WO2017167191A1 - 地震数据处理方法和装置 - Google Patents

地震数据处理方法和装置 Download PDF

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WO2017167191A1
WO2017167191A1 PCT/CN2017/078498 CN2017078498W WO2017167191A1 WO 2017167191 A1 WO2017167191 A1 WO 2017167191A1 CN 2017078498 W CN2017078498 W CN 2017078498W WO 2017167191 A1 WO2017167191 A1 WO 2017167191A1
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seismic
correlation coefficient
gather
amplitude
advantageous
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PCT/CN2017/078498
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张光荣
肖富森
冉崎
张世荣
喻颐
廖奇
马波
梁瀚
陈康
张旋
卢晓敏
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中国石油天然气股份有限公司
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Priority to RU2018105481A priority Critical patent/RU2694621C1/ru
Priority to EP17773221.1A priority patent/EP3324216B1/en
Publication of WO2017167191A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017167191A1/zh
Priority to US15/882,779 priority patent/US10705238B2/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/30—Analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/30—Analysis
    • G01V1/303—Analysis for determining velocity profiles or travel times
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
    • G01V1/362—Effecting static or dynamic corrections; Stacking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
    • G01V1/364—Seismic filtering
    • G01V1/366—Seismic filtering by correlation of seismic signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/50—Corrections or adjustments related to wave propagation
    • G01V2210/52—Move-out correction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/50—Corrections or adjustments related to wave propagation
    • G01V2210/53—Statics correction, e.g. weathering layer or transformation to a datum
    • G01V2210/532—Dynamic changes in statics, e.g. sea waves or tidal influences
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/50—Corrections or adjustments related to wave propagation
    • G01V2210/57—Trace interpolation or extrapolation, e.g. for virtual receiver; Anti-aliasing for missing receivers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/60—Analysis
    • G01V2210/62—Physical property of subsurface
    • G01V2210/622—Velocity, density or impedance
    • G01V2210/6222—Velocity; travel time

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of geological surveying, in particular to a seismic data processing method and device.
  • Seismic exploration technology is the use of artificially excited seismic waves to propagate in the formation to explore underground geological conditions.
  • seismic waves excited somewhere on the ground propagate underground, the formation interfaces with different elasticity will generate reflected waves or refracted waves to return to the ground.
  • These instruments can be recorded by special instruments to analyze the characteristics of the recorded waves (such as waves).
  • the propagation time, vibration shape, etc. can accurately measure the depth and shape of these interfaces, and determine the lithology, physical properties, and fluidity of the formation.
  • seismic record Since the seismic record is noisy, it is usually excited by different locations and receives seismic reflection waves at the same point in the underground. These collections of seismic reflections from the same point are called seismic gathers. Through the superposition of multiple seismic signals, the purpose of eliminating noise and improving the signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved.
  • the reflection time of the unified reflection point of the seismic data collected in the field is different, the reflection time is related to the offset distance and the seismic propagation speed. Therefore, it is necessary to correct the seismic record time of different offsets to the self-excited self-receiving seismic reflection.
  • the time position, this process is called motion correction, and its purpose is to facilitate the superposition of seismic signals.
  • embodiments of the present invention provide a seismic data processing method and apparatus.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a seismic data processing method, which comprises: superimposing a set of seismic traces in a preset range of S seismic traces after dynamic correction processing to obtain a model track, where S is an integer; calculating each seismic trace set and Correlating the coefficient of the model track, and selecting the Kth seismic gather with the largest correlation coefficient; calculating the best merit of each seismic gather from the Kth seismic gather to both sides; according to the best advantage, the seismic gather Perform residual motion correction.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a seismic data processing device, comprising: a first calculating unit, configured to superimpose a set of seismic traces within a preset range of the S seismic traces after the dynamic correction processing to obtain a model track, where S is The second calculation unit is configured to calculate a correlation coefficient between each seismic trace set and the model track, and select a Kth seismic trace set with the largest correlation coefficient; and a third calculation unit for collecting from the Kth seismic trace
  • the two sides calculate the most advantageous points of each seismic gather in turn; the correcting instrument is used to perform residual motion correction on the seismic gather according to the best advantage.
  • the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the beneficial effects of: selecting a plurality of seismic trace sets, and then calculating the correlation coefficient of each seismic trace set and the model track to select the Kth track, and then from the Kth track Calculate the best advantages of each seismic trace set to both sides, and then perform residual motion correction on the seismic gather according to the best advantage.
  • This scheme is combined with the prior art to analyze the seismic propagation velocity to achieve dynamic correction processing, and all models are combined.
  • the gathers and the phase axes are all corrected to the horizontal state, which eliminates the error caused by the interpolation in the prior art and improves the accuracy of the pre-stack motion correction.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a seismic data processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of another seismic data processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 3a is a schematic diagram of a seismic trace set of a conventional seismic process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3b is a schematic diagram of a seismic gather after amplitude energy equalization processing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3c is a schematic diagram of a seismic trace set after performing residual motion correction processing on FIG. 3b according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a seismic data processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another seismic data processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of still another seismic data processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of still another seismic data processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a seismic data processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1, the method includes:
  • Step 101 superimposing the set of seismic traces in the preset range of the S seismic traces after the dynamic correction processing to obtain a model track, where S is an integer.
  • the S seismic trace sets are all Common Reflection Point (CRP) gathers, and the common center gathers are recorded according to different offsets, and the gathers of different serial numbers are obtained.
  • CRP Common Reflection Point
  • Figure 3a shows the schematic diagram of the seismic gathers.
  • the abscissa is the offset distance (in meters).
  • Each grid represents the same offset.
  • the ordinate in the graph is time (in milliseconds).
  • Each grid is an offset set of seismic traces that is a collection of seismic traces at that offset.
  • the seismic gather has been processed by a dynamic correction method for analyzing the seismic propagation velocity.
  • the seismic reflection time can be calculated by estimating a series of seismic wave superposition speeds, and the difference between the seismic reflection time and the seismic reflection time of the seismic trace set with the offset of 0 is calculated as the dynamic correction amount, and the original seismic gather is dynamically corrected.
  • the current velocity is a suitable seismic wave superposition, and the observation process usually depends on the naked eye of the operator.
  • the seismic reflection time can be calculated as follows:
  • t x seismic reflection time x is the offset distance
  • t 0 the seismic reflection time at offset
  • v a the seismic wave superposition velocity
  • the preset range may be a set of all seismic traces in the S seismic traces, or a partial seismic gather in the S seismic traces.
  • Superimposing a set of seismic traces means adding amplitude sets of different numbers of seismic traces according to sampling points.
  • Step 102 Calculate the correlation coefficient between each seismic trace set and the model track, and select the Kth seismic gather with the largest correlation coefficient.
  • Step 103 Calculate the remaining motion correction amounts of the S seismic trace sets in sequence.
  • the residual motion correction amount refers to the correction amount used for further correcting the seismic data after processing by the dynamic correction method for analyzing the seismic propagation velocity.
  • Step 103 is specifically implemented by the following steps:
  • the correlation coefficient between the K-1th seismic trace set and the Kth seismic gather is calculated, and the time window with the largest correlation coefficient is selected as the most advantageous, and the time shift corresponding to the most advantageous is taken as Residual motion correction quantity of the K-1th seismic gather, K>1 and K is an integer;
  • the correlation coefficient between the Mth seismic trace set and the M+1 seismic gather is calculated, and the time window with the largest correlation coefficient is selected as the most advantageous, and the time shift corresponding to the most advantageous is taken as
  • the residual motion correction amount of the Mth seismic trace set, K-2 ⁇ M ⁇ 1 and M is an integer
  • the correlation coefficient between the K+1th seismic trace set and the Kth seismic gather is calculated, and the time window with the largest correlation coefficient is selected as the most advantageous, and the time shift corresponding to the most advantageous is taken as Residual motion correction amount of the K+1th seismic gather;
  • the correlation coefficient between the N+1th seismic trace set and the Nth seismic trace set is calculated, and the time window with the largest correlation coefficient is selected as the most advantageous, and the time shift corresponding to the most advantageous is taken as
  • the residual motion correction of the N+1th seismic gather, S-1 ⁇ N ⁇ K+1 and N is an integer, and the most advantageous time shift is the set of seismic traces in the time window (as here is the N+) Seismic reflection time of 1 seismic trace
  • the seismic reflection time of a seismic trace set in the time window may be an average value of the seismic reflection time of each seismic trace of the seismic trace set at the most advantageous point, or an earthquake reflection time of any one of the seismic traces.
  • Step 104 Perform residual motion correction on the S seismic gathers by using the calculated residual motion correction amount of the S seismic gathers.
  • the residual dynamic correction refers to further correcting the seismic data after processing by using the dynamic correction method for analyzing the seismic propagation velocity.
  • the plurality of seismic trace sets are superimposed, and then the Kth track is calculated by calculating the correlation coefficient between each seismic trace set and the model track, and then the seismic trace sets are sequentially calculated from the Kth track to the both sides.
  • This scheme is combined with the prior art to analyze the seismic propagation velocity to achieve the dynamic correction processing, and all the model gathers the same phase axis to the horizontal state, eliminating the present There are techniques for errors caused by interpolation, which improves the accuracy of pre-stack motion correction.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of another seismic data processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 2, the method includes:
  • Step 201 Perform amplitude energy equalization processing on each seismic trace set after the motion correction processing.
  • the amplitude energy equalization process is performed according to the following steps:
  • Step 1 Calculate the amplitude energy E0 within the set time window (eg 1000-3000ms):
  • Q is the number of statistical channels (the total number of gathers), P is the number of sampling points, and a j is the amplitude value;
  • Step 2 Calculate the amplitude energy E1 of each seismic trace:
  • Step 4 Perform amplitude equalization processing on each seismic gather using amplitude equalization coefficients: among them a sequence consisting of amplitude values a (amplitude values of a plurality of sampling points) for each seismic trace, The amplitude value after the amplitude equalization process.
  • step 201 the method further includes:
  • Step 202 superimposing the set of seismic traces in the preset range of the S seismic traces to obtain a model track, where S is an integer.
  • m1 and m2 are the seismic gather number numbers
  • a ij is the amplitude value of the jth sampling point of the i-th track
  • m1, m2, i and j are positive integers, 1 ⁇ m1 ⁇ m2 ⁇ S, i ⁇ [m1 , m2].
  • the different seismic trace set numbers indicate that the offset distance corresponding to the seismic gather is different; the sampling points are selected on the amplitude spectrum according to the set time interval.
  • the preset range [m1, m2] may be a set of all seismic traces in the S seismic traces, or may be a partial seismic gather in the S seismic traces.
  • the amplitude value of the sampling point may be an average value of the time position of the seismic trace set at the sampling point, or a value of any one of the seismic traces.
  • Step 203 Calculate the correlation coefficient between each seismic trace set and the model track, and select the Kth seismic gather with the largest correlation coefficient.
  • a j is the model road
  • the amplitude value of the jth sampling point Aa is the model road Average amplitude
  • b j is the seismic gather
  • Ba is the seismic gather
  • x and j are both positive integers, and 1 ⁇ x ⁇ S.
  • Step 204 Calculate the remaining motion correction amount of the S seismic trace sets in sequence.
  • Step 204 is specifically implemented by the following steps:
  • the correlation coefficient between the K-1th seismic trace set and the Kth seismic gather is calculated, and the time window with the largest correlation coefficient is selected as the most advantageous, and the time shift corresponding to the most advantageous is taken as Residual motion correction quantity of the K-1th seismic gather, K>1 and K is an integer;
  • the correlation coefficient between the Mth seismic trace set and the M+1 seismic gather is calculated, and the time window with the largest correlation coefficient is selected as the most advantageous, and the time shift corresponding to the most advantageous is taken as
  • the residual motion correction amount of the Mth seismic trace set, K-2 ⁇ M ⁇ 1 and M is an integer
  • the correlation coefficient between the K+1th seismic trace set and the Kth seismic gather is calculated, and the time window with the largest correlation coefficient is selected as the most advantageous, and the time shift corresponding to the most advantageous is taken as Residual motion correction amount of the K+1th seismic gather;
  • the correlation coefficient between the N+1th seismic trace set and the Nth seismic trace set is calculated, and the time window with the largest correlation coefficient is selected as the most advantageous, and the time shift corresponding to the most advantageous is taken as
  • the residual motion correction of the N+1th seismic gather, S-1 ⁇ N ⁇ K+1 and N is an integer, and the most advantageous time shift is the set of seismic traces in the time window (as here is the N+)
  • the optimal position of each seismic trace set is searched in turn, and the correlation coefficient between the seismic trace set and the model track is calculated point by point in each seismic trace set, and the position where the correlation coefficient is the largest is selected as the most concentrated seismic trace.
  • the advantage, the most advantageous corresponding time shift amount is ⁇ t.
  • the selected Kth road is first used as the model road.
  • the previous one is used as the next model road in turn, for example, the M+1 road is used as the model road of the Mth road.
  • the N track is used as the model track of the N+1th track.
  • a j is the model road
  • Aa is the model road
  • b j is the set of seismic traces
  • Ba is the seismic gather
  • the average value of the amplitude in the time window, j is a positive integer.
  • the preset time range may be T0-dT ⁇ T1-dT, and the time window length is T(T0 ⁇ T1), and the specific value may be selected according to actual needs. In the above calculation, there are overlaps in the sliding of the two time windows, thereby The accuracy of the best advantage chosen is sufficiently large.
  • Step 205 Perform residual motion correction on the S seismic gathers by using the calculated residual motion correction amounts of the S seismic trace sets.
  • each seismic gather is corrected by using the motion correction amount ⁇ t.
  • a seismic data processing method includes: superimposing a set of seismic traces in a preset range of S seismic traces after dynamic correction processing to obtain a model track, where S is an integer; calculating each seismic trace Collecting the correlation coefficient with the model track, and selecting the Kth seismic gather with the largest correlation coefficient; calculating the best merit of each seismic gather from the Kth seismic gather to both sides; according to the best advantage The gather performs residual motion correction.
  • the step of calculating the most advantageous points of each seismic trace set from the Kth seismic trace set to the two sides specifically comprising: sliding the time window within a preset time range, calculating the K-1 seismic gather and the first The correlation coefficient of the K seismic trace set, and the time window with the largest correlation coefficient is selected as the most advantageous, and the time shift corresponding to the most advantageous is used as the residual dynamic correction of the K-1 seismic gather, K>1 and K is an integer.
  • the displacement is used as the residual motion correction amount of the Mth seismic trace set, K-2 ⁇ M ⁇ 1 and M is an integer; in the preset time range, the sliding time window is calculated, and the K+1th seismic trace set and the first The correlation coefficient of the K seismic gather, and the time window with the largest correlation coefficient is selected as the most advantageous, and the time shift corresponding to the most advantageous is used as the residual dynamic correction of the K+1 seismic gather; in the preset time range Internal sliding time window, calculating the correlation coefficient between the N+1th seismic trace set and the Nth seismic trace set, and Taking the time window with the largest correlation coefficient as the most advantageous, the time shift amount corresponding to the most advantageous point is taken as the residual motion correction amount of the N+1th track gather, S-1 ⁇ N ⁇ K+1 and N is an integer, The most advantageous corresponding
  • the step of performing residual motion correction on the seismic gather according to the maximum advantage includes: performing residual motion correction on the S seismic gathers by using the calculated residual motion correction amount of the S seismic gathers .
  • Figure 3a shows the set of seismic traces provided by conventional seismic processing (motion correction). It is obvious that the amplitude of the seismic gather (black part) in Fig. 3a is smaller than that of the offset (black part) is significantly larger than the offset (right side). Earthquake The amplitude energy of the gather is weak (the width of the black part is small), and the amplitude energy distribution obviously does not conform to the distribution characteristics of the actual seismic reflection amplitude energy. Therefore, it is necessary to perform amplitude energy equalization processing on the amplitude.
  • Fig. 3b is the seismic gather set after the amplitude energy equalization processing. Since the gathers are not in phase with the same phase, the amplitude and offset can not be correctly expressed only after the amplitude energy equalization processing. The characteristics of the change, therefore, the residual motion correction process of the model track is also required to correct the pre-stack gather phase to the horizontal axis (Fig. 3c).
  • the plurality of seismic trace sets are superimposed, and then the Kth track is calculated by calculating the correlation coefficient between each seismic trace set and the model track, and then the seismic trace sets are sequentially calculated from the Kth track to the both sides.
  • This scheme is combined with the prior art to analyze the seismic propagation velocity to achieve the dynamic correction processing, and all the model gathers the same phase axis to the horizontal state, eliminating the present
  • the error caused by the interpolation of the technology improves the accuracy of the pre-stack motion correction, and the quality of the seismic data superposition after the optimization of the gathers can be significantly improved or improved, and the formation structure, lithology and fluid properties can be more accurately described.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a seismic data processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus includes:
  • the superimposing module 301 is configured to superimpose the set of seismic traces in the preset range of the S seismic traces after the dynamic correction processing to obtain a model track, where S is an integer;
  • the selecting module 302 is configured to calculate a correlation coefficient between each seismic trace set and the model track, and select a Kth seismic gather with the largest correlation coefficient;
  • the calculating module 303 is configured to scan the time window within a preset time range, calculate a correlation coefficient between the K-1 seismic trace set and the Kth seismic gather, and select a time window when the correlation coefficient is maximum as the most advantageous, and the most advantageous
  • the corresponding time shift amount is used as the residual motion correction amount of the K-1 seismic gather, K>1 and K is an integer;
  • the correlation coefficient between the Mth seismic trace set and the M+1 seismic gather is calculated, and the time window with the largest correlation coefficient is selected as the most advantageous, and the time shift corresponding to the most advantageous is taken as
  • the residual motion correction amount of the Mth seismic trace set, K-2 ⁇ M ⁇ 1 and M is an integer
  • the correlation coefficient between the K+1th seismic trace set and the Kth seismic gather is calculated, and the time window with the largest correlation coefficient is selected as the most advantageous, and the time shift corresponding to the most advantageous is taken as Residual motion correction amount of the K+1th seismic gather;
  • the correlation coefficient between the N+1th seismic trace set and the Nth seismic trace set is calculated, and the time window with the largest correlation coefficient is selected as the most advantageous, and the time shift corresponding to the most advantageous is taken as Residual motion correction amount of the N+1th seismic gather, S-1 ⁇ N ⁇ K+1 and N is an integer, the most advantageous time
  • the shift is the difference between the seismic reflection time of a seismic trace set (such as the N+1 seismic gather) and the seismic reflection time of the seismic trace set with offset 0;
  • the motion correction module 304 is configured to perform residual motion correction on the S seismic gathers by using the calculated residual motion correction amounts of the S seismic trace sets.
  • the plurality of seismic trace sets are superimposed, and then the Kth track is calculated by calculating the correlation coefficient between each seismic trace set and the model track, and then the seismic trace sets are sequentially calculated from the Kth track to the both sides.
  • This scheme is combined with the prior art to analyze the seismic propagation velocity to achieve the dynamic correction processing, and all the model gathers the same phase axis to the horizontal state, eliminating the present There are techniques for errors caused by interpolation, which improves the accuracy of pre-stack motion correction.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another seismic data processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus includes:
  • the equalization module 401 is configured to perform amplitude energy equalization processing on each seismic gather before superimposing the seismic gathers in the preset range of the S seismic traces after the dynamic correction processing to obtain the model track.
  • the equalization module 401 is configured to:
  • the amplitude energy E0 is counted within the set time window:
  • Q is the number of statistical channels
  • P is the number of sampling points
  • aj is the amplitude value
  • Amplitude equalization is applied to each seismic gather using amplitude equalization coefficients: among them a sequence consisting of amplitude values a for each seismic trace, The amplitude value after the amplitude equalization process.
  • the superimposing module 402 is configured to superimpose the set of seismic traces in the preset range of the S seismic traces after the dynamic correction processing to obtain a model track, where S is an integer;
  • the module 403 is configured to calculate a correlation coefficient between each seismic trace set and the model track, and select a Kth seismic gather with the largest correlation coefficient;
  • the calculating module 404 is configured to scan the time window within a preset time range, calculate a correlation coefficient between the K-1 seismic trace set and the Kth seismic gather, and select a time window when the correlation coefficient is maximum as the most advantageous, and the most advantageous
  • the corresponding time shift amount is used as the residual motion correction amount of the K-1 seismic gather, K>1 and K is an integer;
  • the correlation coefficient between the Mth seismic trace set and the M+1 seismic gather is calculated, and the time window with the largest correlation coefficient is selected as the most advantageous, and the time shift corresponding to the most advantageous is taken as
  • the residual motion correction amount of the Mth seismic trace set, K-2 ⁇ M ⁇ 1 and M is an integer
  • the correlation coefficient between the K+1th seismic trace set and the Kth seismic gather is calculated, and the time window with the largest correlation coefficient is selected as the most advantageous, and the time shift corresponding to the most advantageous is taken as Residual motion correction amount of the K+1th seismic gather;
  • the correlation coefficient between the N+1th seismic trace set and the Nth seismic trace set is calculated, and the time window with the largest correlation coefficient is selected as the most advantageous, and the time shift corresponding to the most advantageous is taken as
  • the residual motion correction of the N+1th seismic gather, S-1 ⁇ N ⁇ K+1 and N is an integer, and the most advantageous time shift is the set of seismic traces in the time window (as here is the N+)
  • the motion correction module 405 is configured to perform residual motion correction on the S seismic gathers by using the calculated residual motion correction amounts of the S seismic trace sets.
  • the overlay module 402 is configured to:
  • the model road is obtained by superimposing multiple seismic gathers using the following formula:
  • m1 and m2 are the seismic gather number numbers
  • a ij is the amplitude value of the jth sampling point of the i-th track
  • m1, m2, i and j are positive integers, 1 ⁇ m1 ⁇ m2 ⁇ S, i ⁇ [m1 , m2].
  • the module 403 is selected to:
  • a j is the model road
  • the amplitude value of the jth sampling point Aa is the model road Average amplitude
  • b j is the seismic gather
  • Ba is the seismic gather
  • x and j are both positive integers, and 1 ⁇ x ⁇ S.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of still another seismic data processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the seismic data processing apparatus includes: a first calculating unit 601, a second calculating unit 602, a third calculating unit 603, and Calibrator 604.
  • the first calculating unit 601 is configured to superimpose the set of seismic traces in the preset range of the S seismic traces after the dynamic correction processing to obtain a model track, where S is an integer; and the second calculating unit 602 is configured to calculate each seismic trace set.
  • the third calculating unit 603 is configured to calculate the best advantages of each seismic gather from the Kth seismic gather to both sides;
  • the meter 604 is configured to perform residual motion correction on the seismic gather according to the best advantage.
  • the third calculating unit 603 specifically includes: a first calculating subunit, a second calculating subunit, a third calculating subunit, and a fourth calculating subunit.
  • the first calculating sub-unit is configured to scan a time window within a preset time range, calculate a correlation coefficient between the K-1 seismic gather and the Kth seismic gather, and select a time window when the correlation coefficient is maximum.
  • the time shift amount corresponding to the most advantageous is used as the residual motion correction amount of the K-1 seismic gather, K>1 and K is an integer
  • the second calculation subunit is configured to slide within the preset time range
  • the time window calculates the correlation coefficient between the Mth seismic trace set and the M+1 seismic gather, and selects the time window with the largest correlation coefficient as the most advantageous, and takes the time shift corresponding to the most advantageous as the remainder of the Mth seismic trace set.
  • Dynamic correction amount, K-2 ⁇ M ⁇ 1 and M is an integer; a third calculation subunit for sliding the time window within the preset time range, calculating the K+1th seismic gather and the Kth earthquake Correlation coefficient of the gather, and selecting the time window with the largest correlation coefficient as the most advantageous, taking the time shift corresponding to the most advantageous as the residual dynamic correction of the K+1 seismic gather; the fourth calculating subunit is used in The sliding time window in the preset time range calculates the phase of the N+1th seismic trace set and the Nth seismic trace set The coefficient, and the time window with the largest correlation coefficient is selected as the most advantageous, and the time shift corresponding to the most advantageous point is taken as the residual motion correction amount of the N+1th seismic trace set, S-1 ⁇ N ⁇ K+1 and N is an integer.
  • the time-shift corresponding to the best advantage is the difference between the seismic reflection time of one seismic trace set in the time window and the seismic reflection time of the seismic trace set with the offset distance of zero.
  • the correcting device 604 specifically includes a motion correcting subunit, wherein the motion correcting subunit is configured to perform residual motion on the S seismic gathers by using the calculated residual motion correction amount of the S seismic gathers Correction.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of still another seismic data processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the seismic data processing apparatus includes an equalizer 701, a first calculating unit 702, and a second computing unit. a 703, a third calculating unit 704, and a correcting device 705, wherein the equalizer 701 is configured to: before superimposing the set of seismic traces in the preset range of the S seismic traces after the dynamic correction processing to obtain the model track, Each of the seismic gathers performs amplitude energy equalization processing; the first calculating unit 702 is configured to superimpose the seismic gathers in the preset range of the S seismic traces after the dynamic correction processing to obtain a model track, where S is an integer; the second calculation The unit 703 is configured to calculate a correlation coefficient between each seismic trace set and the model track, and select a Kth seismic gather that has the largest correlation coefficient; and a third calculating unit 704 is configured to sequentially calculate from the Kth seismic trace set to both sides. The most advantageous of each seismic gather; the equalizer 70
  • the plurality of seismic trace sets are superimposed, and then the Kth track is calculated by calculating the correlation coefficient between each seismic trace set and the model track, and then the seismic trace sets are sequentially calculated from the Kth track to the both sides.
  • This scheme is combined with the prior art to analyze the seismic propagation velocity to achieve the dynamic correction processing, and all the model gathers the same phase axis to the horizontal state, eliminating the present
  • the error caused by the interpolation of the technology improves the accuracy of the pre-stack motion correction, and the quality of the seismic data superposition after the optimization of the gathers can be significantly improved or improved, and the formation structure, lithology and fluid properties can be more accurately described.
  • a person skilled in the art may understand that all or part of the steps of implementing the above embodiments may be completed by hardware, or may be instructed by a program to execute related hardware, and the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the storage medium mentioned may be a read only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk or the like.

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Abstract

一种地震数据处理方法和装置，属于地质勘测领域。该方法包括：对动校正处理后的S个地震道集中预设范围内的地震道集进行叠加得到模型道，S为整数；计算各个地震道集与该模型道的相关系数，并选出相关系数最大的第K地震道集；从第K地震道集向两侧依次计算出各个地震道集的最优点；根据该最优点对地震道集进行剩余动校正。

Description

地震数据处理方法和装置
优先权声明
本申请要求2016年04月01日递交的、申请号为CN201610204476.6、发明名称为“地震数据处理方法和装置”的中国发明专利的优先权，该发明专利的所有内容在此全部引入。
技术领域
本发明涉及地质勘测领域，特别涉及一种地震数据处理方法和装置。
背景技术
地震勘探技术是利用人工激发的地震波在地层内传播来勘探地下的地质情况。在地面某处激发的地震波向地下传播时，遇到不同弹性的地层分界面就会产生反射波或折射波返回地面，用专门的仪器可记录这些波，分析所记录的波的特点(如波的传播时间、振动形状等)，能较准确地测定这些界面的深度和形态，判断地层的岩性、物性、含流体性。
由于地震记录是有噪音的，因此通常会通过不同位置进行激发、接收地下同一点的地震反射波，将这些来自同一点的地震反射波的集合称为地震道集。通过多次地震信号叠加，可以达到消除噪音，提高信噪比的目的。
由于野外采集的地震资料统一反射点的地震反射时间是不一样的，其反射时间与偏移距、地震传播速度有关，因此，需要将不同偏移距地震记录时间校正到自激自收地震反射时间位置，这个过程叫动校正，其目的是为了便于对地震信号叠加。
但是，因为地震波的传播速度是未知的，因此动校正的实现过程通常都设计一系列地震传播速度对地震道集进行动校正处理。
由于野外地震采集数据量非常庞大，人们不可能对每一个地震反射点都进行速度分析。往往都是间隔几十道才对一个地震反射点进行速度分析，而中间未进行速度分析的道集采用已作速度分析道集的速度进行插值而得，由于地震速度的非均质性，这些插值的速度或多或少都会存在一定的误差，动校正结果往往 很难达到理想效果，很难将所有地震道集同相轴都校正到水平状态。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术的问题，本发明实施例提供了一种地震数据处理方法和装置。
本发明实施例提供了一种地震数据处理方法，包括：对动校正处理后的S个地震道集中预设范围内的地震道集进行叠加得到模型道，S为整数；计算各个地震道集与所述模型道的相关系数，并选出相关系数最大的第K地震道集；从第K地震道集向两侧依次计算出各个地震道集的最优点；根据所述最优点对地震道集进行剩余动校正。
本发明实施例还提供了一种地震数据处理装置，包括：第一计算单元，用于对动校正处理后的S个地震道集中预设范围内的地震道集进行叠加得到模型道，S为整数；第二计算单元，用于计算各个地震道集与所述模型道的相关系数，并选出相关系数最大的第K地震道集；第三计算单元，用于从第K地震道集向两侧依次计算出各个地震道集的最优点；校正仪，用于根据所述最优点对地震道集进行剩余动校正。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案带来的有益效果是：通过对多个地震道集进行叠加，然后通过计算各个地震道集与模型道的相关系数计算选出第K道，然后从第K道向两侧依次计算出各个地震道集的最优点，然后根据最优点对地震道集进行剩余动校正，该方案与现有技术所采用通过分析地震传播速度实现动校正处理相结合，将所有模型道集同相轴都校正到水平状态，消除了现有技术由于插值而导致的误差，提高了叠前动校正的精度。
应了解的是，上述一般描述及以下具体实施方式仅为示例性及阐释性的，其并不能限制本发明所欲主张的范围。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明实施例提供的一种地震数据处理方法的流程图；
图2是本发明实施例提供的另一种地震数据处理方法的流程图；
图3a是本发明实施例提供的常规地震处理的地震道集示意图；
图3b是本发明实施例提供的振幅能量均衡化处理后的地震道集示意图；
图3c是本发明实施例提供的对图3b进行剩余动校正处理后的地震道集示意图；
图4是本发明实施例提供的一种地震数据处理装置的结构示意图；
图5是本发明实施例提供的另一种地震数据处理装置的结构示意图；
图6是本发明实施例提供的又一种地震数据处理装置的结构示意图；
图7是本发明实施例提供的再一种地震数据处理装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，下面将以附图及详细叙述清楚说明本发明所揭示内容的精神，任何所属技术领域技术人员在了解本发明内容的实施例后，当可由本发明内容所教示的技术，加以改变及修饰，其并不脱离本发明内容的精神与范围。
图1是本发明实施例提供的一种地震数据处理方法的流程图，参见图1，该方法包括：
步骤101：对动校正处理后的S个地震道集中预设范围内的地震道集进行叠加得到模型道，S为整数。
其中，S个地震道集均为共反射点(Common Reflection Point，CRP)道集，共中心点道集按照不同的偏移距进行记录，得到不同序号的道集。
如图3a为地震道集示意图，横坐标为偏移距(单位米)，每一格表示同样的偏移距，图中纵坐标为时间(单位毫秒)。每一格为一个偏移距的地震道集，是该偏移距的地震道的集合。
其中，在步骤101之前，地震道集已经采用分析地震传播速度的动校正方式进行处理。具体地，可以先估算一系列地震波叠加速度计算地震反射时间，计算地震反射时间与偏移距为0的地震道集的地震反射时间的差值作为动校正量，对原始地震道集进行动校正，观察在哪个地震波叠加速度下可以使道集达到 水平状态，则确定当前速度为合适的地震波叠加，观察过程通常依靠操作人员的肉眼完成。
可以采用如下方式计算地震反射时间：
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000001
tx地震反射时间，x为偏移距，t0为偏移距为0处地震反射时间，va为地震波叠加速度。
其中，预设范围可以是S个地震道集中全部地震道集，也可以是S个地震道集中的部分地震道集。
对地震道集进行叠加是指将不同序号的地震道集按照采样点进行振幅值相加。
步骤102：计算各个地震道集与模型道的相关系数，并选出相关系数最大的第K地震道集。
步骤103：依次计算S个地震道集的剩余动校正量。
其中剩余动校正量是指在采用分析地震传播速度的动校正方式进行处理后，对地震数据做进一步校正处理所采用的校正量。
步骤103具体采用如下步骤实现：
在预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第K-1地震道集与第K地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第K-1地震道集的剩余动校正量，K＞1且K为整数；
在预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第M地震道集与第M+1地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第M地震道集的剩余动校正量，K-2≥M≥1且M为整数；
在预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第K+1地震道集与第K地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第K+1地震道集的剩余动校正量；
在预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第N+1地震道集与第N地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第N+1地震道集的剩余动校正量，S-1≥N≥K+1且N为整数，最优点对应的时移量为时窗内的一个地震道集(如这里是第N+1地震道集)的地震反射时间与 偏移距为0的地震道集的地震反射时间的差值。
其中，时窗内的一个地震道集的地震反射时间可以是该地震道集在最优点处各个地震道地震反射时间的平均值，或者其中任意一个地震道的地震反射时间。
步骤104：采用计算出的S个地震道集的剩余动校正量对S个地震道集进行剩余动校正。
其中剩余动校正是指在采用分析地震传播速度的动校正方式进行处理后，对地震数据做进一步校正处理。
本发明实施例通过对多个地震道集进行叠加，然后通过计算各个地震道集与模型道的相关系数计算选出第K道，然后从第K道向两侧依次计算出各个地震道集的最优点，然后根据最优点对地震道集进行剩余动校正，该方案与现有技术通过分析地震传播速度实现动校正处理相结合，将所有模型道集同相轴都校正到水平状态，消除了现有技术由于插值而导致的误差，提高了叠前动校正的精度。
图2是本发明实施例提供的另一种地震数据处理方法的流程图，参见图2，该方法包括：
步骤201：对动校正处理后的各个地震道集进行振幅能量均衡化处理。
其中，对于每个地震道集，分别按照以下步骤进行振幅能量均衡化处理：
第一步：在设定时窗(如1000-3000ms)范围内统计振幅能量E0：
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000002
其中，Q为统计道数(总共道集数量)，P为采样点数，aj为振幅值；
第二步：计算每一地震道集的振幅能量E1：
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000003
第三步：计算每一地震道集的振幅均衡系数k：k＝E0/E1；
第四步：采用振幅均衡系数对每一地震道集进行振幅均衡处理：
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000004
其中
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000005
为每一地震道集振幅值a(多个采样点的振幅值)组成的序列，
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000006
为振幅 均衡处理后的振幅值。
进一步地，在步骤201之前，该方法还包括：
1)使用可控震源激发并记录地震波数据；2)采用可控震源记录并在选定时窗内进行吸收分析，获得炮点或检波点在选定时窗内的地震道集的振幅谱；3)通过分析地震传播速度实现动校正处理。
步骤202：对S个地震道集中预设范围内的地震道集进行叠加得到模型道，S为整数。
具体地，采用如下公式对动校正处理后的S个地震道集中预设范围内的地震道集进行叠加得到模型道：
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000007
其中，m1、m2为地震道集序号，aij为第i道的第j采样点的振幅值，m1、m2、i和j均为正整数，1≤m1＜m2≤S，i∈[m1，m2]。
其中，不同地震道集序号表示地震道集对应的偏移距不同；采样点按照设定时间间隔在振幅谱上选取。
其中，预设范围[m1，m2]可以是S个地震道集中全部地震道集，也可以是S个地震道集中的部分地震道集。
其中，采样点的振幅值可以是该地震道集在采样点的时间位置的平均值，或者其中任意一个地震道的值。
步骤203：计算各个地震道集与模型道的相关系数，并选出相关系数最大的第K地震道集。
采用以下公式计算模型道
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000008
与地震道集
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000009
的相关系数：
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000010
其中，
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000011
为第x道与模型道的相关系数，aj为模型道
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000012
第j个采样点的振幅值，Aa为模型道
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000013
振幅平均值，bj为地震道集
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000014
第j个采样点的振幅值，Ba为地震道集
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000015
振幅平均值，x和j均为正整数，且1≤x≤S。
步骤204：依次计算S个地震道集的剩余动校正量。
步骤204具体采用如下步骤实现：
在预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第K-1地震道集与第K地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第K-1地震道集的剩余动校正量，K＞1且K为整数；
在预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第M地震道集与第M+1地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第M地震道集的剩余动校正量，K-2≥M≥1且M为整数；
在预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第K+1地震道集与第K地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第K+1地震道集的剩余动校正量；
在预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第N+1地震道集与第N地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第N+1地震道集的剩余动校正量，S-1≥N≥K+1且N为整数，最优点对应的时移量为时窗内的一个地震道集(如这里是第N+1地震道集)的地震反射时间与偏移距为0的地震道集的地震反射时间的差值。
从第K道出发，依次寻找各个地震道集的最优位置，在每个地震道集中逐点滑动计算地震道集与模型道的相关系数，选择相关系数最大时的位置作为地震道集中的最优点，最优点对应的时移量为Δt。在上述计算时，首先采用选出的第K道作为模型道，在后续计算中，依次采用上一道作为下一道的模型道，如采用第M+1道作为第M道的模型道，采用第N道作为第N+1道的模型道。
其中，一个时窗中的一个地震道集与模型道的相关系数：
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000016
其中，
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000017
为第j采样点所在时窗内地震道集与模型道的相关系数，aj为模型道
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000018
第j个采样点的振幅值，Aa为模型道
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000019
在时窗内的振幅平均值，bj为地震道集
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000020
第j个采样点的振幅值，Ba为地震道集
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000021
在时窗内的振幅平均值，j为正整数。
其中，预设时间范围可以为T0-dT～T1-dT，时窗长度为T(T0～T1)，其具体数值可以根据实际需要选定。在上述计算中，两次时窗滑动存在交叠，从而 使得选取的最优点的精度足够大。
步骤205：采用计算出的S个地震道集的剩余动校正量对S个地震道集进行剩余动校正。
具体地：首先，获取各个地震道集中最优点对应的时移量作为校正量Δt；然后，采用动校正量为Δt对各个地震道集进行校正。
本发明的另一具体实施方式中，地震数据处理方法，包括：对动校正处理后的S个地震道集中预设范围内的地震道集进行叠加得到模型道，S为整数；计算各个地震道集与所述模型道的相关系数，并选出相关系数最大的第K地震道集；从第K地震道集向两侧依次计算出各个地震道集的最优点；根据所述最优点对地震道集进行剩余动校正。
进一步地，从第K地震道集向两侧依次计算出各个地震道集的最优点的步骤，具体包括：在预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第K-1地震道集与所述第K地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第K-1地震道集的剩余动校正量，K＞1且K为整数；在所述预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第M地震道集与第M+1地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第M地震道集的剩余动校正量，K-2≥M≥1且M为整数；在所述预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第K+1地震道集与所述第K地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第K+1地震道集的剩余动校正量；在所述预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第N+1地震道集与第N地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第N+1地震道集的剩余动校正量，S-1≥N≥K+1且N为整数，所述最优点对应的时移量为时窗内的一个地震道集的地震反射时间与偏移距为0的地震道集的地震反射时间的差值。
进一步地，根据所述最优点对地震道集进行剩余动校正的步骤，具体包括：采用计算出的所述S个地震道集的剩余动校正量对所述S个地震道集进行剩余动校正。
下面通过图3a-3c对本发明实施例提供的方法的效果进行说明：
图3a为常规地震处理(动校正)提供的地震道集，很明显图3a中炮检距较小(左侧)的地震道集振幅(黑色部分)明显较炮检距较大(右侧)的地震 道集振幅能量弱(黑色部分宽度小)，这样的振幅能量分布显然不符合实际地震反射振幅能量的分布特征。因此需要对振幅进行振幅能量均衡化处理，图3b为振幅能量均衡化处理后的地震道集，由于道集同相轴不平，仅仅经过振幅能量均衡化处理后也不能正确表达振幅随偏移距的变化特征，因此还需要对模型道进行剩余动校正处理，将叠前道集同相轴校正到水平(图3c)。
本发明实施例通过对多个地震道集进行叠加，然后通过计算各个地震道集与模型道的相关系数计算选出第K道，然后从第K道向两侧依次计算出各个地震道集的最优点，然后根据最优点对地震道集进行剩余动校正，该方案与现有技术通过分析地震传播速度实现动校正处理相结合，将所有模型道集同相轴都校正到水平状态，消除了现有技术由于插值而导致的误差，提高了叠前动校正的精度，使得道集优化后地震资料叠加成果品质会具有明显的改善或提高，能够更加准确地描述地层构造、岩性及流体性质。
图4是本发明实施例提供的一种地震数据处理装置的结构示意图，参见图4，装置包括：
叠加模块301，用于对动校正处理后的S个地震道集中预设范围内的地震道集进行叠加得到模型道，S为整数；
选取模块302，用于计算各个地震道集与模型道的相关系数，并选出相关系数最大的第K地震道集；
计算模块303，用于在预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第K-1地震道集与第K地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第K-1地震道集的剩余动校正量，K＞1且K为整数；
在预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第M地震道集与第M+1地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第M地震道集的剩余动校正量，K-2≥M≥1且M为整数；
在预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第K+1地震道集与第K地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第K+1地震道集的剩余动校正量；
在预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第N+1地震道集与第N地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第N+1地震道集的剩余动校正量，S-1≥N≥K+1且N为整数，最优点对应的时 移量为时窗内的一个地震道集(如这里是第N+1地震道集)的地震反射时间与偏移距为0的地震道集的地震反射时间的差值；
动校正模块304，用于采用计算出的S个地震道集的剩余动校正量对S个地震道集进行剩余动校正。
本发明实施例通过对多个地震道集进行叠加，然后通过计算各个地震道集与模型道的相关系数计算选出第K道，然后从第K道向两侧依次计算出各个地震道集的最优点，然后根据最优点对地震道集进行剩余动校正，该方案与现有技术通过分析地震传播速度实现动校正处理相结合，将所有模型道集同相轴都校正到水平状态，消除了现有技术由于插值而导致的误差，提高了叠前动校正的精度。
图5是本发明实施例提供的另一种地震数据处理装置的结构示意图，参见图5，装置包括：
均衡化模块401，用于在对动校正处理后的S个地震道集中预设范围内的地震道集进行叠加得到模型道之前，对各个地震道集进行振幅能量均衡化处理。
在本发明实施例的另一种实现方式中，均衡化模块401，用于：
在设定时窗范围内统计振幅能量E0：
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000022
其中，Q为统计道数，P为采样点数，aj为振幅值；
计算每一地震道集的振幅能量E1：
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000023
计算每一地震道集的振幅均衡系数k：k＝E0/E1；
采用振幅均衡系数对每一地震道集进行振幅均衡处理：
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000024
其中
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000025
为每一地震道集振幅值a组成的序列，
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000026
为振幅均衡处理后的振幅值。
叠加模块402，用于对动校正处理后的S个地震道集中预设范围内的地震道集进行叠加得到模型道，S为整数；
选取模块403，用于计算各个地震道集与模型道的相关系数，并选出相关系数最大的第K地震道集；
计算模块404，用于在预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第K-1地震道集与第K地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第K-1地震道集的剩余动校正量，K＞1且K为整数；
在预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第M地震道集与第M+1地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第M地震道集的剩余动校正量，K-2≥M≥1且M为整数；
在预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第K+1地震道集与第K地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第K+1地震道集的剩余动校正量；
在预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第N+1地震道集与第N地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第N+1地震道集的剩余动校正量，S-1≥N≥K+1且N为整数，最优点对应的时移量为时窗内的一个地震道集(如这里是第N+1地震道集)的地震反射时间与偏移距为0的地震道集的地震反射时间的差值；
动校正模块405，用于采用计算出的S个地震道集的剩余动校正量对S个地震道集进行剩余动校正。
在本发明实施例的一种实现方式中，叠加模块402，用于：
采用如下公式对多个地震道集进行叠加得到模型道：
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000027
其中，m1、m2为地震道集序号，aij为第i道的第j采样点的振幅值，m1、m2、i和j均为正整数，1≤m1＜m2≤S，i∈[m1，m2]。
在本发明实施例的另一种实现方式中，选取模块403，用于：
采用以下公式计算模型道
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000028
与地震道集
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000029
的相关系数：
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000030
其中，
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000031
为第x道与模型道的相关系数，aj为模型道
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000032
第j个采样点的 振幅值，Aa为模型道
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000033
振幅平均值，bj为地震道集
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000034
第j个采样点的振幅值，Ba为地震道集
Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-000035
振幅平均值，x和j均为正整数，且1≤x≤S。
图6是本发明实施例提供的又一种地震数据处理装置的结构示意图，如图6所示，地震数据处理装置包括：第一计算单元601、第二计算单元602、第三计算单元603和校正仪604。其中，第一计算单元601用于对动校正处理后的S个地震道集中预设范围内的地震道集进行叠加得到模型道，S为整数；第二计算单元602用于计算各个地震道集与所述模型道的相关系数，并选出相关系数最大的第K地震道集；第三计算单元603用于从第K地震道集向两侧依次计算出各个地震道集的最优点；校正仪604用于根据所述最优点对地震道集进行剩余动校正。
进一步地，所述第三计算单元603具体包括：第一计算子单元、第二计算子单元、第三计算子单元和第四计算子单元。其中，第一计算子单元，用于在预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第K-1地震道集与所述第K地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第K-1地震道集的剩余动校正量，K＞1且K为整数；第二计算子单元，用于在所述预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第M地震道集与第M+1地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第M地震道集的剩余动校正量，K-2≥M≥1且M为整数；第三计算子单元，用于在所述预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第K+1地震道集与所述第K地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第K+1地震道集的剩余动校正量；第四计算子单元，用于在所述预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第N+1地震道集与第N地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第N+1地震道集的剩余动校正量，S-1≥N≥K+1且N为整数，所述最优点对应的时移量为时窗内的一个地震道集的地震反射时间与偏移距为0的地震道集的地震反射时间的差值。
进一步地，所述校正仪604具体包括动校正子单元，其中，动校正子单元用于采用计算出的所述S个地震道集的剩余动校正量对所述S个地震道集进行剩余动校正。
图7是本发明实施例提供的再一种地震数据处理装置的结构示意图，如图7所示，地震数据处理装置包括均衡器701、第一计算单元702、第二计算单 元703、第三计算单元704和校正仪705，其中，均衡器701用于在对动校正处理后的S个地震道集中预设范围内的地震道集进行叠加得到模型道之前，对所述各个地震道集进行振幅能量均衡化处理；第一计算单元702用于对动校正处理后的S个地震道集中预设范围内的地震道集进行叠加得到模型道，S为整数；第二计算单元703用于计算各个地震道集与所述模型道的相关系数，并选出相关系数最大的第K地震道集；第三计算单元704用于从第K地震道集向两侧依次计算出各个地震道集的最优点；校正仪705用于根据所述最优点对地震道集进行剩余动校正。
本发明实施例通过对多个地震道集进行叠加，然后通过计算各个地震道集与模型道的相关系数计算选出第K道，然后从第K道向两侧依次计算出各个地震道集的最优点，然后根据最优点对地震道集进行剩余动校正，该方案与现有技术通过分析地震传播速度实现动校正处理相结合，将所有模型道集同相轴都校正到水平状态，消除了现有技术由于插值而导致的误差，提高了叠前动校正的精度，使得道集优化后地震资料叠加成果品质会具有明显的改善或提高，能够更加准确地描述地层构造、岩性及流体性质。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过硬件来完成，也可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成，所述的程序可以存储于一种计算机可读存储介质中，上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器，磁盘或光盘等。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种地震数据处理方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    对动校正处理后的S个地震道集中预设范围内的地震道集进行叠加得到模型道，S为整数；
    计算各个地震道集与所述模型道的相关系数，并选出相关系数最大的第K地震道集；
    从第K地震道集向两侧依次计算出各个地震道集的最优点；以及
    根据所述最优点对地震道集进行剩余动校正。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，从第K地震道集向两侧依次计算出各个地震道集的最优点的步骤，具体包括：
    在预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第K-1地震道集与所述第K地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第K-1地震道集的剩余动校正量，K＞1且K为整数；
    在所述预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第M地震道集与第M+1地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第M地震道集的剩余动校正量，K-2≥M≥1且M为整数；
    在所述预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第K+1地震道集与所述第K地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第K+1地震道集的剩余动校正量；以及
    在所述预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第N+1地震道集与第N地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第N+1地震道集的剩余动校正量，S-1≥N≥K+1且N为整数，所述最优点对应的时移量为时窗内的一个地震道集的地震反射时间与偏移距为0的地震道集的地震反射时间的差值。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，根据所述最优点对地震道集进行剩余动校正的步骤，具体包括：
    采用计算出的所述S个地震道集的剩余动校正量对所述S个地震道集进行剩余动校正。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述对动校正处理后的S个地震道集中预设范围内的地震道集进行叠加得到模型道，包括：
    采用如下公式对多个地震道集进行叠加得到模型道：
    Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-100001
    其中，m1、m2为地震道集序号，aij为第i道的第j采样点的振幅值，m1、m2、i和j均为正整数，1≤m1＜m2≤S，i∈[m1，m2]。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述计算各个地震道集与所述模型道的相关系数，包括：
    采用以下公式计算模型道
    Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-100002
    与地震道集
    Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-100003
    的相关系数：
    Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-100004
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-100005
    为第x道与模型道
    Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-100006
    的相关系数，aj为模型道
    Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-100007
    第j个采样点的振幅值，Aa为模型道
    Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-100008
    振幅平均值，bj为地震道集
    Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-100009
    第j个采样点的振幅值，Ba为地震道集
    Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-100010
    振幅平均值，x和j均为正整数，且1≤x≤S。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在对动校正处理后的S个地震道集中预设范围内的地震道集进行叠加得到模型道的步骤之前，所述方法还包括：
    对所述各个地震道集进行振幅能量均衡化处理。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述对所述各个地震道集进行振幅能量均衡化处理，包括：
    在设定时窗范围内统计振幅能量：
    Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-100011
    其中，Q为统计道数，P为采样点数，aj为振幅值；
    计算每一地震道集的振幅能量E1：
    Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-100012
    计算每一地震道集的振幅均衡系数k：
    k＝E0/E1
    采用所述振幅均衡系数对每一地震道集进行振幅均衡处理：
    Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-100013
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-100014
    为每一地震道集振幅值a组成的序列，
    Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-100015
    为振幅均衡处理后的振幅值。
  8. 一种地震数据处理装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
    第一计算单元，用于对动校正处理后的S个地震道集中预设范围内的地震道集进行叠加得到模型道，S为整数；
    第二计算单元，用于计算各个地震道集与所述模型道的相关系数，并选出相关系数最大的第K地震道集；
    第三计算单元，用于从第K地震道集向两侧依次计算出各个地震道集的最优点；以及
    校正仪，用于根据所述最优点对地震道集进行剩余动校正。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第三计算单元具体包括：
    第一计算子单元，用于在预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第K-1地震道集与所述第K地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第K-1地震道集的剩余动校正量，K＞1且K为整数；
    第二计算子单元，用于在所述预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第M地震道集与第M+1地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第M地震道集的剩余动校正量，K-2≥M≥1且M为整数；
    第三计算子单元，用于在所述预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第K+1地震道集与所述第K地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第K+1地震道集的剩余动校正量；以及
    第四计算子单元，用于在所述预设时间范围内滑动时窗，计算第N+1地震道集与第N地震道集的相关系数，并选取相关系数最大时的时窗作为最优点，将最优点对应的时移量作为第N+1地震道集的剩余动校正量，S-1≥N≥K+1且N为整数，所述最优点对应的时移量为时窗内的一个地震道集的地震反射时间与 偏移距为0的地震道集的地震反射时间的差值。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的装置，其特征在于，所述校正仪具体包括：
    动校正子单元，用于采用计算出的所述S个地震道集的剩余动校正量对所述S个地震道集进行剩余动校正。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一计算单元，用于：
    采用如下公式对多个地震道集进行叠加得到模型道：
    Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-100016
    其中，m1、m2为地震道集序号，aij为第i道的第j采样点的振幅值，m1、m2、i和j均为正整数，1≤m1＜m2≤S，i∈[m1，m2]。
  12. 根据权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第二计算单元，用于：
    采用以下公式计算模型道
    Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-100017
    与地震道集
    Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-100018
    的相关系数：
    Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-100019
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-100020
    为第x道与模型道
    Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-100021
    的相关系数，aj为模型道
    Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-100022
    第j个采样点的振幅值，Aa为模型道
    Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-100023
    振幅平均值，bj为地震道集
    Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-100024
    第j个采样点的振幅值，Ba为地震道集
    Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-100025
    振幅平均值，x和j均为正整数，且1≤x≤S。
  13. 根据权利要求8至12任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括：
    均衡器，用于在对动校正处理后的S个地震道集中预设范围内的地震道集进行叠加得到模型道之前，对所述各个地震道集进行振幅能量均衡化处理。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的装置，其特征在于，所述均衡器，用于：
    在设定时窗范围内统计振幅能量：
    Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-100026
    其中，Q为统计道数，P为采样点数，aj为振幅值；
    计算每一地震道集的振幅能量E1：
    Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-100027
    计算每一地震道集的振幅均衡系数k：
    k＝E0/E1
    采用所述振幅均衡系数对每一地震道集进行振幅均衡处理：
    Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-100028
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-100029
    为每一地震道集振幅值a组成的序列，
    Figure PCTCN2017078498-appb-100030
    为振幅均衡处理后的振幅值。
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