WO2017157092A1 - 高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉直接还原生产镍铁的方法 - Google Patents

高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉直接还原生产镍铁的方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2017157092A1
WO2017157092A1 PCT/CN2017/070599 CN2017070599W WO2017157092A1 WO 2017157092 A1 WO2017157092 A1 WO 2017157092A1 CN 2017070599 W CN2017070599 W CN 2017070599W WO 2017157092 A1 WO2017157092 A1 WO 2017157092A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
kiln
main
kiln body
auxiliary
bodies
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/070599
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李宾
Original Assignee
李宾
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 李宾 filed Critical 李宾
Publication of WO2017157092A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017157092A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
    • C22B23/023—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes with formation of ferro-nickel or ferro-cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
    • C21B11/06—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in rotary kilns
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/02—Roasting processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of non-ferrous metallurgy, and particularly relates to a method for directly reducing production of ferronickel by an efficient step-fork split-type rotary reduction furnace.
  • Laterite nickel ore accounts for more than 70% of the global nickel resources.
  • the storage capacity is much larger than that of sulfide ore. It has resource advantages.
  • Nickel consumption is increasingly used in various industries, especially in stainless steel production applications.
  • the use of stainless steel is becoming more and more extensive, and the proportion of ferronickel used in stainless steel production is increasing year by year.
  • the smelting of traditional ferronickel mainly includes blast furnace smelting, electric furnace reduction smelting and rotary kiln drying - rotary kiln reduction - electric furnace reduction smelting (RKEF process).
  • the above methods can produce nickel iron products of different grades.
  • blast furnace smelting and electric furnace reduction smelting have different problems of heavy pollution, high energy consumption and low resource utilization level.
  • the large-scale roasting reduction rotary kiln is one of the key equipments in the whole laterite nickel ore smelting process. After the ore is dried, it enters the rotary kiln. After heating to 800 °C in the rotary kiln, the surface moisture and crystal water of the ore are removed, and the ore is partially reduced. The iron, nickel and cobalt oxides are smelted into an electric furnace.
  • the main source of energy for smelting is coal, not expensive coke or electricity.
  • the high nickel-nickel iron produced is of high quality (including Ni10%-20%) and can be directly used as raw material for the production of stainless steel.
  • the biggest problem in the rotary kiln process is the problem of the ring in the smelting process.
  • the rotary kiln will be shut down for an average of half a month to one month (up to two months).
  • Production which has a great impact on the continuity of production, which seriously affects the production process.
  • the existing solutions are all efforts to optimize the reduction temperature, the ratio of the reducing agent, etc., and can only delay the ring formation process and can not be completely Solve the discontinuity of the production process caused by the rotary kiln ring (except for the cycle period of more than 15 days and seriously damage the rotary kiln refractory material), the problem of frequent shutdown maintenance.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for directly reducing the production of ferronickel by a high-efficiency step-and-segment rotary reduction furnace, which comprises a melting section which is easy to be looped and dried and prepaid in a drying, pre-reduction and smelting stage.
  • the original sections are separated, and the smelting section is set to two groups, one group is produced for the production group, and the other group is the standby group.
  • the standby group is converted into a production group for production, and
  • the original production group is converted into a spare group to perform the work of removing the loops, thereby achieving continuity of production.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an efficient step fork split type regenerative furnace for use in the above method.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • the invention provides a method for directly reducing production of ferronickel by an efficient step fork split type rotary reduction furnace, comprising the following process steps:
  • the laterite nickel ore wet ore is crushed to below 80mm, sent to a dryer for drying treatment, until the water content accounts for ⁇ 18wt% of the total weight of the laterite nickel ore, and then sieved to the laterite nickel ore with a particle size of less than 3mm. More than 80%;
  • the laterite nickel ore is blended into solid fuel, flux and electric dust ash for mixing, and pressed into balls.
  • the ball size is 10mm-20mm.
  • the main kiln of the reduction furnace is subjected to dry preheating and pre-reduction, and then the raw material is fed into one of the two auxiliary kiln bodies of the high-efficiency step-fork rotary kiln reduction furnace for high-temperature melting;
  • the water-quenched sinter is subjected to crushing, ball milling, cyclone grading, ball milling again, and part of the ferronickel powder is selected by the magnet, and then the sinter is sent to the ball mill for grinding, so that the particle size is -200 mesh.
  • the nickel-iron fine powder is selected by a magnetic separator for dehydration treatment, and the separated tailings slag is subjected to a dewatering filter dry reactor using a filter press;
  • the high temperature exhaust gas at the kiln tail is introduced into the dryer through the pipeline for waste heat utilization.
  • the dust generated in the pre-reduction and roasting process of the high-efficiency step-level fork-type rotary reduction furnace is dedusted using an electric dust removal device, and the flue gas is introduced into the desulfurization tower. Desulfurization and purification, and finally discharged into the atmosphere, and the electric dust is granulated and returned to the original ore.
  • the auxiliary kiln body when the auxiliary kiln body is looped, the other kiln body is used for smelting, and the kiln body of the kiln is stopped for maintenance.
  • the flux is dolomite and limestone
  • the flux is dolomite and limestone
  • the weight ratio of dolomite to limestone is 1-3:2-4
  • the total amount of addition is 3-8 wt% of the weight of laterite nickel ore. Both have a particle size of -3 mm.
  • the solid fuel is coke breeze or anthracite in an amount of 10-20% by weight based on the weight of the laterite nickel ore, both of which have a particle size of -3 mm.
  • the drying temperature is 300-600 ° C, the drying time is 50-80 min; the pre-reduction temperature is 600-1000 ° C, the pre-reduction time is 90-180 min; the melting temperature is 1350-1500 ° C, and the melting time is 120 ⁇ . 180min.
  • the high efficiency step fork rotary slewing reduction furnace comprises: a main kiln body, two auxiliary kiln bodies, one Stepped fork type main bracket;
  • the main kiln body is supported by a main kiln body support group, and the main kiln body support group is provided with a supporting wheel, and is engaged with a large ring gear sleeved on the main kiln body to support the main kiln body, the main kiln
  • the body bracket group is further provided with a driving and transmission device for rotating the main kiln body on the supporting wheel, the main kiln body is inclined, and the upper end of the relatively high position is the kiln tail of the main kiln body, and the lower end of the position is relatively low.
  • Main kiln body kiln head the main kiln body is near the end of the main kiln kiln is a drying section, and the part adjacent to the drying section and to the head end of the main kiln body is a pre-reduction section;
  • the two auxiliary kiln bodies are respectively disposed on both sides of the main kiln body and close to the position of the kiln head of the main kiln body; each of the auxiliary kiln bodies is respectively arranged by a pair of kiln body brackets, and each of the auxiliary kiln bodies is provided with a bracket
  • the wheel is engaged with a large ring gear disposed on each of the auxiliary kiln to support each of the auxiliary kiln bodies, and each of the auxiliary kiln body supports is further provided with a driving and transmission for rotating the auxiliary kiln body on the supporting wheel
  • each of the auxiliary kiln bodies is inclined, the upper end of the relatively high position is the kiln tail of the auxiliary kiln body, and the lower end of the lower position is the kiln head of the auxiliary kiln body, and each of the auxiliary kiln bodies is set as a melting section;
  • the slope of the main kiln body and each of the auxiliary kiln bodies is 2.5%, and the position of the kiln head of the main kiln body is higher than that of the auxiliary kiln body;
  • the stepped fork type main bracket has a shape of "one", the "person” part of the upper part of the stepped fork type main bracket is an output part, and the lower part of the bracket is a support part; the output part is composed of a hollow pipe, "person”
  • the top opening of the word is used to receive the laterite nickel ore sent from the kiln head of the main kiln.
  • a control gate that can swing left and right is arranged inside the opening to control the conveying direction of the pre-returned material;
  • the horizontally opening discharge ports, each of the discharge ports are respectively connected to the respective kiln body kiln tails through the sealing portion.
  • the kiln wall of the auxiliary kiln body is made of magnesium-aluminum spinel composite brick to form a 3-5-channel annular dam, the dam is perpendicular to the auxiliary kiln body, and the height is the diameter of the corresponding kiln body.
  • the invention also provides an efficient step fork split type rotary reduction furnace, comprising: a main kiln body, two auxiliary kiln bodies, and a stepped fork type main bracket;
  • the main kiln body is supported by a main kiln body support group, and the main kiln body support group is provided with a supporting wheel, and is engaged with a large ring gear sleeved on the main kiln body to support the main kiln body, the main kiln
  • the body bracket group is further provided with a driving and transmission device for rotating the main kiln body on the supporting wheel, the main kiln body is inclined, and the upper end of the relatively high position is the kiln tail of the main kiln body, and the lower end of the position is relatively low.
  • Main kiln body kiln head the main kiln body is near the end of the main kiln kiln is a drying section, and the part adjacent to the drying section and to the head end of the main kiln body is a pre-reduction section;
  • the two auxiliary kiln bodies are respectively disposed on both sides of the main kiln body and close to the position of the kiln head of the main kiln body; each of the auxiliary kiln bodies is respectively arranged by a pair of kiln body brackets, and each of the auxiliary kiln bodies is provided with a bracket
  • the wheel is engaged with a large ring gear disposed on each of the auxiliary kiln to support each of the auxiliary kiln bodies, and each of the auxiliary kiln body supports is further provided with a driving and transmission for rotating the auxiliary kiln body on the supporting wheel
  • each of the auxiliary kiln bodies is inclined, the upper end of the relatively high position is the kiln tail of the auxiliary kiln body, and the lower end of the lower position is the kiln head of the auxiliary kiln body, and each of the auxiliary kiln bodies is set as a melting section;
  • the slope of the main kiln body and each of the auxiliary kiln bodies is 2.5%, and the position of the kiln head of the main kiln body is higher than that of the auxiliary kiln body kiln. tail;
  • the stepped fork type main bracket has a shape of "one", the "person” part of the upper part of the stepped fork type main bracket is an output part, and the lower part of the bracket is a support part; the output part is composed of a hollow pipe, "person”
  • the top opening of the word is used to receive the laterite nickel ore sent from the kiln head of the main kiln.
  • a control gate that can swing left and right is arranged inside the opening to control the conveying direction of the pre-returned material;
  • the horizontally opening discharge ports, each of the discharge ports are respectively connected to the respective kiln body kiln tails through the sealing portion.
  • the main kiln body and the kiln wall of the auxiliary kiln body are made of magnesium-aluminum spinel composite brick to form a 3-5-channel annular dam, and the dam is perpendicular to the auxiliary kiln body, and the height is Corresponding to one-eighth to one-tenth of the diameter of the kiln.
  • the high-efficiency step-fork split-type rotary reduction furnace used in the invention directly reduces other equipment related to the process of producing nickel-iron from laterite nickel ore, such as pressure ball equipment, mixing equipment, feeding equipment, coal injection equipment (such as coal injection pipe, air blower)
  • existing equipment is used in the production of drying equipment, flue gas dedusting and purification equipment.
  • the two-channel, three-channel or four-channel different coal-fired combustion devices are used to spray the bituminous coal to burn heat, which has sufficient combustion, active flame, no damage to the kiln skin, strong maintainability, and late maintenance cost. Low, stable and reliable performance.
  • the high-efficiency step-fork rotary-type reduction furnace separates the smelting section of the kiln body (the auxiliary kiln body) from the drying section and the pre-reduction section (main kiln body), and is equipped with two smelting sections, when a smelting section is knotted
  • the control valve can control the red earth nickel ore pre-feed material to enter another melting section to continue production, and the ring melting section is shut down for cleaning, so that the entire production process can be continuously performed without the need to complete the melting section.
  • the machine is shut down, causing interruption of production; at the same time, the refractory layer of the rotary kiln is often destroyed during the process of removing the ring, and the smelting state of the laterite nickel ore is also greater to the refractory, and the smelting section and the drying section are adopted.
  • the refractory material of the smelting section is damaged when the coil is removed, and the refractory material of the entire rotary reduction furnace is destroyed, thereby eliminating the need to replace the refractory material in the whole kiln, thereby saving cost.
  • the internal design is also optimized: the high temperature anticorrosive refractory magnesium aluminum spinel composite brick is used to build the material in the kiln (main kiln body and auxiliary kiln body).
  • the dam makes the residence time of the material in the kiln prolonged, evenly distributed, and evenly heated, preventing agglomeration caused by uneven heating.
  • the alkaline agent dolomite powder and limestone powder are added to adjust the reaction pH and reduce the problem of easy ring formation due to the acidic environment.
  • the high-efficiency step-fork rotary-type reduction furnace provided by the invention and the method for directly reducing and producing ferronickel by using the rotary kiln can completely shut down the rotary kiln only once a year by changing the structure of the original rotary kiln and controlling the condition of the loop. It can be repaired instead of being shut down and repaired once in half a month to a month, achieving continuous production, increasing the recovery rate of ferronickel and saving smelting costs.
  • Figure 1 is a side elevational view of a stepped split rotary recovery furnace provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of a step fork split type rotary reduction furnace provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a view showing the tail end of the main kiln body of the stepped fork type rotary reduction furnace provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a front view of the kiln head end of the main kiln body of the stepped fork type rotary reduction furnace provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing the overall structure of a stepped fork type rotary reduction furnace provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a stepped fork type main bracket of a stepped fork type rotary reduction furnace according to the present invention.
  • the main equipment used in the invention high-efficiency step fork split type rotary reduction furnace: the main kiln body is 5m ⁇ 60m, wherein the drying section is 40m, the pre-reduction section is 20m, the auxiliary kiln body is 5m ⁇ 20m, the melting section is 20m, and the auxiliary equipment is 250 ⁇ .
  • the present invention provides an efficient step fork split type rotary reduction furnace for smelting nickel iron from nickel laterite ore, comprising: a main kiln body 1 and two auxiliary kiln bodies 2, one The stepped fork type main bracket 6; wherein the main kiln body 1 is set by the main kiln body bracket group 3, the main kiln body bracket group 3 is provided with a supporting wheel 7, and is arranged on the main kiln body 1 The ring gear 9 is engaged to support the main kiln body 1.
  • the main kiln body support group 3 is further provided with a driving and transmission device for rotating the main kiln body 1 on the supporting wheel 7.
  • the driving device is The motor 5 is connected to a reducer and is driven to the main kiln body 1 through the transmission gear 8; the main kiln body 1 is placed obliquely, and the upper end of the relatively high position is the kiln tail 11 of the main kiln body, and the position is relatively low.
  • the lower end is the main kiln head 12, the main kiln body 1 is close to the main kiln body kiln tail 11 end is a drying section, the length in this embodiment is 40m, and the part adjacent to the drying section and to the 12th end of the main kiln body kiln head is The pre-reduction section, the length in this embodiment is 20m;
  • the two auxiliary kiln bodies 2 are respectively disposed on both sides of the main kiln body 1, and are close to the position of the main kiln body kiln head 12; each of the auxiliary kiln bodies 2 is respectively set up by a pair of kiln body brackets 4, each of the auxiliary kiln bodies
  • the bracket 4 is provided with a supporting roller 7 and is engaged with a large ring gear 9 sleeved on the auxiliary kiln body 2, thereby supporting each of the auxiliary kiln bodies 2, and each of the auxiliary kiln body brackets 4 is further provided with each of the auxiliary kiln
  • the driving device is a motor 5, which is connected to a speed reducer and is driven by the transmission gear 8 to the auxiliary shaft body 2; each of the auxiliary shaft bodies 2
  • the upper end is placed at an inclined position, and the upper end of the relatively high position is the kiln tail 13 of the auxiliary kiln body, and the lower end of the
  • the inclination of the main kiln body 1 and each of the auxiliary kiln bodies 2 is 2.5%, and the position of the main kiln body kiln head 12 is higher than that of the auxiliary kiln body kiln tail 13;
  • the stepped fork type main bracket 6 has a "shape" shape, the "human” portion of the upper portion is the output portion 61, and the lower portion of the bracket is the support portion 62; the output portion 61 is composed of a hollow pipe, and the "person” word is open at the top.
  • the utility model is used for receiving the pre-return raw material of the laterite nickel ore which is sent from the kiln head 12 of the main kiln; a control gate 15 which can swing left and right is arranged inside the opening, and when the control valve 15 swings to one side and overlaps the top of the word " ⁇ " On one side edge of the opening, the laterite nickel ore pre-feed material is transported to the opposite side kiln body 2, thereby controlling the conveying direction of the pre-returned raw material of the laterite nickel ore; the left and right ends of the bottom of the word "person” have a horizontally open discharge.
  • the port 63, each of the discharge ports 63 and each of the sub-kiln kiln tails 13 are connected by a sealing portion 64, respectively.
  • the main kiln body 1 and the inner kiln wall of the auxiliary kiln body 2 are respectively made of magnesium-aluminum spinel composite bricks into four equal-distance annular dams (not shown), the block The height of the dam is 300mm.
  • Indonesia saprolite type BAHODOPI mine laterite nickel ore (nickel-high), the average ore containing Ni 1.76wt%, Co 0.04wt%, Fe 18.21wt%, SiO 2 35.18wt%, MgO 19.88wt%, water content of 35wt%.
  • Process steps crushing the laterite nickel ore wet ore to 80mm or less, feeding it to a dryer for drying treatment, until the water content accounts for 18wt% of the total weight of the laterite nickel ore, and then sieving and crushing to the laterite nickel ore with a particle size of less than 3mm. More than 80%; the laterite nickel ore and solid fuel (anthracite powder), flux (limestone powder and dolomite powder) are mixed according to the ratio of Table 1, the disc granulator is 20mm, and sent to the high-efficiency step fork.
  • the main kiln of the reduction furnace is dehydrated in the drying section at a temperature of 500 ° C and a drying time of 70 min; then it is pre-reduced to a pre-reduction section at a temperature of 900 ° C and a pre-reduction time of 120 min to form a pre-return raw material;
  • the pipe discharged from the main kiln body through the stepped fork type main support is sent to the side auxiliary kiln for melting, the melting temperature is 1350 ° C, and the melting time is 180 min.
  • the sinter after high-temperature smelting is discharged from the kiln head of the auxiliary kiln and falls into the slag machine for water quenching.
  • the water-quenched sinter is subjected to crushing, ball milling, cyclone grading, ball milling again, and a part of the ferronickel powder is selected by the magnet, and then the sinter is sent to the ball mill for grinding, so that the particle size is -200 mesh to 80. More than %, the nickel-iron fine powder is selected by the magnetic separator for dehydration
  • the separated tailings slag is subjected to a dewatering filter dry reactor using a filter press.
  • the high temperature exhaust gas at the kiln tail is introduced into the dryer through the pipeline for waste heat utilization.
  • the dust generated in the pre-reduction and roasting process of the high-efficiency step-level fork-type rotary reduction furnace is dedusted by using an electric dust removal device, and the flue gas is introduced into the desulfurization tower for desulfurization. Purification, and finally discharged into the atmosphere, after the electric dust ash is granulated and returned to the original ore.
  • the chemical compositions of solid fuels and solvents are shown in Tables 2 and 3, respectively, and the conditions for improving the control loops in production are shown in Table 4.
  • the bituminous coal is burned and burned by the coal injection equipment to provide direct reduction of heat energy.
  • the nickel grade reaches 10%, the nickel recovery rate is 92%; the iron grade reaches 67%, the iron recovery rate is 75%, the single auxiliary kiln body ringing time is extended to more than 4 months, and the auxiliary kiln body is after the ring
  • the continuous production time is up to one year, and the entire production line does not need to be shut down for maintenance. It is only necessary to separate the ring kiln body separately.
  • the shale type laterite nickel ore (high-speed rail) contains an average of 0.9 wt% of Ni, 0.1 wt% of Co, 48.19 wt% of Fe, 4.87 wt% of SiO 2 , 1.16 wt% of MgO, and a water content of 34.8%.
  • Process steps crushing the laterite nickel ore wet ore to 80mm or less, and sending it to a dryer for drying treatment, until the water content accounts for 17.8wt% of the total weight of the laterite nickel ore, and then the sieve is broken to the laterite nickel ore.
  • the disc granulator pressure group was 20mm, and sent to the efficient step fork
  • the main kiln body of the fractional rotary reduction furnace is dehydrated in the drying section at a temperature of 600 ° C and a drying time of 50 min; then it is pre-reduced into a pre-reduction section at a temperature of 1000 ° C and a pre-reduction time of 90 min to form a pre-return raw material;
  • the pre-returned raw material is discharged from the main kiln kiln head through the pipe of the stepped fork type main support and sent to the side auxiliary kiln for melting, the melting temperature is 1300 ° C, and the melting time is 180 min.
  • the sinter after high-temperature smelting is discharged from the kiln head of the auxiliary kiln and falls into the slag machine for water quenching.
  • the water-quenched sinter is subjected to crushing, ball milling, cyclone grading, ball milling again, and a part of the ferronickel powder is selected by the magnet, and then the sinter is sent to the ball mill for grinding, so that the particle size is -200 mesh to 80. More than %, the nickel-iron fine powder is selected by a magnetic separator for dehydration treatment, and the separated tailings slag is subjected to a dewatering filter dry reactor using a filter press.
  • the high temperature exhaust gas at the kiln tail is introduced into the dryer through the pipeline for waste heat utilization.
  • the dust generated in the pre-reduction and roasting process of the high-efficiency step-level fork-type rotary reduction furnace is dedusted by using an electric dust removal device, and the flue gas is introduced into the desulfurization tower for desulfurization. Purification, and finally discharged into the atmosphere, after the electric dust ash is granulated and returned to the original ore.
  • the chemical compositions of solid fuels and solvents are shown in Tables 6 and 7, respectively, and the conditions for improving the control loops in production are shown in Table 8.
  • the bituminous coal is burned and burned by the coal injection equipment to provide direct reduction of heat energy.
  • the nickel grade reaches 5%, the nickel recovery rate is 75%; the iron grade reaches 65%, the iron recovery rate is 85%, the single auxiliary kiln body ringing time is extended to more than 4 months, and the auxiliary kiln body is after the ring
  • the control valve the pre-returned raw materials are passed into another auxiliary kiln for continuous production, and the auxiliary kiln body is stopped and removed.
  • Continuous production time is more than one year. The entire production line does not need to be shut down for maintenance. It is only necessary to separate the ring kiln body separately.
  • the high-efficiency step-fork split-type rotary reduction furnace provided by the present invention and the method for directly reducing the laterite nickel ore by using the high-efficiency step-fork rotary-reduction furnace to produce nickel-iron by using the high-efficiency step fork split type
  • the reduction furnace can achieve the continuity of production, eliminating the need to stop the cycle, eliminating the interruption of production and achieving the sustainability of production.
  • the low-iron low-nickel, low-iron and high-nickel laterite ore can produce nickel fine powder with nickel content of 5%-25%. More than 40% energy saving than other pyrometallurgical smelting production processes.
  • the reducing agent used in the direct reduction of laterite nickel ore in this method is mainly anthracite powder and a small amount of flux; the heat energy required for direct reduction comes from the combustion heat of the coal powder of the blown bituminous coal.
  • the hot exhaust gas generated in the production process enters the preheating section and preheats the raw materials to completely recycle the exhaust gas.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)

Abstract

一种高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉直接还原生产镍铁的方法，包括：红土镍矿原料筛分、加入煤粉和添加剂进行混料，压球，送入回转窑主窑身行脱水，预还原料，然后送入副窑身进行熔炼。该回转还原炉包括：主窑身（1），两个副窑身（2），梯级叉分式主支架（6），其中该梯级叉分式主支架（6）中有一可左右摆动的控制闸门（15），用于控制预还原料的输送方向，并且在窑内砌筑有挡料坝，可加强物料的搅拌和传热。高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉解决了回转窑熔炼结圈，无法连续生产的问题，当一个副窑身停机维修，另一个(备用)副窑身及时进行熔炼，不影响直接还原镍铁流水线的连续生产。

Description

高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉直接还原生产镍铁的方法 技术领域
本发明属于有色金属冶金领域，具体涉及一种高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉直接还原生产镍铁的方法。
背景技术
红土镍矿占全球镍资源的70％以上，储存量远大于硫化矿，有资源优势，近年鲜有大型硫化镍矿发现；加大红土镍矿开发成为必然。
2010年，世界镍消费量146.4万t，中国镍消费53.4万t，占全球镍消费量36％左右。镍消费在各行业中越来越多的应用，特别是在不锈钢生产应用中占60％。而不锈钢的使用越来越广泛，不锈钢生产使用镍铁比例逐年在增加。
传统镍铁的冶炼主要有高炉冶炼、电炉还原冶炼和回转窑干燥-回转窑还原-电炉还原冶炼(RKEF工艺)。上述方法，都能生产出不同品位的镍铁产品。然而，高炉冶炼和电炉还原冶炼均不同程度地存在污染重、能耗高、资源利用水平低的问题。
而大型焙烧还原回转窑是整个红土镍矿冶炼工艺流程中关键设备之一，矿石经干燥后进入回转窑，在回转窑内加热到800℃后去除矿石表面水分及结晶水，并部分还原矿石中的铁、镍和钴氧化物，进入电炉熔炼。
回转窑工艺与RKEF、高炉法或电炉法等工艺相比有如下优点：
(1)熔炼的主要能源为煤，而不是昂贵的焦炭或电能。
(2)原料的自由选择，可用东南亚的各种红土镍矿。
(3)所产高镍镍铁质量高(含Ni10％-20％左右)，可直接用作不锈钢的生产原料。
(4)同时可作为钢水熔炼时的冷却剂。
然而回转窑工艺最大的问题在于熔炼过程中的结圈问题，为了清理结圈，回转窑平均半个月到一个月(最长两个月)就要进行停机维修，打掉结圈后才能继续生产，这对于生产的连续性影响非常大，严重影响生产的进程，现有的解决方案都是在优化还原温度、还原剂的配料比等方面做努力，最多只能延缓结圈进程而无法彻底解决回转窑结圈造成的生产工艺不连续(除圈周期15天以上并严重损伤回转窑耐火材料)，需经常停机维修的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉直接还原生产镍铁的方法，该方法在干燥、预还原、熔炼阶段，将易于结圈的熔炼段与干燥和预还 原段分开，并且将熔炼段设为两组，一组为生产组进行生产，另一组为备用组，当生产组出现结圈而不适于生产时，备用组转换为生产组进行生产，而原生产组转换为备用组进行去除结圈的作业，从而实现生产的连续性。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述方法使用的高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
本发明提供一种用高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉直接还原生产镍铁的方法，包括以下工艺步骤：
1)将红土镍矿湿矿筛分破碎至80mm以下，送入干燥机进行烘干处理，至含水量占红土镍矿总重量≤18wt％，然后筛分破碎至红土镍矿粒度小于3mm的占80％以上；
2)将红土镍矿配入固体燃料、熔剂和电除尘灰进行混料，压制成球，压球大小为10mm-20mm，使用窑尾筛分装置筛分后送入一高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉的主窑身进行干燥预热和预还原，然后预还原料送入该高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉的两个副窑身中的一个进行高温熔炼；
3)高温熔炼后的烧结矿从该副窑身窑头排出，落入捞渣机内进行水淬处理；
4)将水淬后的烧结矿经过破碎、球磨、旋流器分级，再次球磨，经磁铁器干选出部分镍铁粉后继续将烧结矿送入球磨机进行磨矿，使得粒度为-200目的达到80％以上，经磁选机选出镍铁精粉进行脱水处理，分离出的尾矿渣使用压滤机进行脱水压滤干堆；
5)窑尾高温废气通过管道引入烘干机进行余热利用，在干燥机干燥，高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉预还原和焙烧过程中产生的烟尘使用电除尘设备进行除尘，烟气引入脱硫塔进行脱硫净化，最后排入大气，电除尘灰制粒后返回原矿配料；
其中，当副窑身结圈时，使用另一副窑身进行熔炼，该结圈副窑身停机检修。
优选地，所述熔剂为白云石和石灰石，所述熔剂为白云石和石灰石，白云石和石灰石的加入重量比为1-3:2-4，二者加入总量为红土镍矿重量的3-8wt％，二者粒度均为-3mm。
优选地，所述固体燃料为焦粉或无烟煤，加入量为红土镍矿重量的10-20wt％，二者粒度均为-3mm。
优选地，所述干燥温度为300～600℃，干燥时间为50～80min；预还原温度为600～1000℃，预还原时间为90～180min；熔炼温度为1350～1500℃，熔炼时间为120～180min。
优选地，所述高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉包括：一主窑身，两个副窑身，一 梯级叉分式主支架；
其中，该主窑身由主窑身支架组托设，该主窑身支架组上设有托轮，与套设于主窑身上的大齿圈咬合，从而支撑该主窑身，该主窑身支架组上还设有使该主窑身在托轮上旋转的驱动及传动装置，该主窑身呈倾斜放置，位置相对较高的上端为主窑身窑尾，位置相对较低的下端为主窑身窑头，该主窑身靠近该主窑身窑尾端为干燥段，紧邻干燥段并至该主窑身窑头端的部分为预还原段；
该两个副窑身分别设于主窑身两侧，并接近于主窑身窑头位置；各该副窑身分别由一副窑身支架托设，各该副窑身支架上设有托轮，与套设于各该副窑身上的大齿圈咬合，从而支撑各该副窑身，各该副窑身支架上还设有使各该副窑身在托轮上旋转的驱动及传动装置，各该副窑身呈倾斜放置，位置相对较高的上端为副窑身窑尾，位置相对较低的下端为副窑身窑头，各该副窑身整体设为熔炼段；
该主窑身和各该副窑身的斜度的为2.5％，并且主窑身窑头位置高于副窑身窑尾；
该梯级叉分式主支架呈“个”字形，该梯级叉分式主支架的上部的“人”字部分为输出部，支架下部为支撑部；该输出部由中空的管道构成，“人”字顶部开口，用于承接主窑身窑头送出的红土镍矿，在开口内部设有一可左右摆动的控制闸门，用于控制预还原料的输送方向；“人”字底部左右两端各有一水平开口的出料口，各该出料口，与各该副窑身窑尾通过密封部分别连接。
优选地，所所述副窑身内部窑壁上由镁铝尖晶石复合砖砌筑成3-5道环形挡料坝，该挡料坝与副窑身垂直，高度为相应窑身直径的八分之一至十分之一。
本发明还提供一种高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉，包括：一主窑身，两个副窑身，一梯级叉分式主支架；
其中，该主窑身由主窑身支架组托设，该主窑身支架组上设有托轮，与套设于主窑身上的大齿圈咬合，从而支撑该主窑身，该主窑身支架组上还设有使该主窑身在托轮上旋转的驱动及传动装置，该主窑身呈倾斜放置，位置相对较高的上端为主窑身窑尾，位置相对较低的下端为主窑身窑头，该主窑身靠近该主窑身窑尾端为干燥段，紧邻干燥段并至该主窑身窑头端的部分为预还原段；
该两个副窑身分别设于主窑身两侧，并接近于主窑身窑头位置；各该副窑身分别由一副窑身支架托设，各该副窑身支架上设有托轮，与套设于各该副窑身上的大齿圈咬合，从而支撑各该副窑身，各该副窑身支架上还设有使各该副窑身在托轮上旋转的驱动及传动装置，各该副窑身呈倾斜放置，位置相对较高的上端为副窑身窑尾，位置相对较低的下端为副窑身窑头，各该副窑身整体设为熔炼段；
该主窑身和各该副窑身的斜度的为2.5％，并且主窑身窑头位置高于副窑身窑 尾；
该梯级叉分式主支架呈“个”字形，该梯级叉分式主支架的上部的“人”字部分为输出部，支架下部为支撑部；该输出部由中空的管道构成，“人”字顶部开口，用于承接主窑身窑头送出的红土镍矿，在开口内部设有一可左右摆动的控制闸门，用于控制预还原料的输送方向；“人”字底部左右两端各有一水平开口的出料口，各该出料口，与各该副窑身窑尾通过密封部分别连接。
优选地，所述主窑身和所述副窑身内部窑壁上由镁铝尖晶石复合砖砌筑成3-5道环形挡料坝，该挡料坝与副窑身垂直，高度为相应窑身直径的八分之一至十分之一。
本发明所用高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉直接还原红土镍矿生产镍铁的过程中相关的其他设备，如压球设备、混料设备、进料设备、喷煤设备(如喷煤管，鼓风机，粉煤仓等)、烘干设备、烟气除尘和净化设备等均使用现有技术设备。
其中，根据回转窑型号的大小匹配两通道、三通道或四通道的不同喷煤燃烧装置喷吹烟煤燃烧发热，具有燃烧充分，火焰活泼有力，不伤窑皮，可维修性强，后期维修费用低，工作性能稳定可靠。
本发明的优点为：
1.改变回转窑结构
本发明提供的高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉将窑身的熔炼段(副窑身)与干燥段和预还原段(主窑身)分开，并且配备两个熔炼段，当一个熔炼段发生结圈情况时，控制阀门可以控制红土镍矿预还原料进入另一个熔炼段继续生产，而该结圈熔炼段则进行停机清理，使得整个生产过程得以连续进行，无需在熔炼段结圈时将整机进行停机处理，造成生产的中断；同时在除掉结圈过程中往往会破坏回转窑的耐火材料层，红土镍矿烧熔状态对耐火材料的侵蚀也较大，采用将熔炼段与干燥段和预还原段分开，在除圈时仅会损伤熔炼段的耐火材料而不会将回转还原炉整体的耐火材料破坏，从而无需全窑更换耐火材料，节约了成本。
2.优化回转窑结构
为了防止梯级叉分式回转还原炉结圈，还对其内部设计进行了优化：使用高温防腐耐火材料镁铝尖晶石复合砖在窑内(主窑身和副窑身)砌筑成挡料坝，使得物料在窑内停留时间延长，分布均匀，受热均匀，防止由于受热不均造成的结块。
3.优化生产条件，控制结圈
添加碱性药剂白云石粉和石灰石粉，调节反应pH，降低由于酸性环境造成的易结圈问题。
本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明提供的高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉及采用该回转窑直接还原生产镍铁的方法，可通过改变原有回转窑的结构以及控制结圈条件，使得回转窑只需一年彻底停机一次进行维修即可，而不是像过去那样半个月到一个月就停机维修一次，实现了生产的连续性，提高镍铁回收率，节约冶炼成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的梯级叉分式回转还原炉的侧视图。
图2为本发明提供的梯级叉分式回转还原炉的俯视图。
图3为本发明提供的梯级叉分式回转还原炉的主窑身窑尾端视图。
图4为本发明提供的梯级叉分式回转还原炉的主窑身窑头端视图。
图5为本发明提供的梯级叉分式回转还原炉的整体结构的立体示意图。
图6为本发明提供的梯级叉分式回转还原炉的梯级叉分式主支架的剖面图。
附图标记
1：主窑身；2：副窑身；3：主窑身支架组；4：副窑身支架；5：电机；6：梯级叉分式主支架；61：输出部；62：支撑部；63：出料口；64：密封部；7：托轮；8：齿轮；9：大齿圈；11：主窑身窑尾；12：主窑身窑头，13：副窑身窑尾；14：副窑身窑头；15：控制阀门。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进行进一步地说明。
实施例1试验设备
本发明所用主体设备：高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉：主窑身∮5m×60m，其中干燥段40m，预还原段20m，副窑身∮5m×20m，熔炼段20m；辅助设备由250×150mm颚式破碎机、∮1500mm圆盘制粒机、烟气收尘系统、Testo360型烟气测试仪、终端控制系统等组成。
如图1至图6所示，为本发明提供的一种从镍红土矿中冶炼镍铁的高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉，包括：一主窑身1、两个副窑身2，一梯级叉分式主支架6；其中，该主窑身1由主窑身支架组3托设，该主窑身支架组3上设有托轮7，与套设于主窑身1上的大齿圈9咬合，从而支撑该主窑身1，该主窑身支架组3上还设有使该主窑身1在托轮7上旋转的驱动及传动装置，本实施例中该驱动装置为电机5，其连接一减速机，并通过传动装置齿轮8传动给主窑身1；该主窑身1呈倾斜放置，位置相对较高的上端为主窑身窑尾11，位置相对较低的下端为主窑身窑头12，该主窑身1靠近该主窑身窑尾11端为干燥段，本实施例中长度为40m，紧邻干燥段并至该主窑身窑头12端的部分为预还原段，本实施例中长度为 20m；
该两个副窑身2分别设于主窑身1两侧，并接近于主窑身窑头12位置；各该副窑身2分别由一副窑身支架4托设，各该副窑身支架4上设有托轮7，与套设于副窑身2上的大齿圈9咬合，从而支撑各该副窑身2，各该副窑身支架4上还设有使各该副窑身2在托轮7上旋转的驱动及传动装置，本实施例中该驱动装置为电机5，其连接一减速机，并通过传动装置齿轮8传动给副窑身2；各该副窑身2呈倾斜放置，位置相对较高的上端为副窑身窑尾13，位置相对较低的下端为副窑身窑头14，各该副窑身整体设为熔炼段，本实施例中长度为20m；
该主窑身1和各该副窑身2的斜度的为2.5％，并且主窑身窑头12位置高于副窑身窑尾13；
该梯级叉分式主支架6呈“个”字形，其上部的“人”字部分为输出部61，支架下部为支撑部62；该输出部61由中空的管道构成，“人”字顶部开口，用于承接主窑身窑头12送出的红土镍矿预还原料；在开口内部设有一个可左右摆动的控制闸门15，当控制阀门15向一侧摆动并搭接在“人”字顶部开口的一侧边缘上时，红土镍矿预还原料输送到对侧副窑身2，从而控制红土镍矿预还原料的输送方向；“人”字底部左右两端各有一水平开口的出料口63，各该出料口63与各该副窑身窑尾13通过密封部64分别连接。
其中，在所述主窑身1和所述副窑身2内部窑壁上各由镁铝尖晶石复合砖砌筑成4道等间距的环形挡料坝(图中未显示)，该挡料坝高度为300mm。
实施例2
印尼BAHODOPI矿区腐岩型红土镍矿(高镍)，矿平均含Ni 1.76wt％，Co 0.04wt％，Fe 18.21wt％，SiO2 35.18wt％，MgO 19.88wt％，含水量35wt％。
工艺步骤：将红土镍矿湿矿筛分破碎至80mm以下，送入干燥机进行烘干处理，至含水量占红土镍矿总重量18wt％，然后筛分破碎至红土镍矿粒度小于3mm的占80％以上；将红土镍矿与固体燃料(无烟煤粉)、熔剂(石灰石粉和白云石粉)按表1比例进行混料，圆盘制粒机压团为20mm，送入高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉主窑身，在干燥段进行脱水，温度为500℃，干燥时间为70min；然后进入预还原段进行预还原，温度为900℃，预还原时间为120min，形成预还原料；预还原料从主窑身窑头排出经过梯级叉分式主支架的管道送入一侧副窑身进行熔炼，熔炼温度为1350℃，熔炼时间为180min。高温熔炼后的烧结矿从副窑身窑头排出，落入捞渣机内进行水淬处理。将水淬后的烧结矿经过破碎、球磨、旋流器分级，再次球磨，经磁铁器干选出部分镍铁粉后继续将烧结矿送入球磨机进行磨矿，使得粒度为-200目的达到80％以上，经磁选机选出镍铁精粉进行脱水处 理，分离出的尾矿渣使用压滤机进行脱水压滤干堆。窑尾高温废气通过管道引入烘干机进行余热利用，在干燥机干燥，高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉预还原和焙烧过程中产生的烟尘使用电除尘设备进行除尘，烟气引入脱硫塔进行脱硫净化，最后排入大气，电除尘灰制粒后返回原矿配料。
其中固体燃料和溶剂的化学成分分别见表2和表3所示，生产中用于提高控制结圈的条件见表4所示。烟煤通过喷煤设备喷出燃烧发热，提供直接还原的热能。
表1红土镍矿原料配比表(wt％)
项目 红土镍矿 无烟煤粉 石灰石粉 白云石粉
配比 80 15 2 3
表2燃料化学成分(wt％)
Figure PCTCN2017070599-appb-000001
表3熔剂化学成分(％)
项目 SiO2 MgO CaO AL2O3 粒度要求
石灰石 2.0 1.0 50 0.2 ≤3mm，≥80％
白云石 2.3 20 39 0.18 ≤3mm，≥80％
表4生产技术参数指标控制表
Figure PCTCN2017070599-appb-000002
在此工艺条件下，镍品位达到10％，镍回收率92％；铁品位达到67％，铁回收率75％，单一副窑身结圈时间延长至4个月以上，副窑身结圈后，通过控制阀门将预还原料通入另一副窑身进行继续生产，结圈副窑身停机除圈。连续生产时间达到一年，中间全生产线无需停产检修，只需将结圈副窑身单独进行除圈作业。
实施例3
印尼BAHODOPI矿区腐岩型红土镍矿(高铁)，矿平均含Ni 0.9wt％，Co 0.1wt％，Fe 48.19wt％，SiO2 4.87wt％，MgO 1.16wt％，含水量34.8％。
工艺步骤：将红土镍矿湿矿筛分破碎至80mm以下，送入干燥机进行烘干处理，至含水量占红土镍矿总重量17.8wt％，然后筛分破碎至红土镍矿粒度小于 3mm的占80％以上；将红土镍矿与固体燃料(无烟煤粉)、熔剂(石灰石粉和白云石粉)按表5比例进行混料，圆盘制粒机压团为20mm，送入高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉主窑身，在干燥段进行脱水，温度为600℃，干燥时间为50min；然后进入预还原段进行预还原，温度为1000℃，预还原时间为90min，形成预还原料；预还原料从主窑身窑头排出经过梯级叉分式主支架的管道送入一侧副窑身进行熔炼，熔炼温度为1300℃，熔炼时间为180min。高温熔炼后的烧结矿从副窑身窑头排出，落入捞渣机内进行水淬处理。将水淬后的烧结矿经过破碎、球磨、旋流器分级，再次球磨，经磁铁器干选出部分镍铁粉后继续将烧结矿送入球磨机进行磨矿，使得粒度为-200目的达到80％以上，经磁选机选出镍铁精粉进行脱水处理，分离出的尾矿渣使用压滤机进行脱水压滤干堆。窑尾高温废气通过管道引入烘干机进行余热利用，在干燥机干燥，高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉预还原和焙烧过程中产生的烟尘使用电除尘设备进行除尘，烟气引入脱硫塔进行脱硫净化，最后排入大气，电除尘灰制粒后返回原矿配料。
其中固体燃料和溶剂的化学成分分别见表6和表7所示，生产中用于提高控制结圈的条件见表8所示。烟煤通过喷煤设备喷出燃烧发热，提供直接还原的热能。
表5红土镍矿原料配比表(wt％)
项目 红土镍矿 焦粉 石灰石粉 白云石粉
配比 85 12.5 1 1.5
表6燃料化学成分(wt％)
Figure PCTCN2017070599-appb-000003
表7熔剂化学成分(％)
项目 SiO2 MgO CaO AL2O3 粒度要求
石灰石 1.8 1.0 53 0.18 ≤3mm，≥80％
白云石 2.5 25 40 0.2 ≤3mm，≥80％
表8生产技术参数指标控制表
Figure PCTCN2017070599-appb-000004
在此工艺条件下，镍品位达到5％，镍回收率75％；铁品位达到65％，铁回收率85％，单一副窑身结圈时间延长至4个月以上，副窑身结圈后，通过控制阀门将预还原料通入另一副窑身进行继续生产，结圈副窑身停机除圈。连续生产时间超过一年，中间全生产线无需停产检修，只需将结圈副窑身单独进行除圈作业。
从上述实施例可以看出，本发明提供的高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉及使用该高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉直接还原红土镍矿生产镍铁的方法，通过使用高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉可以实现生产的连续性，无需进行停机除圈，不会造成生产的中断，实现了生产的可持续性。同时，对红土镍矿的品位没有过高的要求，低铁低镍、低铁高镍的红土矿均可以生产出镍含量5％-25％的镍精粉。比其他火法镍铁冶炼生产工艺节能40％以上。考虑到节能减排，本方法红土镍矿直接还原所使用的还原剂，主要为无烟煤粉和少量熔剂；直接还原所需的热能，来自喷吹烟煤煤粉的燃烧发热。生产过程中产生的热的废气，再进入到预热段，对原料进行预热，完全达到废气的循环利用。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉直接还原生产镍铁的方法，其特征在于，包括以下工艺步骤：
    1)将红土镍矿湿矿筛分破碎至80mm以下，送入干燥机进行烘干处理，至含水量占红土镍矿总重量≤18wt％，然后筛分破碎至红土镍矿粒度小于3mm的占80％以上；
    2)将红土镍矿配入固体燃料、熔剂和电除尘灰进行混料，压制成球，压球大小为10mm-20mm，使用窑尾筛分装置筛分后送入一高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉的主窑身进行干燥预热和预还原，然后预还原料送入该高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉的两个副窑身中的一个进行高温熔炼；
    3)高温熔炼后的烧结矿从该副窑身窑头排出，落入捞渣机内进行水淬处理；
    4)将水淬后的烧结矿经过破碎、球磨、旋流器分级，再次球磨，经磁铁器干选出部分镍铁粉后继续将烧结矿送入球磨机进行磨矿，使得粒度为-200目的达到80％以上，经磁选机选出镍铁精粉进行脱水处理，分离出的尾矿渣使用压滤机进行脱水压滤干堆；
    5)窑尾高温废气通过管道引入烘干机进行余热利用，在干燥机干燥，高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉预还原和焙烧过程中产生的烟尘使用电除尘设备进行除尘，烟气引入脱硫塔进行脱硫净化，最后排入大气，电除尘灰制粒后返回原矿配料；
    其中，当副窑身结圈时，使用另一副窑身进行熔炼，该结圈副窑身停机检修。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述熔剂为白云石和石灰石，白云石和石灰石的加入重量比为1-3:2-4，二者加入总量为红土镍矿重量的3-8wt％，二者粒度均为-3mm。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述固体燃料为焦粉或无烟煤，加入量为红土镍矿重量的10-20wt％，二者粒度均为-3mm。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述干燥温度为300～600℃，干燥时间为50～80min；预还原温度为600～1000℃，预还原时间为90～180min；熔炼温度为1350～1500℃，熔炼时间为120～180min。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述高效梯级叉分式回转 还原炉包括：一主窑身，两个副窑身，一梯级叉分式主支架；
    其中，该主窑身由主窑身支架组托设，该主窑身支架组上设有托轮，与套设于主窑身上的大齿圈咬合，从而支撑该主窑身，该主窑身支架组上还设有使该主窑身在托轮上旋转的驱动及传动装置，该主窑身呈倾斜放置，位置相对较高的上端为主窑身窑尾，位置相对较低的下端为主窑身窑头，该主窑身靠近该主窑身窑尾端为干燥段，紧邻干燥段并至该主窑身窑头端的部分为预还原段；
    该两个副窑身分别设于主窑身两侧，并接近于主窑身窑头位置；各该副窑身分别由一副窑身支架托设，各该副窑身支架上设有托轮，与套设于各该副窑身上的大齿圈咬合，从而支撑各该副窑身，各该副窑身支架上还设有使各该副窑身在托轮上旋转的驱动及传动装置，各该副窑身呈倾斜放置，位置相对较高的上端为副窑身窑尾，位置相对较低的下端为副窑身窑头，各该副窑身整体设为熔炼段；
    该主窑身和各该副窑身的斜度的为2.5％，并且主窑身窑头位置高于副窑身窑尾；
    该梯级叉分式主支架呈“个”字形，该梯级叉分式主支架的上部的“人”字部分为输出部，支架下部为支撑部；该输出部由中空的管道构成，“人”字顶部开口，用于承接主窑身窑头送出的红土镍矿，在开口内部设有一可左右摆动的控制闸门，用于控制预还原料的输送方向；“人”字底部左右两端各有一水平开口的出料口，各该出料口，与各该副窑身窑尾通过密封部分别连接。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述副窑身内部窑壁上由镁铝尖晶石复合砖砌筑成3-5道环形挡料坝，该挡料坝与副窑身垂直，高度为相应窑身直径的八分之一至十分之一。
  7. 一种高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉，其特征在于，包括：一主窑身，两个副窑身，一梯级叉分式主支架；
    其中，该主窑身由主窑身支架组托设，该主窑身支架组上设有托轮，与套设于主窑身上的大齿圈咬合，从而支撑该主窑身，该主窑身支架组上还设有使该主窑身在托轮上旋转的驱动及传动装置，该主窑身呈倾斜放置，位置相对较高的上端为主窑身窑尾，位置相对较低的下端为主窑身窑头，该主窑身靠近该主窑身窑尾端为干燥段，紧邻干燥段并至该主窑身窑 头端的部分为预还原段；
    该两个副窑身分别设于主窑身两侧，并接近于主窑身窑头位置；各该副窑身分别由一副窑身支架托设，各该副窑身支架上设有托轮，与套设于各该副窑身上的大齿圈咬合，从而支撑各该副窑身，各该副窑身支架上还设有使各该副窑身在托轮上旋转的驱动及传动装置，各该副窑身呈倾斜放置，位置相对较高的上端为副窑身窑尾，位置相对较低的下端为副窑身窑头，各该副窑身整体设为熔炼段；
    该主窑身和各该副窑身的斜度的为2.5％，并且主窑身窑头位置高于副窑身窑尾；
    该梯级叉分式主支架呈“个”字形，该梯级叉分式主支架的上部的“人”字部分为输出部，支架下部为支撑部；该输出部由中空的管道构成，“人”字顶部开口，用于承接主窑身窑头送出的红土镍矿，在开口内部设有一可左右摆动的控制闸门，用于控制预还原料的输送方向；“人”字底部左右两端各有一水平开口的出料口，各该出料口，与各该副窑身窑尾通过密封部分别连接。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉，其特征在于，所述主窑身和所述副窑身内部窑壁上由镁铝尖晶石复合砖砌筑成3-5道环形挡料坝，该挡料坝与副窑身垂直，高度为相应窑身直径的八分之一至十分之一。
    。
PCT/CN2017/070599 2016-03-14 2017-01-09 高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉直接还原生产镍铁的方法 WO2017157092A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610143793.1 2016-03-14
CN201610143793.1A CN105586498B (zh) 2016-03-14 2016-03-14 高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉直接还原生产镍铁的方法

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017157092A1 true WO2017157092A1 (zh) 2017-09-21

Family

ID=55926395

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2017/070599 WO2017157092A1 (zh) 2016-03-14 2017-01-09 高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉直接还原生产镍铁的方法

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN105586498B (zh)
WO (1) WO2017157092A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105586498B (zh) * 2016-03-14 2017-09-26 李宾 高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉直接还原生产镍铁的方法
CN110273040B (zh) * 2019-08-02 2020-12-11 唐山鑫虎冶金科技有限公司 铁粉冷压还原装置及方法
CN117531821B (zh) * 2023-11-17 2024-10-11 宁波力勤资源科技股份有限公司 一种红土矿湿法冶炼渣深度脱硫的方法及装置

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3746533A (en) * 1972-03-22 1973-07-17 L Moussoulos Process of producing ferro-nickel in a rotary furnace including pelletizing and pre-reducing ore
CN201259367Y (zh) * 2008-07-04 2009-06-17 杭州赛诺索欧电池有限公司 全气氛控制的全密封连续式回转炉
CA2544671C (en) * 2004-06-08 2011-01-18 Pacific Metals Co., Ltd. Lifter for heat exchanging device, rotary device equipped with the same and method for heat treatment of nickel oxide ore
CN103643034A (zh) * 2013-12-12 2014-03-19 毛黎生 红土镍矿在两段回转窑中还原粒镍铁的方法
CN105586498A (zh) * 2016-03-14 2016-05-18 李宾 高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉直接还原生产镍铁的方法
CN205368469U (zh) * 2016-03-14 2016-07-06 李宾 高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103045848B (zh) * 2012-12-18 2014-08-06 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 一种含有预热装置的菱铁矿磁化焙烧回转窑及块矿预热方法
CN103773949B (zh) * 2014-01-09 2016-08-17 李成武 镍铁冶炼回转窑直接还原方法
CN104451148A (zh) * 2014-12-01 2015-03-25 偏关县晋电化工有限责任公司 一种使用红土镍矿冶炼镍铁的生产工艺
CN104831056B (zh) * 2015-03-17 2017-09-22 北京首钢国际工程技术有限公司 一种铬精矿球团的预热和焙烧方法

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3746533A (en) * 1972-03-22 1973-07-17 L Moussoulos Process of producing ferro-nickel in a rotary furnace including pelletizing and pre-reducing ore
CA2544671C (en) * 2004-06-08 2011-01-18 Pacific Metals Co., Ltd. Lifter for heat exchanging device, rotary device equipped with the same and method for heat treatment of nickel oxide ore
CN201259367Y (zh) * 2008-07-04 2009-06-17 杭州赛诺索欧电池有限公司 全气氛控制的全密封连续式回转炉
CN103643034A (zh) * 2013-12-12 2014-03-19 毛黎生 红土镍矿在两段回转窑中还原粒镍铁的方法
CN105586498A (zh) * 2016-03-14 2016-05-18 李宾 高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉直接还原生产镍铁的方法
CN205368469U (zh) * 2016-03-14 2016-07-06 李宾 高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN105586498A (zh) 2016-05-18
CN105586498B (zh) 2017-09-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US10100379B2 (en) System and method for fluidized direct reduction of iron ore concentrate powder
CN103667742B (zh) 红土镍矿处理方法
CN112899420B (zh) 一种转炉渣联用淬化消碱磁化热回收装置和方法
CN102399993B (zh) 一种湿法黄金冶炼废渣的处理方法
CN106868245B (zh) 一种两步法的铁水生产工艺
CN101660014A (zh) 熔融高炉渣显热回收方法及装置
WO2013152487A1 (zh) 一种高效回收镍资源的红土镍矿处理方法
WO2021244616A1 (zh) 基于气基能源的两步法高磷含铁资源铁磷高效分离的方法
CN106011457B (zh) 一种难选铁矿石粉磁化焙烧系统及工艺
CN107267776B (zh) 一种红土镍矿直接还原-选矿富集生产镍铁的方法
CN112195301B (zh) 一种直接还原-熔分系统及方法
CN108380360B (zh) 一种钢渣铁精粉生产工艺
CN105603214A (zh) 回转窑直接还原红土镍矿生产镍铁的方法
WO2017157092A1 (zh) 高效梯级叉分式回转还原炉直接还原生产镍铁的方法
CN102634622A (zh) 采用难选矿、复合矿和含铁废料还原分离金属铁的方法
CN103290161A (zh) 难选矿、复合矿和含铁废料渣铁分离还原铁的设备及方法
AU2022200483B1 (en) Method for recovering valuable metal from high-zinc and high-lead smelting slag
CN207176039U (zh) 一种干法悬浮烧结闪速冶炼镍铁设备
CN214694260U (zh) 一种钢铁厂含铁含锌固体废料直接熔炼工艺装置
CN213570564U (zh) 一种富氧或全氧侧吹熔分系统及直接还原-熔分系统
CN104651564A (zh) 一种低温快速还原分离粒铁的方法
CN111304434B (zh) 一种难选褐铁矿阶段焙烧磨矿磁选生产铁精矿的方法
CN116694923A (zh) 一种采用煤基-悬浮焙烧处理菱铁矿、赤铁矿装置及工艺
CN110229939A (zh) 一种两段回转窑法非焦炼铁装置
CN108239708A (zh) 一种干法悬浮烧结闪速冶炼镍铁工艺及设备

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 17765634

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 17765634

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1