connected to the same, a barb (10) protruding from the structure of said interlocking bar (5) and a lever-like part (6) being placed in a nearby area, in this example of a wavy conformation, with at least one tooth (13) . Located in its housing is the differential switch, which includes a toroidal coil (8a) related to standardized electrical cables (9) and linked by means of electrical wires (19) with an electromagnet (7) with a sliding nail (1 1) located in an area close to the lever (6) described. The turning movement of the central plate (1) and the consequent drag of the locking bar (5) and of the lever (6) is facilitated by a return system, in particular a spring system comprising a first spring of return (3) centrally located in the central plate (1) and a second, smaller spring (12) related to the lever (6). The interlocking of the plug base is achieved with several simultaneous actions that begin by inserting the plug into the parallel holes (2) with a movement of movement that in this embodiment is rotatable, which allows the contacts (4a) to be joined (4b), closing the electrical circuit and allowing the passage of electric current. At this time, the interlocking bar (5) is retained by the spike (10) that snaps into the tooth (13) of the lever (6) while the other end of this lever (6) is separated from the nail (1 1) sliding of the electromagnet (7), which is now hidden, as shown in figure 2. The voluntary unlocking by the user of the safety plug base is carried out in a normalized way with the extraction of the plug with a manual movement.
Sin embargo, cuando se produce una fuga / un cambio de flujo de la corriente, el sistema de desactivación, es decir, de desenclavamiento, se acciona de forma automática al descompensarse la bobina toroidal (8a) creando un campo magnético que se trasmite a través de los hilos eléctricos (19) al electroimán (7) cuya uña (1 1) salta y sobresale, empuja la palanca (6) que, por la acción del muelle menor (12), rebota, suelta la púa (10) de la barra de enclavamiento (5) y automáticamente, la placa central móvil (1), por la acción del muelle de retorno (3), gira y se separan los contactos (4a) y (4b), interrumpiendo el paso de la corriente eléctrica y volviendo a la posición inactiva de la figura 1. However, when a leakage / a change in current flow occurs, the deactivation system, that is, the unlocking, is automatically activated when the toroidal coil (8a) is decompensated creating a magnetic field that is transmitted through of the electric wires (19) to the electromagnet (7) whose nail (1 1) jumps and protrudes, pushes the lever (6) that, by the action of the smaller spring (12), bounces, releases the pick (10) of the interlocking bar (5) and automatically, the mobile central plate (1), by the action of the return spring (3), rotates and the contacts (4a) and (4b) are separated, interrupting the passage of electric current and returning to the inactive position of figure 1.
En las figuras 3 y 4 se muestra una vista esquemática de una base de enchufe desactivada y activada, respectivamente, con botonera exterior integrada en la misma base de enchufe, con un desplazamiento corredero del sistema, ambas con llave de paso del tipo diferencial / electroimán. En esta realización, la activación de la base de enchufe, es decir, el sistema de enclavamiento, se pone en marcha con la introducción de las varillas del enchufe macho, pero también es susceptible de activarse con un pulsador o botón (15) integrado externamente en la carcasa de la base de enchufe, en una realización en la cual el desplazamiento de los sistemas de enclavamiento y desenclavamiento es corredero. En esta realización se mantienen los elementos básicos del sistema pero se elimina la palanca (6) intermedia, con la barra de enclavamiento (5) presentando en este caso una muesca (16) adecuadamente dimensionada para encajar con la uña (1 1) corrediza del electroimán (7) del interruptor diferencial, con el muelle (3) de retorno integrado en el botón o pulsador (15) que se comprime y descomprime secuencialmente al presionar o soltar el tal botón o pulsador (15). La pieza de enclavamiento / desenclavamiento que se desplaza es el electroimán (7) solidario al botón o pulsador (15). En esta realización, al no haber un movimiento de giro sino de desplazamiento corredero, internamente los orificios paralelos (2) están centrados. Figures 3 and 4 show a schematic view of a deactivated and activated plug base, respectively, with an external keypad integrated in the same plug base, with a sliding system movement, both with a differential / electromagnet type stopcock. . In this embodiment, the activation of the plug base, that is, the interlocking system, is started with the introduction of the male plug rods, but is also capable of being activated with an externally integrated push button or button (15) in the socket base housing, in one embodiment in which the displacement of the interlocking and unlocking systems is sliding. In this embodiment the basic elements of the system are maintained but the intermediate lever (6) is removed, with the interlocking bar (5) presenting in this case a notch (16) suitably sized to fit with the sliding nail (1 1) of the electromagnet (7) of the differential switch, with the return spring (3) integrated in the button or button (15) that is compressed and decompressed sequentially by pressing or releasing such button or push button (15). The interlocking / unlocking part that moves is the electromagnet (7) integral with the button or button (15). In this embodiment, since there is no turning movement but sliding movement, internally the parallel holes (2) are centered.
En las figuras 5 y 6 se muestra una vista esquemática de una base de enchufe desactivada y activada, respectivamente, con una botonera exterior separada de la base y con desplazamiento lateral del sistema y con llave de paso del tipo diferencial / electroimán. En esta realización se mantiene el sistema de enclavamiento y desenclavamiento ya descrito que se activa, bien al insertar la clavija o bien al apretar un botón o pulsador (15) separado y situado en un punto próximo a la toma de corriente. Este botón o pulsador (15) está vinculado a la barra de enclavamiento (5), la cual se desplaza lateralmente para aproximar los contactos (4a) y (4b) y engarzar su púa (10) con la palanca (6). La uña (1 1) saliente del electroimán (7) del interruptor diferencial (11) se mantiene separada de la palanca (6). A schematic view of a deactivated and activated plug base, respectively, with an external keypad separated from the base and with lateral displacement of the system and with a stopcock of the differential / electromagnet type is shown in Figures 5 and 6. In this embodiment, the interlocking and unlocking system described above is activated, which is activated, either by inserting the plug or by pressing a separate button or button (15) located near the outlet. This button or button (15) is linked to the interlocking bar (5), which moves laterally to approximate the contacts (4a) and (4b) and crimp its pin (10) with the lever (6). The nail (1 1) protruding from the electromagnet (7) of the differential switch (11) is kept separate from the lever (6).
En estas figuras 3, 4, 5 y 6 la desactivación de la base de enchufe, es decir, el desenclavamiento del sistema en caso de producirse una fuga de corriente, se desencadena, al igual que la realización descrita en las figuras 1 y 2, con la descompensación de la bobina toroidal (8a) que genera un campo magnético que activa al electroimán (7) del interruptor diferencial, con lo cual su uña (1 1) se separa de la muesca (16) de la barra de enclavamiento (5) en las figuras 3 y 4 y el muelle (3) se descomprime, volviendo el botón pulsador (15) a su posición original. En las figuras 5 y 6 la barra de enclavamiento (5) se libera de la palanca (6) cuando la uña (1 1) del electroimán (7) se engancha en la palanca (6), reteniéndola, de tal modo que la barra de enclavamiento (5) queda libre y retrocede, los contactos (4a) y (4b) se separan y se desactiva el circuito eléctrico. In these figures 3, 4, 5 and 6 the deactivation of the plug base, that is, the unlocking of the system in the event of a current leakage, is triggered, just like the embodiment described in figures 1 and 2, with the decompensation of the toroidal coil (8a) that generates a magnetic field that activates the electromagnet (7) of the differential switch, whereby its nail (1 1) is separated from the notch (16) of the interlocking bar (5) ) in figures 3 and 4 and the spring (3) is decompressed, returning the push button (15) to its original position. In figures 5 and 6 the interlocking bar (5) is released from the lever (6) when the nail (1 1) of the electromagnet (7) is engaged in the lever (6), retaining it, so that the bar of interlocking (5) is free and back, the contacts (4a) and (4b) are separated and the electrical circuit is deactivated.
En las figuras 7 y 8 se muestra un esquema de una base de enchufe que incorpora una llave de paso del tipo interruptor magnetotérmico, estando la base de enchufe desactivada, es decir, desenclavada, en posición de reposo, sin paso de corriente en la figura 7 y estando dicha base de enchufe activada, es decir, enclavada, con paso de corriente en la figura 8. En esta realización, el sistema de enclavamiento es similar al ya descrito. El desplazamiento de la placa central (1) al introducir las clavijas del enchufe macho en los orificios paralelos (2) activa el paso de corriente al juntar los contactos (4a) y (4b), arrastra la barra de enclavamiento (5) de la cual sobresale la púa (10) (o muesca (16) en su caso) destinada a enlazar con el diente (13) de la palanca (6), la cual, a su vez, está dispuesta de tal modo que contacta con la placa bimetálica (14) del interruptor magnetotérmico relacionado con la bobina (8b) con un eje férrico (18) interior que se mantiene en posición de reposo, oculto. En esta realización, la palanca (5) es solidaria con una plancha metálica (17). Figures 7 and 8 show a diagram of a plug base incorporating a stopcock of the circuit breaker type, with the plug base being deactivated, that is, unlocked, in the rest position, with no current in the figure. 7 and said plug base being activated, that is, locked, with current passage in Figure 8. In this embodiment, the interlocking system is similar to that already described. The displacement of the central plate (1) by inserting the plugs of the male plug into the parallel holes (2) activates the current passage by joining the contacts (4a) and (4b), drag the interlocking bar (5) from which the spike (10) (or notch (16), if applicable) is designed to connect with the tooth (13) of the lever (6), which, in turn, It is arranged in such a way that it contacts the bimetallic plate (14) of the circuit breaker related to the coil (8b) with an inner ferric shaft (18) that is kept in the rest position, hidden. In this embodiment, the lever (5) is integral with a metal plate (17).
Cuando se produce una sobrecarga, el incremento térmico deforma la placa bimetálica (14), la cual pierde el contacto con la palanca (6), que a su vez libera la púa (10) de la barra de enclavamiento (5) y automáticamente, barra de enclavamiento (5) y placa central (1) móvil se desplazan y se separan los contactos (4a) y (4b), interrumpiéndose el paso de corriente y volviendo el enchufe a la posición de reposo. When an overload occurs, the thermal increase deforms the bimetallic plate (14), which loses contact with the lever (6), which in turn releases the spike (10) from the interlocking bar (5) and automatically, interlocking bar (5) and mobile center plate (1) move and the contacts (4a) and (4b) are separated, interrupting the flow of current and returning the plug to the rest position.
Cuando se produce un cortocircuito, se desencadena un campo magnético que imanta el eje férrico (18) ubicado en el interior de la bobina en serie (8b), el cual se desplaza y emerge hasta enganchar la plancha metálica (17) vinculada a la palanca (6) o bien queda inmóvil y atrae dicha plancha metálica (17) que su vez arrastra a la palanca (6).When a short circuit occurs, a magnetic field is triggered that magnetizes the ferric shaft (18) located inside the series coil (8b), which moves and emerges until the metal plate (17) attached to the lever is engaged. (6) or it is still and attracts said metal plate (17) which in turn drags the lever (6).
En ambos casos, la fuerza magnética del eje férrico (18) retiene la plancha metálicaIn both cases, the magnetic force of the ferric shaft (18) retains the metal plate
(17) y con ella a la palanca (6), separándola de la barra de enclavamiento (5), que queda liberada. El resultado es el desenclavamiento del sistema y la desactivación de la base de enchufe al desplazarse conjuntamente la barra de enclavamiento (5) y la placa central (1) móvil y separarse los contactos (4a) y (4b), (17) and with it to the lever (6), separating it from the interlocking bar (5), which is released. The result is the unlocking of the system and the deactivation of the plug base when the interlocking bar (5) and the mobile central plate (1) move together and the contacts (4a) and (4b) are separated,
En base a lo anterior, cabe señalar que la conformación de la base de enchufe con protección de seguridad y consiguiente el sistema de activación y desactivación que se exponen implican ventajas sustanciales. Based on the above, it should be noted that the conformation of the plug base with safety protection and consequently the activation and deactivation system that are exposed imply substantial advantages.
Se consigue aglutinar en una sola pieza los medios mecánicos/eléctricos para disponer de un enchufe con doble sistema de seguridad, manteniendo las medidas estándar y normativas vigentes y sin encarecer en demasía el producto considerando la seguridad que ofrece. It is possible to combine the mechanical / electrical means in one piece to have a plug with double safety system, maintaining the standard and regulatory measures in force and without making the product more expensive considering the safety it offers.
Un primer sistema de seguridad permite que la base de enchufe movible quede inactiva cuando no hay una clavija insertada, es decir, sin paso de corriente eléctrica y que además, al ser necesario un desplazamiento (giro, etc.) de la placa central para activar la corriente, sigue estando inactiva aun cuando se introduzca de forma simultánea - a la vez - cualquier elemento metálico o no metálico en dichos orificios. De este modo, resulta imposible que la base de enchufe tenga paso de corriente cuando no hay una clavija insertada o si un niño mete los dedos en los orificios. A first safety system allows the movable plug base to be inactive when there is no plug inserted, that is, without an electrical current passage and that, in addition, if a displacement (rotation, etc.) of the central plate is necessary to activate the current is still inactive even when it is introduced simultaneously - at the same time - any metallic or non-metallic element in these holes. In this way, it is impossible for the plug base to have a power outlet when there is no plug inserted or if a child puts his fingers in the holes.
Un segundo sistema de seguridad automático permite que la base de enchufe movible quede sin corriente cuando, estando activada, es decir, con paso de corriente y una clavija insertada, se precipita el desenclavamiento de carácter eléctrico por magnetismo y/o por calentamiento según llave de paso e incidencia eléctrica (fuga, sobrecarga, cortocircuito... ) que pueda dañar la instalación eléctrica o el aparato que esté enchufado. Este segundo sistema supone incorporar en la misma base de enchufe un diferencial, magnetotérmico o cualquier tipo de llave de paso de corriente que desactiva y bloquea automáticamente el paso de corriente hasta que se solventa el problema/avería. En la práctica, esto significa que cada toma de corriente dispone de una llave de paso (diferencial, magnetotérmico, etc.) propia y única que funciona de forma independiente, sin interactuar con el resto de tomas que puedan existir vinculadas al cuadro general. Con esto, cualquier avería queda circunscrita a una única toma, que queda desactivada pero manteniendo el resto de tomas de corriente activadas y operativas, siendo una salvaguarda fundamental para el resto de equipos o aparatos que están conectados a la red eléctrica y en funcionamiento. De esta forma en caso de una avería, fuga de corriente, etc. del equipo eléctrico al enchufe, éste se desactivaría a través de la base de enchufe y en caso de un fallo de la instalación desde la base del enchufe hasta el cuadro eléctrico se desconectaría con el interruptor diferencial, magneto térmico etc. del mismo cuadro eléctrico. A second automatic safety system allows the movable plug base to run out of power when, when activated, that is, with a current passage and an inserted plug, the electrical release is triggered by magnetism and / or by heating according to the key electrical passage and incidence (leakage, overload, short circuit ...) that could damage the electrical installation or the device that is plugged in. This second system involves incorporating into the same socket a differential, magnetothermal or any type of current stopcock that automatically deactivates and blocks the current passage until the problem / fault is resolved. In practice, this means that each outlet has its own and unique stopcock (differential, magnetothermal, etc.) that works independently, without interacting with the rest of the sockets that may exist linked to the general picture. With this, any breakdown is limited to a single outlet, which is deactivated but keeping the rest of the electrical outlets activated and operational, being a fundamental safeguard for the rest of the equipment or devices that are connected to the mains and in operation. In this way in case of a breakdown, current leakage, etc. of the electrical equipment to the plug, this would be deactivated through the plug base and in case of a failure of the installation from the base of the plug to the electrical panel it would be disconnected with the differential switch, thermal magnet etc. of the same electrical panel.
En cuanto al funcionamiento de la base de enchufe es simple e intuitivo. Basta introducir la clavija en los orificios de la base con un movimiento de desplazamiento para que se active la conexión eléctrica con la aproximación de los contactos y el enclavamiento del sistema. Para extraer la clavija basta un movimiento manual, con lo que se separan los contactos, se desenclava el sistema y cesa el paso de corriente. Como se ha expuesto en esta memoria descriptiva, la base de enchufe trabaja con un movimiento de desplazamiento susceptible de ser en cualquier sentido, por ejemplo, ascendente/descendente, lateral, giratorio, etc. consiguiendo el mismo resultado de enclavamiento / desenclavamiento del sistema. En caso de fuga, el sistema funciona de forma automática. Al alterarse el flujo de la corriente y ser detectado por el diferencial, se crea un campo magnético que activa el sistema de desenclavamiento de la barra de enclavamiento relacionada con el electroimán, lo que desactiva el enchufe y en el caso de un cruce o mal funcionamiento del aparato eléctrico conectado, el magnetotérmico activa de inmediato el sistema de desenclavamiento con el calentamiento y deformación de la placa bimetálica o bien con la intervención del eje férrico de la bobina en serie que desenclavan, ambos, el mecanismo de retención de la placa móvil que, gracias al sistema de muelles, gira por sí misma, rompe la unión de los contactos y cesa el paso de corriente. As for the operation of the plug base is simple and intuitive. Simply insert the plug into the holes in the base with a sliding movement to activate the electrical connection with the approach of the contacts and the interlocking of the system. To remove the plug a manual movement is enough, with which the contacts are separated, the system is unlocked and the current flow ceases. As explained in this specification, the plug base works with a displacement movement capable of being in any direction, for example, ascending / descending, lateral, rotating, etc. achieving the same interlocking / unlocking system result. In case of leakage, the system works automatically. When the flow of the current is altered and detected by the differential, a magnetic field is created that activates the interlocking system of the interlocking bar related to the electromagnet, which deactivates the plug and in the event of a crossover or malfunction of the connected electrical device, the circuit breaker immediately activates the unlocking system with the heating and deformation of the bimetallic plate or with the intervention of the ferric axis of the series coil that unlocks both the retention mechanism of the mobile plate which, thanks to the spring system, rotates on its own, breaks the junction of the contacts and ceases the current flow.
Señalar que, novedosamente, la base de enchufe que se reivindica comprende un medio de selección cronométrica y/o de sensibilidad opcionalmente graduable y/o diferente del cuadro general que, ante cualquier alteración del paso de la corriente, regula la desconexión tanto del diferencial, del magnetotérmico o de cualquier llave de paso de corriente para que se produzca antes que un posible salto del control general, aun a pesar de estar conectadas en serie todas las tomas de corriente, las cuales, en una situación normal, saltarían simultáneamente por simpatía. Note that, novelly, the claimed plug base comprises a means of chronometric selection and / or of optionally adjustable sensitivity and / or different from the general picture which, before any alteration of the current flow, regulates the disconnection of both the differential, of the circuit breaker or of any current stopcock so that it occurs before a possible general control jump, even though all the power outlets are connected in series, which, in a normal situation, would simultaneously jump sympathetically.
El objetivo es, pues, que dicho selector permita ajusfar el tiempo de reacción del desenclavamiento de la nueva base de enchufe, de modo que sea el más mínimo posible respecto del salto del control general. Ello implica, lógicamente, un mejor funcionamiento del sistema eléctrico puesto que cada base de enchufe es un elemento desvinculado del resto en caso de cualquier alteración en el circuito eléctrico. The objective is, therefore, that said selector allows to adjust the reaction time of the unlocking of the new plug base, so that it is as minimal as possible with respect to the general control jump. This implies, of course, a better operation of the electrical system since each plug base is an element disconnected from the rest in case of any alteration in the electrical circuit.
Ello implica, lógicamente, un mejor funcionamiento del sistema eléctrico puesto que cada base de enchufe es un elemento desvinculado del resto en caso de cualquier alteración en el circuito eléctrico. This implies, of course, a better operation of the electrical system since each plug base is an element disconnected from the rest in case of any alteration in the electrical circuit.
En base a lo expuesto en esta descripción, en el caso de aplicar una llave de paso del tipo diferencial, resulta obvio que la barra de enclavamiento y el electroimán del interruptor diferencial se relacionan mediante el engarce de la púa o la muesca de la barra con el rebaje o la uña del electroimán, siendo igualmente funcional si la parte macho y la parte hembra están una pieza o en la otra. De igual modo, la relación entre la barra de enclavamiento y el electroimán del interruptor diferencial es igualmente funcional si ambas partes se relacionan mediante la palanca móvil que interviene como enlace. En definitiva, la incorporación de la base de enchufe que se reivindica supone incrementar la seguridad de la instalación eléctrica, incrementar la seguridad de las personas y proteger el medio ambiente de una forma sustancial, protegiendo también los aparatos eléctricos enchufados ya que solo salta el diferencial, magnetotérmico o cualquier llave de paso de corriente de la base del enchufe y no el diferencial general o magnetotérmico general. Based on what has been described in this description, in the case of applying a differential type stopcock, it is obvious that the interlocking bar and the electromagnet of the differential switch are related by means of the picking of the barb or the notch of the bar with the recess or the nail of the electromagnet, being equally functional if the male part and the female part are one piece or the other. Similarly, the relationship between the interlocking bar and the electromagnet of the differential switch is equally functional if both parts are related by means of the movable lever that intervenes as a link. In short, the incorporation of the claimed plug base means increasing the safety of the electrical installation, increasing the safety of people and protecting the environment in a substantial way, also protecting the plugged electrical devices since only the differential jumps , circuit breaker or any current stopcock from the base of the plug and not the general or circuit breaker general differential.
Por último, señalar que la base de enchufe descrita es susceptible de formar parte de una estructura móvil (portátil) con diferentes tomas de corriente del tipo base múltiple o regletas. Finally, it should be noted that the described plug base is capable of being part of a mobile (portable) structure with different sockets of the multiple base type or strips.
No se considera necesario hacer más extensa esta descripción para que cualquier experto en la materia comprenda el alcance de la invención y las ventajas que de la misma se derivan. Los materiales, forma, tamaño y disposición de los elementos serán susceptibles de variación siempre y cuando ello no suponga una alteración en la esencialidad del invento. Los términos en que se ha redactado esta memoria deberán ser tomados siempre en sentido amplio y no limitativo. It is not considered necessary to make this description more extensive so that any person skilled in the art understands the scope of the invention and the advantages derived therefrom. The materials, shape, size and arrangement of the elements will be subject to variation as long as this does not imply an alteration in the essentiality of the invention. The terms in which this report has been written must always be taken in a broad and non-limiting sense.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1a Base de enchufe movible con protección de seguridad, del tipo que comprende un cuerpo de material aislante, anclado a la pared, a simple vista o empotrado, con dos orificios paralelos (2) centralmente dispuestos con sendos casquillos receptores de las varillas metálicas de la clavija o enchufe macho, comprendiendo asimismo 1 a Movable plug base with safety protection, of the type comprising a body of insulating material, anchored to the wall, with the naked eye or recessed, with two parallel holes (2) centrally arranged with separate bushing of the metal rods of the plug or plug, also comprising
- una placa central (1) con capacidad de desplazamiento en un movimiento giratorio, horizontal, ascendente o descendente, lateral u oblicuo y que dispone de unos contactos (4a) y (4b) vinculados a cables eléctricos (9),  - a central plate (1) with displacement capacity in a rotating, horizontal, ascending or descending, lateral or oblique movement and having contacts (4a) and (4b) linked to electric cables (9),
- una barra de enclavamiento (5) con al menos una deformación que se concreta en una púa (10) o en una muesca (16).  - an interlocking bar (5) with at least one deformation that is specified in a spike (10) or in a notch (16).
- un interruptor/llave de paso  - a switch / stopcock
- un sistema de retorno caracterizada esencialmente porque el interruptor/llave de paso es del tipo diferencial y comprende un bobinado toroidal (8a) y un electroimán (7) conectados entre sí por hilos eléctricos (19), presentando el electroimán (7) una uña (11) o, en su caso, un rebaje de enclavamiento o bien el interruptor/llave de paso es del tipo magnetotérmico y comprende una placa bimetálica (14) y una bobina (8b) con un eje férrico (18) interno, contando con un selector que regula la desconexión de las llaves de paso.  - a return system essentially characterized in that the switch / stopcock is of the differential type and comprises a toroidal winding (8a) and an electromagnet (7) connected to each other by electric wires (19), the electromagnet (7) presenting a nail (11) or, where appropriate, a locking recess or the switch / stopcock is of the magnetothermal type and comprises a bimetallic plate (14) and a coil (8b) with an internal ferric shaft (18), with a selector that regulates the disconnection of the stopcocks.
2a Base de enchufe, según la 1a reivindicación, caracterizada esencialmente porque la barra de enclavamiento (5) se vincula con una palanca (6) mediante el engarce de su púa (10) con un diente (13) presente en la palanca (6). 2 a Plug base, according to claim 1, essentially characterized in that the interlocking bar (5) is connected to a lever (6) by means of the crimping of its barb (10) with a tooth (13) present in the lever ( 6).
3a Base de enchufe, según la 1a reivindicación caracterizada esencialmente porque la barra de enclavamiento (5) y el electroimán (7) del interruptor diferencial se relacionan mediante el engarce de la púa (10) o la muesca (16) con el rebaje o la uña (11) correspondientes. 3 a Plug base, according to claim 1, essentially characterized in that the interlocking bar (5) and the electromagnet (7) of the differential switch are connected by means of the picking of the spike (10) or the notch (16) with the recess or the corresponding nail (11).
4a Base de enchufe, según la 1a y 2a reivindicaciones, caracterizada esencialmente porque la barra de enclavamiento (5) y el electroimán (7) del interruptor diferencial se relacionan mediante la palanca (6). 5a Base de enchufe, según la 1a y 2a reivindicaciones, caracterizada esencialmente porque la barra de enclavamiento (5) y el eje férrico (18) de la bobina en serie (8b) del interruptor magnetotérmico se relacionan mediante la palanca (6), la cual está vinculada con una plancha metálica (17). 4 to Socket according to 1 and 2 to claims, essentially characterized in that the locking bar (5) and the electromagnet (7) of the differential switch are related by the lever (6). 5 Socket according to 1 and 2 to claims, essentially characterized in that the locking bar (5) and ferric axis (18) of the series coil (8b) of Magnetic circuit breaker are related by the lever (6), which is linked to a metal plate (17).
6a Base de enchufe, según la 1a y 2a reivindicaciones, caracterizada esencialmente porque el sistema de retorno comprende un sistema de muelles que incluye un primer muelle de retorno (3) situado centralmente en la placa central (1) y un segundo muelle menor (12) relacionado con la palanca (6). 6 Socket according to 1 and 2 to claims, essentially characterized in that the return system comprises a spring system including a first return spring (3) positioned centrally in the central plate (1) and a second spring minor (12) related to the lever (6).
7a Base de enchufe, según la 1a reivindicación, caracterizada esencialmente porque cuando el desplazamiento de la placa central (1) es un movimiento ascendente o descendente, horizontal, lateral u oblicuo, la barra de enclavamiento (5) desplazable se vincula a un botón o pulsador (15) integrado externamente en la base de enchufe o bien situado separadamente en un punto próximo a la misma. 8a Base de enchufe, según la 1a reivindicación, caracterizada esencialmente porque el selector que regula la desconexión de las llaves de paso se concreta en un medio mecánico de selección cronométrica y/o de sensibilidad opcionalmente graduable y/o diferente del cuadro general. 9a Sistema de activación de la base de enchufe movible, según las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado esencialmente porque el enclavamiento de la base de enchufe es de carácter mecánico y se activa con las siguientes acciones simultáneas7 a Plug base, according to claim 1, essentially characterized in that when the displacement of the central plate (1) is an upward or downward movement, horizontal, lateral or oblique, the movable interlocking bar (5) is linked to a button or button (15) integrated externally in the plug base or located separately at a point near it. 8 a Plug base, according to claim 1, essentially characterized in that the selector that regulates the disconnection of the stopcocks is specified in a mechanical means of chronometric selection and / or of optionally adjustable sensitivity and / or different from the general picture. 9 a Movable plug base activation system according to the preceding claims, characterized essentially in that the interlocking of the plug base is of a mechanical nature and is activated with the following simultaneous actions
- La inserción de la clavija en los orificios paralelos (2) con un movimiento de desplazamiento - The insertion of the plug in the parallel holes (2) with a movement of displacement
- El desplazamiento de la barra de enclavamiento con el mismo movimiento. - The displacement of the interlocking bar with the same movement.
- La unión de los contactos (4a) que sobresalen de la placa central (1) con los contactos (4b) vinculados a los cables eléctricos (9), permitiendo el paso de la corriente. - The union of the contacts (4a) that protrude from the central plate (1) with the contacts (4b) linked to the electric cables (9), allowing the passage of current.
- El enlace de la barra de enclavamiento (5) con la palanca (6) mediante la trabazón de la púa (10) y diente (13) respectivos, quedando la palanca (6) separada de la uña (11) del electroimán (7) del interruptor diferencial, la cual queda oculta.  - The linkage of the interlocking bar (5) with the lever (6) by means of the respective barb (10) and tooth (13), the lever (6) being separated from the nail (11) of the electromagnet (7) ) of the differential switch, which is hidden.
o  or
- La trabazón de la barra de enclavamiento (5), mediante la muesca (16), con la uña (11) del electroimán (7) del interruptor diferencial relacionado con la bobina - The locking of the interlocking bar (5), by means of the notch (16), with the nail (11) of the electromagnet (7) of the coil-related differential switch
(8a) mediante los hilos eléctricos (19) (8a) by electric wires (19)
o - La trabazón de la barra de enclavamiento (5) con la palanca (6) mediante la púa (10) y el diente (13), tocando la palanca (6) la placa bimetálica (14) del interruptor magnetotérmico. 10a Sistema de desactivación de la base de enchufe movible, según las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado esencialmente porque el desenclavamiento automático es de carácter eléctrico por magnetismo y/o por calentamiento según llave de paso e incidencia eléctrica y se precipita porque - La bobina (8a) se descompensa por una fuga o cambio de flujo de la corriente creando un campo magnético que activa el electroimán (7) del interruptor diferencial, cuya uña (11) salta, sobresale y empuja la palanca (6) cuyo diente (13) deja de retener la púa (10) de la barra de enclavamiento (5), de modo que, automáticamente, la barra de enclavamiento (5) y la placa central móvil (1), por la acción del muelle de retorno (3), giran, separándose los contactos (4a) yor - The locking of the interlocking bar (5) with the lever (6) by means of the barb (10) and the tooth (13), touching the lever (6) the bimetallic plate (14) of the circuit breaker. 10 a Deactivation system of the movable plug base, according to the preceding claims, characterized essentially in that the automatic unlocking is of an electric nature by magnetism and / or by heating according to a stopcock and electrical incidence and precipitates because - The coil (8a ) is decompensated by a leak or change of current flow creating a magnetic field that activates the electromagnet (7) of the differential switch, whose nail (11) jumps, protrudes and pushes the lever (6) whose tooth (13) stops retain the pin (10) of the interlocking bar (5), so that, automatically, the interlocking bar (5) and the mobile center plate (1), by the action of the return spring (3), rotate, separating contacts (4a) and
(4b) y interrumpiendo el paso de la corriente eléctrica. o - La placa bimetálica (14) del interruptor magnetotérmico se sobrecarga por un incremento térmico, deformándose y liberando la palanca (6), la cual suelta la púa (10) de la barra de enclavamiento (5) y automáticamente, barra de enclavamiento (5) y placa central móvil (1) se desplazan y se separan los contactos (4a) y (4b), interrumpiéndose el paso de corriente y volviendo la base enchufe a la posición inactiva. o (4b) and interrupting the passage of electric current. or - The bimetallic plate (14) of the circuit breaker is overloaded by a thermal increase, deforming and releasing the lever (6), which releases the barb (10) from the interlocking bar (5) and automatically, interlocking bar ( 5) and mobile central plate (1) move and the contacts (4a) and (4b) are separated, interrupting the current flow and returning the plug base to the inactive position. or
- El eje férrico (18) ubicado en el interior de la bobina (8b) del interruptor magnetotérmico se imanta por un campo magnético desencadenado por un cortocircuito, desplazándose y emergiendo dicho eje férrico (18) hasta tocar y retener la plancha metálica (17) vinculada a la palanca (6), o bien queda inmóvil atrayendo dicha plancha metálica (17) que a su vez arrastra a la palanca (6), separándola en ambos casos de la barra de enclavamiento (5), la cual queda liberada y, junto a la placa central móvil (1), se desplaza, los contactos (4a) y (4b) se separan y se interrumpe el paso de corriente, volviendo la base enchufe a la posición inactiva. - The ferric axis (18) located inside the coil (8b) of the circuit breaker is magnetized by a magnetic field triggered by a short circuit, moving and emerging said ferric axis (18) until touching and retaining the metal plate (17) linked to the lever (6), or it remains motionless by attracting said metal plate (17) which in turn drags the lever (6), separating it in both cases from the interlocking bar (5), which is released and, next to the mobile central plate (1), it moves, the contacts (4a) and (4b) are separated and the current passage is interrupted, returning the plug base to the inactive position.
PCT/ES2017/070206 2016-04-04 2017-04-04 Movable power socket with safety protective system and energising and de-energising system WO2017174848A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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ES201630402A ES2589639B1 (en) 2016-04-04 2016-04-04 MOBILE PLUG BASE WITH SAFETY PROTECTION AND ITS ACTIVATION AND DEACTIVATION SYSTEM
ESP201630402 2016-04-04

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