WO2017149429A1 - Method for manufacturing a thermoformable composite panel comprising a middle layer of which the two faces are covered by a fabric, panel, and associated parts - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing a thermoformable composite panel comprising a middle layer of which the two faces are covered by a fabric, panel, and associated parts Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017149429A1
WO2017149429A1 PCT/IB2017/051123 IB2017051123W WO2017149429A1 WO 2017149429 A1 WO2017149429 A1 WO 2017149429A1 IB 2017051123 W IB2017051123 W IB 2017051123W WO 2017149429 A1 WO2017149429 A1 WO 2017149429A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
textiles
panel
textile
face
sheet
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2017/051123
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Nicolas MALAQUIN
Original Assignee
Malaquin Nicolas
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Malaquin Nicolas filed Critical Malaquin Nicolas
Publication of WO2017149429A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017149429A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/10—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of paper or cardboard
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B32B29/02—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B32B29/08—Corrugated paper or cardboard
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    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/08—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
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    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
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    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/04—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the partial melting of at least one layer
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    • B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
    • B32B37/1027—Pressing using at least one press band
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    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
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    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/02—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising animal or vegetable substances, e.g. cork, bamboo, starch
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    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/045—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/047—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material made of fibres or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/40—Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B2260/023—Two or more layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
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    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
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    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/003—Interior finishings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a thermoformable composite material, a thermoformable panel and various parts comprising the aforementioned panel, the one that can be thermoformed.
  • thermoformable materials make it possible to easily produce very diverse objects without this being very expensive. They are often synthesized from oil in particular and release many volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in their environment. Depending on their concentration, some of these volatile compounds can be dangerous for living things. There is therefore a need for thermoformable materials which, when thermally formed, generate a limited emission of VOCs, or even a zero emission of VOCs.
  • VOCs volatile organic compounds
  • Composite materials that use natural materials such as cork, wood emit little or no VOC. Nevertheless, they are not necessarily thermoformable.
  • GB 1901 1 4420 A1 discloses a composite material which comprises a thin cork sheet covered on one side by a textile which may be of cotton or linen, for example.
  • the resulting composite is deformable. It comes in the form of flexible sheets that retain the flexibility of the textile and cork. This composite presents the properties of cork; it is pleasant to the touch and has a satisfactory aesthetic appearance. On the other hand, it does not make it possible to manufacture rigid and non-deformable elements such as panels. The aforementioned document also does not describe whether the composite is thermoformable.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a thermoformable panel that is recyclable, the materials can be used subsequently to manufacture another object or an identical panel.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a panel as mentioned above which has an aesthetically pleasing appearance.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a particular panel as aforesaid which is bright.
  • the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a thermoformable multilayer composite panel, according to which, in a manner according to the invention,
  • At least one sheet comprising or consisting of a material chosen from cork, agglomerated cork and reinforced cardboard, in particular corrugated cardboard;
  • thermoplastic resin which is covered respectively with a first and a second textile, at least l one of said textiles optionally comprising, at least on their side which is not in contact with said first sheet, a thermoplastic resin;
  • first and second textiles which comprise a thermoplastic resin, in particular in the form of a film, at least on their face in contact with said first sheet, said first and second textiles may also comprise a layer of thermoplastic resin on their face which has not come into contact with said sheet;
  • a first pressure is exerted on said assembly so as to make said molten resin penetrate into said central layer and in said first and second textile and optionally locally is carried out simultaneously or subsequently with the application of said first pressure a second pressure which reduces the thickness of said assembly, said second pressure being exerted at the longitudinal edges of said assembly and / or on a given portion so as to form a hollow pattern;
  • the material obtained is allowed to cool to room temperature or cooled, in particular by conduction, to a temperature substantially equal to or less than the glass transition temperature of said resin and then allowed to cool to room temperature.
  • the method of the invention can thus be implemented in one step, the textiles and the central layer being assembled and then heated, preferably by conduction on both faces of the assembly. It can also be implemented in two stages, by forming a first assembly comprising the central layer and the first textile and then assembling the second textile. When there is only one textile to bond, the heating can also be implemented through the core layer, despite its thermal insulation properties.
  • the Applicant has indeed found that it is possible to manufacture the panel by heating the face of the cork sheet which is not coated with textile; in spite of the thermal insulation provided by the cork sheet, it is possible to melt the resin and to bond the first fabric by heating the latter by conduction through the cork sheet. This is also valid for a cardboard sheet.
  • the method can also be implemented in a single step when the central layer comprises several sheets as mentioned above; then depositing a thermoplastic resin on both sides of the sheets to form the core layer at the same time as the assembly itself.
  • thermoplastic resin may be deposited in the form of a powder or in the form of a layer or a film. It is also possible to use a cork or other sheet which comprises the thermoplastic resin glued in powder form on at least one of its faces. Preferably, one side of the assembly or both faces of the assembly is cooled, in particular by conduction. Preferably, the two faces of the assembly are cooled, even when the latter comprises a single textile.
  • the core layer is made of a cork sheet or a sheet of cardboard and preferably a cork sheet.
  • said textile is a fabric or a knit.
  • thermoplastic resin and a second textile makes it possible to obtain a panel and therefore a rigid composite, contrary to the prior art.
  • the resin is melted and because of the pressure exerted on the assembly while it is in the molten state, it migrates in all the layers of the assembly or at least in a depth of these layers sufficient to obtain a composite rigid and thermoformable. Cooling makes it possible to freeze it in the composite structure, making it rigid and solidifying all the layers.
  • the textile may also comprise a thermoplastic resin in the form of fibers or yarns, in particular in the form of fibers partially forming said textile.
  • the central layer may also comprise at least two sheets selected from cork and reinforced cardboard sheets, in particular two cork sheets.
  • the Applicant has also found that it is possible to form a central layer with two sheets joined together with a thermoplastic resin.
  • the assembly of the central layer is implemented in the same manner as previously exposed, by heating and pressing.
  • the textiles are then fixed as previously exposed; it is also possible to form the core layer at the same time as the assembly itself.
  • thermoplastic resin is not limited but it is advantageously chosen from resins emitting little or no VOC.
  • biodegradable polymers polymers obtained from plant and / or animal raw materials, especially from starting from starch, and is especially chosen from poly (lactic) acids (PLA), poly ( ⁇ -hydroxy butyrate), polyamide 1 1, cellulose acetate and bio-derived polyethylenes.
  • PLA poly (lactic) acids
  • PLA poly ( ⁇ -hydroxy butyrate)
  • polyamide 1 1 1, cellulose acetate and bio-derived polyethylenes.
  • PLA is chosen.
  • the textiles are not limited according to the invention. They may be chosen independently from each other from among linen textiles, in particular linen cloth, cotton textiles, hemp textiles, ramie textiles, jute textiles, kenaf textiles , miscanthus textiles and nettle textiles, textiles having yarns of electrically conductive material on which LEDs may be mounted, in particular textiles of linen, cotton, hemp, ramie, jute, kenaf textiles, miscanthus or nettle textiles incorporating such yarns, textiles comprising light-emitting diodes, in particular flax textiles, in particular linen, cotton, ramie hemp, jute textiles, kenaf textiles, miscanthus and nettle textiles with light-emitting diodes, fire-retardant textiles, in particular flax textiles, in particular flax, textiles of cotton, hemp, ramie, jute textiles, kenaf textiles, flame retardant miscanthus and
  • anti-stain treatment mention may be made of hydrophobized textiles, in particular by a Teflon® treatment.
  • the resin may also comprise clay in powder form which gives it fire resistance.
  • the thermoplastic resin is selected from PLA and may comprise clay in powder form.
  • the present invention also relates to a multi-layer composite panel obtainable according to the method of the invention, said panel comprising a central layer comprising or consisting of a material chosen from cork, agglomerated cork and reinforced cardboard, in particular the corrugated cardboard, a face of which is covered with a first textile secured to the surface of said face by means of a resin layer.
  • said resin is thermoplastic
  • the second face of said central layer is covered with a second textile secured to the surface of said second face by means of a thermoplastic resin
  • said first and / or second textile is / are chosen, possibly independently of one another, in particular from flax textiles, in particular linen cloth, cotton textiles, hemp textiles, ramie textiles, jute textiles , kenaf textiles, miscanthus textiles and nettle textiles, optionally waterproofed and / or flame retarded and in that said panel is thermoformable.
  • the resin is thermoplastic and the second face of said central layer is covered with a second textile secured to the surface of said second face by means of a thermoplastic resin and said first and / or second textile is / are chosen, possibly independently of each other, in particular from linen textiles, in particular linen cloth, cotton textiles, hemp textiles, ramie textiles, jute textiles, kenaf textiles, miscanthus textiles and nettle textiles, possibly waterproofed and / or flame retarded.
  • said textile is a fabric or a knit.
  • At least one surface of said panel emits light.
  • a thermoformable resin which comprises a luminescent compound (phosphorescent or fluorescent) and / or using a textile which comprises fibers comprising a luminescent compound.
  • the panel may also include a light emitting diode (LED) inserted into the panel that is flush with the surface of the panel or illuminates through or through one of the textiles.
  • LED light emitting diode
  • said first and / or second textile comprises at least two electrically conductive wires integrated in the structure of said textile or added to said textile, for example, fixed by embroidery on the textile, and a plurality of light-emitting diodes electrically connected to said electrically conductive wires.
  • the thicknesses of the layers are not limited.
  • the central layer has a thickness substantially equal to or greater than 2 mm and substantially equal to or less than 100 mm and in that said first and / or said second textile has each independently of the other, a thickness substantially equal to or greater than 0.1 mm and substantially equal to or less than 5 mm.
  • the panel has a slice or thickness, it comprises a finishing sheet which extends between said panel faces and covers said slice and said finishing sheet is sewn on said panel.
  • the panel has a thickness covered by one of said first and second textiles and it comprises on its face which is not covered by said textile, a band corresponding to the thickness of said central layer.
  • the panel comprises a groove which extends between two edges of said panel, said groove is open at a face of said panel and its bottom is formed by one of said textiles.
  • the groove thus splits the panel into two parts, which can be folded with respect to one another at the bottom of the groove, because of the flexibility of this textile zone: the bottom of the groove thus makes it possible to articulate the two parts relative to each other and hinge form.
  • the panel comprises at least one of its faces a plurality of micro perforations which pass through said first and / or second textile and thus discover the surface of said central layer.
  • the presence of these micro perforations improves the sound insulation performance of the panel of the invention, in particular the absorption.
  • the panel of the invention can be used for many applications. It can, for example, be used for decoration of walls, for the manufacture of screens by thermoforming, the manufacture of furniture, bottom bag (it is rigid, solid and rot-proof when the central layer is cork)
  • the present invention also relates to a room selected from furniture parts, including shelves, leather goods, including bags, and in particular the bag bottom which comprises at least one panel, the latter being heat-formed; said part can also be obtained by thermoforming a panel as mentioned above.
  • the present invention also relates to a cabin trim element of a vehicle selected from motor vehicles, water vehicles and aircraft which has a shape adapted to the geometry of said cabin which is obtained by thermoforming a panel according to the invention and possibly fixing means to said passenger compartment which are arranged on one of its faces.
  • the term "panel” denotes a non-deformable element having at least one planar face, preferably two opposite planar faces; according to the invention, a panel is in particular sufficiently rigid so that one of its faces remains flat when it is supported along its upper edge against a support, such as a wall, the lower edge being placed on the ground. A panel according to the invention then forms an angle with the wall.
  • the term "sheet” designates an element which has at least one planar face, preferably two opposite planar faces and which is deformable; according to the invention, a sheet is sufficiently deformable to collapse under its own weight when it is placed in abutment against a support, as explained with reference to the term panel.
  • a sheet of this material has a thickness substantially equal to or greater than 1 mm and substantially equal to or less than 10 mm.
  • a sheet of this material has a thickness substantially equal to or greater than 1 mm and substantially equal to or less than 20 mm.
  • reinforced cardboard includes all the composites formed of two sheets of paper between which is interposed a three-dimensional structure of paper; this may be, for example, a carton having a honeycomb internal structure or corrugated cardboard.
  • resin refers to any polymer, homopolymer, copolymer or block polymer as well as any polymer mixture.
  • textile refers to knits, fabrics, nonwovens and fabrics obtained by braiding yarns or ribbons.
  • cork leaf refers to a cork leaf from the bark of the cork oak or a sheet obtained by agglomeration of the cork particles, possibly resulting from the recycling of corks.
  • the sheets obtained by agglomeration of cork particles make it possible to obtain good composites according to the invention.
  • they comprise as agglomerating agent keratin and / or collagen which emit little VOC.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an example of an installation for implementing the method of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cross section of a particular embodiment of the panel according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a front view of a second embodiment of the panel of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows a partial perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the panel according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows the edge of a fifth embodiment of the panel according to the invention.
  • the cork sheet 1 is assembled with a first textile 3.
  • the second textile is then fixed in the same way on the uncovered face of the sheet.
  • the method can also be implemented in a single step depending on the heating means. In the present case, it is possible to produce the panel of the invention in a single step, the heating means heating the two faces of the assembly.
  • the cork sheet 1 and the first textile 3 are in the form of rolls. A portion of the sheet 1 and the first textile 3 is unrolled and a thermoplastic resin 2 is deposited on the surface of the cork sheet 1. When the textile 3 is coated with a solid film of thermoplastic resin is superimposed the face comprising this film on the cork sheet 1. Transport bands 1 10 hold the first textile 3 and the cork sheet 1 superimposed.
  • the at least one face of the first fabric 3 is heated to a temperature substantially equal to or greater than the melting point of the thermoplastic resin without degrading the latter. Heating is carried out by conduction by heating means 120. In the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the heating means 120 heat both sides of the assembly. In the case of FIG.
  • thermoplastic resin and the second textile 4 A rotary press 130 presses the assembly at its two faces. The pressure exerted makes it possible to penetrate the molten resin into the textile 3 and into the central layer 1. It also makes it possible to calibrate the panel, that is to say to give it a given thickness.
  • Conduction cooling means 140 disposed just at the outlet of the press 130 cool the assembly to a temperature substantially lower than or equal to the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic resin. The resin that has penetrated the assembly is thus frozen which ensures the cohesion of the layers of the composite.
  • the second textile is fixed on the face of the sheet 1 not covered in the same manner as mentioned above.
  • the panel of the invention comprises a central layer formed of the cork sheet 1.
  • the two faces of the sheet 1 are covered with a layer of solid thermoplastic resin 2, which makes it possible to fix a first textile 3 and a second textile 4.
  • the panel thus comprises a central layer 1 whose two faces are covered with a textile layer 3 and 4.
  • the two textiles are linens (100% linen) and the resin is PLA.
  • the cork layer 1 has a thickness of 6 mm and the textiles 3 and 4 a thickness of 0.5 mm.
  • the panel comprises a central layer formed of two sheets of corks secured by a layer of thermoplastic resin.
  • the panel has a slice 7 which is covered by a finishing sheet 9.
  • the finishing sheet 9 comes to coat the slice 7 and extends over the textile 3 and the textile 4, taking the sandwich panel. Finishing sheet 9 is attached by stitches 92 to the panel. The yarn forming the stitches 92 passes through the panel and secures the finishing sheet 9 at the edge of the panel.
  • the textile 3 has on its surface 5 light-emitting diodes which are supplied with electricity by means of two son 54 and 55 of electrically conductive material.
  • the son 54 and 55 are added to the textile 3 and fixed by embroideries that also protect them and cover their entire length.
  • the diodes can be connected in series or in parallel.
  • the panel comprises a cavity dug in the central layer and which is closed by at least one of the textiles 3 and 4.
  • a light-emitting diode is disposed in the cavity and illuminates through the textile.
  • the power supply of the diode can be arranged on the surface of the panel, attached to the diode by magnets and thus conduct electricity through the textile located on the other side of the luminous face of the diode.
  • the edge of the panel has a thickness covered with the first textile 3.
  • the wafer 7 shown in FIG. 3 is located at the second face of the panel, which is covered by the second textile 4.
  • This configuration can be obtained by forming a groove in the panel, heating and folding the edge of the panel to come to bring the slice 7 in the groove.
  • the textile 4 does not extend on the edge.
  • the panel thus comprises a cork strip corresponding to the thickness of its central layer 1.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a thermoformable multilayer composite panel. According to the invention, at least one sheet (1) is provided that contains or is made of a material selected from among cork, agglomerated cork and reinforced cardboard, in particular corrugated cardboard; a combination is formed that includes a middle layer of which the two faces are covered by thermoplastic resin covered by a fabric; the obtained combination is heated to a temperature slightly higher than or substantially equal to the melting temperature of the thermoplastic resin; when the resin has melted, a first pressure is applied to the combination such that the melted resin penetrates into the middle layer (1) and into the first and second fabrics (3; 4), and a second pressure is optionally applied locally at the same time as or later than the first pressure, said second pressure reducing the thickness of the combination and being applied to the longitudinal edges of the combination and/or to a specific portion such that an embossed pattern is formed; the obtained material is allowed to cool down to ambient temperature or is cooled, especially using conduction, to a temperature substantially equal to or lower than the glass transition temperature of the resin (2).

Description

PROCEDE DE FABRICATION D'UN PANNEAU COMPOSITE THERMO FORMABLE COMPRENANT UNE COUCHE CENTRALE DONT LES DEUX FACES SONT RECOUVERTES D'UN TEXTILE  METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A FORMATABLE THERMO COMPOSITE PANEL COMPRISING A CENTER LAYER HAVING BOTH SIDES BEEN COVERED WITH A TEXTILE
PANNEAU ET PIECES ASSOCIEES  PANEL AND ASSOCIATED PIECES
La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un matériau composite thermo formable, un panneau thermo formable ainsi diverses pièces comprenant le panneau précité, celui pouvant être thermoformé. The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a thermoformable composite material, a thermoformable panel and various parts comprising the aforementioned panel, the one that can be thermoformed.
Les matériaux thermo formables permettent de réaliser facilement des objets très divers sans que cela soit très coûteux. Ils sont bien souvent synthétisés à partir de pétrole notamment et libèrent de nombreux composés organiques volatiles (COV) dans leur environnement. Selon leur concentration, certains de ces composés volatiles peuvent être dangereux pour les êtres vivants. Il y a donc un besoin pour des matériaux thermo formables qui lorsqu'ils sont thermo formés engendrent une émission limitée de COV, voire une émission nulle de COV.  The thermoformable materials make it possible to easily produce very diverse objects without this being very expensive. They are often synthesized from oil in particular and release many volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in their environment. Depending on their concentration, some of these volatile compounds can be dangerous for living things. There is therefore a need for thermoformable materials which, when thermally formed, generate a limited emission of VOCs, or even a zero emission of VOCs.
Les matériaux composites qui utilisent des matériaux naturels comme le liège, le bois émettent peu ou pas de COV. Néanmoins, ils ne sont pas nécessairement thermo formables.  Composite materials that use natural materials such as cork, wood emit little or no VOC. Nevertheless, they are not necessarily thermoformable.
Par ailleurs, ces matériaux ne sont pas non plus toujours recyclables. Moreover, these materials are not always recyclable.
Le document GB 1901 1 4420 A1 décrit un matériau composite qui comprend une fine feuille de liège recouverte, sur une de ces faces, par un textile pouvant être en coton ou en lin, par exemple. Le composite obtenu est déformable. Il se présente sous la forme de feuilles souples qui gardent la souplesse du textile et de la feuille de liège. Ce composite présente les propriétés du liège ; il est agréable au toucher et présente un aspect esthétique satisfaisant. Il ne permet pas en revanche de fabriquer des éléments rigides et non déformables tels que des panneaux. Le document précité ne décrit pas non plus si le composite est thermo formable. GB 1901 1 4420 A1 discloses a composite material which comprises a thin cork sheet covered on one side by a textile which may be of cotton or linen, for example. The resulting composite is deformable. It comes in the form of flexible sheets that retain the flexibility of the textile and cork. This composite presents the properties of cork; it is pleasant to the touch and has a satisfactory aesthetic appearance. On the other hand, it does not make it possible to manufacture rigid and non-deformable elements such as panels. The aforementioned document also does not describe whether the composite is thermoformable.
Un objet de la présente invention est de proposer un procédé de fabrication d'un panneau composite thermo formable qui émet une faible quantité de COV. Un autre objet de l'invention est de proposer un panneau thermo formable qui émet peu ou pas de COV et présente de bonnes propriétés d'isolation phonique et/ou thermique. An object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a thermoformable composite panel that emits a small amount of VOC. Another object of the invention is to provide a thermoformable panel that emits little or no VOC and has good sound and / or thermal insulation properties.
Un autre objet de l'invention est de proposer un panneau thermo formable qui soit recyclables, les matériaux pouvant être utilisés ensuite pour fabriquer un autre objet ou un panneau identique.  Another object of the invention is to provide a thermoformable panel that is recyclable, the materials can be used subsequently to manufacture another object or an identical panel.
Un autre objet de l'invention est de proposer un panneau tel que précité qui présente un aspect esthétiquement agréable.  Another object of the invention is to provide a panel as mentioned above which has an aesthetically pleasing appearance.
Un autre objet de l'invention est de proposer un panneau notamment tel que précité qui soit lumineux.  Another object of the invention is to provide a particular panel as aforesaid which is bright.
La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un panneau composite multicouches thermo formable, selon lequel, de manière caractéristique selon l'invention,  The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a thermoformable multilayer composite panel, according to which, in a manner according to the invention,
- on fournit au moins une feuille comprenant ou constituée d'un matériau choisi parmi le liège, le liège aggloméré et le carton renforcé, en particulier le carton ondulé ;  at least one sheet comprising or consisting of a material chosen from cork, agglomerated cork and reinforced cardboard, in particular corrugated cardboard;
- on forme un assemblage :  - an assembly is formed:
a) en déposant simultanément ou successivement sur la face supérieure et sur la face inférieure d'une couche centrale comprenant au moins ladite feuille, une résine thermoplastique que l'on recouvre respectivement d'un premier et d'un deuxième textile, au moins l'un desdits textiles comprenant éventuellement, au moins sur leur face qui n'est pas en contact avec ladite première feuille, une résine thermoplastique ; ou a) by depositing simultaneously or successively on the upper face and on the underside of a central layer comprising at least said sheet, a thermoplastic resin which is covered respectively with a first and a second textile, at least l one of said textiles optionally comprising, at least on their side which is not in contact with said first sheet, a thermoplastic resin; or
b) un premier et un deuxième textile qui comprennent une résine thermoplastique, notamment sous forme de film, au moins sur leur face en contact avec ladite première feuille, lesdits premier et deuxième textiles pouvant également comprendre une couche de résine thermoplastique sur leur face qui n'est vient pas en contact avec ladite feuille ; b) a first and a second textile which comprise a thermoplastic resin, in particular in the form of a film, at least on their face in contact with said first sheet, said first and second textiles may also comprise a layer of thermoplastic resin on their face which has not come into contact with said sheet;
- on chauffe l'assemblage ainsi obtenu à une température sensiblement supérieure ou égale à la température de fusion de ladite résine thermoplastique ;  - The assembly thus obtained is heated to a temperature substantially greater than or equal to the melting temperature of said thermoplastic resin;
- lorsque ladite résine est fondue, on exerce une première pression sur ledit assemblage de manière à faire pénétrer ladite résine fondue dans ladite couche centrale et dans lesdits premiers et deuxième textiles et éventuellement on exerce localement simultanément ou ultérieurement à l'application de ladite première pression une deuxième pression qui réduit l'épaisseur dudit assemblage, ladite deuxième pression étant exercée au niveau des bords longitudinaux dudit assemblage et/ou sur une portion donnée de manière à former un motif en creux ; when said resin is melted, a first pressure is exerted on said assembly so as to make said molten resin penetrate into said central layer and in said first and second textile and optionally locally is carried out simultaneously or subsequently with the application of said first pressure a second pressure which reduces the thickness of said assembly, said second pressure being exerted at the longitudinal edges of said assembly and / or on a given portion so as to form a hollow pattern;
- on laisse le matériau obtenu refroidir jusqu'à température ambiante ou on le refroidit, notamment par conduction, jusqu'à une température sensiblement égale ou inférieure à la température de transition vitreuse de ladite résine puis on le laisse refroidir à température ambiante.  - The material obtained is allowed to cool to room temperature or cooled, in particular by conduction, to a temperature substantially equal to or less than the glass transition temperature of said resin and then allowed to cool to room temperature.
Le procédé de l'invention peut ainsi être mis en œuvre en une étape, les textiles et la couche centrale étant assemblés puis chauffés, de préférence par conduction sur les deux faces de l'assemblage. Il peut également être mis en œuvre en deux étapes, par formation d'un premier assemblage comprenant la couche centrale et le premier textile puis l'assemblage du deuxième textile. Lorsqu'il n'y a qu'un textile à coller, le chauffage peut également être mis en œuvre à travers la couche centrale, en dépit de ses propriétés d'isolation thermique. Le Demandeur a en effet constaté qu'il est possible de fabriquer le panneau en chauffant la face de la feuille de liège qui n'est pas revêtue de textile ; en dépit de l'isolation thermique procurée par la feuille de liège, on parvient à faire fondre la résine et à coller le premier textile en chauffant cette dernière par conduction à travers la feuille de liège. Ceci est valable également pour une feuille en carton.  The method of the invention can thus be implemented in one step, the textiles and the central layer being assembled and then heated, preferably by conduction on both faces of the assembly. It can also be implemented in two stages, by forming a first assembly comprising the central layer and the first textile and then assembling the second textile. When there is only one textile to bond, the heating can also be implemented through the core layer, despite its thermal insulation properties. The Applicant has indeed found that it is possible to manufacture the panel by heating the face of the cork sheet which is not coated with textile; in spite of the thermal insulation provided by the cork sheet, it is possible to melt the resin and to bond the first fabric by heating the latter by conduction through the cork sheet. This is also valid for a cardboard sheet.
Le procédé peut également être mis en œuvre en une seule étape lorsque la couche centrale comporte plusieurs feuilles telles que précitées ; on déposer alors une résine thermoplastique sur les deux faces des feuilles pour former la couche centrale en même temps que l'assemblage lui-même.  The method can also be implemented in a single step when the central layer comprises several sheets as mentioned above; then depositing a thermoplastic resin on both sides of the sheets to form the core layer at the same time as the assembly itself.
La résine thermoplastique peut être déposée sous forme de poudre ou sous forme de couche ou de film. On peut également utiliser une feuille de liège ou autre qui comporte la résine thermoplastique collée sous forme de poudre sur au moins une de ses faces. De préférence, on refroidit, notamment par conduction une face de l'assemblage ou les deux faces de l'assemblage. De préférence, on refroidit les deux faces de l'assemblage, même lorsque celui-ci comprend un seul textile. The thermoplastic resin may be deposited in the form of a powder or in the form of a layer or a film. It is also possible to use a cork or other sheet which comprises the thermoplastic resin glued in powder form on at least one of its faces. Preferably, one side of the assembly or both faces of the assembly is cooled, in particular by conduction. Preferably, the two faces of the assembly are cooled, even when the latter comprises a single textile.
De préférence, la couche centrale est constituée d'une feuille de liège ou d'une feuille de carton et de préférence d'une feuille de liège.  Preferably, the core layer is made of a cork sheet or a sheet of cardboard and preferably a cork sheet.
De préférence, ledit textile est un tissu ou un tricot.  Preferably, said textile is a fabric or a knit.
Sans être lié par cette explication, il semble que l'utilisation combinée d'une résine thermoplastique et d'un deuxième textile permet d'obtenir un panneau et donc un composite rigide, contrairement à l'art antérieur. La résine est fondue et du fait de la pression exercée sur l'assemblage pendant qu'elle est à l'état fondu, elle migre dans toutes les couches de l'assemblage ou au moins dans une profondeur de ces couches suffisante pour obtenir un composite rigide et thermo formable. Le refroidissement permet de la figer dans la structure du composite, rendant ce dernier rigide et solidarisant toutes les couches.  Without being bound by this explanation, it seems that the combined use of a thermoplastic resin and a second textile makes it possible to obtain a panel and therefore a rigid composite, contrary to the prior art. The resin is melted and because of the pressure exerted on the assembly while it is in the molten state, it migrates in all the layers of the assembly or at least in a depth of these layers sufficient to obtain a composite rigid and thermoformable. Cooling makes it possible to freeze it in the composite structure, making it rigid and solidifying all the layers.
Selon l'invention, le textile peut également comprendre une résine thermoplastique sous forme de fibres ou de fils, en particulier sous forme de fibres formant partiellement ledit textile.  According to the invention, the textile may also comprise a thermoplastic resin in the form of fibers or yarns, in particular in the form of fibers partially forming said textile.
La couche centrale peut également comprendre au moins deux feuilles choisies parmi les feuilles de liège et de carton renforcé, en particulier deux feuilles de liège. Le Demandeur a également constaté qu'il était possible de former une couche centrale avec deux feuilles solidarisées à l'aide d'une résine thermoplastique. L'assemblage de la couche centrale est mis en œuvre de la même manière que précédemment exposé, par chauffage et pressage. On fixe ensuite les textiles comme précédemment exposé ; il est également possible de former la couche centrale en même temps que l'assemblage lui-même. Comme expliqué précédemment, il est surprenant qu'en dépit de l'isolation thermique apportée par le liège et le carton, il est possible de solidariser deux feuilles, en chauffant par conduction, notamment, la feuille de liège ou de carton.  The central layer may also comprise at least two sheets selected from cork and reinforced cardboard sheets, in particular two cork sheets. The Applicant has also found that it is possible to form a central layer with two sheets joined together with a thermoplastic resin. The assembly of the central layer is implemented in the same manner as previously exposed, by heating and pressing. The textiles are then fixed as previously exposed; it is also possible to form the core layer at the same time as the assembly itself. As explained above, it is surprising that in spite of the thermal insulation provided by cork and cardboard, it is possible to secure two sheets, by heating by conduction, in particular, the cork or cardboard sheet.
Selon l'invention, la résine thermoplastique n'est pas limitée mais elle est avantageusement choisie parmi les résines émettant peu ou pas de COV.  According to the invention, the thermoplastic resin is not limited but it is advantageously chosen from resins emitting little or no VOC.
Elle peut être choisie parmi les polymères biodégradables, les polymères obtenus à partir de matières premières végétales et/ou animales, notamment à partir d'amidon, et est notamment choisie parmi les acides poly (lactiques) (PLA), les poly (β-hydroxy butyrate), le polyamide 1 1 , l'acétate de cellulose et les polyéthylènes bio dérivés. De préférence, on choisit les PLA. It may be chosen from biodegradable polymers, polymers obtained from plant and / or animal raw materials, especially from starting from starch, and is especially chosen from poly (lactic) acids (PLA), poly (β-hydroxy butyrate), polyamide 1 1, cellulose acetate and bio-derived polyethylenes. Preferably, PLA is chosen.
Les textiles ne sont pas limités selon l'invention. Ils peuvent être choisis éventuellement indépendamment l'un de l'autre parmi les textiles de lin, en particulier la toile de lin, les textiles de coton, les textiles de chanvre, les textiles de ramie, les textiles de jute, les textiles de kénaf, les textiles de miscanthus et les textiles d'ortie, les textiles qui comportent des fils en matériau électriquement conducteur sur lesquels des diodes électroluminescentes peuvent être montées, en particulier les textiles de lin, de coton, de chanvre, de ramie, les textiles de jute, les textiles de kénaf, les textiles de miscanthus ou d'ortie comportant de tels fils, les textiles comprenant des diodes électroluminescentes, en particulier les textiles de lin, en particulier la toile de lin, de coton, de chanvre de ramie, les textiles de jute, les textiles de kénaf, les textiles de miscanthus et d'ortie comportant des diodes électroluminescentes, les textiles ignifugés, en particulier les textiles de lin, en particulier la toile de lin, les textiles de coton, de chanvre, de ramie, les textiles de jute, les textiles de kénaf, les textiles de miscanthus et d'ortie ignifugés et les textiles imperméabilisés, en particulier les textiles de lin, en particulier la toile de lin, de coton, de chanvre, de ramie, les textiles de jute, les textiles de kénaf, les textiles de miscanthus et d'ortie imperméabilisés. A titre d'exemple d'ignifugation, on peut citer les textiles recouverts ou imprégnés d'un polymère fluoré cationique.  The textiles are not limited according to the invention. They may be chosen independently from each other from among linen textiles, in particular linen cloth, cotton textiles, hemp textiles, ramie textiles, jute textiles, kenaf textiles , miscanthus textiles and nettle textiles, textiles having yarns of electrically conductive material on which LEDs may be mounted, in particular textiles of linen, cotton, hemp, ramie, jute, kenaf textiles, miscanthus or nettle textiles incorporating such yarns, textiles comprising light-emitting diodes, in particular flax textiles, in particular linen, cotton, ramie hemp, jute textiles, kenaf textiles, miscanthus and nettle textiles with light-emitting diodes, fire-retardant textiles, in particular flax textiles, in particular flax, textiles of cotton, hemp, ramie, jute textiles, kenaf textiles, flame retardant miscanthus and nettle textiles and waterproof textiles, in particular flax textiles, in particular linen , cotton, hemp, ramie, jute textiles, kenaf textiles, waterproof miscanthus and nettle textiles. As an example of fireproofing, mention may be made of textiles coated or impregnated with a cationic fluorinated polymer.
A titre d'exemple de traitement antitache, on peut citer les textiles rendus hydrophobes, notamment par un traitement au Téflon®  As an example of anti-stain treatment, mention may be made of hydrophobized textiles, in particular by a Teflon® treatment.
La résine peut également comprendre de l'argile sous forme de poudre qui lui confère une résistance au feu. De préférence, lorsque l'on désire un composite qui résiste au feu, la résine thermoplastique est choisie parmi les PLA et peut comprend de l'argile sous forme de poudre.  The resin may also comprise clay in powder form which gives it fire resistance. Preferably, when a fire resistant composite is desired, the thermoplastic resin is selected from PLA and may comprise clay in powder form.
La présente invention concerne également un panneau composite multi couches pouvant être obtenu selon le procédé de l'invention, ledit panneau comprenant une couche centrale comprenant ou constituée d'un matériau choisi parmi le liège, le liège aggloméré et le carton renforcé, en particulier le carton ondulé dont une face est recouverte d'un premier textile solidarisé à la surface de ladite face au moyen d'une couche de résine. De manière caractéristique, selon l'invention ladite résine est thermo plastique, la deuxième face de ladite couche centrale est recouverte d'un deuxième textile solidarisé à la surface de ladite deuxième face au moyen d'une résine thermoplastique et ledit premier et/ou deuxième textile est/sont choisis, éventuellement indépendamment l'un de l'autre, en particulier parmi les textiles de lin, en particulier la toile de lin, les textiles de coton, les textiles de chanvre, les textiles de ramie, les textiles de jute, les textiles de kénaf, les textiles de miscanthus et les textiles d'ortie, éventuellement imperméabilisés et/ou ignifugés et en ce que ledit panneau est thermo formable. De manière caractéristique, selon l'invention, la résine est thermoplastique et la deuxième face de ladite couche centrale est recouverte d'un deuxième textile solidarisé à la surface de ladite deuxième face au moyen d'une résine thermoplastique et ledit premier et/ou deuxième textile est/sont choisis, éventuellement indépendamment l'un de l'autre en particulier parmi les textiles de lin, en particulier la toile de lin, les textiles de coton, les textiles de chanvre, les textiles de ramie, les textiles de jute, les textiles de kénaf, les textiles de miscanthus et les textiles d'ortie, éventuellement imperméabilisés et/ou ignifugés. The present invention also relates to a multi-layer composite panel obtainable according to the method of the invention, said panel comprising a central layer comprising or consisting of a material chosen from cork, agglomerated cork and reinforced cardboard, in particular the corrugated cardboard, a face of which is covered with a first textile secured to the surface of said face by means of a resin layer. Characteristically, according to the invention, said resin is thermoplastic, the second face of said central layer is covered with a second textile secured to the surface of said second face by means of a thermoplastic resin and said first and / or second textile is / are chosen, possibly independently of one another, in particular from flax textiles, in particular linen cloth, cotton textiles, hemp textiles, ramie textiles, jute textiles , kenaf textiles, miscanthus textiles and nettle textiles, optionally waterproofed and / or flame retarded and in that said panel is thermoformable. Typically, according to the invention, the resin is thermoplastic and the second face of said central layer is covered with a second textile secured to the surface of said second face by means of a thermoplastic resin and said first and / or second textile is / are chosen, possibly independently of each other, in particular from linen textiles, in particular linen cloth, cotton textiles, hemp textiles, ramie textiles, jute textiles, kenaf textiles, miscanthus textiles and nettle textiles, possibly waterproofed and / or flame retarded.
Les textiles ne sont néanmoins pas limités aux exemples précités.  Textiles are nevertheless not limited to the above examples.
De préférence, ledit textile est un tissu ou un tricot.  Preferably, said textile is a fabric or a knit.
Selon un mode de réalisation, au moins une surface dudit panneau émet de la lumière. Ceci peut être obtenu par exemple, en utilisant une résine thermo formable qui comprend un composé luminescent (phosphorescent ou fluorescent) et/ou en utilisant un textile qui comprend des fibres comprenant un composé luminescent.  According to one embodiment, at least one surface of said panel emits light. This can be achieved for example by using a thermoformable resin which comprises a luminescent compound (phosphorescent or fluorescent) and / or using a textile which comprises fibers comprising a luminescent compound.
Le panneau peut également comprendre une diode électroluminescente (LED) insérée dans le panneau et qui affleure à la surface de ce dernier ou éclaire à travers un des textiles ou à travers les deux.  The panel may also include a light emitting diode (LED) inserted into the panel that is flush with the surface of the panel or illuminates through or through one of the textiles.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, ledit premier et/ou le deuxième textile comprend au moins deux fils électriquement conducteurs, intégrés à la structure dudit textile ou rajoutés sur ledit textile, par exemple, fixés par broderie sur le textile, et une pluralité de diodes électroluminescentes connectées électriquement auxdits fils métalliques électriquement conducteurs. According to a particular embodiment, said first and / or second textile comprises at least two electrically conductive wires integrated in the structure of said textile or added to said textile, for example, fixed by embroidery on the textile, and a plurality of light-emitting diodes electrically connected to said electrically conductive wires.
Les épaisseurs des couches ne sont pas limitées. A titre d'exemple, la couche centrale présente une épaisseur sensiblement égale ou supérieure à 2 mm et sensiblement égale ou inférieure à 100 mm et en ce que ledit premier et/ou ledit deuxième textile présente(nt) chacun, indépendamment l'un de l'autre, une épaisseur sensiblement égale ou supérieure à 0,1 mm et sensiblement égale ou inférieure à 5 mm.  The thicknesses of the layers are not limited. By way of example, the central layer has a thickness substantially equal to or greater than 2 mm and substantially equal to or less than 100 mm and in that said first and / or said second textile has each independently of the other, a thickness substantially equal to or greater than 0.1 mm and substantially equal to or less than 5 mm.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier qui peut être combiné à l'un quelconque des modes de réalisation précités, le panneau présente une tranche ou épaisseur, il comprend une feuille de finition qui s'étend entre lesdites faces du panneau et recouvre ladite tranche et ladite feuille de finition est cousue sur ledit panneau.  According to a particular embodiment which can be combined with any one of the aforementioned embodiments, the panel has a slice or thickness, it comprises a finishing sheet which extends between said panel faces and covers said slice and said finishing sheet is sewn on said panel.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation particulier qui peut être combiné à l'un quelconque des modes de réalisation précités, le panneau présente une épaisseur recouverte par l'un desdits premier et deuxième textiles et il comporte sur sa face qui n'est pas recouverte par ledit textile, une bande correspondant à l'épaisseur de ladite couche centrale.  According to another particular embodiment which can be combined with any one of the aforementioned embodiments, the panel has a thickness covered by one of said first and second textiles and it comprises on its face which is not covered by said textile, a band corresponding to the thickness of said central layer.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation qui peut être combiné avec au moins un des modes de réalisation précités, le panneau comporte une rainure qui s'étend entre deux bords dudit panneau, ladite rainure est ouverte au niveau d'une face dudit panneau et son fond est formé par un desdits textiles. La rainure scinde donc le panneau en deux parties, qui peuvent être pliées l'une par rapport à l'autre au niveau du fond de la rainure, du fait de la souplesse de cette zone en textile : le fond de la rainure permet ainsi d'articuler les deux parties l'une par rapport à l'autre et forme charnière.  According to another embodiment which can be combined with at least one of the aforementioned embodiments, the panel comprises a groove which extends between two edges of said panel, said groove is open at a face of said panel and its bottom is formed by one of said textiles. The groove thus splits the panel into two parts, which can be folded with respect to one another at the bottom of the groove, because of the flexibility of this textile zone: the bottom of the groove thus makes it possible to articulate the two parts relative to each other and hinge form.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation particulier qui peut être combiné à l'un quelconque des modes de réalisation précités, le panneau comporte au moins sur une de ses faces une pluralité de micro perforations qui traversent ledit premier et/ou deuxième textile et découvrent ainsi la surface de ladite couche centrale. La présence de ces micros perforations améliore les performances d'isolation phonique du panneau de l'invention, en particulier l'absorption. Le panneau de l'invention peut être utilisé pour de nombreuses applications. Il peut, par exemple, être utilisé pour la décoration des murs, pour la fabrication de paravents par thermoformage, la fabrication de meubles, de fond de sac (il est rigide, solide et imputrescible lorsque la couche centrale est en liège) According to another particular embodiment which can be combined with any one of the aforementioned embodiments, the panel comprises at least one of its faces a plurality of micro perforations which pass through said first and / or second textile and thus discover the surface of said central layer. The presence of these micro perforations improves the sound insulation performance of the panel of the invention, in particular the absorption. The panel of the invention can be used for many applications. It can, for example, be used for decoration of walls, for the manufacture of screens by thermoforming, the manufacture of furniture, bottom bag (it is rigid, solid and rot-proof when the central layer is cork)
Ainsi, la présente invention concerne également une pièce choisie parmi les pièces de mobilier, notamment les étagères, les pièces de maroquinerie, notamment les sacs, et en particulier les fonds de sac qui comprend au moins un panneau, ce dernier pouvant être thermo formé ; ladite pièce peut également être obtenue par thermo formage d'un panneau tel que précité.  Thus, the present invention also relates to a room selected from furniture parts, including shelves, leather goods, including bags, and in particular the bag bottom which comprises at least one panel, the latter being heat-formed; said part can also be obtained by thermoforming a panel as mentioned above.
La présente invention concerne également un élément d'habillage de l'habitacle d'un véhicule choisi parmi les véhicules automobiles, les véhicules aquatiques et les aéronefs qui présente une forme adaptée à la géométrie dudit habitacle qui est obtenu par thermoformage d'un panneau selon l'invention et qui éventuellement des moyens de fixation audit habitacle qui sont disposés sur l'une de ses faces.  The present invention also relates to a cabin trim element of a vehicle selected from motor vehicles, water vehicles and aircraft which has a shape adapted to the geometry of said cabin which is obtained by thermoforming a panel according to the invention and possibly fixing means to said passenger compartment which are arranged on one of its faces.
Définitions  Definitions
Le terme « panneau >> désigne au sens de la présente invention un élément non déformable présentant au moins une face plane, de préférence deux faces planes opposées ; selon l'invention, un panneau est notamment suffisamment rigide pour que l'une de ses faces reste plane lorsqu'il est appuyé selon son bord supérieur contre un support, tel qu'un mur, le bord inférieur étant posé sur le sol. Un panneau selon l'invention forme alors un angle avec le mur.  For the purposes of the present invention, the term "panel" denotes a non-deformable element having at least one planar face, preferably two opposite planar faces; according to the invention, a panel is in particular sufficiently rigid so that one of its faces remains flat when it is supported along its upper edge against a support, such as a wall, the lower edge being placed on the ground. A panel according to the invention then forms an angle with the wall.
Le terme « feuille >> désigne au sens de la présente invention un élément qui présente au moins une face plane, de préférence deux faces planes opposées et qui est déformable ; selon l'invention, une feuille est suffisamment déformable pour s'affaisser sous son propre poids lorsqu'elle est disposée en appui contre un support, comme exposé en référence au terme panneau. S'agissant du liège, selon l'invention une feuille de ce matériau présente une épaisseur sensiblement égale ou supérieure à 1 mm et sensiblement égale ou inférieure à 10 mm. S'agissant du carton renforcé et notamment du carton ondulé, selon l'invention une feuille de ce matériau présente une épaisseur sensiblement égale ou supérieure à 1 mm et sensiblement égale ou inférieure à 20 mm. For the purposes of the present invention, the term "sheet" designates an element which has at least one planar face, preferably two opposite planar faces and which is deformable; according to the invention, a sheet is sufficiently deformable to collapse under its own weight when it is placed in abutment against a support, as explained with reference to the term panel. As regards cork, according to the invention a sheet of this material has a thickness substantially equal to or greater than 1 mm and substantially equal to or less than 10 mm. With regard to reinforced cardboard and particularly corrugated cardboard, according to the invention a sheet of this material has a thickness substantially equal to or greater than 1 mm and substantially equal to or less than 20 mm.
Le terme « carton renforcé >> regroupe tous les composites formés de deux feuilles de papier entre lesquelles est intercalée une structure tridimensionnelle de papier ; il peut s'agir ainsi, par exemple, d'un carton ayant une structure interne alvéolée ou du carton ondulé.  The term "reinforced cardboard" includes all the composites formed of two sheets of paper between which is interposed a three-dimensional structure of paper; this may be, for example, a carton having a honeycomb internal structure or corrugated cardboard.
Le terme « résine >> désigne tout polymère, homopolymère, copolymère ou polymère à blocs ainsi que tout mélange de polymères.  The term "resin" refers to any polymer, homopolymer, copolymer or block polymer as well as any polymer mixture.
Le terme « textile >> désigne les tricots, les tissus, les non tissés et les tissus obtenus par tressage de fils ou de rubans.  The term "textile" refers to knits, fabrics, nonwovens and fabrics obtained by braiding yarns or ribbons.
Le terme « feuille de liège >> désigne une feuille de liège issue de l'écorce du chêne liège ou une feuille obtenue par agglomération des particules de liège, provenant éventuellement du recyclage de bouchons en liège. Les feuilles obtenues par agglomération de particules de liège permettent d'obtenir de bons composites selon l'invention. De préférence, elles comprennent en tant qu'agent agglomérant de la kératine et/ou du collagène qui émettent peu de COV.  The term "cork leaf" refers to a cork leaf from the bark of the cork oak or a sheet obtained by agglomeration of the cork particles, possibly resulting from the recycling of corks. The sheets obtained by agglomeration of cork particles make it possible to obtain good composites according to the invention. Preferably, they comprise as agglomerating agent keratin and / or collagen which emit little VOC.
Les « termes textile de lin >> ou de toute autre fibre désignent un textile qui comprend au moins 50% de ladite fibre, et de préférence 100% de ladite fibre La présente invention, ses caractéristiques les divers avantages qu'elle procure apparaîtront mieux à la lecture de la description détaillée qui suit de cinq modes de réalisation particuliers de la présente invention, présentés à titre d'exemples d'illustration non limitatifs et qui fait référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :  The terms "linen textile" or any other fiber designate a textile which comprises at least 50% of said fiber, and preferably 100% of said fiber. The present invention, its characteristics and the various advantages it affords, will appear more clearly. reading the following detailed description of five particular embodiments of the present invention, given by way of non-limiting illustrative examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
- la Fig. 1 représente une vue schématique d'un exemple d'installation permettant de mettre en œuvre le procédé de l'invention ;  FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an example of an installation for implementing the method of the invention;
- la Fig. 2 représente une vue schématique d'une coupe transversale d'un mode de réalisation particulier du panneau selon l'invention ;  FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cross section of a particular embodiment of the panel according to the invention;
- la Fig. 3 représente une vue de face d'un deuxième mode de réalisation du panneau de l'invention ;  FIG. 3 is a front view of a second embodiment of the panel of the invention;
- la Fig. 4 représente une vue partielle en perspective d'un quatrième mode de réalisation du panneau selon l'invention ; - la Fig. 5 représente le bord d'un cinquième mode de réalisation du panneau selon l'invention. FIG. 4 shows a partial perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the panel according to the invention; FIG. 5 shows the edge of a fifth embodiment of the panel according to the invention.
En référence à la Fig. 1 , un exemple de mise en œuvre particulier de l'invention va maintenant être décrit. Dans ce mode de réalisation particulier, on assemble la feuille de liège 1 avec un premier textile 3. Le deuxième textile est ensuite fixé de la même manière sur la face non couverte de la feuille. Le procédé peut également être mis en œuvre en une seule étape en fonction des moyens de chauffage. Dans le cas présent, il est possible de réaliser le panneau de l'invention en une seule étape, les moyens de chauffage chauffant les deux faces de l'assemblage.  With reference to FIG. 1, an example of a particular implementation of the invention will now be described. In this particular embodiment, the cork sheet 1 is assembled with a first textile 3. The second textile is then fixed in the same way on the uncovered face of the sheet. The method can also be implemented in a single step depending on the heating means. In the present case, it is possible to produce the panel of the invention in a single step, the heating means heating the two faces of the assembly.
La feuille de liège 1 et le premier textile 3 se présentent sous la forme de rouleaux. On déroule une portion de la feuille 1 et du premier textile 3 et on dépose une résine thermo plastique 2 sur la surface de la feuille de liège 1 . Lorsque le textile 3 est revêtu d'un film solide de résine thermoplastique on superpose la face comprenant ce film sur la feuille de liège 1 . Des bandes de transport 1 10 maintiennent le premier textile 3 et la feuille de liège 1 superposés. On chauffe au moins une la face du premier textile 3 à une température sensiblement égale ou supérieure à la température de fusion de la résine thermoplastique sans dégrader cette dernière. Le chauffage est mis en œuvre par conduction par des moyens de chauffage 120. Dans le cas du mode de mise en œuvre représenté sur la Fig. 1 , les moyens de chauffage 120 chauffent les deux côtés de l'assemblage. Dans le cas de la Fig. 1 , étant donné que l'on chauffe les deux faces de l'assemblage feuille 1 - premier textile 3, il est possible de réaliser le panneau de l'invention en une seule étape si l'on recouvre également la deuxième face de la feuille 1 de résine thermoplastique et du deuxième textile 4. Une presse rotative 130 presse l'assemblage au niveau de ses deux faces. La pression exercée permet de faire pénétrer la résine fondue dans le textile 3 et dans la couche centrale 1 . Elle permet également de calibrer le panneau, c'est-à-dire de lui conférer une épaisseur donnée. Des moyens de refroidissement par conduction 140 disposés juste à la sortie de la presse 130 refroidissent l'assemblage à une température sensiblement inférieure ou égale à la température de transition vitreuse de la résine thermoplastique. La résine qui a pénétré dans l'assemblage est ainsi figée ce qui assure la cohésion des couches du composite. On fixe le deuxième textile sur la face de la feuille 1 non recouverte de la même manière que précité. The cork sheet 1 and the first textile 3 are in the form of rolls. A portion of the sheet 1 and the first textile 3 is unrolled and a thermoplastic resin 2 is deposited on the surface of the cork sheet 1. When the textile 3 is coated with a solid film of thermoplastic resin is superimposed the face comprising this film on the cork sheet 1. Transport bands 1 10 hold the first textile 3 and the cork sheet 1 superimposed. The at least one face of the first fabric 3 is heated to a temperature substantially equal to or greater than the melting point of the thermoplastic resin without degrading the latter. Heating is carried out by conduction by heating means 120. In the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the heating means 120 heat both sides of the assembly. In the case of FIG. 1, since the two faces of the assembly of sheet 1 - first textile 3 are heated, it is possible to produce the panel of the invention in a single step if the second face of the sheet is also covered. 1 of thermoplastic resin and the second textile 4. A rotary press 130 presses the assembly at its two faces. The pressure exerted makes it possible to penetrate the molten resin into the textile 3 and into the central layer 1. It also makes it possible to calibrate the panel, that is to say to give it a given thickness. Conduction cooling means 140 disposed just at the outlet of the press 130 cool the assembly to a temperature substantially lower than or equal to the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic resin. The resin that has penetrated the assembly is thus frozen which ensures the cohesion of the layers of the composite. The second textile is fixed on the face of the sheet 1 not covered in the same manner as mentioned above.
En référence à la Fig. 2, un mode de réalisation particulier du panneau selon l'invention va être décrit. La Fig. 2 ne tient pas compte des épaisseurs relatives des différentes couches. Selon ce mode de réalisation, le panneau de l'invention comprend une couche centrale formée de la feuille de liège 1 . Les deux faces de la feuille 1 sont recouvertes d'une couche de résine thermo plastique solide 2, laquelle permet de fixer un premier textile 3 et un deuxième textile 4. Le panneau comprend donc une couche centrale 1 dont les deux faces sont recouvertes d'une couche textile 3 et 4. Dans le cas présent, les deux textiles sont des toiles de lin (100% lin) et la résine est du PLA. La couche de liège 1 présente une épaisseur de 6 mm et les textiles 3 et 4 une épaisseur de 0,5 mm.  With reference to FIG. 2, a particular embodiment of the panel according to the invention will be described. Fig. 2 does not take into account the relative thicknesses of the different layers. According to this embodiment, the panel of the invention comprises a central layer formed of the cork sheet 1. The two faces of the sheet 1 are covered with a layer of solid thermoplastic resin 2, which makes it possible to fix a first textile 3 and a second textile 4. The panel thus comprises a central layer 1 whose two faces are covered with a textile layer 3 and 4. In this case, the two textiles are linens (100% linen) and the resin is PLA. The cork layer 1 has a thickness of 6 mm and the textiles 3 and 4 a thickness of 0.5 mm.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation non représenté, le panneau comporte une couche centrale formée de deux feuilles de lièges solidarisées par une couche de résine thermoplastique.  According to another embodiment not shown, the panel comprises a central layer formed of two sheets of corks secured by a layer of thermoplastic resin.
En référence à la Fig. 3, un deuxième mode de réalisation du panneau de l'invention va maintenant être décrit. Les couches du panneau n'ont pas été représentées par souci de simplification et de clarté. Le panneau présente une tranche 7 qui est recouverte par une feuille de finition 9. La feuille de finition 9 vient enrober la tranche 7 et s'étend sur le textile 3 et sur le textile 4, prenant le panneau en sandwich. La feuille de finition 9 est fixée par des points de couture 92 au panneau. Le fil formant les points de couture 92 traverse le panneau et solidarise la feuille de finition 9 au bord du panneau.  With reference to FIG. 3, a second embodiment of the panel of the invention will now be described. The layers of the panel have not been shown for the sake of simplicity and clarity. The panel has a slice 7 which is covered by a finishing sheet 9. The finishing sheet 9 comes to coat the slice 7 and extends over the textile 3 and the textile 4, taking the sandwich panel. Finishing sheet 9 is attached by stitches 92 to the panel. The yarn forming the stitches 92 passes through the panel and secures the finishing sheet 9 at the edge of the panel.
En référence à la Fig. 4, un troisième mode de réalisation du panneau de l'invention va maintenant être décrit. Dans ce mode de réalisation, le textile 3 comporte à sa surface des diodes luminescentes 5 qui sont alimentées en électricité au moyen de deux fils 54 et 55 en matériau électriquement conducteur. Dans le mode de réalisation ici représenté, les fils 54 et 55 sont rajoutés sur le textile 3 et fixés par des broderies qui permettent également de les protéger et qui recouvrent toute leur longueur. Les diodes peuvent être connectées en série ou en parallèle. Selon un autre mode de réalisation non représenté, le panneau comporte une cavité creusée dans la couche centrale et qui est fermée par au moins un des textiles 3 et 4. Une diode luminescente est disposée dans la cavité et éclaire à travers le textile. L'alimentation électrique de la diode peut être disposée sur la surface du panneau, fixée à la diode par des aimants et conduire ainsi l'électricité à travers le textile situé de l'autre côté de la face lumineuse de la diode. With reference to FIG. 4, a third embodiment of the panel of the invention will now be described. In this embodiment, the textile 3 has on its surface 5 light-emitting diodes which are supplied with electricity by means of two son 54 and 55 of electrically conductive material. In the embodiment shown here, the son 54 and 55 are added to the textile 3 and fixed by embroideries that also protect them and cover their entire length. The diodes can be connected in series or in parallel. According to another embodiment not shown, the panel comprises a cavity dug in the central layer and which is closed by at least one of the textiles 3 and 4. A light-emitting diode is disposed in the cavity and illuminates through the textile. The power supply of the diode can be arranged on the surface of the panel, attached to the diode by magnets and thus conduct electricity through the textile located on the other side of the luminous face of the diode.
En référence à la Fig. 5, le bord du panneau présente une épaisseur recouverte du premier textile 3. La tranche 7 représentée sur la Fig. 3 est située au niveau de la deuxième face du panneau, laquelle est recouverte par le deuxième textile 4. Cette configuration peut être obtenue par formation d'une rainure dans le panneau, chauffage et pliage du bord du panneau pour venir amener la tranche 7 dans la rainure. Le textile 4 ne s'étend donc pas sur la tranche. Le panneau comporte ainsi une bande en liège correspondant à l'épaisseur de sa couche centrale 1 .  With reference to FIG. 5, the edge of the panel has a thickness covered with the first textile 3. The wafer 7 shown in FIG. 3 is located at the second face of the panel, which is covered by the second textile 4. This configuration can be obtained by forming a groove in the panel, heating and folding the edge of the panel to come to bring the slice 7 in the groove. The textile 4 does not extend on the edge. The panel thus comprises a cork strip corresponding to the thickness of its central layer 1.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS : CLAIMS:
1 . Procédé de fabrication d'un panneau composite multicouches thermo formable, caractérisé en ce que :  1. Process for manufacturing a thermoformable multilayer composite panel, characterized in that:
- on fournit au moins une feuille (1 ) comprenant ou constituée d'un matériau choisi parmi le liège, le liège aggloméré et le carton renforcé, en particulier le carton ondulé ;  at least one sheet (1) comprising or consisting of a material chosen from cork, agglomerated cork and reinforced cardboard, in particular corrugated cardboard;
- on forme un assemblage :  - an assembly is formed:
a) en déposant simultanément ou successivement sur la face supérieure et sur la face inférieure d'une couche centrale comprenant au moins ladite feuille (1 ), une résine thermoplastique (2) que l'on recouvre respectivement d'un premier et d'un deuxième textile (3 ; 4), au moins l'un desdits textiles (3 ; 4) comprenant éventuellement, au moins sur leur face qui n'est pas en contact avec ladite première feuille, une résine thermoplastique (2) ; ou a) depositing simultaneously or successively on the upper face and on the lower face of a central layer comprising at least said sheet (1), a thermoplastic resin (2) which is covered respectively with a first and a second textile (3; 4), at least one of said textiles (3; 4) optionally comprising, at least on their face which is not in contact with said first sheet, a thermoplastic resin (2); or
b) un premier et un deuxième textile (3 ; 4) qui comprennent une résine thermoplastique, notamment sous forme de film, au moins sur leur face en contact avec ladite première feuille, lesdits premier et deuxième textiles pouvant également comprendre une couche de résine thermoplastique sur leur face qui n'est vient pas en contact avec ladite feuille ; b) a first and a second textile (3; 4) which comprise a thermoplastic resin, especially in the form of a film, at least on their face in contact with said first sheet, said first and second textiles may also comprise a layer of thermoplastic resin on their face which does not come into contact with said sheet;
- on chauffe l'assemblage ainsi obtenu à une température sensiblement supérieure ou égale à la température de fusion de ladite résine thermoplastique ;  - The assembly thus obtained is heated to a temperature substantially greater than or equal to the melting temperature of said thermoplastic resin;
- lorsque ladite résine est fondue, on exerce une première pression sur ledit assemblage de manière à faire pénétrer ladite résine fondue dans ladite couche centrale (1 ) et dans lesdits premiers et deuxième textiles (3 ; 4) et éventuellement on exerce localement simultanément ou ultérieurement à l'application de ladite première pression une deuxième pression qui réduit l'épaisseur dudit assemblage, ladite deuxième pression étant exercée au niveau des bords longitudinaux dudit assemblage et/ou sur une portion donnée de manière à former un motif en creux ;  when said resin is melted, a first pressure is exerted on said assembly so as to make said molten resin penetrate into said central layer (1) and into said first and second textiles (3; 4) and optionally it is exerted locally simultaneously or subsequently at the application of said first pressure a second pressure which reduces the thickness of said assembly, said second pressure being exerted at the longitudinal edges of said assembly and / or on a given portion so as to form a recessed pattern;
- on laisse le matériau obtenu refroidir jusqu'à température ambiante ou on le refroidit, notamment par conduction, jusqu'à une température sensiblement égale ou inférieure à la température de transition vitreuse de ladite résine (2) puis on le laisse refroidir à température ambiante. the material obtained is allowed to cool to room temperature or is cooled, in particular by conduction, to a temperature substantially equal to or less than the glass transition temperature of said resin (2) and then allowed to cool to room temperature.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que ladite résine thermoplastique (2) est choisie parmi les polymères biodégradables, les polymères obtenus à partir de matières premières végétales et/ou animales, notamment à partir d'amidon, et est notamment choisie parmi les acides poly(lactiques), les poly(P-hydroxy butyrate), le polyamide 1 1 , l'acétate de cellulose et les polyéthylènes bio dérivés et/ou en ce que lesdits premier et deuxième textiles (3 ; 4) sont choisis éventuellement indépendamment l'un de l'autre parmi les textiles de lin, en particulier la toile de lin, les textiles de coton, les textiles de chanvre, les textiles de ramie, les textiles de jute, les textiles de kénaf, les textiles de miscanthus et les textiles d'ortie, les textiles qui comportent des fils en matériau électriquement conducteur sur lesquels des diodes électroluminescentes peuvent être montées, en particulier les textiles de lin, de coton, de chanvre, de ramie, les textiles de jute, les textiles de kénaf, les textiles de miscanthus ou d'ortie comportant de tels fils, les textiles comprenant des diodes électroluminescentes, en particulier les textiles de lin, en particulier la toile de lin, de coton, de chanvre de ramie, les textiles de jute, les textiles de kénaf, les textiles de miscanthus et d'ortie comportant des diodes électroluminescentes, les textiles ignifugés, en particulier les textiles de lin, en particulier la toile de lin, les textiles de coton, de chanvre, de ramie, les textiles de jute, les textiles de kénaf, les textiles de miscanthus et d'ortie ignifugés et les textiles imperméabilisés, en particulier les textiles de lin, en particulier la toile de lin, de coton, de chanvre, de ramie, les textiles de jute, les textiles de kénaf, les textiles de miscanthus et d'ortie imperméabilisés.  2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said thermoplastic resin (2) is chosen from biodegradable polymers, polymers obtained from plant and / or animal raw materials, in particular from starch, and is particularly chosen among poly (lactic) acids, poly (P-hydroxy butyrate), polyamide 11, cellulose acetate and bio-derived polyethylenes and / or in that said first and second textiles (3; 4) are chosen possibly independently of each other from flax textiles, in particular linen, cotton textiles, hemp textiles, ramie textiles, jute textiles, kenaf textiles, miscanthus and nettle textiles, textiles which comprise yarns of electrically conductive material on which light-emitting diodes may be mounted, in particular textiles of linen, cotton, hemp, ramie, jute textiles, kenaf textiles, miscanthus or nettle textiles incorporating such yarns, textiles comprising light-emitting diodes, in particular flax textiles, in particular linen, cotton, hemp, ramie, jute textiles, kenaf textiles, miscanthus and nettle textiles with light-emitting diodes, flame-retardant textiles, in particular flax textiles, in particular linen, cotton, hemp textiles , ramie, jute textiles, kenaf textiles, flame retardant miscanthus and nettle textiles and waterproof textiles, in particular flax textiles, in particular linen, cotton, hemp, ramie , jute textiles, kenaf textiles, waterproof miscanthus and nettle textiles.
3. Panneau composite multi couche pouvant être obtenu selon le procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, ledit panneau comprenant une couche centrale (1 ) comprenant ou constituée d'un matériau choisi parmi le liège, le liège aggloméré et le carton renforcé, en particulier le carton ondulé dont une face est recouverte d'un premier textile (3) solidarisé à la surface de ladite face au moyen d'une couche de résine (2), caractérisé en ce que ladite résine est thermo plastique, en ce que la deuxième face de ladite couche centrale est recouverte d'un deuxième textile (4) solidarisé à la surface de ladite deuxième face au moyen d'une résine thermoplastique (2) et en ce que ledit premier et/ou deuxième textile (3 ; 4) est/sont choisis, éventuellement indépendamment l'un de l'autre, en particulier parmi les textiles de lin, en particulier la toile de lin, les textiles de coton, les textiles de chanvre, les textiles de ramie, les textiles de jute, les textiles de kénaf, les textiles de miscanthus et les textiles d'ortie, éventuellement imperméabilisés et/ou ignifugés et en ce que ledit panneau est thermo formable. 3. A multi-layer composite panel obtainable according to the process according to any one of the preceding claims, said panel comprising a central layer (1) comprising or consisting of a material chosen from cork, agglomerated cork and reinforced cardboard, in particular corrugated board, one side of which is covered with a first fabric (3) secured to the surface of said face by means of a resin layer (2), characterized in that said resin is thermo plastic, in that the second face of said central layer is covered with a second textile (4) secured to the surface of said second face by means of a thermoplastic resin (2) and in that said first and / or second textile (3; 4) is / are chosen, optionally independently of one another, in particular among the textiles linseed, in particular linen, cotton textiles, hemp textiles, ramie textiles, jute textiles, kenaf textiles, miscanthus textiles and nettle textiles, possibly waterproofed and / or or flame retarded and in that said panel is thermoformable.
4. Panneau selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une surface dudit panneau émet de la lumière.  4. Panel according to claim 3, characterized in that at least one surface of said panel emits light.
5. Panneau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 et 4, caractérisé en ce que ledit premier et/ou le deuxième textile (3 ; 4) comprend au moins deux fils électriquement conducteurs (54 ; 55), intégrés à la structure dudit textile ou rajoutés sur ledit textile et une pluralité de diodes électroluminescentes (5), connectées électriquement auxdits fils électriquement conducteurs (54 ; 55). 5. Panel according to any one of claims 3 and 4, characterized in that said first and / or second textile (3; 4) comprises at least two electrically conductive son (54; 55) integrated in the structure of said textile or added to said textile and a plurality of light-emitting diodes (5), electrically connected to said electrically conductive wires (54; 55).
6. Panneau selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite couche centrale (1 ) présente une épaisseur sensiblement égale ou supérieure à 2 mm et sensiblement égale ou inférieure à 100 mm et en ce que ledit premier et/ou ledit deuxième textile (3 ; 4) présente(nt) chacun, indépendamment l'un de l'autre, une épaisseur sensiblement égale ou supérieure à 0,1 mm et sensiblement égale ou inférieure à 5 mm.  6. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said core layer (1) has a thickness substantially equal to or greater than 2 mm and substantially equal to or less than 100 mm and in that said first and / or said second textile (3; 4) each has, independently of one another, a thickness substantially equal to or greater than 0.1 mm and substantially equal to or less than 5 mm.
7. Panneau selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente une tranche (7) et en ce qu'il comprend une feuille de finition (9) qui s'étend entre lesdites faces du panneau et recouvre ladite tranche et en ce que ladite feuille de finition (9) est cousue sur ledit panneau.  7. Panel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a wafer (7) and in that it comprises a finishing sheet (9) which extends between said faces of the panel and covers said slice and in that said finishing sheet (9) is sewn on said panel.
8. Panneau selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit panneau présente une épaisseur (7) recouverte par l'un desdits premier et deuxième textiles (3 ; 4) et en ce qu'il comporte sur sa face qui n'est pas recouverte par ledit textile, une bande correspondant à l'épaisseur de ladite couche centrale (1 ) ou une rainure qui s'étend entre deux bords dudit panneau, ladite rainure étant ouverte au niveau d'une face dudit panneau et le fond de ladite rainure est formé par un desdits textiles (3 ; 4). 8. Panel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said panel has a thickness (7) covered by one of said first and second textiles (3; 4) and in that it comprises on its face which is not covered by said textile, a strip corresponding to the thickness of said central layer (1) or a groove which extends between two edges of said panel, said groove being open at a face of said panel and the bottom of said groove is formed by one of said textiles (3; 4).
9. Panneau selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins sur une de ses faces une pluralité de micro perforations qui traversent ledit premier et ou deuxième textile (3 ; 4) et découvrent ainsi la surface de ladite couche centrale (3). 9. Panel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least on one of its faces a plurality of micro perforations which pass through said first and second textile (3; 4) and thus discover the surface of said central layer (3).
10. Pièce choisi parmi les pièces de mobilier, notamment les étagères, les pièces de maroquinerie, notamment les sacs, et les éléments d'habillage de l'habitacle d'un véhicule choisi parmi les véhicules automobiles, les véhicules aquatiques et les aéronefs qui présentent une forme adaptée à la géométrie dudit habitacle et éventuellement des moyens de fixation audit habitacle qui sont disposés sur l'une de ses faces, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est comprend au moins un panneau selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, ce dernier pouvant être thermo formé . 10. Piece chosen from furniture parts, in particular shelves, leather goods, in particular bags, and interior trim elements of a vehicle chosen from motor vehicles, aquatic vehicles and aircraft that have a shape adapted to the geometry of said passenger compartment and possibly fixing means to said passenger compartment which are arranged on one of its faces, characterized in that it comprises at least one panel according to any one of the preceding claims, this last can be thermo formed.
PCT/IB2017/051123 2016-02-29 2017-02-27 Method for manufacturing a thermoformable composite panel comprising a middle layer of which the two faces are covered by a fabric, panel, and associated parts WO2017149429A1 (en)

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