WO2017110216A1 - Optical element and display device using same - Google Patents

Optical element and display device using same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017110216A1
WO2017110216A1 PCT/JP2016/080472 JP2016080472W WO2017110216A1 WO 2017110216 A1 WO2017110216 A1 WO 2017110216A1 JP 2016080472 W JP2016080472 W JP 2016080472W WO 2017110216 A1 WO2017110216 A1 WO 2017110216A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
display device
optical element
film
degrees
polarizing plate
Prior art date
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PCT/JP2016/080472
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
丈也 酒井
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林テレンプ株式会社
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Publication of WO2017110216A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017110216A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optical element composed of a polarizing plate and a tilted alignment retardation film, and a display device equipped with the optical element.
  • a display device when external light is incident on the display screen, the incident light is scattered and reflected on the screen surface, and the visibility of the display image is impaired.
  • a design glass or a touch panel is arranged on the display device surface, in addition to reflection on the image surface, reflected light on the back surface of the design glass, the back surface of the touch panel, and the touch panel electrode is generated.
  • a phenomenon occurs.
  • Such a white-out phenomenon is particularly noticeable in an in-vehicle display device, and the in-vehicle display device is in an environment in which external light is incident from a windshield, a door glass, and a rear glass. It is a problem.
  • an AR antireflection layer made of a multilayer deposited film is disposed on the back surface of the design glass and the back surface of the touch panel.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-256728 eliminates a phenomenon in which external light is reflected on the transparent plate in a structure having a liquid crystal panel and a transparent plate facing the display surface of the liquid crystal panel.
  • a method has been proposed in which an antireflection layer in which a low refractive index layer and a high refractive index layer are laminated is disposed on one or both surfaces of a transparent plate and a liquid crystal display surface.
  • Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-32428 discloses a low refractive index layer as a low refractive index material such as magnesium fluoride and silicon dioxide, and a high refractive index.
  • a method has been proposed in which a high refractive index substance such as titanium dioxide or zirconium oxide is alternately deposited in a predetermined film thickness by a plurality of layers by vapor deposition or sputtering.
  • a method using a circularly polarizing plate has been proposed as a method for preventing external light reflection.
  • a linearly polarizing plate and a quarter wavelength plate are combined vertically, and light after passing through the polarizing plate is converted into circularly polarized light by the quarter wavelength plate.
  • This circularly polarized light is reflected on the display surface of the liquid crystal panel, and when traveling toward the viewer side, it passes through the quarter-wave plate again to become linearly polarized light with a 90-degree polarization plane rotated, and is absorbed by the linearly polarizing plate.
  • reflection of external light can be prevented.
  • this method has a problem that the hue of the image changes due to the circularly polarizing plate.
  • the transmittance decreases, the brightness of the image decreases, and the visibility in a bright environment also decreases.
  • the light emitted from the display device is significantly absorbed, so the brightness of the display device is significantly low. turn into.
  • Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-186136
  • a circularly polarizing plate is disposed on the viewer side, and the back side of the touch panel (the liquid crystal display device and the touch panel).
  • a method has been proposed in which a reduction in transmittance and a change in hue of an image are suppressed by adding a quarter-wave plate in an arrangement that cancels the phase difference of the quarter-wave plate of the circularly polarizing plate. Yes.
  • Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Publication No. 47-43845
  • Patent Document 5 Specific Table
  • the antireflective layer described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 which has been proposed for the purpose of suppressing visibility degradation due to external light reflection, is formed of a low refractive index material and a high refractive index formed by vapor deposition or sputtering.
  • an antireflection layer consisting of a multi-layered laminate of the rate material, it is necessary to form a multilayer vapor deposition film on each side of the back surface of the design glass and the back surface of the touch panel. There is.
  • the present invention has been made in view of such problems. It is an object of a display device, particularly an in-vehicle display device, to suppress a reduction in visibility due to reflection of external light and / or suppress a reflection of a display image with a simpler configuration. Furthermore, it supplementarily aims at providing the structure which achieves said objective, without impairing the transmittance
  • the present inventors combined the polarizing plate and at least one inclined alignment phase difference film in this order from the viewer side, (i) the absorption axis of the polarizing plate, Setting the slow axis of the tilted alignment phase difference film within a predetermined range, (ii) setting the in-plane phase difference of the tilt alignment phase difference film within a predetermined range, and (iii) tilt alignment phase difference It has been found that the problems of the prior art can be solved by setting the average tilt angle of the film with respect to the film plane within a predetermined range, and the present invention has been completed.
  • the first configuration of the present invention is a transmissive optical element, and is provided in the order of a polarizing plate and at least one inclined alignment retardation film from the viewing side, (I) the absorption axis of the polarizing plate and the slow axis of the tilted alignment retardation film are in the range of +15 to +55 degrees and ⁇ 15 to ⁇ 55 degrees, and (ii) the tilted alignment retardation film Having an in-plane retardation of 110 nm to 240 nm and an average tilt angle ⁇ with respect to the film plane of 22 degrees to 55 degrees. It is an optical element.
  • the in-plane retardation of the tilted alignment retardation film may be in the range of 110 nm to 180 nm.
  • the polarizing plate may be installed so that the transmission axis of the polarizing plate disposed on the viewing side is in the range of ⁇ 15 degrees to +15 degrees with respect to the vertical direction.
  • the vertical direction is a direction perpendicular to the tangent line formed between the surface on which the display device is installed and the display surface (particularly, when used in an in-vehicle display device, the vertical direction is the vertical line representing the display surface. It may be a direction (vertical direction) formed by a line projected on the display surface from the normal direction.
  • the tilted alignment retardation film preferably has an average tilt angle in the range of 22 to 50 degrees (particularly 29 to 50 degrees) with respect to the film plane.
  • At least one antireflection layer for antiglare treatment, antireflection treatment, and low reflection treatment is formed on the surface of the optical element on the viewing side and / or on the surface facing the viewing side.
  • the second configuration of the present invention is a display device in which the optical element is mounted such that a polarizing plate is disposed on the viewer side.
  • the display device may be a display device such as an IPS-type LCD or VA-type LCD in which the viewer-side polarizing plate has an absorption axis in the horizontal direction.
  • the display device may preferably have a structure including an operation touch panel device between the display device and the optical element.
  • the display device is preferably an in-vehicle display device.
  • the configuration of the present invention it is possible to suppress a reduction in the visibility of the display device due to reflection of external light and to prevent the image of the display device from being reflected in an unintended place by the specific optical element.
  • the reflected light in the viewer direction is effectively reduced with respect to light incident from the windshield (light incident from above) Visibility degradation due to light reflection can be suppressed.
  • a vehicle-mounted display device for example, a liquid crystal display device, an organic EL display device, etc.
  • a polarizing plate is disposed on the viewer side
  • a liquid crystal display device such as an IPS LCD or VA LCD
  • the effect of preventing the windshield reflection can be supplementarily exhibited without significantly reducing the transmittance.
  • FIG. 6 is an observation diagram for explaining external light reflection characteristics of Example 1.
  • FIG. 3 is an observation view for explaining a reflection preventing characteristic of Example 1.
  • the first configuration of the present invention is a transmissive optical element mounted on a display device, comprising a polarizing plate from the viewing side, and at least one inclined alignment retardation film in this order.
  • the absorption axis of the polarizing plate and the slow axis of the tilted alignment retardation film are in the range of +15 to +55 degrees and ⁇ 15 to ⁇ 55 degrees
  • the tilted alignment retardation film Is an optical element having an in-plane retardation of 110 nm to 240 nm and an average tilt angle ⁇ with respect to the film plane of 22 degrees to 55 degrees.
  • the basic configuration will be described below.
  • the optical element of the present invention includes at least a polarizing plate and a tilted alignment retardation film.
  • the basic configuration of the optical element of the present invention is a form in which a tilted alignment phase difference film 1 and a polarizing plate 2 are laminated.
  • the polarizing plate 2 has a transmission axis n, and the transmission axis n is The angle ⁇ is set with respect to the vertical direction.
  • the tilted alignment phase difference film 1 has a slow axis m, and the slow axis m is set to be an angle ⁇ with respect to the absorption axis n ′ of the polarizing plate 2.
  • ⁇ is an angle between the slow axis m of the tilted alignment retardation film and the absorption axis n ′ of the polarizing plate.
  • the tilted alignment retardation film 1 has an average tilt angle ⁇ with respect to the film surface of the tilted alignment retardation film 1.
  • the optical element is mounted on the front surface of the display device 3, that is, on the viewer side. Therefore, the polarizing plate 2, the tilted alignment phase difference film 1, and the display device 3 are arranged in this order from the viewer side.
  • An adhesive layer may be provided on these interfaces as necessary. In that case, it is preferable to prevent air from entering the interface.
  • a polarizing plate is provided on the viewing side, and (i) the absorption axis of the polarizing plate and the slow axis of the tilted alignment retardation film are set within a predetermined range, (ii) By setting the in-plane retardation of the tilted orientation retardation film within a predetermined range, and (iii) setting the average tilt angle with respect to the in-plane of the tilted orientation retardation film within a predetermined range. Even if the arrangement position is outside the display screen, reflection of external light can be suppressed, and the light emitted from the display screen can be prevented from being reflected in the reflection direction of the windshield or the like.
  • the reflection direction may be, for example, a direction existing in a range of 45 degrees to 85 degrees obliquely upward with respect to the display screen.
  • phase difference film or tilted alignment film When the absorption axis of the polarizing plate and the slow axis of the tilted alignment phase difference film (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as phase difference film or tilted alignment film) are combined at a predetermined angle, the viewer of the optical element
  • the external light (natural light) transmitted through the polarizing plate mounted on the side becomes linearly polarized light, and only light in a specific direction from the external light enters the retardation film.
  • the light incident on the retardation film undergoes a phase difference in relation to the transmission axis.
  • the light which received phase difference with the phase difference film is further reflected on the back surface of the optical element and / or the surface of the display device.
  • This reflected light is incident again on the retardation film, and further receives a retardation in the retardation film.
  • reflected light can be suppressed without using a circularly polarizing plate, it is possible to suppress a change in the hue of an image.
  • the lamination angle ⁇ between the absorption axis of the polarizing plate and the in-plane slow axis of the tilted alignment phase difference film (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as the lamination angle ⁇ ) is + 15 ° to + 55 ° and ⁇ 15 ° to ⁇ 55 ° ( It is installed in the range selected from ⁇ 15 degrees to ⁇ 55 degrees).
  • the stacking angle ⁇ is preferably + 15 ° to + 45 ° and ⁇ 15 ° to ⁇ 45 ° ( ⁇ 15 ° to ⁇ 45 °), more preferably + 20 ° to + 45 ° and ⁇ 20 ° to ⁇ 45 ° ( ⁇ 20). It is desirable that it is installed in a range selected from degrees to ⁇ 45 degrees.
  • the optical element of the present invention minimizes a decrease in luminance even when used as a display device in which a polarizing plate is mounted on the viewer side as an in-vehicle display device, and particularly a display device in which external light is incident from a windshield.
  • the reflected light can be highly suppressed with respect to the external light incident from obliquely above.
  • the tilted alignment phase difference film is a biaxial refractive index ellipsoid having main refractive indexes nx, ny, and nz in the Z-axis direction parallel to the film surface, the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the film surface normal direction, respectively.
  • ⁇ d Can be defined as an in-plane retardation value.
  • the angle nz relative to the film plane can be defined as the tilt angle.
  • the average tilt angle means the average value of the angles formed by the inclined axes of the molecules or refractive index ellipsoids constituting the tilted alignment retardation film and the in-plane.
  • the tilted alignment retardation film has an in-plane retardation of 110 nm to 240 nm and an average tilt angle ⁇ with respect to the film plane of 22 degrees to 55 degrees.
  • a tilted alignment retardation film having an in-plane retardation value with a polarizing plate according to the relationship (i)
  • reflected light from outside light can be suppressed and the display screen can be reflected.
  • the transmitted light in the reflection direction can be suppressed.
  • the in-plane retardation of the tilted alignment retardation film may be 110 to 200 nm
  • the average tilt angle ⁇ with respect to the film plane may be 22 to 55 degrees.
  • the lamination angle ⁇ , the in-plane retardation of the tilted alignment retardation film, and the average tilt angle ⁇ may have the following relationship.
  • the in-plane retardation of the tilted alignment retardation film may be 110 nm to 180 nm (preferably 110 nm to 175 nm)
  • the stacking angle ⁇ may be 15 to 45 degrees (preferably 20 to 40 degrees).
  • the in-plane retardation of the tilted alignment retardation film may be 110 nm to 205 nm (preferably 110 nm to 180 nm), The stacking angle ⁇ may be 25 to 45 degrees (preferably 25 to 35 degrees).
  • the in-plane retardation of the tilted alignment retardation film may be 120 nm to 240 nm (preferably 120 nm to 220 nm), The stacking angle ⁇ may be 25 degrees to 45 degrees (preferably 30 degrees to 45 degrees).
  • the transmission axis n of the polarizing plate 2 disposed on the viewing side is an angle ⁇ with respect to the vertical direction (in other words, the transmission axis n of the polarizing plate and the vertical direction It is preferable that the angle is between -15 degrees and +15 degrees.
  • the optical element is as follows. It is preferable to have the following characteristics.
  • the absorption axis of the polarizing plate and the slow axis of the tilted alignment retardation film are in the range of +15 to +40 degrees and -15 to -40 degrees, and
  • the tilted alignment retardation film has an in-plane retardation of 110 nm to 180 nm and an average tilt angle ⁇ with respect to the film plane of 29 degrees to 40 degrees.
  • the lamination angle ⁇ , the in-plane retardation of the tilted alignment retardation film, and the average tilt angle ⁇ may have the following relationship.
  • the in-plane retardation of the tilted alignment retardation film may be 110 nm to 175 nm (preferably 110 nm to 150 nm)
  • the stacking angle ⁇ may be 20 to 40 degrees (preferably 20 to 30 degrees).
  • the in-plane retardation of the tilted alignment retardation film may be 110 nm to 180 m (preferably 110 nm to 140 nm),
  • the stacking angle ⁇ may be 25 degrees to 35 degrees (preferably 25 degrees to 30 degrees).
  • the polarizing plate is a plate that allows only light polarized or polarized in a specific direction to pass therethrough.
  • a polarizing plate a well-known thing can be used, such as a polarizing plate provided with a uniaxially stretched polyvinyl alcohol resin film dyed with iodine or a dichroic dye as a polarizing film.
  • a polarizing plate a monoaxially stretched polyvinyl alcohol resin film dyed with iodine or a dichroic dye is treated with boric acid, and then a protective film such as a triacetyl cellulose film is laminated on both sides or one side. Can do.
  • the tilt-oriented retardation film refers to a film whose phase difference value is asymmetric with respect to the normal direction of the sheet when the fast axis or slow axis in the sheet plane is the tilt axis.
  • the phase difference value when light is incident from an oblique direction is larger than the phase difference value when light is incident vertically from the front, and the delay when light is incident vertically from the front is increased.
  • tilted alignment retardation film examples include a film obtained by obliquely slicing a stretched polymer rod, a film obtained by stretching the film, and a film in which rod-like molecules or disk-like molecules are hybrid-oriented on an orientation film.
  • a tilted alignment phase difference film produced from a photo-alignment material described in JP-A No. 2002-202409 and JP-A No. 2004-170595 can be used, and by controlling the molecular orientation in the film, The in-plane retardation of the film and the average tilt angle with respect to the film plane can be set within a predetermined range.
  • the antireflection treatment layer In the present invention, by combining a tilted alignment film and a polarizing plate, it is possible to suppress reflection of external light and to suppress reflection in the reflection direction (direction different from the intended viewing direction). Accordingly, the antireflection treatment layer can be disposed at an appropriate position of the optical element and / or the display device.
  • the antireflection treatment layer performs antireflection treatment on the surface on the viewing side of the optical element of the present invention and / or the surface facing the viewing side, or the viewing side of the display device or the side facing the optical element. As a result, the reflected light can be more highly suppressed.
  • antireflection treatment layer examples include antireflection (AR) treatment, low reflection (LR) treatment, antiglare (AG) treatment, and formation of a moth-eye structure layer.
  • AR antireflection
  • LR low reflection
  • AG antiglare
  • moth-eye structure layer examples of the antireflection treatment layer.
  • the AR processing layer and the LR processing layer are formed by laminating a single layer or a plurality of films having different refractive indexes. Specifically, a single layer or a plurality of films having different refractive indexes can be laminated by vacuum deposition, sputtering, or application and drying / curing by solution coating. If there is an antireflection treatment layer, the light reflected on the surface on which the antireflection treatment layer is applied and the light reflected at each interface of the layer formed as the antireflection layer (interface with the base material in the case of a single layer) interferes. By canceling each other, reflection can be suppressed. For example, AR processing often refers to processing that can reduce the reflectance to 1% or less, and LR processing to processing that can reduce the reflectance to about 1 to 2%.
  • the AG treatment is an anti-glare treatment that forms an uneven shape on the surface and diffuses reflected light, thereby blurring the reflected image by regular reflection and cutting glare.
  • the moth-eye structure is formed, for example, by forming a spindle-shaped structure on the surface with a period shorter than the wavelength.
  • a structure formed by a nanoimprint method using a UV curable resin or a structure having a fine structure transferred by heat and pressure can be used.
  • the display device is not particularly limited as long as it displays information on a display using optical means, and various display devices can be used.
  • a preferred display device is a liquid crystal display device or an organic EL display device.
  • the display device including the optical element of the present invention suppresses not only the reflection of the image surface but also the generation of reflected light on the back surface of the design glass, the back surface of the touch panel, and the touch panel electrode even when the design glass and the touch panel are disposed. Therefore, the so-called white-out phenomenon can be suppressed.
  • the optical element may be attached to a view area such as design glass or a touch panel.
  • an optical element may be arrange
  • the optical element may be mounted on the front surface of the in-vehicle display device, particularly on the front surface of the in-vehicle display device arranged on the dashboard. In this case, the display device can highly suppress reflected light with respect to external light that is incident obliquely from above on the display device that is incident from the windshield.
  • the display device of the present invention when the display device of the present invention is a vehicle-mounted display device, the display device may be used to suppress reflection on the windshield.
  • the display image is reflected by a windshield and interferes with the driver's driving vision.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of an in-vehicle display device in which the optical element of the present invention is not installed.
  • the driver recognizes the display screen by the light 1005 in the front direction emitted from the display screen of the in-vehicle display device 1003 toward the driver 1002 side.
  • the light 1011 incident on the windshield 1001 from the display screen of the in-vehicle display device 1003 is reflected at the interface of the windshield 1001 and becomes reflected light 1012 and enters the driver's 1002 visual field.
  • Such reflected light 1012 is recognized by the driver 1002 as being reflected on the windshield and obstructs the driving field of view of the driver 1002.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of an in-vehicle display device in which the optical element of the present invention is a front surface of the display device.
  • the light emitted from the in-vehicle display device 2003 is emitted after passing through the optical element 2004 of the present invention.
  • the optical element 2004 includes an inclined alignment retardation film, and the absorption axis of the polarizing plate and the slow axis of the inclined alignment retardation film are set in a predetermined range.
  • 2005 which emits in the front direction with respect to the viewer side enters perpendicularly to the tilted alignment phase difference film.
  • the outgoing light 2011 in the oblique direction has a larger phase difference than the vertically transmitted light 2005 by being transmitted through the inclined alignment film, and is emitted in the front direction 2011.
  • the polarization state changes greatly.
  • the optical element of the present invention when passing through a polarizing plate having a predetermined absorption axis with respect to the slow axis of the tilted alignment phase difference film, the light 2011 toward the windshield is absorbed and the transmittance is lowered, while the light 2005 transmitted vertically It can suppress that the transmittance
  • the optical element of the present invention when the optical element of the present invention is arranged, the amount of light reaching the windshield is reduced, so that an effect of suppressing reflection on the windshield can be obtained.
  • the vehicle-mounted display device may be a vehicle-mounted display device such as a center information display as shown in FIG.
  • the display device 9 is disposed on the dashboard 12.
  • a tilted alignment phase difference film 10 is disposed on the viewer side of the image display surface
  • a polarizing plate 11 is disposed on the viewer side of the tilted alignment phase difference film 10.
  • this windshield reflection preventing effect can be further improved by adjusting the axial angle of the polarizing plate mounted on the viewer side.
  • the transmission axis of the polarizing plate disposed on the viewing side of the optical element is preferably set so that light traveling toward the windshield is incident on the windshield at or near the Brewster angle.
  • the transmission axis of the polarizing plate disposed on the viewing side of the element is preferably within a range of ⁇ 15 ° with respect to the vertical direction. In this case, the amount of light reaching the windshield can be reduced by absorbing the light to the polarizing plate, and reflection on the windshield can be suppressed to a higher degree.
  • the transmission axis of the polarizing plate arranged on the viewing side of the optical element is larger than ⁇ 15 ° with respect to the vertical direction, it will deviate from the Brewster angle, so that reflected light will be generated and the effect of suppressing reflection May be damaged.
  • the transmission axis angle of the polarizing plate attached to the viewer side of the display device can be appropriately adjusted according to the positional relationship between the display device and the windshield and the eye point of the viewer.
  • the transmittance in the direction of 60 ° above the optical element 5 was measured assuming light traveling toward the windshield when mounted on a vehicle. Specifically, the luminance in the upward 60 ° direction was measured with or without the optical element 5, and the transmittance was measured as luminance with optical element / luminance without optical element ⁇ 100 (%).
  • the transmittance is less than 20%, it is judged as good ( ⁇ ), if it is 20% or more and 30% or less, it is judged as practical level ( ⁇ ), and if it exceeds 30%, it is judged that there is no effect ( ⁇ ). did.
  • the optical element was obtained from the change in luminance in the front direction before and after mounting. If the transmittance is 60% or more, it is judged as good ( ⁇ ). If it is less than 60% and 50% or more, it is judged as a practical level ( ⁇ ). If the transmittance is less than 50%, it is judged as a practical level. It was judged that there was no ( ⁇ ).
  • Example 1 As shown in FIG. 1, a polarizing plate 2 is disposed so that the angle ⁇ of the transmission axis n is 0 ° with respect to the vertical direction, and a tilted alignment phase difference film is provided on the polarizing plate 2 through an adhesive layer. 1 is a tilted alignment phase difference film provided so that the angle ⁇ between the slow axis m and the absorption axis n ′ is 15 °, and these are applied to the liquid crystal display 3 through the adhesive layer from the viewer side. 2 were bonded together in the order of the tilted alignment phase difference film 1 and the liquid crystal display 3.
  • the polarizing plate 2 a commercially available polarizing plate in which the polarizing element is a PVA / iodine-based film, the protective film is a TAC (triacetylcellulose) film, and AG treatment is performed on the viewer side.
  • the transmission axis of the polarizing plate arranged on the viewing side swings the angle ⁇ with respect to the vertical direction in the range of ⁇ 15 degrees to +15 degrees, the windshield reflection suppression is at a practical level.
  • Examples 2 to 65 As shown in Table 1, in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the in-plane retardation (Re), the average tilt angle, and the in-plane slow axis of the tilted alignment film are set with respect to the absorption axis of the polarizing plate. An element was formed, and optical characteristics were measured. Table 1 shows the results obtained. The obtained optical element had a reflection suppressing performance as well as an external light reflection preventing performance usable at a practical level.
  • Example 66 The back surface of the optical element of Example 1 was further subjected to antireflection treatment.
  • the antireflection treatment was performed by pasting the entire surface of the TAC film with an adhesive so that there was no air interface. As a result, the visibility when incident external light was improved, and a further effect of preventing reflection of external light was confirmed.
  • FIG. 6 is an observation diagram of external light reflection characteristics when illuminated with a surface light source as external light in the configuration of Example 1, and is reflected in an optical system assuming a display device that is mounted on a dashboard and is disposed on the dashboard.
  • FIG. 7 shows observation views of the anti-intrusion characteristics.
  • the optical element is arranged on the right half and the optical element is not arranged on the left half of the display device.
  • the optical element is bonded to the back surface of the glass plate 4 whose surface is AGAR-treated in the order of a polarizing plate and an inclined alignment film with an adhesive so that there is no air interface. As shown in FIG.
  • the display image can be confirmed on the right side where the optical element is installed, but the display image cannot be confirmed on the left side where the optical element is not installed due to reflection of external light. Further, as shown in FIG. 7, there is no reflection on the windshield on the right side where the optical element is installed, but a display image on the windshield is reflected on the left side where no optical element is installed.
  • the optical element of the present invention when used, it is possible to suppress external light reflection that occurs on the display surface of the display device.
  • the reflected light toward the viewer is reduced with respect to light incident from the windshield (light incident from above), and reflected by external light. Visibility degradation can be suppressed.

Abstract

Provided are: an optical element comprising a polarizing plate and an oblique-alignment phase difference film; and a display device to which the optical element is attached. The optical element is provided with, in the order from the viewing side, a polarizing plate 2, and at least one oblique-alignment phase difference film 1. The absorption axis n' of the polarizing plate 2 and the slow axis m of the oblique-alignment phase difference film 1 are set within the ranges of +15 to +55 degrees, and -15 to -55 degrees. The in-plane phase difference of the oblique-alignment phase difference film is within the range of 110 to 240 nm. An average tilt angle γ relative to the film in-plane of the oblique-alignment phase difference film is within the range of 22 to 55 degrees. The optical element can be attached to the image display surface of a display device 3.

Description

光学素子およびこれを用いた表示装置Optical element and display device using the same 関連出願Related applications
　本願は、日本国で２０１５年１２月２５日に出願した特願２０１５－２５３３０５の優先権を主張するものであり、その全体を参照により本出願の一部をなすものとして引用する。 This application claims the priority of Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-253305 filed on December 25, 2015 in Japan, and is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety as a part of this application.
　本発明は、偏光板と傾斜配向位相差フィルムとで構成される光学素子、およびこの光学素子を装着した表示装置に関する。 The present invention relates to an optical element composed of a polarizing plate and a tilted alignment retardation film, and a display device equipped with the optical element.
　時計、計算機、ゲーム機、ファクシミリ、電話機、オーディオ機器、テレビ、コンピュータ、各種モバイル製品などの表示面や、車載用インフォメーションパネル、建築物に設けられる表示パネルでは、液晶表示装置や有機ＥＬ表示装置などの各種表示装置が用いられている。 Display screens for watches, computers, game machines, facsimile machines, telephones, audio equipment, televisions, computers, various mobile products, etc., in-vehicle information panels, display panels provided in buildings, liquid crystal display devices, organic EL display devices, etc. Various display devices are used.
　このような表示装置では、表示画面に外光が入射すると、画面表面で入射光が散乱、反射し表示画像の視認性が損なわれる。特に、表示装置表面に意匠ガラスやタッチパネルが配置される場合には、画像表面の反射に加え、意匠ガラス裏面、タッチパネル裏面、タッチパネル電極での反射光が生じるため著しく視認性が損なわれるホワイトアウトという現象が生じる。このようなホワイトアウト現象は、特に、車載用表示装置で顕著であり、車載用表示装置ではフロントガラス、ドアガラス、リヤガラスから外光が入射する環境にあるため、表示画像の視認性の低下が問題となっている。 In such a display device, when external light is incident on the display screen, the incident light is scattered and reflected on the screen surface, and the visibility of the display image is impaired. In particular, when a design glass or a touch panel is arranged on the display device surface, in addition to reflection on the image surface, reflected light on the back surface of the design glass, the back surface of the touch panel, and the touch panel electrode is generated. A phenomenon occurs. Such a white-out phenomenon is particularly noticeable in an in-vehicle display device, and the in-vehicle display device is in an environment in which external light is incident from a windshield, a door glass, and a rear glass. It is a problem.
　このような外光反射による視認性の低下を抑制する方法として、意匠ガラス裏面、タッチパネル裏面に多層蒸着膜によるＡＲ反射防止層を配置する方法が挙げられる。 As a method for suppressing such a decrease in visibility due to external light reflection, there is a method in which an AR antireflection layer made of a multilayer deposited film is disposed on the back surface of the design glass and the back surface of the touch panel.
　例えば、特許文献１（特開２００８－２５６７２８号公報）には、液晶パネルと、該液晶パネルの表示面に対向する透明板を有する構造において、前記透明板に外光が映り込む現象などを解消するために、透明板の片面または両面および液晶表示面に低屈折率層と高屈折率層を積層した反射防止層を配置する方法が提案されている。 For example, Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-256728) eliminates a phenomenon in which external light is reflected on the transparent plate in a structure having a liquid crystal panel and a transparent plate facing the display surface of the liquid crystal panel. In order to achieve this, a method has been proposed in which an antireflection layer in which a low refractive index layer and a high refractive index layer are laminated is disposed on one or both surfaces of a transparent plate and a liquid crystal display surface.
　このような車載用表示装置の反射防止層として、特許文献２（特開２０００－３２１４２８号公報）には、低屈折率層として、フッ化マグネシウム、二酸化珪素等の低屈折率物質と、高屈折率層として、二酸化チタン、酸化ジルコニウム等の高屈折率物質を所定の膜厚で交互に複数層を蒸着法あるいはスパッタ法で堆積する方法が提案されている。 As an antireflection layer for such an in-vehicle display device, Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-32428) discloses a low refractive index layer as a low refractive index material such as magnesium fluoride and silicon dioxide, and a high refractive index. As an index layer, a method has been proposed in which a high refractive index substance such as titanium dioxide or zirconium oxide is alternately deposited in a predetermined film thickness by a plurality of layers by vapor deposition or sputtering.
　また、外光反射を防止する方法として円偏光板を用いる方法も提案されている。この方法では、直線偏光板と１／４波長板を上下に組み合わせ、偏光板を透過後の光を１／４波長板により円偏光とする。この円偏光は液晶パネル表示面で反射し、視認者側へ向かう際に、再度１／４波長板を透過することにより９０度偏波面の回転した直線偏光となり、直線偏光板に吸収されることにより外光の反射を防止することができる。しかしこの方法では、円偏光板によって、画像の色相が変化してしまうという問題がある。さらに、液晶表示装置の前面に配置した場合、透過率が低下してしまい、画像の明度が低下して、明るい環境での視認率も低下する。特に、偏光板が視認者側に装着される液晶表示装置や有機EL表示装置などが用いられた場合、表示装置から出射する光が大幅に吸収されてしまうため、表示装置の輝度が大幅に低くなってしまう。 Also, a method using a circularly polarizing plate has been proposed as a method for preventing external light reflection. In this method, a linearly polarizing plate and a quarter wavelength plate are combined vertically, and light after passing through the polarizing plate is converted into circularly polarized light by the quarter wavelength plate. This circularly polarized light is reflected on the display surface of the liquid crystal panel, and when traveling toward the viewer side, it passes through the quarter-wave plate again to become linearly polarized light with a 90-degree polarization plane rotated, and is absorbed by the linearly polarizing plate. Thus, reflection of external light can be prevented. However, this method has a problem that the hue of the image changes due to the circularly polarizing plate. Furthermore, when the liquid crystal display device is disposed in front of the liquid crystal display, the transmittance decreases, the brightness of the image decreases, and the visibility in a bright environment also decreases. In particular, when a liquid crystal display device or an organic EL display device with a polarizing plate attached to the viewer side is used, the light emitted from the display device is significantly absorbed, so the brightness of the display device is significantly low. turn into.
　この問題に対して、特許文献３（特開平１０－１８６１３６号公報）では、液晶表示装置に取り付けられるタッチパネルにおいて、視認者側に円偏光板を配置し、タッチパネルの裏面側（液晶表示装置とタッチパネルの間）に、円偏光板の１／４波長板の位相差を打ち消す配置で、１／４波長板を追加することにより、透過率の低下と画像の色相変化を抑制する方法が提案されている。 With respect to this problem, in Patent Document 3 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-186136), in a touch panel attached to a liquid crystal display device, a circularly polarizing plate is disposed on the viewer side, and the back side of the touch panel (the liquid crystal display device and the touch panel). In the meantime, a method has been proposed in which a reduction in transmittance and a change in hue of an image are suppressed by adding a quarter-wave plate in an arrangement that cancels the phase difference of the quarter-wave plate of the circularly polarizing plate. Yes.
　また、車載用表示装置では、このような外光反射による視認性の低下の問題の他にも、車両の夜間運転時にその表示画像がフロントガラスへ映り込むと、運転者の視認性を低下させるため安全上問題となる場合もある。
　このような表示画面のフロントガラスへの映り込みを防止する目的で、表示画面からの光を所定方向に制御する為、特許文献４（特公昭４７－４３８４５号公報）及び特許文献５（特表２００４－５１４１６７号公報）に記載された方法で製造されたルーバー様の構造を用いたマイクロルーバーフィルムが提案されている。 In addition, in the in-vehicle display device, in addition to the problem of deterioration of visibility due to external light reflection, when the display image is reflected on the windshield during night driving of the vehicle, the visibility of the driver is lowered. Therefore, it may be a safety problem.
In order to prevent such reflection of the display screen on the windshield, the light from the display screen is controlled in a predetermined direction. Patent Document 4 (Japanese Patent Publication No. 47-43845) and Patent Document 5 (Special Table) A micro louver film using a louver-like structure manufactured by the method described in JP 2004-514167 A) has been proposed.
特開２００８－２５６７２８号公報JP 2008-256728 A 特開２０００－３２１４２８号公報JP 2000-32428 A 特開平１０－１８６１３６号公報JP-A-10-186136 特公昭４７－４３８４５号公報Japanese Patent Publication No. 47-43845 特表２００４－５１４１６７号公報JP-T-2004-514167
　外光反射による視認性低下を抑制する目的で提案されている、特許文献１、特許文献２に記載されている反射防止層を、蒸着法、スパッタ法により形成される低屈折率物質と高屈折率物質の複数層の積層体からなる反射防止層を施す場合には、意匠ガラス裏面、タッチパネル裏面の各面に多層蒸着膜を形成する必要があり、構成、製造工程が煩雑になるなどの問題がある。 The antireflective layer described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, which has been proposed for the purpose of suppressing visibility degradation due to external light reflection, is formed of a low refractive index material and a high refractive index formed by vapor deposition or sputtering. When applying an antireflection layer consisting of a multi-layered laminate of the rate material, it is necessary to form a multilayer vapor deposition film on each side of the back surface of the design glass and the back surface of the touch panel. There is.
　特許文献３に提案されている方法では、円偏光板に加え、別の１／４波長板を配置する必要があり、この方法でも構成、製造工程が煩雑になるなどの問題がある。
　また、表示画面のフロントガラスへの映り込みを防止する目的で提案されている特許文献４および５に提案されているマイクロルーバーフィルムは、製造工程が煩雑で高価である上、ルーバーの設置角度によっては、表示装置の画素配列との間でモアレが発生する問題がある。更に、表示画面の視野角特性が極端に狭くなるという問題がある。 In the method proposed in Patent Document 3, it is necessary to dispose another quarter-wave plate in addition to the circularly polarizing plate, and this method also has problems such as a complicated configuration and manufacturing process.
In addition, the micro louver films proposed in Patent Documents 4 and 5 which are proposed for the purpose of preventing the display screen from being reflected on the windshield are complicated and expensive in manufacturing process, and also depend on the installation angle of the louvers. However, there is a problem that moire occurs between the pixel arrangement of the display device. Furthermore, there is a problem that the viewing angle characteristic of the display screen becomes extremely narrow.
　その他、表示画面に外光が入射しないように、あるいは、フロントガラスへの映り込みを防止するために表示装置を庇の内部に設置するなどの方法がとられるが、これを設置する場合には、表示装置の配置が庇の内部に限定され、表示装置周辺のデザインの自由性が損なわれてしまうという問題がある。 Other methods such as installing a display device inside the bag to prevent external light from entering the display screen or to prevent reflection on the windshield can be used. There is a problem that the arrangement of the display device is limited to the inside of the bag and the design freedom around the display device is impaired.
　本発明は、このような課題を鑑みてなされたものである。表示装置、特に車載用表示装置において、より簡便な構成で、外光反射による視認性低下を抑制すること、および／または、表示画像の映り込みを抑止することを目的とする。
　更には、補足的に、透過率を大幅に損なうことなく、上記の目的を達成する構成を提供することを目的とする。
　更には、モアレ等の発生や視野角を極端に狭くすること無く、表示画像の映り込みを抑止可能である構成を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of such problems. It is an object of a display device, particularly an in-vehicle display device, to suppress a reduction in visibility due to reflection of external light and / or suppress a reflection of a display image with a simpler configuration.
Furthermore, it supplementarily aims at providing the structure which achieves said objective, without impairing the transmittance | permeability significantly.
Furthermore, it aims at providing the structure which can suppress the reflection of a display image, without generating generation | occurrence | production of a moire etc. and making a viewing angle extremely narrow.
　本発明者は、上記の問題を解決するために鋭意研究した結果、視認側から偏光板、および少なくとも一枚の傾斜配向位相差フィルムの順で組み合わせ、（ｉ）前記偏光板の吸収軸と、前記傾斜配向位相差フィルムの遅相軸とを所定の範囲に設定すること、（ｉｉ）傾斜配向位相差フィルムの面内位相差を所定の範囲に設定すること、および（ｉｉｉ）傾斜配向位相差フィルムのフィルム面内に対する平均チルト角を所定の範囲に設定することによって従来技術の問題点を解決できることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of diligent research to solve the above problems, the present inventors combined the polarizing plate and at least one inclined alignment phase difference film in this order from the viewer side, (i) the absorption axis of the polarizing plate, Setting the slow axis of the tilted alignment phase difference film within a predetermined range, (ii) setting the in-plane phase difference of the tilt alignment phase difference film within a predetermined range, and (iii) tilt alignment phase difference It has been found that the problems of the prior art can be solved by setting the average tilt angle of the film with respect to the film plane within a predetermined range, and the present invention has been completed.
　すなわち、本発明の第１の構成は、透過性の光学素子であって、視認側から偏光板、少なくとも一枚の傾斜配向位相差フィルムの順に備え、
（ｉ）前記偏光板の吸収軸と、前記傾斜配向位相差フィルムの遅相軸が＋１５度～＋５５度および－１５度～－５５度の範囲であり、かつ
（ｉｉ）前記傾斜配向位相差フィルムが、面内位相差１１０ｎｍ～２４０ｎｍを有するとともに、フィルム面内に対する平均チルト角γが２２度～５５度である、
光学素子である。 That is, the first configuration of the present invention is a transmissive optical element, and is provided in the order of a polarizing plate and at least one inclined alignment retardation film from the viewing side,
(I) the absorption axis of the polarizing plate and the slow axis of the tilted alignment retardation film are in the range of +15 to +55 degrees and −15 to −55 degrees, and (ii) the tilted alignment retardation film Having an in-plane retardation of 110 nm to 240 nm and an average tilt angle γ with respect to the film plane of 22 degrees to 55 degrees.
It is an optical element.
　例えば、傾斜配向位相差フィルムの面内位相差は、１１０ｎｍ～１８０ｎｍの範囲であってもよい。さらに、偏光板は、視認側に配置される偏光板の透過軸が垂直方向に対して－１５度～＋１５度の範囲となるように設置されていてもよい。なお、ここで、垂直方向とは、表示装置を設置する面と表示面の成す接線に対して垂直となる方向（特に、車載用表示装置に用いられる場合、垂直方向は、鉛直線を表示面の法線方向から表示面上に投影した線のなす方向（上下方向）であってもよい）を意味している。 For example, the in-plane retardation of the tilted alignment retardation film may be in the range of 110 nm to 180 nm. Further, the polarizing plate may be installed so that the transmission axis of the polarizing plate disposed on the viewing side is in the range of −15 degrees to +15 degrees with respect to the vertical direction. Here, the vertical direction is a direction perpendicular to the tangent line formed between the surface on which the display device is installed and the display surface (particularly, when used in an in-vehicle display device, the vertical direction is the vertical line representing the display surface. It may be a direction (vertical direction) formed by a line projected on the display surface from the normal direction.
　前記傾斜配向位相差フィルムは、フィルム面内に対して、平均チルト角が２２度～５０度（特に２９度～５０度）の範囲内にあるのが好ましい。 The tilted alignment retardation film preferably has an average tilt angle in the range of 22 to 50 degrees (particularly 29 to 50 degrees) with respect to the film plane.
　さらに、光学素子の視認側の表面、および／または視認側と対向する側の表面にアンチグレア処理、アンチリフレクション処理、およびローリフレクション処理の少なくとも１種の反射防止層が形成されているのが好ましい。 Furthermore, it is preferable that at least one antireflection layer for antiglare treatment, antireflection treatment, and low reflection treatment is formed on the surface of the optical element on the viewing side and / or on the surface facing the viewing side.
　本発明の第２の構成は、前記光学素子を、視認者側に偏光板が配設されるように装着している表示装置である。表示装置は、ＩＰＳ型ＬＣＤ、ＶＡ型ＬＣＤなどの視認者側偏光板の吸収軸が水平方向である表示装置であってもよい。また、表示装置は、好ましくは表示装置と光学素子の間に操作用タッチパネル装置を備えた構造であってもよい。
　さらに、表示装置は、車載用表示装置であるのが好ましい。 The second configuration of the present invention is a display device in which the optical element is mounted such that a polarizing plate is disposed on the viewer side. The display device may be a display device such as an IPS-type LCD or VA-type LCD in which the viewer-side polarizing plate has an absorption axis in the horizontal direction. The display device may preferably have a structure including an operation touch panel device between the display device and the optical element.
Furthermore, the display device is preferably an in-vehicle display device.
　なお、請求の範囲および／または明細書および／または図面に開示された少なくとも２つの構成要素のどのような組み合わせも、本発明に含まれる。特に、請求の範囲に記載された請求項の２つ以上のどのような組み合わせも本発明に含まれる。 It should be noted that any combination of at least two components disclosed in the claims and / or the specification and / or the drawings is included in the present invention. In particular, any combination of two or more of the claims recited in the claims is included in the present invention.
　本発明の構成によれば、特定の光学素子により、外光反射による表示装置の視認性低下を抑制できるとともに、表示装置の映像が意図しない場所へ映り込むのを防止できる。特に、ダッシュボートの上に配置されるような車載用表示装置において、フロントガラスから入射する光（上方から入射する光）に対して、視認者方向への反射光を効果的に低減し、外光反射による視認性低下を抑制できる。 According to the configuration of the present invention, it is possible to suppress a reduction in the visibility of the display device due to reflection of external light and to prevent the image of the display device from being reflected in an unintended place by the specific optical element. In particular, in an in-vehicle display device arranged on a dashboard, the reflected light in the viewer direction is effectively reduced with respect to light incident from the windshield (light incident from above) Visibility degradation due to light reflection can be suppressed.
　また、視認者側に偏光板が配置される車載用表示装置（例えば、液晶表示装置、有機ＥＬ表示装置等）において、例えば液晶表示装置であればＩＰＳ型ＬＣＤ、ＶＡ型ＬＣＤなどの視認者側偏光板の吸収軸が水平方向である表示装置において、透過率を大きく低下させることなく、フロントガラス映り込み防止の効果を補足的に発現させることもできる。 In addition, in a vehicle-mounted display device (for example, a liquid crystal display device, an organic EL display device, etc.) in which a polarizing plate is disposed on the viewer side, for example, a liquid crystal display device such as an IPS LCD or VA LCD In a display device in which the absorption axis of the polarizing plate is in the horizontal direction, the effect of preventing the windshield reflection can be supplementarily exhibited without significantly reducing the transmittance.
　この発明は、添付の図面を参考にした以下の好適な実施形態の説明からより明瞭に理解されるであろう。しかしながら、実施形態および図面は単なる図示および説明のためのものであり、この発明の範囲を定めるために利用されるべきでない。この発明の範囲は添付のクレームによって定まる。添付図面において、複数の図面における同一の部品番号は、同一部分を示す。 The present invention will be more clearly understood from the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the embodiments and drawings are merely for illustration and description and should not be used to define the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. In the accompanying drawings, the same part number in a plurality of drawings indicates the same part.
本発明の光学素子の一例を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the optical element of this invention. 光学素子を設けない場合に生じるフロントガラス映り込みを説明するための模式図である。It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the windshield reflection which arises when an optical element is not provided. 本発明の光学素子の一例を設けた場合のフロントガラス映り込み防止効果を説明するための模式図である。It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the windshield reflection prevention effect at the time of providing an example of the optical element of this invention. 本発明の光学素子の一例において、本発明の光学素子をダッシュボードに配設した例を示すための模式図である。In an example of the optical element of this invention, it is a schematic diagram for showing the example which has arrange | positioned the optical element of this invention in the dashboard. 実施例において、外光反射防止性能効果を確認するための光学系を示す模式図である。In an Example, it is a schematic diagram which shows the optical system for confirming an external light antireflection performance effect. 実施例１の外光反射特性を説明するための観察図である。FIG. 6 is an observation diagram for explaining external light reflection characteristics of Example 1. 実施例１の映り込み防止特性を説明するための観察図である。FIG. 3 is an observation view for explaining a reflection preventing characteristic of Example 1.
　本発明の第１の構成は、表示装置に装着される透過性の光学素子であって、視認側から偏光板、少なくとも一枚の傾斜配向位相差フィルムの順に備え、
（ｉ）前記偏光板の吸収軸と、前記傾斜配向位相差フィルムの遅相軸が＋１５度～＋５５度および－１５度～－５５度の範囲であり、かつ
（ｉｉ）前記傾斜配向位相差フィルムが、面内位相差１１０ｎｍ～２４０ｎｍを有するとともに、フィルム面内に対する平均チルト角γが２２度～５５度である、光学素子である。以下に、その基本構成を説明する。 The first configuration of the present invention is a transmissive optical element mounted on a display device, comprising a polarizing plate from the viewing side, and at least one inclined alignment retardation film in this order.
(I) the absorption axis of the polarizing plate and the slow axis of the tilted alignment retardation film are in the range of +15 to +55 degrees and −15 to −55 degrees, and (ii) the tilted alignment retardation film Is an optical element having an in-plane retardation of 110 nm to 240 nm and an average tilt angle γ with respect to the film plane of 22 degrees to 55 degrees. The basic configuration will be described below.
（光学素子の基本構成）
　本発明の光学素子は、偏光板および傾斜配向位相差フィルムを少なくとも備えている。
　本発明の光学素子の基本構成は、図１に示すように、傾斜配向位相差フィルム１と偏光板２を積層した形態であり、偏光板２は透過軸ｎを有し、この透過軸ｎは、垂直方向に対して角度φとなるよう設定されている。一方、傾斜配向位相差フィルム１は、遅相軸ｍを有し、この遅相軸ｍは、前記偏光板２の吸収軸ｎ´に対して、角度θとなるように設定されている。すなわち、θは、傾斜配向位相差フィルムの遅相軸ｍと偏光板の吸収軸ｎ´との間の角度である。ここで、傾斜配向位相差フィルム１では、傾斜配向位相差フィルム１のフィルム面に対して、平均チルト角γを有している。
　図１において、光学素子は、表示装置３の前面、すなわち視認者側に装着される。そのため、視認者側から、偏光板２、傾斜配向位相差フィルム１、表示装置３の順で配設されている。これらの界面には、必要に応じて粘着層を設けていてもよい。その場合、界面に空気が入り込まないようにするのが好ましい。 (Basic configuration of optical element)
The optical element of the present invention includes at least a polarizing plate and a tilted alignment retardation film.
As shown in FIG. 1, the basic configuration of the optical element of the present invention is a form in which a tilted alignment phase difference film 1 and a polarizing plate 2 are laminated. The polarizing plate 2 has a transmission axis n, and the transmission axis n is The angle φ is set with respect to the vertical direction. On the other hand, the tilted alignment phase difference film 1 has a slow axis m, and the slow axis m is set to be an angle θ with respect to the absorption axis n ′ of the polarizing plate 2. That is, θ is an angle between the slow axis m of the tilted alignment retardation film and the absorption axis n ′ of the polarizing plate. Here, the tilted alignment retardation film 1 has an average tilt angle γ with respect to the film surface of the tilted alignment retardation film 1.
In FIG. 1, the optical element is mounted on the front surface of the display device 3, that is, on the viewer side. Therefore, the polarizing plate 2, the tilted alignment phase difference film 1, and the display device 3 are arranged in this order from the viewer side. An adhesive layer may be provided on these interfaces as necessary. In that case, it is preferable to prevent air from entering the interface.
　本発明の構成では、視認側に対して偏光板を設けるとともに、（ｉ）前記偏光板の吸収軸と、前記傾斜配向位相差フィルムの遅相軸とを所定の範囲に設定すること、（ｉｉ）傾斜配向位相差フィルムの面内位相差を所定の範囲に設定すること、および（ｉｉｉ）傾斜配向位相差フィルムのフィルム面内に対する平均チルト角を所定の範囲に設定することにより、光学素子の配設位置が表示画面の外部であっても、外光の反射を抑えることができるとともに、表示画面の出射光が、フロントガラスなどの映り込み方向へ映り込むのを抑制する効果がある。さらに、このような組み合わせにより、たとえ光学素子を構成する傾斜配向位相差フィルムが単層であっても、外光の反射を抑える効果がある。
　なお、映り込み方向とは、例えば、表示画面に対して、例えば、斜め上方４５度～８５度の範囲に存在する方向としてもよい。 In the configuration of the present invention, a polarizing plate is provided on the viewing side, and (i) the absorption axis of the polarizing plate and the slow axis of the tilted alignment retardation film are set within a predetermined range, (ii) By setting the in-plane retardation of the tilted orientation retardation film within a predetermined range, and (iii) setting the average tilt angle with respect to the in-plane of the tilted orientation retardation film within a predetermined range. Even if the arrangement position is outside the display screen, reflection of external light can be suppressed, and the light emitted from the display screen can be prevented from being reflected in the reflection direction of the windshield or the like. Furthermore, such a combination has an effect of suppressing reflection of external light even if the tilted alignment retardation film constituting the optical element is a single layer.
The reflection direction may be, for example, a direction existing in a range of 45 degrees to 85 degrees obliquely upward with respect to the display screen.
　まず、前記偏光板の吸収軸と、前記傾斜配向位相差フィルムの遅相軸とを所定の範囲に設定することについて説明する。前記偏光板の吸収軸と、前記傾斜配向位相差フィルム（以下、単に位相差フィルムまたは傾斜配向フィルムと称する場合がある）の遅相軸とを所定の角度で組み合わせた場合、光学素子の視認者側に装着された偏光板を透過した外光（自然光）は直線偏光となり、外光からの特定の方向の光のみが位相差フィルムへ入射する。位相差フィルムへ入射した光は、前記透過軸との関係で位相差を受ける。そして、位相差フィルムにより位相差を受けた光は更に、光学素子の裏面および／または表示装置の表面で反射する。この反射光は、再度位相差フィルムへ再入射し、さらに位相差フィルムにおいて位相差を受ける。本発明の光学素子では、再度位相差を受けた入射光のうち、所定量の入射光が偏光板の透過軸を透過することが困難となり、最終的に外光からの反射光を抑制することが可能となる。また、円偏光板を用いなくとも反射光を抑制できるため、画像の色相が変化することを抑制することができる。 First, setting the absorption axis of the polarizing plate and the slow axis of the tilted alignment phase difference film within a predetermined range will be described. When the absorption axis of the polarizing plate and the slow axis of the tilted alignment phase difference film (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as phase difference film or tilted alignment film) are combined at a predetermined angle, the viewer of the optical element The external light (natural light) transmitted through the polarizing plate mounted on the side becomes linearly polarized light, and only light in a specific direction from the external light enters the retardation film. The light incident on the retardation film undergoes a phase difference in relation to the transmission axis. And the light which received phase difference with the phase difference film is further reflected on the back surface of the optical element and / or the surface of the display device. This reflected light is incident again on the retardation film, and further receives a retardation in the retardation film. In the optical element of the present invention, it becomes difficult for a predetermined amount of incident light among the incident light subjected to the phase difference again to pass through the transmission axis of the polarizing plate, and finally suppresses reflected light from outside light. Is possible. Moreover, since reflected light can be suppressed without using a circularly polarizing plate, it is possible to suppress a change in the hue of an image.
　偏光板の吸収軸と傾斜配向位相差フィルムの面内遅相軸の積層角度θ（以下、単に積層角度θと称する場合がある）は、＋１５度～＋５５度および－１５度～－５５度（±１５度～±５５度）から選択される範囲で設置されている。積層角度θは、好ましくは、＋１５度～＋４５度および－１５度～－４５度（±１５度～±４５度）、より好ましくは＋２０度～＋４５度および－２０度～－４５度（±２０度～±４５度）から選択される範囲で設置されていることが望ましい。本発明の光学素子は、車載表示装置として偏光板が視認者側に装着される表示装置に用いる場合でも輝度の低下を最小限に抑え、特に、フロントガラスから外光が入射するような表示装置において、斜め上方より入射する外光に対して、高度に反射光を抑制することができる。 The lamination angle θ between the absorption axis of the polarizing plate and the in-plane slow axis of the tilted alignment phase difference film (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as the lamination angle θ) is + 15 ° to + 55 ° and −15 ° to −55 ° ( It is installed in the range selected from ± 15 degrees to ± 55 degrees). The stacking angle θ is preferably + 15 ° to + 45 ° and −15 ° to −45 ° (± 15 ° to ± 45 °), more preferably + 20 ° to + 45 ° and −20 ° to −45 ° (± 20). It is desirable that it is installed in a range selected from degrees to ± 45 degrees. The optical element of the present invention minimizes a decrease in luminance even when used as a display device in which a polarizing plate is mounted on the viewer side as an in-vehicle display device, and particularly a display device in which external light is incident from a windshield. In this case, the reflected light can be highly suppressed with respect to the external light incident from obliquely above.
　また、傾斜配向位相差フィルムについて、以下に説明する。
　傾斜配向位相差フィルムは、フィルム面に平行するＸ軸、Ｙ軸、およびフィルム面法線方向のＺ軸方向にそれぞれ主屈折率ｎｘ、ｎｙ、ｎｚを有する２軸性の屈折率楕円体において、Ｚ軸方向から観察したときにできる垂直楕円面のｎｙとｎｘの差の絶対値と膜厚ｄの積：
｜ｎｙ－ｎｘ｜×ｄ
を面内位相差値と定義することができる。
　また、屈折率楕円体において、フィルム面内に対するｎｚの角をチルト角と定義することができる。特に平均チルト角とは、傾斜配向位相差フィルムを構成する分子或いは屈折率楕円体の傾斜した軸が面内と成す角の平均値を意味している。 The tilted alignment phase difference film will be described below.
The tilted alignment retardation film is a biaxial refractive index ellipsoid having main refractive indexes nx, ny, and nz in the Z-axis direction parallel to the film surface, the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the film surface normal direction, respectively. The product of the absolute value of the difference between ny and nx on the vertical ellipsoid when observed from the Z-axis direction and the film thickness d:
| Ny-nx | × d
Can be defined as an in-plane retardation value.
In the refractive index ellipsoid, the angle nz relative to the film plane can be defined as the tilt angle. In particular, the average tilt angle means the average value of the angles formed by the inclined axes of the molecules or refractive index ellipsoids constituting the tilted alignment retardation film and the in-plane.
　前記傾斜配向位相差フィルムは、面内位相差１１０ｎｍ～２４０ｎｍを有するとともに、フィルム面内に対する平均チルト角γが２２度～５５度である。このような面内位相差値を有する傾斜配向位相差フィルムを、前記（ｉ）の関係により偏光板と組み合わせることにより、外光からの反射光を抑制できるとともに、表示画面が映り込む原因となる、映り込み方向への透過光を抑制することができる。
　なお、好ましくは、傾斜配向位相差フィルムの面内位相差は、１１０ｎｍ～２００ｎｍであってもよく、フィルム面内に対する平均チルト角γが２２度～５５度であってもよい。
　さらに、好ましくは、積層角度θと、傾斜配向位相差フィルムの面内位相差と、平均チルト角γとは、以下の関係を有していてもよい。
（Ｉ）平均チルト角γが３５度以上５０度以下である場合、
・傾斜配向位相差フィルムの面内位相差が、１１０ｎｍ～１８０ｎｍ（好ましくは１１０ｎｍ～１７５ｎｍ）であってもよく、
・積層角度θが、１５度～４５度（好ましくは２０度～４０度）であってもよい。
（ＩＩ）平均チルト角γが２９度以上３５度未満である場合、
・傾斜配向位相差フィルムの面内位相差が、１１０ｎｍ～２０５ｎｍ（好ましくは１１０ｎｍ～１８０ｎｍ）であってもよく、
・積層角度θが、２５度～４５度（好ましくは２５度～３５度）であってもよい。
（ＩＩＩ）平均チルト角γが２２度以上２９度未満である場合、
・傾斜配向位相差フィルムの面内位相差が、１２０ｎｍ～２４０ｎｍ（好ましくは１２０ｎｍ～２２０ｎｍ）であってもよく、
・積層角度θが、２５度～４５度（好ましくは３０度～４５度）であってもよい。 The tilted alignment retardation film has an in-plane retardation of 110 nm to 240 nm and an average tilt angle γ with respect to the film plane of 22 degrees to 55 degrees. By combining such a tilted alignment retardation film having an in-plane retardation value with a polarizing plate according to the relationship (i), reflected light from outside light can be suppressed and the display screen can be reflected. The transmitted light in the reflection direction can be suppressed.
Preferably, the in-plane retardation of the tilted alignment retardation film may be 110 to 200 nm, and the average tilt angle γ with respect to the film plane may be 22 to 55 degrees.
Furthermore, preferably, the lamination angle θ, the in-plane retardation of the tilted alignment retardation film, and the average tilt angle γ may have the following relationship.
(I) When the average tilt angle γ is not less than 35 degrees and not more than 50 degrees,
The in-plane retardation of the tilted alignment retardation film may be 110 nm to 180 nm (preferably 110 nm to 175 nm),
The stacking angle θ may be 15 to 45 degrees (preferably 20 to 40 degrees).
(II) When the average tilt angle γ is 29 degrees or more and less than 35 degrees,
The in-plane retardation of the tilted alignment retardation film may be 110 nm to 205 nm (preferably 110 nm to 180 nm),
The stacking angle θ may be 25 to 45 degrees (preferably 25 to 35 degrees).
(III) When the average tilt angle γ is 22 degrees or more and less than 29 degrees,
The in-plane retardation of the tilted alignment retardation film may be 120 nm to 240 nm (preferably 120 nm to 220 nm),
The stacking angle θ may be 25 degrees to 45 degrees (preferably 30 degrees to 45 degrees).
　位相差値や積層角度がこのような範囲である場合、外光反射の抑制効果を高めることができるとともに、フロントガラスへの映り込み防止効果を向上することができる。
　さらに、フロントガラスへの映り込み防止効果を向上させる観点から、視認側に配置される偏光板２の透過軸ｎが垂直方向に対する角度φ（言い換えると、偏光板の透過軸ｎと垂直方向との間の角度）が－１５度～＋１５度の範囲に設置されていることが好ましい。 When the phase difference value and the stacking angle are within such ranges, the effect of suppressing external light reflection can be enhanced and the effect of preventing reflection on the windshield can be improved.
Furthermore, from the viewpoint of improving the effect of preventing reflection on the windshield, the transmission axis n of the polarizing plate 2 disposed on the viewing side is an angle φ with respect to the vertical direction (in other words, the transmission axis n of the polarizing plate and the vertical direction It is preferable that the angle is between -15 degrees and +15 degrees.
　外光反射の抑制効果を高めること、およびフロントガラスへの映り込み防止効果を向上することだけでなく、さらに、表示装置の透過率の低下を抑制することができる観点から、光学素子は、以下の特性を有するのが好ましい。
（ｉ）前記偏光板の吸収軸と、前記傾斜配向位相差フィルムの遅相軸が＋１５度～＋４０度および－１５度～－４０度の範囲であり、かつ
（ｉｉ）前記傾斜配向位相差フィルムが、面内位相差１１０ｎｍ～１８０ｎｍを有するとともに、フィルム面内に対する平均チルト角γが２９度～４０度である。 From the viewpoint of not only enhancing the effect of suppressing external light reflection and improving the effect of preventing reflection on the windshield, but also suppressing the decrease in transmittance of the display device, the optical element is as follows. It is preferable to have the following characteristics.
(I) the absorption axis of the polarizing plate and the slow axis of the tilted alignment retardation film are in the range of +15 to +40 degrees and -15 to -40 degrees, and (ii) the tilted alignment retardation film However, the film has an in-plane retardation of 110 nm to 180 nm and an average tilt angle γ with respect to the film plane of 29 degrees to 40 degrees.
　特に好ましくは、積層角度θと、傾斜配向位相差フィルムの面内位相差と、平均チルト角γとは、以下の関係を有していてもよい。
（Ｉ）平均チルト角γが３５度以上５０度以下である場合、
・傾斜配向位相差フィルムの面内位相差が、１１０ｎｍ～１７５ｎｍ（好ましくは１１０ｎｍ～１５０ｎｍ）であってもよく、
・積層角度θが、２０度～４０度（好ましくは２０度～３０度）であってもよい。
（ＩＩ）平均チルト角γが２９度以上３５度未満である場合、
・傾斜配向位相差フィルムの面内位相差が、１１０ｎｍ～１８０ｍ（好ましくは１１０ｎｍ～１４０ｎｍ）であってもよく、
・積層角度θが、２５度～３５度（好ましくは２５度～３０度）であってもよい。 Particularly preferably, the lamination angle θ, the in-plane retardation of the tilted alignment retardation film, and the average tilt angle γ may have the following relationship.
(I) When the average tilt angle γ is not less than 35 degrees and not more than 50 degrees,
The in-plane retardation of the tilted alignment retardation film may be 110 nm to 175 nm (preferably 110 nm to 150 nm),
The stacking angle θ may be 20 to 40 degrees (preferably 20 to 30 degrees).
(II) When the average tilt angle γ is 29 degrees or more and less than 35 degrees,
The in-plane retardation of the tilted alignment retardation film may be 110 nm to 180 m (preferably 110 nm to 140 nm),
The stacking angle θ may be 25 degrees to 35 degrees (preferably 25 degrees to 30 degrees).
（偏光板）
　本発明において、偏光板は、特定方向に偏光、又は偏波した光だけに限って通過させる板である。このような偏光板としては、ヨウ素や２色性色素などにより染色された一軸延伸ポリビニルアルコール樹脂フィルムを偏光膜として備える偏光板など、公知のものを使用することができる。例えば、偏光板としては、ヨウ素や２色性色素により染色された一軸延伸ポリビニルアルコール樹脂フィルムをホウ酸処理後、その両面または片面にトリアセチルセルロースフィルムなどの保護フィルムが積層されたものを用いることができる。 (Polarizer)
In the present invention, the polarizing plate is a plate that allows only light polarized or polarized in a specific direction to pass therethrough. As such a polarizing plate, a well-known thing can be used, such as a polarizing plate provided with a uniaxially stretched polyvinyl alcohol resin film dyed with iodine or a dichroic dye as a polarizing film. For example, as a polarizing plate, a monoaxially stretched polyvinyl alcohol resin film dyed with iodine or a dichroic dye is treated with boric acid, and then a protective film such as a triacetyl cellulose film is laminated on both sides or one side. Can do.
（傾斜配向位相差フィルム）
　本発明において、傾斜配向位相差フィルムは、シート面内の進相軸または遅相軸を傾斜軸としたときの位相差値がシートの法線方向に対して非対称であるものをいう。傾斜配向フィルムでは、正面から垂直に光が入射したときの位相差値と比較して、斜めから光が入射したときの位相差値が大きくなるとともに、正面から垂直に光が入射したときの遅相軸と、斜めから光が入射したときの遅相軸方向が変化する。 (Inclined phase difference film)
In the present invention, the tilt-oriented retardation film refers to a film whose phase difference value is asymmetric with respect to the normal direction of the sheet when the fast axis or slow axis in the sheet plane is the tilt axis. In the tilted alignment film, the phase difference value when light is incident from an oblique direction is larger than the phase difference value when light is incident vertically from the front, and the delay when light is incident vertically from the front is increased. The phase axis and the slow axis direction when light is incident obliquely change.
　このような傾斜配向位相差フィルムの例としては、延伸した高分子ロッドを斜めにスライスしたフィルム、更にはそのフィルムを延伸したフィルム、棒状分子ないしは円盤状分子を配向膜上でハイブリッド配向させたフィルム、特開２００２－２０２４０９号、特開２００４－１７０５９５号公報に記載された光配向材料により作製される傾斜配向位相差フィルムなどを用いることができ、フィルム中の分子配向性を制御することにより、フィルムの面内位相差およびフィルム面内に対する平均チルト角を所定の範囲に設定することができる。 Examples of such a tilted alignment retardation film include a film obtained by obliquely slicing a stretched polymer rod, a film obtained by stretching the film, and a film in which rod-like molecules or disk-like molecules are hybrid-oriented on an orientation film. In addition, a tilted alignment phase difference film produced from a photo-alignment material described in JP-A No. 2002-202409 and JP-A No. 2004-170595 can be used, and by controlling the molecular orientation in the film, The in-plane retardation of the film and the average tilt angle with respect to the film plane can be set within a predetermined range.
（反射防止処理層）
　本発明では傾斜配向フィルムと偏光板を組み合わせることにより、外光の反射を抑制するとともに、映り込み方向（意図される視認方向とは異なる方向）への映り込みを抑制できるものであり、必要に応じて、反射防止処理層を光学素子および／または表示装置の適当な箇所に設置することができる。例えば、反射防止処理層は、本発明の光学素子の視認側の表面、および／または視認側と対向する側の表面、あるいは表示装置の視認側または光学素子と対向する側に反射防止処理を施すことによって、反射光をより高度に抑制することが可能となる。この反射防止処理層としては、アンチリフレクション（ＡＲ）処理、ローリフレクション（ＬＲ）処理、アンチグレア（ＡＧ）処理、モスアイ構造の層の形成が挙げられる。これらの反射防止処理層は、単独でまたは二種以上組み合わせて使用してもよい。 (Antireflection treatment layer)
In the present invention, by combining a tilted alignment film and a polarizing plate, it is possible to suppress reflection of external light and to suppress reflection in the reflection direction (direction different from the intended viewing direction). Accordingly, the antireflection treatment layer can be disposed at an appropriate position of the optical element and / or the display device. For example, the antireflection treatment layer performs antireflection treatment on the surface on the viewing side of the optical element of the present invention and / or the surface facing the viewing side, or the viewing side of the display device or the side facing the optical element. As a result, the reflected light can be more highly suppressed. Examples of the antireflection treatment layer include antireflection (AR) treatment, low reflection (LR) treatment, antiglare (AG) treatment, and formation of a moth-eye structure layer. These antireflection treatment layers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
　ＡＲ処理層、ＬＲ処理層は、単層または複数の屈折率の異なる膜を積層することにより形成される。具体的には、真空蒸着、スパッタリングにより、あるいは溶液コーティングでの塗布および乾燥/硬化させることにより、単層または複数の屈折率の異なる膜を積層することができる。反射防止処理層が存在すると、反射防止処理層を施した表面での反射光と、反射防止層として形成した層の各界面（単層の場合は基材との界面）で反射する光が干渉により打ち消しあい、反射を抑制することができる。例えば、ＡＲ処理は、反射率が１％以下、ＬＲ処理は、反射率が１～２％程度に低減できる処理を指すことが多い。 The AR processing layer and the LR processing layer are formed by laminating a single layer or a plurality of films having different refractive indexes. Specifically, a single layer or a plurality of films having different refractive indexes can be laminated by vacuum deposition, sputtering, or application and drying / curing by solution coating. If there is an antireflection treatment layer, the light reflected on the surface on which the antireflection treatment layer is applied and the light reflected at each interface of the layer formed as the antireflection layer (interface with the base material in the case of a single layer) interferes. By canceling each other, reflection can be suppressed. For example, AR processing often refers to processing that can reduce the reflectance to 1% or less, and LR processing to processing that can reduce the reflectance to about 1 to 2%.
　ＡＧ処理は、表面に凹凸形状を形成し、反射光を拡散させることにより、正反射による反射像をぼやかし、眩しさをカットする防眩処理である。基材表面にシリカなどの無機粒子やスチレン、アクリルまたはスチレンとアクリルの共重合体からなる有機微粒子をコーティングする方法、基材表面に凹凸形状の転写型にて、ＵＶ硬化樹脂による転写や熱による腑形により表面に凹凸を形成する方法、あるいは、サンドブラストなどの方法により表面を荒らすことにより凹凸を形成する方法が挙げられる。 The AG treatment is an anti-glare treatment that forms an uneven shape on the surface and diffuses reflected light, thereby blurring the reflected image by regular reflection and cutting glare. A method of coating the surface of the substrate with inorganic particles such as silica, or organic fine particles made of styrene, acrylic or a copolymer of styrene and acrylic, a transfer mold with a concavo-convex shape on the surface of the substrate, transfer by UV curable resin or by heat Examples thereof include a method of forming irregularities on the surface by a saddle shape, or a method of forming irregularities by roughening the surface by a method such as sandblasting.
　モスアイ構造は、例えば、表面に波長よりも短い周期で錘形の構造物を形成したものである。このような構造体を表面に配置すると、空気から基材内部に向かう光は屈折率が徐変することと同等の効果が得られ、屈折率の変化する急激な界面が存在しないため反射光を生じない。このような構造はＵＶ硬化樹脂を用いたナノインプリント法などで形成したものや、熱と圧力により微細構造を転写したものを用いることができる。
　また、別体でこのような処理を施したフィルムを、光学素子および／または表示装置の適当な表面に貼り付けることも可能である。 The moth-eye structure is formed, for example, by forming a spindle-shaped structure on the surface with a period shorter than the wavelength. When such a structure is arranged on the surface, the light that travels from the air to the inside of the substrate has the same effect as the refractive index gradually changing. Does not occur. As such a structure, a structure formed by a nanoimprint method using a UV curable resin or a structure having a fine structure transferred by heat and pressure can be used.
Moreover, it is also possible to affix the film which performed such a process separately on the suitable surface of an optical element and / or a display apparatus.
［表示装置］
　表示装置としては、光学手段を利用して情報をディスプレイ上に表示するものであれば特に限定されるものではなく、様々な表示装置を利用することが可能である。好ましい表示装置は、液晶表示装置や有機ＥＬ表示装置などである。
　本発明の光学素子を備える表示装置は、意匠ガラスやタッチパネルが配置されているにおいても、画像表面の反射だけでなく、意匠ガラス裏面、タッチパネル裏面、タッチパネル電極での反射光の発生を抑制することができるため、いわゆるホワイトアウト現象を抑制することが可能である。 [Display device]
The display device is not particularly limited as long as it displays information on a display using optical means, and various display devices can be used. A preferred display device is a liquid crystal display device or an organic EL display device.
The display device including the optical element of the present invention suppresses not only the reflection of the image surface but also the generation of reflected light on the back surface of the design glass, the back surface of the touch panel, and the touch panel electrode even when the design glass and the touch panel are disposed. Therefore, the so-called white-out phenomenon can be suppressed.
　表示装置において、前記光学素子は、意匠ガラス、タッチパネル等のビューエリア部に装着されていてもよい。その場合、光学素子は、意匠ガラス、タッチパネル等と車載表示装置の間に配置されてもよく、または意匠ガラス、タッチパネル等の上の視認者側に配置されてもよい。光学素子は、粘着剤などによって意匠ガラス、タッチパネル等の表面と光学素子との間に空気層が形成されないよう密着されることが望ましい。
　また、光学素子は、車載表示装置の前面、特にダッシュボード上に配置された車載表示装置の前面に装着されてもよい。この場合、表示装置は、フロントガラスから入射するような表示装置に対して斜め上方より入射する外光に対して、高度に反射光を抑制することができる。 In the display device, the optical element may be attached to a view area such as design glass or a touch panel. In that case, an optical element may be arrange | positioned between design glass, a touchscreen, etc. and vehicle-mounted display apparatuses, or may be arrange | positioned at the viewer side on design glass, a touchscreen, etc. It is desirable that the optical element is closely adhered by an adhesive or the like so that an air layer is not formed between the surface of the design glass, the touch panel, or the like and the optical element.
The optical element may be mounted on the front surface of the in-vehicle display device, particularly on the front surface of the in-vehicle display device arranged on the dashboard. In this case, the display device can highly suppress reflected light with respect to external light that is incident obliquely from above on the display device that is incident from the windshield.
　さらに、本発明の表示装置が車載用表示装置である場合、前記表示装置は、フロントガラスへの映り込みを抑制するために用いてもよい。一般に、車載用表示装置では、その表示画像がフロントガラスで反射して映り込み、運転者の運転視野を妨害する。図２に、本願発明の光学素子を設置していない車載用表示装置の概略図を示す。図２では、車載用表示装置１００３の表示画面から運転者１００２側に対して出射した正面方向の光１００５により、運転者は表示画面を認識する。その一方で、車載用表示装置１００３の表示画面からフロントガラス１００１へ入射した光１０１１は、フロントガラス１００１の界面で反射し、反射光１０１２となって運転者１００２の視野へ入射する。このような反射光１０１２は、運転者１００２にとっては、フロントガラスへの映り込みとして認識され、運転者１００２の運転視野を阻害する。 Furthermore, when the display device of the present invention is a vehicle-mounted display device, the display device may be used to suppress reflection on the windshield. In general, in a vehicle-mounted display device, the display image is reflected by a windshield and interferes with the driver's driving vision. FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of an in-vehicle display device in which the optical element of the present invention is not installed. In FIG. 2, the driver recognizes the display screen by the light 1005 in the front direction emitted from the display screen of the in-vehicle display device 1003 toward the driver 1002 side. On the other hand, the light 1011 incident on the windshield 1001 from the display screen of the in-vehicle display device 1003 is reflected at the interface of the windshield 1001 and becomes reflected light 1012 and enters the driver's 1002 visual field. Such reflected light 1012 is recognized by the driver 1002 as being reflected on the windshield and obstructs the driving field of view of the driver 1002.
　一方、図３は、本発明の光学素子を表示装置前面にする車載用表示装置の一実施態様を示す概略図である。図３では、車載用表示装置２００３からの出射光は、本発明の光学素子２００４を通過してから出射される。光学素子２００４は、傾斜配向位相差フィルムを備え、偏光板の吸収軸と、前記傾斜配向位相差フィルムの遅相軸とを所定の範囲に設定している。 On the other hand, FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of an in-vehicle display device in which the optical element of the present invention is a front surface of the display device. In FIG. 3, the light emitted from the in-vehicle display device 2003 is emitted after passing through the optical element 2004 of the present invention. The optical element 2004 includes an inclined alignment retardation film, and the absorption axis of the polarizing plate and the slow axis of the inclined alignment retardation film are set in a predetermined range.
　車載用表示装置２００３の表示画面からフロントガラス１００１へ向かう光、すなわち斜め上方向へ出射する光２０１１は、傾斜配向位相差フィルムに対して斜め方向に入射する。一方、視認者側に対して正面方向へ出射する２００５は、傾斜配向位相差フィルムに対して垂直に入射する。垂直に入射する光２００５と比較して、斜め方向への出射光２０１１は、傾斜配向フィルムを透過することによって、垂直に透過する光２００５に比べ大きな位相差が生じ、正面方向に出射する光２０１１と比較して、偏光状態が大きく変化する。そして、傾斜配向位相差フィルムの遅相軸に対して所定の吸収軸を有する偏光板を通過する際、フロントガラスへ向かう光２０１１は吸収され透過率が低くなる一方、垂直に透過する光２００５の透過率が低下するのを抑制することができる。その結果、本発明の光学素子を配置すると、フロントガラスへ到達する光の量が少なくなるため、フロントガラスへの映り込みを抑える効果が得られる。 The light traveling from the display screen of the in-vehicle display device 2003 toward the windshield 1001, that is, the light 2011 emitted obliquely upward, enters the obliquely aligned retardation film in an oblique direction. On the other hand, 2005 which emits in the front direction with respect to the viewer side enters perpendicularly to the tilted alignment phase difference film. Compared with the vertically incident light 2005, the outgoing light 2011 in the oblique direction has a larger phase difference than the vertically transmitted light 2005 by being transmitted through the inclined alignment film, and is emitted in the front direction 2011. Compared with, the polarization state changes greatly. Then, when passing through a polarizing plate having a predetermined absorption axis with respect to the slow axis of the tilted alignment phase difference film, the light 2011 toward the windshield is absorbed and the transmittance is lowered, while the light 2005 transmitted vertically It can suppress that the transmittance | permeability falls. As a result, when the optical element of the present invention is arranged, the amount of light reaching the windshield is reduced, so that an effect of suppressing reflection on the windshield can be obtained.
　例えば、車載用表示装置は、図４に示すようなセンターインフォメーションディスプレイのような車載用であってダッシュボード上部に配置される表示装置であってもよい。図４に示すように、表示装置９は、ダッシュボード１２の上部に配設されている。表示装置９には、画像表示面の視認者側に傾斜配向位相差フィルム１０が配設され、傾斜配向位相差フィルム１０の視認者側に偏光板１１が配設されている。本発明の光学素子を設けない場合、偏光板１１から斜め上方へ出射する光は、フロントガラス（ガラス板）８上で映り込みＱを発生させるが、本発明の光学素子を設ける場合、映り込みＱを低減する（好ましくは映り込みＱをなくす）ことが可能となる。 For example, the vehicle-mounted display device may be a vehicle-mounted display device such as a center information display as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, the display device 9 is disposed on the dashboard 12. In the display device 9, a tilted alignment phase difference film 10 is disposed on the viewer side of the image display surface, and a polarizing plate 11 is disposed on the viewer side of the tilted alignment phase difference film 10. When the optical element of the present invention is not provided, the light emitted obliquely upward from the polarizing plate 11 generates a reflection Q on the windshield (glass plate) 8, but when the optical element of the present invention is provided, the reflection occurs. Q can be reduced (preferably the reflection Q is eliminated).
　さらに、視認者側に装着される偏光板の軸角度を調節することにより、このフロントガラス映り込み防止効果をより向上させることができる。一般的な車載用表示装置において、フロントガラスへ向かう光がフロントガラスに対してＰ偏光となる。そのため、光学素子の視認側に配置される偏光板の透過軸は、フロントガラスへ向かう光がフロントガラスに対してブリュースター角またはその近傍で入射するように設定されるのが好ましく、例えば、光学素子の視認側に配置される偏光板の透過軸は、垂直方向に対して、±１５°の範囲内にあるのが好ましい。この場合、前述のフロントガラスへ到達する光の量を偏光板に吸収させて少なくすることと併せて、より高度にフロントガラスへの映り込みを抑えることが可能となる。光学素子の視認側に配置される偏光板の透過軸が垂直方向に対して、±１５°より大きくなると、ブリュースター角から外れてくるため、反射光が生じるようになり、映り込みの抑制効果が損なわれることがある。
　なお、表示装置の視認者側に装着される偏光板の透過軸角度は、表示装置とフロントガラスの位置関係、視認者のアイポイントに応じて、適宜調整することができる。 Furthermore, this windshield reflection preventing effect can be further improved by adjusting the axial angle of the polarizing plate mounted on the viewer side. In a general vehicle-mounted display device, light traveling toward the windshield becomes P-polarized light with respect to the windshield. Therefore, the transmission axis of the polarizing plate disposed on the viewing side of the optical element is preferably set so that light traveling toward the windshield is incident on the windshield at or near the Brewster angle. The transmission axis of the polarizing plate disposed on the viewing side of the element is preferably within a range of ± 15 ° with respect to the vertical direction. In this case, the amount of light reaching the windshield can be reduced by absorbing the light to the polarizing plate, and reflection on the windshield can be suppressed to a higher degree. If the transmission axis of the polarizing plate arranged on the viewing side of the optical element is larger than ± 15 ° with respect to the vertical direction, it will deviate from the Brewster angle, so that reflected light will be generated and the effect of suppressing reflection May be damaged.
Note that the transmission axis angle of the polarizing plate attached to the viewer side of the display device can be appropriately adjusted according to the positional relationship between the display device and the windshield and the eye point of the viewer.
　以下に、実施例に基づいて本発明をより詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例によって限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
［フィルムの面内位相差値の測定］
　複屈折測定装置を用いて垂直入射時の位相差値を測定した。 [Measurement of in-plane retardation value of film]
The phase difference value at the time of normal incidence was measured using a birefringence measuring apparatus.
［フィルムの平均チルト角の測定］
　複屈折の角度依存性を測定し、解析ソフトにて推定した。 [Measurement of average tilt angle of film]
The angle dependence of birefringence was measured and estimated with analysis software.
［外光反射防止性能の評価方法］
　図５に示すように、視認側表面をＡＧＡＲ処理したガラス板４および光学素子５を重ね合わせ、鏡６の上に配置した。光源／受光部としての輝度計７を垂直方向に配置し、垂直方向の反射率を測定した。
　ここで、反射率が１０％未満であれば良好（◎）と判断し、１０％以上、１５％以下であれば実用レベル（○）、１５％を超えた場合は、効果無し（×）と判断した。 [Evaluation method of external light anti-reflection performance]
As shown in FIG. 5, the glass plate 4 and the optical element 5 whose surface on the viewing side was AGAR-treated were superposed and placed on the mirror 6. A luminance meter 7 as a light source / light receiving unit was arranged in the vertical direction, and the reflectance in the vertical direction was measured.
Here, if the reflectance is less than 10%, it is judged as good (◎), if it is 10% or more and 15% or less, it is a practical level (◯), and if it exceeds 15%, there is no effect (×). It was judged.
［フロントガラス映り込み防止性能の評価方法］
　フロントガラス映り込み防止性能は、車載搭載時にフロントガラスへ向かう光を想定して、光学素子５に上方６０°方向の透過率を測定した。なお、具体的には、上方６０°方向の輝度を、光学素子５の有無で測定し、光学素子有り輝度／光学素子無し輝度×１００（％）として透過率を測定した。
　ここで、透過率２０％未満であれば良好（◎）と判断し、２０％以上、３０％以下であれば実用レベル（○）、３０％を超えた場合は、効果無し（×）と判断した。 [Evaluation method of windshield reflection prevention performance]
As for the windshield reflection prevention performance, the transmittance in the direction of 60 ° above the optical element 5 was measured assuming light traveling toward the windshield when mounted on a vehicle. Specifically, the luminance in the upward 60 ° direction was measured with or without the optical element 5, and the transmittance was measured as luminance with optical element / luminance without optical element × 100 (%).
Here, if the transmittance is less than 20%, it is judged as good (◎), if it is 20% or more and 30% or less, it is judged as practical level (◯), and if it exceeds 30%, it is judged that there is no effect (×). did.
［表示装置の透過率の評価方法］
　図５に示す表示装置において、光学素子を装着前後での正面方向の輝度変化から求めた。透過率が６０％以上であれば、良好（◎）と判断し、６０％未満、５０％以上であれば実用レベル（○）と判断し、透過率が５０％未満の場合は、実用レベルでは無い（×）と判断した。 [Method for evaluating transmittance of display device]
In the display device shown in FIG. 5, the optical element was obtained from the change in luminance in the front direction before and after mounting. If the transmittance is 60% or more, it is judged as good (◎). If it is less than 60% and 50% or more, it is judged as a practical level (◯). If the transmittance is less than 50%, it is judged as a practical level. It was judged that there was no (×).
（実施例１）
　図１に示すように、垂直方向に対して、透過軸ｎの角度φ：０°となるよう偏光板２を配設し、偏光板２に対して粘着層を介して、傾斜配向位相差フィルム１を遅相軸ｍと吸収軸ｎ´の角度θ：１５°となるよう傾斜配向位相差フィルムを配設し、これらを粘着層を介して液晶ディスプレイ３に対して、視認者側から偏光板２、傾斜配向位相差フィルム１、液晶ディスプレイ３の順になるように貼りあわせた。
　ここで、偏光板２は、偏光素子がＰＶＡ／ヨウ素系、保護フィルムがＴＡＣ（トリアセチルセルロース）フィルムであり、視認者側にＡＧ処理が施された市販の偏光板を使用した。なお、視認側に配置される偏光板の透過軸が垂直方向に対する角度φを－１５度～＋１５度の範囲に振った場合、フロントガラス映り込み抑制は実用化レベルであった。 Example 1
As shown in FIG. 1, a polarizing plate 2 is disposed so that the angle φ of the transmission axis n is 0 ° with respect to the vertical direction, and a tilted alignment phase difference film is provided on the polarizing plate 2 through an adhesive layer. 1 is a tilted alignment phase difference film provided so that the angle θ between the slow axis m and the absorption axis n ′ is 15 °, and these are applied to the liquid crystal display 3 through the adhesive layer from the viewer side. 2 were bonded together in the order of the tilted alignment phase difference film 1 and the liquid crystal display 3.
Here, as the polarizing plate 2, a commercially available polarizing plate in which the polarizing element is a PVA / iodine-based film, the protective film is a TAC (triacetylcellulose) film, and AG treatment is performed on the viewer side. In addition, when the transmission axis of the polarizing plate arranged on the viewing side swings the angle φ with respect to the vertical direction in the range of −15 degrees to +15 degrees, the windshield reflection suppression is at a practical level.
　傾斜配向位相差フィルム２は、平均チルト角＝３７°、傾斜配向フィルムの面内位相差値＝１４７ｎｍである。
　液晶ディスプレイ３は、表示装置には視認者側偏光板の透過軸が垂直方向であるＩＰＳ型液晶ディスプレイを用い、このＩＰＳ型液晶ディスプレイ上に、傾斜配向フィルム、偏光板を配置した構成を想定し、光学特性の測定を行った。表１に、得られた結果を示す。 The tilted alignment phase difference film 2 has an average tilt angle = 37 ° and an in-plane retardation value of the tilted alignment film = 147 nm.
Assuming a configuration in which the liquid crystal display 3 uses an IPS type liquid crystal display in which the transmission axis of the viewer side polarizing plate is a vertical direction in the display device, and an inclined alignment film and a polarizing plate are arranged on the IPS type liquid crystal display. The optical properties were measured. Table 1 shows the results obtained.
（実施例２～６５）
　表１に示すように、傾斜配向フィルムの面内位相差（Re）、平均チルト角、面内遅相軸の偏光板の吸収軸に対する角度を設定する以外は、実施例１と同様にして光学素子を形成し、光学特性の測定を行った。表１に、得られた結果を示す。得られた光学素子は、実用レベルで使用可能な外光反射防止性能とともに、映り込み抑制性能を有していた。 (Examples 2 to 65)
As shown in Table 1, in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the in-plane retardation (Re), the average tilt angle, and the in-plane slow axis of the tilted alignment film are set with respect to the absorption axis of the polarizing plate. An element was formed, and optical characteristics were measured. Table 1 shows the results obtained. The obtained optical element had a reflection suppressing performance as well as an external light reflection preventing performance usable at a practical level.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
（実施例６６）
　実施例１の光学素子の裏面に更に反射防止処理を施した。反射防止処理は、ＴＡＣフィルム表面をＬＲ処理したフィルムを空気界面が無いよう全面を粘着剤で貼合することにより行った。その結果、外光入射時の視認性が向上し、一層の外光反射防止効果を確認した。 Example 66
The back surface of the optical element of Example 1 was further subjected to antireflection treatment. The antireflection treatment was performed by pasting the entire surface of the TAC film with an adhesive so that there was no air interface. As a result, the visibility when incident external light was improved, and a further effect of preventing reflection of external light was confirmed.
　実施例１の構成での外光として面光源で照明したときの外光反射特性の観察図を図６、車載用であってダッシュボード上部に配置される表示装置を想定した光学系での映り込み防止特性の観察図を図7にそれぞれ示す。なお、この観察図で用いたサンプルは、表示装置に対して、右半分に光学素子を配置し、左半分は光学素子を配置していない。なお、光学素子は、表面をＡＧＡＲ処理したガラス板４の裏面に対して、空気界面が無いよう全面を粘着剤で、偏光板、傾斜配向フィルムの順で貼合している。
　図６に示すように、光学素子を設置した右側では表示画像を確認することができるが、光学素子を設置していない左側では外光反射のため表示画像を確認することができない。また、図７に示すように、光学素子を設置した右側ではフロントガラスへの映り込みが存在していないが、光学素子を設置していない左側ではフロントガラスへの表示画像が映り込んでいる。 FIG. 6 is an observation diagram of external light reflection characteristics when illuminated with a surface light source as external light in the configuration of Example 1, and is reflected in an optical system assuming a display device that is mounted on a dashboard and is disposed on the dashboard. FIG. 7 shows observation views of the anti-intrusion characteristics. In the sample used in this observation view, the optical element is arranged on the right half and the optical element is not arranged on the left half of the display device. The optical element is bonded to the back surface of the glass plate 4 whose surface is AGAR-treated in the order of a polarizing plate and an inclined alignment film with an adhesive so that there is no air interface.
As shown in FIG. 6, the display image can be confirmed on the right side where the optical element is installed, but the display image cannot be confirmed on the left side where the optical element is not installed due to reflection of external light. Further, as shown in FIG. 7, there is no reflection on the windshield on the right side where the optical element is installed, but a display image on the windshield is reflected on the left side where no optical element is installed.
（比較例１～１３）
　表２に示すように、傾斜配向フィルムの面内位相差（Re）、平均チルト角、面内遅相軸の偏光板の吸収軸に対する角度を設定する以外は、実施例１と同様にして光学素子を形成し、光学特性の測定を行った。表２に、得られた結果を示す。得られた光学素子は、実用レベルで使用可能な外光反射防止性能を有していなかった。 (Comparative Examples 1 to 13)
As shown in Table 2, in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the in-plane retardation (Re), the average tilt angle, and the angle of the in-plane slow axis of the inclined alignment film with respect to the absorption axis of the polarizing plate are set. An element was formed, and optical characteristics were measured. Table 2 shows the results obtained. The obtained optical element did not have external light antireflection performance that can be used at a practical level.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000003
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000003
　以上のように、本発明の光学素子を用いると、表示装置の表示面で生じる外光反射を抑制することが可能である。特に、ダッシュボートの上に配置されるような車載用表示装置において、フロントガラスから入射する光（上方から入射する光）に対して、視認者方向への反射光を低減し、外光反射による視認性低下を抑制できる。 As described above, when the optical element of the present invention is used, it is possible to suppress external light reflection that occurs on the display surface of the display device. In particular, in an in-vehicle display device arranged on a dashboard, the reflected light toward the viewer is reduced with respect to light incident from the windshield (light incident from above), and reflected by external light. Visibility degradation can be suppressed.
　以上の通り、図面を参照しながら本発明の好適な実施形態を説明したが、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で、種々の追加、変更または削除が可能であり、そのようなものも本発明の範囲に含まれる。 As described above, the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the drawings, but various additions, modifications, or deletions can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Included in the range.

Claims (7)

  1. 　透過性の光学素子であって、視認側から偏光板、少なくとも一枚の傾斜配向位相差フィルムの順に備え、
    （ｉ）前記偏光板の吸収軸と、前記傾斜配向位相差フィルムの遅相軸が＋１５度～＋５５度および－１５度～－５５度の範囲であり、かつ
    （ｉｉ）前記傾斜配向位相差フィルムが、面内位相差１１０ｎｍ～２４０ｎｍを有するとともに、フィルム面内に対する平均チルト角γが２２度～５５度である、光学素子。     It is a transmissive optical element, comprising a polarizing plate from the viewing side, at least one inclined alignment retardation film in this order,
    (I) the absorption axis of the polarizing plate and the slow axis of the tilted alignment retardation film are in the range of +15 to +55 degrees and −15 to −55 degrees, and (ii) the tilted alignment retardation film An optical element having an in-plane retardation of 110 nm to 240 nm and an average tilt angle γ with respect to the film plane of 22 degrees to 55 degrees.
  2. 　請求項１の光学素子において、傾斜配向位相差フィルムのフィルム面内に対する平均チルト角γが２２度～５０度の範囲内にある、光学素子。 2. The optical element according to claim 1, wherein an average tilt angle γ with respect to the film plane of the tilt-oriented retardation film is in the range of 22 to 50 degrees.
  3. 　請求項１または２の光学素子において、視認側に配置される偏光板の透過軸が垂直方向に対して－１５度～＋１５度の範囲に設置されている光学素子。 3. The optical element according to claim 1, wherein the transmission axis of the polarizing plate arranged on the viewing side is set in a range of −15 degrees to +15 degrees with respect to the vertical direction.
  4. 　請求項１～３のいずれか一項の光学素子において、光学素子の視認側の表面、および／または視認側と対向する側の表面にアンチグレア処理、アンチリフレクション処理、およびローリフレクション処理の少なくとも１種の反射防止層が形成されている光学素子。 The optical element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least one of anti-glare treatment, anti-reflection treatment, and low-reflection treatment is applied to a surface on the viewing side of the optical element and / or a surface facing the viewing side. An optical element on which an antireflection layer is formed.
  5. 　請求項１～４のいずれか一項に記載された光学素子を、視認者側に偏光板が配設されるように装着している表示装置。 A display device in which the optical element according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is mounted so that a polarizing plate is disposed on a viewer side.
  6. 　請求項５の表示装置において、表示装置と光学素子の間に操作用タッチパネルを備えている表示装置。 6. The display device according to claim 5, further comprising an operation touch panel between the display device and the optical element.
  7. 　請求項５または６の表示装置において、車載用表示装置である表示装置。 The display device according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the display device is an in-vehicle display device.
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JP2007279146A (en) * 2006-04-03 2007-10-25 Sharp Corp Viewing angle control filter and display device
JP2009104008A (en) * 2007-10-25 2009-05-14 Hayashi Telempu Co Ltd Optical control element
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