WO2017121123A1 - 一种资源分配的方法及路侧单元 - Google Patents

一种资源分配的方法及路侧单元 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017121123A1
WO2017121123A1 PCT/CN2016/097164 CN2016097164W WO2017121123A1 WO 2017121123 A1 WO2017121123 A1 WO 2017121123A1 CN 2016097164 W CN2016097164 W CN 2016097164W WO 2017121123 A1 WO2017121123 A1 WO 2017121123A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
communication group
vehicle
communication
rsu
resource
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2016/097164
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黎建辉
江明
雷艺学
郑倩
张晨璐
张云飞
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Yulong Computer Telecommunication Scientific Shenzhen Co Ltd
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Yulong Computer Telecommunication Scientific Shenzhen Co Ltd
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Priority to US16/070,512 priority Critical patent/US11219041B2/en
Publication of WO2017121123A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017121123A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/09—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
    • G08G1/0962—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions having an indicator mounted inside the vehicle, e.g. giving voice messages
    • G08G1/0967—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits
    • G08G1/096766—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where the system is characterised by the origin of the information transmission
    • G08G1/096791—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where the system is characterised by the origin of the information transmission where the origin of the information is another vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
    • H04W72/542—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria using measured or perceived quality
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/056—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled with provision for distinguishing direction of travel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/09—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
    • G08G1/091—Traffic information broadcasting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/09—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
    • G08G1/091—Traffic information broadcasting
    • G08G1/094—Hardware aspects; Signal processing or signal properties, e.g. frequency bands
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/16—Anti-collision systems
    • G08G1/161—Decentralised systems, e.g. inter-vehicle communication
    • G08G1/162—Decentralised systems, e.g. inter-vehicle communication event-triggered
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/16—Anti-collision systems
    • G08G1/161—Decentralised systems, e.g. inter-vehicle communication
    • G08G1/163—Decentralised systems, e.g. inter-vehicle communication involving continuous checking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/22—Platooning, i.e. convoy of communicating vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/155—Ground-based stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/155—Ground-based stations
    • H04B7/15528—Control of operation parameters of a relay station to exploit the physical medium
    • H04B7/15542—Selecting at relay station its transmit and receive resources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
    • H04W4/44—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] for communication between vehicles and infrastructures, e.g. vehicle-to-cloud [V2C] or vehicle-to-home [V2H]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
    • H04W4/46—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] for vehicle-to-vehicle communication [V2V]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/90—Services for handling of emergency or hazardous situations, e.g. earthquake and tsunami warning systems [ETWS]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/12—Wireless traffic scheduling
    • H04W72/121—Wireless traffic scheduling for groups of terminals or users

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a method for resource allocation and a roadside unit.
  • V2X Vehicle and X
  • V2X Vehicle to Vehicle
  • V2I Vehicle and Infrastructure
  • V2V refers to a direct or indirect communication behavior between vehicles.
  • V2V communication There are two main definitions for V2V: one is that the vehicle communicates with the base station through the uplink, and then the base station communicates with the target vehicle through the downlink, which is based on the Uu link V2V communication; the other is the vehicle passing The PC5 link and the Road Side Unit (RSU) are further communicated by the RSU to the base station through the uplink, and then the base station communicates with the target vehicle through the downlink, which is based on the Uu link and the PC5 link hybrid.
  • RSU Road Side Unit
  • the V2X communication method based on the PC5 link is affected by the mobility of the vehicle, and the link is easily interrupted; the channel quality is unstable due to the driving environment of the vehicle.
  • the time delay of communication delay and resource usage will be greatly affected, which is not conducive to the performance of the Internet of Vehicles.
  • a technical problem to be solved by embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for resource allocation.
  • the performance of the Internet of the train is low.
  • a first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a method for resource allocation, including:
  • the first roadside unit RSU receives the resource scheduling request sent by the first vehicle and the external V2X communication group;
  • the driving directions of the vehicles in the first V2X communication group are the same.
  • the first RSU sends the resource occupation information of the first V2X communication group to the first and second RSUs in the traveling direction according to the traveling direction of the first V2X communication group.
  • a second RSU such that the second RSU is in the first V2X communication group when the first V2X communication group travels to the second RSU coverage area and a resource conflict occurs with the second V2X communication group,
  • the second V2X communication group releases the resource occupation and reallocates the communication resources.
  • the first V2X communication group includes a vehicle and a network side infrastructure
  • the first V2X communication group is a vehicle-to-vehicle V2V through communication group, and the vehicle initiating communication directly communicates with the target vehicle;
  • the first V2X communication group is a V2V relay communication group, and the vehicle initiating communication communicates with the target vehicle through a relay node, and the relay node includes a cellular network user terminal, a vehicle or an RSU that provides a relay communication service.
  • the first RSU acquires a traffic density of the driving section of the first V2X communication group, and compares the obtained traffic density with a preset density threshold;
  • the acquired traffic density is less than the preset density threshold, allocate resources to the vehicles in the first V2X communication group according to the resource scheduling request of the first V2X communication group, and allow the vehicle to keep occupying allocated resources in the driving section. And notifying the second information of the resource information occupied by the first V2X communication group RSU;
  • the first V2X communication group is used. Vehicles allocate resources.
  • the first RSU is configured with a resource pool dedicated to driving security warning for the first V2X communication group
  • a second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a roadside unit, including:
  • a receiving unit configured to receive a resource scheduling request sent by the first car and the external V2X communication group
  • An allocating unit configured to allocate communication resources for the first V2X communication group
  • the driving directions of the vehicles in the first V2X communication group are the same.
  • the roadside unit further includes:
  • a sending unit configured to send resource occupation information of the first V2X communication group to a second location adjacent to the roadside unit RSU according to a traveling direction of the first V2X communication group
  • An RSU wherein the second RSU is the first V2X communication group or the first when the first V2X communication group travels within the coverage of the second RSU and a resource conflict occurs with a second V2X communication group
  • the two V2X communication groups decommission the resources and redistribute the communication resources.
  • the first V2X communication group includes a vehicle and a network side infrastructure
  • the first V2X communication group is a vehicle-to-vehicle V2V through communication group, and the vehicle initiating communication directly communicates with the target vehicle;
  • the first V2X communication group is a V2V relay communication group, and the vehicle initiating communication communicates with the target vehicle through a relay node, and the relay node includes a cellular network user terminal, a vehicle or an RSU that provides a relay communication service.
  • the receiving unit is further configured to acquire a traffic density of the first V2X communication group driving section from the traffic density monitoring device, and the acquired traffic density Compared with a preset density threshold;
  • the allocation unit is further configured to The resource scheduling request of the first V2X communication group allocates resources for the vehicles in the first V2X communication group and allows the vehicle to keep occupying allocated resources in the traveling road segment, and the transmitting unit is further configured to connect the first V2X communication Notifying the second RSU of the resource information occupied by the group;
  • the allocating unit is further configured to be according to the principle of polling or equal allocation.
  • the vehicles in the first V2X communication group allocate resources.
  • the allocating unit is further configured to pre-configure a resource pool dedicated for driving safety warning for the first V2X communication group;
  • the receiving unit is further configured to receive security early warning information that is broadcast by the first V2X communication group by using the resource pool, and the sending unit is further configured to send the security early warning information to other ones in the coverage of the first RSU The RSU, so that other RSUs broadcast the security alert information within their coverage.
  • the communication resource is allocated for the V2X communication group resource group, so that the resource allocation method based on the V2X communication group is adopted.
  • the frequency of resource allocation can be reduced, so that the communication link and channel quality of the vehicle in the communication group are relatively stable, and the performance of the vehicle network can be fully utilized.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a first embodiment of a method for resource allocation according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a second embodiment of a method for resource allocation according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a third embodiment of a method for resource allocation according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a scenario of V2V through communication according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of information interaction applied to the scenario shown in FIG. 4 by the second embodiment of the method for resource allocation according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a scenario of a V2V relay communication according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an application of the second embodiment of the method for resource allocation according to the present invention to the scenario shown in FIG. Mutual map
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of another scenario of the V2V relay communication of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of information interaction applied to the scenario shown in FIG. 8 by the second embodiment of the method for resource allocation according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a scenario in which the V2X of the present invention performs security early warning
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of information interaction applied to the scenario shown in FIG. 10 in the third embodiment of the method for resource allocation according to the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the composition of the first embodiment of the roadside unit of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the composition of a second embodiment of the roadside unit of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view showing the structure of the roadside unit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a first embodiment of a method for resource allocation according to the present invention.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • the first roadside unit RSU receives the resource scheduling request sent by the first car and the external V2X communication group.
  • the driving directions of the vehicles included in the first V2X communication group are the same.
  • V2X can include information exchange between Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) information exchange, and Vehicle to nomadic devices (V2N) and even vehicles. Information exchange on the Internet.
  • V2V Vehicle to Vehicle
  • V2I Vehicle to Infrastructure
  • V2N Vehicle to nomadic devices
  • the V2X communication group herein can include a vehicle and network side infrastructure; that is, a communication scenario corresponding to V2I. or
  • the first V2X communication group may be a V2V through communication group of the vehicle and the vehicle, and the vehicle initiating communication directly communicates with the target vehicle; or
  • the first V2X communication group is a V2V relay communication group or a V2I relay communication group, and the communication is initiated.
  • the trusted vehicle communicates with the target vehicle via a relay node that includes a cellular network user terminal, vehicle or RSU that provides relayed communication services.
  • V2V refers to direct or indirect communication behavior between vehicles, such as resource sharing or notification information transmission between vehicles.
  • the speed at which different vehicles operate is not relatively constant.
  • the stability of the communication link between vehicles traveling in opposite directions depends on the traffic speed of the vehicle.
  • the link is often interrupted in a short time, so in addition to traffic congestion and other special In this case, it is not a typical V2V scene.
  • vehicles traveling in the same direction may rely on power control, trajectory prediction, etc. to achieve relatively stable V2V communication under certain driving speed conditions.
  • the V2V vehicles can be grouped together, the V2V-based communication group is allocated when resources are allocated, and since the vehicle communication in the same communication group is relatively stable, the vehicles in the communication group are not required to frequently perform resources.
  • Scheduling The vehicle flow in the same direction is continuously moving in order, so in a period of time, the V2V matching of the same resource block in the adjacent RSU coverage can be pushed forward like a pipeline.
  • the scheduling resources may not be re-applied to the RSU frequently, and when the vehicle groups in different RSU ranges exceed the mutual interference distance, the same time-frequency resources may be reused to improve resource utilization.
  • the first RSU acquires a traffic density of the first V2X communication group driving section, and compares the obtained traffic density with a preset density threshold;
  • the acquired traffic density is less than the preset density threshold, allocate resources to the vehicles in the first V2X communication group according to the resource scheduling request of the first V2X communication group, and allow the vehicle to keep occupying allocated resources in the driving section. And notifying the second RSU of the resource information occupied by the first V2X communication group;
  • the first V2X communication group is used. Vehicles allocate resources.
  • the V2I refers to the behavior of the vehicle communicating with an infrastructure such as an RSU.
  • the infrastructure in V2I is generally stationary. This means that V2I must maintain a consistent communication behavior, and it will inevitably experience the frequent switching process of the vehicle to the RSU.
  • the resource allocation methods for traffic jams and vehicle sparse periods can also be different. When the vehicle is crowded, the vehicle is slow and the traffic is flowing. The density is large, then the communication resources of V2I need to be applied every time communication is performed.
  • resource requests of multiple V2V communication pairs may be grouped and allocated according to the relative rate conditions between different V2V communication groups.
  • the resources available under the coverage of a single RSU exceed the number of vehicles, which simplifies the process of applying for resources.
  • the vehicle can keep the same resources in a certain section without having to re-apply resources frequently to simplify the letter. Keep the process and keep the communication flowing.
  • the resource management is performed between the RSUs on the RSU side.
  • the communication resource is allocated to the V2X communication group resource group, so that the V2X is based on the V2X.
  • the resource allocation mode of the communication group can reduce the frequency of resource allocation, so that the vehicle communication link and channel quality in the communication group are relatively stable, and the performance of the vehicle network can be fully utilized.
  • steps S201-S202 are the same as steps S101-S102, and are not described herein again, and are the same as step S102.
  • the method further includes the following steps:
  • the first RSU sends resource occupation information of the first V2X communication group to a location in the traveling direction and adjacent to the first RSU according to a traveling direction of the first V2X communication group.
  • a second RSU such that the second RSU is in the first V2X communication group when the first V2X communication group travels to the second RSU coverage area and a resource conflict occurs with the second V2X communication group,
  • the second V2X communication group releases the resource occupation and reallocates the communication resources.
  • the resource occupation information may include, but is not limited to, resource information occupied by the V2X communication group, vehicle identification information in the V2X communication group, vehicle geographic location, vehicle traveling speed, and whether V2X communication is supported.
  • the RSU may decide whether to temporarily release the resources occupied by the vehicles occupying the existing resources, or to release the resources occupied by the vehicles that may enter the coverage area and may cause resource conflicts.
  • de-resource occupation is: RSU (or base station) with air interface signaling, inter-RSU interface Signaling (or inter-base station interface signaling) prohibits the use of assigned resources or resource pools by designated vehicle pairs or communication groups, and reallocates available resources or resource pools for them.
  • RSU or base station
  • inter-RSU interface Signaling or inter-base station interface signaling
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a scenario of V2V through communication according to the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of information interaction applied to the scenario shown in FIG. 4 by the second embodiment of the method for resource allocation according to the present invention
  • the first V2X communication group and the second V2X communication group represented by V2X communication group 1 in the figure
  • both communication groups are V2V through communication groups (V2V communication group 1 is used in the figure).
  • the V2V communication group 2 indicates that three RSUs are sequentially arranged in the traveling direction of the two communication groups: RSU1, RSU2, and RSU3.
  • the RSU is requested to perform resource scheduling, and the V2V communication parties perform the PC5 link-based direct communication on the allocated resources.
  • the resource allocation scheme based on the vehicle pair or the vehicle group derived from the vehicle line-of-sight communication characteristics is not considered.
  • the effective time of the allocated resources of the vehicle is determined by the RSU.
  • the vehicle periodically reports its own information, which may include, but is not limited to, geographic location, driving speed, vehicle identification, whether to support V2X communication, and the like.
  • the RSU allocates resources and needs vehicle geographic information, it can be obtained by the geographical position information reported by the vehicle cycle and the running track measured by the speed. As shown in FIG. 4, when the V2V communication group 1 moves forward, the V2V communication group 2 also moves forward, and when the mutual interference distance is exceeded, the same time-frequency resource can be multiplexed. Thereafter:
  • V2V communication group 1 has entered the coverage of the RSU 2 and the V2V communication group 2 has left the coverage of the RSU 2, the V2V communication group 1 and the V2V communication group 2 can continue to communicate using the same resource respectively.
  • the RSU2 can predict the V2V based on the vehicle identification and traveling speed of the V2V communication group 1 transmitted in advance by the RSU1.
  • the travel trajectory of the communication group 1 is selected to forward the resources occupied by the V2V communication group 2 to re-allocate resources, or to re-allocate resources for the resources occupied by the V2V communication group 1.
  • the significance of the difference between the operation of releasing the resource occupation in the forward and backward directions is that when there are different V2X communication links/link groups multiplexed with the same resource block, the RSU can decide which one according to the implementation principle of convenience.
  • the entity allocates resources. For example, if there is a three-vehicle V2V relay communication group and A V2I communication group consisting of a single vehicle and an RSU multiplexes the same resource block in a neighboring area.
  • the RSU needs scheduling signaling for re-allocating resources for a single vehicle.
  • the scheduling signaling required to reallocate resources for three vehicles is significantly simpler. Therefore, whether the three-vehicle V2V relay communication group first occupies or occupies the reused resource block, a simpler solution can be selected, that is, a scheme for reallocating resources for a single-vehicle V2I communication pair.
  • V2V communication group 1 applies for resource scheduling.
  • the responding RSU1 allocates communication resources for the V2V communication group 1.
  • the RSU1 pushes information such as the resources occupied by the current V2V communication group 1, the identification of the communication vehicle, and the traveling speed (hereinafter referred to as "V2V information") to the next RSU in the traveling direction, that is, the RSU2.
  • the V2V communication group 1 If the V2V communication group 1 is in the coverage of the RSU2, the resources to be used are occupied. According to the principle of efficiency priority or performance priority, the V2V communication group 2 forwards the resource and re-allocates resources, or re-allocates resources, or V2V communication. Group 1 forwards the resource and re-allocates resources.
  • the RSU2 pushes the V2V information to the next RSU in the direction of travel, namely RSU3.
  • the V2V through communication mode is terminated, and it can be switched to V2V relay communication or V2I relay communication.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a scenario of the V2V relay communication of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a second embodiment of the method for resource allocation according to the present invention applied to the scenario shown in FIG.
  • the first V2X communication group and the second V2X communication group are included, and the first V2X communication group is a V2V relay communication group, and the second V2X communication group is a V2V direct communication group, in two Three RSUs are sequentially arranged in the direction of travel of the communication group: RSU1, RSU2, and RSU3.
  • the relay node is a vehicle, and the specific information exchange process is shown in Figure 7:
  • V2V straight-through link is disconnected or the vehicle is not in the through range, and the relay is applied.
  • the responding RSU1 allocates communication resources for the V2V relay communication group.
  • the RSU1 pushes the current V2V communication information on the occupied resources, the identification of the communication vehicle (including the relay vehicle), the driving speed, and the like (hereinafter referred to as "V2V and relay information") to the next RSU in the traveling direction, that is, RSU2. .
  • the resources to be used are occupied. According to the principle of efficiency priority or performance priority, the resource is occupied by the forward or backward direction and the resources are re-allocated.
  • RSU2 pushes the current V2V and relay information to the next RSU in the driving direction, that is, RSU3.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of another scenario of the V2V relay communication of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a second embodiment of the method for resource allocation according to the present invention applied to the scenario shown in FIG.
  • the first V2X communication group is included, and the first V2X communication group is a V2V relay communication group, and three RSUs are sequentially arranged in the traveling direction of the communication group: RSU1, RSU2 , RSU3.
  • the relay node is an RSU.
  • the specific information exchange process is shown in Figure 9.
  • V2V straight-through link is disconnected or the vehicle is not in the through range, and the relay is applied.
  • the responding RSU1 allocates communication resources for the V2V relay communication group and assumes the relay task.
  • RSU1 pushes the current V2V and relay information to the next RSU in the driving direction, that is, RSU2.
  • V2V relay communication group is occupied by the RSU2 coverage, the resources to be used are occupied, and the resource is re-allocated for the V2V relay communication group according to the efficiency priority or performance priority.
  • the V2V relay communication with the RSU as the relay node includes the PC5 link relay communication performed by the terminal type RSU as the relay node, and also includes the PC5/ performed by the base station type RSU as the relay node. Uu link relay communication.
  • FIG. 3 it is a schematic flowchart of a third embodiment of a method for resource allocation according to the present invention.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • the first RSU is configured with a resource pool dedicated to driving security warning for the first V2X communication group.
  • S302. Receive security warning information that is broadcast by the first V2X communication group by using the resource pool, and send the information to other RSUs in the coverage of the first RSU, so that other RSUs broadcast the security warning information within its own coverage.
  • the vehicle For emergency actions related to driving safety, the vehicle sometimes has no time to initiate a resource scheduling request to the base station or RSU. If the delay caused by the vehicle applying to the base station or RSU for resource scheduling exceeds the driver's response speed, encountering emergency braking, high-speed car accident, foggy sight obstruction, etc. may make the accident difficult to avoid. This requires pre-configuring a public safety-dedicated resource pool for the vehicle so that the vehicle can make active emergency safety alert notifications for other vehicles in the event of an accident.
  • V2X resource allocation applied to emergency actions with driving safety should generally be pre-configured to ensure resource availability in emergency situations.
  • the probability of a traffic safety event is generally small, and the size of the resource pool required for pre-configuration can be small.
  • the vehicle can be in a pre-configured resource pool The use of broadcasting and other means for traffic safety warning.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a scenario in which the V2X of the present invention performs security early warning
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of information interaction applied to the scenario shown in FIG. 10 by the third embodiment of the resource allocation method of the present invention.
  • the vehicle at the right end has an accident, which can use the pre-configured resources to broadcast security warning information to surrounding vehicles and RSUs.
  • the specific information interaction is shown in Figure 11:
  • the RSU is a resource pool dedicated to the vehicle's pre-configured traffic safety warning.
  • the RSU that receives the traffic safety warning information can push the information to other RSUs.
  • RSUs can push early warning information of traffic safety events for other vehicles within their coverage.
  • the resource allocation in the foregoing embodiments is all completed by the RSU.
  • the RSU may also need to communicate with the base station to complete resource scheduling.
  • the roadside unit includes:
  • the receiving unit 100 is configured to receive a resource scheduling request sent by the first car and the external V2X communication group;
  • the allocating unit 200 is configured to allocate communication resources for the first V2X communication group
  • the driving directions of the vehicles included in the first V2X communication group are the same.
  • the first V2X communication group includes a vehicle and a network side infrastructure
  • the first V2X communication group is a vehicle-to-vehicle V2V through communication group, and the vehicle initiating communication directly communicates with the target vehicle;
  • the first V2X communication group is a V2V relay communication group, and the vehicle initiating communication communicates with the target vehicle through a relay node, and the relay node includes a cellular network user terminal, a vehicle or an RSU that provides a relay communication service.
  • FIG. 13 it is a schematic diagram of a composition of a second embodiment of a roadside unit according to the present invention.
  • the roadside unit according to the embodiment of the present invention further includes:
  • the sending unit 300 is configured to send, according to the traveling direction of the first V2X communication group, resource occupancy information of the first V2X communication group to a first location adjacent to the roadside unit RSU in the traveling direction Two RSUs, such that the second RSU is the first V2X communication when the first V2X communication group travels within the coverage of the second RSU and a resource conflict occurs with the second V2X communication group
  • the group or the second V2X communication group releases the resource occupation and reallocates the communication resources.
  • the receiving unit 100 is further configured to acquire a traffic density of the first V2X communication group driving section from the traffic density monitoring device, and the acquiring The traffic density is compared to a preset density threshold;
  • the allocating unit 200 is further configured to allocate resources for the vehicles in the first V2X communication group according to the resource scheduling request of the first V2X communication group and allow the vehicle to be
  • the driving section 300 is configured to keep the allocated resources, and the sending unit 300 is further configured to notify the second RSU of the resource information occupied by the first V2X communication group;
  • the allocating unit 200 is further configured to use the principle of polling or equal allocation. A vehicle allocation resource in the first V2X communication group.
  • the allocating unit 200 is further configured to pre-configure a resource pool dedicated to driving security warning for the first V2X communication group;
  • the receiving unit 100 is further configured to receive the security warning information that is broadcast by the first V2X communication group by using the resource pool, and the sending unit 300 is further configured to send the security warning information to the first RSU coverage. Other RSUs so that other RSUs broadcast the security alert information within their coverage.
  • the above receiving unit 100, the allocating unit 200 and the transmitting unit 300 may exist independently or may be integrated, and the receiving unit 100, the allocating unit 200 or the transmitting unit 300 may be separately set in hardware form independently of the processor of the roadside unit, and set.
  • the form may be in the form of a microprocessor; it may also be embedded in the processor of the roadside unit in hardware form, or may be stored in software in the memory of the roadside unit to facilitate the processor of the roadside unit.
  • the operations corresponding to the above receiving unit 100, the allocating unit 200, and the transmitting unit 300 are invoked.
  • the distribution unit 200 may be a processor of the roadside unit, and the functions of the receiving unit 100 and the transmitting unit 300 may be embedded.
  • the processor it can also be set separately from the processor, or can be stored in the memory in the form of software, and the function is called by the processor.
  • the embodiment of the invention does not impose any limitation.
  • the above processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, a single chip microcomputer, or the like.
  • each embodiment in the present specification is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on a difference from other embodiments, and the same similar parts between the various embodiments. You can refer to each other.
  • the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the description of the method embodiment.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the communication resource is allocated for the V2X communication group resource group, so that the resource allocation method based on the V2X communication group is adopted.
  • the frequency of resource allocation can be reduced, so that the communication link and channel quality of the vehicle in the communication group are relatively stable, and the performance of the vehicle network can be fully utilized.
  • FIG 14 is a schematic view showing the structure of the roadside unit of the present invention.
  • the roadside unit in the embodiment of the present invention includes at least one processor 410, such as a CPU, at least one wireless communication unit 413, at least one memory 414, and at least one radio frequency controller 415.
  • the wireless communication unit 413 can be a 3G communication unit.
  • the radio frequency controller 415 is a module that controls transmitting and receiving data and processing information transmitted and received by the upper computer.
  • the memory 414 may be a high speed RAM memory or a non-volatile memory.
  • the processor 410 may execute various types of software, program codes, and the like installed in the roadside unit, for example, the respective units described above, including the receiving unit 100, the transmitting unit 300, and the like.
  • Program code is stored in the memory 414, and the processor 410 can invoke program code stored in the memory 414 to perform related functions.
  • the respective units e.g., the receiving unit 100, the transmitting unit 300, etc.
  • FIGS. 12 and 13 are program codes stored in the memory 414 and executed by the processor 410. Thereby implementing the functions of the roadside unit and the various units it includes to allocate resources.
  • the memory 414 stores a plurality of instructions that are executed by the processor 410 to implement a method of resource allocation.
  • the performing, by the processor 410, the multiple instructions includes: receiving a resource scheduling request sent by the first car and the external V2X communication group; and allocating communication resources to the first V2X communication group; The vehicles included in the first V2X communication group travel in the same direction.
  • the first RSU sends the resource occupation information of the first V2X communication group to the traveling direction and the first according to the traveling direction of the first V2X communication group.
  • a second RSU adjacent to the RSU so that the second RSU is the first V2X when the first V2X communication group travels within the coverage of the second RSU and a resource conflict occurs with the second V2X communication group.
  • the communication group or the second V2X communication group releases the resource occupation and reallocates the communication resources.
  • the first V2X communication group includes a vehicle and a network side infrastructure; or the first V2X communication group is a vehicle-to-vehicle V2V through communication group, and the vehicle initiating communication directly communicates with the target vehicle; Or the first V2X communication group is a V2V relay communication group, and the vehicle that initiates communication communicates with the target vehicle through the relay node, and the relay node includes a cellular network user terminal, a vehicle or an RSU that provides a relay communication service.
  • the first RSU acquires a traffic density of the first V2X communication group driving section, and the acquired traffic density and the pre- And setting a density threshold; if the acquired traffic density is less than the preset density threshold, allocating resources to the vehicles in the first V2X communication group according to the resource scheduling request of the first V2X communication group and allowing the vehicle to be in the driving section Maintaining the allocated resources, and notifying the second RSU of the resource information occupied by the first V2X communication group; if the acquired traffic density is greater than a preset density threshold, when the vehicles in the first V2X communication group are When a resource scheduling request is initiated, resources are allocated to vehicles in the first V2X communication group according to the principle of polling or proportional allocation.
  • the first RSU is configured with a resource pool dedicated for driving security warning for the first V2X communication group, and receives security warning information that is broadcast by the first V2X communication group by using the resource pool. And sending to other RSUs within the coverage of the first RSU, so that other RSUs broadcast the security warning information within their coverage.
  • the first RSU and the second RSU in the above embodiments may each perform the above method by a processor (for example, the processor 410) included in each.
  • a processor for example, the processor 410 included in each.
  • the storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM), or a random access memory (RAM).

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Abstract

本发明实施例公开了一种资源分配的方法，包括：第一路侧单元RSU接收第一车与外界V2X通信组发送的资源调度请求；为所述第一V2X通信组分配通信资源；其中，所述第一V2X通信组中所包含的车辆行驶方向相同。本发明实施例还公开了一种路侧单元。采用本发明，可提升资源分配的合理性，使得车辆间通信链路和信道质量都比较稳定，充分发挥车联网的性能。

Description

一种资源分配的方法及路侧单元
本申请要求于2016年1月15日提交中国专利局，申请号为201610028065.6、发明名称为“一种资源分配的方法及路侧单元”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种资源分配的方法及路侧单元。
背景技术
车与外界(Vehicle to X，简称V2X)的信息交换，是未来智能交通运输系统的关键技术。它使得车与车、车与基站、车与移动设备之间能够通信。从而获得实时路况、道路信息、行人信息等一系列交通信息，从而提高驾驶安全性，减少拥堵，提高交通效率等。其可以包括车辆与车辆(Vehicle to Vehicle，简称V2V)的信息交换，车辆与基础设施(Vehicle to Infrastructure，简称V2I)的信息交换以及车辆与移动设备的信息交换。其中，V2V指的是一种车辆之间的直接或间接通信行为。对于V2V的场景定义主要有两种：一种是车辆通过上行链路与基站通信，再由基站通过下行链路与目标车辆通信，这是基于Uu链路的V2V通信；另一种是车辆通过PC5链路与路侧单元(Road Side Unit，RSU)，再由RSU通过上行链路与基站通信，此后由基站通过下行链路与目标车辆通信，这是基于Uu链路和PC5链路混合的V2V通信。
对于参与网络接入的车辆，其与传统的蜂窝网络用户的接入特征是有区别的。蜂窝网络用户终端如手机、平板电脑等，通常对功耗控制的要求较高，处于室内应用场景的时间较多，信道环境较为固定。而车辆对功耗限制的要求相比手机等终端可以相对放宽，也可支持更高的处理复杂度，且由于车辆往往是处于变速的运动中，信道环境变化较快，其快慢结合的运动方式使得车辆在不同的接入点(Access Point，AP)之间的切换更为频繁，因此在资源调度等技术层面上都和传统蜂窝网络用户不同。车辆想要进行车辆间通信则必须先向基站 申请资源调度，这和传统蜂窝用户一样。但是由于车辆的移动性，使得车辆可能会在不同的小区之间频繁地切换，基于PC5链路的V2X通信方式受车辆移动性影响，链路易中断；受车辆行驶环境影响，信道质量不稳定；使得通信时延和资源使用的时效性都会受到很大的影响，不利于车联网的性能发挥。
发明内容
本发明实施例所要解决的技术问题在于，提供一种资源分配的方法及装置。以解决V2X通信链路易中断、信道质量不稳定导致车联网性能较低的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明实施例第一方面提供了一种资源分配的方法，包括：
第一路侧单元RSU接收第一车与外界V2X通信组发送的资源调度请求；
为所述第一V2X通信组分配通信资源；
其中，所述第一V2X通信组中的车辆行驶方向相同。
其中，所述第一RSU根据所述第一V2X通信组的行驶方向，将所述第一V2X通信组的资源占用信息发送给位于所述行驶方向上且与所述第一RSU相邻的第二RSU，以便所述第二RSU在所述第一V2X通信组行驶至所述第二RSU覆盖范围内并与第二V2X通信组发生资源冲突时，为所述第一V2X通信组或所述第二V2X通信组解除资源占用并重新分配通信资源。
其中，所述第一V2X通信组包括车辆和网络侧基础设施；或者
所述第一V2X通信组为一个车辆与车辆V2V直通通信组，发起通信的车辆与目标车辆直接通信；或者
所述第一V2X通信组为一个V2V中继通信组，发起通信的车辆通过中继节点与目标车辆通信，所述中继节点包括提供中继通信服务的蜂窝网络用户终端、车辆或RSU。
其中，若所述第一V2X通信组包括车辆和网络侧基础设施，则所述第一RSU获取所述第一V2X通信组行驶路段的车流密度，将获取的车流密度与预设密度阈值比较；
若获取的车流密度小于预设密度阈值，则根据所述第一V2X通信组的资源调度请求为所述第一V2X通信组中的车辆分配资源并允许该车辆在该行驶路段保持占用分配的资源，并将所述第一V2X通信组占用的资源信息通知所述第二 RSU；
若获取的车流密度大于预设密度阈值，则当所述第一V2X通信组中的车辆每发起一次资源调度请求时，根据轮询或等比例分配的原则为所述第一V2X通信组中的车辆分配资源。
其中，还包括：
所述第一RSU为所述第一V2X通信组预配置用于行车安全预警专用的资源池；
接收所述第一V2X通信组使用所述资源池广播的安全预警信息并发送至所述第一RSU覆盖范围内的其他RSU，以便其他RSU在自身覆盖范围内广播所述安全预警信息。
本发明实施例第二方面提供了一种路侧单元，包括：
接收单元，设置为接收第一车与外界V2X通信组发送的资源调度请求；
分配单元，设置为为所述第一V2X通信组分配通信资源；
其中，所述第一V2X通信组中的车辆行驶方向相同。
其中，所述路侧单元还包括：
发送单元，设置为根据所述第一V2X通信组的行驶方向，将所述第一V2X通信组的资源占用信息发送给位于所述行驶方向上且与所述路侧单元RSU相邻的第二RSU，以便所述第二RSU在所述第一V2X通信组行驶至所述第二RSU覆盖范围内并与第二V2X通信组发生资源冲突时，为所述第一V2X通信组或所述第二V2X通信组解除资源占用并重新分配通信资源。
其中，所述第一V2X通信组包括车辆和网络侧基础设施；或者
所述第一V2X通信组为一个车辆与车辆V2V直通通信组，发起通信的车辆与目标车辆直接通信；或者
所述第一V2X通信组为一个V2V中继通信组，发起通信的车辆通过中继节点与目标车辆通信，所述中继节点包括提供中继通信服务的蜂窝网络用户终端、车辆或RSU。
其中，若所述第一V2X通信组包括车辆和网络侧基础设施，则所述接收单元还设置为从车流密度监控设备获取所述第一V2X通信组行驶路段的车流密度，将获取的车流密度与预设密度阈值比较；
若获取的车流密度小于预设密度阈值，则所述分配单元还设置为根据所述 第一V2X通信组的资源调度请求为所述第一V2X通信组中的车辆分配资源并允许该车辆在该行驶路段保持占用分配的资源，所述发送单元还设置为将所述第一V2X通信组占用的资源信息通知所述第二RSU；
若获取的车流密度大于预设密度阈值，则当所述第一V2X通信组中的车辆每发起一次资源调度请求时，所述分配单元还设置为根据轮询或等比例分配的原则为所述第一V2X通信组中的车辆分配资源。
其中，所述分配单元还设置于为所述第一V2X通信组预配置用于行车安全预警专用的资源池；
所述接收单元还设置为接收所述第一V2X通信组使用所述资源池广播的安全预警信息，所述发送单元还设置为发送所述安全预警信息至所述第一RSU覆盖范围内的其他RSU，以便其他RSU在自身覆盖范围内广播所述安全预警信息。
实施本发明实施例，具有如下有益效果：
通过将行驶方向相同且进行通信的车辆看做一个V2X通信组的整体，当接收V2X通信组发送的资源调度请求时，为V2X通信组资源组分配通信资源，这样基于V2X通信组的资源分配方式可以减少资源分配的频率，使得通信组内的车辆通信链路和信道质量都比较稳定，可以充分发挥车联网的性能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明资源分配的方法的第一实施例的流程示意图；
图2是本发明资源分配的方法的第二实施例的流程示意图；
图3是本发明资源分配的方法的第三实施例的流程示意图；
图4是本发明V2V直通通信的场景示意图；
图5是本发明资源分配的方法的第二实施例应用于图4所示场景的信息交互示意图；
图6是本发明V2V中继通信的一种场景示意图；
图7是本发明资源分配的方法的第二实施例应用于图6所示场景的信息交 互示意图；
图8是本发明V2V中继通信的另一种场景示意图；
图9是本发明资源分配的方法的第二实施例应用于图8所示场景的信息交互示意图；
图10是本发明V2X进行安全预警的场景示意图；
图11是本发明资源分配的方法的第三实施例应用于图10所示场景的信息交互示意图；
图12是本发明路侧单元的第一实施例的组成示意图；
图13是本发明路侧单元的第二实施例的组成示意图；
图14是本发明路侧单元的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参照图1，为本发明资源分配的方法的第一实施例的流程示意图，在本实施例中，所述方法包括以下步骤：
S101，第一路侧单元RSU接收第一车与外界V2X通信组发送的资源调度请求。
S102，为所述第一V2X通信组分配通信资源。
其中，所述第一V2X通信组中所包含的车辆行驶方向相同。
V2X可以包括车辆与车辆(Vehicle to Vehicle，简称V2V)的信息交换，车辆与基础设施(Vehicle to Infrastructure，简称V2I)的信息交换以及车辆与移动设备(Vehicle to nomadic devices，简称V2N)甚至车辆与互联网的信息交换。因此，此处的V2X通信组可以包括车辆和网络侧基础设施；即对应于V2I的通信场景。或者
所述第一V2X通信组可以为一个车辆与车辆V2V直通通信组，发起通信的车辆与目标车辆直接通信；或者
所述第一V2X通信组为一个V2V中继通信组或V2I中继通信组，发起通 信的车辆通过中继节点与目标车辆通信，所述中继节点包括提供中继通信服务的蜂窝网络用户终端、车辆或RSU。
V2V指车辆之间的直接或间接通信行为，如车辆间进行资源共享或通知信息的传播等。在V2V场景下，不同车辆运行的速度不是相对恒定的。异向行驶的车辆之间的通信链路稳定性取决于车辆的通行速率，一般情况下，由于反向运动的相对速度倍增，链路往往在短时间内就会中断，故除交通拥挤等特殊情况下，并不属于典型的V2V场景。相比较而言，同一方向行驶的车辆则可能依靠功率控制、轨迹预测等手段，在一定的行驶速率条件下，实现相对稳定的V2V通信。因此，可以将V2V的车辆组合在一起，在分配资源时，基于V2V的通信组来进行分配，且由于同一个通信组内的车辆通信较为稳定，因此无需该通信组内的车辆频繁地进行资源调度。而同向行驶的车辆流是不断地按顺序前行的，所以在一段时间内，相邻的RSU覆盖范围内使用同一资源块的V2V匹配对所占用的资源可以像流水线一样向前推送，车辆可以不必频繁地向RSU重新申请调度资源，且在不同RSU范围内的车辆组超出相互干扰的距离时，还可以复用同一时频资源，提高资源利用率。
若所述第一V2X通信组包括车辆和网络侧基础设施，则所述第一RSU获取所述第一V2X通信组行驶路段的车流密度，将获取的车流密度与预设密度阈值比较；
若获取的车流密度小于预设密度阈值，则根据所述第一V2X通信组的资源调度请求为所述第一V2X通信组中的车辆分配资源并允许该车辆在该行驶路段保持占用分配的资源，并将所述第一V2X通信组占用的资源信息通知所述第二RSU；
若获取的车流密度大于预设密度阈值，则当所述第一V2X通信组中的车辆每发起一次资源调度请求时，根据轮询或等比例分配的原则为所述第一V2X通信组中的车辆分配资源。
若所述第一V2X通信组包括车辆与网络侧基础设施，即V2I通信，V2I指车与基础设施(如RSU)通信的行为。不同于V2V场景下通信实体的移动性，V2I中的基础设施一般是静止不动的。这就意味着V2I要保持连贯的通信行为，就必然经历着车辆对RSU频繁的切换过程。在城市里，塞车时段和车辆稀疏时段的资源分配方法也可以有所区别。当车辆拥挤的时候，车辆行驶缓慢，车流 密度大，那么V2I的通信资源需要每次进行通信行为的时候都要申请。此外，若需为V2V通信组分配资源，为降低信令开销，可根据不同V2V通信组之间的相对速率条件，向多个V2V通信对的资源申请进行群组划分与分配。当车流稀疏的时候，单个RSU覆盖范围下可用的资源超过车辆的数目，则可简化车辆对资源申请的流程，车辆在一定路段可保持占用同一资源，而不必频繁地重新申请资源，以简化信令流程和保持通信的流畅性。并改由RSU侧的RSU之间进行资源的管理。
在本实施例中，通过将行驶方向相同且进行通信的车辆看做一个V2X通信组的整体，当接收V2X通信组发送的资源调度请求时，为V2X通信组资源组分配通信资源，这样基于V2X通信组的资源分配方式可以减少资源分配的频率，使得通信组内的车辆通信链路和信道质量都比较稳定，可以充分发挥车联网的性能。
请参照图2，为本发明资源分配的方法的第二实施例的流程示意图，在本实施例中，步骤S201-S202与步骤S101-S102相同，此处不再赘述，在与步骤S102相同的步骤S202之后，所述方法还包括以下步骤：
S203，所述第一RSU根据所述第一V2X通信组的行驶方向，将所述第一V2X通信组的资源占用信息发送给位于所述行驶方向上且与所述第一RSU相邻的第二RSU，以便所述第二RSU在所述第一V2X通信组行驶至所述第二RSU覆盖范围内并与第二V2X通信组发生资源冲突时，为所述第一V2X通信组或所述第二V2X通信组解除资源占用并重新分配通信资源。
其中，所述资源占用信息可以包括但不限于V2X通信组占用的资源信息、V2X通信组内的车辆标识信息、车辆地理位置、车辆行驶速度、是否支持V2X通信。
由于同向行驶的车辆流是不断地按顺序前行的，所以在一段时间内，相邻的RSU覆盖范围内使用同一资源块的V2V通信组所占用的资源可以像流水线一样向前推送，车辆可以不必频繁地向RSU重新申请调度资源，而改由RSU间互相通知已占用资源块并进行相应的管理。RSU可根据现实情况决定是前向解除先占用已有资源的车辆对资源的占用，还是后向解除其他驶入其覆盖范围内、并可能引起资源冲突的车辆对资源的占用。
在此，解除资源占用的定义是：RSU(或基站)以空口信令、RSU间接口 信令(或基站间接口信令)等方式禁止指定的车辆对或通信组对已被分配的资源或资源池的使用权限，并为其重新分配可用的资源或资源池。
下面对应于不同场景下的具体应用结合图4-图9进行详细说明。
请一并参见图4和图5，其中，图4是本发明V2V直通通信的场景示意图；图5是本发明资源分配的方法的第二实施例应用于图4所示场景的信息交互示意图；如图4所示，包含第一V2X通信组和第二V2X通信组(图中用V2X通信组1表示)，且两个通信组均为V2V直通通信组(图中分别用V2V通信组1、V2V通信组2表示)，在两个通信组的行驶方向上依次分布了三个RSU：RSU1、RSU2、RSU3。
由于V2V通信双方的多向移动性特征，车辆需要与邻近车辆发起V2V通信行为的时候，向RSU申请资源调度，V2V通信双方在被分配的资源上进行基于PC5链路的直通通信。在传统的车联网资源分配方案中，只考虑了对车辆个体的资源分配，而没有考虑到车辆视距通信特性所引出的以车辆对或车辆组为单位的资源分配方案。车辆被分配的资源有效时间由RSU决定。车辆周期性地上报自己的信息，可以包括但不限于地理位置、行驶速度、车辆标识、是否支持V2X通信等。若RSU分配资源需要车辆地理信息，可由车辆周期上报的地理位置信息与速度所测算的运行轨迹来获取。如图4所示，当V2V通信组1向前移动的时候，V2V通信组2也是向前移动的，它们在超过相互干扰距离的时候，可以复用同一时频资源。此后：
若V2V通信组1行驶入RSU2的覆盖范围内时，V2V通信组2已经离开RSU2的覆盖范围，则V2V通信组1和V2V通信组2仍然可以继续使用同一资源分别通信。
若V2V通信组2离开RSU2的覆盖范围前，V2V通信组1就行驶入RSU2的覆盖范围内，则RSU2可以根据由RSU1提前传输来的V2V通信组1的车辆标识、行驶速度等信息，预测V2V通信组1的行驶轨迹，并选择是前向解除V2V通信组2所占用的资源为其重新分配资源，还是后向解除V2V通信组1所占用的资源为其重新分配资源。
提出前向与后向解除资源占用的操作区别的意义在于：当存在不同的V2X通信链路/链路群复用了同一资源块的时候，RSU可根据便利性的执行原则来决定为哪一实体分配资源。举例说明，若有一个三车辆构成的V2V中继通信组和 一个单车辆与RSU构成的V2I通信组在邻近地域复用同一资源块，这两个通信群体驶入干扰范围且所复用资源冲突时，RSU为单车辆重新分配资源所需的调度信令与为三车辆重新分配资源所需的调度信令相比，明显更为简单。故而无论是三车辆V2V中继通信组先占用还是后占用复用的资源块，都可以选择更为简便的方案，即为单车辆V2I通信对重新分配资源的方案。
其具体流程可参照图5所示：
1、V2V通信组1申请资源调度。
2、响应的RSU1为V2V通信组1分配通信资源。
3、RSU1将当前V2V通信组1已占用的资源、通信车辆的标识、行驶速率等信息(以下简称“V2V信息”)推送给行驶方向的下一个RSU，即RSU2。
4、若V2V通信组1行驶入RSU2覆盖范围内时要使用的资源已被占用，根据效率优先或性能优先等原则，为V2V通信组2前向解除资源占用并重新分配资源，或为V2V通信组1前向解除资源占用并重新分配资源。
5、RSU2将V2V信息推送给行驶方向的下一个RSU，即RSU3。
当车辆间距离超过有效通信距离的时候，V2V直通通信模式终止，可切换为V2V中继通信或V2I中继通信。
请再一并参见图6和图7，其中，图6是本发明V2V中继通信的一种场景示意图；图7是本发明资源分配的方法的第二实施例应用于图6所示场景的信息交互示意图；如图6所示，包含第一V2X通信组和第二V2X通信组，且第一V2X通信组为一个V2V中继通信组，第二V2X通信组为V2V直通通信组，在两个通信组的行驶方向上依次分布了三个RSU：RSU1、RSU2、RSU3。
中继节点为车辆，具体的信息交互流程如图7所示：
1、V2V直通链路断开或车辆不在直通范围内，申请中继。
2、响应的RSU1为V2V中继通信组分配通信资源。
3、RSU1将当前V2V通信对已占用的资源、通信车辆(含中继车辆)的标识、行驶速率等信息(以下简称“V2V及中继信息”)推送给行驶方向的下一个RSU，即RSU2。
4、若V2V中继通信组行驶入RSU2覆盖范围内时要使用的资源已被占用，根据效率优先或性能优先等原则，选择前向或后向解除资源占用并重新分配资源。
5、RSU2将当前V2V及中继信息推送给行驶方向的下一个RSU，即RSU3。
请再一并参见图8和图9，其中，图8是本发明V2V中继通信的另一种场景示意图；图9是本发明资源分配的方法的第二实施例应用于图8所示场景的信息交互示意图；如图8所示，包含第一V2X通信组，且第一V2X通信组为一个V2V中继通信组，在该通信组的行驶方向上依次分布了三个RSU：RSU1、RSU2、RSU3。
中继节点为RSU，具体的信息交互流程如图9所示：
1、V2V直通链路断开或车辆不在直通范围内，申请中继。
2、响应的RSU1为V2V中继通信组分配通信资源，并承担中继任务。
3、RSU1将当前V2V及中继信息推送给行驶方向的下一个RSU，即RSU2。
4、若V2V中继通信组行驶入RSU2覆盖范围内时要使用的资源已被占用，根据效率优先或性能优先等原则决定是否为V2V中继通信组重新分配资源。
以RSU作为中继节点的V2V中继通信，包含了以终端类型的RSU为中继节点所进行的PC5链路中继通信，也包含了以基站类型的RSU为中继节点所进行的PC5/Uu链路中继通信。
请参照图3，为本发明资源分配的方法的第三实施例的流程示意图，在本实施例中，所述方法包括以下步骤：
S301，所述第一RSU为所述第一V2X通信组预配置用于行车安全预警专用的资源池。
S302，接收所述第一V2X通信组使用所述资源池广播的安全预警信息并发送至所述第一RSU覆盖范围内的其他RSU，以便其他RSU在自身覆盖范围内广播所述安全预警信息。
对于与行车安全相关的紧急行为，车辆有时候是来不及向基站或RSU发起资源调度请求的。如车辆向基站或RSU申请资源调度引起的时延超过司机行驶反应速度的时候，遇到紧急刹车、高速车祸、雾天视线阻碍等情况会使得意外难以避免。这就需要为车辆预配置公共安全专用的资源池，使得车辆可以在遇到意外时可以为其它车辆进行主动的紧急安全预警通知。
应用于与行车安全的紧急行为的V2X资源分配，一般应采用预配置的方式，确保紧急情况下的资源可用性。因出现行车安全事件的概率一般不大，所需预配置的资源池规模可以较小。当遇到紧急情况时，车辆可以在预配置的资源池 上使用广播等方式进行行车安全预警。
请一并参见图10和图11，其中，图10是本发明V2X进行安全预警的场景示意图；图11是本发明资源分配的方法的第三实施例应用于图10所示场景的信息交互示意图；如图10所示，右端的车辆发生事故，其可以使用预配置的资源向周围车辆及RSU广播安全预警信息。具体的信息交互如图11所示：
1、RSU为车辆预配置行车安全预警专用的资源池。
2、当车辆遇到紧急的行车安全事件时，可通过预配置资源池向周边设备广播预警。
3、接收到行车安全预警信息的RSU可以将信息推送给其它的RSU。
4、其它RSU可以在自身覆盖范围内为其它车辆推送行车安全事件的预警信息。
需要说明的是，为了描述简便，以上实施例中的资源分配均由RSU完成，在某些场景中，RSU可能还需要与基站通信来完成资源调度。
请参照图12，为本发明路侧单元的第一实施例的组成示意图；在本实施例中，所述路侧单元包括：
接收单元100，设置为接收第一车与外界V2X通信组发送的资源调度请求；
分配单元200，设置为为所述第一V2X通信组分配通信资源；
其中，所述第一V2X通信组中所包含的车辆行驶方向相同。
可选地，所述第一V2X通信组包括车辆与网络侧基础设施；或者
所述第一V2X通信组为一个车辆与车辆V2V直通通信组，发起通信的车辆与目标车辆直接通信；或者
所述第一V2X通信组为一个V2V中继通信组，发起通信的车辆通过中继节点与目标车辆通信，所述中继节点包括提供中继通信服务的蜂窝网络用户终端、车辆或RSU。
请参照图13，为本发明路侧单元的第二实施例的组成示意图，在本实施例中，与图12所示实施例相比，本发明实施例中所述的路侧单元还包括：
发送单元300，设置为根据所述第一V2X通信组的行驶方向，将所述第一V2X通信组的资源占用信息发送给位于所述行驶方向上且与所述路侧单元RSU相邻的第二RSU，以便所述第二RSU在所述第一V2X通信组行驶至所述第二RSU覆盖范围内并与第二V2X通信组发生资源冲突时，为所述第一V2X通信 组或所述第二V2X通信组解除资源占用并重新分配通信资源。
可选地，若所述第一V2X通信组包括车辆与网络侧基础设施，则所述接收单元100还设置为从车流密度监控设备获取所述第一V2X通信组行驶路段的车流密度，将获取的车流密度与预设密度阈值比较；
若获取的车流密度小于预设密度阈值，则所述分配单元200还设置为根据所述第一V2X通信组的资源调度请求为所述第一V2X通信组中的车辆分配资源并允许该车辆在该行驶路段保持占用分配的资源，所述发送单元300还设置为将所述第一V2X通信组占用的资源信息通知所述第二RSU；
若获取的车流密度大于预设密度阈值，则当所述第一V2X通信组中的车辆每发起一次资源调度请求时，所述分配单元200还设置为根据轮询或等比例分配的原则为所述第一V2X通信组中的车辆分配资源。
可选地，所述分配单元200还设置于为所述第一V2X通信组预配置用于行车安全预警专用的资源池；
所述接收单元100还设置为接收所述第一V2X通信组使用所述资源池广播的安全预警信息，所述发送单元300还设置为发送所述安全预警信息至所述第一RSU覆盖范围内的其他RSU，以便其他RSU在自身覆盖范围内广播所述安全预警信息。
以上接收单元100、分配单元200和发送单元300可以独立存在，也可以集成设置，接收单元100、分配单元200或发送单元300可以以硬件的形式独立于路侧单元的处理器单独设置，且设置形式可以是微处理器的形式；也可以以硬件形式内嵌于该路侧单元的处理器中，还可以以软件形式存储于该路侧单元的存储器中，以便于该路侧单元的处理器调用执行以上接收单元100、分配单元200和发送单元300对应的操作。
例如，在本发明路侧单元的第二实施例(图13所示的实施例)中，分配单元200可以为该路侧单元的处理器，而接收单元100和发送单元300的功能可以内嵌于该处理器中，也可以独立于处理器单独设置，也可以以软件的形式存储于存储器中，由处理器调用实现其功能。本发明实施例不做任何限制。以上处理器可以为中央处理单元(CPU)、微处理器、单片机等。
需要说明的是，本说明书中的各个实施例均采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其它实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似的部 分互相参见即可。对于装置实施例而言，由于其与方法实施例基本相似，所以描述的比较简单，相关之处参见方法实施例的部分说明即可。
通过上述实施例的描述，本发明具有以下优点：
通过将行驶方向相同且进行通信的车辆看做一个V2X通信组的整体，当接收V2X通信组发送的资源调度请求时，为V2X通信组资源组分配通信资源，这样基于V2X通信组的资源分配方式可以减少资源分配的频率，使得通信组内的车辆通信链路和信道质量都比较稳定，可以充分发挥车联网的性能。
图14是本发明路侧单元的结构示意图。本发明实施例中的路侧单元包括：至少一个处理器410，例如CPU，至少一个无线通信单元413，至少一个存储器414，至少一个射频控制器415。其中，所述无线通信单元413可以是3G通信单元。所述射频控制器415是控制发射和接收数据以及处理向上位机收发信息的模块。所述存储器414可以是高速RAM存储器，也可以是非不稳定的存储器(non-volatile memory)。
所述处理器410可执行所述路侧单元内安装的各类软件、程序代码等，例如，上述的各个单元，包括所述接收单元100、所述发送单元300等。
所述存储器414中存储有程序代码，且所述处理器410可调用所述存储器414中存储的程序代码以执行相关的功能。例如，图12、图13中所述的各个单元(例如，所述接收单元100、所述发送单元300等)是存储在所述存储器414中的程序代码，并由所述处理器410所执行，从而实现所述路侧单元及其所包括的各个单元的功能以对资源进行分配。
在本发明的一个实施例中，所述存储器414存储多个指令，所述多个指令被所述处理器410所执行以实现资源分配的方法。具体而言，所述处理器410对所述多个指令的执行包括：接收第一车与外界V2X通信组发送的资源调度请求；为所述第一V2X通信组分配通信资源；其中，所述第一V2X通信组中所包含的车辆行驶方向相同。
在进一步的实施例中，所述第一RSU根据所述第一V2X通信组的行驶方向，将所述第一V2X通信组的资源占用信息发送给位于所述行驶方向上且与所述第一RSU相邻的第二RSU，以便所述第二RSU在所述第一V2X通信组行驶至所述第二RSU覆盖范围内并与第二V2X通信组发生资源冲突时，为所述第一V2X通信组或所述第二V2X通信组解除资源占用并重新分配通信资源。
在进一步的实施例中，所述第一V2X通信组包括车辆与网络侧基础设施；或者所述第一V2X通信组为一个车辆与车辆V2V直通通信组，发起通信的车辆与目标车辆直接通信；或者所述第一V2X通信组为一个V2V中继通信组，发起通信的车辆通过中继节点与目标车辆通信，所述中继节点包括提供中继通信服务的蜂窝网络用户终端、车辆或RSU。
在进一步的实施例中，若所述第一V2X通信组包括车辆与网络侧基础设施，则所述第一RSU获取所述第一V2X通信组行驶路段的车流密度，将获取的车流密度与预设密度阈值比较；若获取的车流密度小于预设密度阈值，则根据所述第一V2X通信组的资源调度请求为所述第一V2X通信组中的车辆分配资源并允许该车辆在该行驶路段保持占用分配的资源，并将所述第一V2X通信组占用的资源信息通知所述第二RSU；若获取的车流密度大于预设密度阈值，则当所述第一V2X通信组中的车辆每发起一次资源调度请求时，根据轮询或等比例分配的原则为所述第一V2X通信组中的车辆分配资源。
在进一步的实施例中，所述第一RSU为所述第一V2X通信组预配置用于行车安全预警专用的资源池；接收所述第一V2X通信组使用所述资源池广播的安全预警信息并发送至所述第一RSU覆盖范围内的其他RSU，以便其他RSU在自身覆盖范围内广播所述安全预警信息。
上述实施例中的所述第一RSU以及所述第二RSU皆可通过各自包括的处理器(例如，所述处理器410)来执行上述方法。
具体地，所述处理器410对上述指令的具体实现方法可参考图1至图3对应实施例中相关步骤的描述，在此不赘述。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程，是可以通过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成，所述的程序可存储于一计算机可读取存储介质中，该程序在执行时，可包括如上述各方法的实施例的流程。其中，所述的存储介质可为磁碟、光盘、只读存储记忆体(Read-Only Memory，简称ROM)或随机存储记忆体(Random Access Memory，简称RAM)等。
以上所揭露的仅为本发明较佳实施例而已，当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围，因此依本发明权利要求所作的等同变化，仍属本发明所涵盖的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种资源分配的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第一路侧单元RSU接收第一车与外界V2X通信组发送的资源调度请求；
    为所述第一V2X通信组分配通信资源；
    其中，所述第一V2X通信组中所包含的车辆行驶方向相同。
  2. 如权利要求所述1的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    所述第一RSU根据所述第一V2X通信组的行驶方向，将所述第一V2X通信组的资源占用信息发送给位于所述行驶方向上且与所述第一RSU相邻的第二RSU，以便所述第二RSU在所述第一V2X通信组行驶至所述第二RSU覆盖范围内并与第二V2X通信组发生资源冲突时，为所述第一V2X通信组或所述第二V2X通信组解除资源占用并重新分配通信资源。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述第一V2X通信组包括车辆与网络侧基础设施；或者
    所述第一V2X通信组为一个车辆与车辆V2V直通通信组，发起通信的车辆与目标车辆直接通信；或者
    所述第一V2X通信组为一个V2V中继通信组，发起通信的车辆通过中继节点与目标车辆通信，所述中继节点包括提供中继通信服务的蜂窝网络用户终端、车辆或RSU。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，若所述第一V2X通信组包括车辆与网络侧基础设施，则所述第一RSU获取所述第一V2X通信组行驶路段的车流密度，将获取的车流密度与预设密度阈值比较；
    若获取的车流密度小于预设密度阈值，则根据所述第一V2X通信组的资源调度请求为所述第一V2X通信组中的车辆分配资源并允许该车辆在该行驶路段保持占用分配的资源，并将所述第一V2X通信组占用的资源信息通知所述第二RSU；
    若获取的车流密度大于预设密度阈值，则当所述第一V2X通信组中的车辆每发起一次资源调度请求时，根据轮询或等比例分配的原则为所述第一V2X通信组中的车辆分配资源。
  5. 如权利要求1-4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    所述第一RSU为所述第一V2X通信组预配置用于行车安全预警专用的资源 池；
    接收所述第一V2X通信组使用所述资源池广播的安全预警信息并发送至所述第一RSU覆盖范围内的其他RSU，以便其他RSU在自身覆盖范围内广播所述安全预警信息。
  6. 一种路侧单元，其特征在于，包括：
    接收单元，设置为接收第一车与外界V2X通信组发送的资源调度请求；
    分配单元，设置为为所述第一V2X通信组分配通信资源；
    其中，所述第一V2X通信组中所包含的车辆行驶方向相同。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的路侧单元，其特征在于，所述路侧单元还包括：
    发送单元，设置为根据所述第一V2X通信组的行驶方向，将所述第一V2X通信组的资源占用信息发送给位于所述行驶方向上且与所述路侧单元RSU相邻的第二RSU，以便所述第二RSU在所述第一V2X通信组行驶至所述第二RSU覆盖范围内并与第二V2X通信组发生资源冲突时，为所述第一V2X通信组或所述第二V2X通信组解除资源占用并重新分配通信资源。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的路侧单元，其特征在于，
    所述第一V2X通信组包括车辆与网络侧基础设施；或者
    所述第一V2X通信组为一个车辆与车辆V2V直通通信组，发起通信的车辆与目标车辆直接通信；或者
    所述第一V2X通信组为一个V2V中继通信组，发起通信的车辆通过中继节点与目标车辆通信，所述中继节点包括提供中继通信服务的蜂窝网络用户终端、车辆或RSU。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的路侧单元，其特征在于，若所述第一V2X通信组包括车辆和网络侧基础设施，则所述接收单元还设置为从车流密度监控设备获取所述第一V2X通信组行驶路段的车流密度，将获取的车流密度与预设密度阈值比较；
    若获取的车流密度小于预设密度阈值，则所述分配单元还设置为根据所述第一V2X通信组的资源调度请求为所述第一V2X通信组中的车辆分配资源并允许该车辆在该行驶路段保持占用分配的资源，所述发送单元还设置为将所述第一V2X通信组占用的资源信息通知所述第二RSU；
    若获取的车流密度大于预设密度阈值，则当所述第一V2X通信组中的车辆 每发起一次资源调度请求时，所述分配单元还设置为根据轮询或等比例分配的原则为所述第一V2X通信组中的车辆分配资源。
  10. 如权利要求7-9任一项所述的路侧单元，其特征在于，所述分配单元还设置于为所述第一V2X通信组预配置用于行车安全预警专用的资源池；
    所述接收单元还设置为接收所述第一V2X通信组使用所述资源池广播的安全预警信息，所述发送单元还设置为发送所述安全预警信息至所述第一RSU覆盖范围内的其他RSU，以便其他RSU在自身覆盖范围内广播所述安全预警信息。
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