WO2017156837A1 - 一种全频带电力线载波通信方法 - Google Patents

一种全频带电力线载波通信方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017156837A1
WO2017156837A1 PCT/CN2016/081138 CN2016081138W WO2017156837A1 WO 2017156837 A1 WO2017156837 A1 WO 2017156837A1 CN 2016081138 W CN2016081138 W CN 2016081138W WO 2017156837 A1 WO2017156837 A1 WO 2017156837A1
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Prior art keywords
carrier
circuit
bplc
power line
narrowband
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PCT/CN2016/081138
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邱仁峰
刘利方
熊凯州
易模
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瑞斯康微电子（深圳）有限公司
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Publication of WO2017156837A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017156837A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
    • H04B3/544—Setting up communications; Call and signalling arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C19/00—Electric signal transmission systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a full-band power line carrier communication method for data transcription of a meter.
  • the carrier communication method developed in this way is called narrow-band carrier, because its communication bandwidth ranges from 3K-50KHz, the bandwidth is narrow, and the communication rate ranges from 50bps to 5.4kbps, but because of its The interference from the power grid is relatively large, and the point-to-point success rate is not high. Especially in the peak period of power grid usage, the data cannot be copied. Therefore, the meter reading of the resident users is selected to start at 0:00 every day.
  • the communication rate can be reduced to 3 Mbps, and the point-to-point communication distance is improved, but in some In the case of a poorly distributed distribution area, especially in the case of full ground embedding, the communication success rate is very low, and it is also impossible to meet the meter reading requirements of all situations.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a full-band power line carrier communication method, which can significantly improve the success rate of meter reading.
  • a full-band power line carrier communication method using a BPLC processor as a main controller for data acquisition; having two acquisition channels respectively performing data transmission based on wideband carrier and data transmission based on narrowband transmission; each acquisition channel can be separately Work to collect data;
  • the two acquisition channels are a broadband carrier acquisition channel and a narrowband carrier acquisition channel;
  • BPLC broadband power line carrier communication
  • the broadband carrier acquisition channel includes a BPLC transceiver circuit and a BPLC coupling circuit; one side of the BPLC transceiver circuit is connected to the broadband transceiver port of the BPLC processor. The other side of the BPLC transceiver circuit is connected to the power line through a BPLC coupling circuit;
  • the narrowband carrier acquisition channel includes a narrowband carrier transmission circuit, a narrowband carrier receiving circuit, a narrowband signal coupling circuit, and a zero crossing circuit;
  • the narrowband carrier transmitting circuit and the narrowband carrier receiving circuit are both disposed between the narrowband signal coupling circuit and the BPLC processor; the narrowband signal coupling circuit is connected to the power line; the narrowband carrier transmitting circuit and the narrowband carrier receiving circuit are connected to the pins of the BPLC processor;
  • the pin includes a common general-purpose IO pin.
  • the IO pin can be used as an enable signal output.
  • the pin can also be a DAC pin (that is, the output of the DAC integrated in the BPLC processor). It can be simulated by the DAC pin.
  • the output of the sine wave; the DAC pin refers to the digital to analog signal pin;
  • the input end of the zero-crossing circuit is connected to the power line, and the output end of the zero-crossing circuit is connected to the IO port of the BPLC processor;
  • the narrowband carrier modulation signal generated by the BPLC processor is sent to the narrowband carrier transmission circuit, and the narrowband carrier signal received by the narrowband carrier receiving circuit is firstly discriminated in the narrowband carrier receiving circuit (MC3361), and then input to the BPLC processor for solution. Tuned to achieve narrowband carrier communication.
  • the transmitting circuit in the BPLC transceiver circuit uses a general-purpose PA chip (the PA chip adopts ISL1571), and the receiving circuit uses a multi-stage filter circuit composed of a resistor, a capacitor and an inductor.
  • the narrowband carrier adopts BFSK modulation mode, and the communication rate is 50bps-600bps. It adopts spread spectrum communication mode and adopts 80-bit spreading factor.
  • the receiving circuit of the narrowband carrier adopts the MC3361 chip, and is responsible for receiving the frequency discrimination of the FM signal.
  • Two different frequency sine wave signals are generated by the wideband carrier processor: M0 (such as 138 kHz) and M1 (such as 126 kHz).
  • M0 such as 138 kHz
  • M1 such as 126 kHz
  • the difference between the two signal frequencies is no more than 15 kHz
  • time for sending M0 or M1 is set to ⁇ (this time).
  • Time refers to the duration of M0 or M1), ( ⁇ ⁇ 10 microseconds), the zero-crossing point of 220V sinusoidal alternating current is obtained through the zero-crossing circuit, and data is transmitted and received in time t (t ⁇ 4 milliseconds) before and after the zero-crossing point.
  • Each zero crossing sends 1 bit of valid data (valid data refers to a 0 or 1).
  • the meter reading table of the power distribution station area is adopted by the broadband carrier method. After one round of meter reading is completed, the meter that has not successfully read the meter is counted. If the meter reading command is issued, the data is not returned or the data is returned after a certain time. In the table, the narrow-band carrier communication method is used to supplement the meter that has not successfully read the meter until the success rate is 100%.
  • the BPLC processor uses the QCA7000 chip of Qualcomm, a broadband power line carrier chip.
  • the coupling transformer in the BPLC coupling circuit requires the transceiver coil to be separated.
  • the receiving circuit transmits and transmits data through the universal IO pin, and the transmitting circuit adopts discrete components to overlap, and the receiving circuit adopts a common FSK frequency detecting chip, and simultaneously increases the signal coupling circuit of the broadband carrier chip;
  • the wideband carrier transmission circuit adopts the external PA mode
  • the PA chip adopts the ISL1571
  • the receiving circuit is a multi-stage filter circuit composed of a resistor, a capacitor and an inductor.
  • the coupling transformer requires the transceiver coil to be separated, and the turns ratio is 4:1:5 (original edge ⁇ Number: Send parameters: Receive parameters).
  • the narrowband carrier adopts BFSK modulation mode, and the communication rate is 50bps-600bps. It adopts spread spectrum communication mode and adopts 80-bit spreading factor. This technology can greatly improve its anti-interference ability and enhance its point-to-point communication distance, especially in the ground. In the case of the line, the communication distance is greatly improved compared to the broadband carrier communication method.
  • the narrowband carrier receiving and demodulation chip uses the MC3361, and the transmission is built using discrete components, which can improve performance on the one hand and reduce the cost of the entire communication system on the other hand.
  • the modulation and demodulation of the narrowband carrier of the communication system is implemented in software in the ARM9 of the wideband carrier chip, and two sine wave signals of different frequencies are generated by means of software (internal program) (using an internal program to simulate a sine wave signal is existing) Mature technology), in which the signal with high frequency is recorded as M0 (such as 138 kHz), the signal with low frequency is recorded as M1 (such as 126 kHz), and the difference between the two signals is not more than 15 kHz.
  • M0 is sent each time.
  • the time of M1 is set to ⁇ , generally not more than 10 microseconds.
  • the zero-crossing point of 220V sinusoidal alternating current is obtained through the zero-crossing circuit, and the data is transmitted and received in a certain time t (not more than 4 milliseconds) before and after the zero-crossing point. Zero is sent 1 bit.
  • the communication system first uses the broadband carrier mode to perform the meter reading of the power distribution station area. After one round of copying, the meter that has not successfully read the meter is counted, and the data is not returned after a certain period of time after the meter reading command is issued. Returning data errors means unsuccessful meter reading, and then using narrowband carrier communication to make up the copy until the success rate is 100%.
  • the full-band power line carrier communication method of the invention combines the advantages of narrow-band carrier communication distance and slow signal-to-point communication distance, and also combines the advantages of wide-band carrier communication speed, etc., and can perfectly solve the meter reading requirements of all stations. Significantly improve the success rate of meter reading. The test shows that the half-hour meter reading success rate of all stations can reach 100%, which can meet the success rate and high efficiency requirements of the electricity information collection system.
  • the narrowband communication circuit is added on the basis of the original broadband carrier chip, and the modulation and demodulation of the narrowband carrier communication is simulated by the original wideband carrier chip, which is easy to implement and has a clever idea, and the effect is particularly outstanding. It is the key point of the present invention.
  • the broadband power line carrier processor has built-in wideband carrier modulation and demodulator, adopts ARM9 core, runs linux embedded operating system, adopts OFDM modulation mode, communication frequency is 2-12MHz, and physical layer maximum communication rate reaches 10Mbps.
  • the wideband carrier The wideband carrier transceiver circuit and signal coupling circuit added to the communication chip remain unchanged, and broadband power line carrier communication is realized.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the modulation and demodulation of the narrowband carrier is realized by using the software mode in the broadband carrier chip, and the communication index of the narrowband carrier communication can be flexibly configured in the field.
  • 1 is a general architectural diagram of a full-band power line carrier communication method
  • Figure 2 is a flow chart of data reading
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a narrowband carrier signal transmission circuit
  • Figure 5 is a narrowband carrier coupling circuit diagram
  • Figure 6 is a narrow-band carrier zero-crossing circuit diagram
  • Figure 7 shows the wideband carrier signal transceiving and coupling circuit.
  • a full-band power line carrier communication method using a BPLC processor as a main controller for data acquisition; having two acquisition channels respectively performing data transmission based on wideband carrier and data transmission based on narrowband transmission;
  • the acquisition channel can work alone to collect data;
  • the two acquisition channels are a broadband carrier acquisition channel and a narrowband carrier acquisition channel;
  • BPLC broadband power line carrier communication
  • the broadband carrier acquisition channel includes a BPLC transceiver circuit and a BPLC coupling circuit; one side of the BPLC transceiver circuit is connected to the broadband transceiver port of the BPLC processor. The other side of the BPLC transceiver circuit is connected to the power line through a BPLC coupling circuit;
  • the narrowband carrier acquisition channel includes a narrowband carrier transmission circuit, a narrowband carrier receiving circuit, a narrowband signal coupling circuit, and a zero crossing circuit;
  • the narrowband carrier transmitting circuit and the narrowband carrier receiving circuit are both disposed between the narrowband signal coupling circuit and the BPLC processor; the narrowband signal coupling circuit is connected to the power line; the narrowband carrier transmitting circuit and the narrowband carrier receiving circuit are connected to the pins of the BPLC processor;
  • the pin includes a common general-purpose IO pin.
  • the IO pin can be used as an enable signal output.
  • the pin can also be a DAC pin (that is, the output of the DAC integrated in the BPLC processor). It can be simulated by the DAC pin. Sinusoidal output;
  • the input end of the zero-crossing circuit is connected to the power line, and the output end of the zero-crossing circuit is connected to the IO port of the BPLC processor;
  • the narrowband carrier modulation signal generated by the BPLC processor is sent to the narrowband carrier transmission circuit, and the narrowband carrier signal received by the narrowband carrier receiving circuit is firstly discriminated in the narrowband carrier receiving circuit (MC3361), and then input to the BPLC processor for solution. Tuned to achieve narrowband carrier communication.
  • the transmitting circuit in the BPLC transceiver circuit uses a general-purpose PA chip (the PA chip adopts ISL1571), and the receiving circuit uses a multi-stage filter circuit composed of a resistor, a capacitor and an inductor.
  • the narrowband carrier adopts BFSK modulation mode, and the communication rate is 50bps-600bps. It adopts spread spectrum communication mode and adopts 80-bit spreading factor.
  • the receiving circuit of the narrowband carrier adopts the MC3361 chip, and is responsible for receiving the frequency discrimination of the FM signal.
  • Two different frequency sine wave signals are generated by the wideband carrier processor: M0 (such as 138 kHz) and M1 (such as 126 kHz).
  • M0 such as 138 kHz
  • M1 such as 126 kHz
  • the difference between the two signal frequencies is no more than 15 kHz
  • time for sending M0 or M1 is set to ⁇ (this time).
  • Time refers to the duration of M0 or M1), ( ⁇ ⁇ 10 microseconds), the zero-crossing point of 220V sinusoidal alternating current is obtained through the zero-crossing circuit, and data is transmitted and received in time t (t ⁇ 4 milliseconds) before and after the zero-crossing point.
  • Each zero crossing sends 1 bit of valid data (valid data refers to a 0 or 1).
  • the meter reading table of the power distribution station area is firstly carried out by using the broadband carrier mode. After one round of meter reading is completed, the meter that has not successfully read the meter is counted, and the data is not returned after a meter reading command is issued. Or return data error is unsuccessful meter reading, and then use the narrow-band carrier communication method to copy the meter that has not successfully read the meter until the success rate is 100%.
  • the BPLC processor uses the QCA7000 chip of Qualcomm, a broadband power line carrier chip.
  • the coupling transformer in the BPLC coupling circuit requires the transceiver coil to be separated.
  • TX_EN is the transmit enable signal
  • DAC_OUT is the carrier output signal
  • TX_OUT is the amplified carrier output signal
  • TX_OUT, DAC_OUT is the wideband carrier processor output signal
  • TX_OUT is the carrier signal output to the coupled circuit.
  • the narrow-band carrier signal transmitting circuit of FIG. 3 is constructed by using discrete components, and the circuit outputs the signal after the processor is outputted through multiple stages of amplification and filtering, and then transmits the signal through the coupling transformer.
  • the carrier signal coupled by the coupling transformer is discriminated by the MC3361, and then demodulated by the RISE3902 chip, and then sent to the wideband carrier chip for processing.
  • the narrowband carrier signal coupling circuit is composed of a safety capacitor and a coupling transformer, and the safety capacitor isolates the 50 Hz alternating current.
  • the carrier signal received from the grid passes through the safety capacitor, is coupled from the primary side of the coupling transformer to the secondary side, and then enters the MC3361 for demodulation.
  • Figure 6 is a narrow-band carrier zero-crossing circuit diagram
  • the zero-crossing circuit is composed of a step-down electron and an optocoupler.
  • the square wave signal is generated by the on/off of the optocoupler, and input to the wideband carrier chip IO for detection.
  • the ZERO is a zero-crossing signal input to the wideband carrier processor, and the wideband carrier chip performs transmission and reception of the narrowband carrier signal according to the level of the signal.
  • the wideband carrier signal transceiving and coupling circuit is composed of a safety capacitor, a coupling transformer, and a multi-stage filter circuit.
  • the safety capacitor filters out the 50 Hz AC power, and the carrier signal sent by the BPLC processor is coupled to the strong through the coupling transformer.
  • the broadband carrier chip received on the power line passes through the safety capacitor, passes through the coupling transformer, and is multi-stage filtered and then input to the broadband carrier processing chip for demodulation.
  • Broadband carrier chip circuit broadband carrier chip embedded ARM9 core, external need to connect program FLASH, crystal and reset circuit.
  • the success rate of the daily meter reading of the pure narrow-band carrier can reach 98% or more!
  • the broadband carrier can achieve 100% success rate of 3-hour meter reading, but the success rate of daily meter reading may be as low as 40% for the area where the buried line exists.
  • pilots in multiple distribution stations can achieve a 100% success rate of meter reading for half an hour, while meeting 100% remote fee control.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种全频带电力线载波通信方法，以BPLC处理器作为用于数据采集的主控制器；具有两条采集通道分别执行基于宽带载波的数据传输和基于窄带传输的数据传输；每条采集通道能单独工作以采集数据；该两条采集通道分别是宽带载波采集通道和窄带载波采集通道；宽带载波采集通道包括BPLC收发电路和BPLC耦合电路；窄带载波采集通道包括窄带载波发送电路、窄带载波接收电路、窄带信号耦合电路以及过零电路；该全频带电力线载波通信方法能显著提高抄表的成功率，且抄表效率高。

Description

一种全频带电力线载波通信方法 技术领域
本发明特别涉及一种全频带电力线载波通信方法，用于计量表的数据抄录。
背景技术
国内从1996年开始，有部分厂家开始研究电力线载波通信用于电力线抄表，到2006年开发，关注电力线载波通信的公司迅速增多，但是大部分为使用通用单片机，在单片机内部开发软件实现电力线载波的调制和解调，这种方式开发出的载波通信方式称之为窄带载波，因为其通信带宽从3K-50KHz不等，带宽较窄，且通信速率从50bps-5.4kbps不等，但是因为其受电网的干扰比较大，点对点成功率不高，特别是在电网用电高峰期，基本无法抄收数据，所以居民用户的电表抄读都选择在每天的凌晨0点开始。
随着国家建设坚强智能电网的号召，这种通信方式由于通信速率低，无法承载更大的数据收发，市场需要一种更快速度，更高成功率的通信技术，国际的高通、mstar，国内的华为海思相继推荐了基于国际标准Homeplug的宽带电力线载波通信芯片，其通信的频率范围为2MHz-30MHz，最高通信速率能达到1Gbps，已经广泛应用于家庭上网的电力猫上，因为宽带载波通信频率高，信号在电力线上衰减快，同时在电力线为地埋线时，通信距离非常短，只适合在家庭内部使用。为了将该技术应用到电力线载波抄表上，将宽带载波的通信速率降低到10Mbps，在极端的环境下，通信速率可以降低到3Mbps，在点对点通信距离上得到了一定的提升，但是在某些环境比较差的配电台区，特别是全地埋线的情况下，通信成功率非常低，同样无法满足全部情况的抄表需求。
因此，有必要设计一种新的用于抄表的电力线载波通信方法。
 技术问题
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种全频带电力线载波通信方法，该全频带电力线载波通信方法能显著提高抄表的成功率。
技术解决方案
发明的技术解决方案如下：
一种全频带电力线载波通信方法，以BPLC处理器作为用于数据采集的主控制器；具有两条采集通道分别执行基于宽带载波的数据传输和基于窄带传输的数据传输；每条采集通道能单独工作以采集数据；
该两条采集通道分别是宽带载波采集通道和窄带载波采集通道；
BPLC是指宽带电力线载波通信；
宽带载波采集通道包括BPLC收发电路和BPLC耦合电路；BPLC收发电路的一侧与BPLC处理器的宽带收发端口相连 ，BPLC收发电路的另一侧通过BPLC耦合电路与电力线连接；
窄带载波采集通道包括窄带载波发送电路、窄带载波接收电路、窄带信号耦合电路以及过零电路；
窄带载波发送电路和窄带载波接收电路均设置在窄带信号耦合电路与BPLC处理器之间；窄带信号耦合电路与电力线连接；窄带载波发送电路和窄带载波接收电路与BPLC处理器的引脚相连；这里的引脚包括普通的通用IO引脚，IO引脚可以作为使能信号输出端，引脚也可以是DAC引脚（即BPLC处理器内部集成的DAC的输出端），通过DAC引脚能模拟正弦波的输出；DAC引脚是指数字转模拟信号引脚；
过零电路的输入端接电力线，过零电路的输出端接BPLC处理器的IO端口；
由BPLC处理器产生窄带载波调制信号发送给窄带载波发送电路，并对窄带载波接收电路接收的窄带载波信号先在窄带载波的接收电路（MC3361）中进行鉴频，再输入到BPLC处理器进行解调，从而实现窄带载波通信。
BPLC收发电路中的发送电路采用通用PA芯片（PA芯片采用ISL1571），接收电路采用电阻、电容和电感组成的多级滤波电路。
窄带载波采用BFSK调制方式，通信速率50bps-600bps，采用扩频通信方式，采用80位的扩频因子。
窄带载波的接收电路采用MC3361芯片，负责接收调频信号的鉴频。
针对窄带载波通信， 由宽带载波处理器产生两种不同频率的正弦波信号：M0（如138kHz）和M1（如126kHz），两个信号频率差为不超过15KHz，每次发送M0或M1的时间设为τ（这个时间是指M0或M1持续的时间），（τ≤10微秒），通过过零电路获取到220V正弦交流电的过零点，在过零点前后时间t（t≤4毫秒）里进行数据的收发，每个过零点发送1bit有效数据（有效数据是指一个0或1）。
先采用宽带载波方式进行配电台区的电表抄表，一轮抄表完成后，统计未成功抄表的电表，抄表命令下发后一定时间未返回数据或返回数据错误即为未成功抄表，再采用窄带载波通信方式对未成功抄表的电表进行补抄，直到成功率为100%。
BPLC处理器采用宽带电力线载波芯片高通的QCA7000型芯片。
BPLC耦合电路中的耦合变压器要求收发线圈分开，原边匝数：发送线圈匝数：接收线圈匝数之比为4:1:5。
 有益效果
基于该宽带载波处理器，通过通用IO脚外接窄带载波通信的接收和发送数据，发送电路采用分立元器件搭接，接收电路采用通用的FSK鉴频芯片，同时增加宽带载波芯片的信号耦合电路；
宽带载波发送电路采用外置PA方式，PA芯片采用ISL1571，接收电路为电阻、电容和电感组成的多级滤波电路，耦合变压器要求收发线圈分开，匝数比为4:1:5（原边匝数：发送匝数：接收匝数）。
窄带载波采用BFSK调制方式，通信速率50bps-600bps，采用扩频通信方式，采用80位的扩频因子，这种技术可以极大提高其抗干扰能力，同时提升其点对点通信距离，特别在地埋线情况下，相对宽带载波通信方式，其通信距离有极大提升。窄带载波的接收和解调芯片采用MC3361，发送采用分立器件搭建，一方面可以提升性能，另一方面可以降低整个通信系统成本。
本通信系统的窄带载波的调制和解调在宽带载波芯片的ARM9中采用软件实现，用软件（内部程序）的方式产生两种不同频率的正弦波信号（采用内部程序模拟正弦波信号为现有成熟技术），其中频率高的信号记为M0（如138kHz），频率低的信号记为M1（如126kHz），两个信号频率差为不超过15KHz，为该窄带通信系统带宽，每次发送M0或M1的时间设为τ，一般不超过10微秒，通过过零电路获取到220V正弦交流电的过零点，在过零点前后一定时间t（不超过4毫秒）里进行数据的收发，每个过零点发送1bit。
本通信系统在数据抄读时，先采用宽带载波方式进行配电台区的电表抄表，一轮抄完后，统计未成功抄表的电表，抄表命令下发后一定时间未返回数据或返回数据错误即为未成功抄表，再采用窄带载波通信方式进行补抄，直到成功率为100%。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：
本发明的全频带电力线载波通信方法，结合了窄带载波通信距离远、信号衰减慢点对点通信距离的优点，同时也结合了宽带载波通信的速率快等优点，能完美解决全部台区的抄表需求，显著提高抄表的成功率，试验表明能使全部台区半小时抄表成功率达到100%，能满足用电信息采集系统的成功率和高效率的需求。
另外，本方案的实施成本低，在原有宽带载波芯片的基础上增加窄带通信电路，而且通过原有宽带载波芯片模拟窄带载波通信的调制和解调，易于实施，构思巧妙，而效果特别突出，是本发明的关键点所在。
宽带电力线载波处理器内置了宽带载波的调制和解调器，采用ARM9内核，运行linux嵌入式操作系统，采用OFDM的调制方式，通信频率2-12MHz，物理层最大通信速率达10Mbps，该宽带载波通信芯片外加的宽带载波收发电路、信号耦合电路保持不变，实现宽带电力线载波通信。本发明存在以下优点：
1、实现了宽带载波通信和窄带载波通信的互补 ，相比窄带载波，极大提升了通信速率，满足智能电网需求，相比宽带载波，极大提升了点对点通信距离，特别是地埋线下的通信距离。
2、实现了在宽带载波芯片中使用软件方式实现了窄带载波的调制与解调，窄带载波通信的通信指标可以更加现场的情况灵活配置。
 附图说明
图1 为全频带电力线载波通信方法的总体架构图；
图2为数据抄读流程图；
图3为窄带载波信号发送电路图；
图4为窄带载波接收电路图；
图5为窄带载波耦合电路图；
图6为窄带载波过零电路图；
图7为宽带载波信号收发和耦合电路。
 本发明的实施方式
为了便于理解本发明，下文将结合说明书附图和较佳的实施例对本文发明做更全面、细致地描述，但本发明的保护范围并不限于一下具体实施例。
除非另有定义，下文中所使用的所有专业术语与本领域技术人员通常理解含义相同。本文中所使用的专业术语只是为了描述具体实施例的目的，并不是旨在限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例：
如图1，一种全频带电力线载波通信方法，以BPLC处理器作为用于数据采集的主控制器；具有两条采集通道分别执行基于宽带载波的数据传输和基于窄带传输的数据传输；每条采集通道能单独工作以采集数据；
该两条采集通道分别是宽带载波采集通道和窄带载波采集通道；
BPLC是指宽带电力线载波通信；
宽带载波采集通道包括BPLC收发电路和BPLC耦合电路；BPLC收发电路的一侧与BPLC处理器的宽带收发端口相连 ，BPLC收发电路的另一侧通过BPLC耦合电路与电力线连接；
窄带载波采集通道包括窄带载波发送电路、窄带载波接收电路、窄带信号耦合电路以及过零电路；
窄带载波发送电路和窄带载波接收电路均设置在窄带信号耦合电路与BPLC处理器之间；窄带信号耦合电路与电力线连接；窄带载波发送电路和窄带载波接收电路与BPLC处理器的引脚相连；这里的引脚包括普通的通用IO引脚，IO引脚可以作为使能信号输出端，引脚也可以是DAC引脚（即BPLC处理器内部集成的DAC的输出端），通过DAC引脚能模拟正弦波的输出；
过零电路的输入端接电力线，过零电路的输出端接BPLC处理器的IO端口；
由BPLC处理器产生窄带载波调制信号发送给窄带载波发送电路，并对窄带载波接收电路接收的窄带载波信号先在窄带载波的接收电路（MC3361）中进行鉴频，再输入到BPLC处理器进行解调，从而实现窄带载波通信。
BPLC收发电路中的发送电路采用通用PA芯片（PA芯片采用ISL1571），接收电路采用电阻、电容和电感组成的多级滤波电路。
窄带载波采用BFSK调制方式，通信速率50bps-600bps，采用扩频通信方式，采用80位的扩频因子。
窄带载波的接收电路采用MC3361芯片，负责接收调频信号的鉴频。
针对窄带载波通信， 由宽带载波处理器产生两种不同频率的正弦波信号：M0（如138kHz）和M1（如126kHz），两个信号频率差为不超过15KHz，每次发送M0或M1的时间设为τ（这个时间是指M0或M1持续的时间），（τ≤10微秒），通过过零电路获取到220V正弦交流电的过零点，在过零点前后时间t（t≤4毫秒）里进行数据的收发，每个过零点发送1bit有效数据（有效数据是指一个0或1）。
参见图2，进行抄表时，先采用宽带载波方式进行配电台区的电表抄表，一轮抄表完成后，统计未成功抄表的电表，抄表命令下发后一定时间未返回数据或返回数据错误即为未成功抄表，再采用窄带载波通信方式对未成功抄表的电表进行补抄，直到成功率为100%。
BPLC处理器采用宽带电力线载波芯片高通的QCA7000型芯片。
BPLC耦合电路中的耦合变压器要求收发线圈分开，原边匝数：发送线圈匝数：接收线圈匝数之比为4:1:5。
图3中， TX_EN为发送使能信号,DAC_OUT为载波输出信号，TX_OUT为经放大后的载波输出信号，其中TX_OUT,DAC_OUT为宽带载波处理器输出信号，TX_OUT为输出到耦合电路的载波信号。图3的窄带载波信号发送电路采用分立元器件搭建，电路将处理器是输出的信号经过多级放大和滤波后，再通过耦合变压器将信号发射出去。
针对图4， 通过耦合变压器耦合来的载波信号，由MC3361进行鉴频后，到RISE3902芯片进行解调，再送入宽带载波芯片处理。
图5中， 窄带载波信号耦合电路由安规电容、耦合变压器组成，安规电容将50Hz的交流电进行隔离。从电网中接收到的载波信号通过安规电容，从耦合变压器原边耦合到副边，然后进入MC3361进行解调。
图6为窄带载波过零电路图， 过零电路由降压电子和光耦组成，利用光耦的通断产生方波信号，输入到宽带载波芯片IO脚进行检测。其中ZERO为输入到宽带载波处理器的过零信号，宽带载波芯片根据该信号的电平来进行窄带载波信号的收发。
如图7，宽带载波信号收发和耦合电路由安规电容、耦合变压器，多级滤波电路组成，安规电容滤除掉50Hz的交流电，由BPLC处理器发送出来的载波信号通过耦合变压器耦合到强电线路上，电力线上接收到的宽带载波芯片通过安规电容后，通过耦合变压器后，经过多级滤波后输入到宽带载波处理芯片内部解调。
宽带载波芯片电路，宽带载波芯片内嵌ARM9内核，外部需要接程序FLASH，晶体和复位电路等。
应用效果说明：
目前在台区线路比较好的情况下，纯窄带载波的日抄表成功率能达到98%以上！宽带载波能做到3小时抄表成功率100%，但是对存在地埋线的台区，日抄表成功率可能低到40%。
通过实施本方案，在多个配电台区进行试点，均能做到半个小时抄表成功率100%，同时满足100%远程费控。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种全频带电力线载波通信方法，其特征在于，以BPLC处理器作为用于数据采集的主控制器；具有两条采集通道分别执行基于宽带载波的数据传输和基于窄带传输的数据传输；每条采集通道能单独工作以采集数据；
    该两条采集通道分别是宽带载波采集通道和窄带载波采集通道；
    BPLC是指宽带电力线载波通信；
    宽带载波采集通道包括BPLC收发电路和BPLC耦合电路；BPLC收发电路的一侧与BPLC处理器的宽带收发端口相连 ，BPLC收发电路的另一侧通过BPLC耦合电路与电力线连接；
    窄带载波采集通道包括窄带载波发送电路、窄带载波接收电路、窄带信号耦合电路以及过零电路；
    过零电路的输入端接电力线，过零电路的输出端接BPLC处理器的IO端口；
    由BPLC处理器产生窄带载波调制信号发送给窄带载波发送电路，并对窄带载波接收电路接收的窄带载波信号先在窄带载波的接收电路中进行鉴频，再输入到BPLC处理器进行解调。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的全频带电力线载波通信方法，其特征在于，BPLC收发电路中的发送电路采用通用PA芯片，接收电路采用电阻、电容和电感组成的多级滤波电路。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的全频带电力线载波通信方法，其特征在于，窄带载波采用BFSK调制方式，通信速率50bps-600bps，采用扩频通信方式。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的全频带电力线载波通信方法，其特征在于，窄带载波的接收电路采用MC3361芯片，负责接收调频信号的鉴频。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的全频带电力线载波通信方法，其特征在于，针对窄带载波通信， 由宽带载波处理器产生两种不同频率的正弦波信号：M0和M1，两个信号频率差为不超过15KHz，每次发送M0或M1的时间设为τ，通过过零电路获取到220V正弦交流电的过零点，在过零点前后时间t里进行数据的收发，每个过零点发送1bit有效数据。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的全频带电力线载波通信方法，其特征在于，先采用宽带载波方式进行配电台区的电表抄表，一轮抄表完成后，统计未成功抄表的电表，再采用窄带载波通信方式对未成功抄表的电表进行补抄。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的全频带电力线载波通信方法，其特征在于，BPLC处理器采用宽带电力线载波芯片高通的QCA7000型芯片。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的全频带电力线载波通信方法，其特征在于，BPLC耦合电路中的耦合变压器要求收发线圈分开，原边匝数：发送线圈匝数：接收线圈匝数之比为4:1:5。
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