Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
  • B60C1/0016—Compositions of the tread
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
  • B60C1/0025—Compositions of the sidewalls
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
  • B60C1/0041—Compositions of the carcass layers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/02—Elements
  • C08K3/04—Carbon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
  • C08K3/36—Silica
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/09—Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L7/00—Compositions of natural rubber
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L9/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
  • B60C2001/0066—Compositions of the belt layers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
  • B60C2001/0083—Compositions of the cap ply layers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
  • C08K2201/002—Physical properties
  • C08K2201/006—Additives being defined by their surface area
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
  • C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
  • C08K2201/016—Additives defined by their aspect ratio
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2312/00—Crosslinking

Definitions

• the field of the present invention is that of inorganic filler-reinforced diene rubber compositions for the manufacture of finished or semi-finished tire products, particularly treads of such tires.
• compositions comprising high charge rates (100 to 150 phr), and a a plasticizer system comprising a hydrocarbon resin and a plasticizing oil, the total plasticizer content being of the order of 50 to 100 phr, with approximately 10 to 60 phr of oil and 10 to 60 phr of resin, these compositions making it possible to obtain good wet grip properties without penalizing rolling resistance.
• the reinforcing filler used in these compositions is a precipitation silica with a specific surface area greater than 100 m 2 / g.
• Application EP2336231A1 discloses rubber compositions based on a diene elastomer and comprising a reinforcing filler system consisting of carbon black, 10 to 80 phr of a highly structured precipitated silica and 10 to 70 phr of a poorly structured silica in spherical form.
• the highly structured porous silica has a BET specific surface area ranging from 45 to 550 m 2 / g and the poorly structured silica has a BET specific surface area ranging from 15 to 25 m 2 / g.
• the average size of the loosely structured silica particles is 150 nm.
• the technical problem that the invention proposes to solve is to further improve the tradeoff between the rolling resistance and wear resistance properties of a rubber composition for a semi-finished product.
• Said silica in the form of essentially spherical nanoparticles has a good ability to incorporate and disperse in the elastomeric matrix during its mixing.
• An advantage of the rubber composition according to the invention is that it has an improved rolling resistance / wear resistance compromise.
• composition according to the invention has a compromise resistance to rolling / wear resistance improved while retaining also good adhesion properties, especially on road in dry or wet conditions.
• composition according to the invention Another advantage of the composition according to the invention is that it can be used with very low levels of zinc, while avoiding the roasting phenomenon.
• Scorching is a phenomenon which leads rapidly during the preparation of the rubber compositions in the internal mixer, to premature vulcanizations generating very high viscosities in the green state, which corresponds to the obtaining rubber compositions extremely difficult to work and to implement industrially.
• an object of the present invention is a rubber composition based on one or more diene elastomer (s), at least one reinforcing filler, at least one coupling agent, at least one a chemical crosslinking system, in which the reinforcing filler comprises silica in the form of essentially spherical nanoparticles, the BET specific surface area of this silica ranging from 30 m 2 / g to 250 m 2 / g.
• the BET specific surface area of this silica may range from 30 to 150 m 2 / g, even more preferably from 30 to 120 m 2 / g, more preferably from 30 to 100 m 2 / g.
• the silica in the form of essentially spherical nanoparticles has a silanol group number per nm 2 greater than or equal to 4, preferably ranging from 4 to 12, more preferably ranging from 5 to 10.
• the silica in the form of essentially spherical nanoparticles has a sphericity index greater than or equal to 0.80, preferably ranging from 0.80 to 0.99, more preferably ranging from 0.85 to 0.99.
• the silica in the form of essentially spherical nanoparticles may be a fused silica.
• the silica content in the form of substantially spherical nanoparticles can range from 60 to 250 phr, preferably 80 to 200 phr.
• the median size of the essentially spherical silica nanoparticles may be less than or equal to 100 nm, preferably it may range from 10 to 80 nm, even more preferably may range from 20 to 70 nm.
• the diene elastomer (s) may be chosen from the essentially unsaturated diene elastomers.
• the diene elastomer (s) may be chosen from natural rubber, synthetic polyisoprenes, polybutadienes, butadiene copolymers, isoprene copolymers and these elastomers.
• the composition may comprise from 50 to 100 phr of a first diene elastomer, and optionally from 0 to 50 phr of a second diene elastomer different from the first diene elastomer.
• the silica in the form of essentially spherical nanoparticles is the majority reinforcing filler.
• the weight of the silica in the form of substantially spherical nanoparticles represents more than 60%, preferably more than 90% of the total weight of the reinforcing filler.
• the reinforcing filler consists of silica in the form of essentially spherical nanoparticles.
• the composition further comprises carbon black.
• the total rate of reinforcing filler (s) in the composition may range from 60 to 300 phr, preferably may range from 80 to 250 phr.
• the composition further comprises from 10 to 220 phr of plasticizer selected from plasticizing resins having a glass transition temperature above 20 ° C, plasticizers liquid at room temperature and mixtures thereof.
• the chemical crosslinking system is a vulcanization system which comprises sulfur, from 0 to 1 phr of zinc and from 0 to 1 phr of fatty acid, in particular a fatty acid comprising from 16 to 20 carbon atoms, such as, for example, stearic acid.
• the chemical crosslinking system is a vulcanization system which comprises sulfur, between 0 and 0.5 phr of zinc and between 0 and 0.5 phr of fatty acid, in particular a fatty acid comprising from 16 to 20 carbon atoms, such as, for example, stearic acid.
• Another subject of the invention relates to a method for preparing a rubber composition, in particular for the manufacture of tires, characterized in that it comprises at least the following stages: incorporating at least one reinforcing filler and at least one coupling agent, in a first step, by thermomechanically mixing the whole, in one or more times, until reaching a maximum temperature of at least one diene elastomer; between 110 ° C and 190 ° C, said reinforcing filler comprising silica in the form of essentially spherical nanoparticles, the BET specific surface area of this silica ranging from 30 m 2 / g to 250 m 2 / g;
• the invention also relates to a semi-finished tire rubber article which comprises at least one crosslinkable or crosslinked rubber composition as defined above or obtainable according to the method defined above.
• the semi-finished article may be a tread.
• the invention also relates to a tire which comprises at least one semi-finished article as defined above.
• the BET specific surface area (“mass area”) is determined by gas adsorption using the Brunauer-Emmet-Teller method described in "The Journal of the American Chemical Society” Vol. 60 page 309, February 1938), more precisely according to the French standard NF ISO 9277 of December 1996 (multipoint volumetric method (5 points) - gas: nitrogen - degassing: 1 hour at 160 ° C. - relative pressure range p / po: 0.05 to 0.17. 1.1.2. Measurement of the sphericity index and the median size of the nanoparticles:
• the sphericity index and the median size of the nanoparticles are determined using a method using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
• TEM transmission electron microscopy
• the sphericity index is determined by the ratio between the projected area (A) of a silica nanoparticle and the surface of the disk (B) having the same circumference as the projected perimeter of said nanoparticle.
• This definition is a surface adaptation (in projection) of the sphericity index as described in the article Waldell, Hakon “Volume, Shape and Roundness of Quartz particles” Journal of Geology, 43 (3) 250-280.
• the median size of the nanoparticles corresponds to the size for which there is 50% by mass of the aggregates (nanoparticles) smaller than this size and 50% by mass of the aggregates (nanoparticles) larger than this size.
• the samples for observation were prepared by a method which consisted of dispersing 2 to 10 mg of silica in 5 to 50 ml of ultrapure water by sonication with a 600 W power probe for about 10 minutes.
• a drop of 1 to 10 ⁇ l of the suspension obtained is deposited on a Carbon / Formvar grid (Ted Pella No. 01800-F, Support Films, 200Mesh Copper grids) which has been previously hydrophobed.
• the deposited drop is evaporated from its water in the ambient air (temperature 23 ° C) for at least 2 hours.
• the software extracts the object size distribution, the median size and the sphericity index according to their respective size.
• the number of silanol groups per nm 2 is determined by grafting methanol on the surface of the silica. At first, about 1 g of crude silica is suspended in 10 ml of methanol in a 110 ml autoclave.
• a magnetic bar is introduced and the reactor, hermetically sealed and insulated, is heated at 200 ° C (40 bar) on a magnetic stirrer heater for 4 hours.
• the autoclave is then cooled in a cold water bath.
• the grafted silica is recovered by decantation and the residual methanol evaporated under a stream of nitrogen.
• the grafted silica is dried at 130 ° C. under vacuum for 12 hours.
• the carbon content is determined by elemental analyzer (CE Instruments Analyzer NCS 250) on the raw silica and the grafted silica. This carbon dosage on the grafted silica must be carried out within 3 days after the end of drying. Indeed, the humidity of the air or the heat could cause a hydrolysis of the methanol grafting.
• the number of silanol groups per nm 2 is calculated using the following formula
• NsioH represents the number of silanol groups per nm 2 (SiOH / nm 2 );
• % Cg represents the mass percentage of carbon present on the grafted silica
• % Cb represents the mass percentage of carbon on the raw silica
• the charge dispersion in an elastomeric matrix can be represented by the note Z (also called the note dispergrader), which is measured, after crosslinking, according to the method described by S. Otto et al. in Kautschuk Kunststoffe, 58 Ciphergang, NR 7-8 / 2005, in accordance with ISO 11345.
• note Z also called the note dispergrader
• the calculation of the Z score is based on the percentage of area in which the charge is not dispersed ("% undispersed area"), as measured by the "disperGRADER +" apparatus supplied with its operating mode and software. 'disperDATA' exploitation by Dynisco according to the equation:
• the percentage of undispersed surface is measured by a camera observing the surface of the sample under 30 ° incident light. Dots clear are associated with filler and agglomerates, while dark dots are associated with the rubber matrix; digital processing transforms the image into a black and white image, and allows the determination of the percentage of undispersed surface, as described by S. Otto in the aforementioned document.
• the higher the Z score, expressed as a percentage, the better the dispersion of the filler in the elastomeric matrix (a Z score of 100% corresponding to a perfect dispersion and a Z score of 0% to poor dispersion). It is considered that a Z score greater than or equal to 80% corresponds to a very good dispersion of the charge in the elastomeric matrix.
• the rubber compositions were made as described above and are characterized, before and after firing, as indicated below.
• the dynamic property tan ( ⁇ ) max is measured on a viscoanalyzer (Metravib V A4000), according to the ASTM D 5992 - 96 standard.
• the response of a sample of vulcanized composition (cylindrical specimen 4 mm in thickness and 400 mm 2 section), subjected to a sinusoidal stress in alternating simple shear, at a frequency of 10 Hz, under normal temperature conditions (23 ° C) according to ASTM D 1349-99. peak to peak deformation of 0.1 to 50%) (forward cycle), then 50%> to 1% (return cycle).
• the result exploited is the loss factor (tan ⁇ ).
• the maximum value of tan ⁇ observed (tan ( ⁇ ) max) is indicated.
• the measurements are carried out at 130 ° C., in accordance with the French standard NF T 43-005 of 1991.
• the evolution of the index of consistometry as a function of time allows to determine the toasting time of the rubber compositions, evaluated according to to the aforementioned standard by parameter T5 (case of a large rotor), expressed in minutes, and defined as the time required in minutes to obtain an increase in the consistometric index (expressed in UM) of 5 units above the minimum value measured for that index.
• the rolling resistance is measured on a steering wheel, according to the ISO 87-67 method of 1992.
• the method used for the measurement of the resistance to wear is based on the comparison of the residual tread depths between a control tire (tire ⁇ 0) and a tire according to the invention (tire PCI) after a rolling of 4000 km with on open road that covers both urban cycle and winding course.
• the tires are mounted on a motor vehicle equipped with an ABS braking system and the distance required to go from 100 km / h to 0 km / h is measured during a sudden braking on dry ground (asphalt concrete).
• FIG. 1 represents a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) photograph of a silica in the form of essentially spherical nanoparticles.
• the sample is prepared according to the procedure described in paragraph 1.1.2.1 and the photograph is obtained according to the procedure described in paragraphs 1.1.2.2. and 1.1.2.3.
• the scale in ⁇ is indicated in FIG.
• the rubber compositions according to the invention are based on one or more diene elastomer (s), at least one reinforcing filler, at least one coupling agent, at least one chemical crosslinking system, wherein the reinforcing filler comprises silica in the form of essentially spherical nanoparticles, the BET specific surface area of this silica ranging from 30 m 2 / g to 250 m 2 / g.
• composition based on is meant a composition comprising the mixture and / or the reaction product in situ of the various constituents used, some of these constituents being capable of, or intended to react with each other, at least in part, during the various phases of manufacture of the composition, or during the subsequent firing, modifying the composition as it was initially prepared.
• compositions as implemented for the invention may be different in the uncrosslinked state and in the crosslinked state.
• any range of values designated by the expression “between a and b” represents the range of values from more than “a” to less than “b” (i.e., terminals a and b excluded). while any range of values designated by the term “from a to b” means the range of values from “a” to "b” (i.e., including the strict limits a and b).
• pce (usually “phr” in English for “per hundred part of rubber”) means parts by weight per hundred parts of elastomers (of the total elastomers if several elastomers are present) or rubber present in the composition of rubber.
• the compound is the majority of the compounds of the same type in the composition, that is to say that it is the one which represents the greatest quantity in mass or weight among the compounds of the same type. In other words, the mass of this compound represents at least 51% of the total mass of the compounds of the same type in the composition.
• a so-called majority reinforcing filler is the reinforcing filler representing the largest mass relative to the total mass of the fillers. reinforcing of the composition. In other words, the mass of this reinforcing filler represents at least 51% of the total weight of the reinforcing fillers in the composition.
• the term "fatty acid” is intended to mean a carboxylic acid having a long carbon chain; especially saturated or unsaturated.
• the fatty acid comprises from 14 to 28 carbon atoms and is in particular saturated. More preferably, the fatty acid comprises from 16 to 20 carbon atoms; more preferably still, the fatty acid is stearic acid.
• the compounds, reagents and other components mentioned in the description may be of fossil origin or biosourced. In the latter case, they can be, partially or totally, derived from biomass or obtained from renewable raw materials derived from biomass. These include monomers, polymers, plasticizers, fillers, etc.
• compositions according to the invention comprise one or more diene elastomers.
• diene elastomer or indistinctly rubber, whether natural or synthetic, must be understood in known manner an elastomer consisting at least in part (ie, a homopolymer or a copolymer) of monomeric diene units (monomers carrying two carbon-carbon double bonds, conjugated or not). Diene elastomers can be classified into two categories:
• Essentially unsaturated or "essentially saturated”.
• the term “essentially unsaturated” is generally understood to mean a diene elastomer derived at least in part from conjugated diene monomers, having a proportion of units or units of diene origin (conjugated dienes) which is greater than 15% (mol%);
• diene elastomers such as butyl rubbers or copolymers of dienes and alpha-olefins of the EPDM type do not fall within the above definition and may in particular be described as “essentially saturated” diene elastomers ( low or very low diene origin, always less than 15%).
• the term “highly unsaturated” diene elastomer is particularly understood to mean a diene elastomer having a content of units of diene origin (conjugated dienes) which is greater than 50%.
• iene elastomer can be understood more particularly to be used in the compositions according to the invention: (a) any homopolymer of a conjugated diene monomer, in particular any homopolymer obtained by polymerization of a conjugated diene monomer having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms;
• a ternary copolymer obtained by copolymerization of ethylene, an ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 6 carbon atoms with a non-conjugated diene monomer having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms for example the elastomers obtained from ethylene, propylene with a nonconjugated diene monomer of the aforementioned type such as in particular 1,4-hexadiene, ethylidene norbornene, dicyclop entadiene;
• diene elastomer any type of diene elastomer, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is preferably carried out with essentially unsaturated diene elastomers, in particular of the type (a) or (b) ci -above.
• conjugated dienes 1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,3-di (C 1 -C 5) alkyl-1,3-butadienes, such as for example 2 3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,3-diethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-3-ethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-3-isopropyl-1, 3-butadiene, aryl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2,4-hexadiene.
• alkyl-1,3-butadienes such as for example 2 3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,3-diethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-3-ethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-3-isopropyl-1, 3-butadiene, aryl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2,4-hexa
• Suitable vinyl aromatic compounds are, for example, styrene, ortho-, meta-, para-methylstyrene, the commercial "vinyl-toluene" mixture, para-tert-butylstyrene, methoxystyrenes, chlorostyrenes, vinylmesitylene, divinylbenzene, vinylnaphthalene.
• the copolymers may contain from 99% to 20% by weight of diene units and from 1% to 80% by weight of vinylaromatic units.
• the elastomers may have any microstructure which is a function of the polymerization conditions used, in particular the presence or absence of a modifying and / or randomizing agent and the amounts of modifying and / or randomizing agent used.
• the elastomers can be for example block, statistical, sequenced, microsequenced, and be prepared in dispersion or in solution; they may be coupled and / or starred or functionalized with a coupling agent and / or starring or functionalization.
• functional groups comprising a C-Sn bond or amino functional groups such as aminobenzophenone for example.
• silanol or polysiloxane functional groups having a silanol end as described, for example, in FR2740778 or US6013718, and WO2008 / 141702
• alkoxysilane groups as described for example in FR2765882 or US59772308
• carboxylic groups as described for example in WO01 / 92402 or US6815473, WO2004 / 096865 or US2006 / 0089445
• polyether groups as described for example in EPI 127909 or US6503973, WO2009 / 000750 and WO2009 / 000752).
• Functional elastomers that may be mentioned are those prepared by the use of a functional initiator, especially those bearing an amine or tin function (see, for example, WO2010 / 072761).
• a functional initiator especially those bearing an amine or tin function
• elastomers such as SBR, BR, NR or IR
• These functionalized elastomers can be used in cutting (mixing) with each other or with unfunctionalized elastomers.
• a silanol or polysiloxane functionalized elastomer having a silanol end in admixture with a coupled and / or stanned tin elastomer (described in WO2011 / 042507), the latter representing a rate of between 5 and 50%. for example from 25 to 50%.
• Tg glass transition temperature
• styrene content of between 5% and 60% by weight and more particularly between 20% and 50% by weight relative to the weight of the copolymer, a content (mol%) in -1,2 bonds of the part butadiene content between 4% and 75%, a content (mol%) of trans-1,4 bonds of the butadiene part of between 10% and 80%, butadiene-isoprene copolymers and in particular those having an isoprene content of between 5% and 90% by weight relative to the weight of the copolymer and a Tg ranging from -40 ° C to -80 ° C, the copolymers i soprene-styrene and in particular those having a styrene content of between 5% and 50% by weight relative to the weight of the copolymer and a Tg of between -5 ° C.
• butadiene-styrene-isoprene copolymers those having a styrene content of between 5% and 50% by weight and more particularly between 10% and 40% by weight relative to the weight of the copolymer are particularly suitable.
• the content of styrene, butadiene, isoprene by weight, the molar content of the -1,2 units of the butadiene part, the molar content of the trans-1,4 units of the butadiene part, the molar content in -1,2 units of the isoprenic portion, the molar content of the isoprene portion -3.4 units and the trans-1,4 units content of the isoprene portion of the copolymers are measured by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
• the rubber composition may comprise, for example, from 50 to 100 phr of a first diene elastomer and from 0 to 50 phr of a second diene elastomer different from the first diene elastomer.
• the diene elastomer (s) of the composition according to the invention may be chosen preferentially from the group of highly unsaturated diene elastomers consisting of polybutadienes (abbreviated as "BR”), polyisoprenes (abbreviated “IR”) of synthesis, rubber natural (abbreviated “NR”), butadiene copolymers, isoprene copolymers and mixtures of these elastomers.
• BR polybutadienes
• IR polyisoprenes
• NR rubber natural
• butadiene copolymers butadiene copolymers
• isoprene copolymers and mixtures of these elastomers.
• Such copolymers are more preferably chosen from the group consisting of butadiene-styrene copolymers (abbreviated as "SBR”), isoprene-butadiene copolymers (abbreviated as “BIR”), and isoprene-styrene copolymers (in particular: abbreviated “SIR”), copolymers of ethylene-butadiene and copolymers of isoprene-butadiene-styrene (abbreviated "SBIR”).
• SBR butadiene-styrene copolymers
• BIR isoprene-butadiene copolymers
• SIR isoprene-styrene copolymers
• SBIR isoprene-styrene copolymers
• composition according to the invention may contain a single diene elastomer or a mixture of several diene elastomers, the diene elastomer or elastomers which may be used in combination with any type of synthetic elastomer other than diene, or even with polymers other than elastomers, for example thermoplastic polymers.
• the composition according to the invention may comprise a single elastomer chosen from the group formed by polybutadienes, synthetic polyisoprenes, natural rubber, butadiene-styrene copolymers, isoprene-butadiene copolymers, copolymers of isoprene-styrene, copolymers of isoprene- butadiene-styrene, ethylene-butadiene copolymers and mixtures of these elastomers, preferably the elastomer is a butadiene-styrene copolymer.
• a single elastomer chosen from the group formed by polybutadienes, synthetic polyisoprenes, natural rubber, butadiene-styrene copolymers, isoprene-butadiene copolymers, copolymers of isoprene-styrene, copolymers of isoprene- butadiene-styren
• the term "reinforcing filler” is understood to mean a filler known for its ability to reinforce a rubber composition which can be used for the manufacture of tires.
• reinforcing fillers are organic fillers, such as carbon black, and inorganic fillers.
• any inorganic or mineral filler regardless of its color and origin (natural or synthetic), also called “white” charge, “clear” charge or “non-black filler” charge as opposed to carbon black, this inorganic filler being able to reinforce on its own, with no other means than an intermediate coupling agent, a rubber composition intended for the manufacturing a semi-finished article for a tire, in other words able to replace, in its reinforcing function, a conventional pneumatic grade carbon black for a semi-finished article, in particular a tread.
• Such a charge is generally characterized by the presence of functional groups, in particular hydroxyl (-OH), at its surface, thereby requiring the use of an agent or coupling system intended to ensure a stable chemical bond between the elastomer and said charge.
• composition according to the invention comprises, as inorganic reinforcing filler, a silica in the form of essentially spherical nanoparticles, the BET specific surface area of this silica ranging from 30 m 2 / g to 250 m 2 / g.
• nanoparticles used in the present application must be understood in its usual generic sense of nanoscale aggregate (also called “secondary particle”) and not in that of elementary particles (also called “primary particle”), possibly form, if necessary, a part of this aggregate.
• aggregate is meant in known manner the whole non-breaking (ie which can not be cut, split, shared) that is produced during the synthesis of the load, usually formed of elementary particles (primary) agreed between them .
• the silica nanoparticles used in the compositions of the invention are essentially spherical.
• essentially spherical is meant that the nanoparticles look like spheres or are spheres.
• a nanoparticle is considered to be a sphere if it has a sphericity index greater than or equal to 0.80, preferably ranging from 0.80 to 0.99; even more preferably from 0.85 to 0.99.
• the sphericity index is measured according to the method described in paragraph 1.1.2
• the silica in the form of essentially spherical nanoparticles may have a BET specific surface area ranging from 30 m 2 / g to 150 m 2 / g, preferably from 30 m 2 / g to 120 m 2 / g, moreover more preferred from 30 m 2 / g to 100 m 2 / g.
• the BET surface area is measured according to the protocol described in paragraph 1.1.1.
• the essentially spherical nanoparticles are nanoparticles of amorphous silica. These nanoparticles are dense, that is to say, not very porous or non-porous. Compared with the silica particles obtained by precipitation, the silica nanoparticles used in the compositions of the invention are essentially spherical. In particular, they are not very structured.
• the dispersion of the silica in the form of substantially spherical nanoparticles in the elastomeric matrix is advantageously comparable to that obtained for so-called "highly dispersible" silicas.
• the dispersion of this silica in the elastomeric matrix of the composition of the invention has, in particular, a Z score greater than or equal to 80. This note is measured according to the method described in paragraph 1.1.5.
• the median mass size (d 5 o) of the essentially spherical silica nanoparticles may be less than or equal to 100 nm, preferably it ranges from 10 to 80 nm, preferably from 20 to 70 nm. .
• This median size of the nanoparticles corresponds to the size for which there is 50% by mass of the aggregates (nanoparticles) smaller than this size and 50% by mass of the aggregates (nanoparticles) larger than this size.
• the median size d 5 o is measured according to the method described in paragraph 1.1.3.
• the number of silanol group per nm 2 (NsioH / nm of the silica in the form of substantially spherical nanoparticles may be greater than or equal to 4, preferably may range from 4 to 12, more preferably may range from 5 to 10. number of silanol groups per nm 2 is measured according to the method described in section 1.1.4
• Silica in the form of essentially spherical nanoparticles is well known to those skilled in the art and can be obtained in particular by processes such as, for example, the process from Stoeber (W.Stoeber, A. Fink, E. Bohm, J. Colloid Inter.Sci 26, 62-69 (1968) or by fusion processes, in particular with the electric arc. obtained by electric arc melting processes is also called fused silica (or fused silica).
• the silica in the form of nanoparticles substantially spherical may be a fused silica.
• Fused silica (fused silica in English) is a synthetic amorphous silica, not to be confused with fused quartz (quartz fused in English) or vitreous silica (vitrous silica in English), nor with pyrogenic silicas.
• the vitreous silica is obtained by heating crystallized silica above its melting point and cooling it rapidly to avoid recrystallization.
• the fumed silicas are obtained by spraying silica at high temperature in the presence of a reducing agent such as charcoal or by burning silicon tetrachloride in the presence of hydrochloric acid and methane or hydrogen.
• the fused silica for its part, is obtained by electric arc or by plasma melting, that is to say by spraying amorphous silica powder of high purity at an elevated temperature of at least 1750 ° C. in the presence of oxygen gas and air and maintaining this temperature above the melting temperature of the silica so that the silica melts.
• the fused silica is a silica of high purity which can comprise more than 99% by weight of two elements: Si and O.
• the fused silica has few impurities contrary to the silicas obtained by pyrogenation.
• Silicas in the form of essentially spherical nanoparticles are especially commercially available, for example from the supplier Denki Kagaku Kabushiki Kogyo (DENKA)
• DENKA Denki Kagaku Kabushiki Kogyo
• silica used in the context of the invention are particularly suitable for UFP silicas -40 and UFP-30 marketed by DENKA in the form of an "ultra-fine" powder
• the silica content in the form of essentially spherical nanoparticles in the composition of the invention ranges from 60 to 250 phr, preferably 80 to 2 It is understood that one skilled
• the majority reinforcing filler may be silica in the form of essentially spherical nanoparticles, that is to say that the weight of said silica represents at least 51% of the total weight of the reinforcing filler.
• the weight of this silica may represent more than 60%, preferably more than 90% by weight of the total weight of the reinforcing filler; the remainder of the reinforcing filler consisting of carbon black or at least one other inorganic reinforcing filler different from the silica in the form of essentially spherical nanoparticles or else a mixture of carbon black and of said other reinforcing filler inorganic.
• the other reinforcing inorganic filler may be a filler of the siliceous or aluminous type, or a mixture of these two types of filler.
• the other reinforcing inorganic filler of siliceous type may be any reinforcing silica known to those skilled in the art, especially any precipitated or pyrogenic silica, having a BET surface and a CTAB specific surface both less than 450 m 2 / g, preferably from 30 to 400 m 2 / g.
• Highly dispersible precipitated silicas are preferred, in particular when the invention is used for the manufacture of tires having a low rolling resistance; examples of such silicas include Ultrasil 7000 silicas from Evonik, Zeosil 1165 MP, 1135 MP and 1115 MP silicas from Solvay, Hi-Sil silica EZ150G from PPG, Zeopol 8715 silicas, 8745 or 8755 of the Huber Company, the silicas as described in the aforementioned application WO 03/016837.
• Another reinforcing inorganic filler may be a reinforcing alumina (Al 2 O 3 ); preferentially a highly dispersible alumina having a BET surface area ranging from 30 to 400 m 2 / g, more preferably between 60 and 250 m 2 / g, an average particle size of at most 500 nm, more preferably at most equal to 200 nm .
• a reinforcing aluminas mention may be made in particular of "Baikalox A125” or “CR125” aluminums (Baikowski company), "APA-100RDX” (Condea), "Aluminoxid C” (Evonik) or "AKP-G015" (Sumitomo Chemicals).
• inorganic filler suitable for use in the rubber compositions of the invention, mention may also be made of aluminum (oxide) hydroxides, aluminosilicates, titanium oxides, carbides or nitrides of silicon, all of the reinforcing type as described, for example, in WO 99/28376, WO 00/73372, WO 02/053634, WO 2004/003067, WO 2004/056915.
• reinforcing inorganic filler also refers to mixtures of different reinforcing inorganic fillers, in particular siliceous fillers in the form of essentially spherical or non-spherical nanoparticles and / or aluminous highly dispersible as described above.
• composition of the invention may further comprise carbon black.
• Carbon blacks are suitable for all carbon blacks, in particular blacks of the HAF, ISAF, SAF type conventionally used in tires (so-called pneumatic grade blacks).
• the reinforcing carbon blacks of the 100, 200 or 300 series for example blacks NI 15, N134, N234, N326, N330, N339, N347, N375, or else, according to the targeted applications, the blacks of higher series (for example N660, N683, N772).
• the carbon blacks could for example already be incorporated into an isoprene elastomer in the form of a masterbatch (see for example WO 97/36724 or WO 99/16600).
• the total rate of reinforcing filler (s) may range from 60 to 300 phr, more preferably from 80 to 250 phr.
• the total rate of reinforcing filler (s) corresponds to the sum of the silica content in the form of substantially spherical nanoparticles and other organic or inorganic reinforcing fillers when they are present.
• composition of the invention comprises at least one coupling agent which makes it possible to bind the reinforcing inorganic filler to the diene elastomer.
• a coupling agent may be used for organosilanes, in particular polysulfurized alkoxysilanes or mercoptsilanes, or at least bifunctional polyorganosiloxanes. These coupling agents are intended to ensure a sufficient connection, of a chemical and / or physical nature, between the inorganic filler (surface of its particles) and the diene elastomer.
• the organosilanes may in particular be polysulfide silanes, called “symmetrical” or “asymmetrical” according to their particular structure, as described for example in the applications WO03 / 002648 (or US 2005/016651) and WO03 / 002649 (or US 2005/016650 ).
• polysulphide silanes known as "symmetrical" silanes having the following general formula (II) are suitable, but not limited to, below:
• x is an integer of 2 to 8 (preferably 2 to 5);
• A which may be identical or different, represents a divalent hydrocarbon radical (preferably C 1 -C 18 alkylene groups or C 6 -C 12 arylene groups, more particularly C 1 -C 10, especially C 1 -C 4 , alkylene radicals, especially propylene);
• the radicals R 1 substituted or unsubstituted, which are identical to or different from each other, represent a C1-C18 alkyl, a C5-C18 aryl or C 6 -Ci8 (preferably an alkyl-C 6, cyclohexyl or phenyl, in particular C1-C4, more particularly methyl and / or ethyl) .
• the radicals R 2 substituted or unsubstituted, which are identical to or different from one another, represent a C 1 -C 18 alkoxyl group or a C 5 -C 18 cycloalkoxyl (preferably a group chosen from C 1 -C 8 alkoxyls and cycloalkoxyls in cs-cs, more preferably a group selected from alkoxyl C 1 -C 4, especially methoxyl and Péthoxyle).
• a mixture of polysulfurized alkoxysilanes corresponding to the formula
• the average value of "x" is a fractional number preferably between 2 and 5, more preferably close to 4.
• polysulphide silanes mention may be made more particularly of bis (C 1 -C 4 ) -alkyl (C 1 -C 4 ) alkylsilyl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl (especially disulfide, trisulphide or tetrasulfide) polysulphides.
• TESPT bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) polysulfides
• TESPD bis- (triethoxysilylpropyl)
• polysulphides especially disulphides, trisulphides or tetrasulphides
• bis- (monoalkoxyl (C -C 4) -dialkyl (Ci-C 4) silylpropyl) more particularly of bis-monoethoxydimethylsilylpropyl such as described in patent application WO 02/083782 (or US 2004/132880).
• WO02 / 30939 or US6,774,255
• WO02 / 31041 or US2004 / 051210)
• silanes or POS bearing functional azo-dicarbonyl groups as described for example in the patent applications WO2006 / 125532, WO2006 / 125533, WO 2006/125534.
• silanes bearing at least one thiol function (-SH) (called mercaptosilanes) and / or of at least one a blocked thiol function, as described for example in patents or patent applications US6,849,754, WO99 / 09036, WO2006 / 023815 and WO2007 / 098080.
• -SH thiol function
• the content of coupling agent may advantageously be less than 20 phr.
• the level of coupling agent may preferably be from 0.3 to 15 phr. This level may be readily adjusted by those skilled in the art depending on the level of inorganic reinforcing filler used in the composition.
• the rubber composition according to the invention may also contain, in addition to the coupling agents, coupling activators, charge-recovery agents or, more generally, processing aid agents which can be used in known manner, thanks to an improvement of the dispersion of the filler in the rubber matrix and a lowering of the viscosity of the composition, to improve its ability to implement in the green state, these agents being, for example, hydrolysable silanes such as alkylalkoxysilanes; polyols, polyethers, primary, secondary or tertiary amines, hydroxylated or hydrolysable polyorganosiloxanes.
• these agents being, for example, hydrolysable silanes such as alkylalkoxysilanes; polyols, polyethers, primary, secondary or tertiary amines, hydroxylated or hydrolysable polyorganosiloxanes.
• the composition according to the invention may further comprise at least one plasticizing agent.
• the plasticizer may be chosen from plasticizing resins having a glass transition temperature (Tg) greater than 20 ° C, liquid plasticizers at room temperature (23 ° C) and mixtures thereof.
• the plasticizer may be a plasticizer system composed of at least one plasticizing resin having a glass transition temperature (Tg) greater than 20 ° C and at least one liquid plasticizer at room temperature (23 ° C) .
• the level of plasticizer in the composition can range from 10 phr to 220 phr, preferably from 20 to 180 phr.
• plasticizing resin is reserved in the present application, by definition, to a compound which is solid on the one hand at room temperature (23 ° C.) (as opposed to liquid plasticizer compound such as an oil), on the other hand compatible (that is to say miscible with the rate used, typically greater than 5 phr) with the rubber composition for which it is intended, so as to act as a true diluting agent.
• Hydrocarbon resins are polymers well known to those skilled in the art, miscible by nature in diene (s) elastomer compositions (s) when they are further qualified as “plasticizers". They have been described, for example, in the book “Hydrocarbon Resins” by R. Mildenberg, M. Zander and G. Collin (New York, VCH, 1997, ISBN 3-527-28617-9), chapter 5 of which is devoted their applications, in particular pneumatic rubber (5.5 “Rubber Tires and Mechanical Goods”).
• the plasticizing hydrocarbon resin has at least one of the following characteristics:
• Tg greater than 20 ° C, more preferably greater than 30 ° C;
• Mn a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of between 400 and 2000 g / mol, more preferentially between 500 and 1500 g / mol;
• this plasticizing hydrocarbon resin has all of the above preferred characteristics.
• the glass transition temperature Tg is measured in a known manner by DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), according to the ASTM D3418 (1999) standard.
• the macrostructure (Mw, Mn and Ip) of the hydrocarbon resin is determined by steric exclusion chromatography (SEC): solvent tetrahydrofuran; temperature 35 ° C; concentration 1 g / 1; flow rate 1 ml / min; filtered solution on 0.45 ⁇ porosity filter before injection; Moore calibration with polystyrene standards; set of 3 "WATERS" columns in series (“STYRAGEL” HR4E, HR1 and HR0.5); differential refractometer detection ("WATERS 2410") and its associated operating software (“WATERS EMPOWER”).
• the plasticizing resins may be aliphatic, aromatic or aliphatic / aromatic type that is to say based on aliphatic and / or aromatic monomers. They may be natural or synthetic, whether or not based on petroleum (if so, also known as petroleum resins).
• the plasticizing hydrocarbon resin is selected from the group consisting of homopolymer resins or copolymers of cyclopentadiene (abbreviated CPD) or dicyclopentadiene (abbreviated DCPD), terpene homopolymer or copolymer resins, terpene phenol homopolymer or copolymer resins, homopolymer or C5 cut copolymer resins, C9 homopolymer or copolymer cut resins and mixtures of these resins, especially the mixture of C5 homopolymer or copolymer resins and C9 homopolymer or copolymer resins.
• CPD cyclopentadiene
• DCPD dicyclopentadiene
• copolymer resins are preferably used those selected from the group consisting of CPD / vinylaromatic copolymer resins, DCPD / vinylaromatic copolymer resins, CPD / terpene copolymer resins, DCPD / terpene copolymer resins, CPD / C5 cut copolymer resins, DCPD / C5 cut copolymer resins, terpene / vinylaromatic copolymer resins, C5 / vinylaromatic cut copolymer resins, and mixtures of these resins.
• pene here combines in a known manner the alpha-pinene, beta-pinene and limonene monomers; preferably, a limonene monomer is used which is present in a known manner in the form of three possible isomers: L-limonene (laevorotatory enantiomer), D-limonene (dextrorotatory enantiomer), or the dipentene, racemic of the dextrorotatory and levorotatory enantiomers. .
• vinyl aromatic monomers examples include styrene, alpha-methylstyrene, ortho-, meta-, para-methylstyrene, vinyl-toluene, para-tertiarybutylstyrene, methoxystyrenes, chlorostyrenes, vinylmesitylene and divinylbenzene.
• vinyl naphthalene any vinylaromatic monomer from a C9 cut (or more generally from a C8 to C10 cut).
• the vinylaromatic monomer is styrene or a vinylaromatic monomer resulting from a C9 cut (or more generally from a C8 to C10 cut).
• the vinylaromatic monomer is the minor monomer, expressed as a mole fraction, in the copolymer under consideration.
• the plasticizing hydrocarbon resin is chosen from the group consisting of CPD homopolymer resins, DCPD homopolymer resins, CPD / styrene copolymer resins, DCPD / styrene copolymer resins, polylimonene resins, limonene / styrene copolymer resins, limonene / CPD copolymer resins, limonene / DCPD copolymer resins, C5 / styrene cut copolymer resins, C5 cut copolymer resins, C9 cut copolymer resins and blends of these resins, including blends of C5 cut copolymer resins and C9 cut copolymer resins.
• the preferred resins above are well known to those skilled in the art and commercially available, for example sold with regard to:
• C5 / vinylaromatic cut copolymer resins in particular C5 / styrene cut or C5 / C9 cut: by Neville Chemical Company under the names "Super Nevtac 78", “Super Nevtac 85” or “Super Nevtac 99", by Goodyear Chemicals under "Wingtack Extra” denomination, by Ko Ion under the names "Hikorez T1095" and “Hikorez T1100”, by Exxon under the names "Escorez 2101" and "ECR 373";
• the plasticizing agent may be a liquid plasticizer at room temperature (23 ° C.), for example an extender oil (or plasticizing oil) that is liquid at room temperature and whose usual function is to facilitate the implementation, by lowering the Mooney plasticity and improve endurance by decreasing the elongation modulators.
• an extender oil or plasticizing oil
• any extender oil whether aromatic or non-aromatic in nature known for its plasticizing properties vis-à-vis diene elastomers can be used. At room temperature (23 ° C), these oils, more or less viscous, are liquids (that is to say, as a reminder, substances having the ability to eventually take the shape of their container), as opposed in particular to resins or rubbers which are inherently solid.
• the plasticizing oil may have the following characteristic: its glass transition temperature Tg is less than 0 ° C., preferably less than -20 ° C. The glass transition temperature is measured according to ASTM D3418 (1999).
• the extender oil may be chosen from the group consisting of polyolefinic oils (that is to say from the polymerization of olefins, monoolefins or diolefins), paraffinic oils, naphthenic oils (with low or high viscosity, especially hydrogenated), aromatic oils, MES (Medium Extracted Solvates) oils, Treated Distillate Aromatic Extracts (TDAE) oils, mineral oils, vegetable oils, ethers plasticizers, ester plasticizers, phosphate plasticizers, sulphonate plasticizers and mixtures of these compounds. For example, there may be mentioned those containing between 12 and 30 carbon atoms, for example trioctyl phosphate.
• non-aqueous and non-water-soluble ester plasticizers mention may be made in particular of compounds selected from the group consisting of trimellitates, pyromellitates, phthalates, 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylates, adipates, azela- sebacates, glycerol triesters and mixtures of these compounds.
• glycerol triesters preferably consisting mainly (for more than 50%, more preferably for more than 80% by weight) of a C18 unsaturated fatty acid, that is, that is to say chosen from the group consisting of oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and mixtures of these acids. More preferably, whether of synthetic or natural origin (for example vegetable oils of sunflower or rapeseed), the fatty acid used is more than 50% by weight, more preferably still more than 80% by weight. % by weight of oleic acid.
• Such high oleic acid triesters (trioleates) are well known, they have been described, for example, in the application WO02 / 088238, as plasticizers in tire treads.
• a vegetable oil selected from the group consisting of linseed, safflower, soybean, corn, cotton, rape, castor oil, tungsten, pine, sunflower, palm, olive, coconut, peanut, grape seed oils is used. and mixtures of these oils, especially sunflower oil.
• This vegetable oil, particularly sunflower oil is more preferably an oil rich in oleic acid, that is to say that the fatty acid (or all the fatty acids, if several are present) from which it derives comprises oleic acid in a mass fraction of at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, in particular equal to or greater than 80%.
• the liquid plasticizer is a petroleum oil, preferably a non-aromatic oil, or a vegetable oil.
• a liquid plasticizer is described as non-aromatic since it has a content of polycyclic aromatic compounds, determined with the extract in DMSO according to the IP346 method, of less than 3%, relative to the total weight of the liquid plasticizer.
• liquid plasticizer selected from the group consisting of MES oils, TDAE oils, naphthenic oils (low or high viscosity, including hydrogenated or not), paraffinic oils and mixtures of these oils.
• the plasticizer may be at least one plasticizing resin as mentioned above in a mixture with at least one plasticizer liquid at room temperature as described above.
• the plasticizer system may comprise, at a content A ranging from 5 to 120 phr, preferably from 10 to 100 phr, of plasticizing resin as described above and a level B ranging from 5 to 100 phr; preferably from 10 to 80, of plasticizer liquid at room temperature as described above.
• the overall rate (A + B) of the plasticizer system may range from 10 to 220 phr in the composition according to the invention, preferably from 20 to 180 phr.
• the plasticizer system may comprise:
• At least one plasticizing resin selected from the group consisting of CPD homopolymer resins, DCPD homopolymer resins, CPD / styrene copolymer resins, DCPD / styrene copolymer resins, polylimonene resins, limonene copolymer resins styrene, limonene / CPD copolymer resins, limonene / DCPD copolymer resins, C5 / styrene cut copolymer resins, C5 cut copolymer resins, C9 cut copolymer resins, and mixtures of these resins, including blends of C5 cut copolymer resins and C9 cut copolymer resins; and
• liquid plasticizer which is a petroleum oil and vegetable oils, in particular which is selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils, MES oils, TDAE oils, naphthenic oils (low or high viscosity, especially hydrogenated or not), paraffinic oils and mixtures of these oils.
• composition according to the invention comprises a chemical crosslinking system which allows the formation of covalent bonds between the elastomer chains.
• the chemical crosslinking system may be a vulcanization system or a one or more peroxide compound system.
• the crosslinking system is a vulcanization system, that is to say a system based on sulfur (or a sulfur-donor agent) and a primary vulcanization accelerator.
• a vulcanization system that is to say a system based on sulfur (or a sulfur-donor agent) and a primary vulcanization accelerator.
• various known secondary accelerators or vulcanization activators such as zinc oxide, stearic acid or equivalent compounds are incorporated.
• guanidine derivatives in particular diphenylguanidine.
• the vulcanization system comprises sulfur, zinc, especially in the form of zinc oxide, and at least one fatty acid, especially a fatty acid having from 16 to 20 carbon atoms such as stearic acid.
• sulfur When sulfur is used, it is used at a preferential rate of between 0.5 and 12 phr, in particular between 1 and 10 phr.
• the primary vulcanization accelerator is used at a preferential rate of between 0.5 and 10 phr, more preferably between 0.5 and 5 phr.
• the chemical crosslinking system is a vulcanization system which comprises sulfur, from 0 to 1 phr of zinc and from 0 to 1 phr of fatty acid, in particular a fatty acid comprising from 16 to at 20 carbon atoms, preferably saturated, such as, for example, stearic acid.
• the chemical crosslinking system is a vulcanization system which comprises sulfur, between 0 and 0.5 phr of zinc and between 0 and 0.5 phr of fatty acid, in particular a fatty acid comprising from 16 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably saturated, such as, for example, stearic acid.
• accelerator primary or secondary
• any compound capable of acting as an accelerator of vulcanization of diene elastomers in the presence of sulfur in particular thiazole-type accelerators and their derivatives, accelerators of thiuram type, zinc dithiocarbamates.
• accelerators are for example selected from the group consisting of 2-mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide (abbreviated "MBTS”), tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide (“TBZTD”), N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide (“CBS”), N, N dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulphenamide (“DCBS”), N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazyl sulphenamide (“TBBS”), N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazyl sulphenimide (“TBSI”), zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate (“ ZBEC ”) and mixtures of these compounds.
• a primary accelerator of the sulfenamide type is used.
• the level of said peroxide compound (s) can range from 0.01 to 10 phr.
• peroxidic compounds that may be used as chemical crosslinking system, mention may be made of acyl peroxides, for example benzoyl peroxide or p-chlorobenzoyl peroxide, peroxide ketones, for example methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, peroxyesters, for example t-butylperoxyacetate, t-butylperoxybenzoate and t-butylperoxyphthalate, alkyl peroxides, for example dicumyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxybenzoate and 1,3-bis (t-butyl peroxyisopropyl) benzene, hydroperoxides, for example t-butyl hydroperoxide).
• acyl peroxides for example benzoyl peroxide or p-chlorobenzoyl peroxide
• peroxide ketones for example
• the rubber compositions of the tires according to the invention may optionally also include all or part of the usual additives usually used in elastomer compositions intended for the manufacture of semi-finished products and tires, such as, for example, pigments, such as anti-ozone waxes, chemical antiozonants, anti-oxidants, anti-fatigue agents, cross-linking agents other than those mentioned above, reinforcing resins, acceptors (for example phenolic novolak resin) or donors methylene (for example HMT or H3M) as described for example in the application WO 02/10269.
• the compositions according to the invention can be used alone or in a blend (i.e. blend) with any other rubber composition usable for the manufacture of semi-finished products and tires.
• the invention relates to the rubber compositions previously described both in the "raw” or uncured state (ie before firing) and in the so-called “cooked” or cross-linked state, or else vulcanized (ie after crosslinking or vulcanization).
• compositions of the invention are well suited for the manufacture of semi-finished and finished products for tires, in particular for tires intended to equip non-powered vehicles such as bicycles, tourism-type motor vehicles, SUVs ( Sport Utility Vehicles), two-wheelers (including motorcycles), airplanes, industrial vehicles chosen from light-duty trucks, heavy goods vehicles (ie subway, buses, road vehicles (trucks and trailers) )), off-road vehicles, such as agricultural or engineering machinery, other transport or handling vehicles.
• non-powered vehicles such as bicycles, tourism-type motor vehicles, SUVs ( Sport Utility Vehicles), two-wheelers (including motorcycles), airplanes, industrial vehicles chosen from light-duty trucks, heavy goods vehicles (ie subway, buses, road vehicles (trucks and trailers) )
• off-road vehicles such as agricultural or engineering machinery, other transport or handling vehicles.
• the rubber compositions of the invention can be manufactured in suitable mixers, using two successive preparation phases according to a general procedure well known to those skilled in the art: a first phase of work or thermomechanical mixing (sometimes term “non-productive" phase) at a high temperature, up to a maximum temperature of between 130 ° C and 200 ° C, preferably between 145 ° C and 185 ° C, followed by a second phase of mechanical work (sometimes called “productive" phase) at a lower temperature, typically less than 120 ° C, for example between 60 ° C and 100 ° C , a finishing phase during which the crosslinking or vulcanization system is incorporated, such phases have been described for example in applications EP 0501227, EP 0735088 and EP 0810258.
• the first (non-productive) phase is preferably carried out in several thermomechanical steps.
• a suitable mixer such as a conventional internal mixer (s) in one or more successive portions, in particular silica in the form of essentially spherical nanoparticles and having a BET specific surface area ranging from 30 m 2 / g to 250 m 2 / g, the combination of plasticizers (and optionally the coupling agents and / or other ingredients with the exception of vulcanization system), at a temperature of between 20 ° C and 100 ° C and preferably between 25 ° C and 100 ° C.
• the other ingredients ie, those that remain if all were not put initially
• the total mixing time is preferably between 2 and 10 minutes at a temperature of less than or equal to 180 ° C, and preferably less than or equal to 170 ° C.
• the vulcanization system is then incorporated at low temperature (typically below 100 ° C.), generally in an external mixer such as a roller mixer; the whole is then mixed (productive phase) for a few minutes, for example between 5 and 15 min.
• the final composition thus obtained is then calendered, for example in the form of a sheet or a plate, in particular for a characterization in the laboratory, or extruded, to form for example a rubber profile used for the manufacture of semi-finished products. finished in order to obtain products such as a tread.
• These products can then be used for the manufacture of tires, according to the techniques known to those skilled in the art.
• silica in the form of substantially spherical nanoparticles apply to the process described above.
• the BET specific surface area of this silica may range from 30 to 150 m 2 / g, even more preferably from 30 to 120 m 2 / g, more preferably from 30 to 100 m 2 / g.
• the silica in the form of essentially spherical nanoparticles has a silanol group number per nm 2 greater than or equal to 4, preferably ranging from 4 to 12, more preferably ranging from 5 to 10.
• the silica in the form of essentially spherical nanoparticles has a sphericity index greater than or equal to 0.80, preferably ranging from 0.80 to 0.99, more preferably ranging from 0.85 to 0.99.
• the silica in the form of essentially spherical nanoparticles may be a fused silica.
• the silica content in the form of substantially spherical nanoparticles can range from 60 to 250 phr, preferably 80 to 200 phr.
• the median size of the essentially spherical silica nanoparticles may be less than or equal to 100 nm, preferably it may range from 10 to 80 nm, even more preferably may range from 20 to 70 nm.
• the vulcanization (or cooking) is conducted in a known manner at a temperature generally between 130 ° C and 200 ° C, under pressure, for a sufficient time which can vary for example between 5 and 90 min depending in particular on the cooking temperature , the vulcanization system adopted, the kinetics of vulcanization of the composition in question or the size of the tire.
• the vulcanization system comprises sulfur, zinc, especially in the form of zinc oxide, and at least one fatty acid, especially a fatty acid having from 16 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably saturated, such as stearic acid.
• sulfur When sulfur is used, it is used at a preferential rate of between 0.5 and 12 phr, in particular between 1 and 10 phr.
• the primary vulcanization accelerator is used at a preferential rate of between 0.5 and 10 phr, more preferably between 0.5 and 5 phr.
• the chemical crosslinking system is a vulcanization system which comprises sulfur, from 0 to 1 phr of zinc and from 0 to 1 phr of fatty acid, in particular a fatty acid comprising from 16 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably saturated, such as, for example, stearic acid.
• the chemical crosslinking system is a vulcanization system which comprises sulfur, between 0 and 0.5 phr of zinc and between 0 and 0.5 phr of fatty acid, in particular a fatty acid comprising from 16 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably saturated, such as, for example, stearic acid.
• a semi-finished product is a rubber product intended for tire manufacture.
• This may be any type of rubber strip, such as in particular treads, crown reinforcement plies (for example working plies, protective plies or hooping plies), carcass reinforcement plies. , flank plies, bead plies, plies of protectors, plies of underlays, plies of rubber blocks and other plies providing the interface between the aforementioned zones of the tires.
• the semi-finished article is a tread.
• the invention also relates to a tire comprising at least one semi-finished article as mentioned above.
• compositions in the following manner: one introduces in one or more successive portions into an internal mixer, filled to 70% and whose initial tank temperature is about 50.degree. diene elastomer (SBR copolymer), the reinforcing filler (test silica), the coupling agent and the plasticizing agents, then, after one to two minutes of mixing, the various other ingredients with the exception of the vulcanization system.
• Thermomechanical work (non-productive phase) is then carried out in one step (total mixing time equal to about 10 minutes), until a maximum "falling" temperature of approximately 165 ° C. is reached.
• the mixture thus obtained is recovered, cooled and the vulcanization system (sulfur and accelerator) is added to an external mixer (homoformer) at about 70 ° C., mixing the whole (productive phase) for about 5 to 10 minutes.
• compositions thus obtained are then calendered either in the form of plates (thickness of 2 to 3 mm) or of thin sheets of rubber for the measurement of their physical or mechanical properties after firing, or in the form of profiles that can be used directly, after cutting. and / or assembly to the desired dimensions, for example as semi-finished products for tires, in particular as treads of tires. • Trial 1
• the purpose of the following test is to demonstrate the improved properties of a rubber composition according to the invention compared to non-compliant compositions not comprising silica in the form of essentially spherical nanoparticles as a reinforcing filler.
• compositions comprising a diene elastomer (SBR copolymer), a coupling agent and a vulcanization system are compared, each of the compositions being reinforced by a different silica whose characteristics are specified below.
• Composition T1 control composition whose reinforcing filler is a silica obtained by precipitation. It is non-spherical and has a BET specific surface area equal to 35 m 2 / g.
• Composition T2 control composition whose reinforcing filler is a silica obtained by pyrogenation. It is essentially spherical and has a BET specific surface area equal to 20 m 2 / g.
• Composition C1 Composition according to the invention, the reinforcing filler is a silica in the form of essentially spherical nanoparticles. It has a BET specific surface area equal to 40 m 2 / g.
• the level of coupling agent and the diphenylguanidine content are adapted according to the nature of the silica. Indeed, the greater the specific surface area of a silica, the greater the number of potential binding sites between the reinforcing filler and the elastomer is important; and therefore the amount of coupling agent should be important to promote the reinforcing filler / elastomer bonds. Those skilled in the art can therefore adapt these rates depending on the nature of the reinforcing filler used.
• the volume fraction of filler is identical for all the compositions.
• UFP-40 silica of Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki having a BET specific surface area 40 m 2 / g, a median size of the nanoparticles of 60 nm, a number of silanol groups per nm 2 equal to 8 and a sphericity index of 0.92. It is a fused silica.
• composition C1 according to the invention has a note Z greater than that of compositions T1 and T2. This indicates that the silica in the form of essentially spherical nanoparticles disperses in the elastomeric matrix much better than the other two silicas tested.
• the composition C1 according to the invention has very significantly improved breaking properties compared to compositions T1 and T2.
• the composition C1 according to the invention has a breaking stress twice as high as those of the compositions T1 and T2 while also having an elongation at break greater than that measured for the compositions T1 and T2.
• composition C1 according to the invention is compared to a control composition T0 comprising a diene elastomer (SBR copolymer), a coupling agent, a vulcanization system and a reinforcing filler which is a silica obtained by precipitation.
• This silica is non-spherical and has a BET specific surface area of 160 m 2 / g. It is called highly dispersible silica.
• the control composition T0 is a composition known to represent a good compromise of properties - rolling resistance / wear - while having very good adhesion properties.
• UFP-40 silica of Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki having a BET specific surface area 40 m 2 / g, a median size of the nanoparticles of 60 nm, a silanol group number per nm 2 is equal to 8 and a sphericity index of 0.92. It is a fused silica.
• the comparison is carried out with iso-volume fraction of charge so as to be able to determine the impact of the load tested on the properties of the rubber composition.
• the levels of coupling agent and diphenylguanidine (DPG) are adapted according to the nature of the silica.
• compositions T0 and Cl are distinguished by several parameters (nature of the silica, amount of silica, diluents and coupling agent), it is advantageous to be able to compare the composition according to the invention based on silica under form of essentially spherical nanoparticles with a composition known to represent a good compromise of properties - rolling resistance / wear - while having very good adhesion properties and to find that the composition according to the invention may be better than this composition known.
• composition C1 according to the invention has the same rigidity as the composition T0 used as representative of a tread conferring good adhesion properties and tire rolling resistance that includes it.
• the mechanical properties of the composition C1, translated by a stiffness equivalent to that of the composition T0, are a favorable index in terms of good adhesion properties of a tire provided with a tread comprising the composition Cl.
• composition C1 according to the invention has a note Z equivalent to that of the composition T0.
• the silica in the form of essentially spherical nanoparticles used in composition C1 disperses in the elastomeric matrix in a manner equivalent to a so-called "highly dispersible" silica.
• Table 4 also surprisingly shows that the composition C1 according to the invention has properties at break and hysteresis properties very significantly improved compared to the composition T0. The improvement of the hysteretic properties and properties at break is favorable for reducing the rolling resistance of a tire provided with a tread comprising a composition Cl.
• a silica in the form of substantially spherical nanoparticles and having a BET surface area greater than 30 m 2 / g as a reinforcing filler in a rubber composition for tires surprisingly allows to significantly improve the properties at break compared to compositions using another type of reinforcing filler.
• the purpose of this test is to demonstrate the advantage, over the roasting phenomenon, of the compositions of the invention having low levels of zinc oxide and stearic acid relative to control compositions in which the levels are also reduced. zinc oxide and stearic acid.
• compositions according to the invention C4 to C9 are compared to the control compositions TM4 to TM9.
• the TM4 composition is a composition representative of a formulation used for the manufacture of a tread.
• the compositions TM5 to TM9 have the same formulation as the TM4 composition with the exception of the levels of zinc oxide and stearic acid which are progressively reduced or even eliminated.
• the levels of zinc oxide and stearic acid in the compositions according to the invention C5 to C9 are also similarly reduced.
• the formulations of the different compositions TM4 to TM9 and C4 to C9 are given in Table 5.
• the amounts are expressed in parts per 100 parts by weight of elastomer (phr).
• the roasting phenomenon is observed by measuring the roasting time (T5) according to the method described in paragraph 1.2.3. The results are also provided in Table 5.
• UFP-40 silica of Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki having a BET specific surface area 40 m 2 / g, a median size of the nanoparticles of 60 nm, a silanol group number per nm 2 is equal to 8 and a sphericity index of 0.92. It is a fused silica.
• control compositions TM5 to TM8 or TM9 when the zinc oxide and stearic acid levels are decreased or eliminated in the control compositions (TM5 to TM8 or TM9), the roasting time is reduced by 60% of its value relative to the time of roasting of a control composition comprising usual amounts of zinc oxide and stearic acid (control composition T4).
• Control compositions TM5 to TM9 exhibit premature vulcanization ("scorching") and are extremely difficult to work and to implement industrially.
• composition C5 to C8 or C9 when the levels of zinc oxide and stearic acid are decreased or eliminated in the same manner as for the control compositions (composition TM5 to TM8 or TM9), the decrease in roasting time is very low.
• compositions C5 to C7 whose zinc oxide content has been decreased to 0.28 phr and that of stearic acid to 0.31 phr have the same toasting time than that of the composition C4. Premature vulcanization for these compositions is not observed.
• composition C9 When the levels of zinc oxide and stearic acid (C8 compositions) are further reduced or these two constituents (composition C9) are removed, a decrease of 30% in the value of the roasting time is observed. The roasting time obtained for C8 and C9 compositions is not unacceptable for an industrial use of these compositions.
• This test is intended to illustrate, the improved properties of a tire or tread comprising a rubber composition according to the invention compared to a tire or a tread having very good properties. adhesion and rolling resistance. The comparison is done at iso -rigidity.
• compositions T0 and C1 of the test No. 2 were used in this test as radial tire treads.
• the tire size used is 225/45 RI 7.
• the treads and tires comprising these treads are obtained according to shaping and forming processes well known to those skilled in the art and are identical in all respects.
• the composition T0 is used for the tread of the control tire PTO and the composition Cl is used for the tread of the tire according to the invention PCI.
• the PCI tire according to the present invention has a very significantly improved rolling resistance (40% better than that of the control tire) while maintaining a wear resistance. comparable to that of the PTO tire used as a control and has an adhesion on dry ground equivalent to that of the control tire.
• the PTO control tire is known to have a good compromise of properties - rolling resistance / wear / adhesion on dry ground. This example illustrates therefore very clearly the advantage of the present invention to access an improved compromise of tire performance.

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