WO2017156824A1 - 一种褐煤半焦贫氧燃烧锅炉 - Google Patents

一种褐煤半焦贫氧燃烧锅炉 Download PDF

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WO2017156824A1
WO2017156824A1 PCT/CN2016/080062 CN2016080062W WO2017156824A1 WO 2017156824 A1 WO2017156824 A1 WO 2017156824A1 CN 2016080062 W CN2016080062 W CN 2016080062W WO 2017156824 A1 WO2017156824 A1 WO 2017156824A1
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cyclone
combustion
coke
combustion chamber
cylinder
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PCT/CN2016/080062
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘银河
车得福
张勇
张玉斌
杨天亮
李庚达
刘汉强
郭桦
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西安交通大学
烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司
国电新能源技术研究院
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Publication of WO2017156824A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017156824A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/02—Installation of water-tube boilers in chimneys, e.g. in converter chimneys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/02—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of boilers, in particular to a lignite semi-coke lean oxygen combustion boiler.
  • Lignite is a kind of low-rank coal. China and the world have huge reserves. However, lignite has high water content, high volatile content, easy to spontaneous combustion, and is not conducive to transportation, which restricts the large-scale utilization of lignite. The upgrading of lignite and the comprehensive utilization of grading and grading are of great significance for the development of lignite.
  • lignite semi-coke is a better fuel due to the decrease of volatile matter, water loss and heat generation.
  • the high-efficiency and low-pollution utilization of lignite semi-coke plays an important role in the comprehensive energy efficiency improvement of lignite classification and utilization.
  • Lignite semi-coke can be used to make gas from gasifier raw materials, and can also be used for direct combustion of boiler fuel to produce thermal energy. Among them, the direct combustion of the boiler to heat the working fluid to produce hot water or steam is the most direct use. However, due to the significant reduction of lignite semi-coke volatiles, its ignition performance is affected. It is essential to develop a boiler that burns brown coal and semi-coke with stable combustion performance and low pollutant emissions.
  • the pulverized coal furnace is the most important combustion method for power station boilers.
  • Cyclone combustion is a stable and controllable high-speed rotating flame of artificial tissue.
  • the combustion flame is highly full and the disturbance ability is extremely strong. It is suitable for the combustion process of powder and crumbly solid fuel, which is higher than the general room combustion mode.
  • Thermal strength Since the solid fuel has a certain amount of accumulation in the combustion chamber, it has a relatively long residence time in the cyclone furnace, which helps to maintain the continuity of the combustion process.
  • the hot slag film accumulates a certain amount of heat and is an extremely stable combustion bed that maintains the stability of the combustion process.
  • Cyclone combustion has high combustion intensity, high slag rejection rate, and combustion Stability and other advantages, but due to iron precipitation, hydrogen explosion, slagging difficulties and high emissions of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, its application is limited.
  • coal-fired power plants undertake important power peak-shaving tasks, requiring power station boilers to operate stably and efficiently over a wide range of loads.
  • Existing power station boilers often have a contradiction between the high efficiency of combustion stability and the low load operation of the boiler. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a new combustion boiler that can achieve high efficiency and low pollution combustion as well as large load regulation.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a lignite semi-coke lean oxygen combustion boiler, which solves the problems of low combustion intensity, narrow load regulation range and excessive pollutant discharge of the existing pulverized coal fired boiler; the boiler of the invention has high combustion intensity and slag collection High rate, low pollutant emission, wide range of load regulation and so on.
  • a lignite semi-coke lean oxygen combustion boiler comprises a plurality of cyclone anaerobic combustion devices and a boiler body; the boiler body comprises a second combustion chamber, a boiler heating surface arranged at the upper portion of the second combustion chamber, and a smoke exhausting port; It is an inverted adiabatic cyclone with a central cylinder; the cyclone lean oxygen combustion device is connected to the second combustion chamber of the boiler body.
  • the cyclone lean oxygen combustion device comprises a cyclone cylinder, a central cylinder, a flue gas duct and a secondary air cyclone; the lower side wall of the cyclone cylinder is provided with a primary air outlet; the bottom center of the cyclone cylinder is provided with a through hole, the center The cylinder passes through the through hole at the bottom of the cyclone cylinder and protrudes into the interior of the cyclone cylinder.
  • the top of the central cylinder is a through hole and is spaced apart from the inner wall of the top of the cyclone cylinder.
  • the central cylinder is sealed with the joint of the cyclone cylinder; the inside of the cyclone cylinder is located below the primary air outlet.
  • the bottom of the molten slag pool is provided with a first discharge slag port; the bottom of the central cylinder is provided with a second discharge slag port, one end of the flue gas duct is vertically connected to the central cylinder, and the other end is connected to the second combustion chamber.
  • a secondary air cyclone for feeding the supplemental secondary air is provided at the inlet of the flue gas duct and the second combustion chamber.
  • the primary air outlet is inclined downwardly.
  • each of the side walls of the cyclone is provided with two primary air ports for forming a cyclone in the cyclone.
  • the boiler is heated by a tower arrangement.
  • the lignite semi-coke powder enters the annular space between the central cylinder and the cyclone from the primary air outlet of the lower part of the cyclone in the tangential or tangential direction by the primary air, and forms a high-temperature combustion gasification zone in the lower part of the annular space.
  • This area keeps the excess air coefficient less than 1, and maintains the reaction as an oxygen-poor combustion atmosphere; the generated flue gas is strongly rotated in the cyclone to remove the liquid slag, and then the flue gas enters the flue gas duct between the second combustion chamber and the cyclone.
  • the combustion chamber supplements part of the secondary air when entering the second combustion chamber, and rotates the jet into the second combustion chamber; the flue gas is fully combusted in the second combustion chamber and further exothermic, and then the high-temperature flue gas is generated to pass through the tower-arranged boilers respectively.
  • the heat receiving surface completes the heat transfer, and the flue gas is lowered to the exhaust gas temperature and discharged from the exhaust port.
  • center cylinder and the cyclone cylinder are made of silicon nitride material, and the cyclone combustion chamber formed between the center cylinder and the cyclone cylinder is an adiabatic combustion chamber.
  • the combustion performed in the secondary combustion chamber is homogeneous combustion, and the excess air ratio is 1.05 to 1.1.
  • the temperature of the reaction zone above the molten slag pool is 100 to 200 ° C higher than the ash fusion temperature.
  • cyclone anaerobic combustion device is plural and evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the boiler.
  • the cyclone is burned by molten oxygen, which converts most of the fuel nitrogen into nitrogen, and uses the staged air combustion in the second combustion chamber to reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides.
  • molten slag in the cyclone chamber space to form a slag pool.
  • the molten ash in the slag pool catalyzes and provides a heat source for the coking combustion of the residual coke, maintains the stability of combustion, and improves carbon. Conversion rate.
  • Each cyclone has two symmetrically arranged primary air inlets to form a strong swirling airflow in the cyclone cylinder; above the bottom of the cyclone cylinder is a molten slag pool with a certain depth, and the large particles of coal briquettes are rapidly heated in the slag slag pool. Solution and gasification, to achieve high carbon conversion rate; slag discharge hole is opened under the slag pool, the temperature in the cyclone cylinder is maintained above the ash melting temperature, and smooth liquid slagging can be achieved.
  • the gasification combustion in the slag pool is mainly an exothermic reaction of carbon and oxygen, so that the local high temperature is maintained at the slag pool, which is beneficial to increase the combustion intensity and improve the fluidity of the molten slag.
  • the strong swirling airflow in the combustion chamber of the cyclone cylinder separates the coke from the wall surface to realize the separation of the molten droplets and the flue gas, improves the slag-removing rate, greatly reduces the contamination of the heated surface of the subsequent tower boiler and subsequent Dust burden.
  • a second slag separation chamber is arranged in the lower part of the central pipe between the cyclone and the second combustion chamber, and the separated liquid slag is captured into the slag pool in the future, thereby further reducing the fly ash content in the flue gas to realize the liquid slag. Separate from the gas product as much as possible.
  • the secondary air with a rotating jet at the inlet of the second combustion chamber maintains the overall excess air coefficient at a lower level, and the secondary combustion in the second combustion chamber is mainly homogeneous combustion, which reduces the formation of nitrogen oxides.
  • the cyclone cylinder, the central cylinder and the adiabatic duct are all made of silicon nitride material, which improves the thermal shock resistance of the equipment.
  • a boiler can be equipped with multiple cyclone anaerobic combustion equipment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a lignite semi-coke lean oxygen combustion boiler according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of Figure 1.
  • a lignite semi-coke lean oxygen combustion boiler comprises a plurality of cyclone lean oxygen combustion devices and a boiler body, and the two are arranged in a satellite shape.
  • the bottom of the boiler body is a second combustion chamber 5, the upper part of the second combustion chamber 5 is a boiler heating surface 3 arranged in a tower, and the exhaust surface 4 of the boiler heating surface 3 is provided with a smoke exhausting port 4.
  • the cyclone lean oxygen combustion device includes a cyclone cylinder 1, a center cylinder 2, a flue gas duct 7 and a secondary air cyclone 6.
  • the lower side wall of the cyclone cylinder 1 is provided with a primary air outlet 11 , and the primary air outlet 11 is slightly inclined downward; and each of the side walls of the cyclone cylinder 1 is provided with two primary air outlets 11 for forming a cyclone in the cyclone cylinder 1 .
  • the center of the bottom of the cyclone cylinder 1 is provided with a through hole, and the center cylinder 2 is rotated through the center.
  • the through hole at the bottom of the air cylinder 1 extends into the interior of the cyclone cylinder 1.
  • the top of the central cylinder 2 is a through hole and is spaced apart from the inner wall of the top of the cyclone cylinder 1, and the central cylinder 2 is sealed at the junction with the cyclone cylinder 1.
  • a molten slag pool 10 is disposed below the primary tuyere 11 in the cyclone cylinder 1, and a first discharge port 9 is provided at the bottom of the molten slag pool 10.
  • the bottom of the central cylinder 2 is provided with a second discharge port 8 , one end of which is vertically connected to the central cylinder 2 , the other end is connected to the second combustion chamber 5 , and the secondary air is provided at the entrance of the flue gas duct 7 and the second combustion chamber 5 .
  • the cyclone 6 is used to feed the secondary air of the supplementary combustion.
  • the lignite semi-coke powder is sent from the primary air and the recirculated flue gas from the slightly downwardly inclined primary tuyere 11 to the annular region above the molten slag pool 10 in the cyclone cylinder 1, the lignite coke in the intense high temperature slag Rapid pyrolysis and combustion under heating, the excess air ratio of the primary air is maintained in the range of less than 1.
  • the small particles are rapidly burned under the action of the air current. Due to the strong turbulent combustion, the ash molten droplets of the small particles merge and grow up and smash into the wall of the cyclone cylinder 1 under the action of centrifugal force, and flow into the molten slag pool under the action of gravity.
  • the residence time after 10 is significantly increased, increasing the carbon burnout rate.
  • the temperature of the reaction zone above the molten slag pool 10 is controlled by adjusting the excess air ratio and the recycled flue gas rate, and maintaining the temperature higher than the ash melting temperature by 100 to 200 °C.
  • the molten slag pool 10 has a large heat capacity and can quickly complete the gasification combustion of the residual coke.
  • the stability of the slag pool temperature and the slag flowability are ensured, and the excess slag is discharged from the first slag discharge port 9.
  • the generated gaseous product completes the gas-liquid separation from the slag, and the gas is sent from the folded-back zone of the upper portion of the cyclone cylinder 1 down the center cylinder 2 and through the flue gas duct 7 to the second combustion chamber 5.
  • the secondary air of the supplemental combustion is sent through the secondary air nozzle 6, and the complete combustion is completed in the second combustion chamber 5 with a small excess air ratio of 1.05 to 1.1.
  • the high-temperature flue gas generated after complete combustion passes from the second combustion chamber 5 upward, sequentially passes through the heating surface 3 of each boiler, and the heat exchange temperature of the flue gas and the boiler heating surface 3 is lowered to a certain temperature, and is discharged from the exhaust port 4 to the boiler, and the system is simultaneously set.
  • the flue gas recirculation fan introduces a certain amount of exhaust gas into the primary tuyere 11.
  • each boiler body can be equipped with a plurality of cyclone-poor combustion devices, and each of the cyclone-poor combustion devices can be operated separately, thereby increasing the load regulation ratio of the lignite semi-coke lean-oxygen combustion boiler.

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Abstract

一种褐煤半焦贫氧燃烧锅炉，包括若干旋风筒贫氧燃烧装置和锅炉本体；锅炉本体包括二燃室（5）、设置于二燃室（5）上部的锅炉受热面（3）和排烟口（4）；旋风筒贫氧燃烧装置为一个倒置的带有中心筒（2）的绝热旋风分离器；旋风筒贫氧燃烧装置连接锅炉本体的二燃室（5）。该褐煤半焦贫氧燃烧锅炉燃烧强度高、捕渣率高、污染物排放低、负荷调节范围广。

Description

一种褐煤半焦贫氧燃烧锅炉 技术领域
本发明涉及锅炉技术领域，特别涉及一种褐煤半焦贫氧燃烧锅炉。
背景技术
褐煤是一种低阶煤，我国和世界的储量巨大，但褐煤的含水量高，挥发分高，易于自燃，不利于运输，制约了褐煤的大规模利用。将褐煤提质，分级分质综合利用，对于褐煤的开发具有重要意义。
在褐煤利用领域，中低温热解技术是一种较有发展前途的褐煤分级分质利用技术。热解固体产物褐煤半焦由于挥发分减少，水分减少，发热量提高，是一种较好的燃料，褐煤半焦的高效低污染利用对于褐煤分级分质利用综合能效提高具有举足轻重的作用。
褐煤半焦可用于气化炉原料制造煤气，也可以用于锅炉燃料直接燃烧生产热能。其中用于锅炉直接燃烧加热工质生产热水或蒸汽是最直接的利用方法。但由于褐煤半焦挥发分的显著减少，其着火性能受到影响。开发一种燃烧性能稳定，污染物排放低的燃褐煤半焦的锅炉至关重要。
当前，固体燃料煤和煤焦的主要燃烧方式有三种：层燃炉、流化床炉和煤粉炉。煤粉炉是电站锅炉的最主要燃烧方式。
还有一种燃烧方式旋风燃烧也曾得到较多的应用。旋风燃烧是人为组织的一种稳定可控的高速旋转火焰，燃烧火焰充满度较高，扰动能力极其强烈，适用于粉、屑状固体燃料的燃烧过程，比一般的室燃方式具有更高的热强度。由于固体燃料在燃烧室中存在一定的积蓄量，在旋风炉中具有相当长的滞留时间，有助于维持燃烧过程的连续性。灼热的熔渣膜蓄积一定的热量，是极稳定的燃烧床，可以维持燃烧过程的稳定性。旋风燃烧具有燃烧强度高、捕渣率高、燃烧 稳定等优点，但由于析铁、氢爆、排渣困难以及污染物如氮氧化物排放高等问题，其应用受到一定的限制。
在节能减排的大背景下，燃煤电厂承担着重要的电力调峰任务，要求电站锅炉能够在宽广的负荷范围内稳定高效运行。现有电站锅炉通常存在燃烧的稳定性高效性和锅炉的低负荷运行之间的矛盾。因此，有必要提出一种新的燃烧锅炉，既能实现高效低污染燃烧，也能够实现较大的负荷调节性。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种褐煤半焦贫氧燃烧锅炉，以解决现有煤粉炉锅炉燃烧强度低、负荷调节范围窄、污染物排放超标的问题；本发明锅炉具有燃烧强度高、捕渣率高、污染物排放低、负荷调节范围广等优点。
为达到以上目的，本发明是采取如下技术方案予以实现的：
一种褐煤半焦贫氧燃烧锅炉，包括若干旋风筒贫氧燃烧装置和锅炉本体；锅炉本体包括二燃室、设置于二燃室上部的锅炉受热面和排烟口；旋风筒贫氧燃烧装置为一个倒置的带有中心筒的绝热旋风分离器；所述旋风筒贫氧燃烧装置连接锅炉本体的二燃室。
进一步的，旋风筒贫氧燃烧装置包括旋风筒、中心筒、烟气导管和二次风旋流器；旋风筒的下部侧壁上设有一次风口；旋风筒的底部中心开有通孔，中心筒穿过旋风筒底部的通孔伸入旋风筒内部，中心筒顶部为通孔且与旋风筒顶部内壁间隔设置，中心筒与旋风筒连接处密封；旋风筒内位于一次风口的下方设有熔融渣池，熔融渣池的底部设有第一排渣口；中心筒的底部设有第二排渣口，烟气导管一端垂直连接中心筒，另一端连接二燃室。
进一步的，在烟气导管与二燃室的入口处设有用于送入补燃二次风的二次风旋流器。
进一步的，一次风口向下倾斜设置。
进一步的，每个旋风筒侧壁上设有两个用于在旋风筒中形成旋风的一次风口。
进一步的，锅炉受热面塔式布置。
进一步的，褐煤半焦粉在一次空气作用下沿切向或割向从旋风筒下部一次风口进入中心筒和旋风筒之间的环形空间，在环形空间的下部形成为高温燃烧气化区，在这个区域保持过量空气系数小于1，维持反应为贫氧燃烧氛围；生成烟气在旋风筒内强烈旋转脱除液态熔渣，然后烟气通过二燃室与旋风筒之间的烟气导管进入二燃室，在进入二燃室时补充部分二次空气，以旋转射流进入二燃室；烟气在二燃室内充分燃烧并进一步放热，然后生成高温烟气上行分别通过塔式布置的锅炉各个受热面，完成传热，将烟气降低至排烟温度后从排烟口排出。
进一步的，中心筒和旋风筒由氮化硅材料制成，中心筒和旋风筒之间形成的旋风燃烧室为绝热燃烧室。
进一步的，二燃室内进行的燃烧为均相燃烧，过量空气系数为1.05～1.1。
进一步的，熔融渣池上方反应区的温度比灰熔融温度高100～200℃。
进一步的，旋风筒贫氧燃烧装置为多个且均匀分布于锅炉本体外周。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点是：
1、旋风筒内采用熔融贫氧燃烧，将大部分燃料氮转化为氮气，在二燃室采用分级空气燃烧，降低了氮氧化物的排放。
2、旋风筒环室空间内有较多的熔融渣形成渣池，渣池中的熔融灰分对残焦的气化燃烧起到催化和提供热源的作用，维持了燃烧的稳定性，提高了碳的转化率。每个旋风筒有2个对称布置的一次风进口，在旋风筒内形成强旋转气流；在旋风筒底部上方是有一定深度的熔融渣池，大颗粒的煤屑在熔渣渣池中快速热解和气化，实现高碳转化率；渣池下面开有排渣孔，旋风筒里的温度维持在灰熔融温度以上，可实现顺利液态排渣。
3、渣池里的气化燃烧主要为碳氧放热反应，使得渣池处维持局部高温，有利于提高燃烧强度和提高熔融渣的流动性。
4、旋风筒燃烧室里的强烈旋转气流，将焦渣甩到壁面而实现熔融液滴与烟气的分离，提高了补渣率，大大减轻了后续塔式锅炉受热面的沾污和后续的除尘负担。
5、在旋风筒和二燃室之间的中心管下部设有第二熔渣分离室，未来得及分离的液态渣进入这个渣池被捕捉，进一步减少了烟气中的飞灰份额实现液态渣与气体产物的尽可能分离。
6、在二燃室进口设有旋转射流的补充二次风，维持整体过量空气系数在较低的水平，在二燃室进行的主要是均相燃烧，降低了氮氧化物的生成。
7、旋风筒、中心筒和绝热导管均采用氮化硅材料，提高了设备的耐热震性能。
8、一台锅炉可以配多个旋风筒贫氧燃烧设备。
附图说明
以下结合附图及具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细描述。
图1为本发明一种褐煤半焦贫氧燃烧锅炉的结构示意图；
图2为图1的俯视图。
图中：1、旋风筒；2、中心筒；3、锅炉受热面；4、排烟口；5、二燃室；6、二次风旋流器；7、烟气导管；8、第二排渣口；9、第一排渣口；10、熔融渣池；11、一次风口。
具体实施方式
请参阅图1所示，本发明一种褐煤半焦贫氧燃烧锅炉，包括若干旋风筒贫氧燃烧装置和锅炉本体，两者卫星型布置。
锅炉本体的底部为二燃室5，二燃室5上部为塔式布置的锅炉受热面3，锅炉受热面3顶部设有排烟口4。
旋风筒贫氧燃烧装置包括旋风筒1、中心筒2、烟气导管7和二次风旋流器6。旋风筒1的下部侧壁上设有一次风口11，一次风口11微向下倾斜设置；每个旋风筒1侧壁上设有两个用于在旋风筒1中形成旋风的一次风口11。旋风筒1的底部中心开有通孔，中心筒2穿过旋 风筒1底部的通孔伸入旋风筒1内部，中心筒2顶部为通孔且与旋风筒1顶部内壁间隔设置，中心筒2与旋风筒1连接处密封。旋风筒1内位于一次风口11的下方设有熔融渣池10，熔融渣池10的底部设有第一排渣口9。中心筒2的底部设有第二排渣口8，烟气导管7一端垂直连接中心筒2，另一端连接二燃室5，在烟气导管7与二燃室5的入口处设有次风旋流器6，用于送入补燃的二次风。
为了实现贫氧燃烧，褐煤半焦粉由一次空气和再循环烟气由微向下倾斜的一次风口11送入旋风筒1中熔融渣池10上方的环形区域，褐煤焦在强烈的高温熔渣加热作用下迅速热解并燃烧，一次空气的过量空气系数维持在小于1的范围内。小颗粒在气流的作用下迅速燃烧，由于强烈的湍流燃动，小颗粒的灰熔融液滴合并长大并在离心力的作用下甩到旋风筒1壁面上，在重力的作用下流入熔融渣池10，而大颗粒的焦粉也在离心力的作用下黏附在熔融渣膜上，在重力作用下缓慢流入熔融渣池10，残焦的颗粒边流动边发生气化和燃烧反应，流入熔融渣池10后停留时间显著增加，提高了碳的燃尽率。熔融渣池10上方反应区的温度采用调整过量空气系数和再循环烟气率控制，维持比灰熔融温度高100～200℃。熔融渣池10有较大的热容量，可以迅速完成残焦的气化燃烧。由于熔融渣池10内有一层熔渣，可保证渣池温度的稳定性和熔渣流动性，多余的熔渣由第一排渣口9排出。在环型反应区，生成的气体产物完成与熔渣的气液分离，气体从旋风筒1上部的折返区沿中心筒2向下并经过烟气导管7送入二燃室5。在烟气导管7与二燃室5的入口处通过二次风喷口6送入补燃的二次风，在二燃室5里面以1.05～1.1的小过量空气系数完成完全燃烧。完全燃烧后生成的高温烟气从二燃室5向上，依次通过各锅炉受热面3，烟气与锅炉受热面3换热温度降低至一定的温度从排烟口4排出锅炉，系统中同时设置烟气再循环风机将一定量的排烟引入一次风口11。
本发明褐煤半焦贫氧燃烧锅炉的结构与工艺特点是：
在由氮化硅制成的绝热高温旋风筒1与中心筒2形成的环形通道内，所通入的过量空气系 数低于1，形成贫氧燃烧条件，同时在这个区域有较厚的熔融渣池10，残焦完成熔融燃烧，生成的烟气中含有较多的可燃气体。熔融渣池的温度较高，有利于残碳的完全转化，同时使排渣顺利。倒置的旋风筒使得熔渣与气体产物实现最大程度的分离。同时由于高温贫氧燃烧生成的氮氧化物也显著减少。在二燃室中，由于是均相燃烧，可以维持较低的过量空气系数，以减少污染物的生成。该种锅炉的特点是每一个锅炉本体可以配置多个旋风筒贫氧燃烧装置，每一台旋风筒贫氧燃烧装置可单独运行，从而提高了褐煤半焦贫氧燃烧锅炉的负荷调节比例。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种褐煤半焦贫氧燃烧锅炉，其特征在于，包括若干旋风筒贫氧燃烧装置和锅炉本体；
    锅炉本体包括二燃室(5)、设置于二燃室(5)上部的锅炉受热面(3)和排烟口(4)；
    旋风筒贫氧燃烧装置为一个倒置的带有中心筒的绝热旋风分离器；所述旋风筒贫氧燃烧装置连接锅炉本体的二燃室(5)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种褐煤半焦贫氧燃烧锅炉，其特征在于，旋风筒贫氧燃烧装置包括旋风筒(1)、中心筒(2)、烟气导管(7)和二次风旋流器(6)；旋风筒(1)的下部侧壁上设有一次风口(11)；旋风筒(1)的底部中心开有通孔，中心筒(2)穿过旋风筒(1)底部的通孔伸入旋风筒(1)内部，中心筒(2)顶部为通孔且与旋风筒(1)顶部内壁间隔设置，中心筒(2)与旋风筒(1)连接处密封；旋风筒(1)内位于一次风口(11)的下方设有熔融渣池(10)，熔融渣池(10)的底部设有第一排渣口(9)；中心筒(2)的底部设有第二排渣口(8)，烟气导管(7)一端垂直连接中心筒(2)，另一端连接二燃室(5)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种褐煤半焦贫氧燃烧锅炉，其特征在于，在烟气导管(7)与二燃室(5)的入口处设有用于送入补燃二次风的二次风旋流器(6)。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种褐煤半焦贫氧燃烧锅炉，其特征在于，一次风口(11)向下倾斜设置。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的一种褐煤半焦贫氧燃烧锅炉，其特征在于，每个旋风筒(1)侧壁上设有两个用于在旋风筒(1)中形成旋风的一次风口(11)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种褐煤半焦贫氧燃烧锅炉，其特征在于，锅炉受热面(3)塔式布置。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的一种褐煤半焦贫氧燃烧锅炉，其特征在于，褐煤半焦粉在一次空气作用下沿切向或割向从旋风筒下部一次风口(11)进入中心筒和旋风筒之间的环形空间，在环形空间的下部形成为高温燃烧气化区，在这个区域保持过量空气系数小于1，维持反应为 贫氧燃烧氛围；生成烟气在旋风筒内强烈旋转脱除液态熔渣，然后烟气通过二燃室与旋风筒之间的烟气导管(7)进入二燃室，在进入二燃室时补充部分二次空气，以旋转射流进入二燃室；烟气在二燃室内充分燃烧并进一步放热，然后生成高温烟气上行分别通过塔式布置的锅炉各个受热面，完成传热，将烟气降低至排烟温度后从排烟口排出。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的一种褐煤半焦贫氧燃烧锅炉，其特征在于，中心筒和旋风筒由氮化硅材料制成，中心筒和旋风筒之间形成的旋风燃烧室为绝热燃烧室。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的一种褐煤半焦贫氧燃烧锅炉，其特征在于，二燃室内进行的燃烧为均相燃烧，过量空气系数为1.05～1.1；熔融渣池(10)上方反应区的温度比灰熔融温度高100～200℃。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种褐煤半焦贫氧燃烧锅炉，其特征在于，旋风筒贫氧燃烧装置为多个且均匀分布于锅炉本体外周。
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