WO2017113511A1 - 一种多电机驱动的送风设备恒风量控制方法 - Google Patents

一种多电机驱动的送风设备恒风量控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017113511A1
WO2017113511A1 PCT/CN2016/075898 CN2016075898W WO2017113511A1 WO 2017113511 A1 WO2017113511 A1 WO 2017113511A1 CN 2016075898 W CN2016075898 W CN 2016075898W WO 2017113511 A1 WO2017113511 A1 WO 2017113511A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air volume
motor
constant air
bldc
data processor
Prior art date
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2016/075898
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙海荣
吴继鹏
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zhongshan Broad Ocean Motor Co Ltd
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Zhongshan Broad Ocean Motor Co Ltd
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Priority to MX2018008172A priority Critical patent/MX387033B/es
Priority to CA3009707A priority patent/CA3009707C/en
Publication of WO2017113511A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017113511A1/zh
Priority to US16/012,739 priority patent/US10690371B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/04—Arrangements for controlling or regulating the speed or torque of more than one motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
    • F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
    • F24F11/75—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity for maintaining constant air flow rate or air velocity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P5/00—Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of two or more electric motors
    • H02P5/46—Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of two or more electric motors for speed regulation of two or more dynamo-electric motors in relation to one another
    • H02P5/50—Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of two or more electric motors for speed regulation of two or more dynamo-electric motors in relation to one another by comparing electrical values representing the speeds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P5/00—Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of two or more electric motors
    • H02P5/74—Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of two or more electric motors controlling two or more AC dynamo-electric motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/04—Arrangements for controlling or regulating the speed or torque of more than one motor
    • H02P2006/045—Control of current
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a constant air volume control method for a multi-motor driven air supply device.
  • the constant air volume control of the fan equipment on the market is a BLDC motor with only one constant air volume control in the load to drive the wind wheel or the fan.
  • This constant air volume controlled BLDC motor is designed according to parameters such as load power and a constant air volume control strategy is established.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a constant air volume control method for a multi-motor driven air supply device, which is simple in design and convenient to implement, can effectively shorten development time and cost, and reliably realize constant air volume control.
  • each BLDC motor includes a control driving circuit board and a motor entity
  • the driving circuit board includes a power circuit, a microprocessor, a motor operating parameter detecting circuit, and an inverter circuit.
  • the rotor position measuring circuit the power circuit supplies power to each part of the circuit
  • the rotor position measuring circuit detects the rotor position signal and inputs it to the microprocessor
  • the motor operating parameter detecting circuit inputs the detected electrical parameter to the microprocessor
  • the microprocessor controls the inverse
  • the variable circuit works, and the output end of the inverter circuit is connected to each phase coil winding of the stator assembly.
  • the constant air volume data processor described above is a digital signal processor DSP or a single chip MCU.
  • the constant air volume data processor described above is wired or wirelessly communicated with each BLDC motor.
  • Each of the BLDC motors described above adopts a motor with high precision control, and the error between the speed commanded by the constant air volume data processor and the actual running speed of the motor is within a range of plus or minus three revolutions.
  • Each BLDC motor described above feeds back the motor operating parameter C to the constant air volume data processor as a power parameter or a current parameter.
  • the constant air volume Q value in the constant air volume data processor described above can be determined by an external input.
  • control drive circuit board described above can be integrated with the motor body.
  • control drive circuit board described above can be separated from the motor body.
  • control drive circuit board and the constant air volume data processor of each BLDC motor described above can be integrated on the same circuit board.
  • the constant air volume data processor described above directly replaces the microprocessor of the control drive circuit board of each BLDC motor.
  • the constant air volume data processor When each BLDC motor feeds back the motor operating parameter C to the constant air volume data processor as the power parameter P, the constant air volume data processor accumulates the power parameters fed back by each BLDC motor to form a total power P, and substitutes the total power into the constant power.
  • the air volume control function Q F(n, P) calculates the motor speed n when a constant air volume is maintained.
  • each BLDC motor feeds back the motor operating parameter C to the constant air volume data processor is the bus bar
  • the invention has the following effects:
  • the constant air volume data processor By making each BLDC motor into a speed closed-loop control motor, the constant air volume data processor sends the same speed signal command to each BLDC motor, so that the running speed of each BLDC motor is the same or equivalent; each BLDC motor The motor operating parameters are fed back to the constant air volume data processor, and the constant air volume data processor calculates the motor speed n when the constant air volume is maintained according to the motor running parameters fed back by each BLDC motor, and then sends the same speed signal command to each BLDC motor.
  • the design is simple, the implementation is convenient, the development time and cost can be effectively shortened, and the constant air volume control can be reliably realized.
  • BLDC motors are of the same specification and can be more conveniently and reliably controlled
  • control drive circuit board can be integrated with the motor body to make the structure more compact
  • control drive circuit board of each BLDC motor and the constant air volume data processor can be integrated on the same circuit board, which can reduce the repeated setting of the circuit.
  • power circuits can further reduce product costs.
  • Embodiment 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of a DC brushless motor in the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Embodiment 3 is an exploded view of a DC brushless motor in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a plan view of a DC brushless motor in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 5 of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a block diagram showing the circuit of the control driving circuit board in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a circuit diagram corresponding to Figure 7;
  • Figure 9 is a graph showing a family of constant air volume fitting curves measured by an experiment of Example 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a graph showing the fitting of the five-group constant air volume measured by an experiment in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the structure of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the BLDC motor includes a motor body and a control driving circuit board 6.
  • the motor body includes a rotating shaft 1, a rotor assembly 2, a stator assembly 3, a casing 4 and an end.
  • the cover 5 the rotor assembly 2 is mounted on the rotating shaft 1, the stator assembly 3 is mounted with the casing 4 and nested outside the rotor assembly 2, and the end cover 5 is mounted on the end of the casing 4, and the two ends of the rotating shaft 1 are respectively supported
  • the control driving circuit board 6 is mounted in the cavity 10 surrounded by the end cover 5 and the casing 4, and the speed regulating potentiometer 7 is soldered and mounted on the control driving circuit board 6, this embodiment
  • the cavity 50 is opened on the inner side surface of the front end cover or the rear end cover, and the control driving circuit board 6 is installed in the cavity. 50 inside.
  • the constant air volume data processor is located outside each BLDC motor.
  • Each BLDC motor includes a control drive circuit board and a motor entity.
  • the drive circuit board includes a power supply circuit, a microprocessor, a motor operating parameter detection circuit, an inverter circuit, and a rotor position measurement.
  • the circuit and the power supply circuit supply power to each part of the circuit.
  • the rotor position measuring circuit detects the rotor position signal and inputs it to the microprocessor.
  • the motor running parameter detecting circuit inputs the detected electrical parameters to the microprocessor, and the microprocessor controls the inverter circuit to work.
  • the output of the inverter circuit is connected to the coil windings of the phases of the stator assembly. As shown in Fig. 7 and Fig.
  • the BLDC motor is a 3-phase brushless DC permanent magnet synchronous motor
  • the motor operating parameter detecting circuit includes a rotor position measuring circuit and a bus bar.
  • the current detecting circuit and the bus voltage detecting circuit, the rotor position measuring circuit generally adopts three Hall sensors, and the three Hall sensors respectively detect the rotor position of a 360-degree electrical angular period, and the stator assembly 12 is changed once every 120 degrees of electrical angle.
  • the energization of each phase coil winding forms a 3-phase 6-step control mode.
  • the DC bus current Ibus can be changed.
  • the inverter circuit is composed of electronic switch tubes Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5 and Q6.
  • the control terminals of the electronic switch tubes Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5 and Q6 are respectively output by the microprocessor.
  • the 6-channel PWM signal (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6) is controlled.
  • the inverter circuit is also connected to the resistor R1 for detecting the bus current Ibus.
  • the bus current detecting circuit converts the detected bus current Ibus of the resistor R1 and transmits it to microprocessor.
  • the motor input power control is controlled by the electronic switch tube Q7, and the PWM signal output by the microprocessor, P0, is used to control the on-time of the electronic switch tube Q7 to control the motor input power.
  • the rotor position measuring circuit detects the rotor position signal and inputs it to the microprocessor.
  • the microprocessor calculates the real-time rotational speed V of the motor based on the rotor position signal, the bus current detecting circuit inputs the bus current to the microprocessor, and the bus voltage detecting circuit connects the DC bus.
  • each BLDC motor is made into a speed closed loop control motor; 2) in a constant air volume data processor
  • the speed signal command (compared to mean that the speed difference between the motor commands sent to the two BLDCs is within 1%), so that the speeds of the BLDC motors run at the same or equivalent, which means the actual speed error of the two BLDC motors.
  • each target air volume corresponds to a set of C 1 , C 2 ,..., C m coefficients and is stored
  • the development and mathematical model establishment of the Direct P Control for Constant Airflow Control Apparatus Method of the present invention is such that, in general, in a ventilation system, the fan is driven by a BLDC motor in a stable state.
  • the air produced by the air.
  • the power when the static pressure changes, is controlled by power and speed to maintain the constant air volume. As the static pressure increases, the power and speed change.
  • a control model is developed that, when product control determines the air volume requirement, provides a constant air volume CFM at a specific static pressure by controlling power and speed.
  • the characteristic curve represents the constant wind volume physical characteristics that maintain control power and speed.
  • the process of curve fitting is to select a polynomial to describe the curve, and the coefficients of the polynomial can be obtained by the least squares method.
  • Figure 10 is a plot of the experimental data of the direct power control constant air volume of a 1/3 HP PM motor in a small pipe HVAC system.
  • the system selects some typical air volume CFM as a test point to build a test
  • the database is used to build mathematical models. These typical points include the minimum and maximum air volume values, with some intermediate points added. According to the product specifications, the typical air volume CFM has five test points, 150/300/450/600 and 750 CFM.
  • Table 2 shows an example of the test data results.
  • the speed of the motor ranges from 200 to 1400 rpm; the static pressure of the system ranges from 0.1 to 1 H 2 O. Maintain the preset constant air volume CCFM output and obtain a value corresponding to the motor input power of Figure 11 to form a database.
  • each predetermined CFM wind volume corresponds to a quadratic function of power and speed, obtained in a standard calculation method: these equations define the power and the speed of the operating point of any system at a particular static pressure.
  • the motor system defines a function corresponding to it, and the trajectory of its working point follows the function definition. Equations (3) through (7) can be expressed as a standard equation, and C1, C2, and C3 are constants.
  • the constant air volume Q value in the constant air volume data processor can be determined by external input, and the constant air volume is determined.
  • the data processor stores a constant air volume control function for a plurality of test wind volume points, and if the input constant air volume IN-CFM request is not one of a modeling curve (a constant air volume control function of a plurality of test wind volume points), an interpolation is used. The method is to obtain a new characteristic equation to fit the requested constant air volume IN-CFM.
  • the constant air volume data processor and each BLDC motor use wired or wireless communication.
  • the constant air volume data processor can be a digital signal processor DSP or a single chip MCU.
  • the constant air volume data processor communicates with the microprocessors in the control drive circuit boards 6 of the two BLDC motors, respectively.
  • the two BLDC motors adopt high-precision controlled motors.
  • the high-precision refers to the error between the speed of the constant air volume data processor command and the actual running speed of the motor in the range of plus or minus three revolutions.
  • the two BLDC motors are of the same size, and the control drive circuit board can be integrated with the motor body.
  • control drive circuit board can also be separated from the motor body, and the control drive of each BLDC motor
  • the moving circuit board and the constant air volume data processor can be integrated on the same circuit board.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • This embodiment is basically the same as the structural principle control method of the first embodiment.
  • the present embodiment drives six wind wheels by three BLDC motors, including the first motor 100, the second motor 200, and the third motor 600 and 6.
  • the wind turbine 400, the output shaft 1 of the first motor 100, the second motor 200 and the third motor 600 are respectively driven 400, the first motor 100, the second motor 200, the third motor 600 and 6 winds
  • the wheel 400 is in the same air duct 500, and the first motor 100, the second motor 200, and the third motor 600 are BLDC motors of the same specification.
  • Q is the air volume
  • n is the motor running speed
  • P is the motor input power.
  • the same speed signal command sent by the constant air volume data processor to the three BLDC motors makes the running speed of each BLDC motor the same or equivalent, which means that the actual speed error of the two BLDC motors is within 1%;
  • the BLDC motor respectively feeds the motor input power P1, P2, P3 to the constant air volume data processor, that is, the first motor 100 feeds back the motor input power P1 to the constant air volume data processor, and the second motor 200 feeds back the motor input power to the constant air volume data processor.
  • the corresponding constant air volume control function is called, and the motor speed n when the constant air volume is maintained is calculated according to the feedback motor input total power P, and then the same speed signal is sent to each BLDC motor. instruction.
  • the BLDC motor and the wind wheel are added according to the width of the air duct of the air supply device.
  • four BLDC motors and eight wind wheels can be used.
  • Embodiment 3 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 3
  • the signal command (equivalently means that the speed difference between the motor commands sent to the two BLDCs is within 1%), so that the running speeds of the BLDC motors are the same or equivalent, which means that the actual speed error of the two BLDC motors is 4% or less; 4)
  • the motor speed is n and then
  • the constant air volume data processor stores a constant air volume function of a plurality of wind volume points. It can realize constant air volume control of air supply equipment driven by two BLDC motors. Each BLDC motor only needs to follow the speed signal command sent by the constant air volume data processor, and it can run at the specified speed.
  • Embodiment 4 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 4:
  • This embodiment is an improvement on the basis of the first embodiment: the control driving circuit board 6 of the two BLDC motors in the first embodiment is moved to the outside of the motor housing 4, because the control driving circuit boards 6 of the two BLDC motors 6 Both the constant air volume data processor and the constant air volume data processor need to be independently powered, the circuit structure is repeated, and the cost is increased. Now, the control drive circuit board 6 and the constant air volume data processor of the two BLDC motors are integrated on one circuit board, and the power supply circuit is supplied with power, and the repetition is repeated.
  • the original control drive circuit board 6 of the two BLDC motors in the figure becomes the first control drive unit and the second control drive unit respectively, and the power supply circuit is simultaneously
  • a control drive unit, a second control drive unit, and a constant air volume data processor provide power to save costs.
  • the constant air volume data processor uses a high performance chip (has a higher computing speed and more I/O ports, then the microprocessor in the first control driving unit and the second control driving unit can be deleted directly from the constant
  • the air volume data processor replaces its work, which further simplifies the structure and saves costs.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)

Abstract

一种多电机驱动的送风设备恒风量控制方法，所述的送风设备包括至少2台BLDC电机，每台BLDC电机各自驱动不同的风轮并处于同一风道内，将每台BLDC电机做成具有速度闭环控制电机；在一个恒风量数据处理器里面存储恒风量控制函数；恒风量数据处理器向各台BLDC电机发送的相同的速度信号指令，使各台BLDC电机运行的转速相同或者相当；每台BLDC电机向恒风量数据处理器反馈电机运行参数C，恒风量数据处理器根据各台BLDC电机反馈的电机运行参数C计算出保持恒定风量时的电机速度n，然后向各台BLDC电机发送的相同的速度信号指令。该控制方法设计简单，实施方便，可实现恒风量控制。

Description

一种多电机驱动的送风设备恒风量控制方法 技术领域：
本发明涉及一种多电机驱动的送风设备恒风量控制方法。
背景技术：
目前市场上的风机设备的恒风量控制，都是一个负载内只设置有一个恒风量控制的BLDC电机来带动风轮或者风扇。这个恒风量控制的BLDC电机据负载功率等参数完成设计并制定恒风量控制策略。
但对于一些大盘管风机或超薄卡机在设计时都是使用2个电机来驱动多个风轮，这样，切换成恒风量控制的BLDC电机时，两个恒风量控制的BLDC电机在一个箱体(风道)内，各自风量闭环控制时，使箱体(即风道)内静压波动非常大，电机功率变化大，完全无法实现恒风量控制，成为整个行业内的技术难题。
发明内容：
本发明的目的是提供一种多电机驱动的送风设备恒风量控制方法，设计简单，实施方便，可有效缩短研发时间和费用，可靠实现恒风量控制。
本发明的目的是通过下述技术方案予以实现的：
一种多电机驱动的送风设备恒风量控制方法，所述的送风设备包括至少2台BLDC电机，每台BLDC电机各自驱动不同的风轮并处于同一风道内，其特征在于：1)将每台BLDC电机做成具速度闭环控制电机；2)在一个恒风量数据处理器里面存储恒风量控制函数Q＝F(n，C)，其中Q是风量，n是电机运行转速，C是电机运行参数；3)恒风量数据处理器向各台BLDC电机发送的相同的速度信号指令，使各台BLDC电机运行的转速相同或者相当；4)每台BLDC电机向恒风量数据处理器反馈电机运行参数C，恒风量数据处理器根据各台BLDC电机反馈的电机运行参数C计算出保持恒定风量时的电机速度n，然后向各台BLDC电机发送的相同的速度信号指令。
上述所述的恒风量数据处理器位于各台BLDC电机外面，每台BLDC电机包括控制驱动线路板和电机实体,制驱动线路板包括电源电路、微处理器、电机运行参数检测电路、逆变电路和转子位置测量电路，电源电路为各部分电路供电，转子位置测量电路检测转子位置信号并输入到微处理器，电机运行参数检测电路将检测的电参数输入到微处理器，微处理器控制逆变电路工作，逆变电路的输出端连接定子组件的各相线圈绕组。
上述所述的恒风量数据处理器是数字信号处理器DSP或者是单片机MCU。
上述所述的恒风量数据处理器与各台BLDC电机采用有线或者无线通信。
上述所述的BLDC电机只有2台。
上述所述的各台BLDC电机采用高精度控制的电机，恒风量数据处理器指令的转速与电机实际运行转速的误差在正负3转范围内。
上述所述的每台BLDC电机向恒风量数据处理器反馈电机运行参数C是功率参数或者是电流参数。
上述所述的恒风量数据处理器里面的恒定风量Q值可以由外部输入确定。
上述所有的BLDC电机是相同规格。
上述所述的控制驱动线路板可以与电机实体造成一体。
上述所述的控制驱动线路板可以与电机实体造成分体式。
上述所述的各BLDC电机的控制驱动线路板与恒风量数据处理器可集成在同一块线路板上。
上述的恒风量数据处理器直接取代各BLDC电机的控制驱动线路板的微处理器。
上述所述当每台BLDC电机向恒风量数据处理器反馈电机运行参数C是功率参数P时，恒风量数据处理器将各台BLDC电机反馈的功率参数累加形成总功率P，将总功率代入恒风量控制函数Q＝F(n，P)计算出保持恒定风量时的电机速度n。
上述所述当每台BLDC电机向恒风量数据处理器反馈电机运行参数C是母线 电流参数时，恒风量数据处理器将各台BLDC电机反馈的母线电流参数累加形成总母线电流I，将总母线电流I代入恒风量控制函数Q＝F(n，I)计算出保持恒定风量时的电机速度n。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下效果：
1)通过将每台BLDC电机做成具速度闭环控制电机，恒风量数据处理器向各台BLDC电机发送的相同的速度信号指令，使各台BLDC电机运行的转速相同或者相当；每台BLDC电机向恒风量数据处理器反馈电机运行参数，恒风量数据处理器根据各台BLDC电机反馈的电机运行参数计算出保持恒定风量时的电机速度n，然后向各台BLDC电机发送的相同的速度信号指令，这样设计简单，实施方便，可有效缩短研发时间和费用，可靠实现恒风量控制。
2)BLDC电机是相同规格，可以更方便可靠控制；
3)控制驱动线路板可以与电机实体造成一体，可以使结构更加紧凑；
4)各BLDC电机的控制驱动线路板与恒风量数据处理器可集成在同一块线路板上，可以减少电路的重复设置。例如电源电路，可以进一步降低产品成本。
5)当每台BLDC电机向恒风量数据处理器反馈电机运行参数C是功率参数时，恒风量数据处理器将各台BLDC电机反馈的功率参数累加形成总功率，将总功率代入恒风量控制函数Q＝F(n，C)计算出保持恒定风量时的电机速度n，算法简单，减少处理器的数据运算。
附图说明：
图1是本发明实施例一的结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例一中直流无刷电机的立体图；
图3是本发明实施例一中直流无刷电机的一个分解图；
图4是本发明实施例一中直流无刷电机的另一个分解图；
图5是本发明实施例一中直流无刷电机的俯视图；
图6是本发明图5中A-A剖视图；
图7是本发明实施例一中控制驱动线路板电路方框图；
图8是图7对应的电路图；
图9是本发明的实例一通过实验测得的一族恒风量拟合曲线图；
图10是本发明的实例一通过实验测得的五族恒风量拟合曲线图；
图11是本发明实施例二的结构示意图。
图12是本发明实施例四的结构示意图。
具体实施方式：
下面通过具体实施例并结合附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述。
实施例一：
如图1、图2、图3、图4、图5、图6所示，在一个大盘管风机是使用2个BLDC电机来驱动4个风轮，包括第一电机100、第二电机200和4个风轮400，第一电机100和第二电机200的两端的输出轴1分别驱动400，所述的第一电机100、第二电机200和4个风轮400处于同一风道500内，所述的第一电机100、第二电机200是规格相同的BLDC电机，BLDC电机包括电机实体和控制驱动线路板6，电机实体包括转轴1、转子组件2、定子组件3、机壳4和端盖5，转子组件2安装在转轴1上，定子组件3与机壳4安装在一起并嵌套在转子组件2外面，端盖5安装在机壳4的端部上，转轴1两端分别支承在端盖5的轴承上，控制驱动线路板6安装在由端盖5与机壳4围成的空腔10里面，在控制驱动线路板6上焊接安装有调速电位器7，本实施例中在前端盖或者后端盖的内侧面上开设有腔体50，所述的控制驱动线路板6安装在腔体50里面。
恒风量数据处理器位于各台BLDC电机外面，每台BLDC电机包括控制驱动线路板和电机实体,制驱动线路板包括电源电路、微处理器、电机运行参数检测电路、逆变电路和转子位置测量电路，电源电路为各部分电路供电，转子位置测量电路检测转子位置信号并输入到微处理器，电机运行参数检测电路将检测的电参数输入到微处理器，微处理器控制逆变电路工作，逆变电路的输出端连接定子组件的各相线圈绕组。如图7、图8所示，假设BLDC电机是3相无刷直流永磁同步电机，电机运行参数检测电路包括转子位置测量电路、母线 电流检测电路和母线电压检测电路，转子位置测量电路一般采用3个霍尔传感器，3个霍尔传感器分别检测一个360度电角度周期的转子位置，每转过120度电角度改变一次定子组件12的各相线圈绕组的通电，形成3相6步控制模式。交流输入(AC INPUT)经过由二级管D7、D8、D9、D10组成的全波整流电路后，在电容C1的一端输出直流母线电压Vbus,直流母线电压Vbus与输入交流电压有关，交流输入(AC INPUT)的电压确定后，3相绕组的线电压UP是PWM斩波输出电压，UP＝Vbus*α，α是微处理器输入到逆变电路的PWM信号的占空比，改变线电压UP可以改变直流母线电流Ibus,逆变电路由电子开关管Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4、Q5、Q6组成，电子开关管Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4、Q5、Q6的控制端分别由微处理器输出的6路PWM信号(P1、P2、P3、P4、P5、P6)控制，逆变电路还连接电阻R1用于检测母线电流Ibus，母线电流检测电路将电阻R1的检测母线电流Ibus转换后传送到微处理器。电机输入功率控制由电子开关管Q7控制，微处理器输出的1路PWM信号--即P0，来控制电子开关管Q7的导通时间，以控制电机输入功率。转子位置测量电路检测转子位置信号并输入到微处理器，微处理器根据转子位置信号计算出电机的实时转速V，母线电流检测电路将母线电流输入到微处理器，母线电压检测电路将直流母线电压输入到微处理器，微处理器计算到输入功率P＝Ibus*Vbus。
至此，我们可以方便地思考到2台BLDC电机驱动的送风设备恒风量控制方法，其特征在于：1)将每台BLDC电机做成具速度闭环控制电机；2)在一个恒风量数据处理器里面存储恒风量控制函数Q＝F(n，P)，其中Q是风量，n是电机运行转速，P是电机输入功率；3)恒风量数据处理器向各台BLDC电机发送的相同或者想到那个的速度信号指令(相当的意思是发送到两台BLDC的电机指令速度相差值在1％以内)，使各台BLDC电机运行的转速相同或者相当，相当的意思是两台BLDC的电机实际速度误差值在1％以内；4)每台BLDC电机向恒风量数据处理器反馈电机输入功率P1、P2，恒风量数据处理器根据各台BLDC电机反馈的电机输入总功率P＝P1+P2计算出保持恒定风量时的电机速度n，然后向各台 BLDC电机发送的相同的速度信号指令。
建立数学模型：恒风量控制函数Q＝F(n，C)，假设每台BLDC电机向恒风量数据处理器反馈电机运行参数C是功率参数P时，可以针对整个风量变化的范围建立多个风量点的恒风量控制函数，当处于某个风量点时，上述所述的函数关系式P＝f(n)是一个多项式函数：P＝C1+C2×n+...+Cm×nm-1，其中C1,C2,…,Cm是系数，P是输入功率，n是电机转速值，每一个目标风量对应一组C1,C2,…,Cm系数并储存起来，微处理器根据输入的目标风量值IN-CFM通过查表法或者插值法获得对应的一组C1,C2,…,Cm系数，从而得到函数关系式P＝f(n)。
述所述函数关系式P＝f(n)是一个二阶函数：P＝C1+C2×n+C3×n2。
本发明的直接功率控制恒风量的控制方法(Direct P Control for Constant Airflow Control Apparatus Method)开发和数学模型建立是这样的：一般来说，在一个通风系统，风机由BLDC电机驱动在一个稳定的状态产生的气流空气。一个恒定的风量控制通过在一个静态的压力条件下的速度、功率控制实现，见如下关系式：CFM＝F(P,speed,pressure)，其中CFM是风量，P是功率,speed,是速度，pressure是静压。当有2台BLDC电机驱动多个风轮时，我们假设两台BLDC电机的转速是同步的，函数中的功率P＝P1+P2，P1是第一台电机的功率，P2是第二台电机的功率，当静态压力的变化，用功率和速度的控制维持该恒风量。随着静态压力增加，功率与速度随之变化。一簇恒风量CFM曲线可以测试出，如图9所示的，CFM＝300。基于这些恒风量CFM曲线，开发控制模型，当产品控制确定风量要求，通过控制功率和速度在特定的静态压力提供一个恒定风量CFM。在图10中，特性曲线代表保持控制功率和速度的的恒风量物理特性，所有电机的额定功率范围内，对任何类型的设计的气流系统的空调厂家，基于功率的测试结果与速度曲线，可以得出结论，一个典型的二次函数可以很好地用于开发建模作为一种典型的函数，P＝C1+C2×n+C3×n2，通过在曲线上选者三个待定点(A，B和C)，其对应的坐 标上的数据是(p1,n1),(p2,n2),(p3,n3)取得系数C1、C2、C3，见如下公式：
Figure PCTCN2016075898-appb-000001
通过
Figure PCTCN2016075898-appb-000002
and
Figure PCTCN2016075898-appb-000003
通过求解方程，m＝3。
曲线拟合的过程是选择多项式描述曲线，多项式的系数可以通过最小二乘法求出。理论上可以用P＝C1+C2×n+C3×n2+...+Cm×nm-1，实际上选择二项式就可以满足一般的需要。函数关系式P＝f(n)是一个二阶函数：P＝C1+C2×n+C3×n2，其中C1、C2和C3是系数，n是电机转速值，在测试的若干个目标风量中任何一个目标风量对应一组C1、C2和C3系数并储存起来，微处理器根据输入的目标风量值IN-CFM通过查表法获得对应的一组C1、C2和C3系数，从而得到函数关系式P＝f(n)，在某负载中每一个目标风量对应一组C1、C2和C3系数具体如下表1所示：
表1
CFM C1 C2 C3
150 0.338 -0.151 0.0458
300 0.4423 -0.2113 0.0765
450 。。。 。。。 。。。
600 。。。 。。。 。。。
750 。。。 。。。 。。。
900 。。。 。。。 。。。
图10是1/3HP的PM电机在小型管道的HVAC系统的直接功率控制恒风量的实验数据拟合曲线图，对于一个给定的目标气流，系统选择某些典型的风量CFM作为测试点建立一个数据库为建立数学模型之用。这些典型的点包括最小和最大风量值，附加一些中间点根据产品规格，典型的风量CFM作为测试点有5个，分别为150/300/450/600和750CFM。
表2显示测试数据结果的一个例子。电机的转速的范围是从200到1400rpm；系统的静态压力从0.1到1H2O。保持预设恒风量CCFM输出，获得一个对 应图11的电机输入功率标么值，形成一个数据库。
表2
[根据细则26改正05.09.2016]　
Figure WO-DOC-TABLE-2
利用最小二乘法，每个预定的CFM风量对应功率和转速的二次函数，在一个标准的计算方法得到的：这些方程定义的功率与在一个特定的静态压力的任何系统的工作点的速度。当输入设定风量IN-CFM预设，电机系统定义了一个与之对应的函数，其工作点的轨迹遵循函数定义。方程(3)到(7)可以表示为一个标准方程，C1、C2、C3是常数。
Figure PCTCN2016075898-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2016075898-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2016075898-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2016075898-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2016075898-appb-000009
如果请求的恒风量IN-CFM要求不是建模曲线其中的一个，使用一种插值方法来获得一个新的特征方程拟合该请求的恒风量IN-CFM，例如当请求的恒风量IN-CFM＝525cfm要求被接收，相邻两个曲线CFM1-600cfm和CFM2-450cfm建模可以识别。然后两个相应的方程可以用于计算IN-CFM＝525cfm曲线的新方程，通过插值法求取，具体请参考申请人于2014年1月28日申请的名称为：PM电机直接功率控制的恒风量控制方法及其应用的HVAC系统；公告号为：CN104807152A的发明专利，里面详细介绍了如何建立恒风量控制函数的数学模型。
在上述送风设备只有一个风量设定值时无需外部输入，当有多个设定风量或者任意设定风量时，恒风量数据处理器里面的恒定风量Q值可以由外部输入确定，并且恒风量数据处理器里面存储多个测试风量点的恒风量控制函数，如果输入请求的恒风量IN-CFM要求不是建模曲线(多个测试风量点的恒风量控制函数)其中的一个，使用一种插值方法来获得一个新的特征方程拟合该请求的恒风量IN-CFM。
恒风量数据处理器与各台BLDC电机采用有线或者无线通信。恒风量数据处理器可以是数字信号处理器DSP或者是单片机MCU。恒风量数据处理器分别与2台BLDC电机的控制驱动线路板6中的微处理器进行通信。
2台BLDC电机采用高精度控制的电机，高精度是指恒风量数据处理器指令的转速与电机实际运行转速的误差在正负3转范围内。2台BLDC电机是相同规格，控制驱动线路板可以与电机实体造成一体。
另外控制驱动线路板也可以与电机实体造成分体式，各BLDC电机的控制驱 动线路板与恒风量数据处理器可集成在同一块线路板上。
实施例二：
本实施例与实施例一的结构原理控制方法基本相同，不同点是：本实施例由3台BLDC电机驱动6个风轮，包括第一电机100、第二电机200、第三电机600和6个风轮400，第一电机100、第二电机200和第三电机600的两端的输出轴1分别驱动400，所述的第一电机100、第二电机200、第三电机600和6个风轮400处于同一风道500内，所述的第一电机100、第二电机200、第三电机600是规格相同的BLDC电机。
恒风量数据处理器里面存储恒风量控制函数Q＝F(n，P)，其中Q是风量，n是电机运行转速，P是电机输入功率。恒风量数据处理器向3台BLDC电机发送的相同的速度信号指令，使各台BLDC电机运行的转速相同或者相当，相当的意思是两台BLDC的电机实际速度误差值在1％以内；3台BLDC电机分别向恒风量数据处理器反馈电机输入功率P1、P2、P3，即第一电机100向恒风量数据处理器反馈电机输入功率P1，第二电机200向恒风量数据处理器反馈电机输入功率P2，第三电机600向恒风量数据处理器反馈电机输入功率P3，恒风量数据处理器根据各台BLDC电机反馈的电机输入总功率P＝P1+P2+P3计算出保持恒定风量时的电机速度n，然后向各台BLDC电机发送的相同的速度信号指令。
恒风量数据处理器里面根据不同的风量点存储多个恒风量控制函数Q＝F(n，P)，例如在输出风量为300CFM时的函数是：
Figure PCTCN2016075898-appb-000010
在输出风量为450CFM时的函数是：
Figure PCTCN2016075898-appb-000011
在输出风量为600CFM时的函数是：
Figure PCTCN2016075898-appb-000012
如果用户需求是输出风量为300CFM时，就调用相应的恒风量控制函数，根据反馈的电机输入总功率P计算出保持恒定风量时的电机速度n，然后向各台BLDC电机发送的相同的速度信号指令。
本实施例采用3台BLDC电机，但实际中会根据送风设备风道的宽度不同，会增加BLDC电机和风轮。例如也可以采用4台BLDC电机和8个风轮等。
实施例三：
本实施例是在实施例一基础上的改动：
我们可以方便地思考到2台BLDC电机驱动的送风设备恒风量控制方法，其特征在于：1)将每台BLDC电机做成具速度闭环控制电机；2)在一个恒风量数据处理器里面存储恒风量控制函数Q＝F(n，I)，其中Q是风量，n是电机运行转速，I是直流母线电流；3)恒风量数据处理器向各台BLDC电机发送的相同或者想到那个的速度信号指令(相当的意思是发送到两台BLDC的电机指令速度相差值在1％以内)，使各台BLDC电机运行的转速相同或者相当，相当的意思是两台BLDC的电机实际速度误差值在1％以内；4)每台BLDC电机向恒风量数据处理器反馈直流母线电流I1、I2，恒风量数据处理器根据各台BLDC电机反馈的直流母线电流I＝I1+I2计算出保持恒定风量时的电机速度n，然后向各台BLDC电机发送的相同的速度信号指令。
假设：选者某一型号的BLDC电机在某个风量点对应的恒风量函数关系式I＝f(n)是一个二阶函数：I＝C1+C2×n+C3×n2，通过实验，维持某个风量点恒定情况下测定(I,n)等多组数据，然后通过曲线拟合方法，得到对应某个风量点的系数C1、C2、C3；以此类推，可以测试多个风量点的恒风量函数的的系数C1、C2、C3，如表3所示：
表3
风量点(CFM)      
150 0.58 -0.23 0.0224
300 0.66 -0.33 0.0985
450 。。。 。。。 。。。
600 。。。 。。。 。。。
750 。。。 。。。 。。。
900 。。。 。。。 。。。
那么在恒风量数据处理器存储有多个风量点的恒风量函数。可以实现对2台BLDC电机驱动的送风设备恒风量控制。每台BLDC电机只需要按照恒风量数据处理器发送的速度信号指令，运行在指定的转速就可以了。
实施例四：
本实施例是在实施例一基础上的改进：即将实施例一中的2台BLDC电机的控制驱动线路板6移到电机壳体4的外部，因为2台BLDC电机的控制驱动线路板6和恒风量数据处理器都需要独立供电，电路结构重复，增加成本，现在将2台BLDC电机的控制驱动线路板6和恒风量数据处理器集成在一块线路板上，共用电源电路供电，删除重复的电路布局，简化结构没节省成本，如图12所述，图中2台BLDC电机原来的控制驱动线路板6分别变为为第一控制驱动单元、第二控制驱动单元，电源电路同时为第一控制驱动单元、第二控制驱动单元、恒风量数据处理器供电，节省成本。
如果恒风量数据处理器采用性能高的芯片(具有较高的运算速度和较多的I/O端口，那麽可以删除第一控制驱动单元、第二控制驱动单元里面的微处理器，直接由恒风量数据处理器取代完成其工作，这样进一步简化结构，节省成本。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种多电机驱动的送风设备恒风量控制方法，所述的送风设备包括至少2台BLDC电机，每台BLDC电机各自驱动不同的风轮并处于同一风道内，其特征在于：1)将每台BLDC电机做成具速度闭环控制电机；2)在一个恒风量数据处理器里面存储恒风量控制函数Q＝F(n，C)，其中Q是风量，n是电机运行转速，C是电机运行参数；3)恒风量数据处理器向各台BLDC电机发送的相同的速度信号指令，使各台BLDC电机运行的转速相同或者相当；4)每台BLDC电机向恒风量数据处理器反馈电机运行参数C，恒风量数据处理器根据各台BLDC电机反馈的电机运行参数C计算出保持恒定风量时的电机速度n，然后向各台BLDC电机发送的相同的速度信号指令。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多电机驱动的送风设备恒风量控制方法，其特征在于：恒风量数据处理器位于各台BLDC电机外面，每台BLDC电机包括控制驱动线路板和电机实体,制驱动线路板包括电源电路、微处理器、电机运行参数检测电路、逆变电路和转子位置测量电路，电源电路为各部分电路供电，转子位置测量电路检测转子位置信号并输入到微处理器，电机运行参数检测电路将检测的电参数输入到微处理器，微处理器控制逆变电路工作，逆变电路的输出端连接定子组件的各相线圈绕组。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多电机驱动的送风设备恒风量控制方法，其特征在于：恒风量数据处理器是数字信号处理器DSP或者是单片机MCU。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种多电机驱动的送风设备恒风量控制方法，其特征在于：恒风量数据处理器与各台BLDC电机采用有线或者无线通信。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种多电机驱动的送风设备恒风量控制方法，其特征在于：所述的BLDC电机只有2台。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种多电机驱动的送风设备恒风量控制方法，其特征在于：各台BLDC电机采用高精度控制的电机，恒风量数据处理器指令的转速与电机实际运行转速的误差在正负3转范围内。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述的一种多电机驱动的送风设备恒风量控制方法，其特征在于：每台BLDC电机向恒风量数据处理器反馈电机运行参数C是功率参数或者是电流参数。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种多电机驱动的送风设备恒风量控制方法，其特征在于：恒风量数据处理器里面的恒定风量Q值可以由外部输入确定。
  9. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种多电机驱动的送风设备恒风量控制方法，其特征在于：所有的BLDC电机是相同规格。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种多电机驱动的送风设备恒风量控制方法，其特征在于：控制驱动线路板可以与电机实体造成一体。
  11. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种多电机驱动的送风设备恒风量控制方法，其特征在于：控制驱动线路板可以与电机实体造成分体式。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的一种多电机驱动的送风设备恒风量控制方法，其特征在于：各BLDC电机的控制驱动线路板与恒风量数据处理器可集成在同一块线路板上。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的一种多电机驱动的送风设备恒风量控制方法，其特征在于：所述的恒风量数据处理器直接取代各BLDC电机的控制驱动线路板的微处理器。
  14. 根据权利要求7所述的一种多电机驱动的送风设备恒风量控制方法，其特征在于：当每台BLDC电机向恒风量数据处理器反馈电机运行参数C是功率参数P时，恒风量数据处理器将各台BLDC电机反馈的功率参数累加形成总功率P，将总功率代入恒风量控制函数Q＝F(n，P)计算出保持恒定风量时的电机速度n。
  15. 根据权利要求7所述的一种多电机驱动的送风设备恒风量控制方法，其特征在于：当每台BLDC电机向恒风量数据处理器反馈电机运行参数C是母线电流参数时，恒风量数据处理器将各台BLDC电机反馈的母线电流参数累加形成总母线电流I，将总母线电流I代入恒风量控制函数Q＝F(n，I)计算出保持恒 定风量时的电机速度n。
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