WO2017133276A1 - 防弹防爆高强单元板及其制备方法、防护产品 - Google Patents

防弹防爆高强单元板及其制备方法、防护产品 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017133276A1
WO2017133276A1 PCT/CN2016/103367 CN2016103367W WO2017133276A1 WO 2017133276 A1 WO2017133276 A1 WO 2017133276A1 CN 2016103367 W CN2016103367 W CN 2016103367W WO 2017133276 A1 WO2017133276 A1 WO 2017133276A1
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WO
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Prior art keywords
strength unit
strength
explosion
laminate
proof
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Application number
PCT/CN2016/103367
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谷志飞
冯益柏
高山
Original Assignee
包头北方嘉瑞防务科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2017133276A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017133276A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D5/00—Safety arrangements
    • F42D5/04—Rendering explosive charges harmless, e.g. destroying ammunition; Rendering detonation of explosive charges harmless
    • F42D5/045—Detonation-wave absorbing or damping means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/06—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions for securing layers together; for attaching the product to another member, e.g. to a support, or to another product, e.g. groove/tongue, interlocking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/0076—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised in that the layers are not bonded on the totality of their surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/98—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against vibrations or shocks; against mechanical destruction, e.g. by air-raids
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H17/00—Fencing, e.g. fences, enclosures, corrals
    • E04H17/14—Fences constructed of rigid elements, e.g. with additional wire fillings or with posts
    • E04H17/20—Posts therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/20—All layers being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/56—Damping, energy absorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2571/00—Protective equipment
    • B32B2571/02—Protective equipment defensive, e.g. armour plates, anti-ballistic clothing

Definitions

  • the application relates to the technical field of safety protection, in particular to a bulletproof and explosion-proof high-strength unit board, a preparation method thereof and a protection product.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a bulletproof and explosion-proof high-strength unit board, a preparation method thereof and a protection product.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a bulletproof and explosion-proof high-strength unit board, including:
  • At least a part of the intermediate portion of the laminate is hot pressed together in a state where the support portions are respectively provided on both inner sides of the laminate, so that the middle portion of the laminate is dense and two after hot pressing A through hole is formed at the end to obtain the high strength unit plate.
  • the fabric, the unidirectional cloth, the non-woven fabric, or a combination thereof is hollowly wound into a plurality of turns to form a laminate, which may include: adopting a plate type Folding the fabric, unidirectional cloth, non-woven fabric or a combination thereof to form a laminate; or winding the fabric, unidirectional cloth, non-woven fabric or The combination is wound around a cylinder to form a laminate; or the woven fabric, the unidirectional cloth nonwoven fabric, or a combination thereof is wound up in a crawler-wound winding to form a laminate.
  • the method further comprises: separating or not separating the laminate from the support portion.
  • the support portion is formed with a release layer or a release layer, and preferably the release layer or the isolation layer comprises a carbon tube or a steel tube.
  • the release layer or the release layer is attached to the inner wall of the through hole.
  • the laminate is placed in a mold similar to a dumbbell structure and at least a middle portion of the laminate is heat pressed together to heat After pressing, the middle portion of the laminate is dense and through holes are formed at both ends.
  • the method further comprises: separating the high strength cell plate from the mold.
  • the hot pressing has a temperature ranging from 60 to 200 ° C and a pressure ranging from 1 to 40 MPa.
  • At least a portion of the intermediate portion of the laminate is hot pressed together, including: at a temperature of 60-120 ° C and a temperature of 1-10 MPa. Preheating under pressure to at least partially intermediate portions of the laminate, and subjecting the laminate to exhaust treatment; hot pressing the laminate at a temperature of 120-160 ° C and a pressure of 10-40 MPa At least a portion of the intermediate portion, then at least a portion of the intermediate portion of the laminate is rapidly cooled under the pressure.
  • the laminate is subjected to an exhaust treatment, including: moving the mold provided with the laminate up and down at least once to discharge the The gas within the laminate.
  • At least one of the fabric, the unidirectional cloth, and the non-woven fabric is made of at least one of the following materials: basalt Fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, carbon fiber, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene tape.
  • the length direction of the unidirectional cloth is the direction of the maximum strength of the material used for preparing the unidirectional cloth.
  • the method further comprises: compounding a high-mole material layer on at least one side of the high-strength cell plate, preferably the high-mold material layer comprises a ceramic plate Or a metal plate.
  • the method further includes: cutting the through holes on each side of the high-strength cell plate into at least one segment of the through holes.
  • the high-strength cell plate includes an arc-shaped portion at both ends and an intermediate-densified portion; the cutting process includes: the arc-shaped portion And a circular arc transition region between the solid portion is perforated, and a portion of the curved portion is cut straight through the hole.
  • the at least one section of the through holes on both sides of the high-strength unit board are uniformly distributed symmetrically, equally distributed asymmetrically, unevenly distributed symmetrically or unevenly distributed asymmetrically.
  • the method further includes: providing a waterproof jacket or a flame-retardant jacket for the high-strength unit board, or, in the high-strength unit board The surface is coated with a waterproof layer or a flame retardant layer.
  • the high-strength cell plate is a curved plate or a non-arc plate.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a bulletproof and explosion-proof high-strength unit board, and the high-strength unit board comprises: a multi-layer fabric, a unidirectional cloth, a non-woven fabric or a combination thereof, which is hollow-wound and formed by hot pressing. High-strength unit board body.
  • the two ends of the high-strength unit board body are respectively provided with through holes integrally formed with the high-strength unit board body, and the high-strength unit board body
  • the middle part is dense.
  • At least one of the fabric, the unidirectional cloth, and the weft-free cloth is mixed by one or more of the following materials.
  • the length direction of the unidirectional cloth is the direction of the maximum strength of the material used for the preparation of the unidirectional cloth.
  • At least one of the through holes has a support portion therein.
  • At least one of the inner walls of the through holes has a release layer or a release layer.
  • At least one side of the high strength unit plate is compounded with a high modulus material layer, and preferably the high modulus material layer comprises a ceramic plate or a metal plate.
  • the high-strength unit board includes at least one section of through holes on each side.
  • the at least one section of the through holes on both sides of the high-strength unit board are uniformly symmetrically distributed, equally distributed asymmetrically, and unevenly distributed symmetrically. Or not evenly distributed asymmetric distribution.
  • a venting opening is formed under the high-strength unit board.
  • the area of the vent opening is less than 30% of the area of the high strength unit board.
  • the venting opening is semicircular, arched, rectangular, square or trapezoidal in shape.
  • the high-strength unit board is provided with a waterproof jacket or a flame-retardant jacket, or the surface of the high-strength unit board is coated with a waterproof layer or a flame-retardant layer.
  • the high-strength unit board is a curved board or a non-arc-shaped board.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a protective product, which is assembled from a plurality of high-strength unit boards provided by the embodiments of the present application; optionally, detachable assembly.
  • the preparation method of the high-strength unit board is simple and the integrity is good; the protection product prepared based on the high-strength unit board can make full use of the fabric, the unidirectional cloth and/or the non-woven fabric itself. Ultra-high strength to resist the threat of explosion shock waves or bullets, bulletproof and explosion-proof performance is significantly improved.
  • 1a is a schematic structural view of an explosion-proof fence provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 1b is a plan view of Figure 1a provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • 3a is a structural example of a high-strength unit board (non-arc-shaped board) obtained by thermal consolidation in a winding manner according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 3b is a structural example of a high-strength unit plate (arc-shaped plate) obtained by thermal consolidation in a winding manner according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a high-strength cell board according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 5 is a structural example of a high-strength unit board having a uniformly distributed symmetric structure on both sides according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 5b is a schematic representation of a uniform symmetric distribution of FIG. 5a provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • 5c and 5d are respectively an example of the principle of continuous distribution of raw materials whose ends are not cut in Figs. 5a and 5b;
  • FIG. 6 is a structural example of a high-strength unit board having uneven distribution asymmetric structures on both sides according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 7 is a structural example of a high-strength unit board having uneven distribution symmetric structures on both sides according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 8 is a structural example of a high-strength unit board having uneven distribution asymmetric structures on both sides according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 9 is a first example of a high-strength cell board connection with adjacent side concave-convex structures provided in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the concave-convex structures on both sides of each high-strength unit plate are uniformly distributed symmetrically;
  • FIG. 10 is a second example of a high-strength cell board connection with complementary side-convex structures provided by an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the concave-convex structures on both sides of each high-strength unit plate are uniformly distributed asymmetrically;
  • FIG. 11 is a third embodiment of a high-strength cell board connection with adjacent side concave-convex structures provided in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the uneven structures on both sides of each high-strength unit plate are unevenly distributed asymmetrically;
  • 13a is a structural example of a double-layer explosion-proof fence provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 13b is a plan view of Figure 13a provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • 14a-17 are application examples of a high-strength cell board according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 18a to 18b are structural examples of an explosion-proof enclosure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • 19a to 19b are structural examples of a protective barrier provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • 20a-20c are examples of a material-type winding and winding scheme for a raw material according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 21a to 21c are examples of a tubular winding and winding solution of a raw material according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 23a is a structural example of a hot-pressed single-type mold according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 23b is a structural example of a hot press double mold provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • 23c is a structural example of a hot-pressing double-type mold provided with a positioning device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 25 is a cutting example of a high-strength unit board according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 26 is a photograph of a performance test result of a high-strength unit board according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 20a- 23c meaning of each reference numeral: 1-unwinding unit; 2-guide roller; 3-correction support; 4-correction sensor; 5-meter device; 6-plate winding unit; Raw material; 60-auxiliary fixture; 61-baffle; 62-drive shaft; 63-support rod; 64-sleeve; 65-fixing nut; 8-tube reel unit; 80-assisted winding device; Curved plate; 82-lower curved plate; 83-connecting block; 9-meter metering device; 10-tracking winding unit; 11-pressing roller, a3-guide column; b3-positioning groove; c3-positioning block.
  • This high-strength unit board can be assembled into different bulletproof and explosion-proof products according to the actual application scenarios, such as security and battlefield, to dispose of large TNT equivalent explosives.
  • This bulletproof and explosion-proof product has flexible structure, convenient use and artificial realization. Quick assembly and disassembly, and can meet the requirements of standard bullet protection.
  • the bulletproof explosion-proof high-strength unit plate is obtained by hollow winding and thermocompression bonding of a combination of one or more of a multi-layer fabric, a unidirectional cloth, and a non-woven fabric, such as a multilayer fabric, or A multi-layer unidirectional cloth, or a multi-layer non-woven fabric, or two or three of a woven fabric, a unidirectional cloth or a non-woven fabric are wound and heat-kneaded according to a certain proportion of the hybrid to obtain a high-strength unit plate.
  • the prepared high-strength unit board meets certain explosion-proof grades and has good explosion-proof performance.
  • multiple high-strength unit boards can be transported to the proposed explosion site, and multiple high-strength unit boards can be detachably connected to each shape in a field.
  • the shape may include, but is not limited to, a closed shape or a non-closed shape having an insulating effect.
  • Hybrid includes two layers of meaning: 1. At least two of the unidirectional cloth, the non-woven fabric and the fabric are hot pressed by forming a laminate according to the winding method; 2. The two fibers are made between two or more kinds of fibers. The above three forms of the product were mixed and then mixed to form a laminate for hot pressing.
  • At least one of the woven fabric, the unidirectional cloth, and the laid fabric is composed of at least one of the following materials (hereinafter may be referred to as "high performance fiber/tape" Manufactured: basalt fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, carbon fiber, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene tape; the ultra high molecular weight polyethylene tape may include but is not limited to ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Film or ultra high molecular weight polyethylene tape.
  • These materials are lightweight materials with excellent properties in terms of strength and modulus. High-strength unit plates made of one or more of these materials are used for high strength, improved explosion-proof performance, and light weight for easy transportation. And assembly.
  • the hybrid includes inter-layer mixing and intra-layer mixing; inter-layer mixing, for example, winding a fiber/strip first, and then winding one or more fibers/tapes, but the fiber/tape type between each layer is Single-layer; inter-layer hybrid, for example, woven with two or more fibers/tapes, such as a hybrid fiber non-woven fabric prepared by using ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers and aramid fibers, and then A high-strength unit plate is prepared from a non-woven fabric of hybrid fibers; preferably an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber or an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene tape (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene film or strip) is used as an inner layer, and an aramid fiber is used as an outer layer.
  • inter-layer mixing for example, winding a fiber/strip first, and then winding one or more fibers/tapes, but the fiber/tape type between each layer is Single-layer
  • inter-layer hybrid for example,
  • the fabric may be woven from one or more of the above materials on a weaving machine or a warp knitting machine, and the woven fabric may be determined according to actual needs, for example, the structure of the fabric.
  • Forms may include, but are not limited to, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, three-dimensional fabrics, or warp-knitted fabrics, thereby making full use of the characteristics of fabrics of different structural forms to produce high strength unit panels that meet different explosion protection requirements.
  • the unidirectional cloth comprises a unidirectional single layer cloth or a unidirectional multilayer cloth, and the unidirectional cloth may be formed by the process of dipping or coating the one or more high performance fibers/ribbons.
  • the unidirectional cloth has a large strength, and its longitudinal direction is the direction of the maximum strength of the material used for the preparation of the unidirectional cloth.
  • the molecular chain of the high-performance fiber/tape is oriented in the direction in which the strength is the greatest. This direction can be used as the length direction of the unidirectional cloth, thereby ensuring that the unidirectional cloth has high strength.
  • the non-woven fabric is formed by laminating a plurality of the unidirectional cloths at an angle, wherein at least two adjacent unidirectional cloths intersect at an angle of 0-180 degrees.
  • the unidirectional cloth comprises a unidirectional single layer cloth or a unidirectional multilayer cloth.
  • a two-, three-, four-, or multi-layer non-woven fabric having an angular change of 0°/90° may be formed in accordance with a cross process. Since there is no interlacing point between the layers of the weft-free fabric, the unidirectional arrangement can maximize the strength of the high-performance fiber/tape itself and rapidly spread the energy through the high-performance fiber/tape along its molecular chain. Therefore, it can better resist the threat of bullets, fragments, explosion shock waves and the like.
  • the high-mold material layer can also be composited on at least one side of the high-strength cell plate, thereby increasing the defense level of the plate.
  • a layer of high modulus material may be composited on one or both sides of a high strength cell plate, which may be an integral layer, or may be spliced into a layer of high modulus material by a plurality of small layers.
  • Materials used for the high modulus material layer may include, but are not limited to, high strength ceramic sheets and/or metal sheets and/or other high hardness materials.
  • Composite means may include, but are not limited to, gluing.
  • the high-mole material layer of at least one side of the high-strength unit plate compounded with the high-mold material layer may be in the direction of a bullet, a fragment, an explosion shock wave, or the like.
  • the scheme improves the bulletproof level of the high-strength unit board: on the one hand, it can make full use of the high-model property of the high-mold material layer, and touch the energy of the high-mold material layer (such as the high-speed impulse of the bullet).
  • the hardness of the high-mold material layer can even deform or passivate or bend the bullet to weaken the energy entering the high-strength cell plate; on the other hand, the high-strength cell plate material can be fully utilized.
  • the performance (such as high fracture performance) fully absorbs the energy entering the high-strength cell board, thereby achieving an effective defense against attack.
  • the high-strength unit board includes a high-strength unit plate body 11 which is hollow-wound and hot-pressed by a multi-layer fabric, a unidirectional cloth, a non-woven fabric or a combination thereof; Further, two sides of the high-strength unit board body 11 are respectively provided with through holes 12 integrally formed with the high-strength unit board body.
  • a method for preparing a bulletproof explosion-proof high-strength unit board includes:
  • S101 Hollow winding a fabric, a unidirectional cloth, a laid fabric, or a combination thereof to form a laminate.
  • One or at least two of the woven fabric, the unidirectional cloth and the non-woven fabric may be wound on a tooling into a tubular structure having a cross-section like a racetrack, that is, a laminate is formed, or
  • the ring is wound into a ring shape on the tooling, and the ring shape removed from the tooling is deformed into a cylindrical structure having a cross-sectional shape like a racetrack, and the like.
  • the number of windings can be determined according to the explosion-proof grade or use of the high-strength unit board.
  • the laminate may be removed from the tooling, or the subsequent process may be carried out without taking it off, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • FIG. 2 is a structural example of a high-strength cell plate obtained by thermal consolidation in a stacked manner in the prior art.
  • the temperature of the hot pressing may range from 60 to 200 ° C
  • the pressure of the hot pressing may range from 1 to 40 MPa, because the temperature and/or pressure range is used for hot pressing and consolidation, and the performance loss of the material is small.
  • the obtained high-strength unit board has good performance.
  • the support portion may include but not limited to a steel pipe
  • the support portion provides support to heat-press at least a part of the intermediate portion of the laminate together to A laminate having a dumbbell-like structure is formed.
  • the intermediate parallel portions of the cross-section-like racetrack-like laminate may be hot pressed together under certain conditions of temperature and pressure. During the hot pressing, the ends of the laminate are tightened due to the support provided by the support portion. A hard through hole is formed under the action of the force, and the hot pressed laminate has a dumbbell structure.
  • a mold similar to a dumbbell structure (both ends are raised relative to the intermediate portion) may be used, and the laminate has a dumbbell structure after hot pressing, that is, the middle portion of the laminate after hot pressing is dense. And through holes are formed at both ends.
  • the laminate and the support portion may be separated (eg, the steel pipe is separated from the through hole of the laminate, etc.), so that the middle portion is flat and compact.
  • the two ends are respectively formed with a whole structure of through holes (ie, having a dumbbell-like structure).
  • the laminate and the support portion may not be separated, that is, the support portion is left at both ends of the laminate, which is equivalent to a dumbbell-like laminate.
  • a support portion is reserved in each of the through holes of the two ends of the object.
  • the function of the supporting portion is to assist in forming the through holes at both ends in the preparation process of the high-strength unit board, and on the other hand, the support portion is reserved in the through holes at both ends of the prepared high-strength unit board, so as to be followed by a plurality of high-strength units.
  • the detachable assembly between the unit plates provides great convenience, reducing the friction between the connectors (such as high-strength rods) and the material in the through-holes of the high-strength unit boards, making assembly easier and faster.
  • the support portion may be pre-formed with a release layer or a release layer
  • the release layer or the isolation layer may include, but is not limited to, a carbon tube, a steel tube, or other material tube.
  • the release layer or the separation layer is separated from the support portion together with the laminate, that is, a pre-formed release layer or isolation on the support portion after separation The layer remains in both ends of the laminate, which is equivalent to leaving a release layer or a separation layer in the through holes at both ends of the dumbbell-like laminate.
  • the function of the release layer or the separation layer is to prevent the material from sticking to the support portion during the preparation process of the high-strength unit plate, thereby realizing the rapid separation of the laminate and the support portion after the hot pressing, and on the other hand, by preparing The release layer or the isolation layer is reserved in the through holes of the completed high-strength unit board, which provides great convenience for the detachable assembly between the plurality of high-strength unit boards, and reduces the connecting parts (such as high-strength rods). Etc.) The friction with the material in the through hole of the high-strength unit plate makes the assembly more convenient and quick.
  • the high-strength unit plate prepared by the above scheme is formed by hollow winding hot pressing of the material, so the integrity is good, and the performance of the material can be fully utilized, for example, the fabric, the unidirectional cloth and/or the non-woven fabric itself can be more fully utilized. Ultra-high strength to resist the threat of explosion shock waves, the explosion-proof performance is significantly improved.
  • the through holes are formed at both ends of the high-strength unit board, after the portions of the through holes are appropriately cut, the connectors are inserted into the through holes of the two high-strength unit boards to complete the assembly.
  • the high-strength unit board prepared by the scheme is very convenient to assemble, and the high-strength unit board can be flexibly assembled into different bulletproof and explosion-proof protection products according to the battlefield situation.
  • These protective products are flexible in structure, convenient to use, and can be manually and quickly loaded. Demolition, and can meet the requirements of standard bullet protection.
  • the metal connectors such as hinges used for connecting different parts are required to have very high strength, so it is often necessary to use a hinge having a very large weight.
  • the high-strength unit board prepared by the solution of the present invention can be easily and flexibly assembled due to proper cutting of the through-hole portions at both ends, without adding between two high-strength unit boards.
  • Metal connectors such as hinges not only reduce weight, but more importantly, since the joint between the high-strength unit plates and the high-strength unit plate body are at least partially not cut, the material properties of the high-strength unit plate body are retained, thereby The material properties (such as high shear strength) can be fully utilized to improve the protection level of the protective products, especially the joints of the two high-strength unit boards in the protective product.
  • the high-strength unit board of the present invention ensures the integrity of the unit board on the one hand by hollow winding of the material, and on the other hand, the through hole is formed at both ends, which not only makes the unit board easy to use, but also makes the unit board bulletproof and explosion-proof. The role is maximized.
  • the embodiment of the present application is very flexible in winding a raw material such as a woven fabric, a unidirectional cloth, and/or a weft-free cloth in the process of preparing a high-strength unit board.
  • a raw material such as a woven fabric, a unidirectional cloth, and/or a weft-free cloth
  • the required performance of the unit board can be determined according to the specific use of the high-strength unit board to determine the degree of winding. For example, if you need a unit board with a high bulletproof rating, you need to wrap it thicker. For example, for high-strength unit boards that are resistant to 2KG TNT equivalent ammunition, 200-300 layers are wound.
  • a sheet winding method may be used to fold and wind a raw material such as a woven fabric, a unidirectional cloth, and/or a laid fabric.
  • the device comprises: unwinding unit 1, guide roller 2, correcting support 3, correcting sensor 4, metering device 5, plate winding unit 6 and The raw material 7, wherein the plate winding unit 6 includes an auxiliary jig 60 including side baffles 61, a drive shaft 62, side support bars 63, a sleeve 64 and a fixing nut 65, as shown in Fig. 20b.
  • the raw material is first passed through the unwinding unit 1 and is fixed to the sleeve 64 on the side of the auxiliary fixture 60 of the plate winding unit 6 via the guide roller 2 and the correction sensor 4; during the winding process, the unwinding unit 1
  • the constant tension brake will be maintained, and the winding torque of the plate type winding unit 6 can be adjusted, and the number of layers is accumulated by the metering device 5, and the raw material edge swing is detected by the correcting sensor 4 during the winding process, and the correcting support is controlled.
  • 3 is adjusted to the left and right, so that the edge-wrapped plate-type winding package is obtained.
  • the winding unit 6 stops working, the auxiliary fixture 60 is removed, and the baffle 61 on both sides of the fixing nut 65 is removed.
  • the drive shaft 62 and the support rod 63 are withdrawn, and the sleeve 64 (i.e., the support portion remaining in both ends of the high-strength unit plate) is retained in both ends of the plate package as shown in Fig. 20c.
  • the plate folding and winding winding method is easy to operate and has high work efficiency.
  • a raw material such as a woven fabric, a unidirectional cloth, and/or a laid fabric can be wound and wound by a drum winding method, and a tubular package having a uniform tension can be obtained.
  • the drum winding and winding device shown in Fig. 21a can be used for winding, the device is different from the plate winding device.
  • the apparatus comprises a drum winding unit 8, which is based on the winding and unwinding of the raw material by the drum winding unit 8, and the auxiliary winding device 80 of the drum winding unit 8, as shown in Fig. 21b, the auxiliary winding device
  • the 80 includes an auxiliary jig 60, an upper curved plate 81, a lower curved plate 82, and a connecting block 83.
  • the auxiliary jig 60 is in an integrated state with the upper curved plate 81, the lower curved plate 82, and the connecting block 83.
  • the highest point of the outer circumference of the sleeve 64 in the auxiliary jig 60 coincides with the outer circle of the curved plate forming the cylindrical cylinder, and the film will adhere to the sleeve 64 during the winding process, as shown in Fig. 21c.
  • the barrel winding work process is similar to the plate winding, except that the drum winding device includes the metering device 9, and when the set number of meters is accumulated, the drum winding unit 8 stops working, and the auxiliary winding device is disassembled.
  • the connecting block 83 of 80 removes the upper curved plate 81 and the lower curved plate 82 and the attachments of the auxiliary jig 60 to obtain a tubular film sheet as shown in Fig. 21c. Further, the sleeve 64 remaining in the tubular film sheet can be translated to the left and right, and the film is loosened as much as possible, thereby obtaining a tubular package having a dumbbell-like structure as shown in Fig. 20c. .
  • the barrel winding unit can control the winding tension stably and obtain a good package because of the center winding type winding method.
  • a crawler-type winding method can be used to wind and wind a raw material such as a woven fabric, a unidirectional cloth, and/or a non-woven fabric, and the reel can be wound by using a crawler-type winding and winding device as shown in FIG.
  • the difference from the plate type or the barrel winding device is that the crawler type winding method removes the air between the raw materials of the different layers wound by the pressure roller 11, and the roller can be used but not limited to the heat roller for obtaining a better molding effect. form.
  • the crawler-type winding can provide a certain pressure at the position where the pressure roller is fixed, and the winding form of the package is shaped. As shown in the figure, by adjusting the gap between the two pairs of pressure rollers, the dumbbell-like raw material package can be directly obtained. The form, for the subsequent operation, better retains the internal winding tension of the raw material, which is favorable for hot press forming.
  • the hot pressing has a temperature in the range of 60 to 200 ° C, and the hot pressing has a pressure in the range of 1 to 40 MPa.
  • the hot pressing process can be determined according to actual needs, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • An alternative implementation, for example, is to place a dumbbell-like package (as shown in Figure 20c) into a mold and press-form it in stages. Preheating pre-pressing stage: heating to 60-120 ° C, giving 1-10MPa pressure, pre-heating the laminate in the mold, the time can be freely selected between 1-20min.
  • the mold moves up and down, exhausting 1-10 times, the purpose is to discharge the gas in the laminate, so that the laminate is more compact; hot pressing stage: heating up to 120-160 ° C When the pressure rises to 10-40MPa pressure, and maintains a constant temperature and constant pressure for 20-60min; cooling stage: keep the pressure in the hot pressing stage unchanged, and quickly cool the mold, and then remove the temperature when the temperature drops below 40 °C.
  • the preparation process has high production efficiency, and the obtained unit plate has the advantages of light weight, high strength, good compactness, excellent anti-ballistic and explosion-proof effect, and can meet various anti-ballistic and explosion-proof requirements of the military and service personnel.
  • a dumbbell-like mold can be used for hot pressing.
  • the mold may adopt a single-type mold structure, and the cavity cross-sectional structure formed by the upper and lower two-layer molds a1 and b1 and the high-strength unit plate formed by the hot press forming thereof are as shown in FIG. 23a.
  • the production efficiency can be improved by making a double-type or multi-type mold.
  • An example of the structure of the optional double-type mold is shown in Fig. 23b, and two cavities are respectively formed by the three-layer molds a2, b2 and c2, based on the double
  • the hot pressing of the mold can complete the hot pressing of two packages at one time, which improves the production efficiency.
  • the sleeve 64 reserved in the two ends of the package as shown in Fig. 20c may be made of a thin, high-strength and temperature-resistant material to ensure the package hot pressing. The formation of the two ends in the process.
  • a positioning device can be provided in the double-type mold, and a sectional view and a perspective view of the double-type mold provided with the positioning device are shown in Fig. 23c, since the upper plate and the lower plate are respectively fixed. In the frame and the base, it can be used as the positioning reference of the middle plate.
  • the specific method is to process the positioning boss (also called the positioning block) of a certain height on the opposite sides of the upper and lower plates corresponding to the forming surface of the middle plate, and at both sides of the middle plate.
  • the guide hole is processed. Since the bottom plate mold is in a fixed form, the upper plate and the middle plate can be first connected through the guide holes by four guide columns. When the hot press forming, the upper plate and the middle plate are slowly moved toward the bottom plate, and the guide column will enter the bottom plate guide. Hole, the upper and lower molds will be positioned through the four guide shafts when the mold is closed.
  • the high-strength unit board may be a non-arc type board, an optional example is shown in FIG. 3a, the high-strength unit board is a rectangular or rectangular-like board, etc.; or, the high-strength unit board is a
  • the curved plate an optional example is shown in Figure 3b, the arc of the curved plate can be determined according to actual needs.
  • At least two adjacent high-strength unit boards of the plurality of high-strength unit boards are connected with the following strengths satisfying predetermined requirements, such as a profiled part and/or Or the detachable connection of the plunger. That is to say, in practical applications, the matching connecting pieces can be selected according to the characteristics of the parts for connecting on both sides of the high-strength unit board, and the plurality of high-strength unit boards are connected two or two as explosion-proof or bulletproof protection products such as explosion-proof fences, thereby improving Explosion-proof performance of protective products.
  • the strength of the connecting member can be determined according to actual needs.
  • a high-strength connecting piece such as a high-strength shaped piece or a high-strength rod and a high-strength can be selected.
  • the joints on both sides of the unit board are used for the connection.
  • the parts of the high-strength unit board for connecting the two sides of the high-strength unit board may be determined according to the actual needs.
  • the structures of the parts for connecting the two sides of the high-strength unit board may be the same or different, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • the two sides of the high-strength unit board for connecting may be a concave-convex structure, that is, at least one of the plurality of high-strength unit boards is formed with a concave-convex structure on both sides.
  • the two sides of the high-strength unit plate may be formed into a concave-convex structure by cutting or the like, and the cutting manner may include, but is not limited to, a uniform symmetric cutting, an equalizing asymmetric cutting, a non-uniform symmetric cutting, and a non-uniform asymmetric Cutting, so that the concave-convex structures respectively formed on both sides of the high-strength unit plate are uniformly distributed symmetrically, equally distributed asymmetrically, unevenly distributed symmetrically or unevenly distributed asymmetrically;
  • the symmetrical cutting method cuts both sides of the high-strength unit plate, so that the two sides of the high-strength unit plate form a uniformly distributed symmetrical structure, and the high-strength unit plate having the structure expands outward when subjected to an explosion shock wave.
  • the expansion force is basically the same, so it has better explosion-proof performance.
  • the cutting on both sides of the high strength unit plate can be performed by a
  • a high-strength unit board having the structure shown in FIG. 3a or the like may be used, and the through holes on each side of the high-strength unit board are respectively cut into at least one through-hole by different cutting methods, so that the respective sides of the high-strength unit board are respectively At least one of the through holes is symmetrically distributed, equally distributed asymmetrically, unevenly symmetrically distributed, or unevenly distributed asymmetrically.
  • the high-strength unit plate having a through hole may be equally symmetrically cut, such that the through holes on both sides of the high-strength unit plate are respectively cut into a plurality of through holes, such as The three-section through hole shown in FIG. 5a or the two-stage through hole shown in FIG. 5b, the length of each through hole and the length of the cut through hole are the same (that is, the length of the convex portion and the length of the concave portion are the same) And the plurality of through holes formed by cutting on both sides of each high-strength unit plate are symmetrically distributed.
  • the explosion-proof fence assembled by the high-strength unit plate based on the unevenly distributed uneven structure has more Good explosion-proof performance.
  • a portion of the high-strength unit board having at least a through-hole formed thereon may be equally asymmetrically cut, such that the through-holes on both sides of the high-strength unit board are respectively cut into a plurality of through-holes, as shown in FIG. Two-section through-hole, the length of each section of the through-hole and the length of the cut-out through-hole are not the same (for example, the length of each convex part is the same, but the length of the convex part is different from the length of the concave part), and each high-strength unit board
  • the plurality of through holes formed by cutting on both sides are asymmetrically distributed.
  • the portion of the high-strength unit board on which the through holes are formed may be unevenly symmetrically cut, so that the through holes on both sides of the high-strength unit board are respectively cut into a plurality of through holes, as shown in FIG. 7 .
  • Three-section through-hole, the length of each section of the through-hole and the length of the cut-out through-hole are not the same (for example, the length of each convex part is the same, but the length of the convex part is different from the length of the concave part), and each high-strength unit board
  • the plurality of through holes formed by cutting on both sides are symmetrically distributed.
  • a non-uniform asymmetric cutting can be performed on at least a portion of the high-strength unit plate on which the through holes are formed, so that the through holes on both sides of the high-strength unit plate are respectively cut into a plurality of through holes, as shown in FIG.
  • the plurality of through holes, the length of each of the through holes and the length of the cut through holes are different (for example, the lengths of the convex portions or the concave portions are not completely the same, and the length of the convex portion and the length of the concave portion are not completely The same), and the plurality of through holes formed by cutting on both sides of each high-strength unit plate are asymmetrically distributed.
  • the high-strength unit plate provided by the embodiment of the present application is an integral part of the raw material integrally formed, and the cutting method shown in FIG. 5a, FIG. 5b and FIG. 7 can be used to retain the fracture of the high-strength unit plate raw material as much as possible at both ends of the high-strength unit plate.
  • the strength, that is to say, at least a part of the raw materials of both ends of the high-strength unit plate are not cut, and the principle of the continuous distribution of the uncut raw materials can be seen as shown in Figs. 5c and 5d, and the end portion is not cut.
  • the part and the middle part of the high-strength unit board have a high breaking strength of the raw material, so that the material characteristics can be fully utilized to improve the explosion-proof grade, because the same is true in the high-strength unit board.
  • the material of the horizontal plane is not cut and the hoop direction is continuous.
  • the two high-strength unit boards are detachably assembled into protective products.
  • the ends are the joints of different high-strength unit boards, and it is also the easiest part to explode or damage in explosion-proof applications, and the high strength after cutting with this scheme
  • the breaking strength of the uncut raw materials can be fully utilized between different high-strength unit boards, thereby effectively improving the explosion-proof grade.
  • At least two adjacent high-strength unit boards of the plurality of high-strength unit boards may be detachably connected by using a high-strength metal plug, specifically, at least two of the plurality of high-strength unit boards.
  • the concave and convex structures formed by the adjacent sides of the adjacent high-strength unit plates are complementary, and the concave-convex structure is a through hole through which the adjacent sides of the adjacent sides of the two adjacent high-strength unit plates are sequentially inserted.
  • a plurality of protruding through holes may be formed on both sides of the high-strength unit board by using any cutting manner as shown in FIG. 5a to FIG. 8, and the concave-convex structures on the adjacent sides of the two high-strength unit boards are complementarily aligned (a high-strength unit).
  • the convex portion of the plate corresponds to the concave portion of the other high-strength unit plate), so that the concave-convex structures on the adjacent sides of the two high-strength unit plates are complementarily formed to form a whole, as shown in FIG. 9-11, the high-strength metal plunger 21 is sequentially used.
  • the through holes 12 of the adjacent sides of the two high-strength unit boards are passed through to detachably connect the two high-strength unit boards into one body; after the insertion of the rods 21, the rods can be fixed by screws and the like.
  • the protection products formed by the scheme have good integrity, and the adjacent high-strength unit board joints can fully utilize the strength of the materials (such as fabric, unidirectional cloth and/or non-woven fabric), reduce the use of the connecting parts, and resist the explosion shock wave. The effect is remarkable, easy to disassemble and transport, plug and play.
  • At least two adjacent high-strength unit boards of the plurality of high-strength unit boards may be detachably connected by using a high-strength metal rod and a special-shaped piece, in particular, the plurality of high-strength unit boards
  • the concave-convex structures formed by the adjacent sides of at least two adjacent high-strength cell plates are aligned, the concave-convex structure is a through-hole, and the two high-strength units are The adjacent sides of the plates are respectively passed through the through holes of the side through the connecting member, and the plugs on both sides are connected by the profiled members.
  • a plurality of protruding through holes may be formed on both sides of the high-strength unit board by using any cutting manner as shown in FIG. 5a to FIG. 8 to align the concave and convex structures on the adjacent sides of the two high-strength unit boards (a high-strength unit board)
  • the convex portion corresponds to the convex portion of the other high-strength unit board
  • the concave portion of one high-strength unit board corresponds to the concave portion of the other high-strength unit board
  • the adjacent side of the two high-strength unit boards respectively passes through the high-strength metal rod 21
  • Each of the through holes 12 on the side is sequentially passed through, and then the plungers on both sides are connected via the profiled member 22, as shown in FIG.
  • the explosion-proof products formed by the scheme have good integrity, and the cutting process requirements for each high-strength unit board are low, and the effect of resisting the explosion shock wave is
  • the high-strength unit plate includes a curved portion at both ends and a laminate of the intermediate dense portion (i.e., where a circular arc transition exists), and the plate having such a structure is cut if conventional Cutting by the pitch cutting method causes the fibers in the laminate to tear, and the ribbon formed by the tearing of the fibers wraps around the cutter, affecting the processing efficiency and even damaging the cutter.
  • the cutting process can be improved, for example, the cutting process of the plate is divided into two steps: (1) positioning the center of the circle at the arc transition position, and then performing the punching process, as shown in the alternative example shown in FIG.
  • the 13 straight lines shown by the dashed lines are processed one by one by a straight saw or a circular saw, and the edges formed at the slits are polished to obtain High-strength unit board after cutting.
  • the material of the high-strength unit board is fiber
  • the twist drill and the toothed tool for punching may tear the fiber
  • the ribbon formed by the tear of the fiber may damage the tool, and therefore, the punching process is required.
  • the optional structure of the tool is shown in Figure 24, which is made of alloy with strength and toughness.
  • the knife edge is thin and open. There is chamfering, and the chip side wall has a chip evacuation hole. This increases the machining efficiency and reduces the probability of damage to the tool and the high-strength unit board.
  • At least one of the plurality of high-strength unit boards has a jacket
  • the jacket may include but is not limited to a waterproof jacket or a flame-retardant jacket, thereby avoiding the high-strength unit board Damage, pollution, etc. during transportation, handling, etc., to ensure the explosion-proof performance of high-strength unit boards.
  • a surface of at least one of the plurality of high-strength unit boards may be coated with a specific material layer, for example, the surface of the high-strength unit board may be coated with, but not limited to, a waterproof layer or a flame-retardant layer, etc.
  • the coating can also It also has a absorbing effect.
  • thermoplastic elastomer materials such as polyurethane and polyurea can improve the bulletproof grade of the board in addition to waterproof or flame retardant properties.
  • At least one of the upper and lower ends of the high-strength unit board is provided with a venting opening. Setting a vent on the high-strength unit increases the bullet-proof rating and reduces weight. If the unexploded or explosive TNT equivalent is less than 1000g, the high-strength plate unit may not have a venting opening. When assembling a protective product such as an explosion-proof fence, the high-strength unit plate can even be used in reverse, that is, the venting port is used upwards, which can be the largest. Limit the splash of debris.
  • the explosion may be opened, and according to the size calculation of the explosive shock wave and the protective product (such as a fence), the bottom of the high-strength unit board is opened. It is more suitable to 1/5, that is, a venting opening is provided at the bottom end of the high-strength unit plate at 0-1/2; an explosion-proof fence assembled by a high-strength unit plate with a venting opening of 0-1/2 at the bottom end;
  • the protective products can effectively prevent the spatter from splashing and effectively prevent the reflection of the explosion shock wave inside the protective products such as the fence, thereby improving the explosion-proof grade.
  • explosion-proof grade of protection products such as explosion-proof fences assembled by high-strength unit boards with venting ports at the bottom end of 0-1-5 has a significant improvement.
  • whether to open a venting port on a high-strength unit can be flexibly determined according to the type and use scenario of the specific protective product.
  • an explosion-proof fence can be used as an example. Explosion-proof fences can be divided into police and civilian. The police environment is generally located in airports, stations, terminals, shopping malls, hospitals, playgrounds and other places where personnel are densely populated. It must be ensured that no explosions or explosives will not hurt when they explode.
  • the level of unexploded or explosives facing the police is generally low, basically ranging from tens of grams to several hundred grams of TNT equivalent. At this time, it is not necessary to open the vent or use the vent to face upwards. Prevent debris from splashing and injuring people.
  • the military environment is completely different and is generally used at military airports, especially near the runway. In order not to affect the normal takeoff of combat aircraft, the unexploded ordnance must be isolated or detonated.
  • the level of unexploded ordnance facing a military airport is generally high, and the maximum can be a few kilograms of TNT equivalent. When it is isolated or detonated, the personnel can evacuate to a safe distance for remote detonation. In this case, a high-strength unit with a venting opening can be used.
  • the venting port is assembled downwards into an explosion-proof fence to avoid explosion-proof fences and improve explosion-proof grade.
  • the high-strength unit board provided by the embodiment of the present application can be divided into a high-strength unit board with a vent opening and a high-strength unit board without a venting opening, from the perspective of whether or not the venting opening is provided.
  • the cutting method and the like may be the same or different.
  • venting opening is not necessary, and the disposal is small (such as 60-1000g, the range is only an illustrative description, the specific range can be rooted According to the actual application, when the TNT equivalent explosives and bullets are threatened, there is no need to have a venting port, because the high-strength unit board provided by the embodiment of the present application is sufficient to resist the shock wave and bullet penetration caused by the explosion, such as a bulletproof wall, Bulletproof roofs, bullet-proof containers, etc., there is no need to open the vent, and even opening the vents will affect the ballistic performance and reduce the effective protection area.
  • venting port can eliminate the resonance generated by the shock wave inside the fence during detonation, thereby improving the anti-explosion level of the protective fence, otherwise the shock wave superposition will break the fence.
  • At least one of the high-strength unit boards is provided with a venting opening 14 below, and an example of the structure of the high-strength unit board having the venting opening 14 is shown in FIG. 5a.
  • FIG. 5a an example of an explosion-proof fence assembled based on the high-strength unit plate of the lower vent 14 is shown in Figs. 1a and 13a, wherein the high-strength unit plate in Fig. 1a is a curved high-strength unit plate, and the high-strength unit in Fig. 13a
  • the unit board is a non-arc high strength unit board.
  • dangerous goods and explosives are located in the protective products (such as in the center of the explosion-proof fence).
  • the shock wave formed by the explosion of dangerous goods and explosives is partially released upward, and the other part reciprocates in the protective product.
  • the protective product may be blown up, thereby threatening the safety of life and property; and the protective product assembled by using at least one high-strength unit plate with a venting opening below is not up.
  • At least part of the shock wave released can be discharged in time through the venting port below, to some extent alleviate the impact of the shock wave on the protective product, reduce the probability of the protective product being blown off, and improve the explosion-proof level and safety.
  • a plurality of high-strength unit plates each having a venting opening may be connected to form a tubular structure protection product, so as to facilitate timely discharge of part of the shock wave through the venting ports to improve the overall explosion-proof of the protective product.
  • Level and security The area of the venting opening may be determined according to the requirements of the venting. For example, the area of the venting opening is less than 30% of the area of the high-strength unit board where the venting opening is located, and the scheme is in the venting area and the high-strength unit board.
  • the optimized area of explosion-proof area is optimized to maximize the overall explosion-proof performance of the protection product.
  • the shape of the venting opening can also be determined according to actual needs.
  • the shape of the venting opening can include, but is not limited to, a semicircular shape, an arch shape, a rectangular shape, a square shape, or a trapezoidal shape, and the implementation is very flexible.
  • the high-strength unit board provided according to the embodiment of the present application is detachably assembled to form different Types of protection products are widely used, and their applications are divided into zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional according to dimensions.
  • Zero-dimensional application refers to the use of high-strength unit plates to form a regular polygon.
  • the optional examples are shown in Figures 14a, 14b and 14c, which can be used for explosion-proof fences, shelters, combat spaces, etc.
  • One-dimensional means that high-strength unit boards are connected into a line.
  • the optional examples are shown in Figure 15a, Figure 15b and Figure 15c. They can be used as combat barriers, war barriers, etc.
  • Two-dimensional is to expand the high-strength unit board to form a surface.
  • the optional examples are shown in Figure 16a, Figure 16b and Figure 16c. It can be used for isolation walls, bulletproof roofs, VIP channels, etc.
  • Three-dimensional is to connect high-strength unit boards into space to form a three-dimensional shape.
  • An optional example is shown in Figure 17.
  • an explosion-proof door or window can be left on one or more sides, and can be used for multi-functional bulletproof and explosion-proof containers, mobile shelters, guard booths, observation towers, watch towers, warplane hangars, armored garages, and the like. Except for the explosion-proof fence, the above-mentioned explosion-proof ports are not used for venting.
  • At least two adjacent high-strength unit boards of the plurality of high-strength unit boards are detachably connected, and any one of the two adjacent high-strength unit boards may be detachable according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • connection of the connection mode the optional structure of the high-strength unit board, and the detachable connection method, refer to the descriptions of other parts of the embodiment of the present application, and details are not described herein again.
  • the protection product obtained by the solution has the advantages of simple operation, detachability, convenient transportation and assembly, good explosion-proof performance, and the like; in addition, the explosion-proof range, the dangerous goods or the explosive size are different in different situations, and the embodiment of the present application is adopted.
  • high-strength unit boards choose the right number of high-strength unit boards and flexibly assemble them into protective products that meet the requirements of actual explosion-proof requirements in different situations. Even for dangerous goods or explosives that are not easy to move, you can also put multiple pieces around the dangerous goods or explosives.
  • the high-strength unit boards are connected in a tubular shape to form a protective product such as an explosion-proof fence for safety protection. Therefore, the protection products provided by the embodiments of the present application are widely used, and can meet diverse practical explosion-proof application requirements. In practical applications, the high-strength unit boards provided according to the embodiments of the present application can be assembled into protective products that meet different needs according to different protection requirements.
  • the following examples are given for illustration, but the following examples are merely illustrative.
  • the explosion-proof fence is obtained by detachably connecting a plurality of high-strength unit boards 1 into a cylindrical shape.
  • dangerous goods or explosives can be placed in the explosion-proof enclosure (such as in the center of the explosion-proof fence), so that when dangerous goods or explosives explode, the explosion-proof fence can effectively resist the explosion shock wave, reduce or even avoid dangerous goods. Or damage caused by explosives explosion to places, facilities, personnel, etc. around the explosion site.
  • the explosion-proof fence provided by the application has the advantages of simple operation, detachability, convenient transportation and assembly, good explosion-proof performance, and the like; in addition, since the explosion-proof range, the dangerous goods or the explosive size are different in different situations, the embodiment of the present application is adopted. Select the appropriate number of high-strength unit boards to be flexibly assembled into an explosion-proof fence that meets the requirements of actual explosion-proof requirements under different circumstances. Even for dangerous goods or explosives that are not easy to move, multiple high-strength unit boards can be placed around the dangerous goods or explosives. The two connections are cylindrical to form an explosion-proof fence for safety protection.
  • the high strength unit plate of the embodiment of the present application can be detachably assembled to form a protective partition wall.
  • the high-strength unit board is made of a certain raw material, and the through holes on both sides of the unit board are cut according to a uniform asymmetric manner (other ways).
  • the pin holes of each of the upper and lower left and right high-strength unit plates are concave-convex fit, and are connected by connecting pins.
  • the connecting nuts between the upper and lower two rows of high-strength unit plates are tightened to form a connecting pin, and the two rows of high-strength unit plates are formed into one whole, and when placed, It is stable at a certain angle and is serrated, as shown in Figures 19a and 19b.
  • the protective barrier can protect against detonation waves generated after the explosive is detonated.
  • the shock wave of 150Kg explosives and the shock wave and fragmentation of the 250Kg bomb against 250m outside can be defended from 150m outside, and the broken frame will not be destroyed.
  • the inside person will not be harmed, and the device can be assembled and disassembled quickly, which is reliable and convenient.
  • the high-strength unit boards can be used to construct various fortifications through certain connection methods to protect the safety of personnel, vehicles and equipment within the fortifications, such as Protection of tanks, protection of medical facilities, protection of stationed personnel and combatants, protection of vehicles, protection of aircraft and protection of other infrastructure. Products such as fighter hangars, armored vehicles and other chariot garages, watchtowers, etc.
  • the current containers are constructed of steel structures, and the containers connected by high-strength unit boards can greatly improve their bulletproof and explosion-proof performance, and can meet the transportation and safety requirements of important items.
  • High-strength unit sheet size 720mm high, 716mm wide, 22-24mm thick, and the inner diameter of the through hole is ⁇ 24mm.
  • the 10 high-strength unit boards are detachably assembled into a regular decagon-shaped explosion-proof fence, and the bomb is located at the center of the decagon.
  • the performance inspection standard is decomposed into two types: the shock wave energy of the 2KgTNT equivalent explosive simulation bomb, and the explosion-proof fence is qualified without disintegration and obvious deformation; the SS109 steel core emitted by the M16 gun Projectile, 10m range, bullet speed 920 ⁇ 20m/s, the average distribution of each sample is tested for 11 rounds, all of which are qualified.
  • the combination of the two tests can not only test the ability of the explosion-proof fence to resist detonation, but also test the ability of the explosion-proof fence to resist bomb fragments.
  • the non-woven fabric used is a multi-layer fabric in which a plurality of unidirectional woven fabrics are formed in a cross shape with an angular change of 0°/90°.
  • a high-strength ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene strip was used as a raw material to prepare a weft-free cloth with a weight of 100 g/m 2 , and 220 layers of a non-woven fabric were used, and a plate-type winding hot-pressing method was adopted (the hot pressing condition was: temperature 125 ° C, A high-strength cell plate is obtained at a pressure of 22 MPa, and the structure is as shown in Fig. 3a.
  • the through-hole portions formed on both sides of the high-strength unit plate are subjected to uniform symmetrical cutting to obtain the plates as shown in Fig.
  • the explosion-proof fence can withstand the multiple impact of the SS109 bomb and the threat of at least 2Kg TNT equivalent explosive without disintegration and significant deformation.
  • the high-strength ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene strip was used as raw material to prepare a non-woven fabric with a weight of 90g/m 2 , and 240 layers of non-woven fabric were taken, and the tubular winding hot-pressing consolidation method was adopted (the hot pressing condition was: temperature 125 ° C)
  • the pressure is 22 MPa) to obtain a high-strength unit plate, and the structure is as shown in Fig. 3a.
  • the through-hole portions formed on both sides of the high-strength unit board are subjected to a uniform asymmetric cutting method to obtain the sheet material as shown in Fig. 6.
  • the connection between the sheets is connected by a high-strength metal plunger, as shown in Fig. 10, the bottom of the rod is bolted. Fixed. Multiple high-strength unit boards are connected in such a way that an explosion-proof fence can be obtained.
  • the explosion-proof fence can withstand the multiple impact of the SS109 bomb and the threat of at least 1.9Kg TNT equivalent explosive without disintegration and significant deformation.
  • the high-strength ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene strip is used as raw material to prepare a weft-free cloth with a weight of 90g/m 2 , and 240 layers of non-woven fabric are taken, and the crawler-type winding winding is used for hot-pressing and consolidation (the hot pressing condition is: temperature) 130 ° C, pressure 22 MPa), to obtain a high-strength unit plate, the structure shown in Figure 3a.
  • the through-hole portions formed on both sides of the high-strength unit board are obtained by the uneven symmetrical cutting method to obtain the sheet material as shown in Fig. 7.
  • the connection between the sheets is made of high-strength metal shaped parts and inserts, as shown in Fig. 12, and the shaped parts are selected.
  • the ⁇ type, the bottom of the plunger is fixed with bolts. Multiple high-strength unit boards are connected in such a way that an explosion-proof fence can be obtained.
  • the explosion-proof fence can withstand the multiple impact of the SS109 bomb and the threat of at least 1.8Kg TNT equivalent explosive without disintegration and significant deformation.
  • the high-strength ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber was used as raw material to prepare a weft-free cloth with a weight of 120g/m 2 , and 180 layers of non-woven fabric were taken, and the plate-type winding hot-pressing method was adopted (the hot pressing condition was: temperature 128 ° C, pressure) 21MPa) to obtain a high-strength unit board, the structure is shown in Figure 3a.
  • the through-hole portions formed on both sides of the high-strength unit board are obtained by the uneven-sharing asymmetric cutting method to obtain the sheet material as shown in Fig. 8.
  • the connection between the sheets is made of high-strength metal rods, as shown in Fig. 11, the bottom of the rod is bolted. Fixed. Multiple high-strength unit boards are connected in such a way that an explosion-proof fence can be obtained.
  • the explosion-proof fence can withstand the multiple impact of the SS109 bomb and the threat of at least 1.8Kg TNT equivalent explosive without disintegration and significant deformation.
  • the high-strength ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene strip was used as raw material to prepare a non-woven fabric with a weight of 100g/m 2 , and 220 layers of non-woven fabric were used, and the tubular winding hot-pressing consolidation method was adopted (the hot pressing condition was: temperature 128 ° C) , pressure 21MPa) to obtain high-strength unit plate (arc), the structure shown in Figure 3b.
  • the through-hole portions formed on both sides of the high-strength unit plate are cut by a uniform symmetrical manner, and the connection between the plates is made of a high-strength metal plunger, and the bottom of the rod is fixed by bolts.
  • Multiple high-strength unit boards can be connected in two or two to obtain an explosion-proof fence.
  • the structure of the explosion-proof fence is shown in Figure 1a.
  • the explosion-proof fence can withstand the multiple impact of the SS109 bomb and the threat of at least 2Kg TNT equivalent explosive without disintegration and significant deformation.
  • the high-strength unit board for the explosion-proof fence is prepared by using the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene strip as the raw material of the weft-free cloth with a weight of 90g/m 2 : 240 layers of the non-woven fabric are taken, and the plate-type winding hot-pressing method is adopted (hot pressing) The conditions are: temperature 125 ° C, pressure 20 MPa) to obtain a high strength unit plate.
  • the plurality of high-strength unit boards are connected in pairs so as to respectively assemble two double-layer explosion-proof fences for the inner and outer rings, and the double-layer explosion-proof fence structure is as shown in Fig. 13a.
  • the inner and outer fences are similar in structure, the connection manners are basically the same, the height of the outer fence is less than 50% of the height of the inner fence, and the inner fence and the outer fence adopt the explosion-proof fence structure of any one of the application examples 1-5, and the outer fence can be vented. There is no, the spacing between the inner fence and the outer fence is 1m.
  • the explosion-proof fence can withstand the multiple impact of the SS109 bomb and the threat of at least 2Kg TNT equivalent explosive without disintegration and significant deformation.
  • a 255 layer ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene tape with a density of 88 g/m 2 was hollow-wound (plate-wound) into a laminate having an areal density of 22.5 Kg/m 2 , and the laminate was thermocompressed ( The hot pressing conditions were as follows: temperature 132 ° C, pressure 23 MPa) to obtain a high-strength cell plate, and the appearance is shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the intermediate portion of the resulting high strength unit plate has an average thickness of 22 to 24 mm.
  • the high-strength unit board was tested for performance.
  • the test conditions were: outdoor, the temperature was around 5 °C, and a total of 11 SS109 shots were fired. The 10m range was all prevented, and the bullet speed was 900-950m/s. See Figure 26 for the effect photo. Shown. It can be seen that after the bombing, the high-strength unit plate has less layering, the back drum bag is small, and the high-strength unit plate has little deformation, so that it has excellent ballistic performance.

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Abstract

一种高强单元板及其制备方法和防护产品，其中，高强单元板制备方法包括：将织物、单向布、无纬布或其组合中空缠绕多圈以形成层合物；将层合物至少部分的中间部位热压在一起，以使热压后所述层合物的中部密实且两端形成通孔，得高强单元板。该高强单元板制备方法简单，整体性好，基于所述高强单元板形成各种防护产品，组装方便快速，防弹防爆性能高，应用广泛。

Description

防弹防爆高强单元板及其制备方法、防护产品
本申请要求2016年2月6日向中国国家知识产权局提交的、申请号为201610090732.3、名称为“高强单元板及其制备方法、防护产品”的中国发明专利申请的优先权。
技术领域
本申请涉及安全防护技术领域，具体是涉及一种防弹防爆高强单元板及其制备方法、防护产品。
背景技术
当前，部分违法犯罪分子、恐怖主义分子为了危害社会采取在机场、车站、码头、商场、医院、游乐场等人员较为密集的场所放置危险品、爆炸物等恶性手段，妄图制造恶性爆炸事件，使公共设施和人民群众的安全受到极大威胁。另外，如果国家进入战争状态，铁路、码头或者机场等重要交通要道可能会存在大量的未爆弹，如果不及时引爆或者隔离，将会对作战造成严重的影响；战时指挥营地、医院、临时安置场所均可能随时遭受敌方攻击，如果没有合适的防护措施，同样会极大地影响作战指挥。
目前，如果发现可疑爆炸物或者未爆弹时，可以通过防爆罐或者防爆毯进行隔离，也可以经过可存储运输未爆弹的设备将未爆弹运输到指定地点销毁，以尽可能降低甚至避免爆炸对周围人群和公共设备造成破坏，开辟安全通道。战时指挥营地、医院、临时安置场所防弹等级较低。
然而，目前仍有不少场所尚未配备防爆罐或防爆毯等防护设备，部分场所虽然配备有防爆罐或防爆毯等防护设备，但现有的防爆罐防护级别高，但重量重，操作和运输非常不便，而防爆毯则防爆级别低，防护性能有限，特别是出现大量可疑爆炸物和/或大型可疑爆炸物等情形，现有的防护设备难以满足应用需求，因此亟待研发更高防爆等 级的防护产品。
发明内容
本申请实施方案提供一种防弹防爆高强单元板及其制备方法、防护产品。
第一方面，本申请实施方案提供了一种防弹防爆高强单元板的制备方法，包括：
将织物、单向布、无纬布或其组合中空缠绕多圈以形成层合物；
将所述层合物热压在一起，得所述高强单元板；或者
在所述层合物的两端内侧分别设有支撑部的状态下，将所述层合物至少部分的中间部位热压在一起，以使热压后所述层合物的中部密实且两端形成通孔，得所述高强单元板。
结合本申请实施方案提供的任一种高强单元板制备方法，可选地，所述将织物、单向布、无纬布或其组合中空缠绕多圈以形成层合物，可以包括：采用板式折叠收卷的方式将所述织物、单向布、无纬布或其组合绕板缠绕以形成层合物；或者采用筒式卷取的方式将所述织物、单向布、无纬布或其组合绕筒缠绕以形成层合物；或者采用履带式缠绕收卷的方式将所述织物、单向布无纬布或其组合缠绕收卷以形成层合物。
结合本申请实施方案提供的任一种高强单元板制备方法，可选地，热压之后，所述方法还包括：将所述层合物与所述支撑部分离或不分离。
结合本申请实施方案提供的任一种高强单元板制备方法，可选地，所述支撑部上形成有离型层或隔离层，优选所述离型层或隔离层包括碳管或钢管。
结合本申请实施方案提供的任一种高强单元板制备方法，可选地，将所述层合物与所述支撑部分分离之后，所述离型层或隔离层附在所述通孔内壁。
结合本申请实施方案提供的任一种高强单元板制备方法，可选地，将所述层合物置于类似哑铃结构的模具并将所述层合物至少中间部分热压在一起，以使热压后所述层合物的中部密实且两端形成有通孔。
结合本申请实施方案提供的任一种高强单元板制备方法，可选地，热压之后，所述方法还包括：将所述高强单元板与所述模具分离。
结合本申请实施方案提供的任一种高强单元板制备方法，可选地，所述热压的温度范围为60-200℃，压力范围为1-40MPa。
结合本申请实施方案提供的任一种高强单元板制备方法，可选地，将所述层合物至少部分的中间部位热压在一起，包括：在60-120℃的温度和1-10MPa的压力下预热预压所述层合物至少部分的中间部位，并对所述层合物进行排气处理；在120-160℃的温度和10-40MPa的压力下热压所述层合物至少部分的中间部分，然后在该压力下快速冷却所述层合物至少部分的中间部分。
结合本申请实施方案提供的任一种高强单元板制备方法，可选地，对所述层合物进行排气处理，包括：上下移动设有所述层合物的模具至少一次，以排出所述层合物内的气体。
结合本申请实施方案提供的任一种高强单元板制备方法，可选地，所述织物、所述单向布和所述无纬布中的至少之一由以下至少一种材料制得：玄武岩纤维、玻璃纤维、芳纶纤维、碳纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯带材。
结合本申请实施方案提供的任一种高强单元板制备方法，可选地，所述单向布的长度方向为所述单向布制备所用材料的最大强度的方向。
结合本申请实施方案提供的任一种高强单元板制备方法，可选地，所述方法还包括：在所述高强单元板的至少一侧复合高模材料层，优选高模材料层包括陶瓷板或金属板。
结合本申请实施方案提供的任一种高强单元板制备方法，可选地，所述方法还包括：将所述高强单元板每侧的通孔分别切割为至少一段通孔。
结合本申请实施方案提供的任一种高强单元板制备方法，可选地，所述高强单元板包括两端的弧形部分和中间的密实部分；所述切割的工艺包括：在所述弧形部分和所述密实部分之间的圆弧过渡区打孔，经孔对所述弧形部分的部分进行直线切割。
结合本申请实施方案提供的任一种高强单元板制备方法，可选地， 所述高强单元板两侧的所述至少一段通孔呈均分对称式分布、均分不对称式分布、不均分对称式分布或者不均分不对称式分布。
结合本申请实施方案提供的任一种高强单元板制备方法，可选地，所述方法还包括：为所述高强单元板套设防水外套或阻燃外套，或者，在所述高强单元板的表面涂覆有防水层或阻燃层。
结合本申请实施方案提供的任一种高强单元板制备方法，可选地，所述高强单元板为弧形板或非弧形板。
第二方面，本申请实施方案还提供了一种防弹防爆高强单元板，所述高强单元板包括：由多层织物、单向布、无纬布或其组合中空缠绕多圈并热压形成的高强单元板本体。
结合本申请实施方案提供的任一种高强单元板，可选地，所述高强单元板本体的两端分别设有与所述高强单元板本体一体形成的通孔、且所述高强单元板本体的中间部分密实。
结合本申请实施方案提供的任一种高强单元板，可选地，所述织物、所述单向布和所述无纬布中的至少之一由以下材料中的一种或多种混杂制得：玄武岩纤维、玻璃纤维、芳纶纤维、碳纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯带材。
结合本申请实施方案提供的任一种高强单元板，可选地，所述单向布的长度方向为所述单向布制备所用材料的最大强度的方向。
结合本申请实施方案提供的任一种高强单元板，可选地，至少之一所述通孔内有支撑部。
结合本申请实施方案提供的任一种高强单元板，可选地，至少之一所述通孔内壁有离型层或隔离层。
结合本申请实施方案提供的任一种高强单元板，可选地，所述高强单元板的至少一侧复合有高模材料层，优选所述高模材料层包括陶瓷板或金属板。
结合本申请实施方案提供的任一种高强单元板，可选地，所述高强单元板每侧包括至少一段通孔。
结合本申请实施方案提供的任一种高强单元板，可选地，所述高强单元板两侧的所述至少一段通孔呈均分对称式分布、均分不对称式分布、不均分对称式分布或者不均分不对称式分布。
结合本申请实施方案提供的任一种高强单元板，可选地，所述高强单元板的下方形成有一泄爆口。优选地，所述泄爆口的面积小于所述高强单元板的面积的30％。
结合本申请实施方案提供的任一种高强单元板，可选地，所述泄爆口的形状为半圆形、拱形、长方形、正方形或梯形。
结合本申请实施方案提供的任一种高强单元板，可选地，所述高强单元板套有防水外套或阻燃外套，或者，所述高强单元板的表面涂覆有防水层或阻燃层。
结合本申请实施方案提供的任一种高强单元板，可选地，所述高强单元板为弧形板或非弧形板。
第三方面，本申请实施方案还提供了一种防护产品，所述防护产品由多块本申请实施方案提供的任一种高强单元板组装而得；可选地，可拆卸式组装而得。
本申请实施方案提供的技术方案中，高强单元板制备方法简单，整体性好；基于所述高强单元板制备得到的防护产品可更为充分利用织物、单向布和/或无纬布自身的超高强度来抵御爆炸冲击波或子弹的威胁，防弹防爆性能明显提高。
附图说明
图1a为本申请实施例提供的一种防爆围栏的可选结构示意图；
图1b为本申请实施例提供的图1a的俯视图；
图2为现有技术提供的堆叠方式热固结而得的高强单元板的结构示例；
图3a为本申请实施例提供的缠绕方式热固结而得的高强单元板(非弧形板)的结构示例；
图3b为本申请实施例提供的缠绕方式热固结而得的高强单元板(弧形板)的结构示例；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种高强单元板制造方法的流程图；
图5a为本申请实施例提供的一种两侧具有均分对称式分布凹凸结构的高强单元板的结构示例；
图5b为本申请实施例提供的具有与图5a互补的均分对称式分布 凹凸结构的高强单元板的结构示例；
图5c和图5d分别为图5a和图5b中端部未被切断的原材料连续分布的原理示例；
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种两侧具有均分不对称式分布凹凸结构的高强单元板的结构示例；
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种两侧具有不均分对称式分布凹凸结构的高强单元板的结构示例；
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种两侧具有不均分不对称式分布凹凸结构的高强单元板的结构示例；
图9为本申请实施例提供的一种相邻侧凹凸结构互补的高强单元板连接示例一，其中，每块高强单元板两侧的凹凸结构呈均分对称式分布；
图10为本申请实施例提供的一种相邻侧凹凸结构互补的高强单元板连接示例二，其中，每块高强单元板两侧的凹凸结构呈均分不对称式分布；
图11为本申请实施例提供的一种相邻侧凹凸结构互补的高强单元板连接示例三，其中，每块高强单元板两侧的凹凸结构呈不均分不对称式分布；
图12为本申请实施例提供的一种相邻侧凹凸结构对齐的高强单元板连接示例；
图13a为本申请实施例提供的一种双层防爆围栏的结构示例；
图13b为本申请实施例提供的图13a的俯视图；
图14a-图17为本申请实施例提供的高强单元板的应用示例；
图18a-图18b为本申请实施例提供的防爆围栏的结构示例；
图19a-图19b为本申请实施例提供的防护隔离墙的结构示例；
图20a-图20c为本申请实施例提供的原材料板式缠绕收卷方案示例；
图21a-图21c为本申请实施例提供的原材料筒式缠绕收卷方案示例；
图22为本申请实施例提供的原材料履带式收卷方案示例；
图23a为本申请实施例提供的热压单型模具的结构示例；
图23b为本申请实施例提供的热压双型模具的结构示例；
图23c为本申请实施例提供的设有定位装置的热压双型模具的结构示例；
图24为本申请实施例提供的刀具的结构示例；
图25为本申请实施例提供的高强单元板的切割示例。
图26为本申请实施例提供的高强单元板的性能测试结果照片。
附图标记说明：
图1a-图16b中各附图标记的含义：1-高强单元板；11-高强单元板本体；12-通孔；13-安装孔；14-泄爆口；21-插杆；22-异型件；3-内围栏；4-外围栏。
图20a-图23c中各附图标记的含义：1-放卷单元；2-导辊；3-纠偏支座；4-纠偏传感器；5-计层装置；6-板式收卷单元；7-原材料；60-辅助夹具；61-挡板；62-传动轴；63-支撑杆；64-套管；65-固定螺母；8-筒式收卷单元；80-辅助收卷装置；81-上弧形板；82-下弧形板；83-连接块；9-计米装置；10-履带式收卷单元；11-压辊，a3-导向柱；b3-定位槽；c3-定位块。
具体实施方式
发明一种高性能、轻量化、模块化式的防弹防爆高强单元板是非常有必要的。这种高强单元板可以按照实际应用场景，如安防、战场等形势灵活应变组装成不同的防弹防爆产品，以处置较大TNT当量爆炸物，这种防弹防爆产品结构灵活、使用便捷、可实现人工快速装拆，且可满足制式枪弹防护要求。
根据本发明的实施方案，防弹防爆高强单元板由多层织物、单向布和无纬布中的一种或多种的组合中空缠绕并热压固结而得，如可由多层织物、或者多层单向布、或者多层无纬布、或者织物、单向布或无纬布中的二种或三种按照一定比例的混杂物缠绕热压固结，制得高强单元板。所制得的高强单元板符合一定的防爆等级，防爆性能好，使用过程中，可将多块高强单元板运输到拟爆炸地点，将多块高强单元板现场两两可拆卸式连接为一定形状，该形状可包括但不限于闭合形状或者具有隔离作用的非闭合形状。
混杂包含两层含义：1、单向布、无纬布和织物三者中至少两者按照缠绕方式形成层合物进行热压；2、由两种或两种以上的各种纤维之间进行混杂制备上述三种形式的产品，而后再进行混杂形成层合物进行热压。
根据本发明的实施方案，可选地，所述织物、所述单向布和所述无纬布中的至少之一由以下至少一种材料(以下不妨称为“高性能纤维/带材”)制得：玄武岩纤维、玻璃纤维、芳纶纤维、碳纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯带材；所述超高分子量聚乙烯带材可包括但不限于超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或超高分子量聚乙烯条带。这些材料均为至少在强度和模量方面具有卓越性能的轻质材料，采用这些材料中的一种或多种混杂制备的高强单元板，强度高、防爆性能明显提高、且重量轻，便于运输和组装。所述混杂包括层间混杂和层内混杂；层间混杂例如先缠绕一种纤维/带材，然后再缠绕一种或者多种纤维/带材，但每层之间的纤维/带材种类是单一的；层内混杂例如用两种或者两种以上的纤维/带材进行编织，如利用超高分子量聚乙烯纤维和芳纶纤维共同制备一种混杂纤维无纬布，然后再用这种具有混杂纤维的无纬布制备高强单元板；优选的是超高分子量聚乙烯纤维或超高分子量聚乙烯带材(超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带)做内层，芳纶纤维做外层，除具有单纯聚乙烯板材的性能外，还能额外提供耐高温性能，由此提升高强单元板的整体性能。
可选地，所述织物可由上述一种或多种材料在织机或经编机等设备上织造而得，织造而得的织物的结构形式可根据实际需要确定，例如，所述织物的结构形式可包括但不限于机织布、针织布、三维织物或经编布，由此可充分利用不同结构形式织物的特性来制备满足不同防爆需求的高强单元板。
可选地，所述单向布包括单向单层布或单向多层布，如所述单向布可由上述一种或多种高性能纤维/带材经浸胶或涂胶等工序形成。所述单向布具有较大强度，其长度方向为所述单向布制备所用材料的最大强度的方向，例如，上述高性能纤维/带材的分子链伸直方向为其强度最大的方向，可将该方向作为所述单向布的长度方向，由此保证该单向布具有高强度。
可选地，所述无纬布由多层所述单向布依次呈一定角度交叉叠合而成，其中，至少二层相邻的所述单向布之间交叉的角度为0-180度中的任一角度，所述单向布包括单向单层布或单向多层布。例如，可按照十字交叉工序形成具有0°/90°角度交叉变化的二层、三层、四层或多层无纬布。由于无纬布层间没有交织点，其单向排列结构可最大程度地保留高性能纤维/带材本身的强度，并将能量通过高性能纤维/带材沿其分子链伸直方向迅速扩散，因此能够更好的抵御子弹、破片、爆炸冲击波等的威胁。
制备好所述高强单元板之后，还可在高强单元板的至少一侧复合高模材料层，由此提高板材的防御等级。例如，在高强单元板的单侧或两侧复合高模材料层，所述高模材料层可为一个整体层，或者，可由多个小层拼接为一高模材料层。所述高模材料层所采用的材料可包括但不限于高强度陶瓷板和/或金属板和/或其他硬度高的材料。复合方式可包括但不限于胶粘。在防爆应用中，复合有高模材料层的高强单元板至少一侧的高模材料层朝向可以是发生子弹、破片、爆炸冲击波等威胁的方向。不妨以防弹为例，该方案提高了高强单元板的防弹等级：一方面，可充分利用高模材料层的高模特性，将触及到高模材料层的能量(如子弹的高速冲量)化点为面在高模材料层内快速传导，利用高模材料层的硬度甚至可以变形或钝化或折弯子弹头，削弱其进入高强单元板的能量；另一方面，可充分利用高强单元板材料的性能(如高断裂性能)充分吸收进入高强单元板的能量，由此达到有效防御攻击的作用。
根据本发明的实施方案，如图3a-图3b所示，高强单元板包括由多层织物、单向布、无纬布或其组合中空缠绕并热压形成的高强单元板本体11；可选进一步地，所述高强单元板本体11的两侧分别设有与所述高强单元板本体一体形成的通孔12。例如，如图4所示，一种防弹防爆高强单元板的制备方法包括：
S101：将织物、单向布、无纬布或其组合中空缠绕多圈以形成层合物。
可将所述织物、单向布和无纬布中的一种或至少二种在一工装上缠绕成横截面类似跑道形式的筒形结构，即形成层合物，或者，也可 在工装上缠绕成环形，并从工装取下的环形变形为横截面类似跑道形式的筒形结构，等等。缠绕的圈数可根据高强单元板的防爆等级或用途而定。缠绕结束后，可从工装上取下该层合物，也可不取下直接进行后道工序，本申请实施方案对此均不限制。
与本发明不同，现有技术中往往只是将织物、单向布、无纬布或其组合直接堆叠热压成板。这种堆叠方式无法像本发明所采用的中空缠绕能实现材料环向的连续性，这是因为当材料是中空缠绕的，由于整体闭合所以力可以环向传导，而当材料只是堆叠，力在传导到边缘时被中断，只能向下传导。这对于防弹防爆应用则非常危险，因为力向下传导即意味着材料容易打穿，防弹性能降低。图2即是现有技术中以堆叠方式热固结而得到的高强单元板的结构示例。
S102：在所述层合物的两端内侧分别设有支撑部的状态下，将所述层合物至少部分的中间部位热压在一起，以使热压后所述层合物的中部密实且两端形成通孔，得所述高强单元板。优选地，热压的温度范围可以为60-200℃，热压的压力范围可以为1-40MPa，因为采用该温度和/或压力范围进行热压固结，对材料的性能损失较小，所获得的高强单元板的性能好。
将缠绕好的层合物的两端内侧分别设一支撑部(所述支撑部可包括但不限于钢管)，由支撑部提供支撑，将层合物至少部分的中间部位热压在一起，以形成具有类似哑铃结构的层合物。
例如，可将横截面类似跑道状的层合物的中间平行的部分在一定的温度和压力条件下热压在一起，热压期间，因支撑部提供支撑，层合物的两端在拉紧力作用下形成硬实的通孔，经热压后的层合物具有哑铃结构。
又例如，可采用类似哑铃结构的模具(两端相对中间部分隆起)热压层合物，这样，经过热压后层合物具有哑铃结构，即热压后的所述层合物的中部密实且两端分别形成有通孔。
可选的，热压完成之后，可将所述层合物和所述支撑部分离(如将钢管从所述层合物的通孔中取出等方式进行分离)，这样即可得到中部平整密实、两端分别形成有通孔的整体结构(即具有类似哑铃结构)的高强单元板。
可选的，热压完成之后，也可将所述层合物和所述支撑部不分离，即将所述支撑部遗留在所述层合物的两端，相当于在类哑铃状的层合物的两端通孔内分别预留有支撑部。该支撑部的作用一方面是在高强单元板制备过程中辅助形成两端的通孔，另一方面，通过在制备完成的高强单元板的两端通孔内预留支撑部，为后续多块高强单元板之间的可拆卸式组装提供了极大的便利，减小了连接件(如高强杆等)与高强单元板的通孔内材料的摩擦力，使得组装更加方便快捷。
可选的，所述支撑部上可预先形成有离型层或隔离层，所述离型层或隔离层可包括但不限于碳管、钢管或其他材质管材。热压后的层合物与支撑部分离过程中，所述离型层或隔离层随同所述层合物一起同所述支撑部分离，即分离后支撑部上预先形成的离型层或隔离层遗留在层合物的两端内，相当于在类哑铃状的层合物的两端通孔内分别预留有离型层或隔离层。该离型层或隔离层的作用一方面是在高强单元板制备过程中防止材料粘结在支撑部上，实现热压后的层合物与支撑部的快速分离，另一方面，通过在制备完成的高强单元板的两端通孔内预留离型层或隔离层，为后续多块高强单元板之间的可拆卸式组装提供了极大的便利，减小了连接件(如高强杆等)与高强单元板的通孔内的材料的摩擦力，使得组装更加方便快捷。
采用如上方案制备得到的高强单元板由于是材料中空缠绕热压而成，因此整体性好，可充分利用材料的性能，如可以更为充分利用织物、单向布和/或无纬布自身的超高强度来抵御爆炸冲击波的威胁，防爆性能明显提高。此外，由于高强单元板的两端形成有通孔，因此当对通孔的部分进行适当裁切之后，将连接件插入两块高强单元板的通孔内即可完成组装。由此可见，采用该方案制备得到的高强单元板组装非常方便，高强单元板可按照战场形势灵活应变组装成不同的防弹防爆等防护产品，这些防护产品结构灵活、使用便捷、可实现人工快速装拆，且可满足制式枪弹防护要求。不仅如此，由于在防护产品特别是防护等级高的防爆防弹产品中，对连接不同部件所采用的合页等金属连接件要求强度非常高，因此往往不得不采用重量非常大的合页。与此不同，本发明方案制备得到的高强单元板由于两端通孔部分进行适当裁切即可方便灵活组装，无需在两块高强单元板之间增加如 合页等金属连接件，不仅可减轻重量，更重要的是由于高强单元板之间的连接处与高强单元板本体至少部分没有被裁切，因此保留了高强单元板本体的材料特性，由此能充分利用该材料特性(如高剪切强度等)提高防护产品特别是提高防护产品中两块高强单元板的连接部位的防御等级。也就是说，本发明的高强单元板一方面通过材料的中空缠绕保证了单元板的整体性，另一方面通过在两端形成通孔不仅使得单元板的使用方便，而且使得单元板的防弹防爆作用发挥到最大。
本申请实施方案在制备高强单元板过程中对如织物、单向布和/或无纬布等原材料的缠绕方式非常灵活。无论是板式收卷或筒式收卷还是履带式收卷，可以根据高强单元板的具体用途来确定单元板所需的性能，从而确定缠绕程度。譬如，如果需要防弹等级高的单元板，则需要缠绕得较厚。例如，对于防2KG TNT当量弹药的高强单元板，需缠绕200-300层。
例如，可采用板式收卷法对如织物、单向布和/或无纬布等原材料进行折叠缠绕收卷。如可采用图20a所示的板式缠绕收卷装置进行收卷，该装置包括：放卷单元1、导辊2、纠偏支座3、纠偏传感器4、计层装置5、板式收卷单元6和原材料7，其中，板式收卷单元6包括辅助夹具60，辅助夹具60包括两侧挡板61、传动轴62、两侧支撑杆63、套管64和固定螺母65，如图20b所示。工作时，先将原材料通过放卷单元1，并经导辊2和纠偏传感器4后固定在板式收卷单元6的辅助夹具60一侧的套管64上；收卷过程中，放卷单元1会保持恒张力制动，板式收卷单元6收卷力矩大小可调节，通过计层装置5累计层数，原材料在卷取过程中通过纠偏传感器4对原材料边缘摆幅进行检测，控制纠偏支座3左右调节，从而获得边缘整齐的板式收卷卷装，累计层数到达设定值后，收卷单元6停止工作，卸下辅助夹具60，将固定螺母65两侧的挡板61卸掉，抽出传动轴62和支撑杆63，将套管64(即为保留在高强单元板两端内的支撑部)保留在板式卷装的两个端部中，如图20c所示。板式折叠缠绕收卷法操作简便，工作效率高。
又例如，可采用筒式收卷法对如织物、单向布和/或无纬布等原材料进行缠绕收卷，该方法可获得张力一致的筒式卷装。如可采用图21a所示的筒式缠绕收卷装置进行收卷，该装置与板式收卷装置区别 在于，该装置包括筒式收卷单元8，是基于筒式收卷单元8进行原材料的缠绕收卷，筒式收卷单元8的辅助收卷装置80，如图21b所示，辅助收卷装置80包括辅助夹具60、上弧形板81、下弧形板82和连接块83，在辅助夹具60处于其与上弧形板81、下弧形板82及连接块83连接成一体的状态下，辅助夹具60中的套管64外圆最高点与弧形板形成筒状圆柱的外圆重合，收卷过程中薄膜会和附着于套管64上，如图21c所示。筒式收卷工作过程与板式收卷相似，区别在于，筒式收卷装置包括计米装置9，当累计到设定米数时，筒式收卷单元8停止工作，通过拆卸辅助收卷装置80中的连接块83，拆除上弧形板81和下弧形板82及辅助夹具60各附件，得到如图21c中所示的筒式薄膜板材。进一步的，可将留在筒式薄膜板材中的套管64做左右平移，过程中尽量避免使薄膜松散，由此得到具有如图20c所示的板式卷装类似哑铃状结构的筒式卷装。筒式收卷单元由于采用了中心卷取式收卷方法，可以稳定控制收卷张力，获得良好的卷装。
再例如，可采用履带式收卷法对如织物、单向布和/或无纬布等原材料进行缠绕收卷，如可采用图22所示的履带式缠绕收卷装置进行收卷，该装置与板式或筒式收卷装置的区别在于，履带式收卷方式通过压辊11排除缠绕的不同层的原材料之间的空气，为获得更好的成型效果，压辊可采用但不限于热辊形式。采用履带式收卷可以在压辊固定的位置提供一定压力，对卷装的收卷形式进行定型处理，如图所示通过调节两对压辊之间间隙，可直接获得类哑铃状原材料卷装形式，为后续操作更好的保留原材料内部卷绕张力，有利于热压成型。
收卷获得层合物的卷装之后，需要对层合物的至少中间部位进行热压。优选的，所述热压的温度范围为60-200℃，所述热压的压力范围为1-40MPa。
热压工艺可根据实际需要确定，本申请实施方案对此并不限制。一种可选的实现方式例如，将类似哑铃状结构的卷装(如图20c所示)放入模具中，分阶段压制成型。预热预压阶段：升温至60-120℃，给予1-10MPa压力，对模具中的层合物进行预热预压，时间可在1-20min间自由选择。在此阶段，模具上下移动，排气1-10次，目的是排掉层合物中的气体，使得层合物更加密实；热压阶段：升温至120-160℃ 时，压力升至10-40MPa压力，并保持恒温恒压20-60min；冷却阶段：保持热压阶段的压力不变，对模具进行快速降温，当温度降低至40℃以下后，方可取出。该制备工艺生产效率高，得到的单元板重量轻、强度高、密实性好、防弹防爆效果极佳，可以满足军队及勤务人员的多种防弹防爆需求。
实际应用中，可选用类哑铃状的模具进行热压。可选的，所述模具可采用单型模具结构，上下两二层模a1和b1形成的空腔剖面结构以及经其热压成型的高强单元板如图23a所示。或者，也可通过制作双型或多型模具提高生产效率，可选的双型模具的结构示例如图23b所示，通过三层模a2、b2和c2分别形成两个空腔，基于该双型模具一次热压可完成2个卷装的热压，提高了生产效率。
在热压过程中，由于成型过程中压力较大，预留在如图20c所示的卷装两端中的套管64可选用轻薄、强度高且耐温的材料，以保证卷装热压过程中两个端部的成型。
进一步的，如果使用双型模具进行热压处理，一次性可完成二个高强单元板，为稳定成型，需要保持不同板之间具有良好的平面度。为了保持板与板之间具有良好的平面度，可在双型模具中设置定位装置，设有定位装置的双型模具的剖面图和立体图如图23c所示，由于上板和下板分别固定在机架和底座，可作为中板的定位基准，具体做法是在上下板两侧对应中板成型面的无效区域加工一定高度的定位凸台(也称定位块)，同时在中板两侧对应位置加工一定深度的定位凹槽(也称定位槽)，根据热压成型的最终尺寸设置合模间隙，当模具闭合时凸台与凹槽啮合定位，同时可在各模具四个边角区域加工导向孔，由于底板模具为固定形式，可用四根导向柱通过导向孔先将上板和中板连接起来，热压成型时上板和中板慢慢向底板移动，导向柱将进入底板导向孔，模具闭合时上中下模具将通过四根导向轴进行轴孔定位。
结合本申请实施方案，所述高强单元板可为非弧形板，可选示例如图3a所示，所述高强单元板为一矩形或类矩形板等；或者，所述高强单元板为一弧形板，可选示例如图3b所示，弧形板的弧度可根据实际需要确定。通过将所述高强单元板设计为弧形或非弧形，可便于运输和不同类型不同规格的防护产品的组装，进而满足多样化的防 爆应用需求。
结合本申请实施例提供的任一种技术方案，可选地，所述多块高强单元板中至少二个相邻的高强单元板之间采用以下强度满足预定要求的连接件如异型件和/或插杆可拆卸式连接。也就是说，在实际应用中，可根据高强单元板两侧用于连接的部位的特征选择适配的连接件，将多块高强单元板两两连接为防爆或防弹防护产品如防爆围栏，提高防护产品的防爆性能。所述连接件的强度可根据实际需要确定，为了避免防护产品的不同高强单元板之间受爆炸冲击波影响而断开连接，可选择高强度的连接件，如高强异型件或高强插杆与高强单元板两侧用于连接的部位匹配连接。
每块高强单元板两侧用于连接的部位可根据实际需要确定，不同的高强单元板两侧用于连接的部位的结构可以相同或不同，本申请实施方案对此均不限制。
在一个实施方案中，高强单元板的两侧用于连接的部位可为凹凸结构，也即，所述多块高强单元板中至少之一高强单元板的两侧分别形成有凹凸结构。例如，高强单元板的两侧可通过切割等方式形成凹凸结构，切割方式可包括但不限于均分对称式切割、均分不对称式切割、不均分对称式切割和不均分不对称式切割，使得该高强单元板两侧分别形成的凹凸结构相应的呈均分对称式分布、均分不对称式分布、不均分对称式分布或者不均分不对称式分布；其中，优选采用均分对称式切割方式对高强单元板的两侧进行切割，这样，高强单元板的两侧即形成均分对称分布的凹凸结构，由于具有该结构的高强单元板在受到爆炸冲击波作用时向外扩张、膨胀的力基本一致，因此具有更好的防爆性能。高强单元板两侧的切割可通过切割设备进行，所述切割设备可包括但不限于水沙切割机。
不妨以具有图3a所示结构或类似结构的高强单元板为例，采用不同的切割方式将高强单元板每侧的通孔分别切割成至少一段通孔，使得高强单元板两侧各自的所述至少一段通孔呈均分对称式分布、均分不对称式分布、不均分对称式分布或者不均分不对称式分布。
例如，可对高强单元板两侧的至少形成有通孔的部位进行均分对称式切割，这样，高强单元板两侧的通孔分别被切割为多段通孔，如 图5a所示的三段通孔或者如图5b所示的二段通孔，各段通孔长度以及被切割掉的通孔的长度均相同(即凸部分的长度和凹部分的长度相同)，且每块高强单元板两侧分别切割形成的多段通孔呈对称式分布。由于具有均分对称分布的凹凸结构的高强单元板在受到爆炸冲击波作用时向外扩张、膨胀的力基本一致，因此基于均分对称分布的凹凸结构的高强单元板所组装得到的防爆围栏具有更好的防爆性能。
又例如，可对高强单元板两侧的至少形成有通孔的部位进行均分不对称式切割，这样，高强单元板两侧的通孔分别被切割为多段通孔，如图6所示的二段通孔，各段通孔长度以及被切割掉的通孔的长度不尽相同(如各个凸部分的长度相同，但凸部分的长度和凹部分的长度不同)，且每块高强单元板两侧分别切割形成的多段通孔呈不对称式分布。
又例如，可对高强单元板两侧的至少形成有通孔的部位进行不均分对称式切割，这样，高强单元板两侧的通孔分别被切割为多段通孔，如图7所示的三段通孔，各段通孔长度以及被切割掉的通孔的长度不尽相同(如各个凸部分的长度相同，但凸部分的长度和凹部分的长度不同)，且每块高强单元板两侧分别切割形成的多段通孔呈对称式分布。
又例如，可对高强单元板两侧的至少形成有通孔的部位进行不均分不对称式切割，这样，高强单元板两侧的通孔分别被切割为多段通孔，如图8所示的多段通孔，各段通孔长度以及被切割掉的通孔的长度不尽相同(如各个凸部分或各凹部分的长度不完全相同，且凸部分的长度和凹部分的长度也不完全相同)，且每块高强单元板两侧分别切割形成的多段通孔呈不对称式分布。
本申请实施方案提供的高强单元板是原材料一体成型的整体，采用图5a、图5b和图7所示的切割方式，可在高强单元板的两个端部尽可能保留高强单元板原材料的断裂强度，也就是说，高强单元板的两个端部都至少有一部分原材料未被切断，未被切断的原材料连续分布的原理示例可参见图5c和图5d所示，可见端部中未被切断的部分以及高强单元板中与其对应的中间部分的原材料的断裂强度大，从而可充分利用其材料特性来提高防爆等级，这是因为高强单元板中相同 水平面的材料没有被切断，环向是连续的。在将两块高强单元板可拆卸组装成防护产品在防爆应用中，端部是不同高强单元板的连接处，也是防爆应用中最容易炸飞或损坏的部分，而采用该方案切割后的高强单元板组装而得的防护产品，不同高强单元板之间可充分利用未被切断的原材料的断裂强度，进而有效提高了防爆等级。通过对高强单元板两侧灵活的切割方式，可满足不同规格防爆产品的组装需求，应用非常广泛。例如，切割后多块的高强单元板之间两两通过连接件可拆卸式连接为一筒状结构，即可得到一防爆围栏，操作简单、方便、灵活，防爆围栏的防爆性能突出。接下来进一步说明任二块相邻的高强单元板之间的连接方式，需要说明的是，以下例子仅为示例性说明，本领域技术人员在此技术启示下可采用其他类似连接方式进行连接，这些相同或相似的连接方式均属于本申请的保护范围内。
可选地，所述多块高强单元板中至少二块相邻的高强单元板可采用高强度金属插杆方式进行可拆卸式连接，具体而言，所述多块高强单元板中至少二块相邻的高强单元板的相邻侧各自所形成的凹凸结构互补，所述凹凸结构为通孔，通过所述插杆依次穿插二块相邻的高强单元板的相邻侧互补的各通孔，以将二块相邻的高强单元板可拆卸式连接为一体。例如，可采用如图5a-图8任一种切割方式在高强单元板的两侧分别形成多段凸出的通孔，将二块高强单元板相邻侧的凹凸结构互补对准(一块高强单元板的凸部分对应另一高强单元板的凹部分)，这样，二块高强单元板相邻侧的凹凸结构互补形成一个整体，如图9-图11所示，采用高强度金属插杆21依次穿经二块高强单元板相邻侧的各段通孔12，以将二块高强单元板可拆卸式连接为一体；插杆21穿接完成之后，可采用螺丝等部件固定插杆。该方案形成的防护产品整体性好，相邻的高强单元板连接处能够充分利用材料(如织物、单向布和/或无纬布)本身的强度，减少了连接件的使用，抵御爆炸冲击波效果显著，方便拆卸运输，即插即用。
可选地，所述多块高强单元板中至少二块相邻的高强单元板可采用高强度金属插杆与异形件配合方式进行可拆卸式连接，具体而言，所述多块高强单元板中至少二块相邻的高强单元板的相邻侧各自所形成的凹凸结构对齐分布，所述凹凸结构为通孔，二块所述高强单元 板相邻的一侧分别经连接件依次穿经该侧的各通孔、并经异型件将两侧的插杆连接。例如，可采用如图5a-图8任一种切割方式在高强单元板的两侧分别形成多段凸出的通孔，将二块高强单元板相邻侧的凹凸结构对齐(一块高强单元板的凸部分对应另一高强单元板的凸部分，一块高强单元板的凹部分对应另一高强单元板的凹部分)，二块所述高强单元板相邻的一侧分别经高强度金属插杆21依次穿经该侧的各通孔12，之后经异型件22将两侧的插杆连接，可选示例如图12所示。该方案形成的防爆产品整体性好，对每块高强单元板的切割工艺要求低，抵御爆炸冲击波效果显著，方便拆卸运输。
如图3a和图3b所示，高强单元板包括两端的弧形部分以及中间的密实部分(即存在圆弧过渡处)的层合物，对具有这种结构的板材进行切割，如果采用传统的齿距切割方法进行切割，则会导致层合物中的纤维撕裂，纤维撕裂形成的丝带会缠绕在刀具上，影响加工效率甚至会损坏刀具。可对切割工艺进行改进，如将板材的切割过程分为两步：(1)先在圆弧过渡位置定位圆心，然后做打孔处理，如图25所示的可选示例中，共8处(实线所示)进行了打孔处理；(2)孔加工后，对虚线所示的13条直线采用直线锯或圆锯逐一加工，并对切口处形成的棱边做打磨处理，从而得到裁切后的高强单元板。其中，由于高强单元板的材料是纤维，如果采用传统的使用麻花钻和带齿的工具进行打孔都可能撕裂纤维，纤维撕裂所形成的丝带会损坏工具，因此，打孔过程中需使用特殊处理的刀具(该刀具具有开孔器的类似结构且不带齿)，刀具可选的结构如图24所示，选用即有强度又有韧性的合金材质，刀口为薄壁形式并开有倒角，刀具侧壁开有排屑孔。由此提高加工效率，降低对刀具以及高强单元板的损坏概率。
结合本申请实施方案，可选地，所述多块高强单元板中至少之一高强单元板套有外套，所述外套可包括但不限于防水外套或阻燃外套，由此避免高强单元板在运输、搬运等过程中受损、污染等，保证高强单元板的防爆性能。或者，可在所述多块高强单元板中至少之一高强单元板的表面涂覆特定材料层，例如，所述高强单元板的表面可涂覆但不限于防水层或阻燃层等，由此避免高强单元板在运输、搬运等过程中受损、污染等，保证高强单元板的防爆性能，此外，涂层还可以 兼有吸波作用，如使用聚氨酯、聚脲等热塑性弹性体材料，除了具有防水或阻燃特性外，还能够提高板材的防弹等级。
结合本申请实施方案，所述高强单元板中上下两端中的至少一端开设有泄爆口。在高强单元上设置泄爆口可提高防弹等级和降低重量。如果未爆弹或者炸药TNT当量在1000g以下时，高强板单元可不开设泄爆口，在组装如防爆围栏等防护产品时高强单元板甚至可以反过来使用，即泄爆口朝上使用，可以最大限度地防止碎片飞溅。但未爆弹或者炸药TNT当量在1000g以上时，为了提高防护产品的性能，则可开泄爆口，根据炸药冲击波及防护产品(如围栏)等尺寸计算，开在所述高强单元板底端至1/5处比较合适，即在所述高强单元板的底端0-1/5处开设泄爆口；采用底端0-1/5开设泄爆口的高强单元板组装的如防爆围栏等防护产品，可有效防止碎片溅出、以及有效防止爆炸冲击波在如围栏等防护产品内部的反射，进而提高防爆等级。经实践证明，采用底端0-1/5开设泄爆口的高强单元板组装的如防爆围栏等防护产品的防爆等级有明显的提升。此外，是否在高强单元上开设泄爆口，可根据具体防护产品的类型和使用场景灵活确定，不妨以防爆围栏为例进行说明。防爆围栏可以分为警用和民用。警用环境一般在机场、车站、码头、商场、医院、游乐场等人员较为密集的场所，必须保证未爆弹或者炸药爆炸时不飞溅伤人。并且警用面对的未爆弹或者炸药的等级一般都较低，基本均在几十克到几百克TNT当量，这时，不必开泄爆口或者泄爆口朝上使用，可最大限度地防止碎片飞溅伤人。军用环境则完全不同，一般在军用机场使用，尤其是跑道附近，为了不影响作战飞机正常起飞，必须将未爆弹隔离或者引爆。军用机场面对的未爆弹等级一般较高，最高可在几公斤TNT当量，隔离或者引爆时，人员可撤离至安全距离进行遥控引爆，这时，可采用开设有泄爆口的高强单元且泄爆口朝下组装成防爆围栏，以避免防爆围栏炸飞，提高防爆等级。
从是否开设有泄爆口的角度来看，本申请实施方案提供的高强单元板可分为开设有泄爆口的高强单元板和无泄爆口的高强单元板，这两类板材的形状和切割方式等等可以相同或不同。泄爆口并非必须，对于处置较小(如60-1000g，该范围仅为示例性说明，具体范围可根 据实际应用确定)TNT当量爆炸物和子弹威胁时，可无需有泄爆口，因为本申请实施方案提供的高强单元板本身足以抵抗爆炸所带来的冲击波和子弹侵彻，如防弹隔离墙、防弹屋顶、防弹容器等，没必要开泄爆口，甚至开了泄爆口会影响防弹性能，降低有效防护面积。对于处置较大(如1Kg及以上，该范围仅为示例性说明，具体范围可根据实际应用确定)TNT当量的爆炸物时，需要在板材开泄爆口，如处置航空未爆弹用的防护围栏，泄爆口可以消除爆轰时围栏内部冲击波产生的谐振，从而提高防护围栏的抗爆等级，否则冲击波叠加会冲散围栏。
可选地，对于由多块高强单元板组装成的防护产品，其中至少之一高强单元板的下方设有泄爆口14，下方设有泄爆口14的高强单元板的结构示例如图5a-图12所示，基于下方泄爆口14的高强单元板组装的防爆围栏示例如图1a和图13a所示，其中图1a中的高强单元板为弧形高强单元板，图13a中的高强单元板为非弧形高强单元板。实际应用中，危险品、爆炸物位于防护产品内(如位于防爆围栏的中心)，危险品、爆炸物爆炸所形成的冲击波一部分向上释放，另一部分在防护产品内往复振荡，在某些情形下，如果不及时排出这部分冲击波，防护产品可能被炸飞，由此威胁生命和财产的安全；而采用至少一块下方设有泄爆口的高强单元板组装而得的防护产品，则未能向上释放的至少部分冲击波可通过下方的泄爆口及时排出，一定程度上缓解冲击波对防护产品的作用力，降低防护产品被炸飞的概率，提高了防爆等级和安全性。可选地，可选用下方均设有泄爆口的多块高强单元板两两连接形成一筒状结构的防护产品，便于部分冲击波经各泄爆口的及时排出，以提高防护产品的整体防爆等级和安全性。所述泄爆口的面积可根据泄爆的要求确定，例如，所述泄爆口的面积小于泄爆口所在的高强单元板的面积的30％，该方案在泄爆口面积和高强单元板防爆面积进行优化权衡，可最大限度提高防护产品的整体防爆性能。当然，所述泄爆口的形状也可根据实际需要确定，例如，所述泄爆口的形状可包括但不限于半圆形、拱形、长方形、正方形或梯形，实现方式非常灵活。
基于本申请实施方案提供的高强单元板可拆卸式组装形成不同 类型的防护产品，应用非常广泛，其应用按照维度分为零维、一维、二维和三维等。零维应用是指利用高强单元板围成正多边形，可选示例如图14a、图14b和图14c所示，可以用于防爆围栏、避难所、作战空间等。一维是指将高强单元板连成线，可选示例如图15a、图15b和图15c所示，可以作为作战隔离墙、作战屏障等使用。二维是将高强单元板通过扩展，形成面，可选示例如图16a、图16b和图16c所示，可以用于隔离墙、防弹顶棚、贵宾通道等使用。三维是将高强单元板连接成空间，形成立体，可选示例如图17所示。进一步的，可在一面或者多面留有防爆门或者窗，可以用于多功能防弹防爆容器、移动庇护所、守卫岗亭、观察塔、瞭望塔、战机机库、装甲车车库等。上述除了防爆围栏使用泄爆口外，其他的均不用泄爆口。
优选的，所述多块高强单元板中至少二块相邻的高强单元板可拆卸式连接，任意二块相邻的高强单元板之间，可采用本申请实施方案提供的任一种可拆卸式连接方式连接，高强单元板的可选结构以及可拆卸式连接方式等，可参见本申请实施例其他部分的记载，在此不再赘述。采用该方案得到的防护产品具有操作简单、可拆卸、便于运输和组装、防爆性能好等优点；此外，由于不同情形下防爆范围、危险品或爆炸物大小等不尽相同，采用本申请实施例提供技术方案，选择合适数量的高强单元板灵活组装成满足不同情形下实际防爆要求规格的防护产品，甚至对于不便于移动的危险品或爆炸物，也可围绕该危险品或爆炸物将多块高强单元板两两连接为一筒形以形成防护产品如防爆围栏进行安全防护，因此，本申请实施方案提供的防护产品应用广泛，可满足多样化的实际防爆应用需求。在实际应用中，可根据不同的防护需求，基于本申请实施方案提供的高强单元板组装成满足不同需求的防护产品。下面不妨举例进行说明，但以下例子仅为示例性说明。
(一)防爆围栏
如图1a和图1b或图18a和图18b所示，防爆围栏由多块高强单元板1两两可拆卸式连接为一筒形而得。使用时，可危险品或爆炸物置于防爆围栏内(如置于防爆围栏中心位置)，这样，当危险品或爆炸物爆炸时，防爆围栏可有效抵御爆炸冲击波，减小甚至避免危险品 或爆炸物爆炸对爆炸场地周围的场所、设施、人员等造成的损害。本申请提供的防爆围栏具有操作简单、可拆卸、便于运输和组装、防爆性能好等优点；此外，由于不同情形下防爆范围、危险品或爆炸物大小等不尽相同，采用本申请实施方案，选择合适数量的高强单元板灵活组装成满足不同情形下实际防爆要求规格的防爆围栏，甚至对于不便于移动的危险品或爆炸物，也可围绕该危险品或爆炸物将多块高强单元板两两连接为一筒形以形成一防爆围栏进行安全防护。
(二)防护隔离墙
将本申请实施方案的高强单元板可拆卸组装可形成防护隔离墙。其中，可选的，所述高强单元板由某种原材料制造，单元板两侧通孔根据均分不对称方式(其他方式均可)进行裁切。上下左右每两块高强单元板销孔处为凹凸配合，并由连接销连接，上下两排高强单元板之间连接螺母拧紧连接销，将两排高强单元板组成一个整体，并在放置时成一定角度使其稳固，呈锯齿状，如图19a和图19b所示。所述防护隔离墙可以防御炸药引爆后产生的爆轰波。实际应用中，可将防护隔离墙置于救援抢修人员外侧处时，可在150m外防御150Kg爆炸物的冲击波及250m外防御250Kg炸弹的冲击波和破片杀伤，不会发生散架破坏，对防护隔离墙内侧人员不会受到伤害，同时，该装置可以实现快速组装与拆卸，可靠便捷。
(三)防御工事
目前，国内外的防御工事均无法有效抵御高速射弹和炮弹的威胁，而由高强单元板通过一定的连接方式可搭建构筑各种防御工事，以保护工事内人员、车辆、设备的安全，如油罐的保护、医疗设施的保护、站岗人员和作战人员的保护、车辆的保护、战机的保护及其他基础设施的保护等。产品如战机机库、装甲车和其他战车车库、岗楼等。
(四)集装箱
目前的集装箱均为钢结构搭建而成，而用高强单元板连接而成的集装箱能够大大提高其防弹防爆性能，可满足重要物品的运输和安全需求。
应当说明的是，本申请实施例提供的各技术方案可独立实施，也可将不同得到技术方案组合实施，这些不同的实施方式均属于本申请 实施方案的保护范围。下面结合应用实施例进一步说明本申请实施方案，可以理解，以下应用实施例仅为示例性说明，不应理解为对本申请实施方案的实质性限制。
实施例
在下面实施例中，高强单元板的尺寸、防爆围栏的规格以及测试条件如下。高强度单元板材尺寸：高720mm，宽716mm，厚度22-24mm之间，通孔内径为φ24mm。将10块高强单元板可拆卸组装成正十边形防爆围栏，炸弹位于十边形中心位置。由于目前难以寻找到具有2KgTNT当量的测试用炸弹，因此性能考察标准分解成两种：2KgTNT当量炸药模拟炸弹的冲击波能量，防爆围栏不发生解体和明显变形即为合格；M16枪发射的SS109钢芯弹，10米射距，弹速920±20m/s，每块样板平均分布测试11发，全部不穿透即为合格。二者结合测试，既可以测试防爆围栏抗击爆轰的能力，又可以测试防爆围栏抵御炸弹破片的能力。所用无纬布是将多层单向布按照十字交叉形成具有0°/90°角度交叉变化的多层布。
应用实施例1
采用高强度超高分子量聚乙烯条带为原料制备得到克重100g/m2的无纬布，取220层无纬布，采用板式缠绕热压固结方式(热压条件为：温度125℃，压力22MPa)得到高强单元板，结构如图3a所示。对高强单元板两侧形成的通孔部位经过均分对称切割方式得到如图5a或图5b所示的板材，板材间的连接方式采用高强金属插杆连接，如图9所示，插杆底部用螺栓加以固定。多块高强单元板如此两两连接，即可得到防爆围栏。
经过测试，所述防爆围栏可承受SS109弹的多次弹击和至少2KgTNT当量炸药的威胁而不发生解体和明显变形。
应用实施例2
采用高强度超高分子量聚乙烯条带为原料制备得到克重90g/m2的无纬布，取240层无纬布，采用筒式缠绕热压固结方式(热压条件为：温度125℃，压力22MPa)得到高强单元板，结构如图3a所示。对高强单元板两侧形成的通孔部位经过均分不对称切割方式得到如图6所示的板材，板材间的连接方式采用高强金属插杆连接，如图 10所示，插杆底部用螺栓加以固定。多块高强单元板如此两两连接，即可得到防爆围栏。
经过测试，所述防爆围栏可承受SS109弹的多次弹击和至少1.9KgTNT当量炸药的威胁而不发生解体和明显变形。
应用实施例3
采用高强度超高分子量聚乙烯条带为原料制备得到克重90g/m2的无纬布，取240层无纬布，采用履带式缠绕收卷热压固结方式(热压条件为：温度130℃，压力22MPa)，得到高强单元板，结构如图3a所示。对高强单元板两侧形成的通孔部位经过不均分对称切割方式得到如图7所示的板材，板材间的连接方式采用高强金属异型件和插杆，如图12所示，异型件选用∞字型，插杆底部用螺栓加以固定。多块高强单元板如此两两连接，即可得到防爆围栏。
经过测试，所述防爆围栏可承受SS109弹的多次弹击和至少1.8KgTNT当量炸药的威胁而不发生解体和明显变形。
应用实施例4
采用高强度超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为原料制备得到克重120g/m2的无纬布，取180层无纬布，采用板式缠绕热压固结方式(热压条件为：温度128℃，压力21MPa)得到高强单元板，结构如图3a所示。对高强单元板两侧形成的通孔部位经过不均分不对称切割方式得到如图8所示的板材，板材间的连接方式采用高强金属插杆，如图11所示，插杆底部用螺栓加以固定。多块高强单元板如此两两连接，即可得到防爆围栏。
经过测试，所述防爆围栏可承受SS109弹的多次弹击和至少1.8KgTNT当量炸药的威胁而不发生解体和明显变形。
应用实施例5
采用高强度超高分子量聚乙烯条带为原料制备得到克重100g/m2的无纬布，取220层无纬布，采用筒式缠绕热压固结方式(热压条件为：温度128℃，压力21MPa)得到高强单元板(弧形)，结构如图3b所示。对高强单元板两侧形成的通孔部位经过均分对称方式切割，板材间的连接方式采用高强金属插杆，插杆底部用螺栓加以固定。多块高强单元板如此两两连接，即可得到防爆围栏，防爆围栏结构如图 1a所示。
经过测试，所述防爆围栏可承受SS109弹的多次弹击和至少2KgTNT当量炸药的威胁而不发生解体和明显变形。
应用实施例6
防爆围栏用的高强单元板采用以超高分子量聚乙烯条带为原料的克重90g/m2的无纬布制备：取240层该无纬布，采用板式缠绕热压固结方式(热压条件为：温度125℃，压力20MPa)得到高强单元板。多块高强单元板如此两两连接，以分别组装二个内外圈设的双层防爆围栏，双层防爆围栏结构如图13a所示。其中，内外围栏结构相近，连接方式基本相同，外围栏高度低于内围栏高度的50％，内围栏和外围栏采用应用实施例1-5中任一种防爆围栏结构，外围栏泄爆口可有可无，内围栏和外围栏之间的间距为1m。
经过测试，所述防爆围栏可承受SS109弹的多次弹击和至少2KgTNT当量炸药的威胁而不发生解体和明显变形。
应用实施例7
将255层面密度为88g/m2的超高分子量聚乙烯带材无纬布中空缠绕(板式缠绕)成面密度为22.5Kg/m2的层合物，再将层合物热压固结(热压条件为：温度132℃，压力23MPa)得到高强单元板，外观如图2所示。所得高强单元板的中间部分的平均厚度为22-24mm。
对该高强单元板进行性能测试，测试条件为：室外，温度在5℃左右，共射击11发SS109弹，10m射距全部防住，弹速在900-950m/s，效果照片请见图26所示。可以看到，弹击后，该高强单元板分层少，背部鼓包小，高强单元板变形很小，因此具有卓越的防弹性能。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种防弹防爆高强单元板，包括由多层织物、单向布、无纬布或其组合中空缠绕多圈并热压形成的高强单元板本体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的高强单元板，其特征在于，所述高强单元板本体的两端分别设有与所述高强单元板本体一体形成的通孔，所述高强单元板本体的中间部分密实。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的高强单元板，其特征在于，所述织物、所述单向布和所述无纬布中的至少之一由以下材料中的一种或多种混杂制得：玄武岩纤维、玻璃纤维、芳纶纤维、碳纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯带材。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的高强单元板，其特征在于，至少一个所述通孔内有支撑部。
  5. 根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的高强单元板，其特征在于，至少一个所述通孔的内壁有离型层或隔离层。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的高强单元板，其特征在于，所述高强单元板的至少一侧复合有高模材料层，优选所述高模材料层包括陶瓷板或金属板。
  7. 根据权利要求2至6中任一项所述的高强单元板，其特征在于，所述高强单元板每侧包括至少一段通孔，优选所述至少一段通孔呈均分对称式分布、均分不对称式分布、不均分对称式分布或者不均分不对称式分布。
  8. 一种防弹防爆高强单元板的制备方法，包括：
    将织物、单向布、无纬布或其组合中空缠绕多圈以形成层合物；
    将所述层合物热压在一起，得所述高强单元板；或者
    在所述层合物的两端内侧分别设有支撑部的状态下，将所述层合物至少部分的中间部位热压在一起，以使热压后所述层合物的中部密 实且两端形成通孔，得所述高强单元板。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述将织物、单向布、无纬布或其组合中空缠绕多圈以形成层合物的步骤包括以下任一种：
    采用板式折叠收卷的方式将所述织物、单向布和/或无纬布绕板缠绕以形成所述层合物；或
    采用筒式卷取的方式将所述织物、单向布和/或无纬布绕筒缠绕以形成所述层合物；或
    采用履带式缠绕收卷的方式将所述织物、单向布和/或无纬布缠绕收卷以形成所述层合物。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述热压的温度范围为60-200℃，压力范围为1-40MPa。
  11. 一种防护产品，其特征在于，所述防护产品由多块如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的高强单元板或者如权利要求8至10中任一项所述方法得到的高强单元板组装而得，优选由所述高强单元板可拆卸式组装而得。
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