WO2017152812A1 - Puce optique pour des communications optiques, et dispositif d'authentification - Google Patents

Puce optique pour des communications optiques, et dispositif d'authentification Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017152812A1
WO2017152812A1 PCT/CN2017/075623 CN2017075623W WO2017152812A1 WO 2017152812 A1 WO2017152812 A1 WO 2017152812A1 CN 2017075623 W CN2017075623 W CN 2017075623W WO 2017152812 A1 WO2017152812 A1 WO 2017152812A1
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unit
signal
level
electrical signal
coupled
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PCT/CN2017/075623
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘若鹏
许伟成
范林勇
肖光锦
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深圳光启智能光子技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2017152812A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017152812A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/60—Receivers
    • H04B10/66—Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection
    • H04B10/69—Electrical arrangements in the receiver
    • H04B10/695—Arrangements for optimizing the decision element in the receiver, e.g. by using automatic threshold control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/60—Receivers
    • H04B10/66—Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection
    • H04B10/69—Electrical arrangements in the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/60—Receivers
    • H04B10/66—Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection
    • H04B10/69—Electrical arrangements in the receiver
    • H04B10/697—Arrangements for reducing noise and distortion

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of optical communications, and in particular, to an optical chip and an authentication device.
  • Visible light communication technology is a new type of wireless optical communication technology developed on LED technology. Communication is carried out by high-frequency flickering of the LED light source, and the transmission rate of visible light communication is up to gigabits per second. Visible light communication has a very rich spectrum of resources, which is unmatched by general wireless communication including microwave communication. At the same time, visible light communication can be applied to any communication protocol, suitable for any environment, and the device for visible light communication is flexible and convenient to install, and low in cost, and is suitable for mass popularization applications.
  • the visible light communication system uses visible light for short-range communication, and the visible light has high directivity and cannot penetrate obstacles, and has higher security than wireless communication.
  • some visible light communication systems have begun to be applied, such as photon access control systems and photon payment in photonics Internet of Things.
  • the mobile phone's flash function can be used as a photonic client, which greatly reduces the application threshold of visible light communication, and since the mobile phone is originally carried by the user, it is not It puts an extra burden on the user.
  • the daily visible light communication using a portable photonic client such as a mobile phone is generally in an environment with ambient light.
  • the photon receiving end converts the optical signal into a meaningful electrical signal by photoelectric conversion when receiving the optical signal emitted by the photonic client.
  • the photon receiving end will still convert the unquestioned ambient light into a useless electrical signal.
  • These useless electrical signals are noise signals that interfere with the photon receiver correctly receiving the photon client.
  • Optical signal is Optical signal.
  • the data transmission rate (that is, the amount of information transmitted per unit time) is still small, and there is room for further improvement.
  • An aspect of the present invention provides an optical chip including: a photoelectric conversion unit for receiving an optical signal and generating an electrical signal by photoelectric conversion; and a photo noise removing unit coupled to the optical noise removing unit a photoelectric conversion unit for removing optical noise in the electrical signal to output a digital level signal; and a decoding unit coupled to the optical noise removing unit for performing the following steps to decode the digital level signal:
  • a level jump is detected, it is determined that the start of an electrical signal unit starts timing; when the detected level duration is greater than the first threshold and less than or equal to the second threshold, the number of times the level jumps is recorded;
  • the detected level duration is greater than the second threshold and less than or equal to the third threshold, determining that the electrical signal unit ends; when the detected level duration is greater than the third threshold, determining that the signal is received;
  • Each of the received electrical signal units is converted into a data unit; and the plurality of data units are combined into data.
  • the transition of this level changes to a low to high transition or a sum to a high to low transition.
  • the decoding unit is further configured to perform the following steps: converting the received electrical signal units into data units: determining, according to a preset correspondence table, a number of times of level jumps in the recorded electrical signal unit Data unit.
  • the first threshold is equal to the desired first level duration minus the previously obtained flicker delay value of the light emitting unit.
  • the second threshold is equal to the desired second level duration minus the previously obtained flicker delay value of the light emitting unit.
  • the photo noise removing unit includes: a noise filtering unit, the input end of the noise filtering unit receives an electrical signal from the photoelectric conversion unit, and the noise filtering unit is configured to filter out the electrical signal generated by the ambient light a noise electrical signal and outputting a target pulse signal at the output; and a comparison unit, the first input end of the comparison unit being coupled to the output of the noise filter unit to receive the target pulse signal, the comparison unit being used according to the target The digital signal is output by comparison between the pulse signal and the reference voltage.
  • the noise filtering unit includes a diode, an anode of the diode is coupled to the photoelectric conversion unit, and a cathode of the diode is coupled to the first input end of the comparison unit.
  • the photo-noise removal unit further includes: a clamp resistor connected in series with the photoelectric conversion unit, the first end of the clamp resistor is coupled to one end of the photoelectric conversion unit and the anode of the diode The second end of the clamp resistor is grounded, and the other end of the photoelectric conversion unit is connected to a power supply voltage, and the clamp resistor clamps the voltage on the positive pole of the diode to be smaller than the guide of the diode when the signal source is not illuminated. A voltage level that is greater than a voltage level of the turn-on voltage of the diode when illuminated by a signal source.
  • the photo noise removing unit further includes: a reference voltage generating unit, the reference voltage generating unit includes a resistor and a capacitor to form a low pass filter, one end of the resistor is coupled to the cathode of the diode, and the other end is coupled To one end of the capacitor and the second input of the comparison unit to provide the reference voltage, and the other end of the capacitor is grounded.
  • a reference voltage generating unit includes a resistor and a capacitor to form a low pass filter, one end of the resistor is coupled to the cathode of the diode, and the other end is coupled To one end of the capacitor and the second input of the comparison unit to provide the reference voltage, and the other end of the capacitor is grounded.
  • the noise filtering unit includes a coupling capacitor, a first end of the coupling capacitor coupled to the photoelectric conversion unit, and a second end coupled to the first input of the comparison unit.
  • the photo noise removing unit further includes: a first voltage dividing resistor, the first node of the first voltage dividing resistor is coupled to the power voltage, the second node is grounded, and the intermediate node is coupled to the coupling capacitor The second end and the first input end of the comparison unit, the voltage at the intermediate node is smaller than the reference voltage without the signal source illumination, and greater than the reference voltage if the signal source is illuminated.
  • the comparison unit includes a comparator having a positive input terminal that is the first input of the comparison unit and a negative input terminal that receives the reference voltage.
  • the photo noise removing unit further includes: a reference voltage generating unit coupled to the negative input terminal of the comparator to provide the reference voltage.
  • the reference voltage generating unit includes: a second voltage dividing resistor, the first node of the second voltage dividing resistor is coupled to the power voltage, the second node is grounded, and the intermediate node is coupled to the comparator A negative input terminal to provide the reference voltage.
  • the comparison unit includes a triode whose base is the first input of the comparison unit and is coupled to the output of the noise filter unit, the emitter of the triode is grounded, and the collector passes The resistor is coupled to the power supply voltage, and the collector is configured to output the digital level signal, wherein the reference voltage is a turn-on voltage of the transistor.
  • the optical chip and the authentication device embodying the present invention have the following beneficial effects: the optical signal is detected by means of optical denoising and detecting hopping, the interference is greatly reduced, and the detection accuracy is improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram showing a visible light communication system in which the present invention may be practiced
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing an encoding process of a coding unit according to an aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing a decoding process of a decoding unit according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an exemplary encoded electrical signal in accordance with an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing access control performed by a photonic client in an access control system in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart showing access control performed by an optical chip in an access control system according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing photon lock control performed by a photonic client in a photonic lock system in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing photon lock control performed by an optical chip in a photonic lock system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a diagram showing an exemplary encoded electrical signal in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a light receiving unit according to another aspect of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a block diagram showing components of an optical receiver in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing a target electric signal generated by a photoelectric conversion unit in the absence of ambient light
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram showing a noise electric signal generated by a photoelectric conversion unit under the condition that there is ambient light and no signal light source;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing an electrical signal generated by a photoelectric conversion unit under the condition that there is ambient light and a signal light source;
  • 15 is a schematic diagram showing a target pulse signal output by a light noise filtering unit
  • Figure 16 is a diagram showing a filtered signal of a target pulse signal
  • Figure 17 is a diagram showing a digital level signal output by a comparator
  • Figure 18 is a block diagram showing components of an optical receiver in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the encoding unit 111 can encode the original communication data in any encoding manner.
  • the encoding unit 111 outputs the encoded signal to the light emitting unit 113.
  • the light emitting unit 113 may transmit the received encoded signal in the form of visible light by, for example, indicating a logic high with illumination, and a logic low (or vice versa) with no illumination.
  • the light emitting unit 113 may be an LED or other element having a light emitting function.
  • the photonic client 110 can be a photonic Internet of Things, such as a portable device in a photonic access system, such as a cell phone, tablet, PDA, and optical key.
  • the light key is a key that can realize the opening of the door lock based on visible light communication, and can also be called a photon key.
  • the light emitting unit 113 may be a flash on the mobile phone or an element having a light emitting function externally connected to the mobile phone.
  • the photon receiving end 120 includes a light receiving unit 123 for receiving a visible light signal emitted by the client 110 and converting the visible light signal into a digital signal.
  • a visible light signal emitted by the client 110 and converting the visible light signal into a digital signal.
  • the light receiving unit 123 may include a photosensitive device such as a phototransistor or a photodiode.
  • the electrical pulse signal is formed by photoelectric conversion by utilizing the characteristics of the electrical signal and the optical signal of the phototransistor and the photodiode.
  • the decoding unit 121 receives the electric signal output by the light receiving unit 123 and decodes it to recover the original communication data.
  • the processing unit 122 can control the operations of the decoding unit 121 and the light receiving unit 123.
  • Processing unit 122 may be a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), or the like.
  • the general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processing unit 122 may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
  • Processing unit 122 may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in cooperation with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
  • the photon receiving end 120 may be integrated in the optical chip.
  • the optical chip can be used for the access control end in the photon access control system, the photon lock controlled end in the photon lock system, and the like.
  • the photonic client and photon receiving end in the visible light communication system are described above. It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that in other optical communication systems other than visible light, the photonic client and the photon receiving end can also be used. Communicate using other forms of light, such as infrared light, ultraviolet light, and the like.
  • One aspect of the present invention proposes a new encoding and decoding scheme due to the above-mentioned drawbacks of LED lamps.
  • the information is represented by a change from a state of light to no light, rather than a state of light or no light itself.
  • the information is represented by a level transition rather than a level continuous state itself.
  • the data to be transmitted may be divided into a plurality of data units, each of which contains one or more bits. These data units are then converted into a plurality of electrical signal units, each of which represents the bits of the corresponding data unit by the number of hops of the level.
  • the interval between adjacent electrical signal units is represented by a fixed level.
  • Level transitions can only contain low-to-high transitions, or only low-to-high transitions, and can also include low-to-high transitions and low-power transitions. A flat to high transition.
  • the level duration (herein referred to as the first level duration) within each electrical signal unit and the level duration between adjacent electrical signal units (referred to herein as the second level duration) may be preset.
  • the second level duration may be greater than the first level duration. This size relationship will be significant so that the receiving end can recognize it without errors.
  • the adjustment can be made with the flicker delay value of the light emitting diode as the emission source.
  • the flicker delay value is subtracted based on the desired level duration. For example, if the desired level duration is 3 ms and the flicker delay value is 2 ms, the set level duration is 1 ms.
  • the flicker delay value of the LED can be determined experimentally in advance.
  • the flicker delay value has less effect on the duration of the second level.
  • the adjustment may also be made with the flicker delay value of the light emitting diode as the transmission source.
  • the light-emitting diode is controlled by an electrical signal, which is visible by the light-emitting diode
  • the optical signal is sent in the form of.
  • the decoding process is reversed.
  • the level jump is detected, it is determined as the start of an electrical signal unit; when the detected level duration is greater than the first threshold and less than or equal to the second threshold, the number of times the level jumps is recorded; when detected When the level duration is greater than the second threshold and less than or equal to the third threshold, it is determined that an electrical signal unit ends.
  • the detected level duration is greater than the third threshold, the determination signal is received.
  • the third threshold is greater than the second threshold by more than the first threshold. It will be appreciated that the settings of the first threshold, the second threshold, and the third threshold will refer to the aforementioned first level duration and second level duration.
  • level jump will occur at least once. Therefore, even if all the bit values of an electrical signal unit are 0, it will be represented by a level transition instead of a level continuous state.
  • the coding unit may be the coding unit 111 in FIG.
  • the coding unit can encode the original communication data to be generated by the following steps:
  • step 201 the data to be transmitted is divided into a plurality of data units, and each data unit includes one or more bits.
  • These data to be sent can be text, pictures, audio and/or video.
  • Step 202 Convert the plurality of data units into a plurality of electrical signal units, each of the electrical signal units representing the one or more bits of the corresponding data unit by a number of hops of the level, and having between the adjacent electrical signal units The interval expressed in fixed levels.
  • the rising or falling edge of the level can be used as the start of the transition.
  • the duration of a high (or low) level within an electrical signal unit is 2 ms.
  • Each electrical signal unit has four slave level transitions, including low to high transition and high to low transition, each electrical signal unit representing 2 bits of information, and four electrical signal units. Make up a byte.
  • the number of transitions from low level to high level and high level to low level in an electrical signal unit is 1, it represents information 00; when from low level to high level and high level to low level When the number of transformations is 2, it represents information 01; when the number of transformations from low level to high level and high level to low level is 3, it represents information 10; when from low level to high level and high level When the number of times of low level conversion is 4, it represents information 11.
  • Table 1 The correspondence between the number of transitions from low level to high level and high level to low level and the information it represents is shown in Table 1.
  • the level combination of the electrical signal units corresponding to the information unit can be determined according to the foregoing correspondence table set in advance.
  • each electrical signal unit can represent 1 bit of information, which requires a maximum of 2 hops.
  • each electrical signal unit can represent 3-bit information, which requires up to 8 hops.
  • the second level duration of the high (or low) level between two adjacent electrical signal units is greater than the first level duration, which may be set to 25 ms, which may pass the flicker delay value. Adjustments can also be made without adjustment.
  • each electrical signal unit is combined to obtain an encoded electrical signal.
  • 4 is an exemplary encoded electrical signal showing a relationship between bit values and levels, and the four electrical signal units in the figure have jumps of 2, 4, 1 and 3 levels, respectively.
  • Variable representing 01, 11, 00, and 10, where the level transition refers to a low to high level and a high to low transition, the height between two adjacent electrical signal units ( The duration of the low or low level is 27ms, the combined signal is one byte, its binary representation is 01110010, and the corresponding hexadecimal signal is 0x72.
  • the encoded electrical signal can be transmitted in the form of visible light, for example, light indicates a high level, and no light indicates a low level.
  • Step 302 when the detected level duration is greater than the first threshold and less than or equal to the second threshold, indicating that the electrical signal unit is still continuing, during which the number of level jumps is recorded.
  • the sustained level can be high or Low level.
  • the rising or falling edge of the level can be used as the start of the jump recording.
  • Step 303 when the detected level duration is greater than the second threshold and less than or equal to the third threshold, determining that the electrical signal unit ends.
  • Step 304 When the detected level duration is greater than the third threshold, the determination signal is received.
  • the first, second, and third thresholds For example, setting the first, second, and third thresholds to 0, 25 ms, and 60 ms, respectively, when a rising edge (or falling edge) is detected, timing is started, when the detected high (or low) level duration is greater than 0, and less than or equal to 25ms, record the number of transitions from low level to high level and high level to low level; when the detected high (or low) level duration is greater than 25ms, and less than or equal to 60ms It is considered to be the end mark of an electrical signal unit; when the detected high (or low) level duration is greater than 60 ms, the signal reception is considered complete.
  • the duration of the high (or low) level being greater than the third threshold may also represent a signal reception interruption, restarting the detection signal.
  • Step 305 Convert each received electrical signal unit into a data unit.
  • Step 306 combining a plurality of data units into data to obtain information characterized by visible light signals.
  • 5 and 6 are flow charts respectively showing access control performed by a photonic client and an optical chip in a photonic access control system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the mobile phone can perform the access control by the following steps:
  • Step 501 Divide the identification data to be sent into a plurality of data units in the mobile phone, and each data unit includes one or more bits.
  • each electrical signal unit has four levels of transformation, including low-to-high transitions and high-to-low transitions.
  • Each electrical signal unit represents 2-bit information and four electrical signals. The units make up one byte.
  • the number of transitions from low level to high level and high level to low level in an electrical signal unit is 1, it represents information 00; when from low level to high level and high level to low level
  • the number of transformations is 2, it represents information 01; when the number of transformations from low level to high level and high level to low level is 3, it represents information 10; when from low level to high level and high level
  • the number of times of low level conversion is 4, it represents information 11.
  • Table 1 The correspondence between the number of transitions from low level to high level and high level to low level and the information it represents is shown in Table 1.
  • each electrical signal unit can represent 1 bit of information, which requires a maximum of 2 hops.
  • each electrical signal unit can represent 3-bit information, which requires up to 8 hops.
  • the first level duration can be adjusted by a previously obtained flicker delay value of the light emitting diode as the emission source.
  • the adjustment is made by subtracting the desired first level duration from the flicker delay value to obtain the set first level duration.
  • a first level duration of a high (or low) level within an electrical signal unit is desired to be 2 ms.
  • the set optical signal duration will be less than 2ms, or even 0.
  • the second level duration of the high (or low) level between adjacent two electrical signal units can be set to 25 ms, which can be adjusted either by the flicker delay value or without adjustment.
  • each electrical signal unit is combined to obtain an encoded electrical signal.
  • 4 is an exemplary encoded electrical signal showing a relationship between bit values and levels, and the four electrical signal units in the figure have jumps of 2, 4, 1 and 3 levels, respectively.
  • Variable representing 01, 11, 00, and 10, respectively, where the level transition refers to a low to high level and a transition from a high level to a low level, between adjacent two electrical signal units
  • the duration of the high (or low) level is 27ms
  • the combined signal is one byte
  • its binary representation is 01110010
  • the corresponding hexadecimal signal is 0x72.
  • Step 504 transmitting the encoded electrical signal in the form of a visible light signal.
  • Step 601 The photon access control controlled end receives the visible light signal and converts it into an electrical signal.
  • Step 602 when a level jump is detected, it is determined to be the start of an electrical signal unit, and timing is started.
  • the level jump can be from low level to high level, or vice versa from high level to low level.
  • Step 603 when the detected level duration is greater than the first threshold and less than or equal to the second threshold, indicating that the electrical signal unit is still continuing, during which the number of level jumps is recorded.
  • the sustained level can be high or low.
  • the rising or falling edge of the level can be used as the start of the jump recording.
  • Step 604 when the detected level duration is greater than the second threshold and less than or equal to the third threshold, determining that the electrical signal unit ends.
  • Step 605 When the detected level duration is greater than the third threshold, the determination signal is received.
  • the third threshold is greater than the second threshold by more than the first threshold.
  • the first, second, and third thresholds For example, setting the first, second, and third thresholds to 0, 25 ms, and 60 ms, respectively, when a rising edge (or falling edge) is detected, timing is started, when the detected high (or low) level duration is greater than 0, and less than or equal to 25ms, record the number of transitions from low level to high level and high level to low level; when the detected high (or low) level duration is greater than 25ms, and less than or equal to 60ms It is considered to be the end mark of an electrical signal unit; when the detected high (or low) level duration is greater than 60 ms, the signal reception is considered complete.
  • Step 606 Convert each received electrical signal unit into a data unit.
  • Step 607 The photon access control controlled end combines the plurality of data units into the identification data, thereby obtaining information characterized by the visible light signal.
  • the identification data matches the preset condition, including the identification data being the same as the preset condition; or there is a correspondence between the identification data and the preset condition.
  • the mobile phone is used as the transmitting end of the photon access control system, and the encoded identification data is transmitted as a visible light signal through the LED light of the mobile phone.
  • the photon access control controlled end decodes the visible light signal received from the mobile phone, and then performs authentication according to the identification data obtained by decoding. If the authentication is passed, the control is connected thereto.
  • the door actuator is opened to open the door and improve the user experience.
  • FIG. 7 and 8 are flow diagrams showing photon lock control performed by a photonic client and an optical chip in a photonic lock system, respectively, in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • This embodiment is implemented in a photonic lock system in which the photonic client can be a photonic key and the optical chip can be a photonic lock controlled end.
  • the photon lock controlled end can further use the signal to match, thereby determining whether to unlock.
  • the photonic key can perform photon lock control by the following steps:
  • Step 701 Divide the identification data to be transmitted into a plurality of data units in the photonic key, each data unit comprising one or more bits.
  • Step 703 converting the plurality of data units into a plurality of electrical signal units, each of the electrical signal units representing the one or more bits of the corresponding data unit by a number of hops of the level, and having between the adjacent electrical signal units The interval expressed in fixed levels.
  • the rising or falling edge of the level can be used as the start of the transition.
  • each electrical signal unit can represent N-bit information, and N is a natural number, such as 1-bit information, which requires a maximum of 2 hops.
  • each electrical signal unit can represent 3-bit information, which requires up to 8 transitions, such as low to high or / and high to low in an electrical signal unit.
  • the first level duration can be adjusted by a previously obtained flicker delay value of the light emitting diode as the emission source.
  • the adjustment is made by subtracting the desired first level duration from the flicker delay value to obtain the set first level duration.
  • a first level duration of a high (or low) level within an electrical signal unit is desired to be 2 ms.
  • the set optical signal duration will be less than 2ms, or even 0.
  • the second level duration of the high (or low) level between adjacent two electrical signal units can be set to 25 ms, which can be adjusted either by the flicker delay value or without adjustment.
  • each electrical signal unit is combined to obtain an encoded electrical signal.
  • Figure 9 is an exemplary encoded electrical signal showing a relationship between bit values and levels.
  • the four electrical signal units in the figure have 2, 4, 1 and 3 low levels, respectively.
  • the high level transitions represent 01, 11, 00, and 10, respectively.
  • the duration of the high or low level between two adjacent electrical signal units is 27 ms, and the combined signal is one byte, and its binary representation For 01110010, the corresponding hexadecimal signal is 0x72.
  • Step 704 transmitting the encoded electrical signal in the form of a visible light signal.
  • the LED source of the photonic key needs to be aligned with the receiving photon lock controlled end when transmitting.
  • Step 802 when a level jump is detected, it is determined to be the start of an electrical signal unit, and timing is started.
  • the level jump can be from low level to high level, or vice versa from high level to low level.
  • Step 803 when the detected level duration is greater than the first threshold and less than or equal to the second threshold, indicating that the electrical signal unit is still continuing, during which the number of level jumps is recorded.
  • the sustained level can be high or low.
  • the rising or falling edge of the level can be used as the start of the jump recording.
  • Step 804 when the detected level duration is greater than the second threshold and less than or equal to the third threshold, determining that the electrical signal unit ends.
  • Step 805 When the detected level duration is greater than the third threshold, the determination signal is received.
  • the third threshold is greater than the second threshold by more than the first threshold.
  • the first, second, and third thresholds are set to 0, 25 ms, and 60 ms, respectively, and when a rising edge is detected, timing is started, and when the detected high level duration is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 25 ms, recording is performed.
  • the duration of the low level being greater than the third threshold may also represent a signal reception interruption, restarting the detection signal.
  • Step 806 Convert each received electrical signal unit into a data unit.
  • Step 808 The photon lock controlled end compares the identification data with a preset condition, and if the identification data matches the preset condition, controls the electric lock connected thereto to unlock.
  • the identification data matches the preset condition, including the identification data being the same as the preset condition; or there is a correspondence between the identification data and the preset condition.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a light receiving unit 1000 in accordance with an aspect of the present invention.
  • the light receiving unit 1000 may include a photoelectric conversion unit 1010.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit 1010 can be configured to receive an optical signal and convert the received optical signal into an electrical signal by photoelectric conversion.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit 1010 may include a phototransistor, a photodiode, or the like.
  • the noise electrical signal generated by the photoelectric conversion unit 1010 can be approximated as a direct current signal, or an alternating current signal having a small amplitude and a slow change. Therefore, in the presence of ambient light, the electrical signal generated by the photoelectric conversion unit 1010 after receiving the target optical signal of the signal light source is a pulse signal superimposed with a noise electrical signal.
  • the object decoded by the decoding unit is the digital level signal output by the comparison unit 1022. Since the digital level signal is a clean signal that eliminates optical noise, the decoding efficiency of the decoding unit can be improved, and the optical communication throughput can be further improved.
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing components of the light receiving unit 1100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the light receiving unit 1100 may include a phototransistor Q1 to convert an optical signal into an electrical signal.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit may be used as the photoelectric conversion unit.
  • the light receiving unit 1100 may further include a diode D1 and a resistor R1.
  • the collector of the phototransistor Q1 is coupled to the power supply voltage Vcc (for example, 5V), the emitter of the phototransistor Q1 is coupled to one end of the resistor R1 and the anode of the diode D1, and the other end of the resistor R1 is grounded, where the resistor R1 serves The role of the clamp resistor.
  • the phototransistor Q1 When light is irradiated to the phototransistor Q1 (for example, a signal light source, an ambient light source, or both), a current passing through the phototransistor Q1 is generated due to the photoelectric effect, thereby causing voltage fluctuations at the node S1. This voltage fluctuation on node S1 represents the corresponding electrical signal generated from the photoelectric conversion.
  • a signal light source for example, a signal light source, an ambient light source, or both
  • the target light signal of the signal source is high frequency flashing.
  • the generated electrical signal on S1 is a target electrical signal corresponding to the target optical signal, and the target electrical signal is a high and low level pulse sequence.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic view showing a target electric signal generated by a photoelectric conversion unit in the absence of ambient light. The amplitude of the pulse of the target electrical signal is V1.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram showing a noise electric signal generated by a photoelectric conversion unit under the condition that there is ambient light and no signal light source.
  • the ambient light can be regarded as constant or slower. Therefore, the corresponding noise electrical signal can be approximated as a DC signal with a size of V2, as shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic view showing an electric signal generated by a photoelectric conversion unit under the condition that there is ambient light and a signal light source.
  • the turn-on voltage of the diode D1 is V T .
  • V1 the turn-on voltage of the diode D1
  • the generated electrical signals can cause the diode D1 to be regularly guided according to the pulse sequence of the target electrical signal. And off, thereby generating a target pulse signal corresponding to the target electrical signal at the node S2.
  • the target pulse signal has a pulse sequence that is consistent with the change of the target electrical signal, and the pulse amplitude:
  • V4 V1-V T , only the signal source but no ambient light
  • the comparator CMP herein may correspond to the comparison unit 1022 of FIG.
  • the low pass filter composed of R2 and C1 improves the reference voltage for comparison by the comparator CMP, and thus can be regarded as a reference voltage generating unit.
  • the light receiving unit 1800 may further include a voltage dividing resistor and a transistor Q2.
  • the other end of the capacitor C1 is coupled to the intermediate node of the voltage dividing resistor.
  • the voltage dividing resistor includes resistors R2 and R3.
  • the intermediate nodes of R2 and R3 are also coupled to the base of transistor Q2.
  • the other ends of R2 and R3 are respectively coupled to a power supply voltage Vcc and a ground.
  • the emitter of transistor Q2 is grounded, and its collector is coupled to the supply voltage through resistor R4, which is also used to output a digital level signal Vout.
  • the phototransistor Q1 When light is irradiated to the phototransistor Q1 (for example, a signal light source, an ambient light source, or both), a current passing through the phototransistor Q1 is generated due to the photoelectric effect, thereby causing voltage fluctuations at the node S1. This voltage fluctuation on node S1 represents the corresponding electrical signal generated from the photoelectric conversion.
  • a signal light source for example, a signal light source, an ambient light source, or both
  • the resistance of the voltage dividing resistors R2 and R3 determines the base voltage at node S4. It is easy to understand that the base voltage is the bias voltage of the transistor Q2 when there is no light to illuminate the phototransistor Q1.
  • the target light signal of the signal source is high frequency flashing.
  • the electrical signal generated on S1 is a target electrical signal corresponding to the target optical signal, and the target electrical signal is a high and low level pulse sequence.
  • the electrical signal generated at node S1 is a noisy electrical signal corresponding to ambient light when illuminated by ambient light.
  • ambient light can be considered to be constant or change slowly, so the corresponding noise electrical signal can be approximated as a direct current signal.
  • an electrical signal including both the target electrical signal and the noise electrical signal can be generated on the node S1.
  • the electrical signal at this time is a pulse signal on which a DC noise electrical signal is superimposed on the basis of the target electrical signal.
  • Capacitor C1 acts as an AC and DC. That is, the DC component in the electrical signal cannot reach node S4. As mentioned above, the noisy electrical signal is a direct current signal, or an approximately direct current signal. Thus, the capacitor C1 can effectively filter out the noise electrical signal. Therefore, C1 functions to filter the noise electric signal, corresponding to the noise filtering unit 1021 of FIG. The target pulse signal arriving at node S4 then approximates the target electrical signal, for example having a pulse sequence that is consistent with the change in the target electrical signal.
  • the base voltage V base can be set to be lower than the turn-on voltage of Q2, and after the voltage of the target pulse signal is superimposed, it is larger than the turn-on voltage of Q2.
  • the transistor Q2 can be turned on and off regularly in accordance with the pulse sequence of the target electrical signal. By turning on and off the transistor Q2, a corresponding digital level signal Vout can be output at the collector.
  • the transistor Q2 outputs a digital level signal by comparing the voltage at the node S4 with its own turn-on voltage, which may correspond to the comparing unit 1022 of FIG. Since the reference voltage is the turn-on voltage of the transistor Q2 itself, the comparison unit 222 can be regarded as itself including the reference voltage generating unit, or the reference voltage generating unit is a part of the comparing unit.
  • FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing components of the light receiving unit 1900 according to the third embodiment of the present invention. Similar to FIG. 18, the light receiving unit 1900 may include a phototransistor Q1 to convert an optical signal into an electrical signal. Alternatively, other photosensitive devices such as photodiodes may be used as the photoelectric conversion unit.
  • the light receiving unit 1900 may further include a capacitor C1 and a resistor R1.
  • the collector of the phototransistor Q1 is coupled to a power supply voltage Vcc (for example, 5V).
  • Vcc power supply voltage
  • the emitter of the phototransistor Q1 is coupled to one end of the resistor R1 and one end of the capacitor C1, and the other end of the resistor R1 is grounded.
  • the light receiving unit 1900 may further include a first voltage dividing resistor and a comparator CMP.
  • the other end of the capacitor C1 is coupled to the intermediate node of the voltage dividing resistor.
  • the first voltage dividing resistor includes resistors R2 and R3.
  • the intermediate node of R2 and R3 is also coupled to the positive input terminal of the comparator CMP.
  • the other ends of R2 and R3 are respectively coupled to the power supply voltage Vcc. And grounding.
  • the light receiving unit 1900 may further include a second voltage dividing resistor including resistors R4 and R5.
  • the negative input terminal of the comparator CMP can be coupled to the intermediate node of the second voltage dividing resistor, that is, the connection point of R4 and R5, and the other ends of R4 and R5 are respectively coupled to the power supply voltage Vcc and the ground.
  • FIG. 19 The circuits of Figures 19 and 18 are the same from the left until node S4, i.e., a target pulse signal can be generated at node S4.
  • the difference is that the comparison and output are performed using the comparator CMP as a comparison unit in FIG. That is, the target pulse signal is input to the positive input terminal of the comparator CMP.
  • the negative input terminal of the comparator CMP is coupled to an intermediate node of the second voltage dividing resistor to receive a reference voltage for comparison.
  • the second voltage dividing resistor can be regarded as a reference voltage generating unit.
  • the reference voltage input to the negative input terminal of the comparator CMP can be between the peak and valley of the pulse sequence of the target pulse signal.
  • the CMP can output a logic level signal that reflects the digital logic of the target optical signal emitted by the signal source.
  • the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be a processor, DSP, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), FPGA, or other programmable logic device, designed to perform the functions described herein, Discrete or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, are implemented or executed.
  • the processor can be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor can be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
  • the processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
  • Embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as hardware and instructions stored in hardware, examples of which may be Such as resident in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read only memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM Or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
  • An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor to enable the processor to read/write information from/to the storage medium.
  • the storage medium can be integrated into the processor.
  • the processor and the storage medium can reside in an ASIC.

Abstract

L'invention concerne une puce optique, et un dispositif d'authentification comprenant la puce optique. La puce optique comprend : une unité de conversion optique-électrique, utilisée pour recevoir un signal optique et générer un signal électrique au moyen d'une conversion optique-électrique ; une unité d'élimination de bruit optique, couplée à l'unité de conversion optique-électrique et utilisée pour éliminer un bruit optique parmi les signaux électriques pour délivrer un signal niveau numérique ; et une unité de décodage, couplée à l'unité d'élimination de bruit optique et utilisée pour décoder le signal de bruit numérique.
PCT/CN2017/075623 2016-03-08 2017-03-03 Puce optique pour des communications optiques, et dispositif d'authentification WO2017152812A1 (fr)

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