WO2017173792A1 - 显示模组及其控制方法、显示装置 - Google Patents

显示模组及其控制方法、显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017173792A1
WO2017173792A1 PCT/CN2016/101099 CN2016101099W WO2017173792A1 WO 2017173792 A1 WO2017173792 A1 WO 2017173792A1 CN 2016101099 W CN2016101099 W CN 2016101099W WO 2017173792 A1 WO2017173792 A1 WO 2017173792A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode
liquid crystal
electric field
display panel
observation position
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/101099
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
许睿
陈小川
赵文卿
王倩
王磊
杨明
高健
卢鹏程
牛小辰
丁小梁
Original Assignee
京东方科技集团股份有限公司
北京京东方光电科技有限公司
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Application filed by 京东方科技集团股份有限公司, 北京京东方光电科技有限公司 filed Critical 京东方科技集团股份有限公司
Priority to US15/537,647 priority Critical patent/US10274740B2/en
Publication of WO2017173792A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017173792A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G02B30/27—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0025—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration
    • G02B27/0037—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration with diffracting elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
    • G02B27/4205—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive optical element [DOE] contributing to image formation, e.g. whereby modulation transfer function MTF or optical aberrations are relevant
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/0006—Arrays
    • G02B3/0037—Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses
    • G02B3/0056—Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses arranged along two different directions in a plane, e.g. honeycomb arrangement of lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/0006—Arrays
    • G02B3/0075—Arrays characterized by non-optical structures, e.g. having integrated holding or alignment means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/1323—Arrangements for providing a switchable viewing angle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/001—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes using specific devices not provided for in groups G09G3/02 - G09G3/36, e.g. using an intermediate record carrier such as a film slide; Projection systems; Display of non-alphanumerical information, solely or in combination with alphanumerical information, e.g. digital display on projected diapositive as background
    • G09G3/003—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes using specific devices not provided for in groups G09G3/02 - G09G3/36, e.g. using an intermediate record carrier such as a film slide; Projection systems; Display of non-alphanumerical information, solely or in combination with alphanumerical information, e.g. digital display on projected diapositive as background to produce spatial visual effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
    • G09G3/3696—Generation of voltages supplied to electrode drivers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
    • H04N13/305—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using lenticular lenses, e.g. arrangements of cylindrical lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/0233—Improving the luminance or brightness uniformity across the screen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/06—Adjustment of display parameters
    • G09G2320/068—Adjustment of display parameters for control of viewing angle adjustment

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a display module, a control method thereof, and a display device.
  • the user views the display panel 10 at the center position O of the flat display panel 10, as shown in FIG. 1a, since the distance L1 between the user and the center of the display panel is smaller than the distance L2 between the user and the edge of the display panel, the user receives The brightness of the light emitted from the center of the display panel 10 is large, and the brightness of the light emitted by the user at the edge of the display panel 10 is small, thereby causing a brightness deviation and reducing the viewing effect.
  • Fig. 1b shows a curved display panel 10' having a certain curvature such that the distance between the user at the central position O' and the curved display panel 10' is substantially equal to avoid The above luminance deviation.
  • the thickness H is large, which is disadvantageous for placement or suspension, which affects the user experience.
  • An aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a display module including a display panel and a liquid crystal lens, the liquid crystal lens including a liquid crystal layer, wherein the liquid crystal lens is located on a display side of the display panel for emitting the display panel
  • the light rays converge in a horizontal direction to at least one observation position including a main observation position corresponding to the center of the display panel and a sub-observation position located on both sides of the main observation position.
  • the display panel is a flat display panel.
  • the liquid crystal lens further includes a first electrode and a second electrode respectively located at two sides of the liquid crystal layer, the second electrode includes a plurality of second sub-electrodes disposed at intervals; the first electrode and the second electrode It is configured to control a deflection angle of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer when a voltage is applied to the first electrode and the second electrode to cause the display panel to emit light to the main observation position.
  • the liquid crystal lens further includes a third electrode and a fourth electrode respectively located on two sides of the liquid crystal layer,
  • the fourth electrode includes spaced apart electrode groups; each electrode group includes a fourth sub-electrode disposed at intervals; the third electrode and the fourth electrode are configured to be applied with voltages when the third electrode and the fourth electrode are applied And controlling a deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to cause the display panel to emit light to the main observation position and the sub-observation position.
  • the display panel includes sub-pixels, and each of the electrode groups corresponds to two adjacent sub-pixels, one of which is used to display a left-eye image and the other sub-pixel is used to display a right-eye image.
  • the liquid crystal lens includes an upper substrate and a lower substrate disposed opposite to each other; the first electrode and the fourth electrode are located on the lower substrate, and the first electrode is insulated from the fourth electrode; The third electrode and the second electrode are located on the upper substrate, and the third electrode is insulated from the second electrode.
  • the liquid crystal lens further includes an alignment layer that is in contact with the upper and lower surfaces of the liquid crystal layer, respectively.
  • Another aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a display device comprising any of the display modules as described above.
  • a control method of a display module comprising: applying a voltage to the first electrode; to the left Applying a voltage to the second electrode of the region to form a first gradient electric field between the second electrode of the left region and the first electrode, the first gradient electric field gradually decreasing from left to right electric field intensity; Applying a voltage to the second electrode of the right region to form a second gradient electric field between the second electrode of the right region and the first electrode, and the electric field strength of the second gradient electric field gradually decreases from right to left; Under the action of the first gradient electric field and the second gradient electric field, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are deflected to form a first microlens to concentrate the output light of the display panel to the main observation position.
  • a control method of a display module comprising: applying a voltage to the third electrode; to the left Applying a voltage to the electrode group of the region such that a first gradient electric field is formed between the third electrode of the left region and each electrode group; under the action of the first gradient electric field, the liquid crystal molecules in the left region are deflected to form a plurality of a second microlens, each of the second microlenses corresponding to one electrode group; wherein each of the first gradient electric fields gradually decreases in intensity from left to right; a voltage is applied to the electrode groups in the right region, So that a second gradient electric field is formed between the third electrode of the right region and each electrode group; under the action of the second gradient electric field, liquid crystal molecules in the right region occur Deflecting, forming a plurality of third microlenses, each of the third microlenses corresponding to one
  • the electric field intensity of the first gradient electric field is sequentially decreased from left to right; in the right region, the electric field intensity of the second gradient electric field from right to left is sequentially decreased.
  • the liquid crystal lens includes the first electrode and the second electrode, it further includes applying the same and constant voltage to the first electrode and the second electrode.
  • applying the same and constant voltage to the first electrode and the second electrode before applying the voltage to the third electrode For example, applying the same and constant voltage to the first electrode and the second electrode before applying the voltage to the third electrode.
  • the method includes: applying a voltage to the third electrode; applying a voltage to a left region of each electrode group such that a first gradient electric field is formed between a left region of each electrode group and the third electrode, each first gradient The electric field increases in intensity from left to right; the voltage is applied to the right region of each electrode group such that a second gradient electric field is formed between the right region of each electrode group and the third electrode, each first gradient The electric field is sequentially decreased from right to left electric field intensity; under the action of the first gradient electric field and the second gradient electric field, liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are deflected to form a fourth microlens, each of the fourth microlenses Corresponding to one electrode group; under the action of the fourth microlens, the light emitted by two adjacent sub-pixel
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a display module, a control method thereof, and a display device.
  • the display module includes a display panel and a liquid crystal lens, and the liquid crystal lens includes a liquid crystal layer.
  • the liquid crystal lens is located on the display side of the display panel, and is configured to converge the light emitted by the display panel in a horizontal direction to at least one observation position.
  • the observation position includes a main observation position corresponding to the center of the display panel and a sub-observation position located on both sides of the main observation position.
  • the display module in the present disclosure adopts a flat display panel to realize the effect of the curved surface display, the curved display panel that needs to be bent is prevented from having the disadvantage that it is not easy to be placed and suspended.
  • 1a is a schematic structural view of a flat display panel
  • 1b is a schematic structural view of a curved display panel
  • FIG. 2a is a schematic diagram of an observation position of a display module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 2b is a top plan view along the F direction of Figure 2a;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a display module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another display module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4b is a schematic structural diagram of still another display module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the display module shown in FIG. 4b implementing 3D display
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for controlling a display module shown in FIG. 3 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of another method for controlling a display module shown in FIG. 4a or 4b according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart of another control method for implementing a 3D display of the display module shown in FIG. 4a or 4b according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the display module can include a display panel 10 and a liquid crystal lens 20.
  • the liquid crystal lens 20 is as shown in Fig. 2b (Fig. 2b is a view taken in the direction of F in Fig. 2a), and the liquid crystal lens 20 includes a liquid crystal layer 201.
  • the display panel 10 is a flat display panel.
  • the liquid crystal layer 201 may be located in a liquid crystal cell composed of the upper substrate 11 and the lower substrate 12.
  • the lower substrate 12 may be shared with a transparent substrate located at the uppermost end of the display side of the display panel 10 (ie, the side of the display panel 10 closest to the lower substrate 12, for example, the light emitting side of the display panel 10).
  • the lower substrate 12 may be shared with the substrate of the color filter substrate.
  • the lower substrate 12 can also be a single transparent substrate.
  • the display panel 10 may be an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) panel or an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) display panel, which is not limited in this disclosure.
  • LCD Liquid Crystal Display
  • OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode
  • the liquid crystal lens 20 is located on the display side of the display panel 10 (for example, the light exiting side of the display panel 10) for condensing the light emitted by the display panel 10 in the horizontal direction B to at least one observation position A,
  • the lens 20 converges the light to at least one observation position A, for example, by changing the direction in which the light emitted from the display panel 10 is transmitted in the horizontal direction B.
  • aggregation refers to changing the direction of transmission of light, rather than "converge" all rays at a certain point, that is, the user can see the display of the display panel 10 at a plurality of observation positions.
  • the image, or multiple users, can see the image displayed by the display panel 10 at multiple viewing locations simultaneously.
  • observation position A (including the sub-observation position A2 on both sides of the main observation position A1) indicated in the drawings of the embodiment of the present disclosure is only an indication of the observation position, and it is not only that the display panel display can be seen at these observation positions. Image.
  • the observation position A includes a main observation position A1 corresponding to the center of the display panel and a sub-observation position A2 located on both sides of the main observation position A1.
  • the horizontal direction B refers to the left side to the right side or the right side to the left side of the display panel 10 when the user is located on the observation plane 101 and faces the display panel 10.
  • the direction That is, after the light emitted by the display panel 10 passes through the liquid crystal lens 20, the left side can be left.
  • the light emitted from the right side is concentrated to the above observation position A.
  • the observation plane 101 is parallel to the display panel 10.
  • the central vertical plane 102 (shown in FIG. 2a) passes through the center of the display panel 10 or the liquid crystal lens 20 (E-E' as shown in FIG. 2b) and is perpendicular to the display panel 10 or the liquid crystal lens 20.
  • the position where the center vertical plane 102 intersects with the observation plane 101 is the main observation position A1.
  • the additional vertical surface 102' is located on both sides of the central vertical surface 102 and close to the central vertical surface 102, and is parallel to the central vertical surface 102.
  • the position of the additional vertical surface 102' intersecting the observation plane 101 is the above-mentioned sub-observation. Position A2.
  • the user when there is only one user watching, the user can be located at the above-mentioned main observation position A1.
  • the user may be located at the sub-observation position A2 near the main observation position A1 in addition to the main observation position A1. Since the liquid crystal lens 20 can converge the light emitted from the display panel 10 to at least one of the above-mentioned observation positions A, that is, the main observation position A1 and/or the sub-observation position A2, the user located at the main observation position A1 and/or the sub-observation position A2 is connected.
  • the brightness of the light rays received in all directions on the display panel 10 is equal or approximately equal, so that the user at any one of the observation positions can achieve the uniform brightness achieved by the curved surface display.
  • the distance between the sub-observation position A2 and the main observation position A1 may be different, generally, as the size of the display panel 10 increases, between the sub-observation position A2 and the main observation position A1. The distance also increases.
  • the present disclosure does not limit the distance between the sub-observation position A2 and the main observation position A1 as long as the user at the main observation position A1 and/or the sub-observation position A2 can receive the brightness of the light at each position on the display panel 10. They are all equal or approximately equal.
  • azimuth terms such as “left”, “right”, “upper”, and “lower” are defined relative to the orientation in which the various components in the display module are schematically placed, and it should be understood that these directionalities are understood. Terms are relative concepts that are used in relation to the description and clarification, which may vary accordingly depending on the orientation of the various components in the display module.
  • the display module having the flat display panel realizes a curved surface display effect (for example, the effect of uniform brightness achieved by the curved display)
  • the specific structure of the liquid crystal lens 20 is performed. Detailed examples.
  • the liquid crystal lens 20 can converge the light emitted from the display panel 10 in the horizontal direction to the main observation position A1.
  • the liquid crystal lens 20 may further include a first electrode 31 and a second electrode 32 which are respectively located on both sides of the liquid crystal layer 201.
  • the second electrode 32 includes a plurality of second sub-electrodes 320 that are spaced apart.
  • the deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecules 211 in the liquid crystal layer 201 can be controlled.
  • the light emitted from the display panel 10 is concentrated to the main observation position A1.
  • the initial state of the liquid crystal molecules 211 is a vertical state, so that the liquid crystal molecules 211 can be arranged in an orderly manner in the above initial state, thereby facilitating deflection of the liquid crystal molecules 211.
  • Angle control In order to realize the ordered arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules 211, an alignment layer (not shown) which is in contact with the upper and lower surfaces of the liquid crystal layer 201, respectively, may be formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the liquid crystal layer 201. The alignment layer is then subjected to an alignment treatment by a photo-alignment method or a rubbing alignment method so that the liquid crystal molecules 211 located between the upper and lower alignment layers can be arranged in an orderly manner.
  • the second electrode 32 includes a plurality of second sub-electrodes 320 disposed at intervals, when different voltages are applied to the different second sub-electrodes 320, different second sub-electrodes 320 and the first electrodes 31 may be formed. Different electric fields can be used to perform partition control on the deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecules 211 in the liquid crystal layer 201.
  • the deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecules 211 is subjected to partition control so that a first microlens 41 capable of covering the entire display panel 10 is formed in the liquid crystal layer 201. (eg convex lens).
  • a first microlens 41 capable of covering the entire display panel 10 is formed in the liquid crystal layer 201.
  • the liquid crystal lens 20 can be divided into a left region 01 and a right region 02 along the center of the liquid crystal lens 20 (i.e., E-E').
  • a voltage is applied to the first electrode 31, and then a gradient voltage is applied to the second electrode 32 of the left region 01 (ie, the voltage magnitude changes in a gradient), that is, from left to right to the second sub-electrode 320 in the left region 01.
  • the voltage is gradually decreased so that the intensity of the electric field formed between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 in the left region 01 gradually decreases from left to right.
  • the deflection angle of the liquid crystal layer 201 from the left to the right of the liquid crystal layer 201 in the left region 01 gradually decreases, so that the leftmost The liquid crystal molecules 211 at the ends are close to the horizontal state, and the liquid crystal molecules 211 at the rightmost end of the left region 01 (i.e., near the center of the liquid crystal lens 20 in the left region 01) are close to the vertical state.
  • a gradient voltage is also applied to the second electrode 32 of the right region 02, that is, the voltage applied from the right to the left to the second sub-electrode 320 in the right region 02 is gradually decreased, so that the first electrode 31 in the right region 02
  • the intensity of the electric field formed between the second electrode 32 gradually decreases from right to left.
  • the deflection angle of the liquid crystal layer 201 from the right to the left liquid crystal molecules 211 is gradually decreased, so that the rightmost liquid crystal molecules 211 are close to the horizontal state, and the right region 02 is the leftmost end (ie, the right region 02 is close to the liquid crystal lens).
  • the liquid crystal molecules 211 of 20 centers are close to the vertical state.
  • a first microlens 41 capable of covering the entire display panel 10 can be formed in the liquid crystal layer 201, so that the light of the first microlens 41 can be concentrated, and the light emitted from the display panel 10 can be concentrated to the main observation.
  • Position A1 a first microlens 41 capable of covering the entire display panel 10 can be formed in the liquid crystal layer 201, so that the light of the first microlens 41 can be concentrated, and the light emitted from the display panel 10 can be concentrated to the main observation.
  • the liquid crystal lens 20 can converge the light emitted from the display panel in the horizontal direction to the main observation position A1 and the sub-observation position A2.
  • the liquid crystal lens 20 includes a third electrode 33 and a fourth electrode 34 which are respectively located on both sides of the liquid crystal layer 201.
  • the fourth electrode 34 includes an electrode group 340 that is spaced apart.
  • Each of the electrode groups 340 includes a fourth sub-electrode 341 that is spaced apart.
  • an insulating layer (not shown) may be disposed between adjacent two electrode groups 340.
  • the liquid crystal lens 20 can simultaneously include the first electrode 31, the second electrode 32, the third electrode 33, and the fourth electrode 34, for example, the first electrode 31 and the fourth electrode 34 are located.
  • the first electrode 31 is insulated from the fourth electrode 34, for example, an insulating layer is provided between the first electrode 31 and the fourth electrode 34.
  • the third electrode 33 and the second electrode 32 are located on the upper substrate 11, and the third electrode 33 is insulated from the second electrode 32, for example, at the third electrode.
  • An insulating layer is disposed between the 33 and the second electrode 32.
  • first electrode 31 and the third electrode 33 may be planar electrodes
  • second sub-electrode 320 and the fourth sub-electrode 341 which are spaced apart may be strip-shaped or block-shaped electrodes.
  • the first electrode 31 may be used.
  • the same and constant voltage is applied to the second electrode 32, for example, the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 are grounded.
  • each of the electrode groups 340 includes the fourth sub-electrodes 341 which are disposed at intervals, so when different voltages are applied to the different fourth sub-electrodes 341, the fourth sub-different Different electric fields can be formed between the electrode 341 and the third electrode 33, so that the deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecules 211 in the liquid crystal layer 201 can be controlled by partition.
  • the yaw angle of the liquid crystal molecules 211 is subjected to zoning control so that a plurality of positions corresponding to the positions of the electrode groups 340 are formed in the liquid crystal layer 201 as shown in FIG. 4b.
  • a second microlens 42 (such as a convex lens) is shown.
  • the light emitted from the display panel 10 can be concentrated by the light concentrating action of the second microlens 42 to the main observation position A1 and the sub-observation position A2.
  • the liquid crystal lens 20 can be divided into a left region 01 and a right region 02 along the center of the liquid crystal lens 20 (i.e., E-E').
  • a voltage is applied to the third electrode 33, and then a gradient voltage is applied to each of the electrode groups 340 in the left region, for example, in the left region 01, the fourth sub-electrode 341 in each electrode group 340 is left to right.
  • the applied voltage is gradually reduced so that the electric field intensity formed between each of the electrode groups 340 and the third electrode 33 gradually decreases from left to right as shown in Fig. 4b.
  • the deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecules at the corresponding position of each of the electrode groups 340 in the left region 01 is gradually smaller from left to right, so that the leftmost liquid crystal molecules 211 are close to the horizontal state, and the rightmost liquid crystal molecules 211 are close to Vertical state.
  • each of the electrode groups 340 in the left region 01 corresponds to a second microlens 42 and, under the action of the second microlens 42, causes the light emitted by the display panel 10 in the left region 01 to converge to the main observation position A1 and The sub-observation position A2 located on both sides of the main observation position A1.
  • the voltage applied to the electrode group 340 in the right region 02 is similar to the left region 01, and will not be described again here.
  • the difference is that the deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecules at the corresponding position of each electrode group 340 in the right region 02 is gradually smaller from right to left, so that the rightmost liquid crystal molecules 211 are close to the horizontal state, and the leftmost liquid crystal molecules 211 are close to Vertical state.
  • the right area is shown in Figure 4b.
  • Each of the electrode groups 340 corresponds to a third microlens 43 and, under the action of the third microlens 43, causes the light emitted by the display panel 10 in the right region 01 to converge to the main observation position A1 and is located in the main observation. Sub-observation position A2 on both sides of position A1.
  • a plurality of second microlenses 42 are formed in the left region 01, and a plurality of first microlenses 42 are formed in the right region 02.
  • the three microlenses 43 converge the light emitted from the display panel 10 to the main observation position A1 and the sub-observation position A2 by the second microlens 42 and the third microlens 43 described above.
  • the third electrode 33 may be used.
  • the same and constant voltage is applied to the fourth electrode 34, for example, the third electrode 33 and the fourth electrode 34 described above are grounded.
  • the manner in which the voltage is applied to the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 is the same as that in the first embodiment.
  • the display panel 10 includes sub-pixels 103, each of which corresponds to two adjacent sub-pixels 103, one of which is for displaying a left-eye image, and the other sub-pixel 103 is for displaying a right image. Eye image.
  • different voltages may be input to different electrode groups 340 to realize liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 201.
  • the yaw angle of the 211 is subjected to zoning control such that a plurality of fourth microlenses 44 as shown in FIG. 5 corresponding to the positions of the electrode groups 340 are formed in the liquid crystal layer 201, and thus, by the action of the fourth microlenses 44, The light emitted by the adjacent sub-pixels 103 can be separately concentrated to the left eye L and the right eye R.
  • the electrode group 340 may be divided into a left region 01 and a right region 02 along the center of the electrode group 340.
  • the liquid crystal lens 20 includes the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32, the above two electrodes are grounded, and a voltage is applied to the third electrode 33.
  • a gradient voltage is applied to the left region 01 of each electrode group 340, for example, in the left region 01 of the electrode group 340, the voltage applied from the left to the right to the fourth sub-electrode 341 is gradually decreased, so that each electrode group 340 is left
  • the electric field intensity formed between the region 01 and the third electrode 33 gradually decreases from left to right as shown in FIG. 5, so that the leftmost end of the left region 01
  • the liquid crystal molecules 211 are close to the horizontal state, and the rightmost liquid crystal molecules 211 are close to the vertical state.
  • a gradient voltage is applied to the right region 02 of each electrode group 340, for example, in the right region 02 of the electrode group 340, the voltage applied from the right to the left to the fourth sub-electrode 341 is gradually decreased, so that each electrode group 340
  • the electric field intensity formed between the right region 02 and the third electrode 33 gradually decreases from right to left as shown in FIG. 5, so that the rightmost liquid crystal molecule 211 in the right region 02 is close to the horizontal state, and the leftmost liquid crystal molecule 211 is close to the vertical state.
  • a fourth microlens 44 can be formed in the liquid crystal layer 201 at a position corresponding to each of the electrode groups 340, so that the light emitted from the adjacent sub-pixels 103 can be separately collected to the left eye through the fourth microlens 44. L and right eye R.
  • first electrode 31, the second electrode 32, the third electrode 33, and the fourth electrode 34 may be made of a transparent conductive material, such as indium tin oxide or indium tin oxide.
  • first electrode 31, the second electrode 32, the third electrode 33, and the fourth electrode 34 may be made of a very thin metal material to ensure light transmittance.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a display device including any of the display modules described above.
  • the structure and beneficial effects of the display module have been described in detail in the foregoing embodiments, and are not described herein again.
  • the display device may specifically include at least a liquid crystal display device and an organic light emitting diode display device.
  • the display device may be any one of a liquid crystal display, a liquid crystal television, a digital photo frame, a mobile phone, or a tablet computer. A product or part that displays a function.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a control method for a display module as shown in FIG. 3, which divides the liquid crystal lens 20 into a left area 01 and a right area 02 along a center (E-E'), as shown in FIG. Including the following steps:
  • S102 Apply a voltage to the second electrode 32 of the left region 01 to form a first gradient electric field between the second electrode 32 of the left region 01 and the first electrode 31, and the electric field strength of the first gradient electric field is gradually decreased from left to right. small.
  • the voltage applied from the left to the right to the second sub-electrode 320 in the left region 01 is gradually decreased, so that the intensity of the electric field formed between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 in the left region 01 is from left to right. Gradually smaller.
  • the deflection angle of the liquid crystal layer 201 from the left to the right liquid crystal molecules 211 in the left region 01 gradually decreases, so that the leftmost liquid crystal molecules 211 are close to the horizontal state, and the rightmost liquid crystal The molecule 211 is close to the vertical state.
  • the voltage applied from the right to the left to the second sub-electrode 320 in the right region 02 is gradually decreased, so that the intensity of the electric field formed between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 in the right region 02 is from right to left. Gradually smaller.
  • the deflection angle of the liquid crystal layer 201 from the right to left liquid crystal molecules 211 in the right region 02 is gradually decreased, so that the rightmost liquid crystal molecules 211 are close to the horizontal state, and the leftmost liquid crystal molecules 211 are close to the vertical state. .
  • the liquid crystal molecules 211 in the liquid crystal layer 20 are deflected to form the first microlens 41 covering the entire display panel 10, so that the first microlens 41 can pass through.
  • the light converges to converge the outgoing light of the display panel 10 to the main observation position A1. Therefore, when only one user is watching, the user can be located at the above-mentioned main observation position A1, so that the effect of the curved surface display can be viewed.
  • steps S101, S102, and S103 is not limited herein.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a control method of the display module as shown in FIG. 4a or 4b.
  • the liquid crystal lens 40 is divided into a left area 01 and a right area 20 along the center (E-E'), as shown in FIG.
  • the above control method may include the following steps:
  • the liquid crystal lens 20 includes the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 as shown in FIG. 4b, in order to prevent the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 from being formed by the third electrode 33 and the fourth electrode 34, The electric field generates interference, and the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 can be applied with the same and constant voltage before performing the above-described step S201, for example, the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 are grounded.
  • S202 Apply a voltage to the electrode group 340 of the left region 01 such that a first gradient electric field is formed between the third electrode 33 of the left region 01 and each of the electrode groups 340.
  • the voltage applied from the left to the right of the fourth sub-electrode 341 in each of the electrode groups 340 is gradually decreased, so that the first electrode group 340 and the third electrode 33 are formed.
  • a gradient electric field gradually decreases in intensity from left to right.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 211 of the left region 01 are deflected to form a plurality of second microlenses 42, each of which corresponds to one electrode group 340.
  • the deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal molecules at the corresponding positions of each electrode group 340 of the left region 01 is gradually smaller from left to right, so that the leftmost liquid crystal molecules 211 are close to the horizontal state.
  • the rightmost liquid crystal molecule 211 is close to the vertical state.
  • each of the electrode groups 340 in the left region 01 corresponds to a second microlens 42 and, under the action of the second microlens 42, causes the light emitted by the display panel 10 in the left region 01 to converge to the main observation position A1 and The sub-observation position A2 located to the left of the main observation position A1.
  • S203 Apply a voltage to the electrode group 340 of the right region 02 such that a second gradient electric field is formed between the third electrode 33 of the right region 02 and each of the electrode groups 340.
  • the voltage applied from the right to the left to the second sub-electrode 320 in the right region 02 is gradually decreased, so that the intensity of the second gradient electric field formed between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 in the right region 02 is from It is gradually smaller from right to left.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 211 of the right region 02 are deflected to form a plurality of third microlenses 43, each of which corresponds to one electrode group.
  • the deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecules at the corresponding position of each of the electrode groups 340 in the right region 02 is gradually smaller from right to left, so that the rightmost liquid crystal molecules 211 are close to the horizontal state, and the leftmost liquid crystal molecules 211 are close to the vertical. Straight state.
  • each of the electrode groups 340 in the right region 02 corresponds to a third microlens 43 as shown in FIG. 4b, and under the action of the third microlens 43, the light emitted by the display panel 10 in the right region 01 is concentrated to The main observation position A1 and the sub-observation position A2 located to the right of the main observation position A1.
  • the emitted light of the display panel 10 is concentrated to the main observation position A1 and the sub-observation position A2.
  • one of the user positions and the main observation position A1 and the remaining users may be located at the secondary observation position A2 on both sides of the main observation position A1, so that a plurality of users can view the brightness.
  • the electric field intensity of the first gradient electric field from left to right is sequentially decreased, that is, the electric field intensity of the first gradient electric field formed between the leftmost electrode group 340 and the third electrode 33 in the left region 01 Maximum, and between the rightmost electrode group 340 and the third electrode 33
  • the electric field strength of the first gradient electric field formed is the smallest.
  • the electric field intensity of the second gradient electric field from right to left is sequentially decreased, that is, the electric field intensity of the first gradient electric field formed between the rightmost electrode group 340 and the third electrode 33 in the right region 02 is the largest.
  • the electric field intensity of the first gradient electric field formed between the leftmost electrode group 340 and the third electrode 33 is the smallest.
  • the electric field intensity applied to the liquid crystal layer 20 at the positions on the left and right sides of the display panel 10 is the largest, so that the convergence effect of the light at the left and right sides of the display panel 10 can be effectively improved.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a control method of a display module, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the electrode group 340 is divided into a left area 01 and a right area 02 along the center.
  • the above control method may include the following steps:
  • S302 Apply a voltage to the left region 01 of each electrode group 340 such that a first gradient electric field is formed between the left region of each electrode group 340 and the third electrode 33. Wherein, the electric field intensity of each of the first gradient electric fields decreases from left to right.
  • the voltage applied from the left to the right to the fourth sub-electrode 341 is gradually decreased, so that the electric field intensity formed between the left region 01 and the third electrode 33 of each electrode group 340 is made.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 211 at the leftmost end in the left region 01 are close to the horizontal state, and the liquid crystal molecules 211 at the rightmost end are close to the vertical state.
  • S303 Apply a voltage to the right region 02 of each electrode group 340 such that a second gradient electric field is formed between the right region 02 of each electrode group 340 and the third electrode 33.
  • the electric field strength of each of the first gradient electric fields decreases from right to left.
  • the voltage applied from the right to the left to the fourth sub-electrode 341 is gradually decreased, so that the electric field intensity formed between the right region 02 and the third electrode 33 of each of the electrode groups 340 is made.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 211 at the right end in the right region 02 are close to the horizontal state, and the liquid crystal molecules 211 at the leftmost end are close to the vertical state.
  • the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are deflected to form a fourth microlens 44, and each of the fourth microlenses 44 corresponds to one electrode group 340.
  • the light emitted by the two adjacent sub-pixels 103 corresponding to the fourth microlens 44 is respectively concentrated to the left eye L and the right eye R, thereby realizing 3D display.

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Abstract

一种显示模组。该显示模组包括显示面板（10）以及液晶透镜（20）。液晶透镜（20）包括液晶层（201），液晶透镜（20）位于显示面板（10）的显示侧，用于将显示面板（10）发出的光线沿水平方向汇聚至至少一个观测位置（A），观测位置（A）包括对应显示面板中心的主观测位置（A1）以及位于主观测位置（A1）两侧的副观测位置（A2）。一种具有上述显示模组的显示装置。一种上述显示模组的控制方法。

Description

显示模组及其控制方法、显示装置 技术领域
本公开的实施例涉及一种显示模组及其控制方法、显示装置。
背景技术
用户在正对平面显示面板10中心位置O处观看该显示面板10时，如图1a所示，由于用户与该显示面板中心的距离L1小于用户与该显示面板边缘的距离L2，因此用户接收到显示面板10中心发出光线的光亮度较大，而用户接收到显示面板10边缘发出光线的光亮度较小，从而产生亮度偏差，降低了观影效果。
图1b示出了一种曲面显示面板10’，该曲面显示面板10’具有一定的弯曲弧度，可以使得位于中心位置O’的用户与曲面显示面板10’上各处的距离L3大致相等，避免了上述亮度偏差。
然而，由于曲面显示面板10’具有一定的弧度，因此厚度H较大，不利于摆放或悬挂，影响了用户体验。
发明内容
本公开实施例的一方面，提供一种显示模组，包括显示面板以及液晶透镜，所述液晶透镜包括液晶层；所述液晶透镜位于所述显示面板的显示侧，用于将显示面板发出的光线沿水平方向汇聚至至少一个观测位置，所述观测位置包括对应显示面板中心的主观测位置以及位于所述主观测位置两侧的副观测位置。
例如，所述显示面板为平面显示面板。
例如，所述液晶透镜还包括分别位于所述液晶层两侧的第一电极和第二电极，所述第二电极包括间隔设置的多个第二子电极；所述第一电极和第二电极被配置为当第一电极和第二电极被施加电压时，可控制所述液晶层中的液晶分子的偏转角度，以使得所述显示面板出射光线汇聚至所述主观测位置。
例如，所述液晶透镜还包括分别位于液晶层两侧的第三电极和第四电极， 所述第四电极包括间隔设置的电极组；每一个电极组包括间隔设置的第四子电极；所述第三电极和第四电极被配置为当所述第三电极和第四电极被施加电压时，可控制所述液晶层中的液晶分子的偏转角度，以使得所述显示面板出射光线汇聚至所述主观测位置和副观测位置。
例如，所述显示面板包括亚像素，每一个所述电极组对应相邻的两个亚像素，其中一个亚像素用于显示左眼图像，另一个亚像素用于显示右眼图像。
例如，所述液晶透镜包括相对设置的上基板和下基板；所述第一电极和所述第四电极位于所述下基板上，且所述第一电极与所述第四电极绝缘；所述第三电极与所述第二电极位于所述上基板上，且所述第三电极与所述第二电极绝缘。
例如，所述液晶透镜还包括分别与所述液晶层的上、下表面接触的取向层。
本公开实施例的另一方面，提供一种显示装置，包括如上述所述的任意一种显示模组。
本公开实施例的又一方面，提供一种显示模组的控制方法，其中，将液晶透镜沿中心划分为左区域和右区域，所述方法包括：向第一电极施加电压；向所述左区域的第二电极施加电压，以在所述左区域的第二电极与所述第一电极之间形成第一梯度电场，所述第一梯度电场从左至右电场强度逐渐减小；向所述右区域的第二电极施加电压，以在所述右区域的第二电极与所述第一电极之间形成第二梯度电场，所述第二梯度电场从右至左电场强度逐渐减小；在第一梯度电场和第二梯度电场的作用下，液晶层中的液晶分子发生偏转，形成第一微透镜，以将显示面板出射光线汇聚至主观测位置。
本公开实施例的再一方面，提供一种显示模组的控制方法，将液晶透镜沿中心划分为左区域和右区域，所述方法包括：向所述第三电极施加电压；向所述左区域的电极组施加电压，以使得所述左区域的第三电极与每一个电极组之间形成一个第一梯度电场；在第一梯度电场的作用下，左区域的液晶分子发生偏转，形成多个第二微透镜，每一个第二微透镜对应一个电极组；其中，每一个所述第一梯度电场从左至右电场强度逐渐减小；向所述右区域的所述电极组施加电压，以使得所述右区域的第三电极与每一个电极组之间形成一个第二梯度电场；在第二梯度电场的作用下，右区域的液晶分子发生 偏转，形成多个第三微透镜，每一个第三微透镜对应一个电极组；其中，每一个所述第二梯度电场从右至左电场强度逐渐减小；在所述第二微透镜和所述第三微透镜的作用下，显示面板出射光线汇聚至主观测位置和副观测位置。
例如，所述左区域中，从左至右所述第一梯度电场的电场强度依次减小；所述右区域中，从右至左所述第二梯度电场的电场强度依次减小。
例如，在所述液晶透镜包括第一电极和第二电极的情况下，还包括向所述第一电极和所述第二电极施加相同且恒定的电压。
例如，向所述第一电极和所述第二电极施加相同且恒定的电压在所述向所述第三电极施加电压之前。
本公开实施例的又一方面，在显示面板包括亚像素，每一个电极组对应两个相邻的亚像素的情况下，将所述电极组沿中心划分成左区域和右区域，所述方法包括：向所述第三电极施加电压；向每一个电极组的左区域施加电压，以使得每一个电极组的左区域与所述第三电极之间形成第一梯度电场，每一个第一梯度电场从左至右电场强度依次减小；向每一个电极组的右区域施加电压，以使得每一个电极组的右区域与所述第三电极之间形成第二梯度电场，每一个第一梯度电场从右至左电场强度依次减小；在所述第一梯度电场和所述第二梯度电场的作用下，液晶层中的液晶分子发生偏转，形成第四微透镜，每一个第四微透镜对应一个电极组；在第四微透镜的作用下，将与该第四微透镜对应的两个相邻的亚像素发出的光线分别汇聚至左眼和右眼。
本公开实施例提供一种显示模组及其控制方法、显示装置，该显示模组包括显示面板以及液晶透镜，液晶透镜包括液晶层。该液晶透镜位于显示面板的显示侧，用于将显示面板发出的光线沿水平方向汇聚至至少一个观测位置。其中，该观测位置包括对应显示面板中心的主观测位置以及位于主观测位置两侧的副观测位置。这样，通过液晶透镜将显示面板发出的光线汇聚至至少一个上述观测位置时，使得位于上述观测位置的用户接收到显示面板上各个方向上的光线亮度相等或近似相等，从而达到了曲面显示的效果(例如曲面显示亮度均匀的效果)。由于本公开中的显示模组采用平面的显示面板实现曲面显示的效果，因此避免了自身需要弯曲的曲面显示面板具有不易于摆放和悬挂的缺点。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本公开的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1a为一种平面的显示面板的结构示意图；
图1b为一种曲面的显示面板的结构示意图；
图2a为本公开实施例提供的显示模组的观测位置的示意图；
图2b为图2a中沿F向的俯视示意图；
图3为本公开实施例提供的一种显示模组的结构示意图；
图4a为本公开实施例提供的另一种显示模组的结构示意图；
图4b为本公开实施例提供的又一种显示模组的结构示意图；
图5为图4b所示的显示模组实现3D显示的示意图；
图6为本公开实施例提供的一种如图3所示的显示模组的控制方法流程图；
图7为本公开实施例提供的另一种如图4a或4b所示的显示模组的控制方法流程图；以及
图8为本公开实施例提供的另一种如图4a或4b所示的显示模组实现3D显示的控制方法流程图。
附图标记
01-左区域；02-右区域；10-显示面板；10’-曲面的显示面板；11-上基板；12-下基板；101-观测平面；102-中心垂面；102’-附加垂面；103-亚像素；20-液晶透镜；201-液晶层；211-液晶分子；31-第一电极；32-第二电极；320-第二子电极；33-第三电极；34-第四电极；340-电极组；341-第四子电极；41-第一微透镜；42-第二微透镜；43-第三微透镜；44-第四微透镜；A-观测位置；A1-主观测位置；A2-副观测位置；B-水平方向；L-左眼；R-右眼。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本公开实施例中的附图，对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本公开一部分实施例，而 不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
本公开的实施例提供一种显示模组，如图2a所示，该显示模组可以包括显示面板10以及液晶透镜20。该液晶透镜20如图2b(图2b为图2a的F向视图)所示，该液晶透镜20包括液晶层201。
例如，显示面板10为平面的显示面板。
例如，如图3所示，液晶层201可以位于由上基板11和下基板12构成的液晶盒中。该下基板12可以与位于显示面板10显示侧最上端(即显示面板10最靠近下基板12的一侧，例如为显示面板10的出光侧)的透明基板共用。例如，当显示面板10包括彩膜基板时，下基板12可以与该彩膜基板的衬底基板共用。例如，下基板12也可以为一单独的透明基板。
例如，显示面板10可以为LCD(Liquid Crystal Display，液晶显示)面板或者OLED(Organic Light Emitting Diode，有机发光二极管)显示面板，本公开对此不做限定。
例如，如图2b所示，液晶透镜20位于显示面板10的显示侧(例如显示面板10的出光侧)，用于将显示面板10发出的光线沿水平方向B汇聚至至少一个观测位置A，液晶透镜20例如通过改变显示面板10发出的光线在水平方向B上的传输方向使光线汇聚至至少一个观测位置A。
例如，本公开中所述的“汇聚”是指改变光线的传输方向，而不是将所有光线“会聚”在某个点，也就是说，用户可以在多个观测位置看到显示面板10显示的图像，或者多个用户可以同时在多个观测位置看到显示面板10显示的图像。
例如，本公开实施例附图中标出的观测位置A(包括主观测位置A1两侧的副观测位置A2)仅仅是观测位置的一个示意，而不是说只有在这些观测位置才能看到显示面板显示的图像。
例如，观测位置A包括对应显示面板中心的主观测位置A1以及位于该主观测位置A1两侧的副观测位置A2。
需要说明的是，如图2b所示，上述水平方向B是指用户位于观测平面101且正对显示面板10时，显示面板10的左侧边到右侧边，或者右侧边到左侧边的方向。即显示面板10发出的光线经过液晶透镜20后，可以将左侧 和右侧发出的光线汇聚至上述观测位置A。例如，观测平面101与显示面板10平行。
在此情况下，中心垂面102(如图2a所示)通过显示面板10或液晶透镜20的中心(如图2b所示的E-E’)并与该显示面板10或液晶透镜20垂直的，该中心垂面102与上述观测平面101交叉的位置为上述主观测位置A1。例如，附加垂面102’在上述中心垂面102两侧且靠近中心垂面102的位置，并与该中心垂面102平行，上述附加垂面102’与观测平面101交叉的位置为上述副观测位置A2。
例如，当只有一个用户观影时，该用户可以位于上述主观测位置A1。而当多个用户观影时，除了位于上述主观测位置A1以外，用户还可以位于该主观测位置A1附近的副观测位置A2。由于液晶透镜20能够将显示面板10发出的光线汇聚至至少一个上述观测位置A，即主观测位置A1和/或副观测位置A2，因此位于主观测位置A1和/或副观测位置A2的用户接够接收到显示面板10上各个方向上的光线的亮度均相等或近似相等，从而使得位于任意一个观测位置的用户均可以实现曲面显示达到的亮度均匀的效果。
例如，对于不同的尺寸的显示面板10，上述副观测位置A2与主观测位置A1之间的距离可以不同，通常随着显示面板10尺寸的增加，副观测位置A2与主观测位置A1之间的距离也随之增加。本公开对副观测位置A2与主观测位置A1之间的距离不做限定，只要能够保证位于主观测位置A1和/或副观测位置A2的用户能够接收到显示面板10上各个位置上的光线亮度均相等或近似相等即可。
本文中，“左”、“右”、“上”和“下”等方位术语是相对于附图中的显示模组中各个部件示意置放的方位来定义的，应当理解到，这些方向性术语是相对的概念，它们用于相对于的描述和澄清，其可以根据显示模组中各个部件所放置的方位的变化而相应地发生变化。
以下分别对只有一个用户观影和多个用户观影时，当具有平面显示面板的显示模组实现曲面显示效果(例如曲面显示达到的亮度均匀的效果)时，上述液晶透镜20的具体结构进行详细的举例说明。
实施例一
本实施例中只有一个用户观影，此时该用户可以位于上述主观测位置A1 处，因此上述液晶透镜20可以将显示面板10发出的光线沿水平方向汇聚至该主观测位置A1。
在此情况下，如图3所示，上述液晶透镜20还可以包括分别位于液晶层201两侧的第一电极31和第二电极32。该第二电极32包括间隔设置的多个第二子电极320。
例如，当对第一电极31和第二电极32分别施加不同的电压时，第一电极31和第二电极32之间能够形成电场，从而可以控制液晶层201中的液晶分子211的偏转角度，以使得显示面板10出射光线汇聚至上述主观测位置A1。
需要说明的是，在液晶透镜20中未形成电场时，液晶分子211的初始状态为竖直状态，以使得液晶分子211能够在上述初始状态时呈有序排列，从而便于对液晶分子211的偏转角度进行控制。为了实现液晶分子211的有序排列，可以在液晶层201的上、下表面分别制作与该液晶层201的上、下表面分别相接触的取向层(图中未示出)。然后通过光取向方法或者摩擦取向方法对上述取向层进行取向处理，以使得位于上、下两层取向层之间的液晶分子211能够有序的排列。
例如，由于第二电极32包括间隔设置的多个第二子电极320，因此当向不同的第二子电极320施加不同的电压时，不同第二子电极320与第一电极31之间可以形成不同的电场，从而可以对液晶层201中的液晶分子211的偏转角度进行分区控制。
例如，当需要将显示面板10出射光线汇聚至上述主观测位置A1时，对液晶分子211的偏转角度进行分区控制，使得在液晶层201内形成一个能够覆盖整个显示面板10的第一微透镜41(例如凸透镜)。这样，通过该第一微透镜41的光线汇聚作用，可以将显示面板10出射光线汇聚至上述主观测位置A1。例如，可以沿液晶透镜20的中心(即E-E’)将液晶透镜20分为左区域01和右区域02。例如，向第一电极31施加电压，然后向左区域01的第二电极32施加一梯度电压(即电压大小呈梯度变化)，即在左区域01中从左至右向第二子电极320施加的电压逐渐减小，以使得左区域01内第一电极31与第二电极32之间形成的电场的强度从左至右逐渐减小。此时，左区域01中液晶层201从左至右液晶分子211的偏转角度逐渐减小，使得最左 端的液晶分子211接近于水平状态，而左区域01最右端(即左区域01中靠近液晶透镜20中心)的液晶分子211接近于竖直状态。
例如，向右区域02的第二电极32也施加一梯度电压，即在右区域02中从右至左向第二子电极320施加的电压逐渐减小，以使得右区域02内第一电极31与第二电极32之间形成的电场的强度从右至左逐渐减小。例如，右区域02中液晶层201从右至左液晶分子211的偏转角度逐渐减小，使得最右端的液晶分子211接近于水平状态，而右区域02最左端(即右区域02中靠近液晶透镜20中心)的液晶分子211接近于竖直状态。这样，就可以在液晶层201内形成一个能够覆盖整个显示面板10的第一微透镜41，从而可以通过该第一微透镜41的光线汇聚作用，可以将显示面板10出射光线汇聚至上述主观测位置A1。
实施例二
本实施例中具有多个用户观影，此时其中一个用户位置与主观测位置A1，而其余的用户可以位于上述主观测位置A1两侧的副观测位置A2。上述液晶透镜20可以将显示面板发出的光线沿水平方向汇聚至上述主观测位置A1和副观测位置A2。
例如，如图4a所示，液晶透镜20包括分别位于液晶层201两侧的第三电极33和第四电极34。该第四电极34包括间隔设置的电极组340。每一个电极组340包括间隔设置的第四子电极341。为了避免相邻两个电极组340之间发生信号干扰，可以在相邻两个电极组340之间设置绝缘层(图中未示出)。
当对上述第三电极33和第四电极34施加不同的电压时，第三电极33和第四电极34之间能够形成电场，从而可以控制液晶层20中的液晶分子211的偏转角度，以使得显示面板10出射光线汇聚至上述主观测位置A1和副观测位置A2。
需要说明的是，如图4b所示，液晶透镜20可以同时包括第一电极31、第二电极32、第三电极33以及第四电极34时，例如，第一电极31和第四电极34位于下基板12上，且第一电极31与第四电极34绝缘，例如在第一电极31和第四电极34之间设置有绝缘层。此外，第三电极33与第二电极32位于上基板11上，且第三电极33与第二电极32绝缘，例如在第三电极 33和第二电极32之间设置有绝缘层。
例如，上述第一电极31和第三电极33可以为面状电极，而间隔设置的第二子电极320和第四子电极341可以为条状或者为块状电极。
例如，当对第三电极33和第四电极34充电时，为了避免第一电极31和第二电极32对由第三电极33和第四电极34形成的电场产生干扰，可以将第一电极31和第二电极32施加相同且恒定的电压，例如将第一电极31和第二电极32接地。
例如，由于第四电极34包括间隔设置的电极组340，每一个电极组340包括间隔设置的第四子电极341，因此当向不同的第四子电极341施加不同的电压时，不同第四子电极341与第三电极33之间可以形成不同的电场，从而可以对液晶层201中的液晶分子211的偏转角度进行分区控制。
例如，当需要将显示面板10出射光线汇聚至上述副观测位置A2时，对液晶分子211的偏转角度进行分区控制，使得在液晶层201内形成多个与电极组340位置相对应的如图4b所示的第二微透镜42(例如凸透镜)。这样，通过该第二微透镜42的光线汇聚作用，可以将显示面板10出射光线汇聚至上述主观测位置A1和副观测位置A2。例如，可以沿液晶透镜20的中心(即E-E’)将液晶透镜20分为左区域01和右区域02。
例如，向第三电极33施加电压，然后向左区域的每一个电极组340施加一梯度电压，例如在左区域01中，对每一个电极组340内的第四子电极341从左至右向施加的电压逐渐减小，以使得每一个电极组340与第三电极33之间形成的电场强度从左至右如图4b所示逐渐减小。此时，左区域01中每一个电极组340对应位置处的液晶分子的偏转角度从左至右逐渐较小，使得最左端的液晶分子211接近于水平状态，而最右端的液晶分子211接近于竖直状态。这样，左区域01中每一个电极组340对应一个第二微透镜42，并在该第二微透镜42的作用下，使得上述左区域01内显示面板10发出的光线汇聚至主观测位置A1以及位于该主观测位置A1两侧的副观测位置A2。
例如，对右区域02中的电极组340施加电压的方式与左区域01类似，此处不再赘述。区别在于，右区域02中每一个电极组340对应位置处的液晶分子的偏转角度从右至左逐渐较小，使得最右端的液晶分子211接近于水平状态，而最左端的液晶分子211接近于竖直状态。这样，如图4b所示右区域 02中每一个电极组340对应一个第三微透镜43，并在该第三微透镜43的作用下，使得上述右区域01内显示面板10发出的光线汇聚至主观测位置A1以及位于该主观测位置A1两侧的副观测位置A2。
需要说明的是，为了附图的清楚，图4b中仅示出了部分光线，但并不表示只有图中示出的光线存在。
例如，在实施例二中，通过分别在左区域01和右区域中对电极组340输入不同的梯度电压，以在左区域01形成多个第二微透镜42，在右区域02形成多个第三微透镜43，通过上述第二微透镜42和第三微透镜43将显示面板10出射光线汇聚至主观测位置A1和副观测位置A2。
需要说明的是，在液晶透镜20的结构如图4b所示的情况下，当具有该液晶透镜20的显示模组需要实现一个用户观影时的曲面显示效果时，可以将上述第三电极33和第四电极34施加相同且恒定的电压，例如将上述第三电极33和第四电极34接地。而对第一电极31和第二电极32施加电压的方式同实施例一所述。
例如，采用如图4a或如图4b所示的液晶透镜时，还可以实现3D显示。如图5所示，显示面板10包括亚像素103，每一个电极组340对应相邻的两个亚像素103，其中一个亚像素103用于显示左眼图像，另一个亚像素103用于显示右眼图像。
例如，当需要将两个相邻的亚像素103发出的光线分别汇聚至左眼L和右眼R时，可以对不同的电极组340输入不同的电压，以实现对液晶层201中的液晶分子211的偏转角度进行分区控制，使得在液晶层201内形成多个与电极组340位置相对应的如图5所示的第四微透镜44，这样，通过该第四微透镜44的作用下，可以将相邻的亚像素103发出的光线分别汇聚至左眼L和右眼R。
例如，可以沿电极组340的中心将该电极组340划分成左区域01和右区域02。例如，当液晶透镜20包括第一电极31和第二电极32时，将上述两个电极接地，并对第三电极33施加电压。向每一个电极组340的左区域01施加梯度电压，例如在电极组340的左区域01中，从左至右向第四子电极341施加的电压逐渐减小，以使得每一个电极组340左区域01与第三电极33之间形成的电场强度从左至右如图5所示逐渐减小，使得左区域01中最左端 的液晶分子211接近于水平状态，而最右端的液晶分子211接近于竖直状态。
例如，向每一个电极组340的右区域02施加梯度电压，例如在电极组340的右区域02中，从右至左向第四子电极341施加的电压逐渐减小，以使得每一个电极组340右区域02与第三电极33之间形成的电场强度从右至左如图5所示逐渐减小，使得右区域02中最右端的液晶分子211接近于水平状态，而最左端的液晶分子211接近于竖直状态。
这样，就可以在液晶层201内形成对应每一个电极组340的位置形成一个第四微透镜44，从而可以通过该第四微透镜44将相邻的亚像素103发出的光线分别汇聚至左眼L和右眼R。
需要说明的是，上述第一电极31、第二电极32、第三电极33以及第四电极34可以采用透明导电材料制作，例如氧化铟锡或者氧化铟锡。或者第一电极31、第二电极32、第三电极33以及第四电极34还可以采用很薄的金属材料构成，保证光线的透过率。
本公开实施例提供一种显示装置，包括如上所述的任意一种显示模组。由于前述实施例已经对显示模组的结构和有益效果进行了详细的说明，此处不再赘述。
需要说明的是，在本公开实施例中，显示装置具体至少可以包括液晶显示装置和有机发光二极管显示装置，例如该显示装置可以为液晶显示器、液晶电视、数码相框、手机或平板电脑等任何具有显示功能的产品或者部件。
本公开实施例提供一种如图3所示的显示模组的控制方法，将液晶透镜20沿中心(E-E’)划分为左区域01和右区域02，如图6所示，上述方法包括如下步骤：
S101：向第一电极31施加电压。
S102：向左区域01的第二电极32施加电压，以在左区域01的第二电极32与第一电极31之间形成第一梯度电场，该第一梯度电场从左至右电场强度逐渐减小。
例如，在左区域01中从左至右向第二子电极320施加的电压逐渐减小，以使得左区域01内第一电极31与第二电极32之间形成的电场的强度从左至右逐渐较小。此时，左区域01中液晶层201从左至右液晶分子211的偏转角度逐渐减小，使得最左端的液晶分子211接近于水平状态，而最右端的液晶 分子211接近于竖直状态。
S103：向右区域02的第二电极32施加电压，以右区域02的第二电极32与第一电极31之间形成第二梯度电场，该第二梯度电场从右至左电场强度逐渐减小。
例如，在右区域02中从右至左向第二子电极320施加的电压逐渐减小，以使得右区域02内第一电极31与第二电极32之间形成的电场的强度从右至左逐渐较小。在此情况下，右区域02中液晶层201从右至左液晶分子211的偏转角度逐渐减小，使得最右端的液晶分子211接近于水平状态，而最左端的液晶分子211接近于竖直状态。
这样，在上述第一梯度电场和第二梯度电场的作用下，液晶层20中的液晶分子211发生偏转，形成覆盖整个显示面板10的第一微透镜41，从而可以通过该第一微透镜41的光线汇聚作用，将显示面板10出射光线汇聚至主观测位置A1。从而当只有一个用户观影时，该用户可以位于上述主观测位置A1，从而可以观看到曲面显示的效果。
例如，步骤S101、S102、S103的顺序在此不做限定。
本公开实施例提供一种如图4a或图4b所示显示模组的控制方法，将液晶透镜40沿中心(E-E’)划分为左区域01和右区域20，如图7所示，上述控制方法可以包括如下步骤：
S201：向第三电极33施加电压。
需要说明的是，当液晶透镜20如图4b所示包括第一电极31、第二电极32时，为了避免第一电极31和第二电极32对由第三电极33和第四电极34形成的电场产生干扰，可以在执行上述步骤S201之前将第一电极31和第二电极32施加相同且恒定的电压，例如将第一电极31和第二电极32接地。
S202：向左区域01的电极组340施加电压，以使得左区域01的第三电极33与每一个电极组340之间形成一个第一梯度电场。
例如，在左区域01中，对每一个电极组340内的第四子电极341从左至右向施加的电压逐渐减小，以使得每一个电极组340与第三电极33之间形成的第一梯度电场从左至右电场强度逐渐减小。
此时，在第一梯度电场的作用下，左区域01的液晶分子211发生偏转，形成多个第二微透镜42，每一个第二微透镜42对应一个电极组340。例如， 在第一梯度电场的作用下，左区域01的每一个电极组340对应位置处的液晶分子的液晶分子的偏转角度从左至右逐渐较小，使得最左端的液晶分子211接近于水平状态，而最右端的液晶分子211接近于竖直状态。这样，左区域01中每一个电极组340对应一个第二微透镜42，并在该第二微透镜42的作用下，使得上述左区域01内显示面板10发出的光线汇聚至主观测位置A1以及位于该主观测位置A1左边的副观测位置A2。
S203：向右区域02的电极组340施加电压，以使得右区域02的第三电极33与每一个电极组340之间形成一个第二梯度电场。
例如，在右区域02中从右至左向第二子电极320施加的电压逐渐减小，以使得右区域02内第一电极31与第二电极32之间形成的第二梯度电场的强度从右至左逐渐较小。
此外，在第二梯度电场的作用下，右区域02的液晶分子211发生偏转，形成多个第三微透镜43，每一个第三微透镜43对应一个电极组。例如，右区域02中每一个电极组340对应位置处的液晶分子的偏转角度从右至左逐渐较小，使得最右端的液晶分子211接近于水平状态，而最左端的液晶分子211接近于竖直状态。这样，如图4b所示右区域02中每一个电极组340对应一个第三微透镜43，并在该第三微透镜43的作用下，使得上述右区域01内显示面板10发出的光线汇聚至主观测位置A1以及位于该主观测位置A1右边的副观测位置A2。
这样，在第二微透镜42和第三微透镜43的作用下，显示面板10出射光线汇聚至主观测位置A1和副观测位置A2。在此情况下，多个用户观看时，其中一个用户位置与主观测位置A1，而其余的用户可以位于上述主观测位置A1两侧的副观测位置A2，使得多个用户均能够观看到亮度较为均匀的画面。
需要说明的是，如图4b所示，由于上述副观测位置A2位于主观测位置A1附近，因此距离显示面板10的左、右两侧的距离较远，所以为了提高显示面板10左、右两侧光线的亮度，需要提高上述两侧光线的汇聚效果。
在此情况下，需要增加位于显示面板10左、右两侧位置处施加于液晶层20上的电场强度。例如，可以左区域01中，从左至右第一梯度电场的电场强度依次减小，即左区域01中最左端的电极组340与第三电极33之间形成的第一梯度电场的电场强度最大，而最右端的电极组340与第三电极33之间 形成的第一梯度电场的电场强度最小。此外，在右区域中，从右至左第二梯度电场的电场强度依次减小，即右区域02中最右端的电极组340与第三电极33之间形成的第一梯度电场的电场强度最大，而最左端的电极组340与第三电极33之间形成的第一梯度电场的电场强度最小。这样，显示面板10左、右两侧位置处施加于液晶层20上的电场强度最大，从而可以有效提高显示面板10左、右两侧位置光线的汇聚效果。
本公开实施例提供一种显示模组的控制方法，如图5所示。在显示面板10包括亚像素103，每一个电极组340对应两个相邻的亚像素103的情况下，将电极组340沿中心划分成左区域01和右区域02。如图8所示，此时上述控制方法可以包括如下步骤：
S301：向第三电极33施加电压。
S302：向每一个电极组340的左区域01施加电压，以使得每一个电极组340的左区域与第三电极33之间形成第一梯度电场。其中，每一个第一梯度电场从左至右电场强度依次减小。
例如，在电极组340的左区域01中，从左至右向第四子电极341施加的电压逐渐减小，以使得每一个电极组340左区域01与第三电极33之间形成的电场强度从左至右如图5所示逐渐减小，使得左区域01中最左端的液晶分子211接近于水平状态，而最右端的液晶分子211接近于竖直状态。
S303：向每一个电极组340的右区域02施加电压，以使得每一个电极组340的右区域02与第三电极33之间形成第二梯度电场。每一个第一梯度电场从右至左电场强度依次减小。
例如，在电极组340的右区域02中，从右至左向第四子电极341施加的电压逐渐减小，以使得每一个电极组340右区域02与第三电极33之间形成的电场强度从右至左如图5所示逐渐减小，使得右区域02中最右端的液晶分子211接近于水平状态，而最左端的液晶分子211接近于竖直状态。
这样，在上述第一梯度电场和第二梯度电场的作用下，液晶层中的液晶分子发生偏转，形成第四微透镜44，每一个第四微透镜44对应一个电极组340。且在第四微透镜44的作用下，将与该第四微透镜44对应的两个相邻的亚像素103发出的光线分别汇聚至左眼L和右眼R，从而实现3D显示。
以上所述，仅为本公开的具体实施方式，但本公开的保护范围并不局限 于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本公开揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本公开的保护范围之内。因此，本公开的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。
本专利申请要求于2016年4月7日递交的中国专利申请第201610214403.5号的优先权，在此全文引用上述中国专利申请公开的内容以作为本申请的一部分。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种显示模组，包括显示面板以及液晶透镜，其中，所述液晶透镜包括液晶层；所述液晶透镜位于所述显示面板的显示侧，用于将显示面板发出的光线沿水平方向汇聚至至少一个观测位置，所述观测位置包括对应显示面板中心的主观测位置以及位于所述主观测位置两侧的副观测位置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的显示模组，其中所述显示面板为平面显示面板。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的显示模组，其中，所述液晶透镜还包括分别位于所述液晶层两侧的第一电极和第二电极，所述第二电极包括间隔设置的多个第二子电极；
    所述第一电极和第二电极被配置为当第一电极和第二电极被施加电压时，可控制所述液晶层中的液晶分子的偏转角度，以使得所述显示面板出射光线汇聚至所述主观测位置。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的显示模组，其中，所述液晶透镜还包括分别位于液晶层两侧的第三电极和第四电极，所述第四电极包括间隔设置的电极组；每一个所述电极组包括间隔设置的第四子电极；
    所述第三电极和第四电极被配置为当所述第三电极和第四电极被施加电压时，可控制所述液晶层中的液晶分子的偏转角度，以使得所述显示面板出射光线汇聚至所述主观测位置和所述副观测位置。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的显示模组，其中，所述显示面板包括亚像素，每一个所述电极组对应相邻的两个亚像素，一个所述亚像素用于显示左眼图像，另一个所述亚像素用于显示右眼图像。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的显示模组，其中，所述液晶透镜包括相对设置的上基板和下基板；
    所述第一电极和所述第四电极位于所述下基板上，且所述第一电极与所述第四电极绝缘；所述第三电极与所述第二电极位于所述上基板上，且所述第三电极与所述第二电极绝缘。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的显示模组，其中，所述液晶透镜还包括分别与所述液晶层的上、下表面接触的取向层。
  8. 一种显示装置，包括如权利要求1-7任一项所述的显示模组。
  9. 一种如权利要求3所述的显示模组的控制方法，其中，将液晶透镜沿中心划分为左区域和右区域，所述方法包括：
    向第一电极施加电压；
    向所述左区域的第二电极施加电压，以在所述左区域的第二电极与所述第一电极之间形成第一梯度电场，所述第一梯度电场从左至右电场强度逐渐减小；
    向所述右区域的第二电极施加电压，以在所述右区域的第二电极与所述第一电极之间形成第二梯度电场，所述第二梯度电场从右至左电场强度逐渐减小；
    在第一梯度电场和第二梯度电场的作用下，液晶层中的液晶分子发生偏转，形成第一微透镜，以将显示面板出射光线汇聚至主观测位置。
  10. 一种如权利要求4所述的显示模组的控制方法，其中，将液晶透镜沿中心划分为左区域和右区域，所述方法包括：
    向所述第三电极施加电压；
    向所述左区域的电极组施加电压，以使得所述左区域的第三电极与每一个电极组之间形成一个第一梯度电场；在第一梯度电场的作用下，左区域的液晶分子发生偏转，形成多个第二微透镜，每一个第二微透镜对应一个电极组；每一个所述第一梯度电场从左至右电场强度逐渐减小；
    向所述右区域的所述电极组施加电压，以使得所述右区域的第三电极与每一个电极组之间形成一个第二梯度电场；在第二梯度电场的作用下，右区域的液晶分子发生偏转，形成多个第三微透镜，每一个第三微透镜对应一个电极组；每一个所述第二梯度电场从右至左电场强度逐渐减小；
    在所述第二微透镜和所述第三微透镜的作用下，显示面板出射光线汇聚至主观测位置和副观测位置。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的显示模组的控制方法，其中，所述左区域中，从左至右所述第一梯度电场的电场强度依次减小；
    所述右区域中，从右至左所述第二梯度电场的电场强度依次减小。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的显示模组的控制方法，其中，在所述液晶透镜包括第一电极和第二电极的情况下，还包括向所述第一电极和所述第二电极施加相同且恒定的电压。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的显示模组的控制方法，其中，向所述第一电极和所述第二电极施加相同且恒定的电压在所述向所述第三电极施加电压之前。
  14. 一种如权利要求5所述显示模组的控制方法，其中，在显示面板包括亚像素，每一个电极组对应两个相邻的亚像素的情况下，将所述电极组沿中心划分成左区域和右区域，所述方法包括：
    向所述第三电极施加电压；
    向每一个电极组的左区域施加电压，以使得每一个电极组的左区域与所述第三电极之间形成第一梯度电场，每一个第一梯度电场从左至右电场强度依次减小；
    向每一个电极组的右区域施加电压，以使得每一个电极组的右区域与所述第三电极之间形成第二梯度电场，每一个第一梯度电场从右至左电场强度依次减小；
    在所述第一梯度电场和所述第二梯度电场的作用下，液晶层中的液晶分子发生偏转，形成第四微透镜，每一个第四微透镜对应一个电极组；
    在第四微透镜的作用下，将与该第四微透镜对应的两个相邻的亚像素发出的光线分别汇聚至左眼和右眼。
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