WO2017124433A1 - 随机接入与数据传输的装置、方法以及通信系统 - Google Patents

随机接入与数据传输的装置、方法以及通信系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017124433A1
WO2017124433A1 PCT/CN2016/071744 CN2016071744W WO2017124433A1 WO 2017124433 A1 WO2017124433 A1 WO 2017124433A1 CN 2016071744 W CN2016071744 W CN 2016071744W WO 2017124433 A1 WO2017124433 A1 WO 2017124433A1
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Prior art keywords
random access
user equipment
data
data information
resource block
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PCT/CN2016/071744
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨现俊
王昕�
张健
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Fujitsu Ltd
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Fujitsu Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2016/071744 priority Critical patent/WO2017124433A1/zh
Priority to CN201680075091.2A priority patent/CN108476490A/zh
Publication of WO2017124433A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017124433A1/zh
Priority to US16/018,928 priority patent/US20180310329A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/12—Wireless traffic scheduling
    • H04W72/1263—Mapping of traffic onto schedule, e.g. scheduled allocation or multiplexing of flows
    • H04W72/1268—Mapping of traffic onto schedule, e.g. scheduled allocation or multiplexing of flows of uplink data flows
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/1607—Details of the supervisory signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1829—Arrangements specially adapted for the receiver end
    • H04L1/1848—Time-out mechanisms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/02—Selection of wireless resources by user or terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1867—Arrangements specially adapted for the transmitter end
    • H04L1/1887—Scheduling and prioritising arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/70—Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to an apparatus, method, and communication system for random access and data transmission.
  • Massive machine communication is one of the three application scenarios of the fifth generation communication (5G) defined by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
  • the main feature is that it has a huge number of connected devices and transmits small data at a lower frequency.
  • Packages, and most of the business is not sensitive to latency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a current random access procedure showing a contention based scenario.
  • the random access process includes four steps:
  • the user equipment In the first step, the user equipment generates a random access preamble (preamble); and sends a random access preamble to the base station on a physical random access channel (PRACH), the random access preamble carries the indication L2/ Bit information of the L3 message.
  • preamble a random access preamble
  • PRACH physical random access channel
  • the base station sends a random access response (RAR, RA response) on the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), and the random access response includes: a random access radio network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI, Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier), uplink grant (UL grant) of L2/L3 messages, and the like.
  • RAR random access response
  • RA response random access radio network temporary identifier
  • UL grant uplink grant
  • the user equipment After receiving the random access response, the user equipment sends an L2/L3 message on a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH).
  • PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel
  • the base station returns a conflict resolution message to the user equipment that is successfully accessed.
  • the first step sends an enhanced random access channel (RACH, RA channel).
  • the information carries the user equipment identifier (UE ID)
  • the second step performs conflict resolution, and returns a timing advance (TA) and a random access response.
  • the third step sends the enhanced Message 3 and carries the data of the user equipment.
  • CP cyclic prefix
  • CP Cycle Prefix
  • SCMA sparse code multiple access
  • NB-IoT narrowband Internet of Things
  • LTE-A Enhanced Long Term Evolution-Advanced
  • IoT's work item enables LTE to support the access of massive low-speed devices.
  • NB-IoT is designed to make no major changes to the LTE-A system. Therefore, in Release 13, NB-IoT will still retain the LTE four-step random access procedure and still have a large signaling overhead.
  • the current method cannot reduce the signaling overhead and increase the number of access user equipments.
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide a device, a method, and a communication system for random access and data transmission, which implement random access and data transmission in one step, which can reduce signaling overhead and increase the number of access user devices.
  • a method for random access and data transmission including:
  • the user equipment generates data information for simultaneously implementing random access and data transmission, where the data information includes a user equipment identifier, data to be transmitted, and a pilot signal;
  • the user equipment selects, from the predetermined resources, a resource block for transmitting the data information
  • the user equipment maps the data information onto the resource block and transmits.
  • an apparatus for performing random access and data transmission is provided in a user equipment, where the apparatus includes:
  • a data generating unit which generates data information for simultaneously implementing random access and data transmission, where the data information includes a user equipment identifier, data to be transmitted, and a pilot signal;
  • a resource selection unit that selects a resource block for transmitting the data information from predetermined resources
  • An information transmitting unit that maps the data information onto the resource block and transmits.
  • a method for random access and data transmission including:
  • the base station Receiving, by the base station, data information, which is sent by the user equipment, for performing random access and data transmission at the same time;
  • the data information includes a user equipment identifier, data to be transmitted, and a pilot signal;
  • the base station obtains the to-be-transmitted data of the user equipment based on the data information.
  • a device for performing random access and data transmission is provided in a base station, where the device includes:
  • An information receiving unit which receives data information sent by the user equipment for simultaneously implementing random access and data transmission;
  • the data information includes a user equipment identifier, data to be transmitted, and a pilot signal;
  • a user detection unit that performs user detection and delay estimation to implement random access of the user equipment
  • a data obtaining unit that obtains the data to be transmitted of the user equipment based on the data information.
  • a communication system including:
  • a user equipment which generates data information for simultaneously implementing random access and data transmission, the data information including a user equipment identifier, data to be transmitted, and a pilot signal; and selecting, from the predetermined resources, the data information for transmitting a resource block; and mapping the data information to the resource block and transmitting;
  • a base station which receives the data information sent by the user equipment; performs user detection and delay estimation to implement random access of the user equipment; and obtains the to-be-transmitted data of the user equipment based on the data information.
  • An advantageous effect of the embodiment of the present invention is that the user equipment selects a resource block for transmitting data information from predetermined resources, and maps data information including the user equipment identifier to the resource block and transmits the data. Thereby, random access and data transmission can be implemented in one step, which can reduce signaling overhead and increase the number of access user equipments.
  • 1 is a schematic diagram of a current random access procedure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for random access and data transmission according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is another schematic diagram of a method for random access and data transmission according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is another schematic diagram of a method for random access and data transmission according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of data information according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a method for random access and data transmission according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure using an orthogonal preamble sequence and an orthogonal resource mapping according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of time-frequency resource mapping of a preamble sequence according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure using an orthogonal preamble sequence and a non-orthogonal resource mapping according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure using a non-orthogonal preamble sequence and an orthogonal resource mapping according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure using a non-orthogonal preamble sequence and a non-orthogonal resource mapping according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure not using a preamble sequence and using orthogonal resource mapping according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure not using a preamble sequence and using a non-orthogonal resource mapping according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for random access and data transmission according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is another schematic diagram of an apparatus for random access and data transmission according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a user equipment according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for random access and data transmission according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is another schematic diagram of an apparatus for random access and data transmission according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of a base station according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 is a diagram showing the communication system of the eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • a base station may be referred to as an access point, a broadcast transmitter, a Node B, an evolved Node B (eNB), etc., and may include some or all of their functions.
  • the term “base station” will be used herein. Each base station provides communication coverage for a particular geographic area.
  • the term “cell” can refer to a base station and/or its coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used.
  • a mobile station or device may be referred to as a "user equipment” (UE).
  • UE may be fixed or mobile and may also be referred to as a mobile station, terminal, access terminal, subscriber unit, station, and the like.
  • the UE may be a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless telephone, and the like.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a method for random access and data transmission, which is described from the user equipment side.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for random access and data transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the method includes:
  • Step 201 The user equipment generates data information for performing random access and data transmission at the same time, where the data information includes a user equipment identifier, data to be transmitted, and a pilot signal.
  • Step 202 The user equipment selects, from the predetermined resources, a resource block for transmitting the data information
  • Step 203 The user equipment maps the data information to the resource block and sends the data.
  • the user equipment may be a machine type communication of the IoT system (MTC, Machine Type)
  • MTC Machine Type
  • the communication terminal performs a random access and data transmission process to a base station (for example, an eNB) of the IoT system.
  • a base station for example, an eNB
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and may be, for example, other communication systems. That is, the embodiment of the present invention only uses the IoT system and/or the MTC user equipment as an example, but is not limited thereto, and can be applied to any communication system that performs random access and data transmission.
  • the base station may be a macro base station (for example, an eNB), and a macro cell (for example, a macro cell) generated by the macro base station may provide a service for the user equipment; or the base station may also be a micro base station, and the micro base station generates a micro area.
  • a macro base station for example, an eNB
  • a macro cell for example, a macro cell
  • the base station may also be a micro base station, and the micro base station generates a micro area.
  • Pico cell can provide services for user equipment.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and a specific scenario can be determined according to actual needs.
  • FIG. 3 is another schematic diagram of a method for random access and data transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing the interaction between them from both sides of the user equipment and the base station.
  • each user equipment may randomly select a suitable resource block from a predetermined resource, for example, obtain a transmission resource through contention, and then may send the data information through a PUSCH.
  • a filtered Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (f-OFDM) technique may be employed to perform multi-carrier modulation on data.
  • f-OFDM filtered Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • the base station may send an acknowledgement (ACK) message to the user equipment. If the user equipment does not receive an ACK within a specified time, it may randomly evade for a period of time and then resend the data information.
  • ACK acknowledgement
  • FIG. 4 is another schematic diagram of a method for random access and data transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is described from the user equipment side. As shown in FIG. 4, the method includes:
  • Step 401 The user equipment generates data information for implementing random access and data transmission at the same time.
  • the data information includes at least a user equipment identifier, data to be transmitted, and a pilot signal.
  • Step 402 The user equipment selects a resource block for transmitting the data information from the predetermined resources.
  • Step 403 The user equipment maps the data information to the resource block.
  • Step 404 The user equipment sends the data information to the base station on the PUSCH.
  • Step 405 The user equipment determines whether an acknowledgment (ACK) message returned by the base station is received within a predetermined time; if the ACK message is received, the current random access and data transmission process is ended, and the ACK message is not received. Next, step 406 is performed.
  • ACK acknowledgment
  • Step 406 The user equipment randomly retreats for a period of time
  • step 402 the user equipment performs step 402 again, reselects the resource block and transmits the data information.
  • FIG. 4 is only illustrative of an embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the order of execution between the various steps can be appropriately adjusted, and other steps can be added or some of the steps can be reduced.
  • Those skilled in the art can appropriately modify the above based on the above contents, and are not limited to the description of the above drawings.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of data information according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the data information may include at least a UE ID, data to be transmitted (also referred to as a payload), and a pilot signal.
  • the UE ID may be an ID assigned by the user equipment when establishing a service connection with the base station (for example, performing user registration or establishing a security key, etc.), such as RA-RNTI, etc., but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the embodiment of the present invention includes the UE ID in the data information, and uses the randomly selected resource block to send the data information, thereby eliminating the need for RAR feedback and the like, and Implement random access and data transmission.
  • the pilot position and pilot sequence of the pilot signal can be predetermined.
  • the user equipment can transmit the agreed pilot sequence at a time-frequency resource location agreed with the base station.
  • the pilot position and the pilot sequence of the pilot signal may not be predetermined, and the user equipment may randomly select the pilot position and the pilot sequence of the pilot signal, so that different user equipments select the same resource block (hereinafter referred to as The effect of the collision caused by mRB) on the demodulation performance can be reduced.
  • each user equipment may randomly select one pilot position and one pilot sequence from the preset pilot position set and the pilot sequence set to transmit the pilot signal.
  • the base station may perform channel estimation on all possible pilot positions according to all possible pilot sequences, if the channel estimation results obtained on different time-frequency resources have similar amplitudes in the frequency domain, and When the sparse characteristic unique to the channel is presented in the time domain, it may be determined that the user equipment sends data information on the pilot position and the pilot sequence, otherwise, no user equipment sends data on the pilot position and the pilot sequence. information.
  • the user equipment may also send a random access preamble (e.g., on a PRACH) that is used to synchronize and indicate the location of the resource to transmit the data information.
  • a random access preamble is, for example, a Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence.
  • a user equipment device may select a random access preamble sequence (or may be simply referred to as a preamble sequence) from a pre-defined pre-access preamble set, and the random access preamble sequence may be used for synchronization. Detected with the user; the resource bit indicated by the user equipment in the selected random access preamble sequence Set the send data information.
  • the random access preamble corresponding to the multiple resource blocks includes N t,p symbols in the time domain, and includes N f,p subcarriers in the frequency domain; wherein N t,p and N f,p Both are positive integers, and N t,p is greater than N f,p .
  • the resource block corresponding to the multiple user equipments and the random access preamble corresponding to the multiple user equipments occupy the same symbol in the time domain.
  • the random access preamble sequence can be mapped onto a long and narrow resource block, where N t, p symbols are included in the time dimension, and N f is included in the frequency dimension.
  • p subcarriers, N t,p can be much larger than N f,p .
  • the size of the resource block (mRB) applicable to the mMTC can be determined according to the payload of the user equipment, the pilot density, the size of the UE ID, and the like.
  • K t mRBs may be carried in N f, d subcarriers; in the frequency dimension, each of the upper and lower frequency ranges of the resource block occupied by the random access preamble sequence is reserved.
  • the subcarriers can carry K f mRBs within one symbol length.
  • random access preambles corresponding to different resource blocks may be orthogonal to each other. That is, the preamble sequences in the pre-defined random access preamble sequence set are mutually orthogonal, and each user equipment can randomly select one preamble sequence from the random access preamble sequence set to transmit.
  • random access preambles corresponding to different resource blocks may not be mutually orthogonal, and random access preambles that are not mutually orthogonal may be formed by combining a plurality of mutually orthogonal random access preambles.
  • the non-orthogonal random access preamble sequence set is composed of m mutually independent orthogonal sequence sets, each orthogonal sequence set includes M orthogonal sequences, and the user equipment can be from the m sets.
  • Each of the orthogonal sequences is selected, and the m orthogonal sequences are combined to identify one user equipment (or one resource block). Therefore, this non-orthogonal random access preamble sequence set can identify up to M m user equipments (or corresponding M m resource blocks).
  • different resource blocks may be orthogonal to each other.
  • each user equipment occupies different mRBs.
  • the orthogonal mapping can carry up to K t K f mMTC user equipments.
  • different resource blocks may not be orthogonal to each other, and data information of different user equipments is spread and distributed in a non-orthogonal sparse mode.
  • the data of each user equipment is spread to K t K f mRBs by a sparse code of k t k f ⁇ 1, wherein the number of non-zero elements in each sparse code is k, that is, each user equipment
  • the data is spread to k mRBs, and there are a total of L sparse code words.
  • sparse code spreading can support more user equipments, where the overload factor is ⁇ can usually take a value of 1.5 to 3.
  • the foregoing illustrates schematically that the user equipment sends a random access preamble sequence, and the base station detects the random access preamble sequence.
  • the orthogonal preamble sequence, the orthogonal resource mapping, the non-orthogonal preamble sequence, and the non-orthogonal resource mapping are schematically illustrated. For details, refer to the following embodiments.
  • the symbol length and/or the cyclic prefix in the resource block is greater than a predetermined value such that the base station obtains the data to be transmitted by blind detection on a predetermined resource block.
  • the user equipment may not send the random access preamble sequence.
  • a guard interval may be added to the symbol back end adjacent to the next mRB in time to reduce interference caused by the unsynchronization between user equipments on adjacent mRBs.
  • the base station directly demodulates data in a predefined observation time window, which is equivalent to blind detection of the user equipment by demodulating data.
  • the orthogonal resource mapping or the non-orthogonal resource mapping may be used. For details, refer to the following embodiments.
  • the user equipment selects a resource block for transmitting data information from predetermined resources; and maps the data information including the user equipment identifier to the resource block and transmits the data.
  • random access and data transmission can be implemented in one step, which can reduce signaling overhead and increase the number of access user equipments.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for random access and data transmission, which is described from the base station side, and the same content as that of Embodiment 1 is not described herein.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a method for random access and data transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6, the method includes:
  • Step 601 The base station receives, by the user equipment, data information, which is used for simultaneously implementing random access and data transmission, where the data information includes a user equipment identifier, data to be transmitted, and a pilot signal.
  • Step 602 The base station performs user detection and delay estimation to implement random access of the user equipment
  • Step 603 The base station obtains data to be transmitted of the user equipment based on the data information.
  • the method may further include:
  • Step 604 The base station sends an ACK message to the user equipment.
  • the base station may not send an ACK message to the user equipment without notifying the user equipment.
  • the base station further receives a random access preamble sent by the user equipment, where the random access preamble is used to synchronize and indicate a resource location for transmitting the data information.
  • the random access preamble is sent on the PRACH, and the data information is sent on the PUSCH.
  • the resource block corresponding to the multiple user equipments and the random access preamble corresponding to the multiple user equipments may occupy the same symbol in the time domain.
  • the random access preamble corresponding to the multiple resource blocks includes N t,p symbols in the time domain, and includes N f,p subcarriers in the frequency domain; wherein N t,p and N f,p are positive integers And N t,p is greater than N f,p .
  • the base station performs user detection and delay estimation according to the random access preamble; and obtains the user based on the detected random access preamble and a mapping relationship between the preset random access preamble and the resource block.
  • the device transmits the resource location of the data information; and performs channel estimation on the signal at the resource location based on the pilot signal, and detects the data to be transmitted of the user equipment based on the channel estimation result.
  • the symbol length and/or the cyclic prefix in the resource block is greater than a predetermined value.
  • the base station performs blind detection of user behavior on a predetermined resource block; and performs channel estimation on the signal at the resource location based on the pilot signal, and detects the data to be transmitted of the user equipment based on the channel estimation result.
  • the base station receives the data information including the user equipment identifier, performs user detection and delay estimation to implement random access of the user equipment, and obtains data to be transmitted of the user equipment based on the data information. Thereby, random access and data transmission can be implemented in one step, which can reduce signaling overhead and increase the number of access user equipments.
  • Embodiments of the present invention are further described on the basis of Embodiments 1 and 2, wherein the present embodiment transmits an orthogonal preamble sequence and uses orthogonal resource mapping.
  • the data to be transmitted of the user equipment is 20 bytes, that is, 160 bits, the user equipment ID is 40 bits, and the pilot signal is 8 bits; using quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM, Quadrture) Amplitude Modulation) and 1/2 code rate, and transmit data using f-OFDM multi-carrier modulation technology.
  • N t,p 210 symbols occupied by the preamble sequence
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure using an orthogonal preamble sequence and an orthogonal resource mapping according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a time-frequency resource mapping of a preamble sequence according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the above mRBs may be numbered, wherein for example, the mRB numbered i corresponds to the preamble sequence numbered i.
  • the user equipment may randomly select a preamble sequence p i from the orthogonal set of random access preamble sequences, send the preamble sequence p i on a physical random access channel (PRACH), and perform physical uplink.
  • Data information is transmitted on the i-th mRB of the shared data channel (PUSCH).
  • the transmitted data information includes a UE ID, a pilot signal, and a payload.
  • the pilot signal may be in a manner of randomly selecting a pilot position from a predetermined set of pilot position sets and a set of pilot sequences, and randomly selecting a pilot sequence.
  • the base station may perform user detection and delay estimation (ie, synchronization) according to the received random access preamble sequence. Since the random access preamble sequence is extended in time-frequency two-dimensional, the base station needs to perform certain phase compensation when performing delay estimation.
  • the random access preamble sequence is first mapped according to the frequency dimension, and then according to the time dimension mapping, the phase difference between the i-th column and the i+ 1th column is e j2 ⁇ 4 ⁇ f ⁇ , where ⁇ f is used
  • ⁇ f is used
  • the subcarrier spacing in f-OFDM multicarrier transmission, ⁇ is the delay of the user equipment. Therefore, when performing the delay estimation, the received signal needs to be phase-compensated according to the column, and then the correlation detection is used to detect which preamble sequences are transmitted, and the corresponding delay is obtained.
  • the base station can perform the corresponding sequence according to the detected preamble sequence and the estimated delay.
  • Data demodulation may include: performing channel estimation on all possible pilot positions according to all possible pilot sequences, if the channel estimation results obtained at different positions are similar in amplitude in the frequency domain, and are presented in the time domain.
  • the sparse characteristic characteristic of the channel is out, it is determined that the user equipment transmits data at the pilot position and the pilot sequence, otherwise it is considered that no user equipment transmits data at the pilot position and the pilot sequence.
  • the base station can demodulate the UE ID and the payload according to the result of the channel estimation.
  • the base station may send an ACK to the user equipment. If the user equipment does not receive the ACK signal from the base station within the specified time, the user equipment may randomly retreat for a period of time, and then resend the data information according to the foregoing manner.
  • Embodiments 1 and 2 The embodiments of the present invention are further described on the basis of Embodiments 1 and 2, wherein the present embodiment transmits an orthogonal preamble sequence and uses a non-orthogonal resource mapping.
  • the data to be transmitted of the user equipment is 20 bytes, that is, 160 bits, the user equipment ID is 40 bits, the pilot signal is 8 bits, QAM and 1/2 code rate are used, and f-OFDM is used.
  • Multi-carrier modulation techniques transmit data.
  • each column in the sparse generation matrix of the 12 ⁇ 24 low-density parity check code may be used as a sparsely spread codeword, that is, a total of 24 12 ⁇ 1 sparse codewords. , number these 24 sparse codewords from 1 to 24.
  • the method for generating the LDPC sparse generation matrix may refer to, for example, a progressive edge-growth (PEG) algorithm, and the details are not described herein.
  • N t,p 156 symbols occupied by the preamble sequence
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure using an orthogonal preamble sequence and a non-orthogonal resource mapping according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 9, the mRBs may be numbered, and the numbers respectively correspond to a 12 ⁇ 1 sparse codeword. Each element in .
  • the user equipment may randomly select a preamble sequence p i from the orthogonal set of random access preamble sequences, send the preamble sequence p i on a physical random access channel (PRACH), and perform physical uplink.
  • PRACH physical random access channel
  • PUSCH shared data channel
  • the data information is spread to the 12 mRBs using the ith sparse codeword.
  • the data sent therein includes the UE ID, pilot, and payload.
  • the pilot signal can be in the following manner: a fixed pilot position and a fixed pilot sequence.
  • the base station may perform user detection and delay estimation (ie, synchronization) according to the received random access preamble sequence. Since the random access preamble sequence is extended in time-frequency two-dimensional, the base station needs to perform certain phase compensation when performing delay estimation.
  • the random access preamble sequence is first mapped according to the frequency dimension, and then according to the time dimension mapping, the phase difference between the i-th column and the i+ 1th column is e j2 ⁇ 2 ⁇ f ⁇ , where ⁇ f is used
  • ⁇ f is used
  • the subcarrier spacing in f-OFDM multicarrier transmission, ⁇ is the delay of the user equipment. Therefore, when performing the delay estimation, the received signal needs to be phase-compensated according to the column, and then the correlation detection is used to detect which preamble sequences are transmitted, and the corresponding delay is obtained.
  • the base station can perform channel estimation according to the pilot signal, and perform data demodulation by using, for example, a message passing algorithm (MPA) for the sparse spreading, to obtain the UE ID and the payload.
  • MPA message passing algorithm
  • the base station may send an ACK to the user equipment. If the user equipment does not receive the ACK signal from the base station within the specified time, the user equipment may randomly retreat for a period of time, and then resend the data information according to the foregoing manner.
  • Embodiments 1 and 2 The embodiments of the present invention are further described on the basis of Embodiments 1 and 2, wherein the present embodiment transmits a non-orthogonal preamble sequence and uses orthogonal resource mapping.
  • the data to be transmitted of the user equipment is 20 bytes, that is, 160 bits, the user equipment ID is 40 bits, the pilot signal is 8 bits, QAM and 1/2 code rate are used, and f-OFDM is used.
  • Multi-carrier modulation techniques transmit data.
  • a preamble sequence can be arbitrarily extracted from two mutually independent sets of orthogonal preamble sequences.
  • N t,p 78 symbols occupied by the preamble sequence
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure using a non-orthogonal preamble sequence and an orthogonal resource mapping according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the mRBs may be numbered, where the mRB numbered i and the number i are The combination of leading sequences corresponds.
  • the user equipment may randomly select one preamble sequence combination p' i from the foregoing 36 non-orthogonal preamble sequence combinations, and send the preamble sequence p' i on the physical random access channel (PRACH), and Data information is transmitted on the i-th mRB of the physical uplink shared data channel (PUSCH).
  • PRACH physical random access channel
  • PUSCH physical uplink shared data channel
  • the transmitted data information includes a UE ID, a pilot signal, and a payload.
  • the pilot signal can be in the following manner: a fixed pilot position and a fixed pilot sequence.
  • the base station can perform user detection and delay estimation (i.e., synchronization) according to the received random access preamble sequence.
  • user detection and delay estimation i.e., synchronization
  • the foregoing random access preamble sequence mapped to two subcarriers versus Perform relevant tests separately and obtain corresponding delays; versus With the same delay, the two sequences are considered to be from the same user equipment.
  • the base station can perform data demodulation on the corresponding resource.
  • the method may include: performing channel estimation according to the pilot signal, and demodulating the UE ID and the payload according to the result of the channel estimation.
  • the base station may send an ACK to the user equipment. If the user equipment does not receive the ACK signal from the base station within the specified time, the user equipment may randomly retreat for a period of time, and then resend the data information according to the foregoing manner.
  • Embodiments 1 and 2 The embodiments of the present invention are further described on the basis of Embodiments 1 and 2, wherein the present embodiment transmits a non-orthogonal preamble sequence and uses a non-orthogonal resource mapping.
  • the data to be transmitted of the user equipment is 20 bytes, that is, 160 bits, the user equipment ID is 40 bits, the pilot signal is 8 bits, QAM and 1/2 code rate are used, and f-OFDM is used.
  • Multi-carrier modulation techniques transmit data.
  • a preamble sequence can be arbitrarily extracted from two mutually independent sets of orthogonal preamble sequences.
  • each column in the 18 ⁇ 36 LDPC sparse generation matrix may be employed as a sparsely spread codeword, that is, a total of 36 18 ⁇ 1 sparse codewords, and the 36 sparse codewords are numbered from 1 to 36.
  • the method for generating the LDPC sparse generation matrix reference may be made, for example, to the PEG algorithm, and the details are not described herein.
  • N t,p 78 symbols occupied by the preamble sequence
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure using a non-orthogonal preamble sequence and a non-orthogonal resource mapping according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 11, the mRBs may be numbered, where the numbers correspond to 18 ⁇ 1 sparseness respectively. Each element in the codeword.
  • the user equipment may randomly select one preamble sequence combination p' i from the foregoing 36 non-orthogonal preamble sequence combinations, and send the preamble sequence p' i on the physical random access channel (PRACH), and In the Physical Uplink Shared Data Channel (PUSCH), the data information is spread to the 18 mRBs using the ith sparse codeword.
  • PRACH physical random access channel
  • PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Data Channel
  • the data information sent therein includes the UE ID, the pilot signal, and the payload.
  • the pilot can be in the following manner: a fixed pilot position and a fixed pilot sequence.
  • the base station may perform user detection and delay estimation (ie, synchronization) according to the received random access preamble sequence.
  • user detection and delay estimation ie, synchronization
  • the foregoing random access preamble sequence mapped to two subcarriers versus Perform relevant tests separately and obtain corresponding delays; versus With the same delay, the two sequences are considered to be from the same user equipment.
  • the base station can perform channel estimation according to the pilot signal, and perform data demodulation using, for example, an MPA algorithm for the above-described sparse spreading, to obtain the UE ID and the payload.
  • the base station may send an ACK to the user equipment. If the user equipment does not receive the ACK signal from the base station within the specified time, the user equipment may randomly retreat for a period of time, and then resend the data information according to the foregoing manner.
  • Embodiments 1 and 2 The embodiments of the present invention are further described on the basis of Embodiments 1 and 2, wherein the present embodiment does not transmit a preamble sequence and uses orthogonal resource mapping.
  • the data to be transmitted of the user equipment is 20 bytes, that is, 160 bits, the user equipment ID is 40 bits, the pilot signal is 8 bits, and QAM and 1/2 code rate are used.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure that does not use a preamble sequence and uses orthogonal resource mapping according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the time-frequency resource range of 32 sub-carriers in the frequency dimension is 150 symbols in the time dimension.
  • the user equipment may randomly send the data information on the i-th mRB on the physical uplink shared data channel (PUSCH), where the transmitted data information includes the UE ID, the pilot signal, and the payload.
  • the pilot signal can employ a fixed pilot position and a fixed pilot sequence.
  • the user equipment can transmit data information by using OFDM technology, and each symbol can include a long cyclic prefix (CP).
  • CP long cyclic prefix
  • GT guard interval
  • the base station may perform data demodulation in a predefined observation time window, and perform user detection by using the result of data demodulation, that is, first perform channel estimation according to the pilot signal, according to channel estimation.
  • the result demodulates the UE ID as well as the payload.
  • the base station may send an ACK to the user equipment. If the user equipment does not receive the ACK signal from the base station within the specified time, the user equipment may randomly retreat for a period of time, and then resend the data information according to the foregoing manner.
  • Embodiments of the present invention are further described on the basis of Embodiments 1 and 2, wherein the present embodiment is not sent before Guide sequences and use non-orthogonal resource mapping.
  • the data to be transmitted of the user equipment is 20 bytes, that is, 160 bits, the user equipment ID is 40 bits, the pilot signal is 8 bits, and QAM and 1/2 code rate are used.
  • each column in the 10 ⁇ 20 LDPC sparse generation matrix may be used as a sparsely spread codeword, that is, there are 20 10 ⁇ 1 sparse codewords, and the 20 sparse codewords are numbered from 1 to 20.
  • the method for generating the LDPC sparse generation matrix reference may be made, for example, to the PEG algorithm, and the details are not described herein.
  • the size is 8 subcarriers multiplied by 26 symbols.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure not using a preamble sequence and using a non-orthogonal resource mapping according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • time-frequency resources of 16 subcarriers in 150 symbols and frequency dimensions in a time dimension Within the range, there are 10 mRBs in total.
  • the above mRBs may be numbered, and these numbers respectively correspond to each element in a 10x1 sparse codeword.
  • the user equipment may randomly select the ith sparse codeword and spread the data information to the 10 mRBs by using the sparse codeword on the physical uplink shared data channel (PUSCH), where the data message is sent.
  • the data information includes the UE ID, the pilot signal, and the payload.
  • the pilot signal can employ a fixed pilot position and a fixed pilot sequence.
  • the user equipment may transmit data information by using orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDM) technology, and each symbol may include a long cyclic prefix (CP); in addition, adjacent to the next mRB in time.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiple access
  • CP long cyclic prefix
  • GT guard interval
  • the base station may perform channel estimation according to the pilot signal, and perform demodulation of the data by using, for example, an MPA algorithm in a predefined observation time window for the sparse spreading, to obtain the UE ID and the payload.
  • the base station may send an ACK to the user equipment. If the user equipment does not receive the ACK signal from the base station within the specified time, the user equipment may randomly retreat for a period of time, and then resend the data information according to the foregoing manner.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a device for random access and data transmission, which is configured in a user equipment. This embodiment corresponds to the method for random access and data transmission in Embodiment 1, and the same content is not described herein again.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for random access and data transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus 1400 for random access and data transmission includes:
  • a data generating unit 1401 which generates data information for simultaneously implementing random access and data transmission, where the data information includes a user equipment identifier, data to be transmitted, and a pilot signal;
  • a resource selection unit 1402 that selects a resource block for transmitting the data information from predetermined resources
  • the information transmitting unit 1403 maps the data information to the resource block and transmits.
  • FIG. 15 is another schematic diagram of an apparatus for random access and data transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus 1500 for random access and data transmission includes: a data generating unit 1401, a resource selecting unit 1402, and information sending. Unit 1403, as described above.
  • the apparatus 1500 for random access and data transmission may further include:
  • the acknowledgment receiving unit 1501 receives the acknowledgment message sent by the base station.
  • the resource selection unit 1402 may be further configured to: after the acknowledgment receiving unit 1501 does not receive the acknowledgment message within a predetermined time, select a resource for transmitting the data information from the predetermined resources again after randomly retreating for a period of time And the information sending unit 1403 may be further configured to: map the data information to the again selected resource block and retransmit.
  • the apparatus 1500 for random access and data transmission may further include:
  • a preamble transmission unit 1502 that transmits a random access preamble that is used to synchronize and indicate a resource location for transmitting the data information.
  • the random access preamble corresponding to the multiple resource blocks includes N t,p symbols in the time domain, and includes N f,p subcarriers in the frequency domain; wherein N t,p and N f,p Both are positive integers, and N t,p is greater than N f,p .
  • the random access preambles corresponding to different resource blocks may be orthogonal to each other.
  • the random access preambles corresponding to different resource blocks may not be mutually orthogonal, and the random access preambles that are not orthogonal to each other are formed by combining a plurality of mutually orthogonal random access preambles.
  • the pilot position and the pilot sequence of the pilot signal may be predetermined; or The pilot position and the pilot sequence of the pilot signal may also not be predetermined, and the data generating unit 1401 may randomly select the pilot position and the pilot sequence of the pilot signal.
  • different resource blocks may be orthogonal to each other.
  • different resource blocks may not be orthogonal to each other, and data information of different user equipments is spread and distributed in a non-orthogonal sparse mode.
  • the symbol length and/or the cyclic prefix in the resource block is greater than a predetermined value, such that the base station obtains the data to be transmitted by blind detection on a predetermined resource block.
  • the embodiment further provides a user equipment, which is equipped with the apparatus 1400 or 1500 for random access and data transmission as described above.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a user equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the user device 1600 can include a central processing unit 100 and a memory 140; the memory 140 is coupled to the central processing unit 100.
  • the figure is exemplary; other types of structures may be used in addition to or in place of the structure to implement telecommunications functions or other functions.
  • the functionality of the device 1400 or 1500 for random access and data transfer may be integrated into the central processor 100.
  • the central processing unit 100 can be configured to implement the method of random access and data transmission described in Embodiment 1.
  • the central processing unit 100 can be configured to perform control of generating data information for simultaneously implementing random access and data transmission, the data information including user equipment identification, data to be transmitted, and pilot signals; Selecting a resource block for transmitting the data information; and mapping the data information to the resource block and transmitting.
  • the apparatus 1400 or 1500 for random access and data transmission may be configured separately from the central processing unit 100, for example, the apparatus 1400 or 1500 for random access and data transmission may be configured to be connected to the central processing unit 100.
  • the chip which is controlled by the central processing unit 100, implements the functions of the device 1400 or 1500 for random access and data transmission.
  • the user equipment 1600 may further include: a communication module 110, an input unit 120, an audio processing unit 130, a memory 140, a camera 150, a display 160, and a power source 170.
  • the functions of the above components are similar to those of the prior art, and are not described herein again. It should be noted that the user equipment 1600 does not have to include all the components shown in FIG. 16, and the above components are not required; in addition, the user equipment 1600 may further include components not shown in FIG. There are technologies.
  • the user equipment selects a resource block for transmitting data information from predetermined resources;
  • the data information including the user equipment identity is mapped onto the resource block and transmitted.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a device for random access and data transmission, which is configured in a base station. This embodiment corresponds to the method for random access and data transmission in Embodiment 2, and the same content is not described again.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for random access and data transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 17, the apparatus 1700 for random access and data transmission includes:
  • the information receiving unit 1701 receives the data information sent by the user equipment for simultaneously implementing random access and data transmission; the data information includes a user equipment identifier, data to be transmitted, and a pilot signal;
  • a user detecting unit 1702 that performs user detection and delay estimation to implement random access of the user equipment
  • the data obtaining unit 1703 obtains the data to be transmitted of the user equipment based on the data information.
  • FIG. 18 is another schematic diagram of an apparatus for random access and data transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus 1800 for random access and data transmission includes: an information receiving unit 1701, a user detecting unit 1702, and data acquisition. Unit 1703 is as described above.
  • the apparatus 1800 for random access and data transmission may further include:
  • the confirmation sending unit 1801 sends an acknowledgement message to the user equipment if the data to be transmitted is correctly obtained.
  • the apparatus 1700 for random access and data transmission may further include:
  • the preamble receiving unit 1802 receives a random access preamble sent by the user equipment, and the random access preamble is used to synchronize and indicate a resource location for transmitting the data information.
  • the resource block corresponding to the multiple user equipments and the random access preamble corresponding to the multiple user equipments may occupy the same symbol in the time domain.
  • the random access preamble corresponding to the multiple resource blocks includes N t,p symbols in the time domain, and includes N f,p subcarriers in the frequency domain; wherein N t,p and N f,p are positive integers And N t,p is greater than N f,p .
  • the user detecting unit 1702 may be configured to: perform user detection and delay estimation according to the random access preamble; and the data obtaining unit 1703 may be configured to: based on the detected random access And a preset mapping relationship between the random access preamble and the resource block, obtaining a resource location of the user equipment to transmit data information, and performing channel estimation on the signal at the resource location based on the pilot signal, And detecting, according to the channel estimation result, the data to be transmitted of the user equipment.
  • the symbol length and/or the cyclic prefix in the resource block is greater than a predetermined value.
  • the user detecting unit 1702 may be configured to: perform blind detection of user behavior on a predetermined resource block; the data obtaining unit 1703 may be configured to: perform channel estimation on the signal at the resource location based on the pilot signal, And detecting, according to the channel estimation result, the data to be transmitted of the user equipment.
  • the embodiment further provides a base station configured with the apparatus 1700 or 1800 for random access and data transmission as described above.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a base station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • base station 1900 can include a central processing unit (CPU) 200 and memory 210; and memory 210 coupled to central processing unit 200.
  • the memory 210 can store various data; in addition, a program for information processing is stored, and the program is executed under the control of the central processing unit 200.
  • the device 1700 or 1800 for random access and data transmission can implement the method for random access and data transmission as described in Embodiment 2.
  • the central processor 200 can be configured to implement the functionality of the device 1700 or 1800 for random access and data transmission.
  • the central processing unit 200 may be configured to perform the following control: receiving data information sent by the user equipment for simultaneously implementing random access and data transmission; the data information includes user equipment identification, data to be transmitted, and pilot signals; Performing user detection and delay estimation to implement random access of the user equipment; and obtaining data to be transmitted of the user equipment based on the data information.
  • the base station 1900 may further include: a transceiver 220, an antenna 230, and the like; wherein the functions of the foregoing components are similar to those of the prior art, and details are not described herein again. It is to be noted that the base station 1900 does not have to include all of the components shown in FIG. 19; in addition, the base station 1900 may also include components not shown in FIG. 19, and reference may be made to the prior art.
  • the base station receives the data information including the user equipment identifier, performs user detection and delay estimation to implement random access of the user equipment, and obtains data to be transmitted of the user equipment based on the data information. Thereby, random access and data transmission can be implemented in one step, which can reduce signaling overhead and increase the number of access user equipments.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a communication system, and the same contents as those of the embodiments 1 to 10 are not described herein.
  • the communication system 2000 can include a base station 2001 and a user equipment 2002.
  • the user equipment 2002 generates data information for simultaneously implementing random access and data transmission, where the data information includes a user equipment identifier, data to be transmitted, and a pilot signal; and a resource for transmitting the data information is selected from predetermined resources. Blocking; and mapping the data information onto the resource block and transmitting;
  • the base station 2001 receives the data information sent by the user equipment 2002; performs user detection and delay estimation to implement random access of the user equipment 2002; and obtains data to be transmitted of the user equipment 2002 based on the data information.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer readable program, wherein when the program is executed in a user equipment, the program causes a computer to perform the random access and data transmission described in Embodiment 1 in the user equipment. method.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides a storage medium storing a computer readable program, wherein the computer readable program causes a computer to perform the method of random access and data transmission described in Embodiment 1 in a user equipment.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer readable program, wherein the program causes a computer to perform the method of random access and data transmission described in Embodiment 2 in the base station when the program is executed in a base station.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides a storage medium storing a computer readable program, wherein the computer readable program causes a computer to perform the method of random access and data transmission described in Embodiment 2 in a base station.
  • the above apparatus and method of the present invention may be implemented by hardware or by hardware in combination with software.
  • the present invention relates to a computer readable program that, when executed by a logic component, enables the logic component to implement the apparatus or components described above, or to cause the logic component to implement the various methods described above Or steps.
  • the present invention also relates to a storage medium for storing the above program, such as a hard disk, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a DVD, a flash memory, or the like.
  • the method of random access and data transmission in a random access and data transmission apparatus described in connection with the embodiments of the present invention may be directly embodied as hardware, a software module executed by a processor, or a combination of both.
  • one or more of the functional block diagrams shown in FIG. 13 and/or one or more combinations of functional block diagrams may correspond to various software modules of a computer program flow, or Corresponds to each hardware module.
  • These software modules may correspond to the respective steps shown in FIG. 2, respectively.
  • These hardware modules can be implemented, for example, by curing these software modules using a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • the software module can reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
  • a storage medium can be coupled to the processor to enable the processor to read information from, and write information to, the storage medium; or the storage medium can be an integral part of the processor.
  • the processor and the storage medium can be located in an ASIC.
  • the software module can be stored in the memory of the mobile terminal or in a memory card that can be inserted into the mobile terminal.
  • the software module can be stored in the MEGA-SIM card or a large-capacity flash memory device.
  • One or more of the functional blocks described in the figures and/or one or more combinations of functional blocks may be implemented as a general purpose processor, digital signal processor (DSP) for performing the functions described herein.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • One or more of the functional blocks described with respect to the figures and/or one or more combinations of functional blocks may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, eg, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors One or more microprocessors in conjunction with DSP communication or any other such configuration.

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Abstract

一种随机接入与数据传输的装置、方法以及通信系统。该随机接入与数据传输的方法包括：用户设备生成用于同时实现随机接入和数据传输的数据信息，所述数据信息包括用户设备标识、待传输数据以及导频信号；从预定的资源中选择用于传输所述数据信息的资源块；以及将所述数据信息映射到所述资源块上并发送。由此，可以在一个步骤中实现随机接入与数据传输，可以同时降低信令的开销与提高接入用户设备的数目。

Description

随机接入与数据传输的装置、方法以及通信系统 技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域，特别涉及一种随机接入与数据传输的装置、方法以及通信系统。
背景技术
海量机器通信是国际电信联盟(ITU，International Telecommunication Union)定义的第五代通信(5G)三大应用场景之一，主要特点是具有庞大的连接设备数目，以较低的频率发送很小的数据包，且大部分业务对时延并不敏感。
然而，当前的第4代通信(4G)系统是针对具有高数据速率、并对服务质量有较高需求的人与人之间的通信而设计的。将当前的4G系统应用于海量机器通信中遇到的最大问题是，当每个处于空闲状态的用户设备(UE，User Equipment)需要传输一个非频繁发送的数据包时，都需要进行一个复杂的四步随机接入(RA，Random Access)过程。
图1是目前随机接入过程的一示意图，示出了基于竞争的情况。
如图1所示，该随机接入过程包括四个步骤：
第1步骤，用户设备生成随机接入前导(preamble)；并且在物理随机接入信道(PRACH，Physical Random Access Channel)上将随机接入前导发送给基站，该随机接入前导携带有指示L2/L3消息的比特信息。
第2步骤，基站在物理下行共享信道(PDSCH，Physical Downlink Shared Channel)上发送随机接入响应(RAR，RA response)，该随机接入响应包括：随机接入无线网络临时标识(RA-RNTI，Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier)、L2/L3消息的上行授权(UL grant)等。
第3步骤，用户设备在接收到随机接入响应之后，在物理上行共享信道(PUSCH，Physical Uplink Shared Channel)上发送L2/L3消息。
第4步骤，基站向接入成功的用户设备返回冲突解决消息。
由此可以看出，目前的随机接入过程相对于小数据包而言具有很大的开销，而且当同时接入的用户设备数目变大时，冲突的概率也会明显增加。
为减少信令开销，目前已经提出了无连接的小数据包传输方案，将LTE中的四步随机接入过程减少为三步：第一步发送增强的随机接入信道(RACH，RA channel)信息并携带用户设备标识(UE ID)，第二步进行冲突解决，并返回定时提前量(TA，timing advance)与随机接入响应；第三步发送增强的Message 3并携带用户设备的数据。进一步地，已有文献已经提出当子载波间隔很小，循环前缀(CP，Cycle Prefix)长度很大时，可以省去随机接入前导序列的发送过程与RAR的反馈过程。但是，上述方法的缺点是，当同时接入的用户设备的数目很大时，会有很高的冲突概率。
另一方面，为提高可同时接入的用户设备的数目，基于稀疏码多址(SCMA，sparse code multiple access)的竞争接入技术已经被提出，用稀疏码与导频序列联合区分用户设备。但是，SCMA是针对已经同步好的用户设备设计的，即处于空闲(idle)状态下的用户设备在进行SCMA通信之前，仍然需要进行四步随机接入过程。
此外，标准化组织3GPP(the 3rd Generation Partnership Project)在增强的长期演进(LTE-A，Long Term Evolution-Advanced)系统Release 13的第69次RAN全会中确立了一个新的关于窄带物联网(NB-IoT)的工作项目(work item)，使得LTE能够支持海量低速设备的接入。但是，NB-IoT的设计宗旨是不对LTE-A系统做较大的改变。因此，在Release 13中，NB-IoT将仍保留LTE的四步随机接入过程，仍具有较大的信令开销。
综上所述，目前的方法不能同时降低信令的开销与提高接入用户设备的数目。
应该注意，上面对技术背景的介绍只是为了方便对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整的说明，并方便本领域技术人员的理解而阐述的。不能仅仅因为这些方案在本发明的背景技术部分进行了阐述而认为上述技术方案为本领域技术人员所公知。
下面列出了对于理解本发明和常规技术有益的文献，通过引用将它们并入本文中，如同在本文中完全阐明了一样。
[1]Recommendation ITU-R M.2083-0,“IMT Vision–Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT for 2020and beyond”,Sep,2015.
[2]Stefania Sesia,Issam Toufik,Matthew Baker,“LTE-The UMTS Long Term Evolution:From Theory to Practice,”2nd Edition,Wiley press.
[3]3GPP TR 23.720,“Architecture enhancements for Cellular Internet of Things”.
[4]“Uplink Contention Based Multiple Access for 5G Cellular IoT”,IEEE  VTC-fall,2015.
[5]“Uplink Contention Based SCMA for 5G Radio Access”,IEEE GloebeCom Workshop,2014.
[6]3GPP RP-151621,“New Work Item:NarrowBand IOT(NB-IOT)”.
[7]3GPPR1-157424,“NB-IoT-Random access design”.
[8]3GPPR1-156990,“Discussion on Preamble-based RA and Message-based RA for Rel-13NB-IoT”.
[9]“Regular and Irregular Progressive Edge-Growth”,IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,Vol.51,No.1,January 2005.
[10]“Novel Low-Density Signature for Synchronous CDMA Systems Over AWGN Channel”,IEEE Transactions On Signal Processing,Vol.56,No.4,April 2008.
[11]Abdoli,J.；Ming Jia；Jianglei Ma,“Filtered OFDM:A new waveform for future wireless systems”,in IEEE 16th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications(SPAWC),pp.66-70,June 282015.
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种随机接入与数据传输的装置、方法以及通信系统，在一个步骤中实现随机接入与数据传输，可以同时降低信令的开销与提高接入用户设备的数目。
根据本发明实施例的第一个方面，提供一种随机接入与数据传输的方法，包括：
用户设备生成用于同时实现随机接入和数据传输的数据信息，所述数据信息包括用户设备标识、待传输数据以及导频信号；
用户设备从预定的资源中选择用于传输所述数据信息的资源块；以及
用户设备将所述数据信息映射到所述资源块上并发送。
根据本发明实施例的第二个方面，提供一种随机接入与数据传输的装置，配置于用户设备中，所述装置包括：
数据生成单元，其生成用于同时实现随机接入和数据传输的数据信息，所述数据信息包括用户设备标识、待传输数据以及导频信号；
资源选择单元，其从预定的资源中选择用于传输所述数据信息的资源块；以及
信息发送单元，其将所述数据信息映射到所述资源块上并发送。
根据本发明实施例的第三个方面，提供一种随机接入与数据传输的方法，包括：
基站接收用户设备发送的用于同时实现随机接入和数据传输的数据信息；所述数据信息包括用户设备标识、待传输数据以及导频信号；
基站进行用户检测以及时延估计以实现所述用户设备的随机接入；以及
基站基于所述数据信息获得所述用户设备的所述待传输数据。
根据本发明实施例的第四个方面，提供一种随机接入与数据传输的装置，配置于基站中，所述装置包括：
信息接收单元，其接收用户设备发送的用于同时实现随机接入和数据传输的数据信息；所述数据信息包括用户设备标识、待传输数据以及导频信号；
用户检测单元，其进行用户检测以及时延估计以实现所述用户设备的随机接入；以及
数据获得单元，其基于所述数据信息获得所述用户设备的所述待传输数据。
根据本发明实施例的第五个方面，提供一种通信系统，包括：
用户设备，其生成用于同时实现随机接入和数据传输的数据信息，所述数据信息包括用户设备标识、待传输数据以及导频信号；从预定的资源中选择用于传输所述数据信息的资源块；以及将所述数据信息映射到所述资源块上并发送；
基站，其接收所述用户设备发送的所述数据信息；进行用户检测以及时延估计以实现所述用户设备的随机接入；以及基于所述数据信息获得所述用户设备的所述待传输数据。
本发明实施例的有益效果在于：用户设备从预定的资源中选择用于传输数据信息的资源块；将包含用户设备标识的数据信息映射到该资源块上并发送。由此，可以在一个步骤中实现随机接入与数据传输，可以同时降低信令的开销与提高接入用户设备的数目。
参照后文的说明和附图，详细公开了本发明的特定实施方式，指明了本发明的原理可以被采用的方式。应该理解，本发明的实施方式在范围上并不因而受到限制。在所附权利要求的精神和条款的范围内，本发明的实施方式包括许多改变、修改和等同。
针对一种实施方式描述和/或示出的特征可以以相同或类似的方式在一个或更多个其它实施方式中使用，与其它实施方式中的特征相组合，或替代其它实施方式中的 特征。
应该强调，术语“包括/包含”在本文使用时指特征、整件、步骤或组件的存在，但并不排除一个或更多个其它特征、整件、步骤或组件的存在或附加。
附图说明
在本发明实施例的一个附图或一种实施方式中描述的元素和特征可以与一个或更多个其它附图或实施方式中示出的元素和特征相结合。此外，在附图中，类似的标号表示几个附图中对应的部件，并可用于指示多于一种实施方式中使用的对应部件。
图1是目前随机接入过程的一示意图；
图2是本发明实施例1的随机接入与数据传输的方法的一示意图；
图3是本发明实施例1的随机接入与数据传输的方法的另一示意图；
图4是本发明实施例1的随机接入与数据传输的方法的另一示意图；
图5是本发明实施例1的数据信息的一示意图；
图6是本发明实施例2的随机接入与数据传输的方法的一示意图；
图7是本发明实施例3的使用正交前导序列和正交资源映射的帧结构的一示意图；
图8是本发明实施例3的前导序列的时频资源映射的一示意图；
图9是本发明实施例4的使用正交前导序列和非正交资源映射的帧结构的一示意图；
图10是本发明实施例5的使用非正交前导序列和正交资源映射的帧结构的一示意图；
图11是本发明实施例6的使用非正交前导序列和非正交资源映射的帧结构的一示意图；
图12是本发明实施例7的不使用前导序列以及使用正交资源映射的帧结构的一示意图；
图13是本发明实施例8的不使用前导序列以及使用非正交资源映射的帧结构的一示意图；
图14是本发明实施例9的随机接入与数据传输的装置的一示意图；
图15是本发明实施例9的随机接入与数据传输的装置的另一示意图；
图16是本发明实施例9的用户设备的一示意图；
图17是本发明实施例10的随机接入与数据传输的装置的一示意图；
图18是本发明实施例10的随机接入与数据传输的装置的另一示意图；
图19是本发明实施例10的基站的一示意图；
图20是本发明实施例11的通信系统的一示意图。
具体实施方式
参照附图，通过下面的说明书，本发明的前述以及其它特征将变得明显。在说明书和附图中，具体公开了本发明的特定实施方式，其表明了其中可以采用本发明的原则的部分实施方式，应了解的是，本发明不限于所描述的实施方式，相反，本发明包括落入所附权利要求的范围内的全部修改、变型以及等同物。
在本申请中，基站可以被称为接入点、广播发射机、节点B、演进节点B(eNB)等，并且可以包括它们的一些或所有功能。在文中将使用术语“基站”。每个基站对特定的地理区域提供通信覆盖。术语“小区”可以指的是基站和/或其覆盖区域，这取决于使用该术语的上下文。
在本申请中，移动站或设备可以被称为“用户设备”(UE)。UE可以是固定的或移动的，并且也可以称为移动台、终端、接入终端、用户单元、站等。UE可以是蜂窝电话、个人数字助理(PDA)、无线调制解调器、无线通信设备、手持设备、膝上型计算机、无绳电话等。
实施例1
本发明实施例提供一种随机接入与数据传输的方法，从用户设备侧进行说明。
图2是本发明实施例的随机接入与数据传输的方法的一示意图，如图2所示，所述方法包括：
步骤201，用户设备生成用于同时实现随机接入和数据传输的数据信息，该数据信息包括用户设备标识、待传输数据以及导频信号；
步骤202，用户设备从预定的资源中选择用于传输该数据信息的资源块；以及
步骤203，用户设备将该数据信息映射到该资源块上并发送。
在本实施例中，用户设备可以是IoT系统的机器类型通信(MTC，Machine Type  Communication)终端，该用户设备向IoT系统的基站(例如eNB)进行随机接入和数据传输过程。但本发明不限于此，例如还可以是其他的通信系统。即，本发明实施例仅以IoT系统和/或MTC用户设备为例进行说明，但并不限于此，可以适用于任何进行随机接入和数据传输的通信系统。
在本实施例中，基站可以为宏基站(例如eNB)，该宏基站产生的宏小区(例如Macro cell)可以为用户设备提供服务；或者基站也可以为微基站，该微基站产生的微小区(例如Pico cell)可以为用户设备提供服务。本发明不限于此，可以根据实际的需要确定具体的场景。
图3是本发明实施例的随机接入与数据传输的方法的另一示意图，从用户设备和基站两侧示出了他们之间交互的情况。如图3所示，每个用户设备均可以从预定的资源中随机选择合适的资源块，例如通过竞争获得传输资源，然后可以通过PUSCH发送该数据信息。进一步地，为减少用户设备不同步造成的用户设备间干扰，滤波的正交频分复用(f-OFDM，filtered Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)技术可以被采用来对数据进行多载波调制。由此，通过一个步骤将包括UE ID、待传输数据以及导频信号的数据信息发送给基站，并且可以支持大量的用户设备。
此外，基站在正确解调出待传输数据后，可以向该用户设备发送确认(ACK)消息。如果该用户设备在规定的时间内没有收到ACK，可以随机退避一段时间，然后重新发送该数据信息。
图4是本发明实施例的随机接入与数据传输的方法的另一示意图，从用户设备侧进行说明。如图4所示，所述方法包括：
步骤401，用户设备生成用于同时实现随机接入和数据传输的数据信息；
其中，该数据信息至少包括用户设备标识、待传输数据以及导频信号。
步骤402，用户设备从预定的资源中选择用于传输该数据信息的资源块。
步骤403，用户设备将该数据信息映射到该资源块上；
步骤404，用户设备在PUSCH上将该数据信息发送给基站。
步骤405，用户设备判断在预定时间内是否收到基站返回的确认(ACK)消息；在收到ACK消息的情况下结束本次的随机接入和数据传输过程，在没有收到ACK消息的情况下，执行步骤406。
步骤406，用户设备随机退避一段时间；
然后，用户设备再次执行步骤402，重新选择资源块并发送该数据信息。
值得注意的是，图4仅示意性地对本发明实施例进行了说明，但本发明不限于此。例如可以适当地调整各个步骤之间的执行顺序，此外还可以增加其他的一些步骤或者减少其中的某些步骤。本领域的技术人员可以根据上述内容进行适当地变型，而不仅限于上述附图的记载。
图5是本发明实施例的数据信息的一示意图，如图5所示，该数据信息至少可以包括UE ID、待传输数据(也可称为有效负荷，payload)以及导频(pilot)信号。其中UE ID可以是由用户设备与基站建立业务连接(例如，进行用户注册或建立安全秘钥等)时分配的ID，例如RA-RNTI等，但本发明不限于此。
与传统四步随机接入过程不同的是，本发明实施例在数据信息中包含UE ID，并且使用随机选择的资源块发送该数据信息，由此不需要RAR反馈等过程，通过一个步骤就可以实现随机接入和数据传输。
在本实施例中，导频信号的导频位置和导频序列可以被预先确定。
例如，用户设备可以在与基站约定好的时频资源位置上发送约定好的导频序列。
或者，导频信号的导频位置和导频序列也可以不被预先确定，用户设备可以随机选择导频信号的导频位置和导频序列，由此不同用户设备选择同一个资源块(以下称为mRB)时引起的冲突对解调性能的影响可以被降低。
例如，每个用户设备可以从预设的导频位置集合与导频序列集合中，随机选取一个导频位置以及一个导频序列进行导频信号的发送。基站接收到数据信息后，可以根据所有可能的导频序列在所有可能的导频位置上进行信道估计，若在不同时频资源上得到的信道估计结果在频域上的幅值相差不多，且在时域上呈现出信道所特有的稀疏特性时，可以判定在此导频位置与导频序列上有用户设备发送数据信息，否则认为在此导频位置与导频序列上无用户设备发送数据信息。
在一个实施方式中，用户设备还可以发送随机接入前导(例如在PRACH上)，该随机接入前导被用于同步并且指示传输该数据信息的资源位置。该随机接入前导例如为Zadoff-Chu(ZC)序列。
例如，某一用户设备可以从预先定义好的随机接入前导序列集合(preamble set)中选择一个随机接入前导序列(或者可以简称为前导序列)，该随机接入前导序列可以用来进行同步与用户检测；该用户设备在所选的随机接入前导序列所指示的资源位 置上发送数据信息。
在本实施方式中，多个资源块对应的随机接入前导在时域上包括Nt,p个符号，在频域上包括Nf,p个子载波；其中Nt,p和Nf,p均为正整数，且Nt,p大于Nf,p。此外，多个用户设备所对应的资源块与所述多个用户设备所对应的随机接入前导在时域上占用相同的符号。
例如，考虑到mMTC用户设备对时延并不敏感，可以将随机接入前导序列映射到一个狭长的资源块上，其中在时间维度上包含Nt,p个符号，在频率维度上包含Nf,p个子载波，Nt,p可以远远大于Nf,p。
此外，根据用户设备的有效负荷、导频密度以及UE ID的大小等，可以确定适用于mMTC的资源块(mRB)的大小。假设每个mRB在时间维度上包含Nt,d个符号，在频率维度上包含Nf,d个子载波；假设Nt,p＝Kt Nt,d，则在时间维度上，发送一个随机接入前导序列的时间内，在Nf,d个子载波内，可以承载Kt个mRB；在频率维度上，在随机接入前导序列所占资源块的上下频率范围内，各预留出
Figure PCTCN2016071744-appb-000001
个子载波，在一个符号长度内，可以承载Kf个mRB。
在本实施方式中，不同资源块对应的随机接入前导可以是相互正交的。即预先定义的随机接入前导序列集合中的前导序列是相互正交的，每个用户设备可以从该随机接入前导序列集合中随机选择一个前导序列进行发送。
在本实施方式中，不同资源块对应的随机接入前导也可以不是相互正交的，且不相互正交的随机接入前导可以通过合并多个相互正交的随机接入前导而形成。
例如，非正交的随机接入前导序列集合是由m个相互独立的正交序列集合构成的，每个正交序列集合中包含了M个正交序列，用户设备可以从这m个集合中各选一个正交序列，这m个正交序列联合起来识别一个用户设备(或者对应一个资源块)。因此，这个非正交的随机接入前导序列集合最多可以识别Mm个用户设备(或者对应Mm个资源块)。
在本实施方式中，不同资源块可以是相互正交的。例如，每个用户设备占用不同的mRB，在上述资源划分的情况下，正交映射最多可以承载KtKf个mMTC用户设备。
在本实施方式中，不同资源块也可以不是相互正交的，不同用户设备的数据信息被扩频并且以非正交的稀疏模式分布。
例如，每个用户设备的数据以ktkf×1的稀疏码扩频到KtKf个mRB上，其中每个 稀疏码中非零元素的个数为k，即每个用户设备的数据均扩频到k个mRB上，共有L个稀疏码字。与非稀疏的正交扩频码相比，稀疏码扩频可以支持更多的用户设备数目，其中过载因子为
Figure PCTCN2016071744-appb-000002
γ通常可以取值为1.5～3。
以上示意性说明了用户设备发送随机接入前导序列、基站对随机接入前导序列进行检测。其中对使用正交前导序列、正交资源映射、非正交前导序列、非正交资源映射进行了示意性说明，具体内容还可以参考后面的实施例。
在另一个实施方式中，资源块中的符号长度和/或循环前缀大于预定值，使得基站在预定的资源块上通过盲检获得所述待传输数据。
例如，当用户设备的子载波间隔很小，用户设备的符号长度与CP长度都很大，足够覆盖小区半径内所有用户设备的往返延迟时，用户设备也可以不发送随机接入前导序列。此时，可以在时间上与下一个mRB相邻的符号后端加上保护间隔(GT)，用来减小相邻mRB上用户设备间由于不同步引起的干扰。基站在预先定义好的观测时间窗内直接解调数据，相当于通过解调数据对用户设备进行盲检。
其中可以使用正交资源映射或非正交资源映射，具体内容可参考后面的实施例。
由上述实施例可知，用户设备从预定的资源中选择用于传输数据信息的资源块；将包含用户设备标识的所述数据信息映射到所述资源块上并发送。由此，可以在一个步骤中实现随机接入与数据传输，可以同时降低信令的开销与提高接入用户设备的数目。
实施例2
本发明实施例提供一种随机接入与数据传输的方法，从基站侧进行说明，与实施例1相同的内容不再赘述。
图6是本发明实施例的随机接入与数据传输的方法的一示意图，如图6所示，所述方法包括：
步骤601，基站接收用户设备发送的用于同时实现随机接入和数据传输的数据信息；所述数据信息包括用户设备标识、待传输数据以及导频信号；
步骤602，基站进行用户检测以及时延估计以实现该用户设备的随机接入；以及
步骤603，基站基于该数据信息获得该用户设备的待传输数据。
在本实施例中，如图6所示，所述方法还可以包括：
步骤604，基站向该用户设备发送ACK消息。
此外，在步骤603失败(即基站没有正确解调出该用户设备的数据)的情况下，基站可以不向用户设备发送ACK消息，无需通知该用户设备。
在一个实施方式中，基站还接收该用户设备发送的随机接入前导，所述随机接入前导被用于同步并且指示传输该数据信息的资源位置。其中，随机接入前导在PRACH上发送，数据信息在PUSCH上发送。
在本实施方式中，多个用户设备所对应的资源块与所述多个用户设备所对应的随机接入前导可以在时域上占用相同的符号。此外，多个资源块对应的随机接入前导在时域上包括Nt,p个符号，在频域上包括Nf,p个子载波；其中Nt,p和Nf,p均为正整数，且Nt,p大于Nf,p。
在本实施方式中，基站根据该随机接入前导进行用户检测以及时延估计；并且基于检测到的随机接入前导以及预设的随机接入前导与资源块之间的映射关系，获得该用户设备传输数据信息的资源位置；以及基于导频信号对资源位置处的信号进行信道估计，并基于信道估计结果检测出该用户设备的待传输数据。
在另一个实施方式中，资源块中的符号长度和/或循环前缀大于预定值。
在本实施方式中，基站在预定的资源块上进行用户行为的盲检；并且基于导频信号对资源位置处的信号进行信道估计，并基于信道估计结果检测出该用户设备的待传输数据。
由上述实施例可知，基站接收包含用户设备标识的数据信息；进行用户检测以及时延估计以实现用户设备的随机接入；以及基于该数据信息获得该用户设备的待传输数据。由此，可以在一个步骤中实现随机接入与数据传输，可以同时降低信令的开销与提高接入用户设备的数目。
实施例3
本发明实施例在实施例1和2的基础上进行进一步说明，其中本实施例发送正交前导序列以及使用正交资源映射。
在本实施例中，假设用户设备的待传输数据为20字节(byte)即160位(bit)，用户设备ID为40位，导频信号为8位；使用正交幅度调制(QAM，Quadrature Amplitude  Modulation)以及1/2码率，并采用f-OFDM的多载波调制技术对数据进行发送。此外，正交的随机接入前导序列集合中包含了M＝64个长度为839位的ZC序列，并对各前导序列进行从1到64的编号。
假设长度为839位的前导序列在频域上占用Nf,p＝4个子载波，在时域上占用Nt, p＝210个符号。用户设备的待传输数据在频域上占用Nf,d＝8个子载波，在时域上占用Nt,d＝26个符号，即适用于mMTC的资源块(mRB)的大小为8个子载波乘以26个符号。
因此，在前导序列所占用的Nt,p＝210个符号内，Nf,d＝8个子载波上可以承载Kt＝8个用户设备。在前导序列所占资源的上下范围内各预留出
Figure PCTCN2016071744-appb-000003
个子载波，则在频率上包含8*8+4＝68个子载波、时域上包含210个符号的时频资源内，最多可以同时容纳KtKf＝64个用户设备。
图7是本发明实施例的使用正交前导序列和正交资源映射的帧结构的一示意图，图8是本发明实施例的前导序列的时频资源映射的一示意图。如图7和8所示，可以对上述mRB进行编号，其中例如编号为i的mRB与编号为i的前导序列相对应。
在本实施例中，用户设备可以从上述正交的随机接入前导序列集合中随机选择一个前导序列pi，在物理随机接入信道(PRACH)上发送该前导序列pi，并在物理上行共享数据信道(PUSCH)的第i个mRB上发送数据信息。
其中，所发送的数据信息包含UE ID、导频信号以及有效负荷。导频信号可以采用如下方式：从预先约定好的导频位置集合与导频序列集合中随机选取一个导频位置、随机选取一个导频序列。
在本实施例中，基站可以根据接收到的随机接入前导序列进行用户检测与时延估计(即同步)。由于随机接入前导序列是扩展在时频二维上的，基站在进行时延估计时，需要进行一定的相位补偿。
例如，如图8所示，将随机接入前导序列先按照频率维映射，再按照时间维映射，则第i列与第i+1列之间的相位差为ej2π4Δfτ，其中Δf为所采用f-OFDM多载波传输中的子载波间隔，τ为用户设备的时延。因此在进行时延估计时，需要先对接收信号按列进行相应的相位补偿，然后利用相关检测，检测出有哪些前导序列被发送，并得到相应的时延。
然后，基站可以根据检测到的前导序列以及估计出的时延，到相应的资源上进行 数据解调。例如具体可以包括：根据所有可能的导频序列在所有可能的导频位置上进行信道估计，若在不同位置上得到的信道估计结果在频域上的幅值相差不多，且在时域上呈现出信道所特有的稀疏特性时，则判定在此导频位置与导频序列上有用户设备发送数据，否则认为在此导频位置与导频序列上无用户设备发送数据。
接下来，基站可以根据信道估计的结果解调UE ID以及有效负荷。
在本实施例中，基站成功解调用户设备的数据后，可以向该用户设备发送ACK。若用户设备在规定的时间内没有收到来自基站的ACK信号，则可以随机退避一段时间后，再按照上述方式重新发送数据信息。
值得注意的是，以上仅通过具体例子对本发明进行了示意性说明，但本发明不限于此，例如还可以适当变更上述参数等。
实施例4
本发明实施例在实施例1和2的基础上进行进一步说明，其中本实施例发送正交前导序列以及使用非正交资源映射。
在本实施例中，假设用户设备的待传输数据为20字节即160位，用户设备ID为40位，导频信号为8位，使用QAM以及1/2码率，并采用f-OFDM的多载波调制技术对数据进行发送。此外，正交的随机接入前导序列集合中包含了M＝24个长度为311位的ZC序列，并对各前导序列进行从1到24的编号。
此外，可以采用例如12×24的低密度奇偶校验码(LDPC，Low-Density Parity Check)稀疏生成矩阵中的各列作为稀疏扩频的码字，即共有24个12×1的稀疏码字，将这24个稀疏码字编号为1到24。其中LDPC稀疏生成矩阵的产生方法可以参考例如渐近边增长(PEG，Progressive Edge-Growth)算法，具体内容本发明不再赘述。
在本实施例中，假设长度为311位的前导序列在频域上占用Nf,p＝2个子载波，在时域上占用Nt,p＝156个符号。用户设备的待传输数据在频域上占用Nf,d＝8个子载波，在时域上占用Nt,d＝26个符号，即适用于mMTC的资源块(mRB)的大小为8子载波乘以26个符号。
因此，在前导序列所占用的Nt,p＝156个符号内，Nf,d＝8个子载波上可以承载Kt＝6个用户设备。在前导序列所占资源的上下范围内各预留出
Figure PCTCN2016071744-appb-000004
个子载波，则在频率上包含2*8+2＝18个子载波、时域上包含156个符号的时频资源内，采用上述 12×24的稀疏生成矩阵，最多可以同时容纳2*KtKf＝24个用户设备。
图9是本发明实施例的使用正交前导序列和非正交资源映射的帧结构的一示意图，如图9所示，可以对上述mRB进行编号，这些编号分别对应12×1的稀疏码字中的每个元素。
在本实施例中，用户设备可以从上述正交的随机接入前导序列集合中随机选择一个前导序列pi，在物理随机接入信道(PRACH)上发送该前导序列pi，并在物理上行共享数据信道(PUSCH)上，用第i个稀疏码字将数据信息扩频到这12个mRB上。
其中所发送的数据包含UE ID、导频、以及有效负荷。导频信号可以采用如下方式：固定导频位置与固定导频序列。
在本实施例中，基站可以根据接收到的随机接入前导序列进行用户检测与时延估计(即同步)。由于随机接入前导序列是扩展在时频二维上的，基站在进行时延估计时，需要进行一定的相位补偿。
例如，如图8所示，将随机接入前导序列先按照频率维映射，再按照时间维映射，则第i列与第i+1列之间的相位差为ej2π2Δfτ，其中Δf为所采用f-OFDM多载波传输中的子载波间隔，τ为用户设备的时延。因此在进行时延估计时，需要先对接收信号按列进行相应的相位补偿，然后利用相关检测，检测出有哪些前导序列被发送，并得到相应的时延。
然后，基站可以根据导频信号进行信道估计，并针对上述稀疏扩频，用例如信息传递算法(MPA，message passing algorithm)进行数据解调，获得UE ID以及有效负荷。
在本实施例中，基站成功解调用户设备的数据后，可以向该用户设备发送ACK。若用户设备在规定的时间内没有收到来自基站的ACK信号，则可以随机退避一段时间后，再按照上述方式重新发送数据信息。
值得注意的是，以上仅通过具体例子对本发明进行了示意性说明，但本发明不限于此，例如还可以适当变更上述参数等。
实施例5
本发明实施例在实施例1和2的基础上进行进一步说明，其中本实施例发送非正交前导序列以及使用正交资源映射。
在本实施例中，假设用户设备的待传输数据为20字节即160位，用户设备ID为40位，导频信号为8位，使用QAM以及1/2码率，并采用f-OFDM的多载波调制技术对数据进行发送。其中，非正交的随机接入前导序列集合例如由两个相互独立的正交前导序列集合构成，其中每个正交前导序列集合中包含了M＝6个长度为73位的ZC序列，分别表示为1×73的向量
Figure PCTCN2016071744-appb-000005
与
Figure PCTCN2016071744-appb-000006
其中i,j＝1,L,6。
可以从两个相互独立的正交前导序列集合中分别任意抽取一个前导序列，这两个前导序列联合识别一个用户设备，则总共可以识别62＝36个用户设备。可以将上述36个前导序列组合表示为
Figure PCTCN2016071744-appb-000007
其中k＝1,L,36。
在本实施例中，可以将来自一个正交前导序列集合的长度为73位的前导序列后面添0后，映射到如下的时频资源上：在频域上占用Nf,p＝1个子载波，在时域上占用Nt,p＝78个符号；将来自另外一个正交前导序列集合的长度为73位的前导序列后面添0后，映射到如下的时频资源上：在频域上占用Nf,p＝1个子载波，在时域上占用Nt,p＝78个符号。用户设备的待传输数据在频域上占用Nf,d＝8个子载波，在时域上占用Nt,d＝26个符号，即适用于mMTC的资源块(mRB)的大小为8子载波乘以26个符号。
因此，在前导序列所占用的Nt,p＝78个符号内，Nf,d＝8个子载波上可以承载Kt＝83个用户设备。在前导序列所占资源的上下范围内各预留出
Figure PCTCN2016071744-appb-000008
个子载波，则在频率上包含12*8+2＝98个子载波、时域上包含78个符号的时频资源内，最多可以同时容纳KtKf＝36个用户设备。
图10是本发明实施例的使用非正交前导序列和正交资源映射的帧结构的一示意图，如图10所示，可以对上述mRB进行编号，其中编号为i的mRB与编号为i的前导序列组合相对应。
在本实施例中，用户设备可以从上述36个非正交前导序列组合中随机选择一个前导序列组合p'i，在物理随机接入信道(PRACH)上发送该前导序列p'i，并在物理上行共享数据信道(PUSCH)的第i个mRB上发送数据信息。
其中，所发送的数据信息包含UE ID、导频信号以及有效负荷。导频信号可以采用如下方式：固定导频位置与固定导频序列。
在本实施例中，基站可以根据接收到的随机接入前导序列进行用户检测与时延估 计(即同步)。具体地，对上述映射到两个子载波上的随机接入前导序列
Figure PCTCN2016071744-appb-000009
与
Figure PCTCN2016071744-appb-000010
分别进行相关检测，并得到相应的时延；若
Figure PCTCN2016071744-appb-000011
与
Figure PCTCN2016071744-appb-000012
具有相同的时延，则认为该两个序列来自同一个用户设备。
然后，基站根据检测到的前导序列以及估计出的时延，可以到相应的资源上进行数据解调。例如具体可以包括：根据导频信号进行信道估计，根据信道估计的结果解调UE ID以及有效负荷。
在本实施例中，基站成功解调用户设备的数据后，可以向该用户设备发送ACK。若用户设备在规定的时间内没有收到来自基站的ACK信号，则可以随机退避一段时间后，再按照上述方式重新发送数据信息。
值得注意的是，以上仅通过具体例子对本发明进行了示意性说明，但本发明不限于此，例如还可以适当变更上述参数等。
实施例6
本发明实施例在实施例1和2的基础上进行进一步说明，其中本实施例发送非正交前导序列以及使用非正交资源映射。
在本实施例中，假设用户设备的待传输数据为20字节即160位，用户设备ID为40位，导频信号为8位，使用QAM以及1/2码率，并采用f-OFDM的多载波调制技术对数据进行发送。其中，非正交的随机接入前导序列集合例如由两个相互独立的正交前导序列集合构成，其中每个正交前导序列集合中包含了M＝6个长度为73位的ZC序列，分别表示为1×73的向量
Figure PCTCN2016071744-appb-000013
与
Figure PCTCN2016071744-appb-000014
其中i,j＝1,L,6。
可以从两个相互独立的正交前导序列集合中分别任意抽取一个前导序列，这两个前导序列联合识别一个用户设备，则总共可以识别62＝36个用户设备。可以将上述36个前导序列组合表示为
Figure PCTCN2016071744-appb-000015
其中k＝1,L,36。
此外，可以采用例如18×36的LDPC稀疏生成矩阵中的各列作为稀疏扩频的码字，即共有36个18×1的稀疏码字，将这36个稀疏码字编号为1到36。其中LDPC稀疏生成矩阵的产生方法可以参考例如PEG算法，具体内容本发明不再赘述。
在本实施例中，可以将来自一个正交前导序列集合的长度为73位的前导序列后面添0后，映射到如下的时频资源上：在频域上占用Nf,p＝1个子载波，在时域上占 用Nt,p＝78个符号；将来自另外一个正交前导序列集合的长度为73位的前导序列后面添0后，映射到如下的时频资源上：在频域上占用Nf,p＝1个子载波，在时域上占用Nt,p＝78个符号。用户设备的待传输数据在频域上占用Nf,d＝8个子载波，在时域上占用Nt,d＝26个符号，即适用于mMTC的资源块(mRB)的大小为8子载波乘以26个符号。
因此，在前导序列所占用的Nt,p＝78个符号内，Nf,d＝8个子载波上可以承载Kt＝3个用户设备。在前导序列所占资源的上下范围内各预留出
Figure PCTCN2016071744-appb-000016
个子载波，则在频率上包含6*8+2＝50个子载波、时域上包含78个符号的时频资源内，最多可以同时容纳2KtKf＝36个用户设备。
图11是本发明实施例的使用非正交前导序列和非正交资源映射的帧结构的一示意图，如图11所示，可以对上述mRB进行编号，其中这些编号分别对应18×1的稀疏码字中的每个元素。
在本实施例中，用户设备可以从上述36个非正交前导序列组合中随机选择一个前导序列组合p'i，在物理随机接入信道(PRACH)上发送该前导序列p'i，并在物理上行共享数据信道(PUSCH)中，用第i个稀疏码字将数据信息扩频到这18个mRB上。
其中所发送的数据信息包含UE ID、导频信号以及有效负荷。导频可以采用如下方式：固定导频位置与固定导频序列。
在本实施例中，基站可以根据接收到的随机接入前导序列进行用户检测与时延估计(即同步)。具体地，对上述映射到两个子载波上的随机接入前导序列
Figure PCTCN2016071744-appb-000017
与
Figure PCTCN2016071744-appb-000018
分别进行相关检测，并得到相应的时延；若与
Figure PCTCN2016071744-appb-000020
具有相同的时延，则认为该两个序列来自同一个用户设备。
然后，基站可以根据导频信号进行信道估计，并针对上述的稀疏扩频，用例如MPA算法进行数据解调，获得UE ID以及有效负荷。
在本实施例中，基站成功解调用户设备的数据后，可以向该用户设备发送ACK。若用户设备在规定的时间内没有收到来自基站的ACK信号，则可以随机退避一段时间后，再按照上述方式重新发送数据信息。
值得注意的是，以上仅通过具体例子对本发明进行了示意性说明，但本发明不限 于此，例如还可以适当变更上述参数等。
实施例7
本发明实施例在实施例1和2的基础上进行进一步说明，其中本实施例不发送前导序列，并且使用正交资源映射。
在本实施例中，假设用户设备的待传输数据为20字节即160位，用户设备ID为40位，导频信号为8位，使用QAM以及1/2码率。
假设用户设备的待传输数据在频域上占用Nf,d＝8个子载波，在时域上占用Nt,d＝26个符号，即适用于mMTC的资源块(mRB)的大小为8子载波乘以26个符号。
图12是本发明实施例的不使用前导序列以及使用正交资源映射的帧结构的一示意图，如图12所示，在时间维度上150个符号，频率维度上32个子载波的时频资源范围内，共有20个mRB。如图12所示，可以对上述mRB进行编号。
在本实施例中，用户设备可以在物理上行共享数据信道(PUSCH)随机选择第i个mRB上发送数据信息，其中所发送的数据信息包含UE ID、导频信号以及有效负荷。导频信号可以采用固定导频位置与固定导频序列。
此外，用户设备可以采用OFDM技术对数据信息进行发送，每个符号中都可以包含一个很长的循环前缀(CP)。此外，在时间上与下一个mRB相邻的符号后端加上保护间隔(GT)，用来减小相邻mRB上用户设备间由于不同步引起的干扰。
在本实施例中，基站对于每个mRB，可以在预先定义好的观测时间窗内进行数据解调，通过数据解调的结果进行用户检测，即首先根据导频信号进行信道估计，根据信道估计的结果解调UE ID以及有效负荷。
在本实施例中，基站成功解调用户设备的数据后，可以向该用户设备发送ACK。若用户设备在规定的时间内没有收到来自基站的ACK信号，则可以随机退避一段时间后，再按照上述方式重新发送数据信息。
值得注意的是，以上仅通过具体例子对本发明进行了示意性说明，但本发明不限于此，例如还可以适当变更上述参数等。
实施例8
本发明实施例在实施例1和2的基础上进行进一步说明，其中本实施例不发送前 导序列，并且使用非正交资源映射。
在本实施例中，假设用户设备的待传输数据为20字节即160位，用户设备ID为40位，导频信号为8位，使用QAM以及1/2码率。
此外，可以采用例如10×20的LDPC稀疏生成矩阵中的各列作为稀疏扩频的码字，即共有20个10×1的稀疏码字，将这20个稀疏码字编号为1至20，其中LDPC稀疏生成矩阵的产生方法可以参考例如PEG算法，具体内容本发明不再赘述。
在本实施例中，用户设备的待传输数据在频域上占用Nf,d＝8个子载波，在时域上占用Nt,d＝26个符号，即适用于mMTC的资源块(mRB)的大小为8子载波乘以26个符号。
图13是本发明实施例的不使用前导序列以及使用非正交资源映射的帧结构的一示意图，如图13所示，在时间维度上150个符号、频率维度上16个子载波的时频资源范围内，共有10个mRB。如图13所示，可以对上述mRB进行编号，这些编号分别对应10×1的稀疏码字中的每个元素。
在本实施例中，用户设备可以随机选择第i个稀疏码字，并在物理上行共享数据信道(PUSCH)上，用该稀疏码字将数据信息扩频到这10个mRB上，其中所发送的数据信息包含UE ID、导频信号以及有效负荷。导频信号可以采用固定导频位置与固定导频序列。
此外，用户设备可以采用正交频分多址(OFDM)技术对数据信息进行发送，每个符号中都可以包含一个很长的循环前缀(CP)；此外，在时间上与下一个mRB相邻的符号后端加上保护间隔(GT)，用来减小相邻mRB上用户设备间由于不同步引起的干扰。
在本实施例中，基站可以根据导频信号进行信道估计，并针对上述的稀疏扩频，在预先定义好的观测时间窗内，用例如MPA算法进行数据解调，获得UE ID以及有效负荷。
在本实施例中，基站成功解调用户设备的数据后，可以向该用户设备发送ACK。若用户设备在规定的时间内没有收到来自基站的ACK信号，则可以随机退避一段时间后，再按照上述方式重新发送数据信息。
值得注意的是，以上仅通过具体例子对本发明进行了示意性说明，但本发明不限于此，例如还可以适当变更上述参数等。
实施例9
本发明实施例提供一种随机接入与数据传输的装置，配置于用户设备中。本实施例对应于实施例1中的随机接入与数据传输的方法，相同的内容不再赘述。
图14是本发明实施例的随机接入与数据传输的装置的一示意图，如图14所示，随机接入与数据传输的装置1400包括：
数据生成单元1401，其生成用于同时实现随机接入和数据传输的数据信息，所述数据信息包括用户设备标识、待传输数据以及导频信号；
资源选择单元1402，其从预定的资源中选择用于传输所述数据信息的资源块；以及
信息发送单元1403，其将所述数据信息映射到所述资源块上并发送。
图15是本发明实施例的随机接入与数据传输的装置的另一示意图，如图15所示，随机接入与数据传输的装置1500包括：数据生成单元1401、资源选择单元1402以及信息发送单元1403，如上所述。
如图15所示，随机接入与数据传输的装置1500还可以包括：
确认接收单元1501，其接收基站发送的确认消息。
其中，资源选择单元1402还可以用于：在确认接收单元1501没有在预定时间内接收到确认消息的情况下，随机退避一段时间后再次从预定的资源中选择用于传输所述数据信息的资源块；以及信息发送单元1403还可以用于：将所述数据信息映射到再次选择的资源块上并重传。
在一个实施方式中，如图15所示，随机接入与数据传输的装置1500还可以包括：
前导传输单元1502，其发送随机接入前导，所述随机接入前导被用于同步并且指示传输所述数据信息的资源位置。
在本实施方式中，多个资源块对应的随机接入前导在时域上包括Nt,p个符号，在频域上包括Nf,p个子载波；其中Nt,p和Nf,p均为正整数，且Nt,p大于Nf,p。
其中，不同资源块对应的所述随机接入前导可以是相互正交的。或者，不同资源块对应的所述随机接入前导也可以不是相互正交的，且不相互正交的所述随机接入前导通过合并多个相互正交的所述随机接入前导而形成。
在本实施例中，所述导频信号的导频位置和导频序列可以被预先确定；或者所述 导频信号的导频位置和导频序列也可以不被预先确定，所述数据生成单元1401可以随机选择所述导频信号的导频位置和导频序列。
在本实施例中，不同资源块可以是相互正交的。或者，不同资源块也可以不是相互正交的，不同用户设备的数据信息被扩频并且以非正交的稀疏模式分布。
在另一个实施方式中，所述资源块中的符号长度和/或循环前缀大于预定值，使得基站在预定的资源块上通过盲检获得所述待传输数据。
本实施例还提供一种用户设备，配置有如上所述的随机接入与数据传输的装置1400或1500。
图16是本发明实施例的用户设备的一示意图。如图16所示，该用户设备1600可以包括中央处理器100和存储器140；存储器140耦合到中央处理器100。值得注意的是，该图是示例性的；还可以使用其他类型的结构，来补充或代替该结构，以实现电信功能或其他功能。
在一个实施方式中，随机接入与数据传输的装置1400或1500的功能可以被集成到中央处理器100中。其中，中央处理器100可以被配置为实现实施例1中所述的随机接入与数据传输的方法。
例如，中央处理器100可以被配置为进行如下的控制：生成用于同时实现随机接入和数据传输的数据信息，所述数据信息包括用户设备标识、待传输数据以及导频信号；从预定的资源中选择用于传输所述数据信息的资源块；以及将所述数据信息映射到所述资源块上并发送。
在另一个实施方式中，随机接入与数据传输的装置1400或1500可以与中央处理器100分开配置，例如可以将随机接入与数据传输的装置1400或1500配置为与中央处理器100连接的芯片，通过中央处理器100的控制来实现随机接入与数据传输的装置1400或1500的功能。
如图16所示，该用户设备1600还可以包括：通信模块110、输入单元120、音频处理单元130、存储器140、照相机150、显示器160、电源170。其中，上述部件的功能与现有技术类似，此处不再赘述。值得注意的是，用户设备1600也并不是必须要包括图16中所示的所有部件，上述部件并不是必需的；此外，用户设备1600还可以包括图16中没有示出的部件，可以参考现有技术。
由上述实施例可知，用户设备从预定的资源中选择用于传输数据信息的资源块； 将包含用户设备标识的所述数据信息映射到所述资源块上并发送。由此，可以在一个步骤中实现随机接入与数据传输，可以同时降低信令的开销与提高接入用户设备的数目。
实施例10
本发明实施例提供一种随机接入与数据传输的装置，配置于基站中。本实施例对应于实施例2中的随机接入与数据传输的方法，相同的内容不再赘述。
图17是本发明实施例的随机接入与数据传输的装置的一示意图，如图17所示，随机接入与数据传输的装置1700包括：
信息接收单元1701，其接收用户设备发送的用于同时实现随机接入和数据传输的数据信息；所述数据信息包括用户设备标识、待传输数据以及导频信号；
用户检测单元1702，其进行用户检测以及时延估计以实现所述用户设备的随机接入；以及
数据获得单元1703，其基于所述数据信息获得所述用户设备的所述待传输数据。
图18是本发明实施例的随机接入与数据传输的装置的另一示意图，如图18所示，随机接入与数据传输的装置1800包括：信息接收单元1701、用户检测单元1702以及数据获得单元1703，如上所述。
如图18所示，随机接入与数据传输的装置1800还可以包括：
确认发送单元1801，其在正确获得该待传输数据的情况下，向该用户设备发送确认消息。
在一个实施方式中，如图18所示，随机接入与数据传输的装置1700还可以包括：
前导接收单元1802，其接收所述用户设备发送的随机接入前导，所述随机接入前导被用于同步并且指示传输所述数据信息的资源位置。
其中，多个用户设备所对应的资源块与所述多个用户设备所对应的随机接入前导可以在时域上占用相同的符号。此外，多个资源块对应的随机接入前导在时域上包括Nt,p个符号，在频域上包括Nf,p个子载波；其中Nt,p和Nf,p均为正整数，且Nt,p大于Nf,p。
在本实施方式中，用户检测单元1702可以用于：根据所述随机接入前导进行用户检测以及时延估计；数据获得单元1703可以用于：基于检测到的所述随机接入前 导以及预设的所述随机接入前导与所述资源块之间的映射关系，获得该用户设备传输数据信息的资源位置；以及基于该导频信号对该资源位置处的信号进行信道估计，并基于信道估计结果检测出该用户设备的待传输数据。
在另一个实施方式中，资源块中的符号长度和/或循环前缀大于预定值。
在本实施方式中，用户检测单元1702可以用于：在预定的资源块上进行用户行为的盲检；数据获得单元1703可以用于：基于导频信号对该资源位置处的信号进行信道估计，并基于信道估计结果检测出该用户设备的待传输数据。
本实施例还提供一种基站，配置有如上所述的随机接入与数据传输的装置1700或1800。
图19是本发明实施例的基站的一构成示意图。如图19所示，基站1900可以包括：中央处理器(CPU)200和存储器210；存储器210耦合到中央处理器200。其中该存储器210可存储各种数据；此外还存储信息处理的程序，并且在中央处理器200的控制下执行该程序。
其中，随机接入与数据传输的装置1700或1800可以实现如实施例2所述的随机接入与数据传输的方法。中央处理器200可以被配置为实现随机接入与数据传输的装置1700或1800的功能。
例如，中央处理器200可以被配置为进行如下控制：接收用户设备发送的用于同时实现随机接入和数据传输的数据信息；所述数据信息包括用户设备标识、待传输数据以及导频信号；进行用户检测以及时延估计以实现所述用户设备的随机接入；以及基于所述数据信息获得所述用户设备的待传输数据。
此外，如图19所示，基站1900还可以包括：收发机220和天线230等；其中，上述部件的功能与现有技术类似，此处不再赘述。值得注意的是，基站1900也并不是必须要包括图19中所示的所有部件；此外，基站1900还可以包括图19中没有示出的部件，可以参考现有技术。
由上述实施例可知，基站接收包含用户设备标识的数据信息；进行用户检测以及时延估计以实现用户设备的随机接入；以及基于该数据信息获得该用户设备的待传输数据。由此，可以在一个步骤中实现随机接入与数据传输，可以同时降低信令的开销与提高接入用户设备的数目。
实施例11
本发明实施例还提供一种通信系统，与实施例1至10相同的内容不再赘述。
图20是本发明实施例的通信系统的一示意图，如图20所示，通信系统2000可以包括基站2001和用户设备2002。
用户设备2002生成用于同时实现随机接入和数据传输的数据信息，所述数据信息包括用户设备标识、待传输数据以及导频信号；从预定的资源中选择用于传输所述数据信息的资源块；以及将所述数据信息映射到所述资源块上并发送；
基站2001接收用户设备2002发送的所述数据信息；进行用户检测以及时延估计以实现用户设备2002的随机接入；以及基于所述数据信息获得用户设备2002的待传输数据。
本发明实施例还提供一种计算机可读程序，其中当在用户设备中执行所述程序时，所述程序使得计算机在所述用户设备中执行实施例1所述的随机接入和数据传输的方法。
本发明实施例还提供一种存储有计算机可读程序的存储介质，其中所述计算机可读程序使得计算机在用户设备中执行实施例1所述的随机接入和数据传输的方法。
本发明实施例还提供一种计算机可读程序，其中当在基站中执行所述程序时，所述程序使得计算机在所述基站中执行实施例2所述的随机接入和数据传输的方法。
本发明实施例还提供一种存储有计算机可读程序的存储介质，其中所述计算机可读程序使得计算机在基站中执行实施例2所述的随机接入和数据传输的方法。
本发明以上的装置和方法可以由硬件实现，也可以由硬件结合软件实现。本发明涉及这样的计算机可读程序，当该程序被逻辑部件所执行时，能够使该逻辑部件实现上文所述的装置或构成部件，或使该逻辑部件实现上文所述的各种方法或步骤。本发明还涉及用于存储以上程序的存储介质，如硬盘、磁盘、光盘、DVD、flash存储器等。
结合本发明实施例描述的在随机接入和数据传输装置中随机接入和数据传输的方法可直接体现为硬件、由处理器执行的软件模块或二者组合。例如，图13中所示的功能框图中的一个或多个和/或功能框图的一个或多个组合(例如，信息发送单元等)，既可以对应于计算机程序流程的各个软件模块，亦可以对应于各个硬件模块。这些软件模块，可以分别对应于图2所示的各个步骤。这些硬件模块例如可利用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)将这些软件模块固化而实现。
软件模块可以位于RAM存储器、闪存、ROM存储器、EPROM存储器、EEPROM存储器、寄存器、硬盘、移动磁盘、CD-ROM或者本领域已知的任何其它形式的存储介质。可以将一种存储介质耦接至处理器，从而使处理器能够从该存储介质读取信息，且可向该存储介质写入信息；或者该存储介质可以是处理器的组成部分。处理器和存储介质可以位于ASIC中。该软件模块可以存储在移动终端的存储器中，也可以存储在可插入移动终端的存储卡中。例如，若设备(如移动终端)采用的是较大容量的MEGA-SIM卡或者大容量的闪存装置，则该软件模块可存储在该MEGA-SIM卡或者大容量的闪存装置中。
针对附图中描述的功能方框中的一个或多个和/或功能方框的一个或多个组合，可以实现为用于执行本申请所描述功能的通用处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或者其它可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件或者其任意适当组合。针对附图描述的功能方框中的一个或多个和/或功能方框的一个或多个组合，还可以实现为计算设备的组合，例如，DSP和微处理器的组合、多个微处理器、与DSP通信结合的一个或多个微处理器或者任何其它这种配置。
以上结合具体的实施方式对本发明进行了描述，但本领域技术人员应该清楚，这些描述都是示例性的，并不是对本发明保护范围的限制。本领域技术人员可以根据本发明的精神和原理对本发明做出各种变型和修改，这些变型和修改也在本发明的范围内。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种随机接入与数据传输的装置，配置于用户设备中，所述装置包括：
    数据生成单元，其生成用于同时实现随机接入和数据传输的数据信息，所述数据信息包括用户设备标识、待传输数据以及导频信号；
    资源选择单元，其从预定的资源中选择用于传输所述数据信息的资源块；以及
    信息发送单元，其将所述数据信息映射到所述资源块上并发送。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述装置还包括：
    前导传输单元，其发送随机接入前导，所述随机接入前导被用于同步并且指示传输所述数据信息的资源位置。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的装置，其中，多个用户设备所对应的资源块与所述多个用户设备所对应的随机接入前导在时域上占用相同的符号。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的装置，其中，多个资源块对应的随机接入前导在时域上包括Nt,p个符号，在频域上包括Nf,p个子载波；其中Nt,p和Nf,p均为正整数，并且Nt,p大于Nf,p。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的装置，其中，不同资源块对应的所述随机接入前导是相互正交的；
    或者，不同资源块对应的所述随机接入前导不是相互正交的，且不相互正交的所述随机接入前导通过合并多个相互正交的所述随机接入前导而形成。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述导频信号的导频位置和导频序列被预先确定；
    或者所述导频信号的导频位置和导频序列不被预先确定，所述数据生成单元随机选择所述导频信号的导频位置和导频序列。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，不同资源块是相互正交的；
    或者，不同资源块不是相互正交的，不同用户设备的数据信息被扩频并且以非正交的稀疏模式分布。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述资源块中的符号长度和/或循环前缀大于预定值，使得基站在预定的资源块上通过盲检获得所述待传输数据。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述装置还包括：
    确认接收单元，其接收基站发送的确认消息。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的装置，其中，所述资源选择单元还用于：在所述确认接收单元没有在预定时间内接收到所述确认消息的情况下，随机退避一段时间后再次从预定的资源中选择用于传输所述数据信息的资源块；以及
    所述信息发送单元还用于：将所述数据信息映射到再次选择的资源块上并重传。
  11. 一种随机接入与数据传输的装置，配置于基站中，所述装置包括：
    信息接收单元，其接收用户设备发送的用于同时实现随机接入和数据传输的数据信息；所述数据信息包括用户设备标识、待传输数据以及导频信号；
    用户检测单元，其进行用户检测以及时延估计以实现所述用户设备的随机接入；以及
    数据获得单元，其基于所述数据信息获得所述用户设备的所述待传输数据。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的装置，其中，所述装置还包括：
    前导接收单元，其接收所述用户设备发送的随机接入前导，所述随机接入前导被用于同步并且指示传输所述数据信息的资源位置。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的装置，其中，多个用户设备所对应的资源块与所述多个用户设备所对应的随机接入前导在时域上占用相同的符号。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的装置，其中，多个资源块对应的随机接入前导在时域上包括Nt,p个符号，在频域上包括Nf,p个子载波；其中Nt,p和Nf,p均为正整数，并且Nt,p大于Nf,p。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的装置，其中，所述用户检测单元用于：根据所述随机接入前导进行用户检测以及时延估计；
    所述数据获得单元用于：基于检测到的所述随机接入前导以及预设的所述随机接入前导与所述资源块之间的映射关系，获得所述用户设备传输所述数据信息的资源位置；以及基于所述导频信号对所述资源位置处的信号进行信道估计，并基于信道估计结果检测出所述用户设备的所述待传输数据。
  16. 根据权利要求11所述的装置，其中，所述资源块中的符号长度和/或循环前缀大于预定值。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的装置，其中，所述用户检测单元用于：在预定的资源块上进行用户行为的盲检；
    所述数据获得单元用于：基于所述导频信号对所述资源位置处的信号进行信道估计，并基于信道估计结果检测出所述用户设备的所述待传输数据。
  18. 根据权利要求11所述的装置，其中，所述装置还包括：
    确认发送单元，其在正确获得所述待传输数据的情况下，向所述用户设备发送确认消息。
  19. 一种通信系统，所述通信系统包括：
    用户设备，其生成用于同时实现随机接入和数据传输的数据信息，所述数据信息包括用户设备标识、待传输数据以及导频信号；从预定的资源中选择用于传输所述数据信息的资源块；以及将所述数据信息映射到所述资源块上并发送；
    基站，其接收所述用户设备发送的所述数据信息；进行用户检测以及时延估计以实现所述用户设备的随机接入；以及基于所述数据信息获得所述用户设备的所述待传输数据。
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