WO2017166324A1 - 一种发送通信消息的方法和装置 - Google Patents

一种发送通信消息的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017166324A1
WO2017166324A1 PCT/CN2016/078402 CN2016078402W WO2017166324A1 WO 2017166324 A1 WO2017166324 A1 WO 2017166324A1 CN 2016078402 W CN2016078402 W CN 2016078402W WO 2017166324 A1 WO2017166324 A1 WO 2017166324A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
backoff
terminal device
access
cell
basic
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2016/078402
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
于峰
单宝堃
于光炜
于映辉
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to ES16896103T priority Critical patent/ES2784395T3/es
Priority to PCT/CN2016/078402 priority patent/WO2017166324A1/zh
Priority to CN201680079493.XA priority patent/CN108702691B/zh
Priority to EP16896103.5A priority patent/EP3429273B1/en
Publication of WO2017166324A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017166324A1/zh
Priority to US16/145,567 priority patent/US10887827B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
    • H04W48/12—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery using downlink control channel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
    • H04W48/14—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery using user query or user detection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
    • H04W74/0841—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access with collision treatment
    • H04W74/085—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access with collision treatment collision avoidance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H04W76/18—Management of setup rejection or failure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of Internet technologies, and in particular, to a method and apparatus for transmitting a communication message.
  • a terminal establishes a connection with a network through a RA (Random Access) process of a MAC (Media Access Control) layer.
  • the terminal may send a preamble sequence (which may be referred to as a preamble) to the base station when the preset resource period is reached, indicating that the base station needs to access the network itself.
  • the base station if the base station needs to delay the terminal access for some reason (the network load is too large, etc.), the base station (BI) can carry the backoff indicator (BI) in the RAR (Random Access Response).
  • the correspondence table between the BI and the backoff duration is stored, and then the backoff duration corresponding to the received BI can be searched in the comparison relationship table, and then the preamble is resent after the backoff duration is reached.
  • the resource cycle of the terminal may be different. In this case, it is difficult to control the back-off access of each terminal by using the unified relationship table between the BI and the back-off time, resulting in poor flexibility of load control.
  • the resource period of terminal A is 10 ms (that is, there is one transmission opportunity every 10 ms)
  • the resource period of terminal B is 400 ms (that is, there is one transmission opportunity every 400 ms)
  • the maximum backoff duration is 320 ms
  • the maximum transmission opportunity of terminal A backoff is 0 and 32 times, for terminal B, since the maximum backoff duration is 320ms ⁇ 400ms, the processing of terminal B after control access is controlled before the control access. In the same way, it cannot play the role of controlling terminal B access.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method and a device for transmitting a communication message.
  • the technical solution is as follows:
  • a method of transmitting a communication message comprising:
  • the terminal device sends an access request to the cell to which it belongs;
  • the terminal device monitors a downlink control channel, and receives an access response message according to scheduling information in the downlink control channel;
  • the terminal device determines the back-off corresponding to the back-off access identifier in the access response message according to the corresponding relationship between the back-off access identifier and the back-off parameter. parameter;
  • the terminal device sends an access request to the cell again after the backoff duration.
  • the resource interval period may indicate that the terminal device sends the minimum time interval of the access resources available for the access request on the access channel, that is, the sending period of the terminal device sending the access request, and the backoff parameter may be It is a multiple of the access resource interval period.
  • the terminal may search for the backoff parameter corresponding to the received backoff access identifier in the corresponding relationship between the back-off access identifier and the backoff parameter, and then multiply the backoff parameter by the resource interval period corresponding to the terminal device to obtain the terminal device.
  • Treatment time may be used to multiply the backoff parameter by the resource interval period corresponding to the terminal device to obtain the terminal device.
  • the method before the terminal device determines the backoff duration according to the backoff parameter and the access resource interval period corresponding to the terminal device, the method further includes:
  • the access resource interval period indicating a minimum interval of the access resources available by the terminal device to send the access request twice on the access channel
  • Corresponding relationship information between the coverage level and the access resource interval period, including the middle finger in the cell is sent by the cell to the terminal device.
  • the cell (such as a cell) may broadcast a system message indicating the configuration of the physical channel resource to the terminal device, where the system message may carry the correspondence relationship between the coverage level and the access resource interval period.
  • the terminal device can detect the coverage level of the terminal device to the terminal device, determine the coverage level of the terminal device according to the coverage level, and find the access resource interval period corresponding to the coverage level of the terminal device in the foregoing relationship.
  • the terminal device determines a backoff duration according to the backoff parameter and the access resource interval period The specific way is:
  • the Backoff_Time indicates the backoff duration, and any value selected in [0, Backoff_Value] is the backoff parameter, and the PeriodCEL indicates the access resource interval period corresponding to the coverage level of the terminal device.
  • a method of transmitting a communication message comprising:
  • the terminal device sends a communication message to the cell to which it belongs;
  • the terminal device acquires a backoff parameter, and determines a backoff duration according to the backoff parameter and a basic backoff slot corresponding to the terminal device;
  • the terminal device sends an access request to the cell again after the backoff duration.
  • the basic backoff time slot indicates a minimum duration unit when the terminal device performs backoff.
  • the length of the basic backoff slot may be the total number of basic slots occupied by the transmission duration of a typical data packet.
  • the basic backoff slot may be an appearance period of each coverage level or MCS (Modulation and Coding Schemes) corresponding to the time domain.
  • the backoff parameter can be a multiple of the basic backoff slot.
  • the terminal device can store a backoff window, which can also be referred to as a contention window.
  • the backoff window can be a range of values, the value contained in the range of values can be used as a backoff parameter, and the backoff parameter can be a multiple of the basic backoff slot.
  • the terminal device may generate a positive integer N that is not greater than the backoff window, and the backoff window may wait for the initial window of the backoff or may be equal to the product of the backoff initial window and the number of times the packet has been transmitted.
  • Different MCS The backoff initial windows corresponding to different coverage levels may be the same or different. For the case where the backoff initial window corresponding to the coverage level is different, the system message may carry the correspondence between the coverage level and the backoff initial window.
  • the terminal device can randomly select a value in the backoff window as the backoff parameter.
  • the method before the determining the backoff duration according to the backoff parameter and the basic backoff slot corresponding to the terminal device, the method further includes:
  • the basic backoff time slot indicates a minimum duration unit when the terminal device performs backoff.
  • the base station may broadcast a system message to the terminal device, where the system message may carry a correspondence between each channel and the MCS, and a backoff parameter on each channel, where the backoff parameter may be a multiple of the basic backoff slot.
  • the system message may further include a basic backoff time slot corresponding to each MCS, and a number of retransmissions of each data.
  • the system message may also carry the corresponding relationship between the coverage level and the basic backoff time slot, and the terminal device may determine the coverage level corresponding to the coverage, and the basic backoff time slot corresponding to the coverage area is used as the basic backoff of the terminal device. Time slot.
  • the basic backoff time slot of the MCS is used as a basic backoff time slot corresponding to the channel; if the channel corresponds to multiple MCSs, the basic backoff time corresponding to multiple MCSs may be In the slot, the largest basic backoff slot is used as the basic backoff slot corresponding to the channel.
  • the determining, according to the backoff parameter and the basic backoff slot corresponding to the terminal device, determining backoff is:
  • the Backoff_Time indicates the backoff duration, and any value selected in [0, CW_CH] is a backoff parameter, and the basic backoff slot indicates a basic backoff slot corresponding to the first channel to be used.
  • a terminal device comprising a transceiver, a processor and a memory, wherein:
  • the transceiver is configured to send an access request to an associated cell
  • the processor is configured to monitor a downlink control channel, and control, by the scheduling information in the downlink control channel, the transceiver to receive an access response message;
  • the processor is configured to determine, in the access response message, the backoff in the access response message, according to the correspondence between the back-off access identifier and the backoff parameter pre-stored in the memory, if the access response message carries the back-off access identifier The backoff parameter corresponding to the access identifier;
  • the processor is configured to determine a backoff duration according to the backoff parameter and an access resource interval period corresponding to the terminal device;
  • the transceiver is configured to send an access request to the cell again after the backoff duration.
  • the processor is further configured to:
  • the access resource interval period indicating a minimum interval of the access resources available by the terminal device to send the access request twice on the access channel
  • the information about the relationship between the coverage level and the access resource interval period is included in the system message indicating the configuration of the physical channel resource in the cell, and is sent by the cell to the terminal device.
  • the processor is specifically configured to:
  • the Backoff_Time indicates the backoff duration, and any value selected in [0, Backoff_Value] is the backoff parameter, and the PeriodCEL indicates the access resource interval period corresponding to the coverage level of the terminal device.
  • a fourth aspect provides a terminal device, where the terminal device includes a transceiver and a processor, where:
  • the transceiver is configured to send a communication message to an associated cell
  • the processor is configured to: if the transceiver does not receive the response message sent by the cell within a preset duration after sending the communication message, or the transceiver receives the backhaul transmission sent by the cell Determining the backoff parameter, and determining the backoff duration according to the backoff parameter and the basic backoff slot corresponding to the terminal device;
  • the transceiver is configured to send an access request to the cell again after the backoff duration.
  • the terminal device further includes a memory, where the processor is further configured to:
  • the basic backoff time slot indicates a minimum duration unit when the terminal device performs backoff.
  • the processor is specifically configured to:
  • the Backoff_Time indicates the backoff duration, and any value selected in [0, CW_CH] is a backoff parameter, and the basic backoff slot indicates a basic backoff slot corresponding to the first channel to be used.
  • a fifth aspect provides a terminal device, where the terminal device includes:
  • the transceiver module is specifically implemented by the transceiver, and is configured to send an access request to the cell to which it belongs;
  • the monitoring module is specifically implemented by the processor, and is configured to monitor the downlink control channel, and control, by the scheduling information in the downlink control channel, the transceiver module to receive an access response message;
  • the determining module is specifically implemented by the processor, and is further configured to determine a backoff duration according to the backoff parameter and an access resource interval period corresponding to the terminal device;
  • the transceiver module is specifically implemented by the transceiver, and is further configured to send an access request to the cell again after the backoff duration.
  • the determining module is further configured to:
  • the access resource interval period indicating a minimum interval of the access resources available by the terminal device to send the access request twice on the access channel
  • the information about the relationship between the coverage level and the access resource interval period is included in the system message indicating the configuration of the physical channel resource in the cell, and is sent by the cell to the terminal device.
  • the determining module is specifically configured to:
  • the Backoff_Time indicates the backoff duration, and any value selected in [0, Backoff_Value] is the backoff parameter, and the PeriodCEL indicates the access resource interval period corresponding to the coverage level of the terminal device.
  • a sixth aspect provides a terminal device, where the terminal device includes:
  • the transceiver module is specifically implemented by the transceiver, and is configured to send a communication message to the cell to which it belongs;
  • the determining module is specifically implemented by the processor, if the transceiver module does not receive the response message sent by the cell within a preset duration after sending the communication message, or the transceiver receives the sending by the cell After the response message carrying the backoff transmission identifier is received, the backoff parameter is obtained, and the backoff duration is determined according to the backoff parameter and the basic backoff slot corresponding to the terminal device;
  • the transceiver module is specifically implemented by the transceiver, and is further configured to send an access request to the cell again after the backoff duration.
  • the determining module is further configured to:
  • the basic backoff time slot indicates a minimum duration unit when the terminal device performs backoff.
  • the determining module is specifically configured to:
  • the Backoff_Time indicates the backoff duration, and any value selected in [0, CW_CH] is a backoff parameter, and the basic backoff slot indicates a basic backoff slot corresponding to the first channel to be used.
  • the terminal device sends an access request to the cell to which it belongs, the terminal device listens to the downlink control channel, and receives an access response message according to the scheduling information in the downlink control channel, if the access response is ringing
  • the device carries the backoff access identifier, and the terminal device determines the backoff parameter corresponding to the backoff access identifier in the access response message according to the pre-stored correspondence between the backoff access identifier and the backoff parameter, and the terminal device according to the backoff parameter and the terminal
  • the access resource interval period corresponding to the device determines the backoff duration, and the terminal device sends the access request to the cell again after the backoff time length. Therefore, the backoff duration can be determined according to the access resource interval period corresponding to the terminal device, and the time can be effectively controlled.
  • the back-off access of the terminal can improve the flexibility of load control.
  • FIG. 1 is a system frame diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for sending a communication message according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method for sending a communication message according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for sending a communication message according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a channel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a channel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless communication system provided by the present application, the architecture of which is applicable to various embodiments of the present application.
  • the method provided in this embodiment may be applied to an authorized spectrum in a wireless communication system, such as an NB-IoT system, as shown in FIG. 2, which is a system framework diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention, where the wireless communication system may include : Network device 101 and at least one terminal device 102.
  • the NB-IoT system can be widely used in many fields, including intelligent transportation, building control systems, home intelligent control systems, video surveillance systems, and industrial monitoring. As shown in Figure 2, the refrigerator, electric meter, car, etc.
  • the terminal device 102 in the NB-IoT system communicates with other terminal devices through a base station, a transmission network, or the like (which can be used as the network device 101 in the NB-IoT system), for example, communication between the electric meter and the automobile.
  • the network device 101 may include a base station, or a radio resource management device for controlling the base station, or a base station and a radio resource management device for controlling the base station; wherein the base station may be a macro station or a small station, such as a small cell.
  • the base station may also be a home base station, such as an HNB (Home NodeB, Home Node B), a HeNB (Home eNodeB, Home ENodeB, etc.), and the base station may also include a relay node. Wait.
  • HNB Home NodeB, Home Node B
  • HeNB Home eNodeB, Home ENodeB, etc.
  • the network device 101 in the wireless communication system may be an eNodeB (evolved NodeB, evolved Node B), and the terminal device 102 may be a UE;
  • the TD-SCDMA system or the WCDMA system the network device 101 in the wireless communication system provided by the embodiment of the present invention may include: a NodeB (Node B) and/or an RNC (Radio Network Controller), and the terminal device 102 may be
  • the network device 101 provided by the embodiment of the present invention may include a BTS (Base Transceiver Station) and/or a BSC (Base Station Controller); the terminal device 102 is an MS (Mobile). Station, mobile station);
  • the network device 101 may include: an Access Point (AP) and/or an Access Controller (AC), and the terminal device 102 may be an STA (STATCH).
  • AP Access Point
  • AC Access Controller
  • the communication system of the wireless communication system includes but is not limited to: GSM (Global System of Mobile communication), CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) IS-95, and CDMA (Code Division). Multiple Access, Code Division Multiple Access) 2000, TD-SCDMA (Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access), WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access), TDD LTE (Time) Division Duplexing-Long Term Evolution, Time Division Duplex-Long Term Evolution, FDD LTE (Frequency Division Duplexing-Long Term Evolution), LTE-advanced (Long Term Evolution-Advanced) , PHS (Personal Handy-phone System), WiFi (Wireless Fidelity, Wireless Fidelity 802.11 series protocol), WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), and future evolution A wireless communication system.
  • GSM Global System of Mobile communication
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • the terminal device 102 may be a wireless terminal, and the wireless terminal may provide a voice to the user. And/or data connectivity devices, handheld devices with wireless connectivity, or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem.
  • the wireless terminal can communicate with one or more core networks via a radio access network (eg, RAN, Radio Access Network), which can be a mobile terminal, such as a mobile phone (or "cellular" phone) and with a mobile terminal
  • RAN Radio Access Network
  • the computers for example, can be portable, pocket-sized, handheld, computer-integrated or in-vehicle mobile devices that exchange language and/or data with the wireless access network.
  • a wireless terminal may also be called a Subscriber Unit, a Subscriber Station, a Mobile Station, a Mobile, a Remote Station, an Access Point, and a Remote Terminal.
  • Remote Terminal Access Terminal, User Terminal, User Agent, User Device, or User Equipment.
  • the network device 101 sends a system message in a cell (such as a cell), and the system message may include a correspondence relationship between the coverage level and the access resource interval period, and the at least one terminal device 102 may receive the system sent by the network device 101. Message.
  • the at least one terminal device 102 may send an access request to the network device 101, and the network device 101 sends an access response message to the at least one terminal device 102 for the access request, and the access response message may carry the permission.
  • Access identifier or backoff access identifier may be used to determine whether the access request has been modified by the network device 101.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device 102 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the terminal device 102 may include a transceiver 310, a processor 320, and a memory 330.
  • the transceiver 310 and the memory 330 may be respectively connected to the processor 320. 3 is shown.
  • the transceiver 310 can be used to transmit and receive messages or data.
  • the transceiver 310 can include, but is not limited to, an antenna, at least one amplifier, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a coupler, an LNA (Low Noise Amplifier), and a dual Tools, etc.
  • LNA Low Noise Amplifier
  • the processor 320 can be the control center of the terminal device 102, connecting various portions of the entire server using various interfaces and lines, by running or executing software programs and/or modules stored in the memory 330, and recalling stored in the memory 330.
  • the data performing various functions of the server and processing data, thereby performing overall monitoring of the terminal device 102.
  • the processor 320 may include one or more processing units; the processor 320 may be a general-purpose processor, including a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP Processor, etc.), and the like. Signal processor (DSP), application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA) or He can program logic devices and so on.
  • the memory 330 can be used to store programs. In particular, the program can include program code, the program code including computer operating instructions.
  • Memory 330 may include RAM and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage.
  • the processor 320 executes the program code stored in the memory 330 to implement various functions.
  • the communication message includes any data that can be transmitted, such as data and sequence signals, and the communication message may be an access probe signal Preamble.
  • the process of sending a communication message may include the following steps:
  • the network device 101 sends a system message indicating the configuration of the physical channel resource in the cell, and the system message related to the resource configuration carries the correspondence relationship between the coverage level and the access resource interval period on the cell access channel, and the corresponding relationship information It is related to determining the length of retreat.
  • the resource interval period may be a sending period in which the terminal device 102 sends an access request.
  • system message may be sent in the form of a broadcast, and after receiving the corresponding relationship information, the terminal device 102 may store the corresponding relationship information for subsequent processing.
  • the terminal device 102 After receiving the system message indicating the configuration of the physical channel resource, the terminal device 102 obtains the correspondence relationship between the coverage level and the access resource interval period in the system message. The terminal device 102 determines a coverage level according to the coverage degree of the cell to the terminal device 102, and determines an access resource interval period according to the correspondence relationship information.
  • S403 The terminal device 102 sends an access request on the access channel.
  • the network device 101 After receiving the access request sent by the terminal device 102 on the access channel, the network device 101 sends scheduling information of the access response message to the terminal device 102 on the downlink control channel, and sends the scheduling information to the terminal device 102 according to the scheduling information.
  • the terminal device 102 After receiving the access response message, the terminal device 102 obtains the backoff access identifier in the access response message. The terminal device 102 determines the backoff parameter according to the backoff access identifier, and further determines the backoff duration according to the backoff parameter and the access resource interval period.
  • the corresponding relationship between the back-off access identifier and the back-off parameter may be stored in the terminal device 102, and the corresponding relationship may be stored in the form of a correspondence table, which may be as follows:
  • the BI may be a backoff access identifier, and X0, X1, . . . may be a backoff parameter corresponding to the backoff access identifier.
  • the backoff parameter may be a multiple of the access resource interval period.
  • X1 may indicate that the multiple of the access resource interval period is 1
  • X8 may indicate that the multiple of the access resource interval period is 8.
  • the terminal device 102 can multiply the backoff parameter by the resource interval period corresponding to the terminal device 102 to obtain the backoff duration of the terminal device 102.
  • the specific treatment is:
  • the Backoff_Time indicates the backoff duration, and any value selected in [0, Backoff_Value] is the backoff parameter, and the PeriodCEL indicates the access resource interval period corresponding to the coverage level of the terminal device.
  • S406 The terminal device 102 sends an access request on the access channel after the backoff time is exceeded.
  • the terminal device 102 may send an access request on the access channel after the backoff duration and when the resource interval period is reached.
  • the backoff duration is determined according to the backoff access identifier indicated by the network device 101 and the access resource interval period of the terminal device 102, because the access resource interval period of the terminal device 102 and the terminal device 102 Coverage level is related, so different The coverage level of the terminal device 102 of the coverage level is different according to the same backoff access identifier, thereby avoiding the problem that the network device 101 cannot perform flexible backoff control for the terminal devices 102 of different coverage levels.
  • the process of sending the communication message described above may be as follows:
  • the access procedure is a random access procedure in the LTE system, and the terminal uses the access channel as a physical random access channel PRACH.
  • the system message indicating the resource configuration is SIB2, which is sent by the base station in the cell.
  • the base station configures different PRACH resource parameters for the terminals of different coverage levels through the SIB2, including the PRACH resource period (that is, the foregoing access resource period).
  • the foregoing PRACH resource period indicates the minimum time interval between two available PRACH resources for a terminal device of a certain coverage level.
  • the access request is an access probe signal Preamble, and is sent by the terminal to the base station on the available PRACH resources.
  • the probe signal Preamble is a sequence signal in the time domain.
  • the access response message is a random access response protocol data unit (RAR PDU), and the base station may combine random access response messages for multiple terminal devices into one RAR PDU for transmission.
  • RAR PDU random access response protocol data unit
  • the base station When transmitting the RAR PDU, the base station now transmits the scheduling information of the RAR PDU in the PDCCH, and then sends the RAR PDU at the corresponding scheduling position in the PDSCH. If the base station wants to control the terminal to perform backoff access due to excessive cell load or the like, the base station may perform the backoff instruction by using the RAR PDU.
  • the access backoff identifier is BI, and each BI value corresponds to a backoff parameter.
  • the unit of the backoff parameter is milliseconds, that is, the absolute time.
  • the unit used in the present application is the foregoing PRACH period.
  • the reason for the backoff by using the PRACH resource period is that the terminals of different coverage levels have different PRACH resource periods, and the PRACH period is used for backoff, and the same BI indication is used.
  • a terminal with a higher coverage level has a longer retreat time, and a terminal with a lower coverage level has a shorter retraction duration, which can achieve flexible retreat control for terminals of different coverage levels, and avoid using absolute time as a unit.
  • the partial backoff parameter has a poor backoff control effect for terminals with partial coverage levels.
  • the embodiment further provides a process of performing an evacuation process by transmitting an access request Preamble in the PRACH, calculating an backoff duration by using an access resource interval period corresponding to the current coverage level of the terminal, and performing a backoff process.
  • the process can be as follows:
  • Step 1 The base station sends the SIB2 in the cell, where the SIB2 includes relevant parameters for the PRACH resource configuration performed by the base station for different coverage level terminals, including corresponding coverage levels. PRACH cycle.
  • Step 2 After receiving the SIB2, the base station acquires related parameters about the configuration of the PRACH resource.
  • the terminal determines the coverage level of the cell according to the degree of coverage of the cell, and the relevant PRACH configuration parameter in the SIB2, and determines the PRACH period of the coverage level.
  • Step 3 The terminal sends a Preamble on the PRACH, indicating that the base station needs to perform random access.
  • Step 4 After receiving the Preamble sent by the terminal on the PRACH, the base station sends the scheduling information of the RAR PDU to the terminal on the PDCCH, and sends the RAR PDU to the terminal in the corresponding scheduling resource location in the PDSCH, where the RAR PDU is included.
  • Step 5 After receiving the RAR PDU, the terminal obtains the BI in the RAR PDU.
  • the terminal determines the backoff parameter according to the BI, and further determines the backoff duration according to the backoff parameter and the access resource interval period:
  • the Backoff_Time indicates the backoff duration, and any value selected in [0, Backoff_Value] is the backoff parameter, and the PeriodCEL indicates the PRACH period corresponding to the coverage level of the terminal.
  • Step 6 After the terminal is longer than the backoff time, the terminal resends the Preamble on the PRACH to request access to the cell.
  • the foregoing process may implement a network or a cell that supports multiple coverage levels.
  • the base station performs flexible backoff control for terminals of different coverage levels, but the embodiment may also be applicable to support only a single normal coverage level.
  • the network and the cell provide another access optimization method, and perform backoff control in combination with the access resource period, which can effectively adapt to the transmission performance in the terminal device access process.
  • the terminal device sends an access request to the cell to which it belongs, and the terminal device monitors the downlink control channel, and receives an access response message according to the scheduling information in the downlink control channel, and if the access response message carries the backoff access identifier, And determining, by the terminal device, the backoff parameter corresponding to the backoff access identifier in the access response message according to the pre-stored correspondence between the backoff access identifier and the backoff parameter, and determining, by the terminal device, the backoff parameter and the access resource interval period corresponding to the terminal device.
  • the retreat time is long, and the terminal device sends an access request to the cell again after the retreat time length. Therefore, the retreat duration can be determined according to the access resource interval period corresponding to the terminal device, and the retreat access of each terminal can be effectively controlled, thereby improving The flexibility of load control.
  • FIG. 1 is a system framework diagram of sending a communication message according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the information transmission between the terminal device and the base station is taken as an example, and other situations are similar, and details are not described herein again.
  • the specific processing procedure of the method can be as follows:
  • the base station sends a system message.
  • the base station may broadcast a system message to the terminal device, where the system message may carry a correspondence between each channel and the MCS, and a backoff parameter on each channel, where the backoff parameter may be a multiple of the basic backoff slot.
  • the system message may further include a basic backoff time slot corresponding to each MCS, and a number of retransmissions of each data.
  • the system message may also carry a correspondence between the coverage level and the basic backoff slot.
  • Each channel can correspond to one MCS or multiple MCSs.
  • the terminal device 102 receives the system message, and acquires a correspondence between each channel and the MCS, and information such as backoff parameters on the channel, and then can be stored.
  • the terminal device 102 decides to transmit data on the corresponding channel according to the MCS selected by itself.
  • the terminal device 102 sends a communication message to the base station.
  • the communication message may be an access request or a data transmission request.
  • the base station does not successfully decode the data transmitted by the terminal device 102, and feeds back the NACK message, or may not send a message to the terminal device 102 if the base station is overloaded due to overload, or if the base station is overstressed due to a fault or load.
  • the terminal device If the terminal device does not receive the response message sent by the cell within the preset duration after the communication message is sent, or the terminal device receives the response message that is sent by the cell and carries the backoff transmission identifier, the terminal device acquires the backoff parameter, and The backoff duration is determined according to the backoff parameter and the basic backoff slot corresponding to the terminal device.
  • the terminal device may determine that the request is to be performed.
  • Treat processing The terminal device 102 determines a basic backoff slot corresponding to the first channel to be used according to the correspondence between the pre-stored channels and the basic backoff slot.
  • the basic backoff time slot of the MCS is used as a basic backoff time slot corresponding to the channel; if the channel corresponds to multiple MCSs, the basic backoff time corresponding to multiple MCSs may be In the slot, the largest basic backoff slot is used as the basic backoff slot corresponding to the channel.
  • the basic backoff time slot is a minimum duration unit indicating that the terminal device 102 performs backoff.
  • the terminal device 102 can also store a backoff window, which can also be referred to as a contention window.
  • the backoff window can be a range of values, the value contained in the range of values can be used as a backoff parameter, and the backoff parameter can be a multiple of the basic backoff slot.
  • the terminal device 102 can generate a positive integer N that is not greater than the backoff window, the backoff window can be equal to the initial window of the backoff, or can be equal to the product of the backoff initial window and the number of times the packet has been transmitted.
  • the backoff initial windows corresponding to different MCSs or different coverage levels may be the same or different.
  • the system message may carry the correspondence between the coverage level and the backoff initial window.
  • the terminal device 102 can randomly select a value in the backoff window as the backoff parameter, and the calculation method of the backoff duration can be as follows:
  • the Backoff_Time indicates the backoff duration, and any value selected in [0, CW_CH] is a backoff parameter, and the basic backoff slot indicates a basic backoff slot corresponding to the first channel to be used.
  • the frequency domain resources occupied by different channels are different.
  • the basic backoff time slot of the backoff on the channel is equal to the classic packet length divided by the physical layer rate or a typical physical PDU (physical layer) size.
  • the basic time units for backoff are T1, T2, and T3, respectively.
  • the basic backoff slot may be the period of occurrence of each coverage level in the time domain or the channel corresponding to the MCS.
  • FIG. 7 a schematic diagram of a mapping relationship between an MCS and a channel, where each MCS corresponds to a different channel.
  • the time domain resources occupied by different channels are different.
  • the basic time unit of backoff on the channel is equal to the period in which the channel appears, that is, the time interval between two adjacent channels.
  • the basic time units for backoff are T1, T2, and T3, respectively.
  • the timer can be started.
  • the timer reaches the backoff duration. After the backoff duration is reached, the terminal device 102 transmits data.
  • the terminal device may acquire the pre-existence
  • the stored backoff parameter and the basic backoff time slot are then multiplied by the backoff parameter by the basic backoff time slot to obtain the backoff time.
  • the basic backoff time slots of different terminal devices are the same. Therefore, the backoff duration calculated by different terminal devices is likely to be the same, which may cause the data packets to overlap each other when the data packets are sent, or resources are easily generated. Wasted situation.
  • the terminal device sends a communication message to the cell to which it belongs. If the terminal device does not receive the response message sent by the cell within the preset duration after the communication message is sent, the terminal device receives the After the response message of the transmission identifier is retracted, the terminal device acquires the backoff parameter, and determines the backoff time according to the backoff parameter and the basic backoff time slot corresponding to the terminal device, and the terminal device sends the access request to the cell again after the backoff time, so that the terminal device can be used according to the terminal.
  • the basic backoff time slot corresponding to the device determines the backoff duration, which can effectively avoid the same situation of the backoff time of the terminal device, thereby avoiding overlapping of data packets or waste of resources.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a terminal device.
  • the terminal device provided in this embodiment may implement the process of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, where the terminal device includes a transceiver. 310, processor 320 and memory 330, wherein:
  • the transceiver 310 is configured to send an access request to the cell to which it belongs;
  • the processor 320 is configured to monitor the downlink control channel, and control the transceiver 310 to receive the access response message according to the scheduling information in the downlink control channel.
  • the processor 320 is configured to determine, according to the correspondence between the back-off access identifier and the back-off parameter stored in advance in the memory 330, the back-off corresponding to the back-off access identifier in the access response message, if the access-response message carries the back-off access identifier. parameter;
  • the processor 320 is configured to determine a backoff duration according to the backoff parameter and an access resource interval period corresponding to the terminal device;
  • the transceiver 310 is configured to send an access request to the cell again after the backoff time.
  • the resource interval period may indicate that the terminal device sends the minimum time interval of the access resources available for the access request on the access channel, that is, the sending period of the terminal device sending the access request, and the backoff parameter may be It is a multiple of the access resource interval period.
  • the transceiver 310 can be configured to send an access request to the cell to which it belongs.
  • the memory 330 can store the corresponding relationship between the back-off access identifier and the backoff parameter.
  • the processor 320 can search for the received back-off access identifier in the corresponding relationship.
  • the backoff parameter can be multiplied by the resource interval period corresponding to the terminal device by the backoff parameter to obtain the backoff duration of the terminal device.
  • processor 320 is further configured to:
  • the access resource interval period indicates a minimum interval in time for the access resources available to the terminal device to send the access request twice on the access channel.
  • the information about the relationship between the coverage level and the access resource interval period is included in the system message indicating the configuration of the physical channel resource in the cell, and is sent by the cell to the terminal device.
  • the cell (such as a cell) may broadcast a system message indicating the configuration of the physical channel resource to the terminal device, where the system message may carry the correspondence relationship between the coverage level and the access resource interval period.
  • the processor 320 can detect the coverage level of the terminal device to the terminal device, determine the coverage level of the terminal device according to the coverage level, and find the access resource interval period corresponding to the coverage level of the terminal device in the foregoing relationship.
  • the processor 320 is specifically configured to:
  • the Backoff_Time indicates the backoff duration, and any value selected in [0, Backoff_Value] is the backoff parameter, and the PeriodCEL indicates the access resource interval period corresponding to the coverage level of the terminal device.
  • the terminal device sends an access request to the cell to which it belongs, and the terminal device monitors the downlink control channel, and receives an access response message according to the scheduling information in the downlink control channel, and if the access response message carries the backoff access identifier, And determining, by the terminal device, the backoff parameter corresponding to the backoff access identifier in the access response message according to the pre-stored correspondence between the backoff access identifier and the backoff parameter, and determining, by the terminal device, the backoff parameter and the access resource interval period corresponding to the terminal device.
  • the retreat time is long, and the terminal device sends an access request to the cell again after the retreat time length. Therefore, the retreat duration can be determined according to the access resource interval period corresponding to the terminal device, and the retreat access of each terminal can be effectively controlled, thereby improving The flexibility of load control.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a terminal device.
  • the terminal device provided in this embodiment may implement the process of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, where the terminal device includes a transceiver. 310, processor 320, wherein:
  • the transceiver 310 is configured to send a communication message to an associated cell
  • the processor 320 is configured to: if the transceiver 310 does not receive the response message sent by the cell within a preset duration after sending the communication message, or the transceiver 310 receives the bearer sent by the cell. Obtaining a backoff parameter, and determining a backoff duration according to the backoff parameter and a basic backoff slot corresponding to the terminal device;
  • the transceiver 310 is configured to send an access request to the cell again after the backoff duration.
  • the backoff parameter can be a multiple of the basic backoff slot.
  • the memory 330 can store a backoff window, which can also be referred to as a contention window.
  • the backoff window can be a range of values, the value contained in the range of values can be used as a backoff parameter, and the backoff parameter can be a multiple of the basic backoff slot.
  • the terminal device may generate a positive integer N that is not greater than the backoff window, and the backoff window may wait for the initial window of the backoff or may be equal to the product of the backoff initial window and the number of times the packet has been transmitted.
  • the backoff initial windows corresponding to different MCSs or different coverage levels may be the same or different. For the case where the backoff initial window corresponding to the coverage level is different, the system message may carry the correspondence between the coverage level and the backoff initial window.
  • the processor 320 can randomly select a value as a backoff parameter in the backoff window.
  • the terminal device further includes a memory 330, where the processor 320 is further configured to:
  • the basic backoff time slot indicates a minimum duration unit when the terminal device performs backoff.
  • the basic backoff time slot indicates a minimum duration unit when the terminal device performs backoff.
  • the base station may broadcast a system message to the terminal device, where the system message may carry a correspondence between each channel and the MCS, and a backoff parameter on each channel, where the backoff parameter may be a multiple of the basic backoff slot.
  • the system message may further include a basic backoff time slot corresponding to each MCS, and a number of retransmissions of each data.
  • the system message may also carry a correspondence between the coverage level and the basic backoff time slot, and the processor 320 may determine the coverage level corresponding to the coverage, and the basic backoff time slot corresponding to the coverage area is used as the basic of the terminal device. Backoff time slot.
  • the processor 320 may use the basic backoff time slot of the MCS as the basic backoff time slot corresponding to the channel; if the channel corresponds to multiple MCSs, the processor 320 may be more Among the basic backoff slots corresponding to the MCS, the largest basic backoff slot is used as the basic backoff slot corresponding to the channel.
  • the processor 320 is specifically configured to:
  • the Backoff_Time indicates the backoff duration, and any value selected in [0, CW_CH] is a backoff parameter, and the basic backoff slot indicates a basic backoff slot corresponding to the first channel to be used.
  • the terminal equipment may acquire the pre-stored backoff parameter and the basic backoff time slot, and then multiply the backoff time slot by the backoff parameter to obtain the backoff time.
  • the basic backoff time slots of different terminal devices are the same. Therefore, the backoff duration calculated by different terminal devices is likely to be the same, which may cause the data packets to overlap each other when the data packets are sent, or resources are easily generated. Wasted situation.
  • the terminal device sends a communication message to the cell to which it belongs, if the terminal device does not receive the response message sent by the cell within a preset duration after the communication message is sent, or the terminal device receives And the terminal device acquires a backoff parameter, and determines a backoff duration according to the backoff parameter and a basic backoff slot corresponding to the terminal device, where the terminal device is in a response message that is sent by the cell and carries a backoff transmission identifier.
  • the access request is sent to the cell again, so that the backoff duration can be determined according to the basic backoff slot corresponding to the terminal device, and the backoff duration of the terminal device can be effectively avoided, thereby avoiding data.
  • packets are sent, they overlap each other, or they are prone to waste of resources.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a terminal device.
  • the terminal device provided in this embodiment may implement the process of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, where the terminal device includes:
  • the transceiver module 810 is configured to send an access request to the cell to which it belongs;
  • the monitoring module 820 is configured to monitor the downlink control channel, and control, by the scheduling information in the downlink control channel, the transceiver module to receive an access response message;
  • the determining module 830 is configured to determine, according to the correspondence between the back-off access identifier and the backoff parameter pre-stored in the memory, the back-off in the access response message, if the access response message carries the back-off access identifier Enter the corresponding backoff parameter of the identifier;
  • the determining module 830 is further configured to determine a backoff duration according to the backoff parameter and an access resource interval period corresponding to the terminal device;
  • the transceiver module 810 is further configured to send an access request to the cell again after the backoff duration.
  • the resource interval period may indicate that the terminal device sends the connection twice on the access channel.
  • the minimum interval of the access resources available for the incoming request, that is, the sending interval in which the terminal device sends the access request, and the backoff parameter may be a multiple of the access resource interval period.
  • the determining module 830 may search for the backoff parameter corresponding to the received backoff access identifier in the corresponding relationship between the back-off access identifier and the backoff parameter, and then multiply the backoff parameter by the resource interval period corresponding to the terminal device to obtain the terminal.
  • the backoff time of the device can be implemented by the transceiver 310 described above, and the listening module 820 and the determining module 830 can be implemented by the processor 320 and the memory 330.
  • the determining module 830 is further configured to:
  • the access resource interval period indicating a minimum interval of the access resources available by the terminal device to send the access request twice on the access channel
  • the information about the relationship between the coverage level and the access resource interval period is included in the system message indicating the configuration of the physical channel resource in the cell, and is sent by the cell to the terminal device.
  • the cell (such as a cell) may broadcast a system message indicating the configuration of the physical channel resource to the terminal device, where the system message may carry the correspondence relationship between the coverage level and the access resource interval period.
  • the determining module 830 can detect the coverage level of the terminal device to the terminal device, determine the coverage level of the terminal device according to the coverage level, and find the access resource interval period corresponding to the coverage level of the terminal device in the foregoing relationship.
  • the determining module 830 is specifically configured to:
  • the Backoff_Time indicates the backoff duration, and any value selected in [0, Backoff_Value] is the backoff parameter, and the PeriodCEL indicates the access resource interval period corresponding to the coverage level of the terminal device.
  • the terminal device sends an access request to the cell to which it belongs, and the terminal device monitors the downlink control channel, and receives an access response message according to the scheduling information in the downlink control channel, and if the access response message carries the backoff access identifier, And determining, by the terminal device, the backoff parameter corresponding to the backoff access identifier in the access response message according to the pre-stored correspondence between the backoff access identifier and the backoff parameter, and determining, by the terminal device, the backoff parameter and the access resource interval period corresponding to the terminal device.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a terminal device.
  • the terminal device provided in this embodiment may implement the process of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, where the terminal device includes:
  • the transceiver module 910 is configured to send a communication message to the cell to which it belongs;
  • the determining module 920 is configured to: if the transceiver module does not receive the response message sent by the cell within a preset duration after sending the communication message, or the transceiver receives the backhaul transmission identifier sent by the cell Obtaining a backoff parameter, and determining a backoff duration according to the backoff parameter and a basic backoff slot corresponding to the terminal device;
  • the transceiver module 910 is further configured to send an access request to the cell again after the backoff duration.
  • the basic backoff time slot indicates a minimum duration unit when the terminal device performs backoff.
  • the length of the basic backoff slot may be the total number of basic slots occupied by the transmission duration of a typical data packet.
  • the basic backoff slot may be the period of occurrence of each coverage level in the time domain or the channel corresponding to the MCS.
  • the backoff parameter can be a multiple of the basic backoff slot.
  • the terminal device can store a backoff window, which can also be referred to as a contention window.
  • the backoff window can be a range of values, the value contained in the range of values can be used as a backoff parameter, and the backoff parameter can be a multiple of the basic backoff slot.
  • the terminal device may generate a positive integer N that is not greater than the backoff window, and the backoff window may be equal to the initial window of the backoff or may be equal to the product of the backoff initial window and the number of times the packet has been transmitted.
  • the backoff initial windows corresponding to different MCSs or different coverage levels may be the same or different.
  • the system message may carry the correspondence between the coverage level and the backoff initial window.
  • the determining module 910 can randomly select a value in the backoff window as the backoff parameter.
  • the transceiver module 910 can be implemented by the transceiver 310, and the determining module 920 can be implemented by the processor 320 and the memory 330.
  • the determining module 920 is further configured to:
  • the basic backoff time slot indicates a minimum duration unit when the terminal device performs backoff.
  • the base station may broadcast a system message to the terminal device, where the system message may carry a correspondence between each channel and the MCS, and a backoff parameter on each channel, where the backoff parameter may be a multiple of the basic backoff slot.
  • the system message may further include a basic backoff time slot corresponding to each MCS, and a number of retransmissions of each data.
  • the system message may also carry a correspondence between the coverage level and the basic backoff time slot, and the determining module 920 may determine the coverage level corresponding to the coverage, and the basic backoff time slot corresponding to the coverage area is used as the basic device of the terminal device. Backoff time slot.
  • the determining module 920 uses the basic backoff time slot of the MCS as the basic backoff time slot corresponding to the channel; if the channel corresponds to multiple MCSs, the determining module 920 may Among the basic backoff slots corresponding to the MCS, the largest basic backoff slot is used as the basic backoff slot corresponding to the channel.
  • the determining module 920 is specifically configured to:
  • the Backoff_Time indicates the backoff duration, and any value selected in [0, CW_CH] is a backoff parameter, and the basic backoff slot indicates a basic backoff slot corresponding to the first channel to be used.
  • the terminal equipment may acquire the pre-stored backoff parameter and the basic backoff time slot, and then multiply the backoff time slot by the backoff parameter to obtain the backoff time.
  • the basic backoff time slots of different terminal devices are the same. Therefore, the backoff duration calculated by different terminal devices is likely to be the same, which may cause the data packets to overlap each other when the data packets are sent, or resources are easily generated. Wasted situation.
  • the terminal device sends a communication message to the cell to which it belongs, if the terminal device does not receive the response message sent by the cell within a preset duration after the communication message is sent, or the terminal device receives And the terminal device acquires a backoff parameter, and determines a backoff duration according to the backoff parameter and a basic backoff slot corresponding to the terminal device, where the terminal device is in a response message that is sent by the cell and carries a backoff transmission identifier.
  • the access request is sent to the cell again, so that the backoff duration can be determined according to the basic backoff slot corresponding to the terminal device, and the backoff duration of the terminal device can be effectively avoided, thereby avoiding data.
  • packets are sent, they overlap each other, or they are prone to waste of resources.
  • the completion of the hardware may also be performed by a program to instruct related hardware.
  • the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the storage medium mentioned above may be a read only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk.

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Abstract

本发明实施例公开了一种发送通信消息的方法和设备，属于互联网技术领域。所述方法包括：终端设备向所属的小区发送接入请求；所述终端设备监听下行控制信道，根据所述下行控制信道中的调度信息接收接入响应消息；如果所述接入响应消息中携带退避接入标识，则所述终端设备根据预先存储的退避接入标识与退避参数的对应关系，确定所述接入响应消息中的退避接入标识对应的退避参数；所述终端设备根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的接入资源间隔周期确定退避时长；所述终端设备在所述退避时长之后再次向所述小区发送接入请求。采用本发明，可以提高负载控制的灵活性。

Description

一种发送通信消息的方法和装置 技术领域
本发明涉及互联网技术领域，特别涉及一种发送通信消息的方法和装置。
背景技术
移动通信已经深刻地改变了人们的生活，但人们对更高性能移动通信的追求从未停止。为了应对未来爆炸性的移动数据流量增长、海量的设备连接、不断涌现的各类新业务和应用场景，5G(5-Generation，第五代移动通信)系统将应运而生。物联网作为5G的重要组成部分，其市场需求增长迅猛，目前3GPP(3rd Generation Partnership Project，第三代合作伙伴计划)标准在研究基于蜂窝网络，通过设计新的空口，充分利用窄带技术的特点，来承载IoT(Internet Of Things，物联网)业务，这一类IoT被称为NB-IoT。与传统蜂窝网络相比，NB-IoT网络的业务和终端设备具有以下特点：业务低速率、长周期、海量连接、低成本和低功耗等要求。
在LTE(Long Term Evolution，长期演进)系统中，终端通过MAC(Media Access Control，媒介访问控制)层的RA(Random Access，随机接入)过程建立与网络的连接。终端可以在达到预设的资源周期时，向基站发送前导序列(可称为preamble)，指示基站自己需要接入网络。此时，若基站因某些原因(网络负载过大等)需要延迟该终端接入，会在RAR(Random Access Response，随机接入响应)中携带BI(Backoff Indicator，退避指示)，终端可以预先存储BI与退避时长的对应关系表，然后可以在该对比关系表中查找接收到的BI对应的退避时长，然后在达到该退避时长之后，再重新发送preamble。
在实现本发明的过程中，发明人发现现有技术至少存在以下问题：
不用终端的资源周期可能会不一样，在这种情况下，很难用统一的BI与退避时长的对应关系表，来控制各终端的退避接入，导致负载控制的灵活性较差。例如，终端A的资源周期为10ms(即每10ms有一次发送机会)，终端B的资源周期为400ms(即每400ms有一次发送机会)，最大的退避时长为320ms，终端A退避的最大发送机会在0～32次之间变化，而对于终端B，由于最大的退避时长为320ms<400ms，因此，控制接入后终端B的处理与控制接入前的处理是相 同的，不能起到控制终端B接入的作用。
发明内容
为了实现终端设备在进行退避处理的过程中，有效的控制各终端的退避接入，从而提高负载控制的灵活性，本发明实施例提供了一种发送通信消息的方法和装置。所述技术方案如下：
第一方面，提供了一种发送通信消息的方法，所述方法包括：
终端设备向所属的小区发送接入请求；
所述终端设备监听下行控制信道，根据下行控制信道中的调度信息接收接入响应消息；
如果所述接入响应消息中携带退避接入标识，则所述终端设备根据预先存储的退避接入标识与退避参数的对应关系，确定所述接入响应消息中的退避接入标识对应的退避参数；
所述终端设备根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的接入资源间隔周期确定退避时长；
所述终端设备在所述退避时长之后再次向所述小区发送接入请求。
其中，资源间隔周期可以指示所述终端设备在所述接入信道上发送两次接入请求可用的接入资源在时间上的最小间隔，即终端设备发送接入请求的发送周期，退避参数可以为接入资源间隔周期的倍数。
终端可以在预先存储的退避接入标识与退避参数的对应关系中，查找接收到的退避接入标识对应的退避参数，然后可以用退避参数乘以终端设备对应的资源间隔周期，得到终端设备的退避时长。
结合第一方面，在该第一方面的第一种可能实现方式中，在所述终端设备根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的接入资源间隔周期确定退避时长之前，还包括：
所述终端设备根据所述小区对所述终端设备的覆盖程度，确定所述终端设备的覆盖范围等级，并确定所述终端设备的覆盖范围等级对应的所述小区接入信道上的接入资源间隔周期；
其中，所述接入资源间隔周期，指示所述终端设备在所述接入信道上发送两次接入请求可用的接入资源在时间上的最小间隔；
覆盖范围等级与接入资源间隔周期的对应关系信息，包含在所述小区中指 示物理信道资源配置的系统消息当中，由所述小区发送给所述终端设备。
小区(如某蜂窝小区)可以向终端设备广播发送指示物理信道资源配置的系统消息，该系统消息中可以携带有覆盖范围等级与接入资源间隔周期的对应关系信息。终端设备可以检测所属的小区对终端设备的覆盖程度，根据该覆盖程度确定终端设备的覆盖范围等级，并在上述对应关系中，查找终端设备的覆盖范围等级对应的接入资源间隔周期。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一种可能实现方式，在该第一方面的第二种可能实现方式中，所述终端设备根据所述退避参数和所述接入资源间隔周期确定退避时长的具体方式为：
Backoff_Time＝[0,Backoff_Value]*PeriodCEL
其中，Backoff_Time表示退避时长，[0,Backoff_Value]中选取的任一数值为退避参数，PeriodCEL表示所述终端设备的覆盖范围等级对应的接入资源间隔周期。
第二方面，提供了一种发送通信消息的方法，所述方法包括：
终端设备向所属的小区发送通信消息；
如果所述终端设备在发送通信消息后的预设时长内未接收到所述小区发送的响应消息，或者，所述终端设备接收到所述小区发送的携带有退避传输标识的响应消息，则所述终端设备获取退避参数，并根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的基本退避时隙确定退避时长；
所述终端设备在所述退避时长之后再次向所述小区发送接入请求。
其中，基本退避时隙，指示终端设备进行退避时的最小时长单位。对于由频域来区分的信道，基本退避时隙的长度可以为一个典型数据包的传输时长所占的整基本时隙数。对于由时域来区分的信道，基本退避时隙可以是时域上每个覆盖范围等级或MCS(Modulation and Coding Schemes，调制和编码方案)所对应信道的出现周期。
退避参数可以是基本退避时隙的倍数。终端设备可以存储退避窗口，该退避窗口也可称为竞争窗口。退避窗口可以是一个数值范围，该数值范围中所包含的数值可以作为退避参数，退避参数可以是基本退避时隙的倍数。终端设备可以产生一个不大于退避窗口的正整数N，所述退避窗口可以等所述退避的初始窗口，也可以等于所述退避初始窗口与数据包已发送次数的乘积。不同MCS 或不同覆盖范围等级对应的退避初始窗口可以相同，也可以不同，对于覆盖范围等级对应的退避初始窗口不同的情况，上述系统消息中可以携带覆盖范围等级与退避初始窗口的对应关系。终端设备可以在退避窗口中，随机选取一个数值，作为退避参数。
结合第二方面，在该第二方面的第一种可能实现方式中，所述根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的基本退避时隙确定退避时长之前，还包括：
所述终端设备根据预先存储的各信道与基本退避时隙的对应关系，确定待使用的第一信道对应的基本退避时隙；
其中，所述基本退避时隙，指示所述终端设备进行退避时的最小时长单位。
基站可以向终端设备广播发送系统消息，该系统消息中可以携带有各信道与MCS的对应关系，以及每个信道上的退避参数，该退避参数可以为基本退避时隙的倍数。另外该系统消息中还可以包括各MCS对应的基本退避时隙，以及每个数据的重传次数等。或者，系统消息中也可以携带覆盖范围等级与基本退避时隙的对应关系，终端设备可以确定自身对应的覆盖范围等级，将该覆盖范围等对应的基本退避时隙，作为该终端设备的基本退避时隙。
对于任一信道，如果该信道对应一个MCS，则将该MCS的基本退避时隙作为该信道对应的基本退避时隙；如果该信道对应多个MCS，则可以将多个MCS对应的基本退避时隙中，最大的基本退避时隙作为该信道对应的基本退避时隙。
结合第二方面或第二方面的第一种可能实现方式，在该第二方面的第二种可能实现方式中，所述根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的基本退避时隙确定退避时长的具体方式为：
Backoff_Time＝[0,CW_CH]*基本退避时隙
其中，Backoff_Time表示退避时长，[0,CW_CH]中选取的任一数值为退避参数，基本退避时隙表示待使用的第一信道对应的基本退避时隙。
第三方面，提供了一种终端设备，所述终端设备包括收发器、处理器和存储器，其中：
所述收发器，用于向所属的小区发送接入请求；
所述处理器，用于监听下行控制信道，根据下行控制信道中的调度信息控制所述收发器接收接入响应消息；
所述处理器，用于如果所述接入响应消息中携带退避接入标识，则根据所述存储器预先存储的退避接入标识与退避参数的对应关系，确定所述接入响应消息中的退避接入标识对应的退避参数；
所述处理器，用于根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的接入资源间隔周期确定退避时长；
所述收发器，用于在所述退避时长之后再次向所述小区发送接入请求。
结合第三方面，在该第三方面的第一种可能实现方式中，所述处理器，还用于：
在根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的接入资源间隔周期确定退避时长之前，根据所述小区对所述终端设备的覆盖程度，确定所述终端设备的覆盖范围等级，并确定所述终端设备的覆盖范围等级对应的所述小区接入信道上的接入资源间隔周期；
其中，所述接入资源间隔周期，指示所述终端设备在所述接入信道上发送两次接入请求可用的接入资源在时间上的最小间隔；
覆盖范围等级与接入资源间隔周期的对应关系信息，包含在所述小区中指示物理信道资源配置的系统消息当中，由所述小区发送给所述终端设备。
结合第三方面或第三方面的第一种可能实现方式，在该第三方面的第二种可能实现方式中，所述处理器，具体用于：
Backoff_Time＝[0,Backoff_Value]*PeriodCEL
其中，Backoff_Time表示退避时长，[0,Backoff_Value]中选取的任一数值为退避参数，PeriodCEL表示所述终端设备的覆盖范围等级对应的接入资源间隔周期。
第四方面，提供了一种终端设备，所述终端设备包括收发器、处理器，其中：
所述收发器，用于向所属的小区发送通信消息；
所述处理器，用于如果所述收发器在发送通信消息后的预设时长内未接收到所述小区发送的响应消息，或者，所述收发器接收到所述小区发送的携带有退避传输标识的响应消息，则获取退避参数，并根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的基本退避时隙确定退避时长；
所述收发器，用于在所述退避时长之后再次向所述小区发送接入请求。
结合第四方面，在该第四方面的第一种可能实现方式中，所述终端设备还包括存储器，所述处理器，还用于：
根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的基本退避时隙确定退避时长之前，根据所述存储器预先存储的各信道与基本退避时隙的对应关系，确定待使用的第一信道对应的基本退避时隙；
其中，所述基本退避时隙，指示所述终端设备进行退避时的最小时长单位。
结合第四方面或第四方面的第一种可能实现方式，在该第四方面的第二种可能实现方式中，所述处理器，具体用于：
Backoff_Time＝[0,CW_CH]*基本退避时隙
其中，Backoff_Time表示退避时长，[0,CW_CH]中选取的任一数值为退避参数，基本退避时隙表示待使用的第一信道对应的基本退避时隙。
第五方面，提供了一种终端设备，所述终端设备包括：
收发模块，具体可由收发器实现，用于向所属的小区发送接入请求；
监听模块，具体可由处理器实现，用于监听下行控制信道，根据下行控制信道中的调度信息控制所述收发模块接收接入响应消息；
确定模块，具体可由处理器实现，用于如果所述接入响应消息中携带退避接入标识，则根据所述存储器预先存储的退避接入标识与退避参数的对应关系，确定所述接入响应消息中的退避接入标识对应的退避参数；
所述确定模块，具体可由处理器实现，还用于根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的接入资源间隔周期确定退避时长；
所述收发模块，具体可由收发器实现，还用于在所述退避时长之后再次向所述小区发送接入请求。
结合第五方面，在该第五方面的第一种可能实现方式中，所述确定模块，还用于：
在根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的接入资源间隔周期确定退避时长之前，根据所述小区对所述终端设备的覆盖程度，确定所述终端设备的覆盖范围等级，并确定所述终端设备的覆盖范围等级对应的所述小区接入信道上的接入资源间隔周期；
其中，所述接入资源间隔周期，指示所述终端设备在所述接入信道上发送两次接入请求可用的接入资源在时间上的最小间隔；
覆盖范围等级与接入资源间隔周期的对应关系信息，包含在所述小区中指示物理信道资源配置的系统消息当中，由所述小区发送给所述终端设备。
结合第五方面或第五方面的第一种可能实现方式，在该第五方面的第二种可能实现方式中，所述确定模块，具体用于：
Backoff_Time＝[0,Backoff_Value]*PeriodCEL
其中，Backoff_Time表示退避时长，[0,Backoff_Value]中选取的任一数值为退避参数，PeriodCEL表示所述终端设备的覆盖范围等级对应的接入资源间隔周期。
第六方面，提供了一种终端设备，所述终端设备包括：
收发模块，具体可由收发器实现，用于向所属的小区发送通信消息；
确定模块，具体可由处理器实现，用于如果所述收发模块在发送通信消息后的预设时长内未接收到所述小区发送的响应消息，或者，所述收发器接收到所述小区发送的携带有退避传输标识的响应消息，则获取退避参数，并根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的基本退避时隙确定退避时长；
所述收发模块，具体可由收发器实现，还用于在所述退避时长之后再次向所述小区发送接入请求。
结合第六方面，在该第六方面的第一种可能实现方式中，所述确定模块，还用于：
根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的基本退避时隙确定退避时长之前，根据所述存储器预先存储的各信道与基本退避时隙的对应关系，确定待使用的第一信道对应的基本退避时隙；
其中，所述基本退避时隙，指示所述终端设备进行退避时的最小时长单位。
结合第六方面或第六方面的第一种可能实现方式，在该第六方面的第二种可能实现方式中，所述确定模块，具体用于：
Backoff_Time＝[0,CW_CH]*基本退避时隙
其中，Backoff_Time表示退避时长，[0,CW_CH]中选取的任一数值为退避参数，基本退避时隙表示待使用的第一信道对应的基本退避时隙。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案带来的有益效果是：
本发明实施例中，终端设备向所属的小区发送接入请求，终端设备监听下行控制信道，根据下行控制信道中的调度信息接收接入响应消息，如果接入响 应消息中携带退避接入标识，则终端设备根据预先存储的退避接入标识与退避参数的对应关系，确定接入响应消息中的退避接入标识对应的退避参数，终端设备根据退避参数和终端设备对应的接入资源间隔周期确定退避时长，终端设备在退避时长之后再次向小区发送接入请求，这样，可以根据终端设备对应的接入资源间隔周期，来确定退避时长，可以有效的控制各终端的退避接入，从而可以提高负载控制的灵活性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明实施例提供的一种系统框架图；
图2是本发明实施例提供的一种发送通信消息的方法流程图；
图3是本发明实施例提供的一种终端设备的结构示意图；
图4是本发明实施例提供的一种发送通信消息的方法流程图；
图5是本发明实施例提供的一种发送通信消息的方法流程图；
图6是本发明实施例提供的一种信道示意图；
图7是本发明实施例提供的一种信道示意图；
图8是本发明实施例提供的一种终端设备的结构示意图；
图9是本发明实施例提供的一种终端设备的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
图1示出了本申请提供的无线通信系统，该无线通信系统的架构适用于本申请各实施例。本实施例所提供的方法可以应用于无线通信系统中的授权频谱中，如NB-IoT系统，如图2所示，为本发明实施例提供的系统框架图，其中，该无线通信系统可以包括：网络设备101以及至少一个终端设备102。NB-IoT系统可以广泛应用于多个领域，包括智能交通、楼控系统、家庭智能控制系统、视频监控系统、工业监测等。如图2所示，其中的冰箱、电表、汽车等均可作 为NB-IoT系统中的终端设备102，通过基站、传输网络等(可作为NB-IoT系统中的网络设备101)与其他终端设备进行通信，比如：电表与汽车之间的通信等。
网络设备101可包括基站，或用于控制基站的无线资源管理设备，或包括基站和用于控制基站的无线资源管理设备；其中基站可为宏站或小站，比如：小小区(small cell)、微小区(pico cell)等，基站也可为家庭基站，比如：HNB(Home NodeB，家庭节点B)、HeNB(Home eNodeB，家庭演进节点B)等，基站也可包括中继节点(relay)等。
比如：对于TDD LTE、FDD LTE或LTE-A等LTE系统，本发明实施例提供的无线通信系统中的网络设备101可为eNodeB(evolved NodeB，演进节点B)，终端设备102可为UE；对于TD-SCDMA系统或WCDMA系统，本发明实施例提供的无线通信系统中的网络设备101可包括：NodeB(节点B)和/或RNC(Radio Network Controller，无线网络控制器),终端设备102可为UE；对于GSM系统，本发明实施例提供的中的网络设备101可包括BTS(Base Transceiver Station，基站收发台)和/或BSC(Base Station Controller，基站控制器)；终端设备102为MS(Mobile Station，移动台)；对于WiFi系统，网络设备101可包括：AP(Access Point，接入点)和/或AC(Access Controller，接入控制器)，终端设备102可为STA(STAtion，站点)。
本实施例提供的无线通信系统的通信制式包括但不限于：GSM(Global System of Mobile communication，全球移动通信系统)、CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access，码分多址)IS-95、CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access，码分多址)2000、TD-SCDMA(Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access，时分同步码分多址)、WCDMA(Wideband Code Division Multiple Access，宽带码分多址)、TDD LTE(Time Division Duplexing-Long Term Evolution，时分双工-长期演进)、FDD LTE(Frequency Division Duplexing-Long Term Evolution，频分双工-长期演进)、LTE-advanced(Long Term Evolution-Advanced，长期演进-增强)、PHS(Personal Handy-phone System，个人手持电话系统)、WiFi(Wireless Fidelity，802.11系列协议规定的无线保真)、WiMAX(Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access，全球微波互联接入)，以及未来演进的各种无线通信系统。
其中，终端设备102可以是无线终端，无线终端可以是指向用户提供语音 和/或数据连通性的设备，具有无线连接功能的手持式设备、或连接到无线调制解调器的其他处理设备。无线终端可以经无线接入网(例如，RAN，Radio Access Network)与一个或多个核心网进行通信，无线终端可以是移动终端，如移动电话(或称为“蜂窝”电话)和具有移动终端的计算机，例如，可以是便携式、袖珍式、手持式、计算机内置的或者车载的移动装置，它们与无线接入网交换语言和/或数据。例如，个人通信业务(PCS，Personal Communication Service)电话、无绳电话、会话发起协议(SIP)话机、无线本地环路(WLL，Wireless Local Loop)站、个人数字助理(PDA，Personal Digital Assistant)等设备。无线终端也可以称为订户单元(Subscriber Unit)、订户站(Subscriber Station)，移动站(Mobile Station)、移动台(Mobile)、远程站(Remote Station)、接入点(Access Point)、远程终端(Remote Terminal)、接入终端(Access Terminal)、用户终端(User Terminal)、用户代理(User Agent)、用户设备(User Device)、或用户装备(User Equipment)。
该网络设备101在一个小区(如某蜂窝小区)内发送系统消息，系统消息中可以包括覆盖范围等级与接入资源间隔周期的对应关系信息，至少一个终端设备102可以接收网络设备101发送的系统消息。
除此之外，至少一个终端设备102可以向网络设备101发送的接入请求，网络设备101针对这些接入请求，向至少一个终端设备102发送接入响应消息，接入响应消息中可以携带允许接入标识或退避接入标识。
图3显示了本发明实施例提供的终端设备102的结构示意图，该终端设备102可以包括收发器310、处理器320和存储器330，收发器310和存储器330可以分别与处理器320连接，如图3所示。收发器310可以用于收发消息或数据，收发器310可以包括但不限于天线、至少一个放大器、调谐器、一个或多个振荡器、耦合器、LNA(Low Noise Amplifier，低噪声放大器)、双工器等。处理器320可以是终端设备102的控制中心，利用各种接口和线路连接整个服务器的各个部分，通过运行或执行存储在存储器330内的软件程序和/或模块，以及调用存储在存储器330内的数据，执行服务器的各种功能和处理数据，从而对终端设备102进行整体监控。处理器320可以包括一个或多个处理单元；处理器320可以是通用处理器，包括中央处理器(Central Processing Unit，简称CPU)、网络处理器(Network Processor，简称NP)等；还可以是数字信号处理器(DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或者其 他可编程逻辑器件等。存储器330可以用于存储程序。具体地，程序可以包括程序代码，程序代码包括计算机操作指令。存储器330可能包含RAM，也可能还包括非易失性存储器(non-volatile memory)，例如至少一个磁盘存储器。处理器320执行存储器330中存储的程序代码，以实现各种功能。
本实施例中，通信消息包括数据、序列信号等任意可以传输的信号，通信消息可以是接入探针信号Preamble。
如图4所示，本实施例提供的发送通信消息的流程可以包括如下步骤：
S401：网络设备101在小区内发送指示物理信道资源配置的系统消息，和资源配置相关的系统消息中携带覆盖范围等级与小区接入信道上接入资源间隔周期的对应关系信息，该对应关系信息与确定退避时长有关。
其中，资源间隔周期可以是终端设备102发送接入请求的发送周期。
在实施中，系统消息可以以广播的形式进行发送，终端设备102接收到该对应关系信息后，可以对该对应关系信息进行存储，以便进行后续处理。
S402：终端设备102收到该指示物理信道资源配置的系统消息后，获取该系统消息中覆盖范围等级与接入资源间隔周期之间的对应关系信息。终端设备102根据小区对终端设备102的覆盖程度，确定覆盖范围等级，并根据该对应关系信息确定接入资源间隔周期。
S403：终端设备102在接入信道上发送接入请求。
S404：网络设备101收到终端设备102在接入信道上发送的接入请求后，在下行控制信道上向终端设备102发送接入响应消息的调度信息，并依据该调度信息向终端设备102发送接入响应消息，其中，接入响应消息中包含退避接入标识。
S405：终端设备102收到该接入响应消息后，获取接入响应消息中的退避接入标识。终端设备102根据该退避接入标识确定退避参数，并进一步根据该退避参数和接入资源间隔周期确定退避时长。
在实施中，终端设备102中可以预先存储退避接入标识与退避参数的对应关系，该对应关系可以以对应关系表的形式进行存储，该对应关系表可以如下：
Figure PCTCN2016078402-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2016078402-appb-000002
其中，BI可以为退避接入标识，X0、X1….可以为退避接入标识对应的退避参数。该退避参数可以为接入资源间隔周期的倍数。例如，X1可以表示接入资源间隔周期的倍数为1，X8可以表示接入资源间隔周期的倍数为8。终端设备102可以用退避参数乘以终端设备102对应的资源间隔周期，得到终端设备102的退避时长。具体的处理方式为：
根据公式(1)确定退避时长，且公式(1)为：
Backoff_Time＝[0,Backoff_Value]*PeriodCEL
其中，Backoff_Time表示退避时长，[0,Backoff_Value]中选取的任一数值为退避参数，PeriodCEL表示终端设备的覆盖范围等级对应的接入资源间隔周期。
S406：终端设备102在退避时长过后，在接入信道上发送接入请求。
在实施中，终端设备102可以在退避时长之后，且达到资源间隔周期时，在接入信道上发送接入请求。
在实现对终端设备102的退避控制时，同时根据网络设备101指示的退避接入标识和终端设备102的接入资源间隔周期确定退避时长，由于终端设备102的接入资源间隔周期和终端设备102的覆盖范围等级有关，这样，不同的 覆盖范围等级的终端设备102根据同样的退避接入标识得到的退避时长不同，从而避免了网络设备101不能对不同覆盖范围等级的终端设备102进行灵活地退避控制的问题。
下面，以LTE系统为例，上述发送通信消息的处理过程可以如下：
接入过程为LTE系统中的随机接入过程，终端使用接入信道为物理随机接入信道PRACH。
指示资源配置的系统消息为SIB2，由基站在小区中发送。基站通过SIB2，为不同覆盖范围等级的终端配置不同的PRACH资源参数，其中包括PRACH资源周期(即上述接入资源周期)。前述PRACH资源周期表示对于某一个覆盖范围等级的终端设备来说，两次可用的PRACH资源之间最小的时间间隔。
接入请求为接入探针信号Preamble，由终端在可用的PRACH资源上发往基站。探针信号Preamble是一个时域上的序列信号。
接入响应消息为随机接入响应协议数据单元(RAR PDU)，基站可以将针对多个终端设备的随机接入响应消息组合成一个RAR PDU进行发送。在发送RAR PDU时，基站现在PDCCH中发送RAR PDU的调度信息，再在PDSCH中的相应调度位置上，发送RAR PDU。其中，若基站因小区负载过大等原因，想要控制终端进行退避接入，可以通过RAR PDU来进行退避指示。
接入退避标识为BI，每一个BI的值对应一个退避参数。LTE系统中，退避参数的单位为毫秒，即绝对时间，本申请中使用的单位为前述PRACH周期。
其中，采用PRACH资源周期为单位进行退避的原因是，不同覆盖范围等级的终端，由于传输性能不同，基站为其配置的PRACH资源周期不同，使用PRACH周期为单位进行退避，则对于同样的BI指示，覆盖范围等级较高的终端退避的时间较长，覆盖范围等级较低的终端退避时长较短，可以达到对于不同覆盖范围等级终端进行灵活地退避控制的目的，避免使用绝对时间作为单位带来的部分退避参数对于部分覆盖范围等级的终端来说退避控制效果较差的问题。
另外，本实施例还提供了一种在PRACH中发送接入请求Preamble，通过BI，以及终端当前的覆盖范围等级对应的接入资源间隔周期，计算退避时长，从而进行退避处理的处理过程，该处理过程可以如下：
步骤一、基站在小区内发送SIB2，其中，SIB2包含基站为不同覆盖范围等级终端进行PRACH资源配置的相关参数，包括不同覆盖范围等级对应的 PRACH周期。
步骤二、基站收到SIB2后，获取其中关于PRACH资源配置的相关参数。终端根据小区对自身覆盖程度，确定自身覆盖范围等级，SIB2中相关PRACH配置参数，确定所在覆盖范围等级的PRACH周期。
步骤三、终端在PRACH上发送Preamble，指示基站需要进行随机接入。
步骤四、基站收到终端在PRACH上发送的Preamble后，在PDCCH上向终端发送RAR PDU的调度信息，并在PDSCH中相应的调度资源位置上，向终端发送RAR PDU，其中，RAR PDU中包含BI。
步骤五、终端收到RAR PDU后，获RAR PDU中的BI。终端根据BI确定退避参数，并进一步根据该退避参数和接入资源间隔周期确定退避时长：
根据公式(1)确定退避时长，且公式(1)为：
Backoff_Time＝[0,Backoff_Value]*PeriodCEL
其中，Backoff_Time表示退避时长，[0,Backoff_Value]中选取的任一数值为退避参数，PeriodCEL表示终端所在覆盖范围等级对应的PRACH周期。
步骤六、终端在退避时长过后，在PRACH上重新发送Preamble，请求接入小区。
需要说明的是，上述过程可以实现支持多个覆盖范围等级的网络或小区中，基站对于不同的覆盖范围等级的终端进行灵活地退避控制，但实施例也可适用于只支持单一普通覆盖范围等级的网络和小区，提供了另一种接入优化方法，结合接入资源周期进行退避控制，可以有效地适应终端设备接入过程中的传输性能。
本发明实施例中，终端设备向所属的小区发送接入请求，终端设备监听下行控制信道，根据下行控制信道中的调度信息接收接入响应消息，如果接入响应消息中携带退避接入标识，则终端设备根据预先存储的退避接入标识与退避参数的对应关系，确定接入响应消息中的退避接入标识对应的退避参数，终端设备根据退避参数和终端设备对应的接入资源间隔周期确定退避时长，终端设备在退避时长之后再次向小区发送接入请求，这样，可以根据终端设备对应的接入资源间隔周期，来确定退避时长，可以有效的控制各终端的退避接入，从而可以提高负载控制的灵活性。
本实施例还提供了一种发送通信消息的方法，该方法可以应用于上述无线 通信系统中的非授权频谱中，该系统可以参数上述说明。请参见图1，是本发明实施例提供的一种发送通信消息的系统框架图。本实施例以终端设备与基站之间的信息传输为例进行说明，其他情况与之类似，不再赘述。如图5所示，该方法的具体处理过程可以如下：
S501，基站发送系统消息。
其中，基站可以向终端设备广播发送系统消息，该系统消息中可以携带有各信道与MCS的对应关系，以及每个信道上的退避参数，该退避参数可以为基本退避时隙的倍数。另外该系统消息中还可以包括各MCS对应的基本退避时隙，以及每个数据的重传次数等。或者，系统消息中也可以携带覆盖范围等级与基本退避时隙的对应关系。
每个信道可以对应一个MCS，也可以对应多个MCS。
S502，终端设备102接收系统消息，并获取各信道与MCS的对应关系，以及信道上的退避参数等信息，然后可以进行存储。
终端设备102根据自身选择的MCS决定在对应的信道上传输数据。
S503，终端设备102向基站发送通信消息。
该通信消息可以是接入请求，也可以是数据传输请求。
S504，基站没有成功解码终端设备102传输的数据，反馈NACK消息，或者，如果基站由于负载过重，或者，如果基站由于故障或负载过压力过重，也可以不向终端设备102发送消息。
S505，如果终端设备在发送通信消息后的预设时长内未接收到小区发送的响应消息，或者，终端设备接收到小区发送的携带有退避传输标识的响应消息，则终端设备获取退避参数，并根据退避参数和终端设备对应的基本退避时隙确定退避时长。
在实施中，如果终端设备在发送通信消息后的预设时长内未接收到小区发送的响应消息，或者，终端设备接收到小区发送的携带有退避传输标识的响应消息，则终端可以判定需要进行退避处理。终端设备102根据预先存储的各信道与基本退避时隙的对应关系，确定待使用的第一信道对应的基本退避时隙。对于任一信道，如果该信道对应一个MCS，则将该MCS的基本退避时隙作为该信道对应的基本退避时隙；如果该信道对应多个MCS，则可以将多个MCS对应的基本退避时隙中，最大的基本退避时隙作为该信道对应的基本退避时隙。
其中，基本退避时隙是指示终端设备102进行退避时的最小时长单位。
另外，终端设备102还可以存储退避窗口，该退避窗口也可称为竞争窗口。退避窗口可以是一个数值范围，该数值范围中所包含的数值可以作为退避参数，退避参数可以是基本退避时隙的倍数。终端设备102可以产生一个不大于退避窗口的正整数N，退避窗口可以等于退避的初始窗口，也可以等于退避初始窗口与数据包已发送次数的乘积。不同MCS或不同覆盖范围等级对应的退避初始窗口可以相同，也可以不同，对于覆盖范围等级对应的退避初始窗口不同的情况，上述系统消息中可以携带覆盖范围等级与退避初始窗口的对应关系。终端设备102可以在退避窗口中，随机选取一个数值，作为退避参数，退避时长的计算方式可以如下：
Backoff_Time＝[0,CW_CH]*基本退避时隙
其中，Backoff_Time表示退避时长，[0,CW_CH]中选取的任一数值为退避参数，基本退避时隙表示待使用的第一信道对应的基本退避时隙。
对于由频域来区分的信道，基本退避时隙的长度可以为一个典型数据包的传输时长所占的整基本时隙数。假设物理层帧结构中基本时隙长度是5ms，该覆盖范围等级或者MCS下物理层的速率为100bps，典型数据包长度为100bytes，在FDD系统中，基本退避时隙的长度可以计算为：100*8/100 *5ms＝40ms。在TDD系统中，退避时要把2个上行退避基本时隙之间的下行时隙的长度考虑进去。参见图6，是一种MCS与信道的映射关系示意图。其中，不同信道占用的频域资源不同。信道上的退避的基本退避时隙等于经典包长除以物理层速率或者是一个典型物理PDU(protocol data unit，物理层)大小。对于信道1、2、3，退避的基本时间单位分别为T1、T2、T3。
对于由时域来区分的信道，基本退避时隙可以是时域上每个覆盖范围等级或MCS所对应信道的出现周期。参见图7，是一种MCS与信道的映射关系示意图，其中，每个MCS对应不同的信道。不同信道占用的时域资源不同。信道上的退避的基本时间单位等于信道出现的周期，即相邻两个信道的时间间隔。对于信道1、2、3，退避的基本时间单位分别为T1、T2、T3。
终端设备102计算出退避时长后，可以启动计时器。
S506，计时器达到退避时长，当达到该退避时长之后，终端设备102发送数据。
在现有技术中，终端设备如果判定需要进行退避处理，则可以获取预先存 储的退避参数和基本退避时隙，然后用退避参数乘以基本退避时隙，得到退避时长。由于现有技术中，不同终端设备的基本退避时隙都是一样的，所以，不同终端设备计算出的退避时长很可能出现一样的情况，这样容易导致数据包发送时相互重叠，或者容易产生资源浪费的情况。
而本发明实施例中，终端设备向所属的小区发送通信消息，如果终端设备在发送通信消息后的预设时长内未接收到小区发送的响应消息，或者，终端设备接收到小区发送的携带有退避传输标识的响应消息，则终端设备获取退避参数，并根据退避参数和终端设备对应的基本退避时隙确定退避时长，终端设备在退避时长之后再次向小区发送接入请求，这样，可以根据终端设备对应的基本退避时隙，来确定退避时长，可以有效的避免终端设备的退避时长一样的情况，从而可以避免数据包发送时出现相互重叠，或者容易产生资源浪费的情况。
基于相同的技术构思，本发明实施例还提供了一种终端设备，如图3所示，本实施例提供的终端设备可以实现本发明图4所示实施例的流程，该终端设备包括收发器310、处理器320和存储器330，其中：
收发器310，用于向所属的小区发送接入请求；
处理器320，用于监听下行控制信道，根据下行控制信道中的调度信息控制收发器310接收接入响应消息；
处理器320，用于如果接入响应消息中携带退避接入标识，则根据存储器330预先存储的退避接入标识与退避参数的对应关系，确定接入响应消息中的退避接入标识对应的退避参数；
处理器320，用于根据退避参数和终端设备对应的接入资源间隔周期确定退避时长；
收发器310，用于在退避时长之后再次向小区发送接入请求。
其中，资源间隔周期可以指示所述终端设备在所述接入信道上发送两次接入请求可用的接入资源在时间上的最小间隔，即终端设备发送接入请求的发送周期，退避参数可以为接入资源间隔周期的倍数。
收发器310可以用于向所属的小区发送接入请求，存储器330可以预先存储的退避接入标识与退避参数的对应关系，处理器320可以在该对应关系中查找接收到的退避接入标识对应的退避参数，然后可以用退避参数乘以终端设备对应的资源间隔周期，得到终端设备的退避时长。
可选的，处理器320，还用于：
在根据退避参数和终端设备对应的接入资源间隔周期确定退避时长之前，根据小区对终端设备的覆盖程度，确定终端设备的覆盖范围等级，并确定终端设备的覆盖范围等级对应的小区接入信道上的接入资源间隔周期；
其中，接入资源间隔周期，指示终端设备在接入信道上发送两次接入请求可用的接入资源在时间上的最小间隔；
覆盖范围等级与接入资源间隔周期的对应关系信息，包含在小区中指示物理信道资源配置的系统消息当中，由小区发送给终端设备。
小区(如某蜂窝小区)可以向终端设备广播发送指示物理信道资源配置的系统消息，该系统消息中可以携带有覆盖范围等级与接入资源间隔周期的对应关系信息。处理器320可以检测所属的小区对终端设备的覆盖程度，根据该覆盖程度确定终端设备的覆盖范围等级，并在上述对应关系中，查找终端设备的覆盖范围等级对应的接入资源间隔周期。
可选的，处理器320，具体用于：
Backoff_Time＝[0,Backoff_Value]*PeriodCEL
其中，Backoff_Time表示退避时长，[0,Backoff_Value]中选取的任一数值为退避参数，PeriodCEL表示终端设备的覆盖范围等级对应的接入资源间隔周期。
本发明实施例中，终端设备向所属的小区发送接入请求，终端设备监听下行控制信道，根据下行控制信道中的调度信息接收接入响应消息，如果接入响应消息中携带退避接入标识，则终端设备根据预先存储的退避接入标识与退避参数的对应关系，确定接入响应消息中的退避接入标识对应的退避参数，终端设备根据退避参数和终端设备对应的接入资源间隔周期确定退避时长，终端设备在退避时长之后再次向小区发送接入请求，这样，可以根据终端设备对应的接入资源间隔周期，来确定退避时长，可以有效的控制各终端的退避接入，从而可以提高负载控制的灵活性。
基于相同的技术构思，本发明实施例还提供了一种终端设备，如图3所示，本实施例提供的终端设备可以实现本发明图4所示实施例的流程，该终端设备包括收发器310、处理器320，其中：
所述收发器310，用于向所属的小区发送通信消息；
所述处理器320，用于如果所述收发器310在发送通信消息后的预设时长内未接收到所述小区发送的响应消息，或者，所述收发器310接收到所述小区发送的携带有退避传输标识的响应消息，则获取退避参数，并根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的基本退避时隙确定退避时长；
所述收发器310，用于在所述退避时长之后再次向所述小区发送接入请求。
退避参数可以是基本退避时隙的倍数。存储器330可以存储退避窗口，该退避窗口也可称为竞争窗口。退避窗口可以是一个数值范围，该数值范围中所包含的数值可以作为退避参数，退避参数可以是基本退避时隙的倍数。终端设备可以产生一个不大于退避窗口的正整数N，所述退避窗口可以等所述退避的初始窗口，也可以等于所述退避初始窗口与数据包已发送次数的乘积。不同MCS或不同覆盖范围等级对应的退避初始窗口可以相同，也可以不同，对于覆盖范围等级对应的退避初始窗口不同的情况，上述系统消息中可以携带覆盖范围等级与退避初始窗口的对应关系。处理器320可以在退避窗口中，随机选取一个数值，作为退避参数。
可选的，所述终端设备还包括存储器330，所述处理器320，还用于：
根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的基本退避时隙确定退避时长之前，根据所述存储器330预先存储的各信道与基本退避时隙的对应关系，确定待使用的第一信道对应的基本退避时隙；
其中，所述基本退避时隙，指示所述终端设备进行退避时的最小时长单位。
其中，所述基本退避时隙，指示所述终端设备进行退避时的最小时长单位。
基站可以向终端设备广播发送系统消息，该系统消息中可以携带有各信道与MCS的对应关系，以及每个信道上的退避参数，该退避参数可以为基本退避时隙的倍数。另外该系统消息中还可以包括各MCS对应的基本退避时隙，以及每个数据的重传次数等。或者，系统消息中也可以携带覆盖范围等级与基本退避时隙的对应关系，处理器320可以确定自身对应的覆盖范围等级，将该覆盖范围等对应的基本退避时隙，作为该终端设备的基本退避时隙。
对于任一信道，如果该信道对应一个MCS，则处理器320可以将该MCS的基本退避时隙作为该信道对应的基本退避时隙；如果该信道对应多个MCS，则处理器320可以将多个MCS对应的基本退避时隙中，最大的基本退避时隙作为该信道对应的基本退避时隙。
可选的，所述处理器320，具体用于：
Backoff_Time＝[0,CW_CH]*基本退避时隙
其中，Backoff_Time表示退避时长，[0,CW_CH]中选取的任一数值为退避参数，，基本退避时隙表示待使用的第一信道对应的基本退避时隙。
在现有技术中，终端设备如果判定需要进行退避处理，则可以获取预先存储的退避参数和基本退避时隙，然后用退避参数乘以基本退避时隙，得到退避时长。由于现有技术中，不同终端设备的基本退避时隙都是一样的，所以，不同终端设备计算出的退避时长很可能出现一样的情况，这样容易导致数据包发送时相互重叠，或者容易产生资源浪费的情况。
而本发明实施例中，终端设备向所属的小区发送通信消息，如果所述终端设备在发送通信消息后的预设时长内未接收到所述小区发送的响应消息，或者，所述终端设备接收到所述小区发送的携带有退避传输标识的响应消息，则所述终端设备获取退避参数，并根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的基本退避时隙确定退避时长，所述终端设备在所述退避时长之后再次向所述小区发送接入请求，这样，可以根据终端设备对应的基本退避时隙，来确定退避时长，可以有效的避免终端设备的退避时长一样的情况，从而可以避免数据包发送时出现相互重叠，或者容易产生资源浪费的情况。
基于相同的技术构思，本发明实施例还提供了一种终端设备，如图8所示，本实施例提供的终端设备可以实现本发明图4所示实施例的流程，所述终端设备包括：
收发模块810，用于向所属的小区发送接入请求；
监听模块820，用于监听下行控制信道，根据下行控制信道中的调度信息控制所述收发模块接收接入响应消息；
确定模块830，用于如果所述接入响应消息中携带退避接入标识，则根据所述存储器预先存储的退避接入标识与退避参数的对应关系，确定所述接入响应消息中的退避接入标识对应的退避参数；
所述确定模块830，还用于根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的接入资源间隔周期确定退避时长；
所述收发模块810，还用于在所述退避时长之后再次向所述小区发送接入请求。
其中，资源间隔周期可以指示所述终端设备在所述接入信道上发送两次接 入请求可用的接入资源在时间上的最小间隔，即终端设备发送接入请求的发送周期，退避参数可以为接入资源间隔周期的倍数。
确定模块830可以在预先存储的退避接入标识与退避参数的对应关系中，查找接收到的退避接入标识对应的退避参数，然后可以用退避参数乘以终端设备对应的资源间隔周期，得到终端设备的退避时长。收发模块810可以通过上述收发310来实现，监听模块820和确定模块830可以通过上述处理器320和存储器330实现。
可选的，所述确定模块830，还用于：
在根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的接入资源间隔周期确定退避时长之前，根据所述小区对所述终端设备的覆盖程度，确定所述终端设备的覆盖范围等级，并确定所述终端设备的覆盖范围等级对应的所述小区接入信道上的接入资源间隔周期；
其中，所述接入资源间隔周期，指示所述终端设备在所述接入信道上发送两次接入请求可用的接入资源在时间上的最小间隔；
覆盖范围等级与接入资源间隔周期的对应关系信息，包含在所述小区中指示物理信道资源配置的系统消息当中，由所述小区发送给所述终端设备。
小区(如某蜂窝小区)可以向终端设备广播发送指示物理信道资源配置的系统消息，该系统消息中可以携带有覆盖范围等级与接入资源间隔周期的对应关系信息。确定模块830可以检测所属的小区对终端设备的覆盖程度，根据该覆盖程度确定终端设备的覆盖范围等级，并在上述对应关系中，查找终端设备的覆盖范围等级对应的接入资源间隔周期。
可选的，所述确定模块830，具体用于：
Backoff_Time＝[0,Backoff_Value]*PeriodCEL
其中，Backoff_Time表示退避时长，[0,Backoff_Value]中选取的任一数值为退避参数，PeriodCEL表示所述终端设备的覆盖范围等级对应的接入资源间隔周期。
本发明实施例中，终端设备向所属的小区发送接入请求，终端设备监听下行控制信道，根据下行控制信道中的调度信息接收接入响应消息，如果接入响应消息中携带退避接入标识，则终端设备根据预先存储的退避接入标识与退避参数的对应关系，确定接入响应消息中的退避接入标识对应的退避参数，终端设备根据退避参数和终端设备对应的接入资源间隔周期确定退避时长，终端设 备在退避时长之后再次向小区发送接入请求，这样，可以根据终端设备对应的接入资源间隔周期，来确定退避时长，可以有效的控制各终端的退避接入，从而可以提高负载控制的灵活性。
基于相同的技术构思，本发明实施例还提供了一种终端设备，如图9所示，本实施例提供的终端设备可以实现本发明图4所示实施例的流程，所述终端设备包括：
收发模块910，用于向所属的小区发送通信消息；
确定模块920，用于如果所述收发模块在发送通信消息后的预设时长内未接收到所述小区发送的响应消息，或者，所述收发器接收到所述小区发送的携带有退避传输标识的响应消息，则获取退避参数，并根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的基本退避时隙确定退避时长；
所述收发模块910，还用于在所述退避时长之后再次向所述小区发送接入请求。
其中，基本退避时隙，指示终端设备进行退避时的最小时长单位。对于由频域来区分的信道，基本退避时隙的长度可以为一个典型数据包的传输时长所占的整基本时隙数。对于由时域来区分的信道，基本退避时隙可以是时域上每个覆盖范围等级或MCS所对应信道的出现周期。
退避参数可以是基本退避时隙的倍数。终端设备可以存储退避窗口，该退避窗口也可称为竞争窗口。退避窗口可以是一个数值范围，该数值范围中所包含的数值可以作为退避参数，退避参数可以是基本退避时隙的倍数。终端设备可以产生一个不大于退避窗口的正整数N，所述退避窗口可以等于所述退避的初始窗口，也可以等于所述退避初始窗口与数据包已发送次数的乘积。不同MCS或不同覆盖范围等级对应的退避初始窗口可以相同，也可以不同，对于覆盖范围等级对应的退避初始窗口不同的情况，上述系统消息中可以携带覆盖范围等级与退避初始窗口的对应关系。确定模块910可以在退避窗口中，随机选取一个数值，作为退避参数。收发模块910可以通过上述收发器310实现，确定模块920可以通过上述处理器320和存储器330实现。
可选的，所述确定模块920，还用于：
根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的基本退避时隙确定退避时长之前，根据所述存储器预先存储的各信道与基本退避时隙的对应关系，确定待使 用的第一信道对应的基本退避时隙；
其中，所述基本退避时隙，指示所述终端设备进行退避时的最小时长单位。
基站可以向终端设备广播发送系统消息，该系统消息中可以携带有各信道与MCS的对应关系，以及每个信道上的退避参数，该退避参数可以为基本退避时隙的倍数。另外该系统消息中还可以包括各MCS对应的基本退避时隙，以及每个数据的重传次数等。或者，系统消息中也可以携带覆盖范围等级与基本退避时隙的对应关系，确定模块920可以确定自身对应的覆盖范围等级，将该覆盖范围等对应的基本退避时隙，作为该终端设备的基本退避时隙。
对于任一信道，如果该信道对应一个MCS，则确定模块920将该MCS的基本退避时隙作为该信道对应的基本退避时隙；如果该信道对应多个MCS，则确定模块920可以将多个MCS对应的基本退避时隙中，最大的基本退避时隙作为该信道对应的基本退避时隙。
可选的，所述确定模块920，具体用于：
Backoff_Time＝[0,CW_CH]*基本退避时隙
其中，Backoff_Time表示退避时长，[0,CW_CH]中选取的任一数值为退避参数，基本退避时隙表示待使用的第一信道对应的基本退避时隙。
在现有技术中，终端设备如果判定需要进行退避处理，则可以获取预先存储的退避参数和基本退避时隙，然后用退避参数乘以基本退避时隙，得到退避时长。由于现有技术中，不同终端设备的基本退避时隙都是一样的，所以，不同终端设备计算出的退避时长很可能出现一样的情况，这样容易导致数据包发送时相互重叠，或者容易产生资源浪费的情况。
而本发明实施例中，终端设备向所属的小区发送通信消息，如果所述终端设备在发送通信消息后的预设时长内未接收到所述小区发送的响应消息，或者，所述终端设备接收到所述小区发送的携带有退避传输标识的响应消息，则所述终端设备获取退避参数，并根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的基本退避时隙确定退避时长，所述终端设备在所述退避时长之后再次向所述小区发送接入请求，这样，可以根据终端设备对应的基本退避时隙，来确定退避时长，可以有效的避免终端设备的退避时长一样的情况，从而可以避免数据包发送时出现相互重叠，或者容易产生资源浪费的情况。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通 过硬件来完成，也可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成，所述的程序可以存储于一种计算机可读存储介质中，上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器，磁盘或光盘等。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种发送通信消息的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    终端设备向所属的小区发送接入请求；
    所述终端设备监听下行控制信道，根据所述下行控制信道中的调度信息接收接入响应消息；
    如果所述接入响应消息中携带退避接入标识，则所述终端设备根据预先存储的退避接入标识与退避参数的对应关系，确定所述接入响应消息中的退避接入标识对应的退避参数；
    所述终端设备根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的接入资源间隔周期确定退避时长；
    所述终端设备在所述退避时长之后再次向所述小区发送接入请求。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述终端设备根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的接入资源间隔周期确定退避时长之前，还包括：
    所述终端设备根据所述小区对所述终端设备的覆盖程度，确定所述终端设备的覆盖范围等级，并确定所述终端设备的覆盖范围等级对应的所述小区接入信道上的接入资源间隔周期；
    其中，所述接入资源间隔周期，指示所述终端设备在所述接入信道上发送两次接入请求可用的接入资源在时间上的最小间隔；
    覆盖范围等级与接入资源间隔周期的对应关系信息，包含在所述小区中指示物理信道资源配置的系统消息当中，由所述小区发送给所述终端设备。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述终端设备根据所述退避参数和所述接入资源间隔周期确定退避时长的具体方式为：
    Backoff_Time＝[0,Backoff_Value]*PeriodCEL
    其中，Backoff_Time表示退避时长，[0,Backoff_Value]中选取的任一数值为退避参数，PeriodCEL表示所述终端设备的覆盖范围等级对应的接入资源间隔周 期。
  4. 一种发送通信消息的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    终端设备向所属的小区发送通信消息；
    如果所述终端设备在发送通信消息后的预设时长内未接收到所述小区发送的响应消息，或者，所述终端设备接收到所述小区发送的携带有退避传输标识的响应消息，则所述终端设备获取退避参数，并根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的基本退避时隙确定退避时长；
    所述终端设备在所述退避时长之后再次向所述小区发送接入请求。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的基本退避时隙确定退避时长之前，还包括：
    所述终端设备根据预先存储的各信道与基本退避时隙的对应关系，确定待使用的第一信道对应的基本退避时隙；
    其中，所述基本退避时隙，指示所述终端设备进行退避时的最小时长单位。
  6. 如权利要求4或5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的基本退避时隙确定退避时长的具体方式为：
    Backoff_Time＝[0,CW_CH]*基本退避时隙
    其中，Backoff_Time表示退避时长，[0,CW_CH]中选取的任一数值为退避参数，，基本退避时隙表示待使用的第一信道对应的基本退避时隙。
  7. 一种终端设备，其特征在于，所述终端设备包括收发器、处理器和存储器，其中：
    所述收发器，用于向所属的小区发送接入请求；
    所述处理器，用于监听下行控制信道，根据所述下行控制信道中的调度信息控制所述收发器接收接入响应消息；
    所述处理器，用于如果所述接入响应消息中携带退避接入标识，则根据所 述存储器预先存储的退避接入标识与退避参数的对应关系，确定所述接入响应消息中的退避接入标识对应的退避参数；
    所述处理器，用于根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的接入资源间隔周期确定退避时长；
    所述收发器，用于在所述退避时长之后再次向所述小区发送接入请求。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的终端设备，其特征在于，所述处理器，还用于：
    在根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的接入资源间隔周期确定退避时长之前，根据所述小区对所述终端设备的覆盖程度，确定所述终端设备的覆盖范围等级，并确定所述终端设备的覆盖范围等级对应的所述小区接入信道上的接入资源间隔周期；
    其中，所述接入资源间隔周期，指示所述终端设备在所述接入信道上发送两次接入请求可用的接入资源在时间上的最小间隔；
    覆盖范围等级与接入资源间隔周期的对应关系信息，包含在所述小区中指示物理信道资源配置的系统消息当中，由所述小区发送给所述终端设备。
  9. 如权利要求7或8所述的终端设备，其特征在于，所述处理器，具体用于：
    Backoff_Time＝[0,Backoff_Value]*PeriodCEL
    其中，Backoff_Time表示退避时长，[0,Backoff_Value]中选取的任一数值为退避参数，PeriodCEL表示所述终端设备的覆盖范围等级对应的接入资源间隔周期。
  10. 一种终端设备，其特征在于，所述终端设备包括收发器、处理器，其中：
    所述收发器，用于向所属的小区发送通信消息；
    所述处理器，用于如果所述收发器在发送通信消息后的预设时长内未接收到所述小区发送的响应消息，或者，所述收发器接收到所述小区发送的携带有退避传输标识的响应消息，则获取退避参数，并根据所述退避参数和所述终端 设备对应的基本退避时隙确定退避时长；
    所述收发器，用于在所述退避时长之后再次向所述小区发送接入请求。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的终端设备，其特征在于，所述终端设备还包括存储器，所述处理器，还用于：
    根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的基本退避时隙确定退避时长之前，根据所述存储器预先存储的各信道与基本退避时隙的对应关系，确定待使用的第一信道对应的基本退避时隙；
    其中，所述基本退避时隙，指示所述终端设备进行退避时的最小时长单位。
  12. 如权利要求10或11所述的终端设备，其特征在于，所述处理器，具体用于：
    Backoff_Time＝[0,CW_CH]*基本退避时隙
    其中，Backoff_Time表示退避时长，[0,CW_CH]中选取的任一数值为退避参数，基本退避时隙表示待使用的第一信道对应的基本退避时隙。
  13. 一种终端设备，其特征在于，所述终端设备包括：
    收发模块，用于向所属的小区发送接入请求；
    监听模块，用于监听下行控制信道，根据所述下行控制信道中的调度信息控制所述收发模块接收接入响应消息；
    确定模块，用于如果所述接入响应消息中携带退避接入标识，则根据所述存储器预先存储的退避接入标识与退避参数的对应关系，确定所述接入响应消息中的退避接入标识对应的退避参数；
    所述确定模块，还用于根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的接入资源间隔周期确定退避时长；
    所述收发模块，还用于在所述退避时长之后再次向所述小区发送接入请求。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的终端设备，其特征在于，所述确定模块，还用于：
    在根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的接入资源间隔周期确定退避时 长之前，根据所述小区对所述终端设备的覆盖程度，确定所述终端设备的覆盖范围等级，并确定所述终端设备的覆盖范围等级对应的所述小区接入信道上的接入资源间隔周期；
    其中，所述接入资源间隔周期，指示所述终端设备在所述接入信道上发送两次接入请求可用的接入资源在时间上的最小间隔；
    覆盖范围等级与接入资源间隔周期的对应关系信息，包含在所述小区中指示物理信道资源配置的系统消息当中，由所述小区发送给所述终端设备。
  15. 如权利要求13或14所述的终端设备，其特征在于，所述确定模块，具体用于：
    Backoff_Time＝[0,Backoff_Value]*PeriodCEL
    其中，Backoff_Time表示退避时长，[0,Backoff_Value]中选取的任一数值为退避参数，PeriodCEL表示所述终端设备的覆盖范围等级对应的接入资源间隔周期。
  16. 一种终端设备，其特征在于，所述终端设备包括：
    收发模块，用于向所属的小区发送通信消息；
    确定模块，用于如果所述收发模块在发送通信消息后的预设时长内未接收到所述小区发送的响应消息，或者，所述收发器接收到所述小区发送的携带有退避传输标识的响应消息，则获取退避参数，并根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的基本退避时隙确定退避时长；
    所述收发模块，还用于在所述退避时长之后再次向所述小区发送接入请求。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的终端设备，其特征在于，所述确定模块，还用于：
    根据所述退避参数和所述终端设备对应的基本退避时隙确定退避时长之前，根据所述存储器预先存储的各信道与基本退避时隙的对应关系，确定待使用的第一信道对应的基本退避时隙；
    其中，所述基本退避时隙，指示所述终端设备进行退避时的最小时长单位。
  18. 如权利要求16或17所述的终端设备，其特征在于，所述确定模块，具体用于：
    Backoff_Time＝[0,CW_CH]*基本退避时隙
    其中，Backoff_Time表示退避时长，[0,CW_CH]中选取的任一数值为退避参数，基本退避时隙表示待使用的第一信道对应的基本退避时隙。
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