Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/00064—Constructional details of the endoscope body
  • A61B1/00071—Insertion part of the endoscope body
  • A61B1/0008—Insertion part of the endoscope body characterised by distal tip features
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/00131—Accessories for endoscopes
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
  • A61B5/0507—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves using microwaves or terahertz waves
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
  • A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
  • A61B5/6847—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive mounted on an invasive device
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
  • A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
  • A61B5/6847—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive mounted on an invasive device
  • A61B5/6852—Catheters
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
  • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
  • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
  • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
  • H01Q1/273—Adaptation for carrying or wearing by persons or animals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
  • A61B2562/04—Arrangements of multiple sensors of the same type
  • A61B2562/043—Arrangements of multiple sensors of the same type in a linear array
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
  • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
  • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
  • H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
  • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
  • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
  • H01Q1/525—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between emitting and receiving antennas

Definitions

• the present invention is directed, in general, to the field of medical systems for treating diseases.
• the invention relates to a medical system, and to a device, based on microwave technology for prevention and diagnosis of diseases such as cancers, for example colorectal cancers, among other pathologies.
• microwave imaging Another non-invasive emerging technique is microwave imaging. This technique does not rely on optical images. Microwave signals penetrate light opaque materials and operate a new contrast mechanism based on the dielectric properties of the tissues. Each tissue has its own dielectric properties that vary according to their conditions (hypoxia, ischemia, neoplasm, etc.). Microwave imaging systems can sense the dielectric properties of the human body and obtain an image of the tissue distribution and their pathological conditions without requiring direct contact. Microwaves are applied in the field of medicine since the 80s for both treatment (hyperthermia and ablation) and diagnosis. Breast cancer and cerebral hemorrhage detection are the most well-known applications.
• microwave imaging systems can provide information in many endoscopic or catheter- based mapping applications as in a colonoscopy or in the heart electro-anatomic mapping.
• US-A1 -2013345541 discloses an electrosurgical system for imaging and interrogating tissue.
• the electrosurgical system includes an energy source configured to generate a first energy and an electrosurgical instrument comprising a transmission line coupled to the energy source and configured to emit the first energy.
• a mirror reflects the first energy towards a target tissue that emits a second energy.
• An ultrasonic transducer receives the second energy from the target tissue and converts the second energy into an electrical signal.
• a controller receives the electrical signal and converts the electrical signal into an image.
• the electrosurgical system of this patent application does not include arrays of transmitter and receiver antennas which are working sequentially for transmitting a first energy and for detecting a second energy signals.
• EP-B1 -1121046 discloses a method of treatment using implantable devices that comprises implanting into the body of a human or a non-human animal a rectenna capable of receiving electromagnetic radiation in the microwave frequency range and of generating and/or storing electrical energy therefrom; and an electrically operated therapeutic device arranged to receive electrical energy from said rectenna; and directing electromagnetic radiation in the microwave frequency range from a source external to the body being treated towards the position of the implanted rectenna so as to generate electrical energy to actuate said therapeutic device.
• this patent does not execute a sequential selection of pairs of transmitting and receiving antennas to transmit energy signals to the tissue and to detect the energy signal scattered by said tissue.
• WO-A2-2014149183 discloses a system including a microwave antenna probe for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals to detect one or more markers that are implanted within or around the target tissue region.
• the marker(s) are implanted into a target tissue region, and the microwave antenna probe is placed against the patient's skin to transmit a signal to the marker(s) and to receive the reflected signal from the marker(s) in order to determine the location of the marker(s).
• the means transmitting the microwave signals does not comprise two arrays of N transmitter and N receiver antennas, nor comprises an internal unit having feeding and multiplexing means in connection with said N transmitter and N receiver antennas, for providing, under the control of a controller a continuous sequential selection of different pairs of transmitter and receiver antennas to perform the transmission of the microwave signal and the detection of the scattered microwave signal.
• WO-A2-2013005134 discloses methods and systems to image an object of interest using one or more probes, particularly by delivering electromagnetic energy (e.g., microwave energy) using a transmitting antenna to the object while activating a probe to interact with the scattered field and sampling the resulting scattered field using one or more receiving antennas. The sampled electromagnetic energy may then be used to reconstruct an image of the object.
• electromagnetic energy e.g., microwave energy
• various antenna configurations e.g., changing over time
• a medical system based on microwave technology for prevention and diagnosis of diseases comprising as commonly in the field, an internal unit which, in use, is introduced within a body passage of a patient (e.g. the colon, the stomach, the esophagus, the trachea, etc.), including means for transmitting a first energy signal to one or more body tissues and for detecting a second energy signal scattered by said one or more tissues; and an external computing unit (e.g. a personal computer (PC), a Smartphone, etc.) which, in use, is located outside the body of the patient and connected with said internal unit to receive said second energy signal detected by said internal unit and to convert said received second energy signal into an image.
• an external computing unit e.g. a personal computer (PC), a Smartphone, etc.
• the means for transmitting a first energy signal and for detecting a second energy signal of the internal unit comprises two arrays of N transmitter and N receiver antennas, said first and second energy signals comprising microwave signals (from about 3 to about 10 GHz).
• the internal unit also includes feeding and multiplexing means in connection with said N transmitter and N receiver antennas and with said external computing unit, for providing, under the control of a controller located in said external computing unit, a continuous sequential selection of different pairs of transmitter and receiver antennas to perform the transmission of the microwave signal and the detection of the scattered microwave signal.
• the N transmitter and N receiver antennas and the feeding and multiplexing means are arranged on a same electronic substrate having two faces, the N transmitter (preferably at least four) and N receiver (preferably at least four) antennas being positioned on one of said two faces and the feeding and multiplexing means being positioned on the other face.
• the internal unit also includes a protective shell for protection of the two arrays of N transmitter and N receiver antennas and the feeding and multiplexing means.
• the protective shell is made of biocompatible materials and is designed to achieve a good tightness and resistance to disinfectants used in high-grade disinfection processes.
• the internal unit is of a cylindrical shape to be coupled to an endoscope tube or catheter tube.
• each of said N transmitter antennas and each of said N receiver antennas is connected to a radiofrequency switch by means of radiofrequency (RF) transmission lines.
• RF radiofrequency
• the N transmitter and N receiver antennas are positioned at a distance of at least half a wavelength.
• the external computing unit may be connected to the feeding and multiplexing means either via a wireless connection or via a wired connection including an optical fiber connection or a coaxial cable, among others.
• a battery can be also used to feed the antennas.
• the controller of the external computing unit is configured to select at each continuous sequential selection a single pair of transmitter and receiver antennas.
• Other embodiments of the invention that are disclosed herein include also a device based on microwave technology for prevention and diagnosis of diseases, said device being configured to be coupled to an endoscope or catheter tube and comprising means for or to be controlled by an external computing device (e.g. a PC, a Smartphone, a notebook, a tablet, etc.).
• an external computing device e.g. a PC, a Smartphone, a notebook, a tablet, etc.
• FIG. 1 illustrates in a simplified way a medical system based on microwave technology for prevention and diagnosis of diseases according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• Fig 2 is a schematic block diagram illustrating some of the units/modules provided by the proposed medical system according to the teachings of present invention. Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments
• Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the proposed architecture of the medical system of the invention for prevention and diagnosis of diseases such as cancers, among any other pathologies/diseases.
• present invention comprises an internal unit 10, preferably of a cylindrical shape (not limitative as other geometric shapes are also possible) that can be coupled to an endoscope or catheter tube 14, to be introduced, in use, within a body passage (or internal area) of a patient (not illustrated) such as the colon, the stomach, the esophagus, the trachea, etc., and an external computing unit 20 such as a PC operatively connected to the internal unit 10 for signal generation 23, signal receiving 22, storage, processing 24 and display 25 (see Fig. 2).
• an internal unit 10 preferably of a cylindrical shape (not limitative as other geometric shapes are also possible) that can be coupled to an endoscope or catheter tube 14, to be introduced, in use, within a body passage (or internal area) of a patient (not illustrated) such as the colon, the stomach, the esophagus, the trachea, etc.
• an external computing unit 20 such as a PC operatively connected to the internal unit 10 for signal generation 23, signal receiving 22, storage, processing 24 and display 25 (see
• the internal unit 10 comprises one linear array of four transmitter antennas 1 1T configured and arranged for transmitting a microwave signal (or signals) to one or more body tissues of the patient, a linear array of four receiver antennas 11 R configured and arranged for detecting a microwave signal (or signals) scattered by the one or more body tissues, feeding and multiplexing means 12 in connection with the four transmitter and receiver antennas 11T, 11 R and with the external computing unit 20, and a protective shell 13 enclosing the antennas 1 1T, 1 1 R and the feeding and multiplexing means 12.
• the three parts of the internal unit 10 i.e. the two linear arrays of transmitter and receiver antennas 1 1T, 11 R, the feeding and multiplexing means 12 and the protective shell 13) are specifically designed taking into account important constraints of size and reprocessing of medical devices.
• the two linear arrays of transmitter and receiver antennas 11T, 1 1 R are printed on a top layer of an electronic substrate and the feeding and multiplexing means 12 on the bottom layer of said electronic substrate.
• the receiving array 1 1 R is set below the transmitting array 11T, has the same characteristics and is separated at a distance of at least half a wavelength to reduce the coupling between the arrays of antennas.
• the transmitter and receiver antennas 1T, 11 R are preferably compact printed slots.
• the feeding and multiplexing means 12 are composed by a Radiofrequency (RF) switch 12A and N RF transmission lines 12B for each array of transmitter 11T and receiver 11 R antennas.
• RF Radiofrequency
• the outer protective shell 13 is designed to achieve good sealing and resistance to disinfectants used in the process of high-level disinfection. It has to be noted that even the embodiment of Fig. 1 comprises only four transmitter 1 1T and four receiver antennas 1 1 R present invention is not limited to this configuration, as other amount of pairs of antennas are also possible, for instance a configuration 2x2 (two transmitter and two receiver antennas), 3x3 (three transmitter and three receiver antennas), 5x5 (five transmitter and five receiver antennas), 8x8 (eight transmitter and eight receiver antennas), among others. Equally, even though in the embodiment of Fig. 1 the array is a linear array, other array configuration may be also possible without departing from the scope of protection of present invention.
• the body tissue has to be irradiated from all the directions (360°).
• the transmitter and receiver antennas 11T, 11 R are controlled by a controller 21 (see Fig. 2), such as a micro-controller, of the external computing device 20, through the feeding and multiplexing means 12, i.e. through the RF switches 12A and RF transmission lines 12B, to perform the emission and detection of microwave signals via a continuous selection.
• the controller 21 continuously selects pairs of antennas (transmitter- receiver) for performing the microwave signal emission and the microwave signal detection.
• a single pair of transmitter-receiver antennas 11T, 1 1 R is selected, repeating the process until enough signals are collected to form the image of the irradiated body tissue.
• the generation of the microwave signal and the selection of the transmitting and receiving antennas 1 1T, 11 R is performed automatically and synchronized with the transmission and acquisition by the external computing device 20.
• the microwave signals are generated by the external computing device 20 and delivered to the internal unit 10 by means of a wired connection including a thin coaxial cable 30 along the endoscope or catheter tube 14 as illustrated in Fig. 1.
• the wired connection instead of said coaxial cable 30 may include a fiber optical cable.
• the scattered signals received by the external computing unit 20 from the receiver antennas 1 1 R are processed with microwave image reconstruction algorithms including frequency and time-domain dielectric property estimation methods, radar methods or tomographic imaging.
• Microwave information will be combined with the existing endoscopic visualization tools providing all the available data with the same interface, which can include video, microwave imaging, endoscope tracking, and previous CT imaging.
• the microwave signals generated by the external computing device 20 are delivered to the internal unit 10 via wireless technology (i.e. no cables are present between the external computing device 20 and the internal unit 10).
• the transmitting signal is multiplexed and delivered to the transmitting antennas 11T through the feeding and multiplexing means 12.
• the invention further refers to a device 10, preferably of a cylindrical shape, which in use, is introduced within a body passage of a patient (e.g. the colon) and configured and adapted to work with microwave technology (approximately 3 to 10 GHz) for prevention and diagnosis of diseases.
• the device 10 comprises two arrays of N transmitter and N receiver antennas 1 1T, 11 R which, in use, are configured to emit, by the transmitter antennas 1 1 R, a first microwave signal to one or more body tissues and to detect, by the receiver antennas 1 1 R, a second microwave signal scattered by said one or more body tissues; and feeding and multiplexing means 12 in connection with said N transmitter and N receiver antennas 1 1T, 11 R and with an external computing unit 20 such as a PC.
• an external computing unit 20 such as a PC.

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• 2016
  • 2016-01-20 ES ES16152033T patent/ES2729990T3/es active Active
  • 2016-01-20 EP EP16152033.3A patent/EP3195786B1/en active Active
• 2017
  • 2017-01-13 JP JP2018536446A patent/JP6815405B2/ja active Active
  • 2017-01-13 WO PCT/IB2017/000011 patent/WO2017125807A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2017-01-13 US US16/071,130 patent/US11337618B2/en active Active

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