WO2017154494A1 - 高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法 - Google Patents
高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017154494A1 WO2017154494A1 PCT/JP2017/005603 JP2017005603W WO2017154494A1 WO 2017154494 A1 WO2017154494 A1 WO 2017154494A1 JP 2017005603 W JP2017005603 W JP 2017005603W WO 2017154494 A1 WO2017154494 A1 WO 2017154494A1
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- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 59
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 abstract description 63
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 44
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 33
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 9
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
- C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C18/00—Alloys based on zinc
- C22C18/04—Alloys based on zinc with aluminium as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
- C23C2/0222—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating in a reactive atmosphere, e.g. oxidising or reducing atmosphere
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
- C23C2/0224—Two or more thermal pretreatments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/024—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by cleaning or etching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
- C23C2/36—Elongated material
- C23C2/40—Plates; Strips
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet using a high-strength steel sheet containing Si as a base material.
- hot dip galvanized steel sheets use thin steel sheets obtained by hot-rolling or cold-rolling slabs as the base material, and the base steel sheets are recrystallized and annealed in a CGL annealing furnace, and then hot-dip galvanized. Manufactured. Further, the alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet is manufactured by further alloying after hot-dip galvanizing.
- Si or Mn is effective.
- Si and Mn are oxidized in a reducing N 2 + H 2 gas atmosphere in which Fe does not oxidize (reducing Fe oxide), and Si or Mn oxide is formed on the outermost surface of the steel sheet.
- Fe reducing Fe oxide
- Si or Mn oxide is formed on the outermost surface of the steel sheet.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method of performing reduction annealing after forming a steel sheet surface oxide film.
- good plating adhesion cannot be obtained stably.
- Patent Documents 2 to 8 the oxidation rate and reduction amount are regulated, the oxide film thickness in the oxidation zone is measured, and the oxidation conditions and reduction conditions are controlled from the measurement results to stabilize the effect. Such a technique is disclosed.
- Patent Documents 9 to 11 define gas compositions such as O 2 , H 2 , and H 2 O in the atmosphere in the oxidation-reduction process.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 55-122865 JP-A-4-202630 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-202631 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-202632 JP-A-4-202633 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-254531 JP-A-4-254532 JP-A-7-34210 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-2111157 JP 2005-60742 A JP 2007-291498 A
- Patent Document 11 It has been found that the manufacturing method described in Patent Document 11 is effective in suppressing the pickup phenomenon, but does not necessarily provide good workability and fatigue resistance. It was also found that good plating adhesion could not be obtained.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a method for producing a high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet excellent in plating adhesion, workability and fatigue resistance.
- Si and Mn form an oxide of Si and / or Mn on the outermost surface of the steel sheet in an annealing atmosphere, and deteriorate the wettability between the steel sheet and molten zinc. As a result, surface defects such as non-plating occur. Moreover, even when non-plating is not achieved, the plating adhesion is remarkably inferior. This is thought to be due to the fact that the oxides of Si and / or Mn formed on the surface of the steel sheet remain at the interface between the plating layer and the steel sheet, thereby deteriorating the plating adhesion.
- the reaction between Fe and Zn is suppressed in the alloying process after the hot dipping process. Therefore, an alloying process at a relatively high temperature is required to allow the alloying to proceed normally. However, when the alloying treatment is performed at a high temperature, sufficient workability cannot be obtained.
- the Si-containing steel has a problem that a desired mechanical property value cannot be obtained because the alloying temperature becomes high.
- a method of performing reduction annealing after the oxidation treatment is effective, but at that time, the oxide of Si moves along the grain boundary inside the steel sheet surface layer. Form. Then, it turned out that a fatigue resistance property is inferior. This is considered to occur because fatigue cracks progress from the oxide formed at the grain boundary.
- the H 2 O concentration in the heating zone in the reduction annealing step is controlled to a high concentration.
- the alloying temperature in the soaking zone in the reduction annealing process is controlled to a high concentration.
- the alloying temperature can be lowered, and the workability and fatigue resistance can be improved.
- plating adhesion can be improved.
- controlling the temperature change in the soaking zone it is possible to have excellent mechanical property values.
- the present invention is based on the above findings, and features are as follows.
- C 0.3% or less
- Si 0.1 to 2.5%
- Mn 0.5 to 3.0%
- P 0.100% or less
- S 0.0100 % contained the following, the balance against the steel plate consisting of Fe and unavoidable impurities, oxidation treatment and then upon subjected to hot dipping process after the reduction annealing in the oxidation treatment in the previous paragraph, O 2 concentration Is heated at a temperature of 400 to 750 ° C. in an atmosphere of 1000 volume ppm or more and H 2 O concentration is 1000 volume ppm or more.
- the O 2 concentration is less than 1000 volume ppm and the H 2 O concentration is 1000 volume ppm.
- heating is performed at a temperature of 600 to 850 ° C.
- the H 2 concentration is 5 to 30% by volume
- the H 2 O concentration is 10 to 1000 ppm by volume
- the balance is N 2 in the heating zone.
- an atmosphere consisting of inevitable impurities After heating to a temperature of 650 to 900 ° C.
- a method for producing a high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet characterized by maintaining soaking for 10 to 300 seconds in an atmosphere consisting of N 2 and inevitable impurities, with a temperature change in the soaking zone within ⁇ 20 ° C. [2] The method for producing a high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet according to [1], wherein the a H 2 O concentration of H 2 O concentration> the heating zone of the soaking zone.
- the H 2 O concentration in the heating zone is less than 10 ppm by volume 500 ppm by volume, above H 2 O concentration in the soaking zone is equal to or less than 1000 ppm by volume ultra 5000 ppm by volume [1] or The method for producing a high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet according to [2].
- the oxidation treatment is performed by a direct-fired burner furnace (DFF) or a non-oxidizing furnace (NOF), with an air ratio of 1.0 or more and less than 1.3 in the former stage and an air ratio of 0.7 or more and 0.00 in the latter stage.
- DFF direct-fired burner furnace
- NOF non-oxidizing furnace
- the difference in H 2 O concentration between the upper part and the lower part in the annealing furnace is 2000 ppm by volume or less.
- the hot dip galvanizing treatment is carried out in a hot dip galvanizing bath having a component composition comprising Zn and inevitable impurities, with an effective Al concentration in the bath of 0.095 to 0.175% by mass.
- the hot dip galvanizing treatment is carried out in a hot dip galvanizing bath having a component composition comprising Zn and inevitable impurities, with the effective Al concentration in the bath being 0.095 to 0.115% by mass.
- [H 2 O] represents a soaking zone H 2 O concentration (volume ppm) at the time of reduction annealing.
- Al 0.01 to 0.1%
- Mo 0.05 to 1.0%
- Nb 0.005 to 0.05%
- Ti 0.0.
- the high strength in the present invention is a tensile strength TS of 440 MPa or more.
- the high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet of the present invention includes both a case where a cold-rolled steel sheet is used as a base material and a case where a hot-rolled steel sheet is used as a base material. In addition to the above, those subjected to further alloying treatment are included.
- a high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet excellent in plating adhesion, workability, and fatigue resistance can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between soaking zone H 2 O concentration change and alloying temperature during reduction annealing.
- the unit of the content of each element of the steel component composition and the unit of the content of each element of the plating layer component composition are “mass%”, and are simply represented by “%” unless otherwise specified.
- the units of O 2 concentration, H 2 O concentration, and H 2 concentration are all “volume%” and “volume ppm”, and are simply indicated by “%” and “ppm” unless otherwise specified.
- the steel component composition will be described.
- C 0.3% or less Since the weldability deteriorates when C exceeds 0.3%, the C content is set to 0.3% or less.
- workability is easily improved by forming a retained austenite phase (hereinafter also referred to as a residual ⁇ phase) or a martensite phase as a steel structure. Therefore, the C content is preferably 0.025% or more.
- Si 0.1 to 2.5% Si is an element effective for strengthening steel and obtaining a good material. If the amount of Si is less than 0.1%, an expensive alloy element is required to obtain high strength, which is not economically preferable. On the other hand, in Si-containing steel, it is known that the oxidation reaction during the oxidation treatment is suppressed. Therefore, when it exceeds 2.5%, the formation of an oxide film by the oxidation treatment is suppressed. Further, since the alloying temperature is also increased, it is difficult to obtain desired mechanical properties. Therefore, the Si amount is set to 0.1% to 2.5%.
- Mn 0.5 to 3.0%
- Mn is an element effective for increasing the strength of steel. To ensure mechanical properties and strength, 0.5% or more is contained. On the other hand, if it exceeds 3.0%, it may be difficult to secure a balance between weldability, plating adhesion, strength and ductility. Therefore, the amount of Mn is 0.5% or more and 3.0% or less.
- P 0.100% or less P is an element effective for strengthening steel. However, if the amount of P exceeds 0.100%, it may cause embrittlement due to grain boundary segregation, which may deteriorate the impact resistance. Therefore, the P content is 0.100% or less.
- S 0.0100% or less S becomes an inclusion such as MnS and causes deterioration in impact resistance and cracking along the metal flow of the weld. For this reason, the amount of S should be as small as possible. Therefore, the S content is 0.0100% or less.
- the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
- Al 0.01 to 0.1%
- Mo 0.05 to 1.0%
- Nb 0.005 to 0.05%
- Ti 0.005 -0.05%
- Cu 0.05-1.0%
- Ni 0.05-1.0%
- Cr 0.01-0.8%
- B 0.0005-0.005%
- Sb 0.001 to 0.10%
- Sn 0.001 to 0.10%
- the reason for limiting the appropriate addition amount in the case of adding these elements is as follows. Since Al is most easily oxidized thermodynamically, it is oxidized prior to Si and Mn, thereby suppressing the oxidation of Si and Mn on the surface of the steel sheet and promoting the oxidation inside the steel sheet. This effect is obtained at 0.01% or more. On the other hand, if it exceeds 0.1%, the cost increases. Therefore, when added, the Al content is preferably 0.01% or more and 0.1% or less.
- the Mo content is less than 0.05%, it is difficult to obtain the effect of adjusting the strength and the effect of improving the plating adhesion when adding a composite with Nb, Ni and Cu. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1.0%, cost increases. Therefore, when added, the Mo amount is preferably 0.05% or more and 1.0% or less.
- the Nb content is preferably 0.005% or more and 0.05% or less.
- the Ti content is preferably 0.005% or more and 0.05% or less.
- the Cu content is preferably 0.05% or more and 1.0% or less.
- Ni is less than 0.05%, it is difficult to obtain the effect of promoting the formation of the residual ⁇ phase and the effect of improving the plating adhesion upon the combined addition of Cu and Mo. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1.0%, cost increases. Therefore, when Ni is added, the Ni content is preferably 0.05% or more and 1.0% or less.
- the Cr content is preferably 0.01% or more and 0.8% or less.
- the B is an element effective for improving the hardenability of steel. If it is less than 0.0005%, it is difficult to obtain the quenching effect, and if it exceeds 0.005%, the effect of promoting the oxidation of the outermost surface of the Si steel sheet is brought about. Therefore, when added, the B content is preferably 0.0005% or more and 0.005% or less.
- Sb and Sn are elements that are effective in suppressing denitrification, deboronation, etc., and suppressing steel strength reduction.
- the content is preferably 0.001% or more.
- the amount of Sb and Sn is preferably 0.001% or more and 0.10% or less, respectively.
- the steel sheet having the above component composition is subjected to an oxidation treatment, and then subjected to a reduction annealing, followed by a hot dipping treatment. Or, further, an alloying treatment is performed.
- heating is performed at a temperature of 400 to 750 ° C. in an atmosphere where the O 2 concentration is 1000 volume ppm or more and the H 2 O concentration is 1000 volume ppm or more in the former stage, and the O 2 concentration is 1000 volume ppm in the latter stage. And heating at a temperature of 600 to 850 ° C. in an atmosphere having an H 2 O concentration of 1000 ppm by volume or more.
- the heating rate is 0 in an atmosphere consisting of a H 2 concentration of 5 to 30% by volume, a H 2 O concentration of 10 to 1000 ppm by volume, and the balance consisting of N 2 and inevitable impurities.
- H 2 concentration is 5 to 30% by volume
- H 2 O concentration is 500 to 5000 ppm by volume
- the balance is N 2 and inevitable
- the temperature change in the soaking zone is within ⁇ 20 ° C. and soaking is maintained for 10 to 300 seconds.
- the hot dip galvanizing treatment is preferably carried out in a hot dip galvanizing bath having a component composition comprising Zn and inevitable impurities, with an effective Al concentration in the bath of 0.095 to 0.175% by mass.
- the treatment is preferably performed at a temperature T satisfying the following formula for 10 to 60 seconds. ⁇ 50 log ([H 2 O]) + 650 ⁇ T ⁇ ⁇ 40 log ([H 2 O]) + 680
- [H 2 O] represents a soaking zone H 2 O concentration (ppm) during reduction annealing.
- the oxidation treatment will be described.
- Si, Mn, etc. to the steel as described above.
- oxides of Si and Mn are generated on the steel plate surface to ensure plating properties. It becomes difficult to do.
- the plating conditions are improved by changing the annealing conditions (oxidation treatment + reduction annealing) before hot dip galvanizing treatment, oxidizing Si and Mn inside the steel sheet, and preventing oxidation on the steel sheet surface. Furthermore, it was found that the reactivity between the plating and the steel sheet can be increased, and the plating adhesion is improved.
- annealing conditions oxidation treatment + reduction annealing
- the O 2 concentration needs to be 1000 ppm or more. Although there is no particular upper limit, it is preferably 20% or less of the atmospheric O 2 concentration for economic reasons of oxygen introduction cost. H 2 O, like oxygen, has an effect of promoting the oxidation of iron, so it is set to 1000 ppm or more. Although there is no particular upper limit, it is preferably 30% or less for economical reasons of humidification costs. Further, the heating temperature is required to be 400 ° C. or higher in order to promote the oxidation of iron. On the other hand, when the temperature exceeds 750 ° C., iron is excessively oxidized and causes pickup in the next step.
- the H 2 O concentration is set to 1000 ppm or more in order to promote internal oxidation of Si and Mn described later. Although there is no particular upper limit, it is preferably 30% or less for economic reasons of humidification costs, as in the previous oxidation treatment.
- the heating temperature is less than 600 ° C., the reduction reaction hardly occurs.
- the heating temperature exceeds 850 ° C., the effect is saturated and the heating cost is increased.
- the oxidation furnace needs to be composed of at least two zones that can individually control the atmosphere.
- the atmosphere control may be performed as described above with each of the preceding stage and the subsequent stage. By controlling the atmosphere, it can be regarded as one zone. It is also possible to perform the former stage and the latter stage in separate oxidation furnaces.
- DFF direct-fired burner furnace
- NOF non-oxidizing furnace
- a direct-fired burner furnace (DFF) or a non-oxidizing furnace (NOF) heats a steel sheet by mixing and burning fuel such as coke oven gas (COG), which is a by-product gas of an ironworks, and air. Therefore, when the ratio of air to fuel is increased, unburned oxygen remains in the flame, and it becomes possible to promote oxidation of the steel sheet with the oxygen. Therefore, the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere can be controlled by adjusting the air ratio.
- the air ratio is less than 1.0, the above atmospheric conditions may be deviated, and when the air ratio is 1.3 or more, excessive iron oxidation may occur. 0.0 or more and less than 1.3 is preferable.
- the air ratio when the air ratio is 0.9 or more, it may be out of the above atmospheric conditions, and when it is less than 0.7, the use ratio of the combustion gas for heating increases, leading to cost increase.
- the air ratio is preferably 0.7 or more and less than 0.9.
- reduction annealing performed after the oxidation treatment
- iron oxide formed on the surface of a steel sheet by oxidation treatment is reduced, and an alloy element of Si or Mn is formed as an internal oxide inside the steel sheet by oxygen supplied from the iron oxide.
- a reduced iron layer reduced from iron oxide is formed on the outermost surface of the steel sheet, and since Si and Mn remain inside the steel sheet as internal oxides, oxidation of Si and Mn on the steel sheet surface is suppressed, and the steel sheet
- the wettability of hot-dip plating can be prevented from being lowered and a good plating appearance can be obtained without unplating.
- the hot dip galvanized steel sheet without alloying treatment has a desired plating adhesion. I can't get it. Also, when producing an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet, the alloying temperature becomes high, so the decomposition of the retained austenite phase to the pearlite phase and the temper softening of the martensite phase occur, and the desired mechanical properties are obtained. I can't get it.
- the H 2 O concentration is set to 1000 ppm or less. Preferably it is less than 500 ppm. If the H 2 O concentration exceeds 1000 ppm, the iron oxide formed by the oxidation treatment is difficult to reduce, and there is a risk of pick-up in reduction annealing. Furthermore, the iron oxide remains even at the time of the hot dipping process, and on the contrary, the wettability between the steel plate and the hot dip zinc is lowered, and there is a risk of causing poor adhesion.
- the lower limit of the H 2 O concentration is 10 ppm. From the above, the H 2 O concentration in the heating zone is 10 to 1000 ppm by volume.
- the H 2 concentration is 5% or more and 30% or less. If it is less than 5%, the reduction of the iron oxide and the natural oxide film is suppressed, and the risk of pick-up and non-plating defects increases. If it exceeds 30%, it will lead to cost increase.
- the balance other than H 2 O and H 2 is N 2 and inevitable impurities.
- the rate of temperature rise is set to 0.1 ° C./sec or more. If it is less than 0.1 ° C./sec, the steel sheet cannot be heated to a temperature range for obtaining desired mechanical properties.
- a temperature of 0.5 ° C./sec or more is preferable because heating can be performed in a short time with a short equipment length. There is no particular upper limit, but if it exceeds 10 ° C./sec, the energy cost for heating increases, so it is preferably 10 ° C./sec or less.
- the heating temperature is 650 to 900 ° C. If it is less than 650 degreeC, not only reduction
- the H 2 O concentration in the soaking zone of the reductive annealing to 500 ppm or more, even after the iron oxide is reduced in the heating zone, the inside of Si and Mn is absorbed by the oxygen supplied from the H 2 O in the atmosphere. Oxidation occurs. As a result, an internal oxide of Si or Mn is formed. Then, it becomes difficult for Si and Mn to diffuse to the steel plate surface, and oxide formation on the steel plate surface is suppressed. As a result, the reactivity between the steel sheet and the plating layer is increased, and the plating adhesion is improved. In addition, in the region of the steel sheet surface layer where internal oxidation is formed, the amount of solute Si decreases.
- the surface layer of the steel sheet behaves as if it is a low Si steel, the subsequent alloying reaction is promoted, and the alloying reaction proceeds at a low temperature.
- the retained austenite phase can be maintained at a high fraction and ductility is improved.
- the desired strength can be obtained without the temper softening of the martensite phase proceeding.
- the H 2 O concentration exceeds 5000 ppm, an excessive decarburized layer is formed, resulting in a decrease in fatigue resistance. Moreover, it leads also to the cost increase for humidification. Therefore, the upper limit of the H 2 O concentration is set to 5000 ppm. In order to obtain excellent fatigue resistance, 4000 ppm or less is preferable.
- the H 2 O concentration is lowered in order to prevent reduction of oxides and deterioration of fatigue resistance and shorten the life of the furnace body.
- the H 2 O concentration is increased in order to more actively form internal oxides of Si and Mn. In order to further obtain these effects, it is preferable that the soaking zone H 2 O concentration> the heating zone H 2 O concentration in the reduction annealing.
- the H 2 concentration is 5% or more and 30% or less. If it is less than 5%, the reduction of iron oxide and natural oxide film that cannot be reduced in the heating zone is suppressed, and the risk of pick-up and non-plating defects increases. If it exceeds 30%, it will lead to cost increase.
- the balance other than H 2 O and H 2 is N 2 and inevitable impurities.
- the temperature change in the soaking zone should be within ⁇ 20 ° C.
- the temperature change in the soaking zone can be within ⁇ 20 ° C.
- the soaking time in the soaking zone is 10 to 300 seconds. If it is less than 10 seconds, formation of a metal structure is insufficient for obtaining desired mechanical properties such as TS and El. On the other hand, if it exceeds 300 seconds, the productivity is lowered or a long furnace length is required.
- the difference in H 2 O concentration between the upper part and the lower part in the furnace is preferably 2000 ppm or less.
- the H 2 O concentration distribution in the reduction annealing furnace depends on the structure of the annealing furnace, generally the concentration tends to be high at the upper part of the annealing furnace and low at the lower part.
- the difference in H 2 O concentration between the upper part and the lower part is large, the steel sheet will alternately pass through the high and low concentration regions of H 2 O. This makes it difficult to form internal oxidation uniformly in the crystal grains.
- the difference between the upper and lower H 2 O concentrations in the annealing furnace is preferably 2000 ppm or less.
- the upper and lower H 2 O concentrations in the annealing furnace are the H 2 O concentrations measured in the upper 20% and lower 20% regions with respect to the total height of the annealing furnace, respectively.
- the method for controlling the H 2 O concentration in the reduction annealing furnace is not particularly limited, N 2 and / or H 2 gas humidified by bubbling or the like is introduced into the furnace. There is a way to introduce. Further, a membrane exchange type humidification method using a hollow fiber membrane is preferable because the controllability of the dew point is further increased.
- FIG. 1 shows the results obtained.
- FIG. 1 shows the results obtained.
- ⁇ indicates the temperature at which the ⁇ phase formed prior to alloying has completely changed to an Fe—Zn alloy and the alloying reaction has been completed.
- the ⁇ mark indicates the upper limit of the temperature at which rank 3 is obtained when the plating adhesion is evaluated by the method described in the examples described later.
- the line in a figure has shown the upper limit of the alloying temperature shown by the following Formula, and the minimum temperature.
- the effect of improving the mechanical characteristic values with increasing H 2 O concentration in the reducing furnace as described above is due to reduction of the alloying temperature. It can be seen that the alloying temperature after hot dipping needs to be precisely controlled in order to obtain the desired mechanical properties such as TS and El.
- the treatment is preferably performed at a temperature T satisfying the following formula. ⁇ 50 log ([H 2 O]) + 650 ⁇ T ⁇ ⁇ 40 log ([H 2 O]) + 680
- [H 2 O] represents a soaking zone H 2 O concentration (ppm) during reduction annealing.
- the alloying time is 10 to 60 seconds.
- the degree of alloying after the alloying treatment is not particularly limited, but an alloying degree of 7 to 15% by mass is preferable. If it is less than 7% by mass, the ⁇ phase remains and the press formability is inferior, and if it exceeds 15% by mass, the plating adhesion is inferior.
- the hot dip galvanizing treatment has an effective Al concentration in the bath of 0.095 to 0.175% (more preferably 0.095 to 0.115% in the case of alloying treatment), and the balance consists of Zn and inevitable impurities. It is preferable to carry out in a hot dip galvanizing bath having a component composition.
- the effective Al concentration in the bath is a value obtained by subtracting the Fe concentration in the bath from the Al concentration in the bath.
- Patent Document 10 describes a technique for promoting the alloying reaction by suppressing the effective Al concentration in the bath to 0.07 to 0.092%, but the present invention does not reduce the effective Al concentration in the bath. It promotes the alloying reaction.
- the effective Al concentration in the bath is preferably 0.095% or more and 0.175% or less.
- the content is more preferably 0.115% or less.
- hot dip galvanizing bath temperature is in the normal range of 440 to 500 ° C, and the steel plate is infiltrated into the plating bath at a plate temperature of 440 to 550 ° C.
- the amount of adhesion can be adjusted by gas wiping.
- a slab obtained by melting steel having chemical components shown in Table 1 was formed into a cold-rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 1.2 mm by hot rolling, pickling, and cold rolling.
- Plating adhesion non-alloyed hot-dip steel sheet
- cellophane tape registered trademark
- ⁇ indicates that there is no plating peeling of 1 mm or less, or adhesion of the plating layer to the tape, but “ ⁇ ” indicates that the plating layer is lifted from the steel plate, and the plating layer exceeds 1 mm. What adhered to and peeled off was evaluated as "x".
- Cellophane tape (registered trademark) is applied to the plated steel sheet, the tape surface is bent 90 degrees, bent back, and a cellophane tape with a width of 24 mm is pressed inside the processing part (on the compression processing side) in parallel with the bending part.
- the amount of zinc attached to the 40 mm long part of the cellophane tape was measured as the Zn count number by fluorescent X-rays, and the amount obtained by converting the Zn count number per unit length (1 m) was calculated according to the following criteria: Ranks 1 and 2 were evaluated as good ( ⁇ ), 3 were generally good ( ⁇ ), and 4 or more were evaluated as bad (x).
- Tensile properties The rolling direction was set to the tensile direction, and a JIS No. 5 test piece was used according to JIS Z2241. A sample having a TS ⁇ El value exceeding 12000 was judged to be excellent in ductility.
- Fatigue resistance Stress ratio R 0.05, fatigue limit (FL) is determined at 10 7 repetitions, durability ratio (FL / TS) is determined, and a value of 0.60 or more is judged as good fatigue resistance did.
- the stress ratio R is a value defined by (minimum repeated stress) / (maximum repeated stress).
- the present invention is a high-strength steel containing Si and Mn, it has excellent plating adhesion, good plating appearance, excellent balance between strength and ductility, and fatigue resistance. Is also good.
- the comparative example manufactured outside the scope of the present invention is inferior in any one or more of plating adhesion, plating appearance, balance between strength and ductility, and fatigue resistance.
- the high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet of the present invention is excellent in plating adhesion, workability, and fatigue resistance, it can be used as a surface-treated steel sheet for reducing the weight and strength of an automobile body.
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Abstract
Description
[1]質量%で、C:0.3%以下、Si:0.1~2.5%、Mn:0.5~3.0%、P:0.100%以下、S:0.0100%以下を含有し、残部はFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる鋼板に対して、酸化処理を行い、次いで還元焼鈍を行った後に溶融めっき処理を施すに際し、前記酸化処理では、前段で、O2濃度が1000体積ppm以上、H2O濃度が1000体積ppm以上の雰囲気中で、400~750℃の温度で加熱し、後段で、O2濃度が1000体積ppm未満、H2O濃度が1000体積ppm以上の雰囲気中で、600~850℃の温度で加熱し、前記還元焼鈍では、加熱帯で、H2濃度が5~30体積%、H2O濃度が10~1000体積ppm、残部がN2および不可避的不純物からなる雰囲気中で、昇温速度が0.1℃/sec以上で、650~900℃の温度に加熱した後に、均熱帯で、H2濃度が5~30体積%、H2O濃度が500~5000体積ppm、残部がN2および不可避的不純物からなる雰囲気中で、均熱帯での温度変化が±20℃以内で、10~300秒間均熱保持することを特徴とする高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
[2]前記均熱帯のH2O濃度>前記加熱帯のH2O濃度であることを特徴とする上記[1]に記載の高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
[3]前記加熱帯のH2O濃度が10体積ppm以上500体積ppm未満、前記均熱帯のH2O濃度が1000体積ppm超5000体積ppm以下であることを特徴とする上記[1]または[2]に記載の高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
[4]前記酸化処理は、直火バーナー炉(DFF)もしくは無酸化炉(NOF)により、前記前段では空気比1.0以上1.3未満で、前記後段では空気比0.7以上0.9未満で、行うことを特徴とする上記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
[5]前記還元焼鈍における均熱帯では、焼鈍炉内の上部と下部のH2O濃度の差が2000体積ppm以下であることを特徴とする上記[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
[6]前記溶融亜鉛めっき処理は、浴中有効Al濃度:0.095~0.175質量%、残部はZnおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成の溶融亜鉛めっき浴中で行うことを特徴とする上記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
[7]前記溶融亜鉛めっき処理は、浴中有効Al濃度:0.095~0.115質量%、残部はZnおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成の溶融亜鉛めっき浴中で行い、次いで、下式を満足する温度T(℃)で、10~60秒間の合金化処理を行うことを特徴とする上記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
-50log([H2O])+650≦T≦-40log([H2O])+680
但し、[H2O]は還元焼鈍時の均熱帯のH2O濃度(体積ppm)を表す。
[8]成分組成として、さらに、質量%で、Al:0.01~0.1%、Mo:0.05~1.0%、Nb:0.005~0.05%、Ti:0.005~0.05%、Cu:0.05~1.0%、Ni:0.05~1.0%、Cr:0.01~0.8%、B:0.0005~0.005%、Sb:0.001~0.10%、Sn:0.001~0.10%の1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする上記[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載の高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
なお、以下の説明において、鋼成分組成の各元素の含有量、めっき層成分組成の各元素の含有量の単位はいずれも「質量%」であり、特に断らない限り単に「%」で示す。また、O2濃度、H2O濃度、H2濃度の単位はいずれも「体積%」「体積ppm」であり、特に断らない限り単に「%」「ppm」で示す。
C:0.3%以下
Cは、0.3%を超えると溶接性が劣化するため、C含有量は0.3%以下とする。一方、鋼組織として、残留オーステナイト相(以下、残留γ相と称することもある)やマルテンサイト相などを形成させることで加工性を向上しやすくする。そのため、C量は0.025%以上が好ましい。
Siは鋼を強化して良好な材質を得るのに有効な元素である。Si量が0.1%未満では高強度を得るために高価な合金元素が必要になり、経済的に好ましくない。一方、Si含有鋼では、酸化処理時の酸化反応が抑制されることが知られている。そのため、2.5%を超えると酸化処理での酸化皮膜形成が抑制されてしまう。また、合金化温度も高温化するために、所望の機械特性を得ることが困難になる。したがって、Si量は0.1%以上2.5%以下とする。
Mnは鋼の高強度化に有効な元素である。機械特性や強度を確保するためには0.5%以上含有する。一方、3.0%を超えると溶接性やめっき密着性、強度と延性のバランスの確保が困難になる場合がある。したがって、Mn量は0.5%以上3.0%以下とする。
Pは、鋼の強化に有効な元素である。ただし、P量が0.100%を超えると、粒界偏析により脆化を引き起こし、耐衝撃性を劣化させる場合がある。したがって、P量は0.100%以下とする。
Sは、MnSなどの介在物となって、耐衝撃性の劣化や溶接部のメタルフローに沿った割れの原因となる。このため、S量は極力少ない方がよい。したがって、S量は0.0100%以下とする。
Alは熱力学的に最も酸化しやすいため、Si、Mnに先だって酸化し、Si、Mnの鋼板表面での酸化を抑制し、鋼板内部での酸化を促進する効果がある。この効果は0.01%以上で得られる。一方、0.1%を超えるとコストアップになる。したがって、添加する場合、Al量は0.01%以上0.1%以下が好ましい。
-50log([H2O])+650≦T≦-40log([H2O])+680
但し、[H2O]は還元焼鈍時の均熱帯のH2O濃度(ppm)を表す。
鋼板表面で、SiおよびMn酸化を抑制し、鉄酸化物を生成させるために、積極的に酸化処理を行う。そのため、十分な量の鉄酸化物を得るためには、O2濃度は1000ppm以上が必要となる。上限は特に設けないが、酸素導入コストの経済的な理由から大気中O2濃度の20%以下が好ましい。また、H2Oも酸素と同様に、鉄の酸化を促進させる効果があるため、1000ppm以上とする。上限は特に設けないが、加湿コストの経済的な理由から30%以下が好ましい。更に、加熱温度は、鉄の酸化を促進させるために、400℃以上が必要となる。一方で、750℃を超えると鉄の酸化が過剰に起こり、次工程でのピックアップの原因となるため、400℃以上750℃以下とする。
ピックアップを防止して、押し疵などのない美麗な表面外観を得るために本発明において重要な要件である。ピックアップを防止するためには、一旦酸化された鋼板表面の一部(表層)を還元処理することが重要である。このような還元処理を行うには、O2濃度を1000ppm未満に制御することが必要である。O2濃度を低下させることで鉄酸化物の表層が一部還元され、次工程の還元焼鈍時に、焼鈍炉のロールと鉄酸化物の直接接触を避け、ピックアップを防止することができる。O2濃度が1000ppm以上になるとこの還元反応が起こりにくくなるため、O2濃度は1000ppm未満とする。また、H2O濃度は後述するSiやMnの内部酸化を促進させるために、1000ppm以上とする。上限は特に設けないが、前段酸化処理と同様に、加湿コストの経済的な理由から30%以下が好ましい。加熱温度は600℃未満では還元反応が起こりにくく、850℃を超えると効果が飽和し、加熱コストもかかるため、600℃以上850℃以下とする。
還元焼鈍では、酸化処理で鋼板表面に形成された鉄酸化物を還元するとともに、鉄酸化物から供給される酸素によって、SiやMnの合金元素を鋼板内部に内部酸化物として形成する。結果として、鋼板最表面には鉄酸化物から還元された還元鉄層が形成され、SiやMnは内部酸化物として鋼板内部に留まるため、鋼板表面でのSiやMnの酸化が抑制され、鋼板と溶融めっきの濡れ性の低下を防止し、不めっきなく良好なめっき外観を得ることができる。
還元焼鈍における加熱帯では主に前述した酸化処理で形成された鉄酸化物を還元することが必要になる。そのために、酸化-還元法を適用する本発明においてはH2O濃度を1000ppm以下とする。好ましくは500ppm未満である。H2O濃度が1000ppmを超えると、酸化処理で形成された鉄酸化物が還元し難くなり、還元焼鈍でのピックアップの危険性がある。さらに、鉄酸化物が溶融めっき処理時にまで残存するとかえって鋼板と溶融亜鉛との濡れ性を低下させ、密着性不良を招く恐れがある。さらに過剰な脱炭層が形成して耐疲労特性を低下させる。一方で、H2O濃度を10ppm未満とするには、雰囲気ガスを除湿しなければならなくなり、除湿のための設備コストが増す。よって、H2O濃度の下限は10ppmとする。以上より、加熱帯でのH2O濃度は10~1000体積ppmとする。
均熱帯のH2O濃度を500ppm以上に制御することで、鉄酸化物が加熱帯で還元された後も、雰囲気のH2Oから供給される酸素によってSiやMnの内部酸化が起こる。その結果、SiやMnの内部酸化物が形成される。すると、SiやMnは鋼板表面まで拡散することが難しくなり、鋼板表面での酸化物形成が抑制される。以上の結果、鋼板とめっき層の反応性が高まり、めっき密着性が改善される。また、内部酸化が形成された鋼板表層の領域において、固溶Si量が低下する。固溶Si量が低下すると、鋼板表層はあたかも低Si鋼のような挙動を示し、その後の合金化反応が促進され、低温で合金化反応が進行する。合金化温度が低下することで、残留オーステナイト相が高分率で維持でき延性が向上する。マルテンサイト相の焼き戻し軟化が進行せずに、所望の強度が得られる。結晶粒内での内部酸化を更に促進させる目的で1000ppm超えとすることが好ましい。
一方で、H2O濃度が5000ppmを超えると、過剰な脱炭層が形成されて、耐疲労特性の低下を招く。また、加湿のためのコストアップにも繋がる。そのため、H2O濃度の上限は5000ppmとする。優れた耐疲労特性を得るためには4000ppm以下が好ましい。
前述したように酸化処理時の条件、還元焼鈍時の条件を制御することにより、積極的にSiの内部酸化物を形成させると、合金化反応が促進することが分かった。そこで、Cを0.12%、Siを1.5%、Mnを2.7%含む鋼板を用いて、O2濃度1000ppm以上、H2O濃度1000ppm以上の雰囲気中で、650℃の温度で前段の酸化処理、および、O2濃度1000ppm未満、H2O濃度1000ppm以上の雰囲気中で、700℃の温度で後段の酸化処理を行い、次いで、還元焼鈍炉の加熱帯のH2O濃度を300ppm、H2濃度15%、昇温速度を1.5℃/sec、加熱温度を850℃とし、均熱帯のH2O濃度を変化させて、H2濃度15%、均熱帯での温度変化-10℃で、均熱保持130秒間の還元焼鈍を行った。次いで、溶融めっき処理、450~600℃で25秒間の合金化処理を行い、均熱帯のH2O濃度変化と合金化温度との関係について調べた。図1に得られた結果を示す。図1において、◆印は合金化前に形成しているη相が完全にFe-Zn合金に変化して合金化反応が完了した温度を示している。また、■印は後述する実施例に記載の方法でめっき密着性を評価した際のランク3が得られる温度の上限を示している。また、図中の線は下式で示される合金化温度の上限と下限の温度を示している。
-50log([H2O])+650≦T≦-40log([H2O])+680
但し、[H2O]は還元焼鈍時の均熱帯のH2O濃度(ppm)を表す。
また、合金化温度と同様な理由から合金化時間は10~60秒間とする。
上記によって製造された鋼板の外観を目視観察し、合金化ムラ、不めっき、またはピックアップによる押し疵などの外観不良がないものを○、外観不良がわずかにあるがおおむね良好であるものを△、合金化ムラ、不めっき、または押し疵があるものは×とした。
(非合金化溶融めっき鋼板)
めっき鋼板を、先端が2.0Rで90°の金型を用いて曲げ加工を加えた後に、曲げ外側にセロハンテープ(登録商標)を貼り付けて引き離した際に、めっき層の剥離が認められないものを「○」、1mm以下のめっき剥離、もしくはテープへのめっき層の付着はないが、鋼板からめっき層が浮いた状態になっているものを「△」、めっき層が1mm超えでテープに付着して剥離したものを「×」と評価した。
(合金化溶融めっき鋼板)
めっき鋼板にセロハンテープ(登録商標)を貼り、テープ 面を90度曲げ、曲げ戻しをし、加工部の内側(圧縮加工側)に、曲げ加工部と平行に巾24mmのセロハンテープを押し当てて引き離し、セロハンテープの長さ40mmの部分に付着した亜鉛量を蛍光X線によるZnカウント数として測定し、Znカウント数を単位長さ(1m)当たりに換算した量を、下記の基準に照らしてランク1~2のものを良好 (○)、3のものをおおむね良好(△)、4以上のものを不良(×)と評価した。
蛍光X線カウント数 ランク
0-500未満 :1(良)
500以上-1000未満 :2
1000以上-2000未満:3
2000以上-3000未満:4
3000以上 :5(劣)
引張特性
圧延方向を引張方向としてJIS5号試験片を用いてJISZ2241に準拠した方法で行った。TS×Elの値が12000を超えているものを延性に優れると判断した。
応力比R:0.05の条件で行い、繰り返し数107で疲労限(FL)を求め、耐久比(FL/TS)を求め、0.60以上の値が良好な耐疲労特性と判断した。なお、応力比Rとは、(最少繰り返し応力)/(最大繰り返し応力)で定義されている値である。
Claims (8)
- 質量%で、
C:0.3%以下、
Si:0.1~2.5%、
Mn:0.5~3.0%、
P:0.100%以下、
S:0.0100%以下を含有し、
残部はFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる鋼板に対して、
酸化処理を行い、次いで還元焼鈍を行った後に溶融めっき処理を施すに際し、
前記酸化処理では、前段で、O2濃度が1000体積ppm以上、H2O濃度が1000体積ppm以上の雰囲気中で、400~750℃の温度で加熱し、
後段で、O2濃度が1000体積ppm未満、H2O濃度が1000体積ppm以上の雰囲気中で、600~850℃の温度で加熱し、
前記還元焼鈍では、加熱帯で、H2濃度が5~30体積%、H2O濃度が10~1000体積ppm、残部がN2および不可避的不純物からなる雰囲気中で、昇温速度が0.1℃/sec以上で、650~900℃の温度に加熱した後に、
均熱帯で、H2濃度が5~30体積%、H2O濃度が500~5000体積ppm、残部がN2および不可避的不純物からなる雰囲気中で、均熱帯での温度変化が±20℃以内で、10~300秒間均熱保持することを特徴とする高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。 - 前記均熱帯のH2O濃度>前記加熱帯のH2O濃度であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記加熱帯のH2O濃度が10体積ppm以上500体積ppm未満、前記均熱帯のH2O濃度が1000体積ppm超5000体積ppm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記酸化処理は、直火バーナー炉(DFF)もしくは無酸化炉(NOF)により、前記前段では空気比1.0以上1.3未満で、前記後段では空気比0.7以上0.9未満で、行うことを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記還元焼鈍における均熱帯では、焼鈍炉内の上部と下部のH2O濃度の差が2000体積ppm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記溶融亜鉛めっき処理は、浴中有効Al濃度:0.095~0.175質量%、残部はZnおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成の溶融亜鉛めっき浴中で行うことを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記溶融亜鉛めっき処理は、浴中有効Al濃度:0.095~0.115質量%、残部はZnおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成の溶融亜鉛めっき浴中で行い、次いで、下式を満足する温度T(℃)で、10~60秒間の合金化処理を行うことを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
-50log([H2O])+650≦T≦-40log([H2O])+680
但し、[H2O]は還元焼鈍時の均熱帯のH2O濃度(体積ppm)を表す。 - 成分組成として、さらに、質量%で、
Al:0.01~0.1%、
Mo:0.05~1.0%、
Nb:0.005~0.05%、
Ti:0.005~0.05%、
Cu:0.05~1.0%、
Ni:0.05~1.0%、
Cr:0.01~0.8%、
B:0.0005~0.005%、
Sb:0.001~0.10%、
Sn:0.001~0.10%
の1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
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