WO2017145826A1 - Dispositif à cycle frigorifique - Google Patents

Dispositif à cycle frigorifique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017145826A1
WO2017145826A1 PCT/JP2017/005020 JP2017005020W WO2017145826A1 WO 2017145826 A1 WO2017145826 A1 WO 2017145826A1 JP 2017005020 W JP2017005020 W JP 2017005020W WO 2017145826 A1 WO2017145826 A1 WO 2017145826A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
working medium
hfo
refrigeration cycle
compressor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2017/005020
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
洋輝 速水
正人 福島
高木　洋一
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旭硝子株式会社
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Priority to JP2018501588A priority Critical patent/JPWO2017145826A1/ja
Publication of WO2017145826A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017145826A1/fr
Priority to US16/110,694 priority patent/US20180363965A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/022—Compressor control arrangements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
    • F25B31/006—Cooling of compressor or motor
    • F25B31/008—Cooling of compressor or motor by injecting a liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
    • F25B43/006—Accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
    • C09K2205/126—Unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/24—Only one single fluoro component present
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/01—Heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/08—Refrigeration machines, plants and systems having means for detecting the concentration of a refrigerant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/16—Receivers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/23—Separators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
    • F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/06—Damage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/19—Calculation of parameters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/02—Compressor control
    • F25B2600/025—Compressor control by controlling speed
    • F25B2600/0253—Compressor control by controlling speed with variable speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/02—Compressor control
    • F25B2600/026—Compressor control by controlling unloaders
    • F25B2600/0261—Compressor control by controlling unloaders external to the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2501—Bypass valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2509—Economiser valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2513—Expansion valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
    • F25B2700/1931—Discharge pressures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
    • F25B2700/1933—Suction pressures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
    • F25B2700/21151—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the suction side of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
    • F25B2700/21152—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the discharge side of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
    • F25B2700/21163—Temperatures of a condenser of the refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a refrigeration cycle apparatus using a working medium containing 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene.
  • HFC hydrofluorocarbon
  • GWP global warming potential
  • Patent Document 1 describes a refrigeration cycle apparatus using a working medium containing 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123).
  • refrigeration oil highly compatible with the working medium is stored in the compressor to prevent seizure.
  • a part of this refrigeration oil is discharged out of the compressor together with the working medium.
  • the refrigeration oil discharged to the outside of the compressor accumulates in an accumulator provided on the suction side of the compressor. If the compressor oil in the compressor is insufficient, problems such as seizure occur in the compressor.
  • An oil return mechanism is provided in the refrigeration cycle apparatus so that the refrigeration oil does not accumulate more than a certain amount outside the compressor.
  • an oil return mechanism for example, there is an oil return hole provided in a lead-out pipe or the like in an accumulator (Patent Document 2, etc.).
  • a so-called stagnation phenomenon may occur in which the working medium dissolves in refrigeration oil accumulated outside a compressor such as an accumulator.
  • a working medium containing HFO-1123 depending on the type of components other than HFO-1123, if the temperature of the refrigeration oil is low, the components other than HFO-1123 have higher solubility in the refrigeration oil than HFO-1123.
  • the outside air temperature during operation is low, components other than HFO-1123 are selectively dissolved in the refrigerating machine oil that has been cooled by the ambient air to a low temperature.
  • a non-azeotropic refrigerant or a pseudo-azeotropic refrigerant is used as a working medium in a refrigeration cycle apparatus, since the boiling point of each refrigerant component contained in the working medium is different, an accumulator that stores a large amount of liquid refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle apparatus, In a receiver or the like, a refrigerant component having a high boiling point is likely to stay as a liquid refrigerant than a refrigerant component having a low boiling point.
  • a working medium containing HFO-1123 is used in the refrigeration cycle apparatus, for example, assuming that HFO-1123 has the lowest boiling point among refrigerant components, components other than HFO-1123 are more accumulator than HFO-1123. It tends to stay as a liquid refrigerant in receivers and receivers. For this reason, the ratio of HFO-1123 in the working medium circulating in the refrigeration cycle may increase.
  • a disproportionation reaction is a chemical reaction in which two or more of the same type of molecule react with each other to produce two or more different types of products.
  • a working medium containing HFO-1123 is used in the refrigeration cycle apparatus, the ratio of HFO-1123 in the working medium circulating in the refrigeration cycle is kept below a certain level in order to reduce the risk of disproportionation reaction of HFO-1123.
  • the ratio of HFO-1123 in the working medium circulating in the refrigeration cycle increases due to changes in various conditions such as the outside air temperature during the operation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus, the risk of causing a disproportionation reaction of HFO-1123 increases. .
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above background, and when a working medium containing HFO-1123 is used, a refrigeration cycle apparatus capable of effectively suppressing the occurrence of a disproportionation reaction of HFO-1123.
  • the purpose is to provide.
  • a refrigeration cycle apparatus circulates a working medium containing 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene from a compressor to the compressor via a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator.
  • a refrigeration cycle apparatus having a circulation path for causing the composition of the working refrigerant to change from a steady composition, a composition change detecting means for adjusting the composition of the working medium, and the composition adjustment.
  • Control means for controlling the means, and the control means controls the composition adjusting means based on a detection result by the composition change detecting means.
  • the composition change detection means is a discharge temperature sensor that detects a discharge temperature of the compressor, and the discharge temperature sensor detects the discharge temperature sensor. When the temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature, it is detected that the composition of the working medium has changed from a steady composition.
  • the refrigeration cycle apparatus is the above-described refrigeration cycle apparatus, wherein the composition change detection means is a superheat degree detection means for detecting a superheat degree of the working medium sucked into the compressor.
  • the composition change detection means is a superheat degree detection means for detecting a superheat degree of the working medium sucked into the compressor.
  • a refrigeration cycle apparatus is the above-described refrigeration cycle apparatus, wherein the composition change detection means detects a degree of supercooling of the working medium sucked into the compressor. And detecting that the composition of the working medium has changed when the degree of supercooling detected by the supercooling degree detection means deviates from a predetermined range.
  • the refrigeration cycle apparatus is the above-described refrigeration cycle apparatus, further comprising an accumulator that stores excess working medium between the evaporator and the compressor in the circulation path,
  • the adjusting means is a heater attached to the accumulator, and the control means energizes the heater when the composition change detecting means detects that the composition of the working medium has changed.
  • the refrigeration cycle apparatus is the above-described refrigeration cycle apparatus, further comprising an accumulator for accumulating excess working medium between the evaporator and the compressor in the circulation path,
  • the adjusting means has a hot gas bypass passage for diverting a part of hot gas discharged from the compressor and introducing the hot gas into the accumulator, and an on-off valve provided in the hot gas bypass passage, and the composition
  • the control means opens the on-off valve from the closed state.
  • the refrigeration cycle apparatus is the above-described refrigeration cycle apparatus, wherein the composition adjusting means is a motor that drives a compression mechanism of the compressor, and the composition change detecting means is configured to detect the working medium. When it is detected that the composition has changed, the control means increases the rotational speed of the motor.
  • the refrigeration cycle apparatus is the above-described refrigeration cycle apparatus, wherein the composition adjusting means is the expansion valve, and the composition change detecting means detects that the composition of the working medium has changed.
  • the control means increases the opening of the expansion valve.
  • the refrigeration cycle apparatus is the above-described refrigeration cycle apparatus, further comprising a receiver that accumulates excess working medium between the condenser and the expansion valve in the circulation path.
  • the adjusting means has a liquid refrigerant bypass passage for taking out the liquid refrigerant accumulated in the receiver and injecting it into the intermediate pressure part of the compressor via the auxiliary expansion valve, and the composition change detecting means uses the composition change detection means to compose the working medium.
  • the control means increases the opening of the auxiliary expansion valve.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of a refrigeration cycle apparatus.
  • FIG. 2 is a temperature-entropy diagram showing a change in the state of the working medium of the refrigeration cycle apparatus.
  • FIG. 3 is a pressure-enthalpy diagram showing a change in the state of the working medium of the refrigeration cycle apparatus.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the accumulator.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a composition adjustment mechanism for adjusting the composition of the working medium circulating in the refrigeration cycle.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the superheat degree detection means as the composition change detection means of the first modification.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining superheat degree detection means as composition change detection means of Modification 2.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of a refrigeration cycle apparatus.
  • FIG. 2 is a temperature-entropy diagram showing a change in the state of the working medium of the refrigeration cycle apparatus.
  • FIG. 3 is
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a hot gas introducing unit which is a composition adjusting unit of the third modification.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an accumulator to which a hot gas bypass path in the hot gas introducing means is connected.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the composition adjusting means of the fourth modification.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the composition adjusting means of the fifth modification.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining the composition adjusting means of the sixth modification.
  • the working medium used in the present invention includes 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123).
  • HFO-1123 as a working medium are shown particularly in Table 1 in a relative comparison with R410A (a pseudo-azeotropic refrigerant mixture having a mass ratio of 1: 1 between HFC-32 and HFC-125).
  • the cycle performance is indicated by a coefficient of performance and a refrigerating capacity obtained by a method described later.
  • the coefficient of performance and the refrigeration capacity of HFO-1123 are expressed as relative values (hereinafter referred to as the relative coefficient of performance and relative refrigeration capacity) with R410A as the reference (1.000).
  • the global warming potential (GWP) is a value of 100 years indicated in the Intergovernmental Panel on climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (2007) or measured according to the method. In this specification, GWP refers to this value unless otherwise specified.
  • IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on climate Change
  • the working medium used in the present invention preferably contains HFO-1123, and may optionally contain a compound used as a normal working medium in addition to HFO-1123 as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
  • a compound used as a normal working medium in addition to HFO-1123 examples include HFO other than HFC and HFO-1123 (HFC having a carbon-carbon double bond), other components that vaporize and liquefy together with HFO-1123 other than these, etc. Is mentioned.
  • HFO other than HFC and HFO-1123 HFC having a carbon-carbon double bond
  • the working medium contains such a compound in combination with HFO-1123, a better cycle performance can be obtained while keeping the GWP low, and the influence of the temperature gradient is small.
  • thermo gradient When the working medium contains, for example, HFO-1123 and an optional component, it has a considerable temperature gradient except when the HFO-1123 and the optional component have an azeotropic composition.
  • the temperature gradient of the working medium varies depending on the type of the optional component and the mixing ratio of HFO-1123 and the optional component.
  • azeotropic or pseudo-azeotropic mixture such as R410A is preferably used.
  • Non-azeotropic compositions have the problem of causing composition changes when filled from a pressure vessel to a refrigeration air conditioner. Furthermore, when refrigerant leakage from the refrigeration air conditioner occurs, the refrigerant composition in the refrigeration air conditioner is very likely to change, and it is difficult to restore the refrigerant composition to the initial state. On the other hand, the above problem can be avoided if the mixture is azeotropic or pseudo-azeotropic.
  • Temperature gradient is generally used as an index for measuring the possibility of using the mixture in the working medium.
  • a temperature gradient is defined as the nature of heat exchangers, such as evaporation in an evaporator or condensation in a condenser, with different start and end temperatures. In the azeotrope, the temperature gradient is 0, and in the pseudoazeotrope, the temperature gradient is very close to 0, for example, the temperature gradient of R410A is 0.2.
  • the inlet temperature in the evaporator decreases, which increases the possibility of frost formation, which is a problem.
  • a heat cycle system in order to improve heat exchange efficiency, it is common to make the working medium flowing through the heat exchanger and a heat source fluid such as water or air counter flow, and in a stable operation state Since the temperature difference of the heat source fluid is small, it is difficult to obtain an energy efficient thermal cycle system in the case of a non-azeotropic mixed medium having a large temperature gradient. For this reason, when a mixture is used as a working medium, a working medium having an appropriate temperature gradient is desired.
  • HFC The optional HFC is preferably selected from the above viewpoint.
  • HFC is known to have higher GWP than HFO-1123. Therefore, the HFC combined with HFO-1123 is appropriately selected from the viewpoint of improving the cycle performance as the working medium and keeping the temperature gradient within an appropriate range, and particularly keeping the GWP within an allowable range. It is preferred that
  • an HFC having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is preferable as an HFC that has little influence on the ozone layer and has little influence on global warming.
  • the HFC may be linear, branched, or cyclic.
  • HFC examples include HFC-32, difluoroethane, trifluoroethane, tetrafluoroethane, HFC-125, pentafluoropropane, hexafluoropropane, heptafluoropropane, pentafluorobutane, heptafluorocyclopentane, and the like.
  • HFC 1,1-difluoroethane
  • HFC-152a 1,1,1-trifluoroethane
  • HFC-125 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane
  • HFC-132, HFC -152a, HFC-134a, and HFC-125 are more preferred.
  • One HFC may be used alone, or two or more HFCs may be used in combination.
  • the content of HFC in the working medium (100% by mass) can be arbitrarily selected according to the required characteristics of the working medium.
  • the coefficient of performance and the refrigerating capacity are improved when the content of HFC-32 is in the range of 1 to 99% by mass.
  • the coefficient of performance improves when the content of HFC-134a is in the range of 1 to 99% by mass.
  • the preferred HFC GWP is 675 for HFC-32, 1430 for HFC-134a and 3500 for HFC-125. From the viewpoint of keeping the GWP of the obtained working medium low, the HFC-32 is most preferable as an optional HFC.
  • HFO-1123 and HFC-32 can form a pseudo-azeotropic mixture close to azeotropy in a composition range of 99: 1 to 1:99 by mass ratio. The temperature gradient is close to zero. Also in this respect, HFC-32 is advantageous as an HFC combined with HFO-1123.
  • the content of HFC-32 with respect to 100% by mass of the working medium is specifically preferably 20% by mass or more, and 20 to 80% by mass. % Is more preferable, and 40 to 60% by mass is further preferable.
  • HFOs other than HFO-1123 may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the content of HFO other than HFO-1123 in the working medium (100% by mass) can be arbitrarily selected according to the required characteristics of the working medium.
  • the coefficient of performance improves when the content of HFO-1234yf or HFO-1234ze is in the range of 1 to 99% by mass.
  • composition range (S) A preferred composition range in the case where the working medium used in the present invention contains HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf is shown below as a composition range (S).
  • the abbreviation of each compound is the ratio (% by mass) of the compound with respect to the total amount of HFO-1123, HFO-1234yf, and other components (HFC-32, etc.). Show.
  • the working medium in the composition range (S) has an extremely low GWP and a small temperature gradient.
  • refrigeration cycle performance that can be substituted for the conventional R410A can be expressed.
  • the ratio of HFO-1123 to the total amount of HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf is more preferably 40 to 95% by mass, further preferably 50 to 90% by mass, and more preferably 50 to 85%. Mass% is particularly preferable, and 60 to 85 mass% is most preferable.
  • the total content of HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf in 100% by mass of the working medium is more preferably 80 to 100% by mass, further preferably 90 to 100% by mass, and particularly preferably 95 to 100% by mass. .
  • the working medium used in the present invention preferably contains HFO-1123, HFC-32, and HFO-1234yf, and a preferred composition range (P) in the case of containing HFO-1123, HFO-1234yf, and HFC-32.
  • P a preferred composition range
  • the abbreviation of each compound indicates the ratio (mass%) of the compound with respect to the total amount of HFO-1123, HFO-1234yf, and HFC-32.
  • R composition range
  • L composition range
  • M composition range
  • the total amount of HFO-1123, HFO-1234yf, and HFC-32 specifically described is more than 90% by mass and less than 100% by mass with respect to the total amount of the working medium for heat cycle. It is preferable that
  • the working medium having the above composition is a working medium in which the characteristics of HFO-1123, HFO-1234yf, and HFC-32 are exhibited in a well-balanced manner, and the defects possessed by each are suppressed.
  • this working medium is a working medium that has a very low GWP, has a small temperature gradient, and has a certain capacity and efficiency when used in a thermal cycle, and can obtain good cycle performance.
  • the total amount of HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf with respect to the total amount of HFO-1123, HFO-1234yf, and HFC-32 is preferably 70% by mass or more.
  • the working medium used in the present invention is more preferably composed of 30 to 70% by mass of HFO-1123 and 4 to 4% of HFO-1234yf with respect to the total amount of HFO-1123, HFO-1234yf, and HFC-32.
  • Examples include a composition containing 40% by mass and HFC-32 in a proportion of 0 to 30% by mass, and the content of HFO-1123 with respect to the total amount of the working medium is 70 mol% or less.
  • the working medium in the above range is a highly durable working medium in which the above effect is enhanced and the self-decomposition reaction of HFO-1123 is suppressed.
  • the content of HFC-32 is preferably 5% by mass or more, and more preferably 8% by mass or more.
  • the working medium used in the present invention contains HFO-1123, HFO-1234yf, and HFC-32.
  • the content of HFO-1123 with respect to the total amount of the working medium is 70 mol% or less.
  • the self-decomposition reaction of HFO-1123 is suppressed, and a highly durable working medium can be obtained.
  • a more preferred composition range (R) is shown below. ⁇ Composition range (R)> 10% by mass ⁇ HFO-1123 ⁇ 70% by mass 0% by mass ⁇ HFO-1234yf ⁇ 50% by mass 30% by mass ⁇ HFC-32 ⁇ 75% by mass
  • the working medium having the above composition is a working medium in which the characteristics of HFO-1123, HFO-1234yf, and HFC-32 are exhibited in a well-balanced manner, and the defects possessed by each are suppressed. That is, it is a working medium in which good cycle performance can be obtained by having a low temperature gradient and high performance and efficiency when used in a thermal cycle after GWP is kept low and durability is ensured.
  • composition range (R) preferred ranges are shown below. 20% by mass ⁇ HFO-1123 ⁇ 70% by mass 0% by mass ⁇ HFO-1234yf ⁇ 40% by mass 30% by mass ⁇ HFC-32 ⁇ 75% by mass
  • the working medium having the above composition is a working medium in which the characteristics of HFO-1123, HFO-1234yf, and HFC-32 are exhibited in a particularly well-balanced manner, and the defects possessed by each of them are suppressed. That is, it is a working medium in which GWP is kept low and durability is ensured, and when used in a thermal cycle, the temperature gradient is smaller and the cycle performance is higher by having higher capacity and efficiency. is there.
  • composition range (R) a more preferred composition range (L) is shown below.
  • the composition range (M) is more preferable.
  • the working medium having the composition range (M) is a working medium in which the characteristics of the HFO-1123, HFO-1234yf, and HFC-32 are exhibited in a particularly well-balanced manner, and the drawbacks of the working medium are suppressed.
  • this working medium has a GWP with an upper limit of 300 or less, and durability is ensured, and when used in a heat cycle, the temperature gradient is less than 5.8, and the relative coefficient of performance and relative This is a working medium having a refrigerating capacity close to 1 and good cycle performance.
  • the upper limit of the temperature gradient is lowered, and the lower limit of the relative coefficient of performance x the relative refrigeration capacity is raised. From the viewpoint of a large relative coefficient of performance, 8% by mass ⁇ HFO-1234yf is more preferable. Further, HFO-1234yf ⁇ 35 mass% is more preferable from the viewpoint of high relative refrigeration capacity.
  • another working medium used in the present invention preferably contains HFO-1123, HFC-134a, HFC-125, and HFO-1234yf, and the combustibility of the working medium is suppressed by this composition. More preferably, it includes HFO-1123, HFC-134a, HFC-125, and HFO-1234yf, and the ratio of the total amount of HFO-1123, HFC-134a, HFC-125, and HFO-1234yf to the total amount of the working medium is 90%.
  • the ratio of HFO-1123 to the total amount of HFO-1123, HFC-134a, HFC-125, and HFO-1234yf is 3% by mass or more and 35% by mass or less, and HFC-134a.
  • the ratio of HFC-125 is preferably 4% by mass to 50% by mass, and the ratio of HFO-1234yf is preferably 5% by mass to 50% by mass.
  • the working medium is non-flammable and excellent in safety, has less influence on the ozone layer and global warming, and has better cycle performance when used in a thermal cycle system. It can be set as the working medium which has these. Most preferably, it includes HFO-1123, HFC-134a, HFC-125, and HFO-1234yf, and the ratio of the total amount of HFO-1123, HFC-134a, HFC-125, and HFO-1234yf to the total amount of the working medium is 90%.
  • the ratio of HFO-1123 to the total amount of HFO-1123, HFC-134a, HFC-125, and HFO-1234yf is 6 mass% or more and 25 mass% or less, and HFC-134a. It is even more preferable that the ratio of HFC-125 is 20% by mass to 35% by mass, the ratio of HFC-125 is 8% by mass to 30% by mass, and the ratio of HFO-1234yf is 20% by mass to 50% by mass.
  • the working medium is non-flammable, and is more excellent in safety, has less influence on the ozone layer and global warming, and is even better when used in a heat cycle system.
  • the working medium having a high cycle performance can be obtained.
  • the working medium used in the composition for a heat cycle system of the present invention may contain carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon, chlorofluoroolefin (CFO), hydrochlorofluoroolefin (HCFO) and the like in addition to the above optional components.
  • CFO chlorofluoroolefin
  • HCFO hydrochlorofluoroolefin
  • Other optional components are preferably components that have little influence on the ozone layer and little influence on global warming.
  • hydrocarbon examples include propane, propylene, cyclopropane, butane, isobutane, pentane, isopentane and the like.
  • a hydrocarbon may be used individually by 1 type and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
  • the working medium contains a hydrocarbon
  • the content thereof is less than 10% by weight with respect to 100% by weight of the working medium, preferably 1 to 5% by weight, and more preferably 3 to 5% by weight. If a hydrocarbon is more than a lower limit, the solubility of the mineral refrigeration oil to a working medium will become more favorable.
  • CFO examples include chlorofluoropropene and chlorofluoroethylene.
  • CFO 1,1-dichloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (CFO-1214ya), 1 is easy to suppress the flammability of the working medium without greatly reducing the cycle performance of the working medium.
  • CFO-1214yb 3-dichloro-1,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (CFO-1214yb) and 1,2-dichloro-1,2-difluoroethylene (CFO-1112) are preferred.
  • One type of CFO may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
  • the working medium contains CFO
  • the content thereof is less than 10% by weight with respect to 100% by weight of the working medium, preferably 1 to 8% by weight, and more preferably 2 to 5% by weight. If the CFO content is at least the lower limit value, it is easy to suppress the combustibility of the working medium. If the content of CFO is not more than the upper limit value, good cycle performance can be easily obtained.
  • HCFO examples include hydrochlorofluoropropene and hydrochlorofluoroethylene.
  • HCFO 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HCFO-1224yd)
  • 1-chloro can be used because flammability of the working medium can be easily suppressed without greatly reducing the cycle performance of the working medium.
  • -1,2-difluoroethylene (HCFO-1122) is preferred.
  • HCFO may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the content of HCFO in 100% by mass of the working medium is less than 10% by mass, preferably 1 to 8% by mass, and more preferably 2 to 5% by mass. If the content of HCFO is equal to or higher than the lower limit value, it is easy to suppress the combustibility of the working medium. If the content of HCFO is not more than the upper limit value, good cycle performance can be easily obtained.
  • the total content of other optional components in the working medium is less than 10% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the working medium, and 8% by mass. % Or less is preferable, and 5 mass% or less is more preferable.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment.
  • the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 has a circulation path for circulating a working medium containing 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene from the compressor 10 via the condenser 12, the expansion valve 13, and the evaporator 14 to the compressor 10. Have.
  • An accumulator 11 is provided between the compressor 10 and the evaporator 14 in the circulation path.
  • Compressor 10 compresses the working medium (steam), and refrigeration oil for preventing seizure is stored inside.
  • the refrigerating machine oil is highly compatible with the working medium, and is, for example, a polyol ester oil.
  • the accumulator 11 is a liquid reservoir for storing a refrigerant that becomes excessive in the refrigerant cycle due to a change in operating load or the like, and is provided on the suction side of the compressor 10.
  • the condenser 12 cools the vapor of the working medium discharged from the compressor 10 into a liquid.
  • the expansion valve 13 expands the working medium (liquid) discharged from the condenser 12.
  • the expansion valve 13 is, for example, an electronic expansion valve that is electrically driven to perform an opening / closing operation.
  • the evaporator 14 heats the working medium (liquid) discharged from the expansion valve 13 to make it vapor.
  • the evaporator 14 and the condenser 12 are configured to exchange heat between the working medium and a heat source fluid that flows opposite or in parallel.
  • the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 includes fluid supply means 15 for supplying a heat source fluid E such as water or air to the evaporator 14, and fluid supply means 16 for supplying a heat source fluid F such as water or air to the condenser 12. ing.
  • the discharge pipe 21 is provided with a discharge temperature sensor 33
  • the suction pipe 22 is provided with a suction temperature sensor 34.
  • the discharge temperature sensor 33 detects the temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10.
  • the suction temperature sensor 34 detects the temperature of the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 10.
  • the discharge pressure may be estimated from the temperature or each part temperature detected by the discharge temperature sensor 33, or may be directly detected by providing the discharge pressure sensor 31 in the discharge pipe 21.
  • the suction pressure may be estimated from the temperature or each part temperature detected by the suction temperature sensor 34, or may be directly detected by providing the suction pressure sensor 32 in the suction pipe 22.
  • a liquid side temperature sensor 35 that detects the temperature of the refrigerant is provided on the liquid side of the condenser 12. Furthermore, the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 includes a mechanism that adjusts the composition of the working medium circulating in the refrigeration cycle. A mechanism for adjusting the composition of the working medium will be described later.
  • the working medium vapor A discharged from the evaporator 14 is sucked into the compressor 10 through the accumulator 11. Then, it is compressed by the compressor 10 to become high-temperature and high-pressure working medium vapor B.
  • the working medium vapor B discharged from the compressor 10 is cooled by the fluid F in the condenser 12 and liquefied to become the working medium liquid C.
  • the fluid F is heated to become a fluid F ′ and is discharged from the condenser 12.
  • the working medium liquid C discharged from the condenser 12 is expanded by the expansion valve 13 to become a low temperature and low pressure working medium liquid D.
  • the working medium D discharged from the expansion valve 13 is heated by the fluid E in the evaporator 14 to become working medium vapor A.
  • the fluid E is cooled to become a fluid E ′ and discharged from the evaporator 14.
  • FIG. 2 is a temperature-entropy diagram showing a change in the state of the working medium of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a pressure-enthalpy diagram showing a change in the state of the working medium of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1.
  • FIG. 1 is also referred to as appropriate.
  • adiabatic compression is performed by the compressor 10
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure working medium vapor A is changed to high-temperature and high-pressure working medium vapor B.
  • isobaric cooling is performed by the condenser 12, and the working medium vapor B is used as the working medium C.
  • the expansion valve 13 performs isenthalpy expansion, and the high-temperature high-pressure working medium C is used as the low-temperature low-pressure working medium D.
  • isobaric heating is performed by the evaporator 14, and the working medium D is returned to the working medium vapor A.
  • the working medium In G, the working medium is in a saturated liquid state, and in C, the working medium is in a supercooled liquid state.
  • T3-T4 is the degree of subcooling of the working medium.
  • H the working medium is in a saturated steam state, and in A, the working medium is in a superheated steam state. Assuming that the temperature of the working medium at H is T6 and the temperature of the working medium at A is T1, T1-T6 is the superheat degree of the working medium (superheat).
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the accumulator 11.
  • the accumulator 11 includes a sealed casing 51, an introduction pipe 52, and a lead-out pipe 53.
  • the introduction pipe 52 is inserted into the inside from the upper part of the casing 51, and the opening end opens inward of the upper part of the casing 51.
  • the lead-out pipe 53 includes a bent portion that is inserted into the casing 51 from the top and is bent in a substantially U shape at a portion near the bottom in the casing 51, and has an open end that opens to the top of the casing 51. Yes.
  • An oil return hole 54 is provided in the bent portion of the outlet pipe 53 so that the refrigerating machine oil does not accumulate more than a certain amount.
  • a band-shaped heater 55 is wound around the outer periphery of the casing 51.
  • the working medium dissolves in the refrigeration oil accumulated outside the compressor such as the accumulator 11.
  • a working medium containing HFO-1123 depending on the type of components other than HFO-1123, if the temperature of the refrigeration oil is low, the components other than HFO-1123 have higher solubility in the refrigeration oil than HFO-1123.
  • HFO-1123 when the outside air temperature during operation is low, components other than HFO-1123 are selectively dissolved in the refrigerating machine oil that has been cooled by the ambient air to a low temperature.
  • various conditions such as the outside air temperature may change, and the ratio of HFO-1123 in the working medium circulating in the refrigeration cycle may increase.
  • liquid refrigerant tends to accumulate in places such as the accumulator 11. Moreover, in the location where the liquid refrigerant such as the accumulator 11 tends to accumulate, the refrigerant component having a high boiling point in the working medium is more likely to stay as the liquid refrigerant than the refrigerant component having a low boiling point.
  • Table 2 shows boiling points of typical HFO-1123 and other refrigerant component candidates. Of the refrigerants shown in Table 2, HFO-1123 has the lowest boiling point.
  • the ratio of HFO-1123 in the working medium circulating in the refrigeration cycle is increased, the risk of disproportionation reaction of HFO-1123 increases.
  • the ratio of HFO-1123 in the composition of the working medium is controlled by a mechanism that adjusts the composition of the working medium when the ratio of HFO-1123 in the composition of the working medium increases. Needs to be adjusted so that is within a certain range.
  • the ratio of HFO-1123 is within a certain range in the composition of the working medium, the composition of the working medium is said to be a steady composition.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the composition adjustment mechanism 40 that adjusts the composition of the working medium circulating in the refrigeration cycle.
  • the composition adjustment mechanism 40 includes a composition change detection means 41 that detects that the composition of the working refrigerant has changed from a steady composition, a composition adjustment means 42 that adjusts the composition of the working medium, and a composition adjustment.
  • Control means 43 for controlling the means 42. The control means 43 controls the composition adjustment means 42 based on the detection result by the composition change detection means 41.
  • the discharge temperature sensor 33 is used as the composition change detection means 41 in the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1.
  • the discharge temperature sensor 33 is attached to the discharge pipe 21 that connects the compressor 10 and the condenser 12, and detects the discharge temperature of the compressor 10.
  • the behavior is the same as when the working medium is insufficient, so the discharge temperature rises.
  • the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 when a large amount of liquid refrigerant other than HFO-1123 stays in a place where liquid refrigerant is likely to accumulate, such as the accumulator 11, the same as when the working medium is insufficient. Since it shows a behavior, the discharge temperature rises.
  • the temperature detected by the discharge temperature sensor 33 exceeds a predetermined temperature, it is detected that the composition of the working medium has changed from the steady composition.
  • the composition adjusting means 42 is a heater 55 attached to the accumulator 11.
  • the control means 43 energizes the heater 55.
  • a working medium containing HFO-1123 when HFO-1123 has a lower condensation temperature than components other than HFO-1123, more components than HFO-1123 are present in the accumulator 11 than HFO-1123. It is assumed that the ratio of HFO-1123 in the working medium circulating in the circulation path of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 is increased by dissolving in the accumulated refrigeration oil. Even in such a case, since the refrigerating machine oil accumulated in the accumulator 11 is heated by energizing the heater 55, the refrigerant component dissolved in the refrigerating machine oil is expelled and circulates in the circulation path of the refrigerating cycle apparatus 1. The composition of the working medium can be returned to a steady composition. Thereby, when the working medium containing HFO-1123 is used, the occurrence of the disproportionation reaction of HFO-1123 can be effectively suppressed.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the superheat degree detection means 70 as the composition change detection means 41 in the refrigeration cycle apparatus 101. Constituent elements common to those in FIG. 1 are denoted by common reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
  • the superheat degree detection means 70 determines the saturated steam temperature T ⁇ b> 6 (from the suction pressure Ps (see FIG. 3)) detected by the suction pressure sensor 32.
  • the degree of superheat is detected by subtracting the saturated vapor temperature T6 from the temperature value (T1) detected by the suction temperature sensor 34.
  • the suction pressure Ps used for detecting the degree of superheat is estimated from the suction temperature sensor 34 or the temperature of each part as described above.
  • the refrigeration cycle apparatus 101 when components other than HFO-1123 in the working medium are selectively dissolved in the refrigerating machine oil, the behavior is the same as when the working medium is insufficient, so the degree of superheat increases.
  • the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 when a large amount of liquid refrigerant other than HFO-1123 stays in a place where liquid refrigerant is likely to accumulate, such as the accumulator 11, the same as when the working medium is insufficient. Since it exhibits behavior, the degree of superheat increases.
  • the superheat degree detected by the superheat degree detection means 70 exceeds a predetermined value, it is detected that the composition of the working medium has changed from the steady composition.
  • the predetermined temperature is determined based on the degree of superheat when the composition of the working medium is a steady composition and the refrigeration cycle apparatus 101 is operating stably.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the supercooling degree detection means 80 as the composition change detection means 41 in the refrigeration cycle apparatus 201. Constituent elements common to those in FIG. 1 are denoted by common reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
  • the supercooling degree detection means 80 is based on the discharge pressure Pd (see FIG. 3) of the compressor 10 detected by the discharge pressure sensor 31.
  • a saturated liquid temperature T3 see FIG.
  • the degree of supercooling is detected by subtracting from the temperature value (T4) detected by the liquid side temperature sensor 35 from the saturated liquid temperature T3.
  • the discharge pressure Pd used for detecting the degree of supercooling is estimated from the discharge temperature sensor 33 or the temperature of each part as described above.
  • the degree of supercooling detection means 80 deviates from a predetermined range, it is detected that the composition of the working medium has changed from the steady composition. This predetermined range is determined based on the degree of supercooling when the composition of the working medium is a steady composition and the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 is operating stably.
  • the composition adjustment unit 42 may be a hot gas introduction unit 60 that introduces hot gas discharged from the compressor 10 into the accumulator 111.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the hot gas introduction means 60 in the refrigeration cycle apparatus 301. Constituent elements common to those in FIG. 1 are denoted by common reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
  • the hot gas introduction means 60 is provided in the hot gas bypass passage 61 and the hot gas bypass passage 61 that diverts a part of the hot gas discharged from the compressor 10 and introduces it into the accumulator 111.
  • an open / close valve 62 is normally closed.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the accumulator 111 to which the hot gas bypass passage 61 is connected. Constituent elements common to those in FIG. 4 are denoted by common reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. As shown in FIG. 9, the hot gas bypass passage 61 is connected to the casing 51 so that hot gas is introduced into the accumulator 111.
  • the composition adjusting means 42 may be the compressor 10 (a motor that drives the compression mechanism of the compressor 10).
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the composition adjusting means 42 in the refrigeration cycle 401. Constituent elements common to those in FIG. 1 are denoted by common reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
  • the composition adjustment unit 42 is a motor that drives the compression mechanism of the compressor 10.
  • the control means 43 increases the rotation speed of the motor of the compressor 10.
  • the composition adjusting means 42 may be the expansion valve 13.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the composition adjusting means 42 in the refrigeration cycle 501. Constituent elements common to those in FIG. 1 are denoted by common reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
  • the composition adjusting means 42 is the expansion valve 13.
  • the control means 43 increases the opening of the expansion valve 13.
  • Modification 6 When the refrigeration cycle apparatus is, for example, a large air conditioner, a configuration in which a receiver that accumulates an excess working medium is provided between a condenser and an expansion valve in a circulation path is common.
  • the composition adjustment means 42 (see FIG. 5) may be liquid refrigerant return means for returning the liquid refrigerant accumulated in the receiver to the intermediate pressure portion of the compressor.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining the liquid refrigerant return means 90 in the refrigeration cycle apparatus 601. Constituent elements common to those in FIG. 1 are denoted by common reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. As shown in FIG.
  • the liquid refrigerant return means 90 has a liquid refrigerant bypass path 91 for taking out the liquid refrigerant accumulated in the receiver 17 and injecting it into the intermediate pressure portion of the compressor 10 via the auxiliary expansion valve 92.
  • the auxiliary expansion valve 92 decompresses and expands the refrigerant that is conducted through the liquid refrigerant bypass passage 91, and is configured by, for example, an electronic expansion valve.
  • the auxiliary expansion valve 92 is normally closed.
  • the control means 43 increases the opening degree of the auxiliary expansion valve 92 so that the liquid refrigerant having a high ratio of components other than HFO-1123 accumulated in the receiver 17 is decompressed by the auxiliary expansion valve 92. After being expanded, it is injected into the intermediate pressure portion of the compressor 10.
  • the liquid refrigerant having a high ratio of components other than HFO-1123 injected into the intermediate pressure portion of the compressor 10 is compressed again by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant.
  • the composition of the working medium circulating in the circulation path can be returned to the steady composition.
  • composition change detection means of Modification 3 the composition change detection means of Modification 1 or Modification 2 can be used.
  • composition change detection means of Modification 4 the composition change detection means of Modification 1 or Modification 2 can be used.
  • composition change detection means of Modification 5 the composition change detection means of Modification 1 or Modification 2 can be used.
  • composition change detection means of Modification 6 the composition change detection means of Modification 1 or Modification 2 can be used.
  • the heater energization and hot gas are performed.
  • a method of heating and evaporating the liquid refrigerant retained by the introduction of can be applied. That is, when the composition change detecting means detects that the composition of the working refrigerant has changed from the steady composition, the heater attached to the liquid refrigerant staying place is energized and hot gas is introduced into the liquid refrigerant staying place.
  • the composition of the working medium can be returned to the steady composition by heating the liquid refrigerant retained at the liquid refrigerant retention location.
  • the refrigeration oil accumulated in the crankcase is heated by a crankcase heater or the like, and the refrigerant component dissolved in the refrigeration oil is expelled, so that the composition of the working medium is kept constant. The composition can be restored.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif à cycle frigorifique comprenant un circuit de circulation destiné à faire circuler un agent actif contenant du 1,1,2-trifluoroéthylène à partir d'un compresseur vers ledit compresseur par l'intermédiaire d'un condenseur, d'un détendeur et d'un évaporateur. Le dispositif à cycle frigorifique est muni d'un moyen de détection de modification de la composition, d'un moyen de réglage de la composition et d'un moyen de commande. Le moyen de détection de modification de la composition permet de détecter s'il y a une modification de la composition stable de l'agent actif. Le moyen de réglage de la composition permet de régler la composition de l'agent actif. Le moyen de commande permet de commander le moyen de réglage de la composition sur la base d'un résultat de détection par le moyen de détection de modification de la composition.
PCT/JP2017/005020 2016-02-24 2017-02-10 Dispositif à cycle frigorifique WO2017145826A1 (fr)

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