WO2017124868A1 - 一种获得全景图像的方法和装置 - Google Patents

一种获得全景图像的方法和装置 Download PDF

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WO2017124868A1
WO2017124868A1 PCT/CN2016/111043 CN2016111043W WO2017124868A1 WO 2017124868 A1 WO2017124868 A1 WO 2017124868A1 CN 2016111043 W CN2016111043 W CN 2016111043W WO 2017124868 A1 WO2017124868 A1 WO 2017124868A1
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image
fisheye
pixel
panoramic
value
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PCT/CN2016/111043
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English (en)
French (fr)
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路鹏
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北京疯景科技有限公司
北京小米移动软件有限公司
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Publication of WO2017124868A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017124868A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/50Constructional details
    • H04N23/54Mounting of pick-up tubes, electronic image sensors, deviation or focusing coils
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/60Control of cameras or camera modules
    • H04N23/698Control of cameras or camera modules for achieving an enlarged field of view, e.g. panoramic image capture
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/90Arrangement of cameras or camera modules, e.g. multiple cameras in TV studios or sports stadiums
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/95Computational photography systems, e.g. light-field imaging systems
    • H04N23/951Computational photography systems, e.g. light-field imaging systems by using two or more images to influence resolution, frame rate or aspect ratio

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  • the present invention relates to the field of image processing technologies, and in particular, to a method and apparatus for acquiring a panoramic image.
  • panoramic video can provide users with a full range of perspectives and immersive video viewing experience, it has become a hot spot for virtual reality and video playback.
  • the existing panoramic video image acquisition device usually consists of multiple lenses and cameras, which is costly and inconvenient for the user.
  • the invention provides a method for acquiring a panoramic image, the method comprising:
  • each of the two sets of imaging units includes a fisheye lens and an image sensor, and the image sensor Converting light through the fisheye lens into an electrical signal;
  • the cropped first fisheye image and the second fisheye image are spliced into a third fisheye image; the third fisheye image is expanded into a panoramic image.
  • the method further includes:
  • the panoramic image is compressed to obtain the compressed panoramic image.
  • the cropping the first fisheye image and the second fisheye image into a predetermined size image respectively includes:
  • the first fisheye image and the second fisheye image are respectively cropped according to a predetermined size, and the first fisheye image and the second fisheye image are cropped into an image of a predetermined size.
  • the splicing the cropped first fisheye image and the second fisheye image into the third fisheye image includes:
  • the cropped first fisheye image and the second fisheye image are placed side by side into the third fisheye image, and the third fisheye image has an aspect ratio of 2:1.
  • the expanding the third fisheye image into a panoramic image comprises: acquiring a pre-stored coordinate lookup table
  • the first pixel point is one of a plurality of columns of pixels adjacent to the first fisheye image and the second fisheye image, and the first pixel is before the pixel value is used as the pixel value of the second pixel in the panoramic image, the method further includes:
  • weighting the pixel value of the first pixel point by using a weighting value to obtain a weighted pixel value of the first pixel point, where the weighting value is from the column to which the first pixel point belongs to the first fisheye Determining an image and a distance of an edge of the image adjacent to the second fisheye image, wherein
  • Taking the pixel value of the first pixel as the pixel value of the second pixel in the panoramic image includes:
  • the weighted pixel value of the first pixel is used as the pixel value of the second pixel.
  • the present invention also provides an apparatus for acquiring a panoramic image, the apparatus comprising: two sets of imaging units disposed oppositely, wherein
  • Each of the two sets of imaging units includes a fisheye lens and an image sensor
  • the image sensor converts light transmitted through the fisheye lens into an electrical signal.
  • the optical axes of the two sets of imaging units are coincident, the imaging planes of the two image sensors are parallel and the four sides of the imaging plane are coincident, the angle of view of the fisheye lens is greater than 180 degrees, and The diameter of the imaging circle of the fisheye lens is smaller than the height of the image output by the image sensor.
  • the panoramic image device further includes: an image processing transmission unit, the image processing transmission unit includes: a cropping and splicing unit, an image processing unit, an image compression unit, and an input and output unit;
  • the cropping and splicing unit receives the first fisheye image and the second fisheye image output by the graphic sensor of the two sets of imaging units, respectively cutting the first fisheye image and the second fisheye image Forming an image of a predetermined size, and splicing the cropped first fisheye image and the second fisheye image into a third fisheye image, and outputting the third fisheye image to the image processing unit ;
  • the image processing unit receives the third fisheye image output by the cropping unit, and expands the third fisheye image into a panoramic image, and outputs the panoramic image to the image compression unit;
  • the image compression unit receives the panoramic image output by the image processing unit, and compresses the panoramic image, and outputs the compressed panoramic image to the input/output unit;
  • the input/output unit receives the compressed panoramic image output by the image compression unit.
  • the device further includes: an image buffer unit, configured to store the third fish output by the cropping and splicing unit An eye image and the panoramic image output by the image processing unit;
  • An audio collection unit that collects an audio signal and transmits the audio signal to the image compression unit
  • the image compression unit further compresses the audio signal.
  • the method and device for acquiring a panoramic image provided by the above technical solution can collect two fisheye images through two oppositely placed imaging units and splicing them to form a panoramic image, thereby reducing cost and facilitating user use.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for acquiring a panoramic image according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first fisheye image and a second fisheye image acquired by an imaging unit
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of a panoramic image
  • Figure 4 is another schematic view of a panoramic image
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for acquiring a panoramic image according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a position of a device for acquiring a panoramic image with respect to a shooting environment according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of an input and output module.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method 100 for acquiring a panoramic image according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method 100 as shown in FIG. 1 includes:
  • the first fisheye image and the second fisheye image are respectively cut into images of a predetermined size
  • each of the two sets of imaging units includes a fisheye lens and an image sensor.
  • the two image sensors are placed back to back, and the image sensor converts the light that passes through the lens into an electrical signal.
  • the angle of view of the fisheye lens placed before the image sensor is greater than 180 degrees, and the scenes of the left and right hemispheres can be respectively projected as an image with a circular effective area. Since the aspect ratio of the image sensor is 4:3, the diameter of the imaging circle of the fisheye lens is smaller than the height of the image output by the image sensor.
  • the method 100 further includes:
  • the panoramic image is compressed to obtain a compressed panoramic image.
  • the above embodiment provides a method for acquiring a panoramic image, and two fisheye images are collected by two oppositely placed imaging units, and are stitched together to form a panoramic image, thereby reducing cost and facilitating user use.
  • a method for acquiring a panoramic image provided by the embodiment may also acquire a panoramic video.
  • 120 may include:
  • the first fisheye image and the second fisheye image are respectively cropped according to a predetermined size, and the first fisheye image and the second fisheye image are cropped into an image of a predetermined size.
  • each image f(x, y) has a width W and a height H.
  • the following processing is performed: the center of the imaging circle (xc, yc) is translated to the center position (W/2, H/2) of the fisheye image according to the pre-calibrated parameters, and then the fisheye image is cropped to H*H The size of the fisheye image H(x', y'), where
  • H(x', y') f(x'-xc+W/2, y'-yc+H/2).
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a first fisheye image and a second fisheye image in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the first fisheye image 51 and the second fisheye image 52.
  • 130 may be: placing the cropped first fisheye image and the second fisheye image side by side into a third fisheye image, and the aspect ratio of the third fisheye image is 2:1.
  • the first fisheye image and the second fisheye image which are cropped to the H*H size, are placed side by side, and are stitched into a third fisheye image with an aspect ratio of 2:1.
  • 140 may include: acquiring a pre-stored coordinate lookup table;
  • the second fisheye image 52 may be expanded into a second half panoramic image 62, placed at the center of the panoramic image 6, and the first fisheye image 51 is expanded into a first half panoramic image 61. It is divided into left and right halves and placed on both sides of the panoramic image 6.
  • the first pixel is any pixel in the third fisheye image, that is, each pixel in the third fisheye image needs to be included in the above 140 step.
  • the second pixel is a pixel point in the panoramic image that is the same as the pixel value of the first pixel.
  • the size of the coordinate lookup table and its coordinate parameter value may be determined by the parameters of the image sensor, the parameters of the lens, and the size of the panoramic image to be finally output.
  • the method for acquiring a panoramic image provided by the above embodiment can quickly expand the fisheye image to form a panoramic image by using a coordinate lookup table, and achieve the purpose of real-time processing.
  • first pixel point is one of the plurality of columns of pixels adjacent to the first fisheye image and the second fisheye image in the third fisheye image
  • 140 is specifically:
  • the weighted pixel value of the first pixel is taken as the pixel value of the second pixel.
  • the above method can make the quality of the stitched panoramic image higher, and can perform weighted averaging on the pixel values of the plurality of columns of pixels adjacent to 61 and 62.
  • the image heights of the first half panoramic image and the second half panoramic image are H
  • the width is H+24
  • the first half panoramic image and the second half panoramic image have sides on each side. 12 columns of coincident areas.
  • the pixels in the first half of the panoramic image and the second half of the panoramic image are multiplied by the respective weighting coefficients and added to obtain a panoramic image.
  • the method for acquiring a panoramic image eliminates the synchronization problem between the imaging units by simultaneously controlling the imaging of the two imaging units, and at the same time, eliminates the weighted average of the pixels adjacent to the two images.
  • the problem of seamwork is obvious when splicing, so that the quality of the panoramic image is higher.
  • a technical solution for obtaining a panoramic image according to an embodiment of the present invention is described in detail above with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 , and a device for acquiring a panoramic image according to an embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to FIG. 2 to FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for acquiring a panoramic image according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention also provides an apparatus for acquiring a panoramic image, the apparatus comprising: two sets of imaging units disposed oppositely, wherein each of the two sets of imaging units comprises a fisheye lens and an image sensor; the image sensor will be transparent Light passing through the fisheye lens is converted into an electrical signal.
  • one of the two sets of imaging units includes the first fisheye lens and the first image sensor, and the other constituent image unit includes the second fisheye lens and the second image sensor.
  • the first image sensor 12 and the second image sensor 13 in the imaging unit 1 are placed back to back, and the image sensor may be a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) image sensor or a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) image. sensor.
  • the first fisheye lens 11 and the second fisheye lens 14 are placed in front of the left and right image sensors, respectively.
  • the optical axes of the two sets of imaging units coincide, and during the installation process, the imaging planes of the two sensors are parallel and the four sides coincide.
  • the angle of view of the selected fisheye lens is greater than 180 degrees.
  • a fisheye lens with a field angle of 185 degrees may be used, or an angle of view may be selected. It is a 190 degree fisheye lens.
  • the imaging of the two imaging units will have a 2.5-degree coincidence angle of view. If a 190-degree lens is used, the imaging of the two imaging units will have a 5-degree coincidence angle of view.
  • the imaging of the fisheye lens exceeding 180 degrees is circular, and the aspect ratio of the general image sensor is 4:3, it is necessary to make the height of the image output by the image sensor larger than the diameter of the imaging circle of the fisheye lens. .
  • the apparatus for acquiring a panoramic image collects two fisheye images through two oppositely placed imaging units and splices them to form a panoramic image, thereby reducing cost and facilitating user use.
  • a device for acquiring a panoramic image provided by the embodiment may also acquire a panoramic video.
  • the first fisheye lens 11 of the imaging unit 1 is capable of imaging the first hemispherical region 41 around the device.
  • the second fisheye lens 14 in the imaging unit 1 is capable of imaging the second hemispherical region 42 around the device.
  • the first fisheye image 51 output by the first image sensor has an aspect ratio of 4:3, which can be complete.
  • the second fisheye image 52 output by the second image sensor has an aspect ratio of 4:3.
  • the height of the fisheye images 51 and 52 is greater than the diameter of the imaging circle.
  • the contour lines of the building in the imaging circle become curved.
  • the apparatus may further include an image processing transmission unit 2.
  • the image processing transmission unit 2 includes a crop splicing unit 21, an image processing unit 22, an image compressing unit 23, and an input and output unit 24.
  • the cropping and splicing unit 21 receives the first fisheye image 51 and the second fisheye image 52 output by the graphic sensors 12 and 13 of the two groups of imaging units 1, and cuts the first fisheye image 51 and the second fisheye image 52 into An image of a predetermined size, and splicing the cropped first fisheye image 51 and the second fisheye image 52 into a third fisheye image, and outputting the third fisheye image to the image processing unit 22;
  • the image processing unit 22 receives the third fisheye image output by the crop splicing unit 21, and expands the third fisheye image into a panoramic image 6, and outputs the panoramic image 6 to the image compression unit 23;
  • the image compression unit 23 receives the panoramic image 6 output by the image processing unit 22, and compresses the panoramic image 6, and outputs the compressed panoramic image 6 to the input and output unit 24;
  • the input/output unit 24 receives the compressed panoramic image 6 output from the image compressing unit 23.
  • the image processing unit 22 may sequentially scan the coordinate lookup table, and obtain the coordinate search table and the horizontal coordinate value according to the abscissa value and the ordinate value of the first pixel point in the third fisheye image. a second abscissa value and a second ordinate value matched with the ordinate value, the pixel value of the first pixel point is taken as the pixel value of the second pixel point in the panoramic image, wherein the abscissa value of the second pixel point is The second abscissa value is the same, and the ordinate value of the second pixel point is the same as the second ordinate value, thereby forming an expanded panoramic image.
  • the second fisheye image 52 is expanded into a second half panoramic image 62, placed at the center of the panoramic image 6, and the first fisheye image 51 is expanded into a first half panoramic image 61, which is divided into left and right.
  • the two halves are placed on both sides of the panoramic image 6, respectively.
  • the above device can make the quality of the stitched panoramic image higher, and can perform weighted averaging on the pixel values of the plurality of columns of pixels adjacent to 61 and 62.
  • the image heights of the first half panoramic image and the second half panoramic image are H
  • the width is H+24
  • the first half panoramic image and the second half panoramic image have sides on each side. 12 columns of coincident areas.
  • the pixels in the first half of the panoramic image and the second half of the panoramic image are multiplied by the respective weighting coefficients and added to obtain a panoramic image.
  • the implementation of the functions of the other units included in the image processing transmission unit 2 corresponds to the steps 120-140 included in the method 100 shown in FIG. 1.
  • the steps 120-140 included in the method 100 shown in FIG. 1 For brevity of description, details are not described herein again.
  • the apparatus for acquiring a panoramic image provided by the above embodiment eliminates the synchronization problem between the imaging units by simultaneously controlling the imaging of the two imaging units, and at the same time, the weighted average of the pixels adjacent to the two images by the image processing unit The problem of obvious seam stitching during splicing is eliminated, so that the quality of forming a panoramic image is higher.
  • the device may further include: an image buffer unit 3.
  • the image buffer unit 3 can store the third fisheye image output by the crop uniting unit 21 and the panoramic image output by the image processing unit 22.
  • the image buffer unit 3 can compress the panoramic image into a JPG format, and also includes a video compression mode, which can compress a continuous image sequence into a general video encoding format.
  • the apparatus may also include an audio collection unit (not shown).
  • the audio collection unit can acquire an audio signal and transmit the audio signal to the image compression unit 23; the image compression unit 23 also compresses the audio signal.
  • the audio collection unit may be a microphone or other audio collection unit.
  • the input-output unit 24 may include an input-output IO module 241, a display module 242, a storage module 243, and a wireless transmission module 244, wherein the IO module 241 includes a button and an LED lamp, and the button is used for receiving The user's operation instruction, the LED light is used to identify the working state inside the device; the display module 242 is used to display the operation interface of the device 200; the storage module 243 is used to store the panoramic image; and the wireless transmission module 244 is configured to provide the external terminal Interactive pathway.
  • the IO module 241 includes a button and an LED lamp, and the button is used for receiving The user's operation instruction, the LED light is used to identify the working state inside the device; the display module 242 is used to display the operation interface of the device 200; the storage module 243 is used to store the panoramic image; and the wireless transmission module 244 is configured to provide the external terminal Interactive pathway.
  • the storage module 243 can include an SD card, and can store the panoramic video or picture taken by the user in the SD card.
  • the wireless transmission module 244 can receive the user's control of the panoramic camera through the mobile phone, and can also send the browsing of the video stream to the mobile terminal.
  • the wireless transmission module 244 can be connected in a wireless manner or in a Bluetooth or infrared manner.

Abstract

本发明涉及一种获取全景图像的方法和装置,该方法包括:通过相对放置的两组成像单元获取第一鱼眼图像和第二鱼眼图像;分别将第一鱼眼图像和第二鱼眼图像裁剪成预定尺寸的图像;将裁剪后的第一鱼眼图像和第二鱼眼图像拼接为第三鱼眼图像;将第三鱼眼图像展开为全景图像。该实施例提供的一种获取全景图像的方法和装置,通过两个相对放置的成像单元采集两幅鱼眼图像,并将其拼接形成全景图像,从而降低成本。

Description

一种获得全景图像的方法和装置
本申请基于申请号为201610038964.4、申请日为2016年01月20日的中国专利申请提出,并要求该中国专利申请的优先权,该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及图像处理技术领域,尤其涉及一种获取全景图像的方法和装置。
背景技术
由于全景视频能够为用户提供全方位视角、浸入式视频观看体验,逐渐成为虚拟现实和视频播放的热点。而现有的全景视频图像的采集设备通常由多个镜头和相机组成,成本较高,且不便于用户使用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种获取全景图像的方法和装置,能够通过两个相对放置的成像单元采集两幅鱼眼图像,并将其拼接形成全景图像,从而降低成本,方便用户使用。
本发明提供的一种获取全景图像的方法,该方法包括:
通过相对放置的两组成像单元获取第一鱼眼图像和第二鱼眼图像,其中,所述两组成像单元中的每个成像单元包括一个鱼眼镜头和一个图像传感器,且所述图像传感器将透过所述鱼眼镜头的光线转换为电信号;
分别将所述第一鱼眼图像和所述第二鱼眼图像裁剪成预定尺寸的图像;
将裁剪后的所述第一鱼眼图像和所述第二鱼眼图像拼接为第三鱼眼图像;将所述第三鱼眼图像展开为全景图像。
可选地,所述将所述第三鱼眼图像展开为全景图像后,所述方法还包括:
对所述全景图像进行压缩,得到压缩后的所述全景图像。
可选地,所述分别将所述第一鱼眼图像和所述第二鱼眼图像裁剪成预定尺寸的图像包括:
将两个所述鱼眼镜头的成像圆的圆心分别平移到所述第一鱼眼图像和所述第二鱼眼图像的中心位置;
根据预定尺寸分别对所述第一鱼眼图像和所述第二鱼眼图像进行裁剪,将所述第一鱼眼图像和所述第二鱼眼图像裁剪成预定尺寸的图像。
可选地,所述将裁剪后的所述第一鱼眼图像和所述第二鱼眼图像拼接为第三鱼眼图像包括:
裁剪后的所述第一鱼眼图像和所述第二鱼眼图像并排放置拼接为所述第三鱼眼图像,且所述第三鱼眼图像的宽高比为2:1。
可选地,所述将所述第三鱼眼图像展开为全景图像包括:获取预先存储的坐标查找表;
根据所述第三鱼眼图像中的第一像素点的横坐标值和纵坐标值,获取所述坐标查找表中与所述横坐标值和所述纵坐标值匹配的第二横坐标值和第二纵坐标值;
将所述第一像素点的像素值作为所述全景图像中的第二像素点的像素值,其中,所述第二像素点的横坐标值与所述第二横坐标值相同,所述第二像素点的纵坐标值与所述第二纵坐标值相同。
可选地,所述第一像素点为所述第一鱼眼图像和所述第二鱼眼图像相邻接处的多列像素点中的一个像素点,所述将所述第一像素点的像素值作为所述全景图像中的第二像素点的像素值之前,所述方法还包括:
利用加权值对所述第一像素点的像素值进行加权,得到所述第一像素点的加权后的像素值,所述加权值由所述第一像素点所属列到所述第一鱼眼图像和所述第二鱼眼图像相邻接处的图像边缘的距离来确定,其中,
将所述第一像素点的像素值作为所述全景图像中的第二像素点的像素值,包括:
将所述第一像素点的加权后的像素值作为所述第二像素点的像素值。
本发明还提供一种获取全景图像的装置,该装置包括:相对放置的两组成像单元,其中,
所述两组成像单元中的每个成像单元包括一个鱼眼镜头和一个图像传感器;
所述图像传感器将透过所述鱼眼镜头的光线转换为电信号。
可选地,所述两组成像单元的光轴重合,两个所述图像传感器的成像平面平行且所述成像平面的四边重合,所述鱼眼镜头的视场角大于180度,且所述鱼眼镜头的成像圆的直径小于所述图像传感器输出的图像的高度。
可选地,所述全景图像装置还包括:图像处理传输单元,所述图像处理传输单元包括:裁剪拼接单元,图像处理单元,图像压缩单元和输入输出单元;
所述裁剪拼接单元,接收所述两组成像单元的所述图形传感器输出的第一鱼眼图像和第二鱼眼图像,分别将所述第一鱼眼图像和所述第二鱼眼图像裁剪成预定尺寸的图像,并将裁剪后的所述第一鱼眼图像和所述第二鱼眼图像拼接为第三鱼眼图像,且将所述第三鱼眼图像输出至所述图像处理单元;
所述图像处理单元,接收所述裁剪拼接单元输出的所述第三鱼眼图像,并将所述第三鱼眼图像展开为全景图像,且将所述全景图像输出至所述图像压缩单元;
所述图像压缩单元,接收所述图像处理单元输出的所述全景图像,并压缩所述全景图像,且将压缩后的所述全景图像输出至所述输入输出单元;
所述输入输出单元,接收所述图像压缩单元输出的压缩后的所述全景图像。
可选地,所述装置还包括:图像缓存单元,存储所述裁剪拼接单元输出的所述第三鱼 眼图像和所述图像处理单元输出的所述全景图像;
音频采集单元,采集音频信号,并将所述音频信号传输至所述图像压缩单元;
所述图像压缩单元,还对所述音频信号进行压缩。
基于上述技术方案提供的一种获取全景图像的方法和装置,能够通过两个相对放置的成像单元采集两幅鱼眼图像,并将其拼接形成全景图像,从而降低成本,方便用户使用。
附图说明
本发明的附图是为了方便进一步理解本发明实施例的技术方案。
图1为根据本发明一个实施例提供的一种获取全景图像的方法的流程示意图;
图2为成像单元获取的第一鱼眼图像和第二鱼眼图像的示意图;
图3为全景图像的一个示意图;
图4为全景图像的另一个示意图;
图5为根据本发明一个实施例提供的一种获取全景图像的装置的结构示意图;
图6为根据本发明一个实施例提供的一种获取全景图像的装置相对于拍摄环境的位置;
图7为输入输出模块的结构示意图。
附图标记说明:
1 成像单元
11 第一鱼眼镜头
14 第二鱼眼镜头
12 第一图像传感器
13 第二图像传感器
2 图像处理输出单元
21 裁剪拼接单元
22 图像处理单元
23 图像压缩单元
24 输入输出单元
41 第一半球区域
42 第二半球区域
51 第一鱼眼图像
52 第二鱼眼图像
6 全景图像
61 第一半幅全景图像
62 第二半幅全景图像
241 I/O模块
242 显示模块
243 存储模块
244 无线传输模块
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的技术方案以及优点表达的更清楚,下面通过附图和实施例,对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述,以下实施例用于说明本申请,但不用来限制本申请的范围。
图1为根据本发明实施例提供的一种获取全景图像的方法100的流程示意图。如图1所示的方法100包括:
110,通过相对放置的两组成像单元获取第一鱼眼图像和第二鱼眼图像;
120,分别将第一鱼眼图像和第二鱼眼图像裁剪成预定尺寸的图像;
130,将裁剪后的第一鱼眼图像和第二鱼眼图像拼接为第三鱼眼图像;
140,将第三鱼眼图像展开为全景图像。
在该实施例中,两组成像单元中的每个成像单元包括一个鱼眼镜头和一个图像传感器。两个图像传感器以背靠背方式放置,图像传感器将透过镜头的光线转换为电信号。放置在图像传感器之前的鱼眼镜头的视场角大于180度,可以将左右两个半球的景物分别投影为有效区域为圆形的图像。由于图像传感器的宽高比为4:3,鱼眼镜头的成像圆的直径小于图像传感器输出的图像的高度。
可选地,在140之后,该方法100还包括:
对全景图像进行压缩,得到压缩后的全景图像。
上述实施例提供的一种获取全景图像的方法,通过两个相对放置的成像单元采集两幅鱼眼图像,并将其拼接形成全景图像,从而降低成本,方便用户使用。
应理解,由于视频是连续的图像序列,所以本实施例提供的一种获取全景图像的方法也可以获取全景视频。
具体的,在本发明实施例中,120可以包括:
将两个所述鱼眼镜头的成像圆的圆心分别平移到所述第一鱼眼图像和所述第二鱼眼图像的中心位置;
根据预定尺寸分别对所述第一鱼眼图像和所述第二鱼眼图像进行裁剪,将所述第一鱼眼图像和所述第二鱼眼图像裁剪成预定尺寸的图像。
例如,在该实施例中,成像单元输出的第一鱼眼图像和第二鱼眼图像,每幅图像f(x,y)的宽度为W,高度为H。对于每幅图像,分别进行如下处理:将成像圆的圆心(xc,yc)根据预先标定的参数平移到鱼眼图像的中心位置(W/2,H/2),然后将鱼眼图像裁剪为H*H 大小的鱼眼图像H(x′,y′),其中,
H(x′,y′)=f(x′-xc+W/2,y′-yc+H/2)。
图2示出了本发明实施例中第一鱼眼图像和第二鱼眼图像的示意图。如图2所示,第一鱼眼图像51,第二鱼眼图像52。
具体的,在本发明实施例中,130可以为:将裁剪后的第一鱼眼图像和第二鱼眼图像并排放置拼接为第三鱼眼图像,且第三鱼眼图像的宽高比为2:1。
例如:将裁剪为H*H大小的第一鱼眼图像和第二鱼眼图像左右并排放置,拼接为宽高比为2:1的第三鱼眼图像。
具体的,在本发明实施例中,140可以包括:获取预先存储的坐标查找表;
根据第三鱼眼图像中的第一像素点的横坐标值和纵坐标值,获取坐标查找表中与横坐标值和纵坐标值匹配的第二横坐标值和第二纵坐标值;
将第一像素点的像素值作为全景图像中的第二像素点的像素值,其中,第二像素点的横坐标值与第二横坐标值相同,第二像素点的纵坐标值与第二纵坐标值相同。
例如,如图3所示,可以将第二鱼眼图像52展开为第二半幅全景图像62,放置于全景图像6的中心,并将第一鱼眼图像51展开为第一半幅全景图像61,分为左右两半部分,分别置于全景图像6的两侧。
需要说明的是,在本发明实施例中,第一像素点为第三鱼眼图像中的任一像素点,也就是说第三鱼眼图像中的每一个像素点都需要进行上述140包括的步骤。第二像素点为全景图像中与第一像素点的像素值相同的像素点。另外,坐标查找表的大小及其坐标参数值可以由图像传感器的参数、镜头的参数以及最终要输出的全景图像的大小来确定。
上述实施例提供的一种获取全景图像的方法,由于采用坐标查找表的方式,能够快速展开鱼眼图像形成全景图像,达到实时处理的目的。
进一步地,当第一像素点为第三鱼眼图像中的第一鱼眼图像和第二鱼眼图像相邻接处的多列像素点中的一个像素点时,140具体为:
获取预先存储的坐标查找表;
根据第三鱼眼图像中的第一像素点的横坐标值和纵坐标值,获取坐标查找表中与横坐标值和纵坐标值匹配的第二横坐标值和第二纵坐标值;
利用加权值对第一像素点的像素值进行加权,得到第一像素点的加权后的像素值,其中,该加权值由第一像素点所属列到第一鱼眼图像和第二鱼眼图像相邻接处的图像边缘的距离来确定;
将第一像素点的加权后的像素值作为第二像素点的像素值。
上述方法可以使得拼接后的全景图像的质量更高,可以对61和62相邻接处的多列像素点的像素值进行加权平均。例如,如图4所示,第一半幅全景图像和第二半幅全景图像的图像高度为H,宽度为H+24,且第一半幅全景图像和第二半幅全景图像的两侧各有12列重合区域。
第一半幅全景图像的左侧第1列到第24列与第二半幅鱼眼图重合,每一列的权重系数为:i/25,其中,i=1,2,…,24。第二半幅全景图像的第H-12列到第H+12列的权重系数为:1-(i/25),其中,i=1,2,…,24。第一半幅全景图像和第二半幅全景图像中1到24列中的像素点分别乘以各自的加权系数后相加,得到全景图像。
上述实施例提供的一种获取全景图像的方法,通过同时控制两个成像单元的成像,消除了成像单元之间的同步问题,同时,通过对两幅图像邻接处像素点的加权平均,消除了拼接时拼缝明显的问题,使得形成全景图像的质量更高。
上文结合图1至图4详细描述了本发明实施例提供的一种获取全景图像的方法的技术方案,下面结合图2至图7详细描述本发明实施例提供的一种获取全景图像的装置的技术方案。
图5为根据本发明实施例提供的一种获取全景图像的装置的结构示意图。本发明还提供一种获取全景图像的装置,该装置包括:相对放置的两组成像单元,其中,两组成像单元中的每个成像单元包括一个鱼眼镜头和一个图像传感器;图像传感器将透过所述鱼眼镜头的光线转换为电信号。
也就是说,在该实施例中,两组成像单元中的一组成像单元包括第一鱼眼镜头和第一图像传感器,另一组成像单元包括第二鱼眼镜头和第二图像传感器。
如图5所示,成像单元1中的第一图像传感器12和第二图像传感器13背靠背放置,图像传感器可以是CCD(电荷耦合器件)图像传感器,也可以选择CMOS(互补金属氧化物半导体)图像传感器。第一鱼眼镜头11和第二鱼眼镜头14分别放在左右两个图像传感器前面。
两组成像单元的光轴重合,同时在安装过程中,保证两个传感器的成像平面平行并且四边重合。为了能够获得周围环境水平360度和垂直360度的全景视野,选择的鱼眼镜头的视场角大于180度,特别地,可以选用185度视场角的鱼眼镜头,或者可以选用视场角为190度的鱼眼镜头。
需要说明的是,如果选用185度镜头,则两组成像单元的成像会有2.5度的重合视角。如果选用190度镜头,则两组成像单元的成像会有5度的重合视角。同时,由于超过180度的鱼眼镜头的成像为圆形,而一般的图像传感器的宽高比为4:3,因此,需要使得图像传感器输出的图像的高度大于鱼眼镜头的成像圆的直径。
上述实施例提供的一种获取全景图像的装置,通过两个相对放置的成像单元采集两幅鱼眼图像,并将其拼接形成全景图像,从而降低成本,方便用户使用。
应理解,由于视频是连续的图像序列,所以本实施例提供的一种获取全景图像的装置也可以获取全景视频。
如图6所示,成像单元1的第一鱼眼镜头11能够对装置周围第一半球区域41进行成像。成像单元1中第二鱼眼镜头14能够对装置周围第二半球区域42进行成像。
如图2所示,第一图像传感器输出的第一鱼眼图像51的宽高比为4:3,可以完整的 包含鱼眼镜头的成像。第二图像传感器输出的第二鱼眼图像52的宽高比为4:3。鱼眼图像51和52的高度大于成像圆的直径。同时由于鱼眼成像存在畸变,所以成像圆中的建筑物的轮廓线条变成了曲线。
可选地,如图5所示,装置还可以包括图像处理传输单元2。该图像处理传输单元2包括:裁剪拼接单元21、图像处理单元22、图像压缩单元23和输入输出单元24。
裁剪拼接单元21,接收两组成像单元1的图形传感器12和13输出的第一鱼眼图像51和第二鱼眼图像52,分别将第一鱼眼图像51和第二鱼眼图像52裁剪成预定尺寸的图像,并将裁剪后的第一鱼眼图像51和第二鱼眼图像52拼接为第三鱼眼图像,且将第三鱼眼图像输出至图像处理单元22;
图像处理单元22,接收裁剪拼接单元21输出的第三鱼眼图像,并将第三鱼眼图像展开为全景图像6,且将全景图像6输出至图像压缩单元23;
图像压缩单元23,接收图像处理单元22输出的全景图像6,并压缩全景图像6,且将压缩后的全景图像6输出至输入输出单元24;
输入输出单元24,接收图像压缩单元23输出的压缩后的全景图像6。
具体的,在该实施例中,图像处理单元22可以顺序扫描坐标查找表,根据第三鱼眼图像中的第一像素点的横坐标值和纵坐标值,获取坐标查找表中与横坐标值和纵坐标值匹配的第二横坐标值和第二纵坐标值,将第一像素点的像素值作为全景图像中的第二像素点的像素值,其中,第二像素点的横坐标值与第二横坐标值相同,第二像素点的纵坐标值与第二纵坐标值相同,从而形成展开全景图像。
如图3所示,将第二鱼眼图像52展开为第二半幅全景图像62,放置于全景图像6的中心;将第一鱼眼图像51展开为第一半幅全景图像61,分为左右两半部分,分别置于全景图像6的两侧。
上述装置可以使得拼接后的全景图像的质量更高,可以对61和62相邻接处的多列像素点的像素值进行加权平均。例如,如图4所示,第一半幅全景图像和第二半幅全景图像的图像高度为H,宽度为H+24,且第一半幅全景图像和第二半幅全景图像的两侧各有12列重合区域。
第一半幅全景图像的左侧第1列到第24列与第二半幅鱼眼图重合,每一列的权重系数为:i/25,其中,i=1,2,…,24。第二半幅全景图像的第H-12列到第H+12列的权重系数为:1-(i/25),其中,i=1,2,…,24。第一半幅全景图像和第二半幅全景图像中1到24列中的像素点分别乘以各自的加权系数后相加,得到全景图像。
在该实施例中,图像处理传输单元2包括的其他各单元的功能的实现方式对应于图1所示的方法100中包括的步骤120-140,为了描述的简洁,在此不再赘述。
上述实施例提供的一种获取全景图像的装置,通过同时控制两个成像单元的成像,消除了成像单元之间的同步问题,同时,通过图像处理单元对两幅图像邻接处像素点的加权平均,消除了拼接时拼缝明显的问题,使得形成全景图像的质量更高。
可选地,装置还可以包括:图像缓存单元3。该图像缓存单元3可以存储裁剪拼接单元21输出的第三鱼眼图像和图像处理单元22输出的全景图像。
在该实施例中,该图像缓存单元3可以将全景图像压缩为JPG格式,同时也包含视频压缩模式,能够将连续的图像序列压缩为通用的视频编码格式。
另外,装置还可以包括音频采集单元(图中未示出)。该音频采集单元可以采集音频信号,并将音频信号传输至图像压缩单元23;图像压缩单元23,还对音频信号进行压缩。在该实施例中,音频采集单元可以为麦克风,也可以为其他的音频采集单元。
进一步地,如图7所示,输入输出单元24可以包括:输入输出IO模块241,显示模块242,存储模块243和无线传输模块244,其中,IO模块241包括按键和LED灯,按键用于接收用户的操作指令,LED灯用于标识所述装置内部的工作状态;显示模块242用于显示装置200的操作界面;存储模块243用于存储全景图像;无线传输模块244,用于提供与外部终端的交互通路。
在该实施两种,存储模块243可以包含SD卡,能够将用户拍摄的全景视频或者图片保存在SD卡中。无线传输模块244可以接收用户通过手机对全景相机的控制,同时,也能够向手机端发送视频流的浏览。无线传输模块244可以采用无线方式,也可以采用蓝牙或者红外方式连接。
最后所应说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,所应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式而已,并不用于限定本发明的保护范围,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种获取全景图像的方法,其特征在于,包括:
    通过相对放置的两组成像单元获取第一鱼眼图像和第二鱼眼图像,其中,所述两组成像单元中的每个成像单元包括一个鱼眼镜头和一个图像传感器,且所述图像传感器将透过所述鱼眼镜头的光线转换为电信号;
    分别将所述第一鱼眼图像和所述第二鱼眼图像裁剪成预定尺寸的图像;
    将裁剪后的所述第一鱼眼图像和所述第二鱼眼图像拼接为第三鱼眼图像;
    将所述第三鱼眼图像展开为全景图像。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述将所述第三鱼眼图像展开为全景图像后,所述方法还包括:
    对所述全景图像进行压缩,得到压缩后的所述全景图像。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述分别将所述第一鱼眼图像和所述第二鱼眼图像裁剪成预定尺寸的图像包括:
    将两个所述鱼眼镜头的成像圆的圆心分别平移到所述第一鱼眼图像和所述第二鱼眼图像的中心位置;
    根据预定尺寸分别对所述第一鱼眼图像和所述第二鱼眼图像进行裁剪,将所述第一鱼眼图像和所述第二鱼眼图像裁剪成预定尺寸的图像。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述将裁剪后的所述第一鱼眼图像和所述第二鱼眼图像拼接为第三鱼眼图像包括:
    将裁剪后的所述第一鱼眼图像和所述第二鱼眼图像并排放置拼接为所述第三鱼眼图像,且所述第三鱼眼图像的宽高比为2:1。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述将所述第三鱼眼图像展开为全景图像包括:
    获取预先存储的坐标查找表;
    根据所述第三鱼眼图像中的第一像素点的横坐标值和纵坐标值,获取所述坐标查找表中与所述横坐标值和所述纵坐标值匹配的第二横坐标值和第二纵坐标值;
    将所述第一像素点的像素值作为所述全景图像中的第二像素点的像素值,其中,所述第二像素点的横坐标值与所述第二横坐标值相同,所述第二像素点的纵坐标值与所述第二纵坐标值相同。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一像素点为所述第一鱼眼图像 和所述第二鱼眼图像相邻接处的多列像素点中的一个像素点,所述将所述第一像素点的像素值作为所述全景图像中的第二像素点的像素值之前,所述方法还包括:
    利用加权值对所述第一像素点的像素值进行加权,得到所述第一像素点的加权后的像素值,所述加权值由所述第一像素点所属列到所述第一鱼眼图像和所述第二鱼眼图像相邻接处的图像边缘的距离来确定,其中,
    将所述第一像素点的像素值作为所述全景图像中的第二像素点的像素值,包括:
    将所述第一像素点的加权后的像素值作为所述第二像素点的像素值。
  7. 一种获取全景图像的装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括:
    相对放置的两组成像单元,其中,
    所述两组成像单元中的每个成像单元包括一个鱼眼镜头和一个图像传感器;
    所述图像传感器将透过所述鱼眼镜头的光线转换为电信号。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种获取全景图像的装置,其特征在于,所述两组成像单元的光轴重合,两个所述图像传感器的成像平面平行且所述成像平面的四边重合,所述鱼眼镜头的视场角大于180度,且所述鱼眼镜头的成像圆的直径小于所述图像传感器输出的图像的高度。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的一种获取全景图像的装置,其特征在于,所述全景图像装置还包括:
    图像处理传输单元,所述图像处理传输单元包括:裁剪拼接单元,图像处理单元,图像压缩单元和输入输出单元;
    所述裁剪拼接单元,接收所述两组成像单元的所述图形传感器输出的第一鱼眼图像和第二鱼眼图像,分别将所述第一鱼眼图像和所述第二鱼眼图像裁剪成预定尺寸的图像,并将裁剪后的所述第一鱼眼图像和所述第二鱼眼图像拼接为第三鱼眼图像,且将所述第三鱼眼图像输出至所述图像处理单元;
    所述图像处理单元,接收所述裁剪拼接单元输出的所述第三鱼眼图像,并将所述第三鱼眼图像展开为全景图像,且将所述全景图像输出至所述图像压缩单元;
    所述图像压缩单元,接收所述图像处理单元输出的所述全景图像,并压缩所述全景图像,且将压缩后的所述全景图像输出至所述输入输出单元;
    所述输入输出单元,接收所述图像压缩单元输出的压缩后的所述全景图像。
  10. 根据权利要求7或8所述的一种获取全景图像的装置,其特征在于,所述装置还包括:
    图像缓存单元,存储所述裁剪拼接单元输出的所述第三鱼眼图像和所述图像处理单元 输出的所述全景图像;
    音频采集单元,采集音频信号,并将所述音频信号传输至所述图像压缩单元;
    所述图像压缩单元,还对所述音频信号进行压缩。
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