WO2017114149A1 - 适用于膨胀管钻井的机械液压双作用膨胀装置 - Google Patents

适用于膨胀管钻井的机械液压双作用膨胀装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017114149A1
WO2017114149A1 PCT/CN2016/109620 CN2016109620W WO2017114149A1 WO 2017114149 A1 WO2017114149 A1 WO 2017114149A1 CN 2016109620 W CN2016109620 W CN 2016109620W WO 2017114149 A1 WO2017114149 A1 WO 2017114149A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tube
expansion
cone
diameter
sealing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/109620
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐丙贵
尹洪伟
郭慧娟
刘志同
吕明杰
王建利
黎强
康鹏
贾涛
王雪
田毅
王爱国
Original Assignee
中国石油天然气集团公司
中国石油集团钻井工程技术研究院
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Application filed by 中国石油天然气集团公司, 中国石油集团钻井工程技术研究院 filed Critical 中国石油天然气集团公司
Priority to US15/744,129 priority Critical patent/US10641067B2/en
Publication of WO2017114149A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017114149A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
    • E21B43/10—Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells
    • E21B43/103—Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells of expandable casings, screens, liners, or the like
    • E21B43/105—Expanding tools specially adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
    • E21B33/126—Packers; Plugs with fluid-pressure-operated elastic cup or skirt
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B23/00—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells
    • E21B23/01—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells for anchoring the tools or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B29/00—Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground
    • E21B29/10—Reconditioning of well casings, e.g. straightening
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
    • E21B33/1208—Packers; Plugs characterised by the construction of the sealing or packing means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
    • E21B33/127—Packers; Plugs with inflatable sleeve
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B2200/00—Special features related to earth drilling for obtaining oil, gas or water
    • E21B2200/06—Sleeve valves
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
    • E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
    • E21B34/063—Valve or closure with destructible element, e.g. frangible disc

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of drilling and completion in the oil and gas industry, and in particular relates to a naked eye expansion casing tool applicable to an open hole system, in particular to a mechanical hydraulic double acting expansion device suitable for drilling an expansion tube.
  • Expandable Tubular Technology is a new technology developed and developed in the 1990s. It can be applied to drilling, completion, oil recovery, workover and other operations, and is known as a transformative development. new technology.
  • the so-called expansion tube refers to a metal round tube made of a special material, and its original state has good ductility. Under the action of the expansion force, the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the expansion cone are expanded and generated by the extrusion action of the expansion cone. Permanent plastic deformation, the expansion rate can reach 15 to 30%.
  • the expansion tube technology changes the crystal structure and mechanical properties of the expansion tube material by performing the expansion tube operation on the expansion tube, so that the strength index is improved and the plasticity index is decreased.
  • the expansion tube technology can obtain the mechanical performance index equivalent to the specific steel grade casing by selecting the material of the expansion tube and controlling the expansion ratio, so as to meet the requirements of the petroleum engineering.
  • Expansion tube technology can generally be used to solve various problems caused by complex formations, such as blocking the serious loss of the formation, solving the problem of wellbore collapse, etc., and can also be used for subsidies and repair of casing. According to the application of the expansion tube technology, it can be divided into several technical systems such as casing subsidy system, open hole system, expansion tail pipe suspension system and equal diameter drilling and completion system.
  • the open-hole system of the expansion tube refers to the technique of adding a section (or multi-section) of expansion tubes between the series of commonly used casings of the open-hole section when drilling a problematic open-hole section during the drilling process to seal the problem layer.
  • drilling construction can take technical measures to advance the casing to solve the drilling problem.
  • the series of joint technology problems caused by the original drilling design will be disrupted, which will cause a series of technical problems and even influence. Drill up to the final destination layer.
  • the open-hole system technology of the expansion tube utilizes the expansion tube added between the original series of casings.
  • the diameter of the wellbore is almost not lost, thereby achieving the purpose of handling the complicated underground conditions and ensuring the normal operation of the subsequent drilling. get on.
  • the existing expansion pipe technology in China has an expansion ratio of only about 10% for the expansion pipe, and the hole diameter loss is serious. After the expansion pipe is constructed, the original drill bit cannot continue to pass, which affects the subsequent drilling operation.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a mechanical hydraulic double-acting expansion device suitable for drilling an expansion tube, which can complete the construction work of the expansion tube in the casing and the open hole system, and ensure the normal progress of the subsequent drilling process.
  • the present invention provides a mechanical hydraulic double-acting expansion device suitable for use in an expansion tube drilling, which includes:
  • An anchor that can be anchored downhole when injecting and pressing, the lower end of which is connected to the upper end of the plug tube through a coupling;
  • the hydraulic cylinder assembly includes a hydraulic cylinder body and a movable piston tube that is inserted into the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder body is connected to the insertion tube through a cylinder adjusting sleeve.
  • the lower end is closely attached to the piston tube, the piston tube is disposed in the inner cavity of the cylinder adjusting sleeve, and the upper end is inserted into the insertion tube and closely attached to the inner side of the insertion tube
  • the outer side wall of the piston tube is provided with a convex ring, and the convex ring is in contact with the inner surface of the hydraulic cylinder body, and the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder body is divided into an upper chamber and a lower chamber.
  • the side wall of the piston tube is additionally provided with a liquid injection hole communicating with the lower chamber;
  • variable diameter expansion cone assembly comprises a sealing cone portion capable of expanding the expansion tube when moving up and a reducing diameter expanding cone portion capable of expanding diameter when injecting and pressing, the upper end of the sealing cone portion being connected to At a lower end of the piston tube, a lower end thereof is connected to an upper end of the variable diameter expansion cone portion.
  • a mechanical hydraulic double-acting expansion device as described above, wherein a lower end of the insertion tube is connected to an upper end of the cylinder adjustment sleeve by an external thread, and a lower end of the cylinder adjustment sleeve passes through an internal thread and the hydraulic cylinder The upper end is screwed, and the inner side of the lower end is closely attached to the piston tube.
  • the reduced-diameter expansion cone portion comprises a central tube and a reduced-diameter expansion cone capable of expanding diameter when injecting and pressing
  • the upper end of the central tube and the seal a lower end of the tapered portion is connected to the center tube
  • an upper end stop nut and a lower end stop nut are respectively disposed at two ends thereof, the upper end stop nut and A lower end stop nut is threaded to the center tube.
  • variable diameter expansion cone comprises an upper expansion seat, a plurality of upper expansion cone splits, a plurality of lower expansion cone splits and a lower expansion seat
  • the upper expansion seat And the lower expansion seat is sleeved on the central tube, and a circlip is embedded on the outer side of the upper expansion seat, and each of the upper expansion cones is separated from each of the lower
  • the expansion cone segments are staggered in a circumferential direction to be combined with a relative sliding to form an expansion cone, the upper end of the upper expansion cone is movably connected to the upper expansion seat, and the lower end of the lower expansion cone is The lower expansion seat is connected to the activity.
  • the mechanical hydraulic double-acting expansion device as described above, wherein an upper end of the upper expansion seat abuts against the upper end stop nut, and a cavity is formed between the upper expansion seat and the upper end of the upper expansion seat
  • the inner side surface is provided with a ring gear that is in contact with the central tube.
  • the cavity is provided with a return spring and a stop. The upper end of the return spring is in contact with the ring gear, and the lower end is opposite to the stop.
  • the phase contact is in contact with the center tube.
  • the sealing cone portion comprises a sealing tube, a sealing cone, an open-down cup and a fixed retaining ring, the sealing cone, the cup and
  • the fixed retaining ring is sleeved on the sealing tube in sequence, the fixed retaining ring is screwed to the sealing tube, and the lower end of the sealing tube is connected to the upper end of the variable diameter expansion cone portion, wherein
  • the outer side of the sealing tube is provided with a shoulder, and the sealing cone is adjacent to the upper side of the shoulder, and the cup is adjacent to the lower side of the shoulder.
  • a mechanical hydraulic double-acting expansion device as described above, wherein a sliding sleeve is placed in the anchor, the sliding sleeve sealing a liquid inlet hole corresponding to the anchor, which passes through a shear pin and the anchor
  • the sliding sleeve is connected to the insertion tube and is supported by the upper end of the piston tube, the outer diameter of which is smaller than the inner diameter of the coupling and the insertion tube.
  • a flow hole is formed in the side wall of the sliding sleeve.
  • the mechanical hydraulic double-acting expansion device suitable for drilling an expansion tube is safe and reliable, and can complete the construction work of the expansion tube in the casing and the open hole system, and can complete the expansion operation with an expansion ratio of more than 20%; After the construction operation, it can not only achieve the purpose of dealing with the complicated situation of the underground well, but also make the wellbore diameter of the well after construction almost no loss, which is convenient for the subsequent drilling.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a mechanical hydraulic double-acting expansion device suitable for drilling an expansion tube according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a partial schematic view showing the initial injecting and pressing of the invention when working underground.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of the invention as it operates downhole.
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of a portion of a reduced diameter expansion cone of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a portion of a reduced diameter expansion cone of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of the front of the expansion tube.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of the expansion tube after it is placed downhole.
  • Hydraulic cylinder assembly 21 Hydraulic cylinder
  • the invention provides a mechanical hydraulic double-acting expansion device suitable for drilling an expansion tube, which comprises: an anchor which can be anchored downhole when injecting and pressing, the lower end of which is connected with the upper end of the insertion tube through a coupling;
  • the hydraulic cylinder assembly includes a hydraulic cylinder body and a movable piston tube that is inserted into the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder. The upper end of the hydraulic cylinder body is connected to the insertion tube through a cylinder adjusting sleeve.
  • the lower end is closely attached to the piston tube, the piston tube is disposed in the inner cavity of the cylinder adjusting sleeve, and the upper end is inserted into the insertion tube and closely attached to the inner side of the insertion tube
  • the outer side wall of the piston tube is provided with a convex ring, and the convex ring is in contact with the inner surface of the hydraulic cylinder body, and the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder body is divided into an upper chamber and a lower chamber.
  • variable diameter expansion cone assembly comprises a sealing cone portion capable of expanding the expansion tube when moving up and a a variable diameter expansion cone portion which can expand in diameter when the liquid is pressed, and the upper portion of the sealing cone portion Connected to the lower end of the piston tube, the lower end of the upper portion of the adjustable expansion cone is connected.
  • the mechanical hydraulic double-acting expansion device suitable for the expansion tube drilling of the invention can complete the construction work of the expansion tube in the casing and the open hole system, and ensure the minimum loss of the wellbore diameter.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a mechanical hydraulic double-acting expansion device suitable for drilling an expansion tube according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a partial schematic view showing the initial injecting and pressing of the invention when working underground.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of the invention as it operates downhole.
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of a portion of a reduced diameter expansion cone of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a portion of a reduced diameter expansion cone of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of the front of the expansion tube.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of the expansion tube after it is placed downhole.
  • the mechanical hydraulic double-acting expansion device suitable for drilling an expansion tube of the present invention comprises an anchor 1 , a hydraulic cylinder assembly 2 and a variable diameter expansion cone assembly 3 , the anchor
  • the lower end of the 1 is connected to the upper end of the insertion tube 12 through the coupling 11, which is located at the uppermost end of the tool string formed by the present invention, and can be anchored downhole when the liquid is pressed, specifically, the anchor 1 is in use.
  • the liquid is introduced through the liquid inlet hole 101 on the central pipe body to be opened under the action of the hydraulic pressure, thereby realizing the anchoring function.
  • the anchoring device 1 is a prior art and its constituent structure. And the working principle, no longer repeat here;
  • the hydraulic cylinder assembly 2 includes a hydraulic cylinder block 21 and a movable piston tube 22 that is inserted into the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder block 21.
  • the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder block 21 passes through a cylinder adjusting sleeve 23 and the The insertion tube 12 is connected, and the lower end thereof is closely attached to the piston tube 22.
  • the piston tube 22 is disposed in the inner cavity of the cylinder adjustment sleeve 23, and the upper end is inserted.
  • a convex ring 221 is disposed on the outer side wall of the piston tube 22, and the convex ring 221 and the inner portion of the hydraulic cylinder 21 The surfaces are in contact with each other, and the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 21 is divided into an upper chamber 211 and a lower chamber 212, and a side wall of the piston tube 22 is additionally provided with a communication with the lower chamber 212.
  • the reducing cone assembly 3 includes a sealing cone portion 31 which can expand the expansion tube when moving up and a reducing diameter expanding cone portion 32 which can expand in diameter when the liquid is pressed, and the reducing diameter expanding cone portion 32
  • the diameter can be enlarged and reduced, and the tool is in a small diameter state when the tool enters the well.
  • the expansion can be realized to the maximum diameter by pressing, and the upper end of the sealing cone portion 31 is connected to the lower end of the piston tube 22, The lower end thereof is connected to the upper end of the reduced diameter expansion cone portion 32.
  • the expansion tube can be directly pushed by the high pressure liquid to directly expand the sealing cone portion 31 and the reduced diameter expansion cone portion 32 for expansion.
  • the sealing cone portion 31 leaves the expansion tube, it becomes mechanical expansion, that is, in the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the reduced-diameter expansion cone portion 32 completes the expansion operation of the remaining portion.
  • the lower end of the insertion tube 12 is connected to the upper end of the cylinder adjustment sleeve 23 by an external thread, and the lower end of the cylinder adjustment sleeve 2 is screwed to the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder 21 by an internal thread, and the lower end thereof The inner side surface is closely attached to the piston tube 22.
  • the upper end of the cylinder adjusting sleeve 23 is provided with a cylinder dust ring 24, and the cylinder dust ring 24 is sleeved in the plug.
  • a piston dust ring 25 is embedded on the outer surface of the upper end of the piston tube 22.
  • the inner side of the lower end of the cylinder adjusting sleeve 23 is provided with a sealing ring groove 233a, and the sealing ring groove 233a.
  • a seal ring 233b that can be closely attached to the outer side surface of the piston tube 22 is embedded.
  • the reduced-diameter expansion cone portion 32 includes a central tube 321 and a reduced-diameter expansion cone 322 that can expand in diameter when the liquid is pressed.
  • the upper end of the central tube 321 and the sealing cone The lower end of the portion 31 is connected to the central tube 321 , and an upper end stop nut 323 and a lower end stop nut 324 are respectively disposed at opposite ends thereof.
  • the nut 323 and the lower end stop bolt 324 are screwed to the center tube 331.
  • variable diameter expansion cone 322 includes an upper expansion seat 325, a plurality of upper expansion cone lobes 322a, a plurality of lower expansion cone lobes 322b and a lower expansion seat 326, the upper expansion seat 325 and the lower expansion a sleeve 326 is disposed on the central tube 321 , and a circlip 327 is embedded on an outer side of the upper expansion seat 325 , and each of the upper expansion cone 322 a and each of the lower expansion cone 322 b are circumferentially lobed Arranged in a staggered manner to form an expansion cone, the upper end of the upper expansion cone portion 322a is movably coupled to the upper expansion seat 325, the lower end of the lower expansion cone portion 322b and the lower expansion seat 326 Activities are connected.
  • the reduced diameter expansion cone portion 32 is placed At the lowermost end of the expansion tube 4, and for the upper expansion cone lobing 322a and the plurality of lower expansion cone lobes 322b, both of them can be outwardly deformed (expanded diameter) when relatively sliding, and the maximum outer diameter after the diameter reduction
  • the diameter is equal to the maximum expansion inner diameter of the expansion sleeve, which is usually manufactured by alloy steel and has a high surface hardness.
  • the upper expansion cone splitter 322a and the plurality of lower expansion cone splitter 322b are illustrated. The structure is preferably three, and the specific structure and working principle of the two are prior art, and are not described herein again.
  • the upper end of the upper expansion seat 325 abuts the upper end stop nut 323, and a cavity H is formed between the upper expansion seat 325 and the inner side of the upper expansion seat 325.
  • a ring gear 3251 is disposed in contact with the central pipe 321 .
  • the cavity H is provided with a return spring 328 and a stop 329.
  • the upper end of the return spring 328 is in contact with the ring gear 3251, and the lower end thereof In contact with the stop 329, the stop 329 can be fixed to the central tube 321 by pinning, screwing or the like.
  • the sealing cone portion 31 includes a sealing tube 310, a sealing cone 311, a downwardly opening cup 312 and a fixed retaining ring 313.
  • the sealing cone 311, the cup 312 and the fixed retaining ring 313 are sequentially sleeved.
  • the sealing tube 310 is disposed on the sealing tube 310, and the fixing ring 313 is screwed to the sealing tube 310.
  • the outer side of the sealing tube 310 is provided with a shoulder 310a for positioning the sealing cone 311 and A cup 312 is located between the sealing cone 311 and the cup 312.
  • a sliding sleeve 13 is disposed in the anchoring device 1 , and the sliding sleeve 13 blocks a liquid inlet hole 101 corresponding to the anchoring device 1 , and the shearing pin 14 and the anchor are The sleeve 1 is connected, and the sliding sleeve 13 can enter the insertion tube 12 when being moved down, and is supported on the upper end of the piston tube 22, and has an outer diameter smaller than the coupling 11 and the insertion tube The inner diameter of 12 is provided with a flow hole (not shown) on the side wall of the sliding sleeve 13.
  • the anchor 1, the hydraulic cylinder assembly 2 and the variable diameter expansion cone assembly 3 are placed in an expansion tube 4, and the sealing cone portion 31 can be inside the expansion tube 4
  • the wall phase is in sealing contact.
  • the lower end of the expansion tube 4 is connected (for example, welded) to a shaped tube 5 which can expand in diameter when the liquid is pressed, and the free end of the shaped tube 5 is connected to the lower plug 50.
  • the diameters of the front section 51 and the rear section 53 of the reducer 5 are larger than the diameter of the middle section 52 of the reducer 5, and between the front section 51 and the middle section 52, and There is a smooth transition between the middle section 52 and the rear section 53.
  • the shaped tube 5 can be an iron tube similar to a bellows, and the diameter can be made large under the action of hydraulic pressure to become a round tube having a large diameter.
  • FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 Please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 together, the mechanical hydraulic double-acting expansion device suitable for drilling an expansion tube of the present invention, and the specific working process:
  • the drill pipe is connected to the anchor 1 to drive the invention into a predetermined section of the well to make the expansion pipe 4
  • the end is located at a proper position in the upper casing 66 of the well, and the upper end of the drill pipe is connected to the high pressure pump and the high pressure pipeline on the ground, and then the liquid injection pressure can be performed to perform the expansion operation;
  • the high pressure liquid When pressed, the high pressure liquid enters the inner cavity of the shaped tube 5 via the anchor 1, the coupling 11, the insertion tube 12, the piston tube 22, the sealing tube 310 and the central tube 321 , wherein the sealing cone 311 of the sealing cone portion 31
  • the cup 312 and the fixed retaining ring 313 are in sealing contact with the inner side wall of the expansion tube 4, so that the expansion tube 4 forms a sealed space below the sealing cone portion 31, so that the liquid does not return in the expansion tube 4, Therefore, under the action of the high-pressure liquid, the middle portion 52 of the shaped tube 5 is expanded, and then the tool string formed by the present invention is lowered, and the reduced-diameter expansion cone 322 is moved down to the expanded shaped tube 5 (for details, see the figure).
  • variable diameter expansion cone 322 also moves up with the tool string, when the circlip 327 and the The reduced diameter expansion tube 4 is caught on the wall of the expansion tube 4 after contact, so that the upper expansion cone portion 322 is positioned with the upper expansion seat 325, and subsequently, the hydraulic pressure is increased, and the lower expansion cone portion 322b of the variable diameter expansion cone 322 is upward.
  • the upward expansion cone split 322 slides relative to each other and The expansion cones which are combined so that the combination of the two are reduced under the traction of the sealing cone portion 31, after the variable diameter expansion cone 322 is changed to the maximum diameter, the liquid spring pressure continues to exist, and the spring 327 starts to fail.
  • the radial expansion cone portion 32 begins to move upwardly with the sealing cone portion 31 as a whole, i.e., begins to expand the expansion tube 4, while the return spring 328 is in a compressed state. Therefore, under the action of the high-pressure liquid, on the one hand, the sealing cone 311 moves upwards first, and the expansion tube is once expanded.
  • the variable-diameter expansion cone 322 also moves upward with the tool string to perform secondary expansion on the expansion tube 4. , thereby expanding the expansion tube 4 to a design size;
  • variable-diameter cone assembly 3 continues to expand the expansion tube 4 upward, and drives the entire tool string to move up in the expansion tube, wherein the sealing cone 311 of the sealing cone portion 31, the cup
  • the sealing state with the expansion tube 4 is released, so that the high-pressure liquid can flow out from the upper port of the expansion tube 4.
  • the expansion operation by the injection of the liquid cannot be continued (please And see Figure 3);
  • the ball is thrown from the wellhead into the tool string, and the small ball 61 is first thrown, so that it is placed on the central pipe 321 and then the large ball 62 is thrown, and the big ball falls onto the sliding sleeve 13 of the anchorer 1, under the action of hydraulic pressure, sliding
  • the shear pin 14 on the sleeve 13 is sheared, the entire sliding sleeve 13 slides down onto the piston tube 22, the liquid flow hole 101 on the anchor 1 is exposed, and the high pressure liquid enters the liquid inlet hole 101 to trigger the anchor 1 and the anchor.
  • the fastener 1 After the fastener 1 is opened, it is tightly clamped on the inner wall of the upper casing, so that the anchor cylinder 1, the hydraulic cylinder 21 of the hydraulic cylinder assembly 2, and the like are fixed; since the liquid flow hole is left on the side wall of the sliding sleeve 13, the liquid The space between the sliding sleeve 13 and the coupling 11 and the liquid flow hole can also enter the piston tube 22, and then enter the lower chamber 212 of the hydraulic cylinder 21 from the liquid injection hole 222, and are pushed by the hydraulic pressure.
  • the convex ring 221 drives the piston tube 22 to move upward, and the piston tube 22 drives the variable diameter expansion cone 322 to move upward through the sealing tube 310 and the central tube 321 to continue the expansion operation on the expansion tube 4, so that the upper port of the expansion tube 4 is expanded. It is closely attached to the inner wall of the upper casing 6, and the state before and after the work can be requested. And see Figure 6, Figure 7;

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Abstract

一种适用于膨胀管钻井的机械液压双作用膨胀装置，包括：锚定器(1)，其下端通过接箍(11)与插接管(12)的上端相连接；液压缸总成(2)，包括液压缸体(21)及能移动的穿置于液压缸体(21)内腔的活塞管(22)，液压缸体(21)的上端通过缸体调整套(23)与插接管(12)相连接，其下端与活塞管(22)相密贴，活塞管(22)穿设于缸体调整套(23)的内腔，其上端插设于插接管(12)内，并与插接管(12)的内侧面相密贴，活塞管(22)的外侧壁上设有凸环(221)，将液压缸体(21)的内腔分隔为上腔室(211)及下腔室(212)，活塞管(22)的侧壁上另开设有与下腔室(212)相连通的注液孔(222)；变径膨胀锥总成(3)，包括一密封锥部分(31)及一变径膨胀锥部分(32)，密封锥部分(31)的上端连接于活塞管(22)的下端处，其下端与变径膨胀锥部分(32)的上端相连接。该机械液压双作用膨胀装置能够安全可靠地完成膨胀管在套管内及裸眼系统中的施工作业。

Description

适用于膨胀管钻井的机械液压双作用膨胀装置 技术领域
本发明属于石油天然气行业中钻完井技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种可应用于属于裸眼系统的裸眼膨胀套管工具，尤其是一种适用于膨胀管钻井的机械液压双作用膨胀装置。
背景技术
膨胀管技术(Expandable Tubular Technology)是上世纪九十年代产生并发展起来的一项新技术，可应用于钻井、完井、采油、修井等作业过程，被誉为可带来变革性发展的新技术。所谓膨胀管是指用特殊材料制成的金属圆管，其原始状态具有较好的延展性，在膨胀力的作用下，通过膨胀锥的挤压作用，其内径和外径均得到膨胀并发生永久塑性变形，膨胀率可达到15～30％。膨胀管技术通过对膨胀管实施胀管作业，改变膨胀管材料的晶体组织结构和机械性能，使其强度指标得到提高，而塑性指标下降。膨胀管技术通过选择膨胀管材料、控制膨胀率等技术手段，可使膨胀管获得与特定钢级套管相当的机械性能指标，从而满足石油工程的使用要求。
膨胀管技术一般可用来解决复杂地层引起的各种问题，如封堵严重漏失地层，解决井眼垮塌问题等，也可以用于套管的补贴与修复。根据膨胀管技术的用途对其进行分类，可分为套管补贴系统、裸眼系统、膨胀尾管悬挂系统及等直径钻完井系统等几大技术体系。
膨胀管裸眼系统是指当钻井过程中钻遇有问题的裸眼井段时，在该裸眼井段原常用的套管系列间加入一段(或多段)膨胀管，封隔问题层段的技术。在常规情况下，钻井施工可采取提前下套管的技术措施来解决钻遇问题，其结果是由于打乱了原钻井设计所规定的套管序列，将引起一系列的连带技术问题，甚至影响到最终目的层的钻达。膨胀管裸眼系统技术利用在原常用的套管系列间加入的膨胀管，施工过程完成后，井眼通径几乎不损失，从而既达到了处理井下复杂情况的目的，又可保证后续钻井施工的正常进行。然而，国内现有膨胀管技术，对膨胀管的膨胀率仅为10％左右，井眼通径损失严重，膨胀管施工后原钻头不能继续通过，影响了后继的钻进作业。
有鉴于此，本发明人根据多年从事本领域和相关领域的生产设计经验，研制出一种使井眼通径几乎不损失的适用于膨胀管钻井的机械液压双作用膨胀装置，以期解决现有 技术存在的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是在于提供一种适用于膨胀管钻井的机械液压双作用膨胀装置，能够完成膨胀管在套管内及裸眼系统中的施工作业，保证后续钻井过程的正常进行。
为此，本发明提出一种适用于膨胀管钻井的机械液压双作用膨胀装置，其包括有：
在注液打压时能在井下锚定的锚定器，其下端通过接箍与插接管的上端相连接；
液压缸总成，包括一液压缸体及一能移动的穿置于所述液压缸体内腔的活塞管，所述液压缸体的上端通过一缸体调整套与所述插接管相连接，其下端与所述活塞管相密贴，所述活塞管穿设于所述缸体调整套的内腔，其上端插设于所述插接管内，并与所述插接管的内侧面相密贴，所述活塞管的外侧壁上设有一凸环，所述凸环与所述液压缸体的内表面相接触，其将所述液压缸体的内腔分隔为上腔室及下腔室，所述活塞管的侧壁上另开设有与所述下腔室相连通的注液孔；
变径膨胀锥总成，包括一在上移时能使所述膨胀管膨胀的密封锥部分及一在注液打压时能扩径的变径膨胀锥部分，所述密封锥部分的上端连接于所述活塞管的下端处，其下端与所述变径膨胀锥部分的上端相连接。
如上所述的机械液压双作用膨胀装置，其中，所述插接管的下端通过外螺纹与所述缸体调整套的上端连接，所述缸体调整套的下端通过内螺纹与所述液压缸体的上端螺接，其下端的内侧面与所述活塞管相密贴。
如上所述的机械液压双作用膨胀装置，其中，所述缸体调整套的上端设有一缸体防尘环，所述缸体防尘环套接于所述插接管上，所述活塞管上端处的外侧面嵌设有一活塞防尘环，所述缸体调整套下端的内侧面设有密封环槽，所述密封环槽内嵌设有能与所述活塞管的外侧面相密贴的密封圈。
如上所述的机械液压双作用膨胀装置，其中，所述变径膨胀锥部分包括有一中心管及一在注液打压时能扩径的变径膨胀锥，所述中心管的上端与所述密封锥部分的下端相连接，所述变径膨胀锥套设在所述中心管上，其两端处对应设有一上端止位螺帽及一下端止位螺帽，所述上端止位螺帽及下端止位螺帽与所述中心管相螺接。
如上所述的机械液压双作用膨胀装置，其中，所述变径膨胀锥包括有一上膨胀座、多个上膨胀锥分瓣、多个下膨胀锥分瓣及一下膨胀座，所述上膨胀座及下膨胀座套设于所述中心管上，且所述上膨胀座的外侧嵌设有一卡簧，各所述上膨胀锥分瓣与各所述下 膨胀锥分瓣沿圆周方向交错设置，以能相对滑动的组合成一膨胀锥，所述上膨胀锥分瓣的上端与所述上膨胀座活动相连，所述下膨胀锥分瓣的下端与所述下膨胀座活动相连。
如上所述的机械液压双作用膨胀装置，其中，所述上膨胀座的上端与所述上端止位螺帽相抵接，其与所述中心管之间形成有一空腔，所述上膨胀座上端的内侧面设有一与所述中心管相接触的环挡，所述空腔内设有一复位弹簧及一止挡，所述复位弹簧的上端与所述环挡相接触，其下端与所述止挡相接触，所述止挡与所述中心管相固定。
如上所述的机械液压双作用膨胀装置，其中，所述密封锥部分包括有一密封管、一密封锥、一开口向下的皮碗及一固定挡圈，所述密封锥、所述皮碗及所述固定挡圈依次套设在所述密封管上，所述固定挡圈与所述密封管相螺接，所述密封管的下端与所述变径膨胀锥部分的上端相连接，其中，所述密封管的外侧面设有一台肩，且所述密封锥相邻于所述台肩的上侧，所述皮碗相邻于所述台肩的下侧。
如上所述的机械液压双作用膨胀装置，其中，所述锚定器中放置有一滑套，所述滑套封堵对应所述锚定器的进液孔，其通过剪切销钉与所述锚定器相连接，所述滑套在下移时，能进入所述插接管中，并承托于所述活塞管的上端，其外径小于所述接箍及所述插接管的内径，所述滑套的侧壁上设有液流孔。
如上所述的机械液压双作用膨胀装置，其中，所述膨胀管的下端连接有一在注液打压时能扩径的异形管，所述异形管的自由端连接有一下堵头。
如上所述的机械液压双作用膨胀装置，其中，所述异形管的前段及后段的管径大于所述异形管的中段的管径，且所述前段与中段之间、以及所述中段与后段之间为光滑过渡连接。
本发明提出的适用于膨胀管钻井的机械液压双作用膨胀装置，安全可靠，能够完成膨胀管在套管内及裸眼系统中的施工作业，可完成20％以上膨胀率的膨胀作业；用本发明进行施工作业后，既能达到处理井下复杂情况的目的，又使施工后井眼通径几乎不损失，为后续的继续钻进提供方便。
附图说明
以下附图仅旨在于对本发明做示意性说明和解释，并不限定本发明的范围。其中：
图1为本发明的适用于膨胀管钻井的机械液压双作用膨胀装置的组成结构示意图。
图2为本发明在井下工作时初始注液打压时的局部示意图。
图3为本发明在井下工作时的示意图。
图4为本发明中变径膨胀锥部分的立体图。
图5为本发明中变径膨胀锥部分的剖面图。
图6为井下设置膨胀管前的示意图。
图7为井下设置膨胀管后的示意图。
主要元件标号说明：
1          锚定器              11          接箍
12         插接管              13          滑套
14         剪切销钉
2          液压缸总成          21          液压缸体
211        上腔室              212         下腔室
22         活塞管              221         凸环
222        注液孔              23          缸体调整套
233a       密封环槽            233b        密封圈
24         缸体防尘环          25          活塞防尘环
3          变径锥总成          31          密封锥部分
310        密封管              310a        台肩
311        密封锥              312         皮碗
313        固定挡圈            32          变径膨胀锥部分
321        中心管              322         变径膨胀锥
322a       上膨胀锥分瓣        322b        下膨胀锥分瓣
323        上端止位螺帽        324         下端止位螺帽
325        上膨胀座            3251        环挡
326        下膨胀座            327         卡簧
328        复位弹簧            329         止挡
4          膨胀管              5           异形管
50         下堵头              51          前段
52         中段                53          后段
H          空腔
具体实施方式
本发明提出一种适用于膨胀管钻井的机械液压双作用膨胀装置，其包括有：在注液打压时能在井下锚定的锚定器，其下端通过接箍与插接管的上端相连接；液压缸总成，包括一液压缸体及一能移动的穿置于所述液压缸体内腔的活塞管，所述液压缸体的上端通过一缸体调整套与所述插接管相连接，其下端与所述活塞管相密贴，所述活塞管穿设于所述缸体调整套的内腔，其上端插设于所述插接管内，并与所述插接管的内侧面相密贴，所述活塞管的外侧壁上设有一凸环，所述凸环与所述液压缸体的内表面相接触，其将所述液压缸体的内腔分隔为上腔室及下腔室，所述活塞管的侧壁上另开设有与所述下腔室相连通的注液孔；变径膨胀锥总成，包括一在上移时能使所述膨胀管膨胀的密封锥部分及一在注液打压时能扩径的变径膨胀锥部分，所述密封锥部分的上端连接于所述活塞管的下端处，其下端与所述变径膨胀锥部分的上端相连接。
本发明的适用于膨胀管钻井的机械液压双作用膨胀装置，能够完成膨胀管在套管内及裸眼系统中的施工作业，保证井眼通径的最小损失。
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解，以下结合附图及较佳实施例，对本发明提出的适用于膨胀管钻井的机械液压双作用膨胀装置的具体实施方式、结构、特征及功效，详细说明如后。另外，通过具体实施方式的说明，当可对本发明为达成预定目的所采取的技术手段及功效得以更加深入具体的了解，然而所附图仅是提供参考与说明用，并非用来对本发明加以限制。
图1为本发明的适用于膨胀管钻井的机械液压双作用膨胀装置的组成结构示意图。图2为本发明在井下工作时初始注液打压时的局部示意图。图3为本发明在井下工作时的示意图。图4为本发明中变径膨胀锥部分的立体图。图5为本发明中变径膨胀锥部分的剖面图。图6为井下设置膨胀管前的示意图。图7为井下设置膨胀管后的示意图。
如图1所示，本发明提出的适用于膨胀管钻井的机械液压双作用膨胀装置，其包括有锚定器1、液压缸总成2及变径膨胀锥总成3，所述锚定器1下端通过接箍11与插接管12的上端相连接，其位于本发明形成的工具串的最上端，在注液打压时能在井下锚定，具体而言，该锚定器1在使用时是通过其中心管体上的进液孔101进液，以在液压力的作用下撑开，从而实现锚定功能，需要指出的是，该锚定器1为现有技术，对其组成结构及工作原理，在此不再赘述,；
液压缸总成2包括一液压缸体21及一能移动的穿置于所述液压缸体21内腔的活塞管22，所述液压缸体21的上端通过一缸体调整套23与所述插接管12相连接，其下端与所述活塞管22相密贴，所述活塞管22穿设于所述缸体调整套23的内腔，其上端插设 于所述插接管12内，并与所述插接管12的内侧面相密贴，所述活塞管22的外侧壁上设有一凸环221，所述凸环221与所述液压缸体21的内表面相接触，其将所述液压缸体21的内腔分隔为上腔室211及下腔室212，所述活塞管22的侧壁上另开设有与所述下腔室212相连通的注液孔222；
变径锥总成3，包括一在上移时能使所述膨胀管膨胀的密封锥部分31及一在注液打压时能扩径的变径膨胀锥部分32，该变径膨胀锥部分32可实现直径的变大和缩小，在工具入井时处于小径状态，到达井底后通过打压可实现变至最大径开始膨胀，所述密封锥部分31的上端连接于所述活塞管22的下端处，其下端与所述变径膨胀锥部分32的上端相连接。由此，膨胀管膨胀的前期可由高压液体直接推动所述密封锥部分31和变径膨胀锥部分32进行膨胀，当密封锥部分31离开膨胀管后，则变为机械式膨胀，即在液压缸总成2的带动下，使变径膨胀锥部分32完成剩余部分的膨胀作业。
其中，所述插接管12的下端通过外螺纹与所述缸体调整套23的上端连接，所述缸体调整套2的下端通过内螺纹与所述液压缸体21的上端螺接，其下端的内侧面与所述活塞管22相密贴。
较佳地，为了提高所述液压缸体21上端处的密封性能，所述缸体调整套23的上端设有一缸体防尘环24，所述缸体防尘环24套接于所述插接管12上，另外，在所述活塞管22上端处的外侧面嵌设有一活塞防尘环25，所述缸体调整套23下端的内侧面设有密封环槽233a，所述密封环槽233a内嵌设有能与所述活塞管22的外侧面相密贴的密封圈233b。
请参见图4及图5，所述变径膨胀锥部分32包括有一中心管321及一在注液打压时能扩径的变径膨胀锥322，所述中心管321的上端与所述密封锥部分31的下端相连接，所述变径膨胀锥322套设在所述中心管321上，其两端处对应设有一上端止位螺帽323及下端止位螺帽324，所述上端止位螺帽323及下端止位螺栓324与所述中心管331相螺接。
较佳地，所述变径膨胀锥322包括有一上膨胀座325、多个上膨胀锥分瓣322a、多个下膨胀锥分瓣322b及一下膨胀座326，所述上膨胀座325及下膨胀座326套设于所述中心管321上，且所述上膨胀座325的外侧嵌设有一卡簧327，各所述上膨胀锥分瓣322a与各所述下膨胀锥322b分瓣沿圆周方向交错设置，以能相对滑动的组合成一膨胀锥，所述上膨胀锥分瓣322a的上端与所述上膨胀座325活动相连，所述下膨胀锥分瓣322b的下端与所述下膨胀座326活动相连。其中，在使用时，是将所述变径膨胀锥部分32放置 于膨胀管4最下端，而对于所述上膨胀锥分瓣322a、多个下膨胀锥分瓣322b，两者在相对滑动时能向外变径(扩径)，其变径后的最大外径等于膨胀套管的最大膨胀内径，通常采用合金钢加工制造，具有较高的表面硬度，需指出的是，对于所述上膨胀锥分瓣322a、多个下膨胀锥分瓣322b在图示的结构中分别优选为三个，至于两者的具体结构及工作原理等均为现有技术，在此不再赘述。
如图所示，所述上膨胀座325的上端与所述上端止位螺帽323相抵接，其与所述中心管321之间形成有一空腔H，所述上膨胀座325上端的内侧面设有一与所述中心管321相接触的环挡3251，所述空腔内H设有一复位弹簧328及一止挡329，所述复位弹簧328的上端与所述环挡3251相接触，其下端与所述止挡329相接触，所述止挡329可以通过销接、螺接等方式与所述中心管321相固定。
其中，所述密封锥部分31包括有一密封管310、一密封锥311、一开口向下的皮碗312及一固定挡圈313，所述密封锥311、皮碗312及固定挡圈313依次套设在所述密封管310上，且所述固定挡圈313与所述密封管310相螺接，其中，所述密封管310的外侧面设有一台肩310a，以用于定位密封锥311及皮碗312，所述台肩310a位于所述密封锥311及皮碗312之间。
请参见图1所示，所述锚定器1中放置有一滑套13，所述滑套13封堵对应所述锚定器1的进液孔101，其通过剪切销钉14与所述锚定器1相连接，所述滑套13在下移时，能进入所述插接管12中，并承托于所述活塞管22的上端，其外径小于所述接箍11及所述插接管12的内径，所述滑套13的侧壁上设有液流孔(图中未标示)。
其中，在工作时，所述锚定器1、液压缸总成2及变径膨胀锥总成3放置于一膨胀管4中，且所述密封锥部分31能与所述膨胀管4的内侧壁相密封接触。所述膨胀管4的下端连接(如焊接)有一在注液打压时能扩径的异形管5，所述异形管5的自由端连接有一下堵头50。
如图1所示，所述变径管5的前段51及后段53的管径大于所述变径管5的中段52的管径，且所述前段51与中段52之间、以及所述中段52与后段53之间为光滑过渡连接。在实际使用时，优选所述异形管5可以为一类似于波纹管的铁管，在液压作用下直径可变大，成为一通径较大的圆管。
请一并参见图1至图3，本发明的适用于膨胀管钻井的机械液压双作用膨胀装置，具体工作过程：
施工时，是用钻杆连接锚定器1将本发明下入到井中预定井段处，使膨胀管4的上 端位于井下上层套管6中的适当位置，并将钻杆上端连接地面的高压泵和高压管线后可进行注液打压，实施膨胀作业；
打压时，高压液体经锚定器1、接箍11、插接管12、活塞管22、密封管310以及中心管321进入异形管5的内腔中，其中，由于密封锥部分31的密封锥311、皮碗312及固定挡圈313的存在，与膨胀管4内侧壁相密封接触，使得膨胀管4在密封锥部分31以下部分形成密封空间，使液体不会在膨胀管4中上返，由此，在高压液体作用下，异形管5的中段52胀开，随后，下放本发明形成的工具串，使变径膨胀锥322下移至胀开后的异形管5中(具体状态可参见图2)；继续注液打压，密封锥部分31在液体作用下对膨胀管实施一次膨胀，并带动整个工具串向上移动，因此变径膨胀锥322也随工具串上移，当卡簧327与未变径的膨胀管4接触后卡在膨胀管4壁上，使得上膨胀锥分瓣322随上膨胀座325定位，随后，增大液压力，变径膨胀锥322的下膨胀锥分瓣322b向上移动，向上膨胀锥分瓣322相对滑动并重叠，从而使两者组合而成的膨胀锥在密封锥部分31的牵引下实现变径，当变径膨胀锥322变至最大径后，因液压力持续存在，卡簧327处开始失效，变径膨胀锥部分32开始随密封锥部分31整体向上移动，即开始对膨胀管4实施膨胀，而复位弹簧328则处于被压缩状态。由此，在高压液体作用下，一方面，密封锥311先行向上运动，对膨胀管实施了一次膨胀，另一方面，变径膨胀锥322也随工具串向上运对膨胀管4实施二次膨胀，由此可将膨胀管4膨胀至设计尺寸；
持续地注入高压液体，所述变径锥总成3会持续对膨胀管4向上进行膨胀作业，并带动整个工具串在膨胀管内上移，其中，当密封锥部分31的密封锥311、皮碗312等向上移出膨胀管4上端口时，会解除与膨胀管4的密封状态，使得高压液体能从膨胀管4的上端口流出，此时，通过注液打压进行膨胀作业无法继续进行(请一并参见图3)；
随后，从井口向工具串内投球，先投小球61，使之坐封中心管321上，再投大球62，大球落至锚定器1的滑套13上，液压作用下，滑套13上的剪切销钉14被剪断，整个滑套13向下滑落至活塞管22上，锚定器1上的液流孔101露出，高压液体进入进液孔101触发锚定器1，锚定器1打开后紧紧卡在上层套管内壁上，使锚定器1、液压缸总成2的液压缸体21等固定；由于滑套13的侧壁上留有液流孔，所以液体还可经滑套13与接箍11之间的空间、液流孔进入活塞管22内，进而由注液孔222进入液压缸体21的下腔室212，在液压力的作用下，通过推动凸环221带动活塞管22上移，活塞管22通过密封管310、中心管321带动变径膨胀锥322继续上移，对膨胀管4继续进行膨胀作业，使膨胀管4的上端口胀开后紧紧贴在上层套管6的内壁上，具体工作前及工作后的状态可请一 并参见图6、图7；
当膨胀管4全部膨胀完成时，停止注液打压，锚定器1回复至关闭状态，通过钻杆推动本发明的工具串下移，变径膨胀锥322还可以在复位弹簧328的弹簧力的作用下移并快速回复至初始状态，随后，上提本发明工具串起出井口，只留下被膨胀后的膨胀管4紧贴在井壁上，至此，施工作业结束，即可进行后续的施工作业。
以上所述仅为本发明示意性的具体实施方式，并非用以限定本发明的范围。任何本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明的构思和原则的前提下所作的等同变化与修改，均应属于本发明保护的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种适用于膨胀管钻井的机械液压双作用膨胀装置，能放置于膨胀管中，其特征在于，所述机械液压双作用膨胀装置包括有：
    在注液打压时能在井下锚定的锚定器，其下端通过接箍与插接管的上端相连接；
    液压缸总成，包括一液压缸体及一能移动的穿置于所述液压缸体内腔的活塞管，所述液压缸体的上端通过一缸体调整套与所述插接管相连接，其下端与所述活塞管相密贴，所述活塞管穿设于所述缸体调整套的内腔，其上端插设于所述插接管内，并与所述插接管的内侧面相密贴，所述活塞管的外侧壁上设有一凸环，所述凸环与所述液压缸体的内表面相接触，其将所述液压缸体的内腔分隔为上腔室及下腔室，所述活塞管的侧壁上另开设有与所述下腔室相连通的注液孔；
    变径膨胀锥总成，包括一在上移时能使所述膨胀管膨胀的密封锥部分及一在注液打压时能扩径的变径膨胀锥部分，所述密封锥部分的上端连接于所述活塞管的下端处，其下端与所述变径膨胀锥部分的上端相连接。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的机械液压双作用膨胀装置，其特征在于，所述插接管的下端通过外螺纹与所述缸体调整套的上端连接，所述缸体调整套的下端通过内螺纹与所述液压缸体的上端螺接，其下端的内侧面与所述活塞管相密贴。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的机械液压双作用膨胀装置，其特征在于，所述缸体调整套的上端设有一缸体防尘环，所述缸体防尘环套接于所述插接管上，所述活塞管上端处的外侧面嵌设有一活塞防尘环，所述缸体调整套下端的内侧面设有密封环槽，所述密封环槽内嵌设有能与所述活塞管的外侧面相密贴的密封圈。
  4. 如权利要求1或3所述的机械液压双作用膨胀装置，其特征在于，所述变径膨胀锥部分包括有一中心管及一在注液打压时能扩径的变径膨胀锥，所述中心管的上端与所述密封锥部分的下端相连接，所述变径膨胀锥套设在所述中心管上，其两端处对应设有一上端止位螺帽及一下端止位螺帽，所述上端止位螺帽及下端止位螺帽与所述中心管相螺接。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的机械液压双作用膨胀装置，其特征在于，所述变径膨胀锥包括有一上膨胀座、多个上膨胀锥分瓣、多个下膨胀锥分瓣及一下膨胀座，所述上膨胀座及下膨胀座套设于所述中心管上，且所述上膨胀座的外侧嵌设有一卡簧，各所述上膨胀锥分瓣与各所述下膨胀锥分瓣沿圆周方向交错设置，以能相对滑动的组合成一膨胀锥，所述上膨胀锥分瓣的上端与所述上膨胀座活动相连，所述下膨胀锥分瓣的下端与所 述下膨胀座活动相连。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的机械液压双作用膨胀装置，其特征在于，所述上膨胀座的上端与所述上端止位螺帽相抵接，其与所述中心管之间形成有一空腔，所述上膨胀座上端的内侧面设有一与所述中心管相接触的环挡，所述空腔内设有一复位弹簧及一止挡，所述复位弹簧的上端与所述环挡相接触，其下端与所述止挡相接触，所述止挡与所述中心管相固定。
  7. 如权利要求1或6所述的机械液压双作用膨胀装置，其特征在于，所述密封锥部分包括有一密封管、一密封锥、一开口向下的皮碗及一固定挡圈，所述密封锥、所述皮碗及所述固定挡圈依次套设在所述密封管上，所述固定挡圈与所述密封管相螺接，所述密封管的下端与所述变径膨胀锥部分的上端相连接，其中，所述密封管的外侧面设有一台肩，且所述密封锥相邻于所述台肩的上侧，所述皮碗相邻于所述台肩的下侧。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的机械液压双作用膨胀装置，其特征在于，所述锚定器中放置有一滑套，所述滑套封堵对应所述锚定器的进液孔，其通过剪切销钉与所述锚定器相连接，所述滑套在下移时，能进入所述插接管中，并承托于所述活塞管的上端，其外径小于所述接箍及所述插接管的内径，所述滑套的侧壁上设有液流孔。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的机械液压双作用膨胀装置，其特征在于，所述膨胀管的下端连接有一在注液打压时能扩径的异形管，所述异形管的自由端连接有一下堵头。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的机械液压双作用膨胀装置，其特征在于，所述异形管的前段及后段的管径大于所述异形管的中段的管径，且所述前段与中段之间、以及所述中段与后段之间为光滑过渡连接。
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