WO2017143582A1 - 具有防冰装置的隔离开关 - Google Patents

具有防冰装置的隔离开关 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017143582A1
WO2017143582A1 PCT/CN2016/074643 CN2016074643W WO2017143582A1 WO 2017143582 A1 WO2017143582 A1 WO 2017143582A1 CN 2016074643 W CN2016074643 W CN 2016074643W WO 2017143582 A1 WO2017143582 A1 WO 2017143582A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
knife
main
ground
icing
ice
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/074643
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张建
汪瀚
刘璿
Original Assignee
Abb 瑞士股份有限公司
张建
汪瀚
刘璿
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abb 瑞士股份有限公司, 张建, 汪瀚, 刘璿 filed Critical Abb 瑞士股份有限公司
Priority to CN201680080966.8A priority Critical patent/CN108604511B/zh
Priority to DK16891036.2T priority patent/DK3422380T3/da
Priority to EP16891036.2A priority patent/EP3422380B1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2016/074643 priority patent/WO2017143582A1/zh
Publication of WO2017143582A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017143582A1/zh
Priority to US15/998,469 priority patent/US10622166B2/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/64—Protective enclosures, baffle plates, or screens for contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/32—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts
    • H01H3/46—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts using rod or lever linkage, e.g. toggle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/20—Interlocking, locking, or latching mechanisms
    • H01H9/26—Interlocking, locking, or latching mechanisms for interlocking two or more switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2223/00—Casings
    • H01H2223/044—Protecting cover
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2239/00—Miscellaneous
    • H01H2239/018—Ground conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2239/00—Miscellaneous
    • H01H2239/044—High voltage application
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H31/003—Earthing switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H31/34—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means with movable contact adapted to engage an overhead transmission line, e.g. for branching
    • H01H31/36—Contact moved by pantograph

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of electric power equipment, and relates to an isolating switch with an anti-icing device, in particular to an isolating switch with an earthing switch with an anti-icing device.
  • the isolating switch has an insulation distance and an obvious disconnection mark between the contacts in the opening position, and can carry the current under the normal circuit condition in the closing position and abnormal conditions (such as short circuit) within the specified time.
  • the isolating switch is an important switchgear in the power system. Its main function is to ensure the safety of the high-voltage electrical appliances and devices during maintenance work and to isolate the voltage.
  • the winter temperature is very low, and the use environment is harsh.
  • the snow and ice that covers the outdoor isolation switch for a long time will affect the reliability of the opening and closing action, so that the isolating switch contacts are Isolation of ice is not fully conductive, causing operational failures that threaten the operation of the power system and the safety of the grid.
  • the existing isolating switch solves the problem of ice coating.
  • the contact has the ability to break ice at the moment of closing, for example, the clamping of the movable contact and the static contact of the isolating switch has a clamping moment. After the sliding process, the ice layer is broken.
  • the method of increasing the contact clamping force to break the ice coating can only break the ice of a certain thickness, and cause the contact to wear, the manipulation force is large, the rigidity requirement is high, and the output torque of the mechanism is increased, and the cost is excessive. High defects.
  • the thickness of the ice layer covered by the outdoor isolation switch in the cold regions of northern China may reach 20mm or even, and the existing isolation switch is difficult to ensure the normal use of the isolating switch under the environment of 10mm ice coating, thus affecting the high temperature icing of the power equipment. Operation in the environment does not guarantee the entire power system. The safe and stable operation, even when the ice is severe, the high-voltage isolating switch can not even be separated.
  • a light energy ice-breaking auxiliary device that is, solar energy is concentrated to a photothermal converter, and light energy is converted into heat energy to achieve the purpose of heating and deicing.
  • the ice-eliminating device and other principles of the heating de-icing auxiliary device have a complicated structure and low reliability, and cannot meet the needs of actual work.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art, and to provide an isolating switch with an anti-icing device, so that the opening and closing action of the outdoor isolating switch can be reliably performed, thereby ensuring the normal use of the isolating switch in a cold area.
  • the technical solution of the present invention provides an isolating switch having an anti-icing device.
  • the isolating switch comprises a main cutter moving contact, a main cutter arm, a main knife static contact and a main cutter transmission, wherein the main cutter transmission device is used for driving the main cutter arm movement, and further comprises a main knife anti-icing device, wherein the main knife anti-icing device comprises a main knife anti-icing cover and a main knife anti-icing cover driving device, wherein the main knife anti-icing cover driving device is configured to drive the main knife anti-icing cover, so that the main knife anti-icing cover blocks the main knife moving contact when in an open state Preventing snow and rain from covering the surface of the main cutter moving contact, and moving the main knife anti-icing cover away from the main knife moving contact when the closing state is enabled, so that the main knife moving contact can contact the main knife static Contact.
  • the main knife ice shield drive includes a joint and a drive shaft, one end of the drive shaft being coupled to the main arm by the joint for use with the main arm Movement, the other end of the drive shaft is coupled to the main knife ice shield.
  • the main knife ice shield drive includes a main knife slide rail, the main knife slide rail being fixed to the main knife arm for causing the main knife ice shield along the main knife The slide moves.
  • the main knife ice shield is comprised of a first portion having an opening that is larger than an opening of the second portion for preventing movement from a trip state to a joint In the gate state, the movement of the main knife ice shield is hindered by the ice layer covered by the main knife arm or the main knife moving contact.
  • the main knife ice shield has a cross section of an arc shape, an inverted U shape, an inverted V shape, a trapezoidal upper half or a combination of the above shapes for reliably blocking the main knife movement.
  • the contacts are beneficial for ice and snow and rain.
  • the main knife anti-icing device further includes a static contact ice shield for shielding the main knife static contact from snow and rain covering the main knife static contact surface.
  • the main blade static contact comprises a metal fitting, an aluminum stranded wire, a holding clamp fitting and a static contact copper bar, and the static contact ice shielding cover is used for shielding the static contact copper. Baton.
  • the static contact ice shield has a cross section of an arc shape, an inverted U shape, an inverted V shape, a trapezoidal upper half or a combination of the above shapes for reliably blocking the
  • the main knife is a static contact and helps to snow and rain.
  • the isolating switch further includes an attached grounding switch, the grounding switch comprising a grounding knife static contact, an insulator, a grounding knife, a grounding knife moving contact and a base, the grounding switch
  • the utility model further comprises a ground knife anti-icing device, wherein the ground knife anti-icing device comprises a ground knife anti-icing cover and a ground knife anti-icing cover driving device, wherein the ground knife anti-icing cover driving device is used for driving the ground knife anti-icing cover So that the ground knife anti-icing cover blocks the movable contact of the ground knife in the opening state, thereby avoiding Snow and rain cover the surface of the ground moving contact, and when the closing state, the grounding knife ice shield is removed from the ground moving contact, so that the ground moving contact can contact the ground Ground knife static contact.
  • the ground knife ice shield driving device includes a crank and a connecting rod, one end of the ground knife is coupled to the base, and the crank is coupled to the base and the ground knife Between the two ends of the connecting rod is fixed on the ground knife, and the other end is connected to the ground knife anti-icing cover.
  • the ground knife anti-icing cover driving device comprises a ground knife slide rail, and the ground knife slide rail is fixed on the ground knife for making the ground knife anti-icing cover The knife slide moves.
  • the ground knife ice shield is composed of a front section and a rear section, and the opening of the front section is larger than the opening of the rear section for preventing movement from the opening state to the closing state.
  • the movement of the ground knife anti-icing cover is hindered by the ice layer covered by the ground knife or the ground knife moving contact.
  • the cross-section of the ground knife ice shield is curved, inverted U-shaped, inverted V-shaped, trapezoidal upper half or a combination of the above shapes for reliably shielding the ground
  • the knife moves the contacts and helps the ice and snow to fall.
  • the isolating switch with the anti-icing device of the invention has the advantages of simple and compact structure, convenient operation and reliable operation.
  • a shielding cover on the moving contact piece, a sealing space is formed above the moving contact to prevent water and snow from covering the surface, so that the moving contact does not cover the ice layer, and the closing operation is more labor-saving.
  • the present invention further utilizes the transmission of the isolating switch itself to realize the driving of the anti-icing device, the structure of the isolating switch with the anti-icing device of the present invention is very compact.
  • the anti-icing device of the present invention can be used without changing the working principle. It is available in a variety of shapes and sizes to flexibly adapt to different isolating switches and is highly versatile.
  • the anti-icing device of the present invention can also be conveniently installed as an assembly on an existing isolation switch, and the technical effect of anti-icing can be realized without replacing the existing isolation switch with a new isolation switch having an anti-icing device. Therefore, the transformation cost of the existing equipment is greatly saved.
  • the technical solution of the invention greatly improves the stability and reliability of the isolating switch in the high and cold regions, and can not only be applied to the ice coating product of 10 mm, but also further fills the blank of the ice coating product of 20 mm or more, and has strong versatility.
  • the utility model can be applied to various isolation switches, and the modification of the existing isolation switch can be easily realized by using the technical solution of the invention.
  • Figure 1 is an overall schematic view of an isolating switch in a trip position in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is an overall schematic view of the disconnector in the closed position in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a front elevational view of the disconnector in a closed position in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of the disconnector in a closed position in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5A is a perspective view of an ice shield of an isolating switch or a grounding switch in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5B is a perspective view of an ice shield of an isolating switch or grounding switch in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of a main knife static contact of an isolating switch in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of an earthing switch of an isolating switch according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a front elevational view of the grounding switch of the disconnector in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic illustration of a grounding switch of an isolating switch in a trip position in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic illustration of the grounding switch of the disconnector in an intermediate position in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic illustration of the grounding switch of the disconnector in the closed position in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1-3 illustrate an isolating switch with an anti-icing device in accordance with the present invention, by forming a sealed space above the moving contact to prevent water and snow from covering the surface, so that the moving contact does not cover the ice layer, Make the closing operation more reliable.
  • the isolating switch comprises a main knife moving contact 1, a main tool arm 3, a main tool static contact 5 and a main knife transmission 4, and the main knife transmission 4 drives the main tool arm 3 to move.
  • the main knife anti-icing device comprises a main knife anti-icing cover 2 and a main knife anti-icing cover driving device, wherein the main knife anti-icing cover driving device drives the main knife anti-icing cover 2.
  • the main knife anti-icing cover 2 in the opening state, as shown in FIG. 1, can block the main blade moving contact 1 to prevent ice, snow and rain from covering the surface of the main blade moving contact 1.
  • the main knife anti-icing cover 2 can remove the main tool moving contact 1 so that the main tool moving contact 1 can reliably contact the main knife static contact 5.
  • the main knife anti-ice cover driving device may be various suitable transmission mechanisms, preferably a structure similar to a crank slider, that is, including a joint 6 and a transmission shaft 8, one end of the transmission shaft 8 being connected to the main knife arm 3 via a joint 6.
  • the main knife arm 3 is moved together, and the other end is connected to the main knife anti-icing cover 2 to drive the main knife anti-icing cover 2 to move.
  • the main knife anti-icing cover driving device may further comprise a main knife sliding rail 7 which is fixed on the main knife arm 3 so that the main knife anti-icing cover 2 is along the main knife sliding rail 7 mobile.
  • an ice-dissipating structure can be disposed on the main knife anti-icing cover 2 to achieve reliable movement of the main knife anti-icing cover 2.
  • the main knife ice shield 2 may be composed of a first portion 18 and a second portion 19, the opening of the first portion 18 being larger than the opening of the second portion 19, thereby preventing movement of the main knife ice shield 2 when moving from the open state to the closed state. Obstructed by the ice layer covered by the main knife arm 3 or the main knife moving contact 1. It is also possible to set the main knife anti-icing cover 2 to an arc shape as shown in FIG.
  • the inner space of the main knife anti-icing cover 2 can accommodate an ice-covered shape whose opening is larger than the main blade arm 3 or the unshielded portion of the main blade moving contact 1, and thus It is possible to prevent the movement of the main blade ice shield 2 from being obstructed by the ice layer covered by the main knife arm 3 or the main blade moving contact 1 when moving from the open state to the closed state.
  • the main knife ice protection cover 2 of the present invention may have various suitable shapes as long as the main shielding movable contact 1 can be reliably blocked, and the cross section is preferably an arc shape, an inverted U shape, an inverted V shape, a trapezoidal upper half or The combination of the above shapes is more conducive to the snow and rain and the rain.
  • Closing operation is performed at the opening position, at which time the main cutter transmission 4 is driven by the mechanism
  • the main tool arm 3 is driven to move upwards, and the main tool moving contact 1 on the main tool arm will continue to be closed, and the main tool static contact 5 is contacted to complete the closing operation.
  • the main knife anti-icing cover 2 blocks outdoor rain and snow, and prevents rain and snow from directly covering the main blade moving contact 1.
  • the crank slider structure at the anti-icing cover 3 is also driven, so that the anti-icing cover 3 slowly moves the moving contact piece, so that the moving contact is closed during the closing process.
  • the piece is in reliable contact with the main blade static contact 5, and the closing operation of the isolating switch is completed.
  • the cooperation of the main knife anti-icing cover driving device and the main knife anti-icing cover can also be other transmission mechanisms, for example, directly driving the movement of the main knife anti-icing cover by an additional driving device, and is not limited to being driven by the main blade transmission device, as long as the same can be achieved.
  • the ice device can reliably block the moving contact and the contact of the static contact can be opened when contacting.
  • the use of the transmission of the isolating switch itself to drive the ice protection device can make the structure of the present invention more compact and less costly.
  • the drive shaft is not limited to being fixed to the main arm, but can also be directly connected to the main drive and thus driven directly by the main drive.
  • the isolating switch with the anti-icing device of the invention has the advantages of simple and compact structure, convenient operation and reliable operation.
  • a shielding cover on the moving contact piece, a sealing space is formed above the moving contact to prevent water and snow from covering the surface, so that the moving contact does not cover the ice layer, and the closing operation is more labor-saving.
  • the invention greatly improves the stability and reliability of the isolating switch in the cold region, and can not only be applied to the ice coating product of 10 mm, but also further fills the blank of the ice coating product of 20 mm or more, and has strong versatility and can be applied to various isolations.
  • the switch can also easily realize the modification of the existing isolation switch by using the anti-icing device assembly.
  • the stationary contact 5 may further include an anti-icing device.
  • the main knife anti-icing device further includes a static contact anti-icing cover 22, which can block the main blade static contact 5, and prevent ice, snow and rain from covering the surface of the main knife static contact 5.
  • a common main-spindle contact 5 is exemplified, and the main-spindle static contact 5 includes a metal fitting 21, an aluminum strand 23, a holding clamp 24, and a static contact copper rod 25, as shown in FIG.
  • the static contact ice shield 22 can be fixed at any position above the static contact copper bar 25, for example, fixedly mounted on the metal fitting 21 and the aluminum strand 23, thereby shielding the static contact copper rod 25, effectively protecting the static
  • the contact copper rod 25 is not accumulated by ice and snow, and the ice layer is continuously increased.
  • the static contact ice shield 22 of the present invention may have various suitable shapes as long as the main shield static contact 5 can be reliably blocked, and the cross section is preferably an arc shape, an inverted U shape, an inverted V shape, and a trapezoidal upper half.
  • the combination of the above or the above shapes is more conducive to the snow and rain and the rain.
  • the disconnector can also be fitted with a grounding switch.
  • the isolating switch When the isolating switch needs to be operated, the isolating switch is opened, and after the opening is in place, the interlocking device of the isolating switch and the grounding switch is opened, and the grounding switch can be operated. Operate the operating mechanism of the grounding switch so that the moving contact of the grounding switch is combined with the static contact. At this time, the grounding switch attached to the isolating switch can be grounded, and other devices connected to the isolating switch are also grounded and interlocked. The device also ensures that the isolating switch itself cannot be closed. This attached grounding switch also faces ice coating problems.
  • Fig. 7 shows the structure of a grounding switch attached to the isolating switch, including the grounding blade static contact 9, the insulator 10, the grounding blade 13, the grounding blade moving contact 12 and the base 11.
  • the grounding switch may further include a ground knife anti-icing cover 14 and a ground knife anti-icing cover driving device, wherein the ground knife anti-icing cover driving device is used to drive the ground knife anti-icing cover 14.
  • the ground knife anti-icing cover 14 blocks the ground moving contact 12 to prevent ice, snow and rain from covering the surface of the ground moving contact 12.
  • the ground knife anti-icing cover 14 is removed from the ground moving contact 12 so that the ground moving contact 12 can contact the grounding blade stationary contact 9.
  • FIG 8 is a front elevational view of the earthing switch of the disconnector in a trip position, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the ground knife anti-ice cover driving device can be various suitable transmission mechanisms, preferably a structure similar to a crank slider, that is, including a crank 17 and a connecting rod 15 Attached to the base 11, the crank 17 is connected between the base 11 and the ground blade 13, one end of the link 15 is fixed to the ground blade 13, and the other end is connected to the ground knife anti-icing cover 14.
  • the ground knife anti-icing cover driving device may further comprise a ground knife slide rail 16 which is fixed on the ground knife 13 so that the ground knife anti-icing cover 14 can be The ground knife slide 16 moves.
  • the ground knife anti-icing cover 14 In order to remove the ground moving contact 12 while the ground knife anti-icing cover 14 is removed, it is prevented from being obstructed by other positions, for example, the obstruction of the ice layer covered by the ground knife 13, thereby affecting the smooth protection of the ground knife anti-icing cover 14
  • the contact position of the head can better realize the reliable operation of the grounding switch, and the ground knife anti-icing cover 14 can also adopt the structure of the ground knife anti-icing cover as shown in FIG. 5A, that is, the ice coating on the ground knife anti-icing cover 14 is provided. The structure is disengaged to achieve reliable movement of the knife ice shield 14.
  • the ground knife anti-icing cover 14 may be composed of a front section and a rear section, and the opening of the front section is larger than the opening of the rear section, thereby preventing the movement of the ground knife anti-icing cover 14 from being subjected to the ground knife 13 or the ground when moving from the opening state to the closing state.
  • the obstacle of the ice layer covered by the cutter contact 12 is. It is also possible to set the ground knife anti-icing cover 14 to an arc shape as shown in FIG. 5B, and the inner space of the ground knife anti-icing cover 14 can accommodate an ice-covered shape whose opening is larger than the unshielded portion of the ground knife 13 or the ground knife moving contact 12. Therefore, it is also possible to prevent the movement of the ground knife ice shield 14 from being obstructed by the ice layer covered by the floor knife 13 or the ground blade moving contact 12 when moving from the open state to the closed state.
  • the blade ice shield 14 of the present invention may have various suitable shapes as long as the blade movable contact 12 can be reliably shielded, and the cross section is preferably an arc shape, an inverted U shape, an inverted V shape, and a trapezoidal upper half. The combination of the above or the above shapes is more conducive to the snow and rain and the rain.
  • crank 17 is indicated by AB
  • the connecting rod 15 is represented by EF
  • the grounding knife is indicated by CD at one end
  • the moving contact is located at FG
  • the anti-icing cover is represented by FH.
  • the shutter shown by FH can block ice or rain, so that the moving contact indicated by FG is protected.
  • the anti-ice cover FH covers a certain thickness of ice, and at this time the ground knife is closed under the driving of the operating mechanism.
  • the ground knife moves to the closing position under the driving of the operating mechanism. Due to the operation of the crank slider mechanism, the relative movement of the F point on the CG occurs, and the CF becomes shorter, thereby pulling the FH.
  • the illustrated shutter is moved to expose the moving contact portion indicated by FG.
  • the anti-icing cover indicated by FH exposes the moving contact indicated by FG, so that the moving contact indicated by FG can contact the grounding fixed contact.
  • the overall motion can be equivalent to the movement of the crank AB as the driving arm, so that the slider F slides along the DG rod.
  • the cooperation of the ground knife anti-ice cover driving device and the ground knife anti-icing cover can also be other transmission mechanisms, for example, the movement of the anti-icing cover directly driven by the additional driving device, and is not limited to being driven by the ground knife, as long as the same can be
  • the anti-icing device can reliably block the moving contact and the contact of the static contact can be opened when contacting.
  • driving the anti-icing device with the transmission of the grounding switch itself can make the structure of the present invention more compact and less costly.
  • the transmission shaft is not limited to the crank slider mechanism of the present invention, and for example, other rotation and movement coupling modes may be employed.

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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Slide Switches (AREA)

Abstract

一种具有防冰装置的隔离开关，包括主刀动触头(1)、主刀臂(3)、主刀静触头(5)、主刀传动装置(4)和主刀防冰装置。主刀传动装置用于驱动主刀臂运动。主刀防冰装置包括主刀防冰罩(2)和主刀防冰罩驱动装置，其中主刀防冰罩驱动装置用于驱动主刀防冰罩，使主刀防冰罩在分闸状态时遮挡主刀动触头，避免冰雪和雨水覆盖在主刀动触头表面，以及在合闸状态时使主刀防冰罩移开主刀动触头，使得主刀动触头能够接触主刀静触头。该隔离开关结构简单、安装方便、适应性强，大幅提高了隔离开关在高寒地区的稳定性和可靠性。

Description

具有防冰装置的隔离开关 技术领域
本发明属于电力设备领域，涉及一种具有防冰装置的隔离开关，尤其涉及一种具有防冰装置的带有接地开关的隔离开关。
背景技术
隔离开关是在分闸位置时触头间有符合规定要求的绝缘距离和明显的断开标志、在合闸位置时能承载正常回路条件下的电流及在规定时间内异常条件(例如短路)下的电流的开关设备。隔离开关是电力系统中重要的开关设备，其主要功能是保证高压电器及装置在检修工作时的安全，起到隔离电压的作用。
一直以来，在一些高纬度地区，例如北方寒冷地区，冬季温度很低，使用环境恶劣，长期覆盖在户外隔离开关上的冰雪会影响分合闸动作的可靠性，使得隔离开关触头之间被冰隔离，不能完全导通，造成操作失灵，威胁着电力系统的运行和电网安全。
现有的隔离开关为解决覆冰问题，一般在隔离开关合闸时，使触头在合闸瞬间具有破冰的能力，例如将隔离开关的动触头与静触头合闸瞬间有一个夹紧后滑动过程，将冰层破除。但是采用增大触头夹紧力来将覆冰破坏的方法只能破除一定厚度的覆冰，并造成触头磨损，操纵力大，刚度要求高，并且增加了机构的输出扭矩，有成本过高的缺陷。北方寒冷地区户外隔离开关所覆盖的冰层厚度有可能达到20mm甚至以上，而现有隔离开关在覆冰10mm的环境下，就很难保证隔离开关的正常使用，从而影响电力设备在高寒结冰坏境中的运转，也无法保证整个电力系统 的安全稳定运行，覆冰严重时高压隔离开关甚至无法分合。
现有技术为解决这一难题，还出现了一种光能破冰辅助装置，即将太阳光能聚射到光热转换器，使光能转换成热能，达到加热除冰的目的，然而这种光能破冰辅助装置以及其它原理的加热除冰辅助装置结构复杂，可靠性低，不能满足实际工作的需要。
为了满足北方寒冷地区对隔离开关的使用要求，本领域亟需出现一种具有防冰能力的户外隔离开关，可以实现在冰层厚度达到最大20mm的情况下，仍能可靠的机械操作。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有技术存在的问题，提供一种具有防冰装置的隔离开关，使得户外隔离开关的开合闸动作可以可靠进行，从而保证隔离开关在寒冷地区的正常使用。
本发明的技术方案提供了一种具有防冰装置的隔离开关。所述隔离开关包括主刀动触头、主刀臂、主刀静触头和主刀传动装置，所述主刀传动装置用于驱动所述主刀臂运动，还包括主刀防冰装置，所述主刀防冰装置包括主刀防冰罩和主刀防冰罩驱动装置，其中所述主刀防冰罩驱动装置用于驱动所述主刀防冰罩，使所述主刀防冰罩在分闸状态时遮挡所述主刀动触头，避免冰雪和雨水覆盖在所述主刀动触头表面，以及在合闸状态时使所述主刀防冰罩移开所述主刀动触头，使得所述主刀动触头能够接触所述主刀静触头。
根据本发明的一个最佳实施例，所述主刀防冰罩驱动装置包括关节和传动轴，所述传动轴的一端通过所述关节连接在所述主刀臂上，用于随所述主刀臂一起运动，所述传动轴的另一端连接在所述主刀防冰罩上。
根据本发明的一个最佳实施例，所述主刀防冰罩驱动装置包括主刀滑轨，所述主刀滑轨固定在所述主刀臂上，用于使所述主刀防冰罩沿着所述主刀滑轨移动。
根据本发明的一个最佳实施例，所述主刀防冰罩由第一部分和第二部分组成，所述第一部分的开口大于所述第二部分的开口，用于防止从分闸状态运动至合闸状态时，所述主刀防冰罩的移动受到所述主刀臂或所述主刀动触头覆盖的冰层的阻碍。
根据本发明的一个最佳实施例，所述主刀防冰罩的横截面为弧型、倒U型、倒V型、梯形的上半部或上述形状的组合，用于可靠遮挡所述主刀动触头，并有利于冰雪和雨水滑落。
根据本发明的一个最佳实施例，所述主刀防冰装置还包括静触头防冰罩，用于遮挡所述主刀静触头，避免冰雪和雨水覆盖在所述主刀静触头表面。
根据本发明的一个最佳实施例，所述主刀静触头包括金具、铝绞线、抱夹金具和静触头铜棒，所述静触头防冰罩用于遮挡所述静触头铜棒。
根据本发明的一个最佳实施例，所述静触头防冰罩的横截面为弧型、倒U型、倒V型、梯形的上半部或上述形状的组合，用于可靠遮挡所述主刀静触头，并有利于冰雪和雨水滑落。
根据本发明的一个最佳实施例，所述隔离开关还包括附装的接地开关，所述接地开关包括地刀静触头、绝缘子、地刀、地刀动触头和底座，所述接地开关还包括地刀防冰装置，所述地刀防冰装置包括地刀防冰罩和地刀防冰罩驱动装置，其中所述地刀防冰罩驱动装置用于驱动所述地刀防冰罩，使所述地刀防冰罩在分闸状态时遮挡所述地刀动触头，避免 冰雪和雨水覆盖在所述地刀动触头表面，以及在合闸状态时使所述地刀防冰罩移开所述地刀动触头，使得所述地刀动触头能够接触所述地刀静触头。
根据本发明的一个最佳实施例，所述地刀防冰罩驱动装置包括曲柄和连杆，所述地刀一端连接在所述底座上，所述曲柄连接在所述底座和所述地刀之间，所述连杆的一端固定在所述地刀上，另一端连接在所述地刀防冰罩上。
根据本发明的一个最佳实施例，所述地刀防冰罩驱动装置包括地刀滑轨，所述地刀滑轨固定在所述地刀上，用于使所述地刀防冰罩沿着所述地刀滑轨移动。
根据本发明的一个最佳实施例，所述地刀防冰罩由前段和后段组成，所述前段的开口大于所述后段的开口，用于防止从分闸状态运动至合闸状态时，所述地刀防冰罩的移动受到所述地刀或所述地刀动触头覆盖的冰层的阻碍。
根据本发明的一个最佳实施例，所述地刀防冰罩的横截面为弧型、倒U型、倒V型、梯形的上半部或上述形状的组合，用于可靠遮挡所述地刀动触头，并有利于冰雪和雨水滑落。
本发明的具有防冰装置的隔离开关具有结构简单紧凑、操作方便、动作可靠等优点。通过在动触头片上加装遮挡罩，在动触头上方形成一密封空间，避免水和雪覆盖在表面，使动触头没有覆盖冰层，使合闸操作更省力。由于本发明进一步巧妙地利用了隔离开关本身的传动装置实现了防冰装置的驱动，因此使得本发明的具有防冰装置的隔离开关的结构非常紧凑。而且本发明的防冰装置在不改变工作原理的前提下可以灵 活地采用各种形状和尺寸，从而可以灵活地适应不同的隔离开关，通用性强。本发明的防冰装置还可以作为组件，方便地加装在现有的隔离开关上，无需将现有的隔离开关替换为新的具有防冰装置的隔离开关就能实现防冰的技术效果，因此大大节约了现有设备的改造成本。
综上，本发明的技术方案大幅提高了隔离开关在高寒地区的稳定性和可靠性，不仅能够适用于10mm的覆冰产品，还进一步填补了20mm以上覆冰产品的空白，同时通用性强，能够应用于各种隔离开关，还能利用本发明的技术方案简便地实现对现有隔离开关的改造。
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步说明。
附图说明
为了更好地描述本发明的实施例，绘制了以下附图。应当理解的是，附图仅是以示例的方式示出了本发明的优选实施例，而不应将附图解释为对本发明的限制，其中：
图1是根据本发明的一个最佳实施例的隔离开关在分闸位置的整体示意图；
图2是根据本发明的一个最佳实施例的隔离开关在合闸位置的整体示意图；
图3是根据本发明的一个最佳实施例的隔离开关在合闸位置的主视图；
图4是根据本发明的一个最佳实施例的隔离开关在合闸位置的立体图；
图5A是根据本发明的一个最佳实施例的隔离开关或接地开关的防冰罩的立体图；图5B是根据本发明的另一最佳实施例的隔离开关或接地开关的防冰罩的立体图；
图6是根据本发明的一个最佳实施例的隔离开关的主刀静触头的立体图；
图7是根据本发明的一个最佳实施例的隔离开关的接地开关的整体结构示意图；
图8是根据本发明的一个最佳实施例的隔离开关的接地开关的主视图；
图9是根据本发明的一个最佳实施例的隔离开关的接地开关在分闸位置的示意图；
图10是根据本发明的一个最佳实施例的隔离开关的接地开关在中间位置的示意图；及
图11是根据本发明的一个最佳实施例的隔离开关的接地开关在合闸位置的示意图。
在本说明书和附图中，相同的附图标记表示相同的或相似的特征或元件。
具体实施方式
以下参考以下的说明以及附图，详细说明本发明的示意性方案。该申请的附图不完全是按具体实施方案的实际尺寸绘制，且在尺寸方面的变化都不应解释为使对本发明的限制。下文中“如图......所示”或类似表 述，是指参考某附图对特定技术特征进行描述，但是，不应理解为，该特定技术特征或其等同内容仅仅包括在该附图中。
在下文的描述中，某些方向术语，例如“左”、“右”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”和其它方向性术语，仅用于表示参照附图所指示的方向，但在应用场合改变时，则这些方向性术语表示的方向也会相应地改变。而“第一”、“第二”等术语用于描述多个组成部分，但是这些组成部分之间不存在先后顺序，这些术语仅仅是为了将一个组成部分与另一组成部分区分。
图1-3示意出了依照本发明的一种带防冰装置的隔离开关，通过在动触头上方形成一密封空间，避免水和雪覆盖在其表面，使动触头没有覆盖冰层，使合闸操作更加可靠。
隔离开关包括主刀动触头1、主刀臂3、主刀静触头5和主刀传动装置4，主刀传动装置4驱动主刀臂3运动。主刀防冰装置包括主刀防冰罩2和主刀防冰罩驱动装置，其中主刀防冰罩驱动装置驱动主刀防冰罩2。其中，在分闸状态时，如图1所示，主刀防冰罩2可以遮挡主刀动触头1，避免冰雪和雨水覆盖在主刀动触头1表面。在合闸状态时，如图2-3所示，主刀防冰罩2可以移开主刀动触头1，使得主刀动触头1能够可靠接触主刀静触头5。
下文将结合图4-5对防冰装置进行详细介绍。应当明白，本文中所有的介绍内容均仅作为举例之用，本领域技术人员在阅读本发明内容之后可以对本文介绍的内容做出各种变化或变更。为叙述之简洁起见，本文不将对所有可能的变化、变更或等同方式予以列举，但是，这些变化、变更或等同方式当然均包括在本发明的公开内容和保护范围之内。
图4是根据本发明的具体实施例的隔离开关在合闸位置的立体图。主刀防冰罩驱动装置可以为各种合适的传动机构，优选为一种类似于曲柄滑块的结构，即包括关节6和传动轴8，传动轴8的一端通过关节6连接在主刀臂3上，随主刀臂3一起运动，另一端连接在主刀防冰罩2上，驱动主刀防冰罩2运动。为了进一步规范主刀防冰罩2的移动轨迹，主刀防冰罩驱动装置还可以包括主刀滑轨7，主刀滑轨7固定在主刀臂3上，可以使主刀防冰罩2沿着主刀滑轨7移动。
为了在主刀防冰罩2移开主刀动触头1的同时，避免受到其他位置阻碍，例如主刀臂3覆盖的冰层的阻碍，从而影响主刀防冰罩2顺利让开动静触头的接触位置，更好地实现隔离开关的可靠运行，如图5A所示，还可以在主刀防冰罩2上设置覆冰让开结构以实现主刀防冰罩2的可靠移动。主刀防冰罩2可以由第一部分18和第二部分19组成，第一部分18的开口大于第二部分19的开口，从而防止从分闸状态运动至合闸状态时，主刀防冰罩2的移动受到主刀臂3或主刀动触头1覆盖的冰层的阻碍。也可以将主刀防冰罩2设置为如图5B所示的弧型，主刀防冰罩2内部空间可容纳开口大于主刀臂3或主刀动触头1未遮挡部位的覆冰后外形，从而同样可以防止从分闸状态运动至合闸状态时，主刀防冰罩2的移动受到主刀臂3或主刀动触头1覆盖的冰层的阻碍。
本发明的主刀防冰罩2可以为各种合适的形状，只要能够实现可靠遮挡主刀动触头1即可，优选横截面为弧型、倒U型、倒V型、梯形的上半部或上述形状的组合，从而更有利于冰雪和雨水滑落。
为了更好地理解本发明，下面参照图1-5简要对本发明的具有防冰装置的隔离开关的操作过程进行描述。
在分闸位置进行合闸操作，此时由于主刀传动装置4受到机构的驱 动，将主刀臂3带动，整体向上运动，主刀臂上的主刀动触头1会继续合闸，接触到主刀静触头5，完成合闸操作。在分闸状态下，主刀防冰罩2遮挡住户外的雨水和雪，避免雨雪直接覆盖到主刀动触头1上。当进行合闸操作时，由于主刀臂3驱动，也同时驱动了防冰罩3处的曲柄滑块结构，使得防冰罩3缓缓移开动触头片，使得合闸过程中动触头片与主刀静触头5可靠接触，完成隔离开关的合闸操作。
主刀防冰罩驱动装置和主刀防冰罩的配合也可为其它传动机构，例如通过额外的驱动装置直接驱动主刀防冰罩的运动，而不限于被主刀传动装置连带驱动，只要同样能实现防冰装置对动触头的可靠遮挡以及接触时让开动静触头的触点即可。然而本领域技术人员可以明白，利用隔离开关本身的传动装置实现防冰装置的驱动，可以使本发明的结构更加紧凑、成本更低。即使利用隔离开关本身的传动装置，传动轴也不限于固定在主刀臂上，还可以直接与主刀传动装置相连，从而被主刀传动装置直接驱动。
本发明的具有防冰装置的隔离开关具有结构简单紧凑、操作方便、动作可靠等优点。通过在动触头片上加装遮挡罩，在动触头上方形成一密封空间，避免水和雪覆盖在表面，使动触头没有覆盖冰层，使合闸操作更省力。本发明大幅提高了隔离开关在高寒地区的稳定性和可靠性，不仅能够适用于10mm的覆冰产品，还进一步填补了20mm以上覆冰产品的空白，同时通用性强，能够应用于各种隔离开关，还能利用防冰装置组件简便地实现对现有隔离开关的改造。
进一步的，为了更好地保证动静触头的可靠接触，静触头5也可以进一步包括防冰装置。如图6所示，主刀防冰装置还包括静触头防冰罩22，可以遮挡主刀静触头5，避免冰雪和雨水覆盖在主刀静触头5表面。
为了更好地理解本发明，以一种常见的主刀静触头5为例，主刀静触头5包括金具21、铝绞线23、抱夹金具24和静触头铜棒25，如图6所示，静触头防冰罩22可以固定在静触头铜棒25上方的任何位置，例如固定安装在金具21和铝绞线23上，从而遮挡静触头铜棒25，有效保护了静触头铜棒25不会被冰雪累积造成冰层不断增加。
本发明的静触头防冰罩22可以为各种合适的形状，只要能够实现可靠遮挡主刀静触头5即可，优选横截面为弧型、倒U型、倒V型、梯形的上半部或上述形状的组合，从而更有利于冰雪和雨水滑落。
隔离开关还可以附装接地开关。当需要操作隔离开关时，隔离开关分闸，分闸到位后，隔离开关与接地开关的互锁装置打开，这时接地开关可以操作。操作接地开关的操作机构，使接地开关的动触头与静触头结合，这时隔离开关附装的接地开关就能实现接地，与隔离开关连接的其他设备也实现了接地保护，同时互锁装置也保证了隔离开关本身不能合闸。这种附装的接地开关同样会面临覆冰问题。
图7示意出了一种附装在隔离开关上的接地开关的结构，包括地刀静触头9、绝缘子10、地刀13、地刀动触头12和底座11。为了可靠地实现接地，接地开关也可以进一步包括地刀防冰罩14和地刀防冰罩驱动装置，其中地刀防冰罩驱动装置用于驱动地刀防冰罩14。其中，在分闸状态时，地刀防冰罩14遮挡地刀动触头12，避免冰雪和雨水覆盖在地刀动触头12表面。在合闸状态时，将地刀防冰罩14移开地刀动触头12，使得地刀动触头12能够接触地刀静触头9。
图8是根据本发明的具体实施例的隔离开关的接地开关在分闸位置的主视图。地刀防冰罩驱动装置可以为各种合适的传动机构，优选为一种类似于曲柄滑块的结构，即包括曲柄17和连杆15，地刀一端13连 接在底座11上，曲柄17连接在底座11和地刀13之间，连杆15的一端固定在地刀13上，另一端连接在地刀防冰罩14上。为了进一步规范地刀防冰罩14的移动轨迹，地刀防冰罩驱动装置还可以包括地刀滑轨16，地刀滑轨16固定在地刀13上，可以使地刀防冰罩14沿着地刀滑轨16移动。
为了在地刀防冰罩14移开地刀动触头12的同时，避免受到其他位置的阻碍，例如地刀13覆盖的冰层的阻碍，从而影响地刀防冰罩14顺利让开动静触头的接触位置，更好地实现接地开关的可靠运行，地刀防冰罩14同样可以采用如图5A所示的地刀防冰罩的结构，即在地刀防冰罩14上设置覆冰让开结构以实现地刀防冰罩14的可靠移动。地刀防冰罩14可以由前段和后段组成，前段的开口大于后段的开口，从而防止从分闸状态运动至合闸状态时，地刀防冰罩14的移动受到地刀13或地刀动触头12覆盖的冰层的阻碍。也可以将地刀防冰罩14设置为如图5B所示的弧型，地刀防冰罩14内部空间可容纳开口大于地刀13或地刀动触头12未遮挡部位的覆冰后外形，从而同样可以防止从分闸状态运动至合闸状态时，地刀防冰罩14的移动受到地刀13或地刀动触头12覆盖的冰层的阻碍。
本发明的地刀防冰罩14可以为各种合适的形状，只要能够实现可靠遮挡地刀动触头12即可，优选横截面为弧型、倒U型、倒V型、梯形的上半部或上述形状的组合，从而更有利于冰雪和雨水滑落。
为了更好地理解本发明，下面参照图8-11简要对本发明的具有防冰装置的隔离开关的接地开关的操作过程进行描述。其本质上为一曲柄滑块结构，为便于理解，曲柄17用AB表示，连杆15用EF表示，地刀一端用CD表示，动触头位于FG处，防冰罩用FH表示。
如图9所示，分闸状态时，FH表示的遮挡罩可以将冰或雨水进行遮挡，使得FG表示的动触头保护起来。在覆冰以后，防冰罩FH覆盖了一定厚度的冰，此时地刀在操作机构的驱动下合闸。
如图10所示，中间位置时，地刀在操作机构的驱动下向合闸位置运动，由于曲柄滑块机构的操作，使得F点在CG上产生了相对运动，CF变短，从而牵引FH表示的遮挡罩移动，将FG表示的动触头部位露出在外。
如图11所示，继续合闸操作后到达合闸位置时，FH表示的防冰罩露出FG表示的动触头，使得FG表示的动触头能够接触地刀静触头。
因此，整体的运动可以相当于曲柄AB作为驱动拐臂旋转，使得滑块F沿着DG杆滑动的运动。
地刀防冰罩驱动装置和地刀防冰罩的配合也可为其它传动机构，例如通过额外的驱动装置直接驱动地刀防冰罩的运动，而不限于被地刀连带驱动，只要同样能实现防冰装置对动触头的可靠遮挡以及接触时让开动静触头的触点即可。然而本领域技术人员可以明白，利用接地开关本身的传动装置实现防冰装置的驱动，可以使本发明的结构更加紧凑、成本更低。即使利用接地开关本身的传动装置，传动轴也不限于本发明的曲柄滑块机构，例如还可以采用其他转动和移动相互转换的连接方式。
根据需要，可以将上述各技术方案进行结合，以达到最佳技术效果。
以上的仅是本发明的原理和较佳的实施例。应当指出，尽管为说明本发明的目的公开了本发明的较佳实施例和附图，但是熟悉本领域技术的人员，在不脱离本发明及所附的权利要求的精神和范围内，可作各种替换、变化和润饰。在本发明原理的基础上，做出的若干其它变型，也 应视为本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明不应局限于较佳实施例和附图所公开的内容，本发明的保护范围以所附的权利要求书所界定的范围为准。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种具有防冰装置的隔离开关，包括主刀动触头(1)、主刀臂(3)、主刀静触头(5)和主刀传动装置(4)，所述主刀传动装置(4)用于驱动所述主刀臂(3)运动，其特征在于：还包括主刀防冰装置，所述主刀防冰装置包括主刀防冰罩(2)和主刀防冰罩驱动装置，其中
    所述主刀防冰罩驱动装置用于驱动所述主刀防冰罩(2)，使所述主刀防冰罩(2)在分闸状态时遮挡所述主刀动触头(1)，避免冰雪和雨水覆盖在所述主刀动触头(1)表面，以及在合闸状态时使所述主刀防冰罩(2)移开所述主刀动触头(1)，使得所述主刀动触头(1)能够接触所述主刀静触头(5)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的隔离开关，其特征在于：所述主刀防冰罩驱动装置包括关节(6)和传动轴(8)，所述传动轴(8)的一端通过所述关节(6)连接在所述主刀臂(3)上，用于随所述主刀臂(3)一起运动，所述传动轴(8)的另一端连接在所述主刀防冰罩(2)上。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的隔离开关，其特征在于：所述主刀防冰罩驱动装置包括主刀滑轨(7)，所述主刀滑轨(7)固定在所述主刀动触头(1)上，用于使所述主刀防冰罩(2)沿着所述主刀滑轨(7)移动。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的隔离开关，其特征在于：所述主刀防冰罩(2)由第一部分(18)和第二部分(19)组成，所述第一部分(18)的开口大于所述第二部分(19)的开口，用于防止从分闸状态运动至合闸状态时，所述主刀防冰罩(2)的移动受到所述主刀臂(3)或所述主刀动触头(1)覆盖的冰层的阻碍。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的隔离开关，其特征在于：所述主刀防冰罩(2)的横截面为弧型、倒U型、倒V型、梯形的上半部或上述形状的组合，用于可靠遮挡所述主刀动触头(1)，并有利于冰雪和雨水滑落。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的隔离开关，其特征在于：所述主刀防冰装置还包括静触头防冰罩(22)，用于遮挡所述主刀静触头(5)，避免冰雪和雨水覆盖在所述主刀静触头(5)表面。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的隔离开关，其特征在于：所述主刀静触头(5)包括金具(21)、铝绞线(23)、抱夹金具(24)和静触头铜棒(25)，所述静触头防冰罩(22)用于遮挡所述静触头铜棒(25)。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的隔离开关，其特征在于：所述静触头防冰罩(22)的横截面为弧型、倒U型、倒V型、梯形的上半部或上述形状的组合，用于可靠遮挡所述主刀静触头(5)，并有利于冰雪和雨水滑落。
  9. 根据权利要求1～8之一所述的隔离开关，其特征在于：所述隔离开关还包括附装的接地开关，所述接地开关包括地刀静触头(9)、绝缘子(10)、地刀(13)、地刀动触头(12)和底座(11)，所述接地开关还包括地刀防冰装置，所述地刀防冰装置包括地刀防冰罩(14)和地刀防冰罩驱动装置，其中
    所述地刀防冰罩驱动装置用于驱动所述地刀防冰罩(14)，使所述地刀防冰罩(14)在分闸状态时遮挡所述地刀动触头(12)，避免冰雪和雨水覆盖在所述地刀动触头(12)表面，以及在合闸状态时使所述地刀防冰罩(14)移开所述地刀动触头(12)，使得所述地刀动触头(12)能够接触所述地刀静触头(9)。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的隔离开关，其特征在于：所述地刀防冰罩驱动装置包括曲柄(17)和连杆(15)，所述地刀一端(13)连接在所述底座(11)上，所述曲柄(17)连接在所述底座(11)和所述地刀(13)之间，所述连杆(15)的一端固定在所述地刀(13)上，另一端连接在所述地刀防冰罩(14)上。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的隔离开关，其特征在于：所述地刀防冰罩驱动装置包括地刀滑轨(16)，所述地刀滑轨(16)固定在所述地刀(13)上，用于使所述地刀防冰罩(14)沿着所述地刀滑轨(16)移动。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的隔离开关，其特征在于：所述地刀防冰罩(14)由前段和后段组成，所述前段的开口大于所述后段的开口，用于防止从分闸状态运动至合闸状态时，所述地刀防冰罩(14)的移动受到所述地刀(13)或所述地刀动触头(12)覆盖的冰层的阻碍。
  13. 根据权利要求9所述的隔离开关，其特征在于：所述地刀防冰罩(14)的横截面为弧型、倒U型、倒V型、梯形的上半部或上述形状的组合，用于可靠遮挡所述地刀动触头(12)，并有利于冰雪和雨水滑落。
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