WO2017117883A1 - 一种微合金化轿车碳素轮毂轴承用钢及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种微合金化轿车碳素轮毂轴承用钢及其制造方法 Download PDF

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WO2017117883A1
WO2017117883A1 PCT/CN2016/079010 CN2016079010W WO2017117883A1 WO 2017117883 A1 WO2017117883 A1 WO 2017117883A1 CN 2016079010 W CN2016079010 W CN 2016079010W WO 2017117883 A1 WO2017117883 A1 WO 2017117883A1
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Prior art keywords
steel
equal
less
content
carbon
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PCT/CN2016/079010
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈敏
李峰
尹青
翟蛟龙
耿克
张剑锋
黄镇
鲍俭
阮小江
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江阴兴澄特种钢铁有限公司
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Application filed by 江阴兴澄特种钢铁有限公司 filed Critical 江阴兴澄特种钢铁有限公司
Priority to KR1020177037005A priority Critical patent/KR20180008798A/ko
Priority to EP16883027.1A priority patent/EP3296417A4/en
Priority to JP2017567419A priority patent/JP2018525520A/ja
Publication of WO2017117883A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017117883A1/zh
Priority to US15/836,895 priority patent/US20180100211A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
    • B22D11/114—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means
    • B22D11/115—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means by using magnetic fields
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
    • B22D11/1206—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for plastic shaping of strands
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
    • B22D11/1213—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for heating or insulating strands
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
    • B22D11/122—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ using magnetic fields
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
    • B22D11/18—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
    • B22D11/22—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould
    • B22D11/225—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould for secondary cooling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/54—Processes yielding slags of special composition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
    • C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/008—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
    • B21B2001/225—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length by hot-rolling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B27/00—Hubs
    • B60B27/02—Hubs adapted to be rotatably arranged on axle
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/18—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls
    • F16C19/181—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact
    • F16C19/183—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles
    • F16C19/184—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement
    • F16C19/186—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement with three raceways provided integrally on parts other than race rings, e.g. third generation hubs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • F16C2204/70—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys with chromium as the next major constituent
    • F16C2204/72—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys with chromium as the next major constituent with nickel as further constituent, e.g. stainless steel

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of special steel smelting, and specifically relates to steel for bridge carbon bearing and the corresponding manufacturing method.
  • the main function of the hub bearing is to provide weight and provide precise guidance for the rotation of the hub. It is both an axial load and a radial load and is a very important component. Therefore, the requirements for the performance of the steel for the hub bearing for the production of the hub bearing are also higher and higher, especially for the wear resistance, hardenability, purity and uniformity of the material.
  • domestic and foreign carbon wheel bearing steel G55, C56E2 and other products due to the limitations of product quality, can not fully meet the demand for high-end automotive users for wheel bearing steel, therefore, the product performance of the better wheel bearing steel burst It is imminent.
  • the steel for the hub bearing must have the following properties: high fatigue strength, elastic strength, yield strength and toughness, high wear resistance, high and uniform hardness, and certain corrosion resistance.
  • the user has required the hardenability of the steel because of the need to surface quench the channel of the hub bearing ring after the material is processed.
  • Non-metallic inclusions in steel destroy the continuity and uniformity of the metal. According to the conditions of use of the bearing, under the action of alternating stress, the inclusions tend to cause stress concentration, which becomes a source of fatigue cracks and reduces the fatigue life of the bearing.
  • hard and brittle inclusions such as Al 2 O 3 inclusions (category B) arranged in a string or point chain in the rolling direction, non-deformed punctiform or spherical inclusions (Class D) and large particles dot or Spherical inclusion
  • High-end wheel bearing steel is very sensitive to tissue uniformity and composition segregation, especially the segregation of central carbon, which leads to uneven bearing structure, which seriously affects the performance of the product and reduces the service life of the bearing. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the uniformity of the steel structure and reduce the central carbon segregation of the steel.
  • the present invention satisfies the requirements of strength, hardness, toughness, wear resistance and hardenability of steel materials for hub bearings.
  • the invention has invented a new micro-alloyed car carbon by rationally designing the chemical composition of steel materials. Wheel bearing steel C56E2XS.
  • Non-metallic inclusions are tested according to GB/T 10561 A, and the maximum values of various types of inclusions do not exceed the requirements of Table 1.
  • the carbon content of the carbon segregation zone of the steel inspection center required by the C56E2XS of the present invention does not exceed 10% of the normal smelting carbon content, which is far lower than the existing central carbon segregation amount.
  • a microalloyed car carbon wheel bearing steel the chemical composition is C: 0.45-0.70% by mass percentage, Si: 0.10 ⁇ 0.50 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4, Mn: 0.30
  • C is the most economical and basic strengthening element in steel.
  • the strength of steel can be significantly improved by solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening, but too high C will adversely affect the toughness and elongation properties of steel.
  • the range of the C content of the present invention is determined to be 0.45 to 0.70%, and the present invention relates to the steel material belonging to the medium carbon steel category;
  • Si silicon
  • the addition of Si to steel can strengthen the ferrite and increase the strength, elastic limit and hardenability, but Si makes steel The tendency to overheat sensitivity, cracking and decarburization increases.
  • the range of the Si content of the present invention is determined to be from 0.10 to 0.50%.
  • Mn as a deoxidizing element in the steelmaking process, can improve the hardenability of the steel, and Mn can also fix the form of sulfur in the steel and form MnS and (Fe, Mn)S which are less harmful to the performance of the steel, and reduce Or inhibit the production of FeS, so the steel contains a small amount of manganese (Mn content of 0.10-0.70%), which can improve the purity and performance of steel.
  • Mn content in steel is too high, it will produce obvious temper brittleness, and Mn will promote the grain growth, which will lead to the steel's overheat sensitivity and crack tendency, and the dimensional stability will decrease. Customer use has an adverse effect.
  • the high Mn content also reduces the corrosion resistance of the steel and affects the performance of the final product bearing.
  • carbon-carbon bearing steels at home and abroad such as G55, C56E2, etc.
  • the Mn content is generally required to be 0.70-0.90%, the actual control is about 0.80%, due to the high Mn content, the steel surface cracks, the customer is heating Forging is easy to produce chapped, which affects the customer's use and reduces the service life of the finished bearing.
  • Mn element in the steel, so as to retain the favorable factors such as improving the hardenability and purity of the steel, and the Mn content should not be too high, so as to reduce the adverse effects as much as possible.
  • the range of the Mn content of the invention was determined to be 0.30 to 0.70%.
  • Cr is a carbide forming element, which can improve hardenability, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of steel. Cr in the steel, part of the replacement of iron to form alloy cementite, improve the tempering stability of the steel; a part of the dissolved in the ferrite, solid solution strengthening, increase the strength and hardness of the ferrite. In addition, Cr also reduces the thermal tilting tendency of the steel and the rate of surface decarburization. However, the Cr content is too high, and combined with the carbon in the steel, it is easy to form large carbides.
  • This insoluble carbide reduces the toughness of the steel, the bearing life decreases, and the Cr content is too high, and the hardness of the steel is too large, which is not conducive to Customer processing and use (customers generally require the hardness of steel for carbon hub bearings ⁇ 255HB W).
  • carbon bearing steels at home and abroad, Cr are used as residual elements in steel, generally requiring ⁇ 0.2%, which will not be added intentionally.
  • the present invention considers that the addition of Cr element in the steel can improve the strength, hardness, corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the steel, thereby improving the service life of the finished bearing, and also making up for the hardening of the steel due to the low Mn content. The adverse effects of reduced sexuality.
  • the present invention determines the range of Cr content to be 0.20-0.60% based on the designed content of Mn.
  • A1 content is added as deoxidizing element in steel.
  • A1 and N form finely dispersed aluminum nitride inclusions to refine grains, but A1 content is large, and it is easy to form during molten steel melting.
  • A1 2 0 3 and other brittle inclusions reduce the purity of molten steel.
  • the range of the A1 content of the present invention is determined to be ⁇ 0.04%.
  • the Ca content increases the number and size of large-sized spot oxides in steel, and the same as the point-like oxides have high hardness and poor plasticity, and they are not deformed after steel deformation, and it is easy to form voids at the interface. The performance of the steel deteriorates.
  • the range of the Ca content of the present invention is determined to be ⁇ 0.001%.
  • Ti damage to the bearing is in the form of titanium nitride, titanium carbonitride inclusions remaining in the steel.
  • the inclusions are hard and angular, which seriously affects the fatigue life of the bearing, especially in the case of a significant increase in purity and a small amount of other oxide inclusions.
  • Ti-containing inclusions not only reduce the fatigue life of the bearing, but also affect the roughness of the bearing.
  • the range of the Ti content of the present invention is determined to be ⁇ 0.0 03 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4.
  • the range is determined to be ⁇ 0.001 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4.
  • P severely causes segregation of solidified bismuth in steel, and P dissolves in ferrite to cause grain distortion and coarseness, and increases cold brittleness.
  • the range of the P content of the present invention is determined to be ⁇ 0.025%. S makes the steel hot brittle and reduces the ductility and toughness of the steel. However, adding an appropriate amount of S to the steel can improve the machinability.
  • the range of the S content of the present invention is determined to be 0.003 - 0.030%.
  • Sn, Sb, Pb and other trace elements are all low-melting non-ferrous metals.
  • the surface of the bearing parts has soft spots and uneven hardness, so they are regarded as steel. Harmful elements, the range of the content of these elements of the present invention is determined as As ⁇ 0.04 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4, Sn ⁇ 0.03%, Sb ⁇ 0.005%, Pb ⁇ 0.002%
  • the above-mentioned microalloyed car carbon wheel bearing steel manufacturing process is electric furnace or converter one furnace refining _ _VD or RH vacuum degassing one continuous rolling one sawing a pile of cold one finishing surface and An internal flaw detection package.
  • [0037] control the inclusion content and size and composition of the steel, using electric furnace control under the technology, refined composition and control, deoxidizer selection and process optimization, vacuum treatment process optimization, tundish metallurgy, large package Xicheng test and other technologies, continuous casting anti-oxidation protection to reduce the amount of inclusions in the steel, in addition to the selection of high-quality refractory materials to reduce the control of steel contamination caused by foreign inclusions, strengthen the control of the production process, thereby controlling the shape and composition of inclusions .
  • the superheating of the casting does not exceed 35 ° C, and is equipped with a suitable pulling speed and cooling strength of the second cooling section to ensure the growth of the continuous casting billet.
  • the continuous casting process using M-EMS and F-EMS double effectively improve and reduce the segregation of the composition of the continuous casting billet, in particular, after increasing the solidification end of the electromagnetic stirring, the solidification density of the billet is obtained. Improvement, the looseness and shrinkage of the center of the slab are effectively controlled, and the spacing of the secondary dendrite arms is significantly improved, the central equiaxed crystal ratio is significantly improved, and the crystal grains are refined, thereby significantly improving the quality of the slab and reducing Component segregation.
  • the continuous casting slab is subjected to high temperature diffusion, and the heating temperature is 1150 ⁇ 1250 ° C, and the heating time is ⁇ 31. Improve the segregation of steel.
  • the manufacturing process of the carbon hub bearing steel of each embodiment is an electric furnace or a converter - refining outside the furnace - vacuum degassing
  • VD or RH Continuous casting – continuous rolling and sawing – stacking cold – finishing – surface and internal flaw detection – packaging.
  • the continuous casting process is cast with low superheat, the superheat of pouring is not more than 35 °C, and equipped with suitable pulling speed and cooling strength of the second cooling section.
  • the continuous casting is advanced with M-EMS and F-EMS. Measures to effectively improve and reduce the segregation of constituents of the continuous casting billet.
  • the rolled steel is diffused by high temperature, the heating temperature is 1150 ⁇ 1250 °C, and the heating is ⁇ 3h, which improves the segregation of the steel.
  • the mechanical properties of the steels of the examples are shown in Table 4.
  • the carbon hub steels of the above embodiments of the present invention have comparable requirements for strength, hardness, toughness, wear resistance, and hardenability compared with the existing hub steels, and are slightly better than the present. There are wheel steel.
  • the carbon content of the carbon segregation zone of the C56E2XS steel inspection center in the embodiments of the present invention does not exceed 10% of the normal smelting carbon content, and the central carbon segregation is significantly limited, thereby ensuring uniformity of the steel structure. Sex.

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Abstract

一种微合金化轿车碳素轮毂轴承用钢，化学成分为C0.45～0.70％，Si0.10～0.50％，Mn0.30～0.70％，Cr0.20～0.60％，P≤0.025％，S0.003～0.030％，Mo≤0.1％，Ni≤0.2％，Al≤0.04％，Cu≤0.3％，Ca≤0.001％，　Ti≤0.003％，O≤0.001％，As≤0.04％，Sn≤0.03％，Sb≤0.005％，Pb≤0.002％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。制造流程为电炉或转炉-炉外精炼-VD或RH真空脱气-连铸-连轧-锯切-堆冷-精整-表面及内部探伤-包装。

Description

说明书 发明名称：一种微合金化轿车碳素轮毂轴承用钢及其制造方法 技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于特种钢冶炼技术领域， 具体涉及桥车碳素轮毂轴承用钢及相应的制 造方法。
背景技术
[0002] 轮毂轴承的主要作用是承重和为轮毂的转动提供精确引导， 它既承受轴向载荷 又承受径向载荷， 是一个非常重要的零部件。 因此对制作轮毂轴承的原材料轮 毂轴承用钢性能的要求也越来越高， 特别是对材料的耐磨性、 淬透性、 纯净度 及组织均匀性等性能都有着严格的要求。 目前国内外的碳素轮毂轴承用钢 G55、 C56E2等产品， 由于产品质量的局限， 不能完全满足高端汽车用户对轮毂轴承用 钢的需求， 因此， 产品性能更优的轮毂轴承用钢的幵发迫在眉睫。
[0003] 根据轮毂轴承的使用条件， 轮毂轴承用钢必须具备下列性能： 高的疲劳强度、 弹性强度、 屈服强度和韧性， 高的耐磨性能， 高且均匀的硬度， 一定的抗腐蚀 能力。 此外， 用户在对材料加工吋， 由于需要对轮毂轴承套圈沟道处进行表面 淬火， 对钢材的淬透性能也提出了要求。
[0004] 钢中的非金属夹杂物破坏了金属的连续性和均匀性。 根据轴承的使用条件， 在 交变应力的作用下， 夹杂物易于引起应力集中， 成为疲劳裂纹源， 降低轴承的 疲劳寿命。 特别是对于硬脆性夹杂物， 如沿轧制方向排列成串状或点链状的 Al 2 0 3夹杂 （B类） ， 不变形的点状或球状夹杂 （D类） 以及大颗粒点状或球状夹杂
(Ds类） ， 由于其不具有塑性， 在加工和使用过程中难以变形， 构成应力集中 ， 使疲劳裂纹萌生期缩短， 影响了疲劳性能的提高。 为提高最终产品轮毂轴承 的使用寿命， 钢材的纯净度非常重要， 必须尽可能降低钢中非金属夹杂物， 特 别是不变形的硬脆性夹杂物尺寸和数量。
[0005] 高端轮毂轴承钢对组织均匀性、 成份偏析是十分敏感的， 特别是中心碳的偏析 ， 它会导致轴承组织的不均匀， 严重影响产品的性能， 降低轴承的使用寿命。 因此需要保证钢材的组织均匀性， 降低钢材的中心碳偏析。 技术问题
[0006] 本发明为满足轮毂轴承用钢材的强度、 硬度、 韧性、 耐磨性及淬透性要求， 本 发明通过对钢材化学成分进行合理设计， 发明了一种新的微合金化轿车碳素轮 毂轴承用钢 C56E2XS。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0007] 本发明 C56E2XS钢种要求的非金属夹杂物要求见下表 1 :
[0008] 表 1
Figure imgf000003_0001
[0009] 非金属夹杂物根据 GB/T 10561 A法检验， 各类夹杂物最大值不超过表 1要求。
[0010] 本发明 C56E2XS要求的钢材检验中心碳偏析区域的碳含量不超过正常熔炼碳含 量的 10%， 远远低于现有中心碳偏析量。
[0011] 本发明解决上述问题所采用的技术方案为： 一种微合金化轿车碳素轮毂轴承用 钢， 化学成分按质量百分比计为 C: 0.45—0.70%, Si: 0.10〜0.50<¾， Mn: 0.30
〜0.70<¾，
Cr: 0.20〜0.60<¾， P<0.025% , S: 0.003〜0.030<¾， Mo<0.1%, Ni<0.2% , A1<0. 04% , Cu<0.3%, Ca<0.001%, Ti<0.003% , O<0.001% , As<0.04% , Sn<0.03% ， Sb<0.005% , Pb<0.002% , 余量为 Fe及不可避免的杂质。
[0012] 本发明轮毂轴承钢的化学成分设计依据入如下：
[0013] 1) C含量的确定
[0014] C是钢中最经济、 最基本的强化元素， 通过固溶强化和析出强化可明显提高钢 的强度， 但 C过高会对钢的韧性及延性能带来不利影响。 本发明 C含量的范围确 定为 0.45〜0.70%， 本发明涉及钢材属于中碳钢范畴；
[0015] 2) Si含量的确定
[0016] 钢中加入 Si， 可以强化铁素体， 提高强度、 弹性极限和淬透性， 但是 Si使钢中 的过热敏感性、 裂纹和脱碳倾向增大。 本发明 Si含量的范围确定为 0.10-0.50%。
[0017] 3) Mn含量的确定
[0018] Mn作为炼钢过程的脱氧元素， 能提高钢的淬透性， Mn还能固定钢中的硫的形 态并形成对钢的性能危害较小的 MnS和 (Fe， Mn)S , 减少或抑制 FeS的生产， 因 此钢中含有少量锰 （Mn含量在 0.10-0.70%) ， 能提高钢的纯净度和性能。 但钢 中 Mn含量过高， 会产生较明显的回火脆性现象， 而且 Mn有促进晶粒长大的作用 ， 因此会导致钢的过热敏感性和裂纹倾向性增强， 且尺寸稳定性降低， 对客户 使用产生不利影响。 此外， Mn含量高， 还会降低钢材抗腐蚀能力， 影响最终成 品轴承的使用性能。 目前国内外中碳碳素轮毂轴承钢 （如 G55、 C56E2等） ， 其 Mn含量一般要求在 0.70-0.90%， 实际控制在 0.80%左右， 由于 Mn含量偏高， 钢 材表面裂纹多， 客户在加热锻造吋易产生幵裂， 既影响了客户使用， 也降低了 成品轴承的使用寿命。 为弥补上述产品的不足， 钢中既要添加一定量的 Mn元素 ， 从而保留其提高钢材淬透性和纯净度等有利因素， 同吋 Mn含量又不宜过高， 尽可能降低其不利影响， 本发明 Mn含量的范围确定为 0.30-0.70%。
[0019] 4) Cr含量的确定
[0020] Cr是碳化物形成元素， 能够提高钢的淬透性、 耐磨性和耐腐蚀性能。 钢中的 Cr ， 一部分置换铁形成合金渗碳体， 提高钢材的回火稳定性； 一部分溶入铁素体 中， 产生固溶强化， 提高铁素体的强度和硬度。 此外， Cr还能减小钢的过热倾 向和表面脱碳速度。 但 Cr含量过高， 与钢中的碳结合， 容易形成大块碳化物， 这种难溶碳化物使钢的韧性降低， 轴承寿命下降， 而且 Cr含量过高， 钢材的硬 度过大， 不利于客户加工使用 （客户一般要求碳素轮毂轴承用钢的硬度≤255HB W) 。 目前国内外的碳素轮毂轴承钢， Cr都作为钢中的残余元素， 一般要求≤0.2 %, 不会特意添加。 但本发明考虑到钢中添加 Cr元素能提高钢材的强度、 硬度、 耐腐蚀性和耐磨性等性能， 从而提升成品轴承的使用寿命， 而且还可以弥补因 M n含量偏低导致钢材淬透性降低的不利影响。 但添加的 Cr元素过高， 会导致钢材 硬度过大， 不利于客户加工以及易形成难溶碳化物。 综上考虑， 本发明根据 Mn 的设计含量将 Cr含量的范围确定为 0.20-0.60%。
[0021] 5) A1含量的确定 [0022] Al作为钢中脱氧元素加入， 除为了降低钢水中的溶解氧之外， A1与 N形成弥散 细小的氮化铝夹杂可以细化晶粒， 但 A1含量大， 钢水熔炼过程中易形成 A1 20 3等 脆性夹杂， 降低钢水纯净度。 本发明 A1含量的范围确定为≤0.04%。
[0023] 6) Ca含量的确定
[0024] Ca含量会增加钢中大尺寸点状氧化物的数量和尺寸， 同吋由于点状氧化物硬度 高， 塑性差， 在钢变形吋其不变形， 容易在交界面处形成空隙， 使钢的性能变 差。 本发明 Ca含量的范围确定为≤0.001%。
[0025] 7) Ti含量的确定
[0026] Ti对轴承危害方式是以氮化钛， 碳氮化钛夹杂物的形式残留于钢中。 这种夹杂 物坚硬、 呈棱角状， 严重影响轴承的疲劳寿命， 特别是在纯洁度显著提高， 其 他氧化物夹杂数量很少的情况下， 含钛夹杂物的危害尤为突出。 含 Ti夹杂物不仅 降低轴承的疲劳寿命， 而且影响轴承的粗糙度。 本发明 Ti含量的范围确定为≤0.0 03<¾。
范围确定为≤0.001<¾。
[0029] 9) P、 S含量的确定
[0030] P在钢中严重引起凝固吋的偏析， P溶于铁素体使晶粒扭曲、 粗大， 且增加冷脆 性。 本发明 P含量的范围确定为≤0.025%。 S使钢产生热脆性， 降低钢的延展性和 韧性， 但在钢中加入适量 S， 可以改善切削加工性，
本发明 S含量的范围确定为 0.003-0.030%。
[0031] 9) As、 Sn、 Sb、 Pb含量的确定
[0032] As、 Sn、 Sb、 Pb等微量元素， 均属低熔点有色金属， 在轴承钢中的存在， 弓 I 起轴承零件表面出现软点， 硬度不均， 因此将它们视为钢中的有害元素， 本发 明这些元素含量的范围确定为 As≤0.04<¾， Sn<0.03%, Sb<0.005% , Pb<0.002%
[0033] 上述微合金化轿车碳素轮毂轴承用钢的制造流程为电炉或转炉一炉外精炼_ _VD或 RH真空脱气一连铸一连轧一锯切一堆冷一精整一表面及 内部探伤一包装。
[0034] 主要生产工艺特点如下：
[0035] 1、 采用优质铁水、 废钢及原辅料， 降低钢水中有害元素含量。
[0036] 2、 加强精炼过程的脱氧， 保证钢中残铝量,利用钢水中的良好的动力学条件， 进行集中提前脱氧和 VD真空脱气处理， 使非金属夹杂物充分上浮并控制较低的 气体含量。
[0037] 3、 控制钢中夹杂物含量及尺寸和组成形态， 采用电炉控制下澄技术、 精炼澄 组成及控制、 脱氧剂的选择和加入工艺优化、 真空处理工艺优化、 中间包冶金 ， 大包下澄检测等技术， 连铸全程防氧化保护来减少钢中的夹杂物数量， 另外 选用优质耐材减少外来夹杂对钢水污染的控制技术， 强化对生产过程的控制， 从而控制夹杂物形态和组成。
[0038] 4、 连铸过程中浇注过热度不超过 35°C， 并配备合适的拉速及二冷段冷却强度 ， 保障连铸坯的组织生长。
[0039] 5、 连铸过程采用 M-EMS和 F-EMS双联， 有效改善和降低连铸坯的成分偏析， 尤其地， 在增加凝固末端电磁搅拌后， 铸坯凝固组织的致密度得到了提高， 铸 坯中心疏松和缩孔得到了有效控制， 而二次枝晶臂间距得到明显改善， 中心等 轴晶率明显提高,晶粒得到细化，从而显著地改善了铸坯的质量， 降低成分偏析。
[0040] 6、 连轧前， 对连铸坯进行高温扩散， 加热温度为 1150〜1250°C， 加热吋间≥31 。 改善钢材的偏析。
[0041] 7、 对钢材进行表面及内部探伤， 保证出厂钢材的质量。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0042] 1) 合理设计化学成分， 满足钢材强度、 硬度、 韧性、 耐磨性及淬透性等要求 ； 2) 降低钢材非金属夹杂物尺寸和数量， 保证钢材的纯净度要求； 3) 降低钢 材的中心碳偏析， 保证钢材的组织均匀性要求。
实施该发明的最佳实施例
本发明的最佳实施方式
[0043] 以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。 [0044] 本发明各实施例中碳素轮毂轴承用钢和 （作为对比的） 目前市场上所用的 G55 以及国外 C56E2轮毂轴承钢的化学成分 （wt%) 见表 2、 表 3，
[0045] 表 2
[] [表 1]
Figure imgf000007_0001
[0046] 表 3
[表 2]
Figure imgf000008_0001
[0047] 各实施例的碳素轮毂轴承钢的制造流程为电炉或转炉 -炉外精炼- --真空脱气
(VD或 RH) —-连铸-—连轧一锯切— -堆冷—-精整-—表面及内部探伤-—包装。
[0048] 按照化学成分配比， 选用优质铁水、 废钢及原辅料， 降低钢水中有害元素含量 ； 加强精炼过程的脱氧， 保证钢中残铝量,利用钢水中的良好的动力学条件， 进 行集中提前脱氧和 VD真空脱气处理， 使非金属夹杂物充分上浮并控制较低的气 体含量； 控制钢中夹杂物含量和尺寸和组成形态， 采用电炉控制下澄技术、 精 炼澄组成及控制、 脱氧剂的选择和加入工艺优化、 真空处理工艺优化、 中间包 冶金， 大包下澄检测等技术， 连铸全程防氧化保护， 来减少钢中的夹杂物数量 ， 另外选用优质耐材减少外来夹杂对钢水污染的控制技术， 强化对生产过程的 控制， 从而控制夹杂物形态和组成。
[0049] 连铸过程采用低过热度浇注， 浇注过热度不超过 35°C， 并配备合适的拉速及二 冷段冷却强度， 同吋连铸采用先进的 M-EMS和 F-EMS双联措施， 有效地改善和 降低连铸坯的成分偏析。 轧钢通过高温扩散， 加热温度 1150〜1250°C， 加热吋间 ≥3h， 改善钢材的偏析。 [0050] 各实施例钢材的机械性能对比见表 4
[0051] 表 4
[]
Figure imgf000009_0001
[0052]
[0053] 由表 3可知， 本发明以上各实施例中的碳素轮毂钢与现有轮毂钢相比， 强度、 硬度、 韧性、 耐磨性及淬透性等要求相当， 并略优于现有轮毂钢。
[0054] 另外， 经检测， 本发明各实施例中的 C56E2XS钢材检验中心碳偏析区域的碳含 量不超过正常熔炼碳含量的 10%， 中心碳偏析得到了显著限制， 从而保证了钢材 的组织均匀性。
[0055] 实施例中的各 C56E2XS钢材的非金属夹杂物满足表 1的严格要求。
本发明的实施方式
[0056] 在此处键入本发明的实施方式描述段落。
工业实用性
[0057] 在此处键入工业实用性描述段落。
序列表自由内容
[0058] 在此处键入序列表自由内容描述段落。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种微合金化轿车碳素轮毂轴承用钢， 其特征在于： 化学成分按质量 百分比计为 C: 0.45—0.70% , Si: 0.10〜0.50<¾， Mn: 0.30〜0.70<¾， Cr: 0.20〜0.60<¾， P<0.025% , S: 0.003〜0.030<¾， Mo<0.1% , Ni<0. 2% , Al<0.04% , Cu<0.3% , Ca<0.001% , Ti<0.003% , O<0.001% , A s<0.04% , Sn<0.03% , Sb<0.005% , Pb<0.002% , 余量为 Fe及不可避 免的杂质。
[权利要求 2] 一种制造权利要求 1所述微合金化轿车碳素轮毂轴承用钢的方法， 其 特征在于： 流程为电炉或转炉一炉外精炼一 VD或 RH真空脱气_
_连轧一锯切一堆冷一精整一表面及内部探伤_
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 2所述的微合金化轿车碳素轮毂轴承用钢的制造方法， 其特征在于： 连铸过程中浇注过热度不超过 35°C。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 2所述的微合金化轿车碳素轮毂轴承用钢的制造方法， 其特征在于： 连铸过程采用 M-EMS和 F-EMS双联。
[权利要求 5] 根据权利要求 2所述的微合金化轿车碳素轮毂轴承用钢的制造方法， 其特征在于： 连轧前， 对连铸坯进行高温扩散， 加热温度为 1150〜12
50°C， 加热吋间≥31。
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