WO2017107520A1 - 飞行模式CdZnTe巡检系统和巡检方法 - Google Patents

飞行模式CdZnTe巡检系统和巡检方法 Download PDF

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WO2017107520A1
WO2017107520A1 PCT/CN2016/096346 CN2016096346W WO2017107520A1 WO 2017107520 A1 WO2017107520 A1 WO 2017107520A1 CN 2016096346 W CN2016096346 W CN 2016096346W WO 2017107520 A1 WO2017107520 A1 WO 2017107520A1
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Prior art keywords
cdznte
aircraft
spectrometer
information
flight
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张岚
王为之
杜迎帅
吴宗桂
张韡
马旭明
赵崑
李军
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Nuctech Co Ltd
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Nuctech Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/36—Measuring spectral distribution of X-rays or of nuclear radiation spectrometry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/36—Measuring spectral distribution of X-rays or of nuclear radiation spectrometry
    • G01T1/366—Measuring spectral distribution of X-rays or of nuclear radiation spectrometry with semi-conductor detectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/02—Dosimeters
    • G01T1/026—Semiconductor dose-rate meters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T7/00—Details of radiation-measuring instruments
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/0202—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to aircraft
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/04—Control of altitude or depth
    • G05D1/042—Control of altitude or depth specially adapted for aircraft
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N2021/1765—Method using an image detector and processing of image signal
    • G01N2021/177—Detector of the video camera type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/02—Mechanical
    • G01N2201/021—Special mounting in general
    • G01N2201/0214—Airborne

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of radiation detection, in particular to a flight mode CdZnTe ( ⁇ Zn-cadmium) inspection system and inspection method.
  • the operator In the traditional nuclear radiation monitoring method, the operator carries the detection equipment into the radioactive contaminated area, monitors the gamma ray dose rate, and identifies the nuclides.
  • the operator When working from one location to another, the operator carries the detection equipment, which has a long operating time and low efficiency, which increases the dose of radiation received by the operator.
  • the radioactive pollution is serious, the ground is rugged, and the radioactively contaminated buildings are damaged or high, the monitoring is difficult. To protect the personal safety of the workers, the operation time is short and the work efficiency is reduced.
  • One technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is to improve the working efficiency of nuclear radiation monitoring.
  • an airplane mode CdZnTe inspection system comprising: a CdZnTe spectrometer and an aircraft, the aircraft carrying the CdZnTe spectrometer to fly to implement a flight inspection function.
  • the inspection system further includes: a workstation system; the CdZnTe spectrometer is configured to detect radiation, acquire an energy spectrum, and emit energy spectrum information, and the workstation system is configured to receive energy spectrum information emitted by the CdZnTe spectrometer, and The radiation condition is determined by analyzing the energy spectrum information, such as identifying the nuclide, determining the type and intensity of the radioactive substance, calculating the dose rate of the radiation, and the like.
  • the aircraft is configured to acquire at least one of navigation information, height information, and video image information of the inspection area of the aircraft, and send the information to a workstation system; the workstation system is configured to The navigation information and height information emitted by the aircraft and the energy spectrum information emitted by the CdZnTe spectrometer are used to draw a three-dimensional radioactive substance and a dose distribution map, and the three-dimensional radioactive substance and the dose distribution map are superimposed on the video of the inspection area.
  • a workstation system is configured to The navigation information and height information emitted by the aircraft and the energy spectrum information emitted by the CdZnTe spectrometer are used to draw a three-dimensional radioactive substance and a dose distribution map, and the three-dimensional radioactive substance and the dose distribution map are superimposed on the video of the inspection area.
  • the CdZnTe spectrometer comprises: a CdZnTe crystal, an amplifier, a digital multi-channel analyzer, a wireless transmitting receiver; the CdZnTe crystal converts the incident gamma ray into an electrical signal, and the amplifier processes the electrical signal into a signal amplitude and A pseudo-Gaussian signal having a proportional incident gamma ray energy, the digital multi-channel analyzer processing the quasi-Gaussian waveform signal into a digital signal, the wireless transmit receiver emitting the digital signal.
  • the CdZnTe crystal is nested within the ring-shaped collimator such that the crystal face facing the ground allows gamma rays to enter the CdZnTe crystal.
  • the CdZnTe spectrometer further comprises: a high voltage power supply for providing a bias voltage to the CdZnTe crystal.
  • the aircraft includes at least one of a navigation device, a range finder for measuring height information, and a video camera.
  • the navigation device comprises Beidou navigation and/or global positioning system GPS navigation.
  • the aircraft further includes: a flight controller; wherein the flight controller is configured to receive a flight instruction issued by the workstation, and control a flight state of the aircraft according to the flight instruction; or the flight controller follows a preset flight route Control the flight of the aircraft.
  • the workstation system includes: a wireless transmitting receiver, a workstation, and a display; wherein the wireless transmitting receiver is configured to receive energy spectrum information emitted by the CdZnTe spectrometer and navigation information, altitude information, and patrols sent by the aircraft Detecting at least one of video image information of the area; the workstation is configured to identify the nuclide according to the energy spectrum information, determine the type and intensity of the radioactive substance, calculate the dose rate of the radiation, and combine the navigation issued by the aircraft Information and height information to map three-dimensional radioactive materials and dose profiles, superimposing three-dimensional radioactive materials and dose profiles on video images of the inspection area; the display is used to display video images, three-dimensional radioactive materials and dose distributions in the inspection area A video image of a survey area or a superimposed area of a three-dimensional radioactive material and a dose profile.
  • a flight mode CdZnTe inspection method comprising: detecting a ray by using a CdZnTe spectrometer, collecting an energy spectrum, and emitting energy spectrum information; and using the aircraft to carry the CdZnTe spectrometer to fly Flight inspection function.
  • the aircraft is carried by the CdZnTe spectrometer to achieve flight inspection.
  • the function comprises: the workstation system receives the energy spectrum information emitted by the CdZnTe spectrometer, and determines the radiation condition by analyzing the energy spectrum information, such as identifying the nuclide, determining the type and intensity of the radioactive substance, calculating the dose rate of the radiation, and the like.
  • the aircraft carrying the CdZnTe spectrometer to fly to realize the flight inspection function comprises: the aircraft acquiring and transmitting at least one of navigation information, altitude information, and video image information of the inspection area of the aircraft;
  • the system maps the three-dimensional radioactive substance and the dose distribution map according to the navigation information and height information emitted by the aircraft and the energy spectrum information emitted by the CdZnTe spectrometer, and superimposes the three-dimensional radioactive substance and the dose distribution map on the video image of the inspection area.
  • the method further includes the aircraft performing flight control in accordance with flight instructions of the workstation system, or the aircraft performing flight control in accordance with a preset flight route.
  • the invention utilizes the CdZnTe spectrometer carried by the aircraft to realize the flight inspection function, and can improve the working efficiency of the nuclear radiation monitoring.
  • the CdZnTe detector can work at room temperature, and is small in size, light in weight, high in energy resolution, high in detection efficiency, and good in portability.
  • CdZnTe detectors have a large forbidden band width and can work at room temperature. They do not require bulky liquid nitrogen refrigeration equipment or electric refrigeration equipment, and can be made into portable detection equipment.
  • CdZnTe detection Compared with scintillator detectors, CdZnTe detection The device directly converts gamma rays or X-rays into electrical signals, does not require photomultiplier tubes or other photoelectric conversion devices, is not affected by magnetic fields and electric fields, is small in size, light in weight, and has high energy resolution, and can perform accurate nuclide Identification. Compared with the gas detector, the density is high, the gamma ray detection efficiency is high, the energy resolution is high, and there is no life limit.
  • the energy spectrum information emitted by the CdZnTe spectrometer is received by the workstation system and analyzed to identify the nuclide, determine the type and intensity of the radioactive material, and calculate the dose rate of the radiation, which can increase the life time of the aircraft.
  • the workstation system can map the three-dimensional radioactive material and the dose distribution map by combining the navigation information and the height information sent by the aircraft, and can also superimpose the three-dimensional radioactive substance and the dose distribution map on the video image emitted by the aircraft, thereby more intuitively and visually reflecting the tour. The radiation situation of the inspection area.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of an airplane mode CdZnTe inspection system (referred to as "patrol inspection system") of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of an embodiment of the CdZnTe spectrometer 10 of the present invention.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic view of the CdZnTe crystal 11 of the present invention nested within a ring-shaped collimator 17.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of an embodiment of the aircraft 20 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a workstation system 30 of the present invention.
  • the present invention has been proposed in view of the problem that the conventional nuclear radiation monitoring means has a relatively low work efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of an airplane mode CdZnTe inspection system (referred to as "patrol inspection system") of the present invention.
  • the inspection system includes a CdZnTe spectrometer 10 and an aircraft 20.
  • the CdZnTe spectrometer 10 can detect radiation, such as gamma or X-rays, acquire an energy spectrum, and emit energy spectrum information. By analyzing the energy spectrum information collected by the CdZnTe spectrometer, it is possible to accurately determine the radiation situation, such as identifying the nuclide, determining the type and intensity of the radioactive substance, and calculating the dose rate of the radiation.
  • the aircraft 20 carries the high energy resolution CdZnTe spectrometer 10 to fly, and can realize the flight inspection function, thereby improving the working efficiency of the nuclear radiation monitoring.
  • the CdZnTe detector can work at room temperature, and is small in size, light in weight, high in energy resolution, high in detection efficiency, and good in portability.
  • CdZnTe detectors have a large forbidden band width and can be operated at room temperature without the need for bulky liquid nitrogen refrigeration equipment.
  • the CdZnTe detector directly converts gamma rays or X-rays into electrical signals, does not require photomultiplier tubes or other photoelectric conversion devices, is not subject to magnetic fields and The electric field is affected, the volume is small, the weight is light, and the energy resolution is high, so that accurate nuclide identification can be performed.
  • the density is high, the gamma ray detection efficiency is high, the energy resolution is high, and there is no life limit.
  • CdZnTe spectrometer 10 has high energy resolution, small volume and light weight. When combined with the aircraft 20, the measurement accuracy is high and the battery life is long. It can fly to the scene of the nuclear accident to pat the scene of the accident and reduce the personnel entering the accident site. Radiation dose to support rescue.
  • the following describes the process of analyzing the energy spectrum information collected by the CdZnTe spectrometer to identify the nuclide, determine the type and intensity of the radioactive substance, and calculate the dose rate of the radiation.
  • Corresponding nuclides to determine the type of radioactive material Calculate the peak area of each peak in the energy spectrum, and determine the intensity of the radioactive material based on the peak energy and the peak area.
  • Ray dose rate Where i is the site address, n is the total number of sites of the energy spectrum, N i is the count rate of the i-th track, and G(E i ) is the energy spectrum dose conversion function. This function can be determined when the CdZnTe spectrometer is shipped from the factory. Based on the acquired energy spectrum and G(E) function, the dose rate of the radiation can be calculated in real time.
  • the inspection system can also include a workstation system 30.
  • the energy spectrum analysis work can be performed on the aircraft 20 or analyzed on the ground station system 30. However, in order to improve the endurance of the aircraft 20, it is preferred that the energy spectrum analysis can be performed at the workstation system 30.
  • the workstation system 30 receives and analyzes the energy spectrum information emitted by the CdZnTe spectrometer 10 to identify the nuclide, determine the type and intensity of the radioactive material, and calculate the dose rate of the radiation.
  • the inspection system of the present invention can also draw a three-dimensional radioactive substance and a dose distribution map, and further can superimpose a three-dimensional radioactive substance and a dose distribution map on the video of the inspection area.
  • the aircraft 20 can acquire navigation information, height information, video image information of the inspection area, and the like of the aircraft. According to the navigation information and height information of the aircraft 20 and the energy spectrum information collected by the CdZnTe spectrometer 10, a three-dimensional radioactive substance and a dose distribution map can be drawn. If the aircraft 20 also captures a video image of the inspection area, the three-dimensional radioactive substance and The dose profile is superimposed on the video image of the inspection area.
  • the drawing process of the above three-dimensional radioactive material and dose profile and the superimposition work with the video image may be performed on the aircraft 20 or on the workstation system 30. However, in order to improve the endurance of the aircraft 20, it is preferred that the rendering process of the three-dimensional radioactive material and dose profile and the overlaying with the video image be performed at the workstation system 30.
  • the workstation system 30 receives the navigation information and height information sent by the aircraft 20 and the video image information of the inspection area, and draws a three-dimensional radioactive substance and a dose distribution map according to the navigation information and height information sent by the aircraft 20 and the energy spectrum information emitted by the CdZnTe spectrometer 10. If there is a video image of the inspection area, the three-dimensional radioactive substance and the dose distribution map can be further superimposed on the video image of the inspection area.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of an embodiment of the CdZnTe spectrometer 10 of the present invention.
  • the CdZnTe spectrometer 10 includes a CdZnTe crystal 11, an amplifier 12, a digital multichannel analyzer 13, and a wireless transmission receiver 14.
  • the CdZnTe crystal 11 converts the incident gamma ray into an electrical signal
  • the amplifier 12 processes the electrical signal into a quasi-Gaussian signal whose signal amplitude is proportional to the incident gamma ray energy
  • the digital multichannel analyzer 13 processes the quasi-Gaussian waveform signal into a digital signal.
  • the wireless transmit receiver 14 sends a digital signal. As shown in FIG.
  • the CdZnTe spectrometer 10 further includes a high voltage power source 15 that biases the CdZnTe crystal 11 and a power source 16 that supplies power to all of the electronic components in the CdZnTe spectrometer 10.
  • the CdZnTe crystal 11 is a room temperature semiconductor material having a band gap of 1.57 eV, a density of 5.78 g/cm 3 and an average atomic number of 49.1.
  • a high voltage power source 15 that biases the CdZnTe crystal 11
  • a power source 16 that supplies power to all of the electronic components in the CdZnTe spectrometer 10.
  • the CdZnTe crystal 11 is a room temperature semiconductor material having a band gap of 1.57 eV, a density of 5.78 g/cm 3 and an average atomic number of 49.1.
  • FIG. 1 Preferably, as shown in FIG.
  • the CdZnTe crystal 11 is nested in the ring-shaped collimator 17 so that the crystal face facing the ground allows gamma rays to enter the CdZnTe crystal, preventing rays from entering the CdZnTe crystal in other directions, and The measurement results are more accurate.
  • the amplifier 12 includes a preamplifier 121 and a main amplifier 122.
  • the preamplifier 121 can employ a charge sensitive preamplifier.
  • Aircraft 20 may be, for example, a drone, a multi-axis aircraft, or other remotely piloted flight equipment.
  • the aircraft 20 includes a navigation device 21, a range finder 22 for measuring altitude information, a video capture device 23, and a flight controller 24, a wireless transmission receiver 25, a power source 26, and the like.
  • the navigation device 21 includes a Beidou navigation 211 and/or a GPS (Global Positioning System) navigation 212. Both Beidou navigation 211 and GPS navigation 212 can provide latitude and longitude and altitude information, which can provide dual-mode navigation for aircraft 2. Beidou navigation 211 can protect data from leaking when inspecting nuclear facilities and nuclear decommissioning sites.
  • the range finder 22 is laser ranging or ultrasonic ranging, and measures the height of the aircraft 20 from the ground.
  • the video capture device 23 can be a CCD or CMOS camera that captures a video image of the monitored area.
  • the flight controller 24 can receive the flight instruction issued by the workstation 30 through the wireless transmission receiver 2, and control the flight state of the aircraft 20 according to the flight instruction, for example, flight direction, flight altitude, flight distance, flight time, and time of rotation, etc., or The flight controller 24 can also control the flight of the aircraft 20 in accordance with a preset flight path. Navigation information, video images, and altitude information are transmitted via the wireless transmission receiver 25.
  • the power source 26 can provide power to all of the electronic components 21-25 in the aircraft 20.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a workstation system 30 of the present invention.
  • workstation system 30 includes a wireless transmit receiver 31, a workstation 32, and a display 33.
  • the wireless transmitting receiver 31 is configured to implement the function of receiving and transmitting signals.
  • the energy spectrum information sent by the CdZnTe spectrometer 10 and the navigation information, height information, video image information of the inspection area, and the like sent by the aircraft 20 are received.
  • an instruction to control the flight of the aircraft 20 can also be sent to the aircraft 20.
  • the workstation 32 is used for data calculation and processing, for example, identifying nuclide according to the energy spectrum information, determining the type and intensity of the radioactive substance, calculating the dose rate of the radiation, and drawing the three-dimensionality in combination with the navigation information and altitude information sent by the aircraft 20. Radioactive material and dose profile, superimposed on the three-dimensional radioactive material and dose profile in the video image of the inspection area.
  • the display 33 is used to display, for example, a video image of a patrol area, a three-dimensional radioactive substance and a dose distribution map, or a video image of a patrol area superimposed with a three-dimensional radioactive substance and a dose distribution map, and the like.
  • the invention also provides a flight mode CdZnTe inspection method, comprising: detecting a ray by using a CdZnTe spectrometer 10, collecting an energy spectrum, and emitting energy spectrum information; and using the aircraft 20 to carry a CdZnTe spectrometer 10 to fly to realize a flight inspection function.
  • the workstation system 30 can receive the energy spectrum information emitted by the CdZnTe spectrometer 10, and determine the radiation condition by analyzing the energy spectrum information, such as identifying the nuclide, determining the type and intensity of the radioactive substance, and calculating the dose rate of the radio.
  • the aircraft 20 performs flight control according to the flight instruction of the workstation system 30, or the aircraft 20 performs flight control according to a preset flight route.
  • the aircraft 20 may also issue at least one of navigation information, altitude information, and video image information of the inspection area of the aircraft; the workstation system 30 generates navigation information and altitude information from the aircraft 20 and the CdZnTe spectrometer 10
  • the energy spectrum information is used to map the three-dimensional radioactive material and the dose distribution map, and the three-dimensional radioactive material and the dose distribution map are superimposed on the video image of the inspection area.
  • a person skilled in the art may understand that all or part of the steps of implementing the above embodiments may be completed by hardware, or may be instructed by a program to execute related hardware, and the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the storage medium mentioned may be a read only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk or the like.

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Abstract

一种飞行模式CdZnTe巡检系统和巡检方法，涉及辐射探测领域。其中，巡检系统包括CdZnTe谱仪（10）和飞行器（20），飞行器（20）携带CdZnTe谱仪（10）飞行，以实现飞行巡检功能，提高核辐射监测的工作效率。CdZnTe谱仪（10）能量分辨率高、体积小、重量轻、便携性好，与飞行器（20）结合后，测量精度高、续航时间长，可以飞临核事故现场进行作业，巡检事故现场，降低人员进入事故现场接受的辐射剂量，为救援提供支持。

Description

飞行模式CdZnTe巡检系统和巡检方法 技术领域
本发明涉及辐射探测领域，特别涉及一种飞行模式CdZnTe(碲锌镉)巡检系统和巡检方法。
背景技术
在传统的核辐射监测手段中，操作人员携带探测设备进入放射性污染区，监测伽玛射线剂量率、识别核素。从一个地点到另一个地点作业时，作业人员携带探测设备，作业时间长、效率低，增加了操作人员所受辐射的剂量。当放射性污染严重、地面崎岖不平、受放射性污染的建筑物受损或高度高时，监测难度大，为保护作业人员的人身安全，每次作业时间短，降低了工作效率。
发明内容
本发明实施例所要解决的一个技术问题是：提高核辐射监测的工作效率。
根据本发明的第一个方面，提供一种飞行模式CdZnTe巡检系统，包括：CdZnTe谱仪和飞行器，所述飞行器携带所述CdZnTe谱仪飞行，以实现飞行巡检功能。
所述巡检系统还包括：工作站系统；所述CdZnTe谱仪用于探测射线，采集能谱，并发出能谱信息，所述工作站系统用于接收所述CdZnTe谱仪发出的能谱信息，并通过分析能谱信息确定辐射情况，例如识别核素、确定放射性物质的种类和强度、计算射线的剂量率等。
在一个实施例中，所述飞行器用于获取本飞行器的导航信息、高度信息、巡检区域的视频图像信息中的至少一项信息，并发送给工作站系统；所述工作站系统用于根据所述飞行器发出的导航信息和高度信息以及所述CdZnTe谱仪发出的能谱信息绘制三维放射性物质和剂量分布图，将三维放射性物质和剂量分布图叠加在巡检区域的视频图 像中。
其中，所述CdZnTe谱仪包括：CdZnTe晶体、放大器、数字多道分析器、无线发射接收器；CdZnTe晶体把入射伽玛射线转换成电信号，所述放大器将所述电信号处理成信号幅度与入射伽玛射线能量成正比的准高斯信号，所述数字多道分析器将所述准高斯波形信号处理成为数字信号，所述无线发射接收器发出所述数字信号。
优选的，所述CdZnTe晶体嵌套在环柱形准直器内，以使面向地面的晶体面允许伽玛射线进入CdZnTe晶体。
其中，所述CdZnTe谱仪还包括：为CdZnTe晶体提供偏压的高压电源。
其中，所述飞行器包括导航装置、用于测量高度信息的测距仪、视频拍摄装置中的至少一种。
其中，所述导航装置包括北斗导航和/或全球定位系统GPS导航。
所述飞行器还包括：飞行控制器；其中，所述飞行控制器用于接收工作站发出的飞行指令，并根据所述飞行指令控制飞行器的飞行状态；或者，所述飞行控制器按照预置的飞行路线控制飞行器飞行。
其中，所述工作站系统包括：无线发射接收器、工作站和显示器；其中，所述无线发射接收器用于接收所述CdZnTe谱仪发出的能谱信息和所述飞行器发出的导航信息、高度信息、巡检区域的视频图像信息中的至少一项信息；所述工作站用于根据所述能谱信息识别核素、确定放射性物质的种类和强度、计算射线的剂量率，并结合所述飞行器发出的导航信息和高度信息绘制三维放射性物质和剂量分布图，将三维放射性物质和剂量分布图叠加在巡检区域的视频图像中；所述显示器用于显示巡检区域的视频图像、三维放射性物质和剂量分布图、或者叠加有三维放射性物质和剂量分布图的巡检区域的视频图像。
根据本发明的第二个方面，提供一种飞行模式CdZnTe巡检方法，包括：利用CdZnTe谱仪探测射线，采集能谱，并发出能谱信息；利用飞行器携带所述CdZnTe谱仪飞行，以实现飞行巡检功能。
其中，利用飞行器携带所述CdZnTe谱仪飞行，以实现飞行巡检 功能包括：工作站系统接收所述CdZnTe谱仪发出的能谱信息，并通过分析能谱信息确定辐射情况，例如识别核素、确定放射性物质的种类和强度、计算射线的剂量率等。
其中，利用飞行器携带所述CdZnTe谱仪飞行，以实现飞行巡检功能包括：所述飞行器获取并发出本飞行器的导航信息、高度信息、巡检区域的视频图像信息中的至少一项信息；工作站系统根据所述飞行器发出的导航信息和高度信息以及所述CdZnTe谱仪发出的能谱信息绘制三维放射性物质和剂量分布图，将三维放射性物质和剂量分布图叠加在巡检区域的视频图像中。
所述方法还包括：所述飞行器根据工作站系统的飞行指令进行飞行控制，或者，所述飞行器按照预置的飞行路线进行飞行控制。
本发明利用飞行器携带CdZnTe谱仪实现飞行巡检功能，可以提高核辐射监测的工作效率。并且，CdZnTe探测器可以在室温下工作，其体积小、重量轻、能量分辨率高、探测效率高、便携性好。相对于HPGe探测器，CdZnTe探测器的禁带宽度大，可在室温下工作，不需要庞大的液氮制冷设备或电制冷设备，能做成便携式探测设备；相对于闪烁体探测器，CdZnTe探测器直接把伽玛射线或X射线转换为电信号，不需要光电倍增管或其他光电转换器件，不受磁场和电场影响，体积小，重量轻，而且能量分辨率高，能进行精确的核素识别。相对于气体探测器，密度大、伽玛射线探测效率高、能量分辨率高、无寿命限制。
此外，由工作站系统接收CdZnTe谱仪发出的能谱信息并进行分析，以识别核素、确定放射性物质的种类和强度、计算射线的剂量率，可以增加飞行器的续航时间。并且，工作站系统结合飞行器发出的导航信息和高度信息可以绘制三维放射性物质和剂量分布图，还可以将三维放射性物质和剂量分布图叠加在飞行器发出的视频图像中，从而更加直观和形象地反映巡检区域的辐射情况。
通过以下参照附图对本发明的示例性实施例的详细描述，本发明的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明的飞行模式CdZnTe巡检系统(简称“巡检系统”)一个实施例的结构示意图。
图2是本发明CdZnTe谱仪10的一个实施例的结构示意图。
图3是本发明CdZnTe晶体11嵌套在环柱形准直器17内的示意图。
图4是本发明飞行器20的一个实施例的结构示意图。
图5是本发明工作站系统30的一个实施例的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
针对传统核辐射监测手段工作效率比较低的问题，提出本发明。
图1是本发明的飞行模式CdZnTe巡检系统(简称“巡检系统”)一个实施例的结构示意图。
如图1所示，巡检系统包括：CdZnTe谱仪10和飞行器20。CdZnTe谱仪10可以探测射线，例如伽玛或X射线等，采集能谱，并发出能谱信息。通过分析CdZnTe谱仪采集的能谱信息，就可以精准地确定辐射情况，例如识别核素、确定放射性物质的种类和强度、计算射线的剂量率等。飞行器20携带高能量分辨率的CdZnTe谱仪10飞行，可以实现飞行巡检功能，从而提高核辐射监测的工作效率。并且，CdZnTe探测器可以在室温下工作，其体积小、重量轻、能量分辨率高、探测效率高、便携性好。相对于HPGe探测器，CdZnTe探测器的禁带宽度大，可在室温下工作，不需要庞大的液氮制冷设备 或电制冷设备，能做成便携式探测设备；相对于闪烁体探测器，CdZnTe探测器直接把伽玛射线或X射线转换为电信号，不需要光电倍增管或其他光电转换器件，不受磁场和电场影响，体积小，重量轻，而且能量分辨率高，能进行精确的核素识别。相对于气体探测器，密度大、伽玛射线探测效率高、能量分辨率高、无寿命限制。
CdZnTe谱仪10能量分辨率高、体积小、重量轻，与飞行器20结合后，测量精度高、续航时间长，可以飞临核事故现场进行作业，巡检事故现场，降低人员进入事故现场接受的辐射剂量，为救援提供支持。
下面描述对CdZnTe谱仪采集的能谱信息进行分析，以识别核素、确定放射性物质的种类和强度、计算射线的剂量率的过程。对采集的能谱进行以下处理：平滑能谱、寻找峰位、能量刻度，根据公式E＝a+bx+cx2计算能量刻度系数，其中E为能量，a、b、c为系数，x为道址，并计算峰位能量，在核素库中检索与峰位能量相对应的备选核素，计算每个备选核素出现的概率，排除干扰的备选核素，即得到峰位所对应的核素，从而确定放射性物质的种类。计算能谱中每个峰的峰面积，根据峰位能量以及峰面积即可确定放射性物质的强度。射线的剂量率
Figure PCTCN2016096346-appb-000001
其中i为道址，n为能谱的总道址数，Ni为第i道的计数率，G(Ei)为能谱剂量转换函数，该函数可以在CdZnTe谱仪出厂时已确定。根据采集到的能谱和G(E)函数，可以实时计算射线的剂量率。
如图1所示，巡检系统还可以包括工作站系统30。能谱分析工作可以在飞行器20上进行分析，也可以在地面的工作站系统30进行分析。然而，为了提高飞行器20的续航能力，优选的，可以在工作站系统30进行能谱分析。工作站系统30接收CdZnTe谱仪10发出的能谱信息并进行分析，以识别核素、确定放射性物质的种类和强度、计算射线的剂量率。
本发明的巡检系统还可以绘制三维放射性物质和剂量分布图，进一步还可以将三维放射性物质和剂量分布图叠加在巡检区域的视频 图像中，从而更加直观和形象地反映巡检区域的辐射情况。为此，飞行器20可以获取本飞行器的导航信息、高度信息、巡检区域的视频图像信息等信息。根据飞行器20的导航信息和高度信息以及CdZnTe谱仪10采集的能谱信息可以绘制三维放射性物质和剂量分布图，若飞行器20还拍摄了巡检区域的视频图像，则还可以将三维放射性物质和剂量分布图叠加在巡检区域的视频图像中。
上述三维放射性物质和剂量分布图的绘制过程以及与视频图像的叠加工作可以在飞行器20上进行，也可以在工作站系统30上进行。然而，为了提高飞行器20的续航能力，优选的，可以在工作站系统30进行三维放射性物质和剂量分布图的绘制过程以及与视频图像的叠加工作。工作站系统30接收飞行器20发出的导航信息和高度信息以及巡检区域的视频图像信息，根据飞行器20发出的导航信息和高度信息以及CdZnTe谱仪10发出的能谱信息绘制三维放射性物质和剂量分布图，若有巡检区域的视频图像，进一步可以将三维放射性物质和剂量分布图叠加在巡检区域的视频图像中。
图2是本发明CdZnTe谱仪10的一个实施例的结构示意图。
如图2所示，CdZnTe谱仪10包括：CdZnTe晶体11、放大器12、数字多道分析器13、无线发射接收器14。CdZnTe晶体11把入射伽玛射线转换成电信号，放大器12将电信号处理成信号幅度与入射伽玛射线能量成正比的准高斯信号，数字多道分析器13将准高斯波形信号处理成为数字信号，无线发射接收器14发出数字信号。如图2所示，CdZnTe谱仪10还包括为CdZnTe晶体11提供偏压的高压电源15，以及为CdZnTe谱仪10中所有电子部件提供电源的电源16。其中，CdZnTe晶体11为室温半导体材料，其禁带宽度为1.57eV，密度为5.78g/cm3，平均原子序数为49.1。优选的，如图3所示，CdZnTe晶体11嵌套在环柱形准直器17内，以使面向地面的晶体面允许伽玛射线进入CdZnTe晶体，防止其他方向的射线进入CdZnTe晶体，可以使测量结果更加准确。优选的，放大器12包括前置放大器121和主放大器122。前置放大器121可采用电荷灵敏前置放大器。
图4是本发明飞行器20的一个实施例的结构示意图。飞行器20例如可以是无人机、多轴飞行器、或者其他遥控飞行设备。
如图4所示，飞行器20包括导航装置21、用于测量高度信息的测距仪22、视频拍摄装置23，还包括飞行控制器24、无线发射接收器25、电源26等部件。其中，导航装置21包括北斗导航211和/或GPS(全球定位系统)导航212。北斗导航211和GPS导航212均能够提供经纬度和高度信息，可以为飞行器2提供双模导航，北斗导航211可以在巡检核设施、核退役厂址时保护数据不泄露。测距仪22为激光测距或超声波测距，测量飞行器20与地面的高度。视频拍摄装置23可以是CCD或CMOS摄像头，获取监测区域的视频图像。飞行控制器24可以通过无线发射接收器2接收工作站30发出的飞行指令，并根据飞行指令控制飞行器20的飞行状态，例如，飞行方向、飞行高度、飞行距离、飞行时间和旋停时间等，或者，飞行控制器24也可以按照预先设置的飞行路线控制飞行器20飞行。导航信息、视频图像、高度信息经无线发射接收器25发出。电源26可以为飞行器20中所有电子部件21～25提供电源。
图5是本发明工作站系统30的一个实施例的结构示意图。
如图5所示，工作站系统30包括：无线发射接收器31、工作站32和显示器33。其中，无线发射接收器31用来实现信号的接收和发送功能，一方面，接收CdZnTe谱仪10发出的能谱信息和飞行器20发出的导航信息、高度信息、巡检区域的视频图像信息等信息，另一方面，还可以向飞行器20发送控制飞行器20飞行的指令。工作站32用来做数据计算和处理等方面的工作，例如根据能谱信息识别核素、确定放射性物质的种类和强度、计算射线的剂量率，并结合飞行器20发出的导航信息和高度信息绘制三维放射性物质和剂量分布图，将三维放射性物质和剂量分布图叠加在巡检区域的视频图像中等。显示器33用来显示，例如显示巡检区域的视频图像、三维放射性物质和剂量分布图、或者叠加有三维放射性物质和剂量分布图的巡检区域的视频图像等。
本发明还提出一种飞行模式CdZnTe巡检方法，包括：利用CdZnTe谱仪10探测射线，采集能谱，并发出能谱信息；利用飞行器20携带CdZnTe谱仪10飞行，以实现飞行巡检功能。
其中，工作站系统30可以接收CdZnTe谱仪10发出的能谱信息，并通过分析能谱信息确定辐射情况，例如识别核素、确定放射性物质的种类和强度、计算射线的剂量率。
其中，飞行器20根据工作站系统30的飞行指令进行飞行控制，或者，飞行器20按照预置的飞行路线进行飞行控制。
此外，飞行器20还可以发出本飞行器的导航信息、高度信息、巡检区域的视频图像信息中的至少一项信息；工作站系统30根据飞行器20发出的导航信息和高度信息以及CdZnTe谱仪10发出的能谱信息绘制三维放射性物质和剂量分布图，将三维放射性物质和剂量分布图叠加在巡检区域的视频图像中。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过硬件来完成，也可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成，所述的程序可以存储于一种计算机可读存储介质中，上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器，磁盘或光盘等。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种飞行模式CdZnTe巡检系统，其特征在于，包括：CdZnTe谱仪和飞行器，所述飞行器携带所述CdZnTe谱仪飞行，以实现飞行巡检功能。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括：工作站系统；
    所述CdZnTe谱仪用于探测射线，采集能谱，并发出能谱信息，所述工作站系统用于接收所述CdZnTe谱仪发出的能谱信息，并通过分析能谱信息确定辐射情况。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的系统，其特征在于，其中，
    所述飞行器用于获取本飞行器的导航信息、高度信息、巡检区域的视频图像信息中的至少一项信息，并发送给工作站系统；
    所述工作站系统用于根据所述飞行器发出的导航信息和高度信息以及所述CdZnTe谱仪发出的能谱信息绘制三维放射性物质和剂量分布图，将三维放射性物质和剂量分布图叠加在巡检区域的视频图像中。
  4. 如权利要求1-3任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，其中，所述CdZnTe谱仪包括：CdZnTe晶体、放大器、数字多道分析器、无线发射接收器；
    其中，CdZnTe晶体把入射伽玛射线转换成电信号，所述放大器将所述电信号处理成信号幅度与入射伽玛射线能量成正比的准高斯信号，所述数字多道分析器将所述准高斯波形信号处理成为数字信号，所述无线发射接收器发出所述数字信号。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的系统，其特征在于，所述CdZnTe晶体嵌套在环柱形准直器内，以使面向地面的晶体面允许伽玛射线进入CdZnTe晶体。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的系统，其特征在于，其中，所述CdZnTe谱仪还包括：为CdZnTe晶体提供偏压的高压电源。
  7. 如权利要求1-3任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，其中，所述飞行器包括导航装置、用于测量高度信息的测距仪、视频拍摄装置中 的至少一种。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的系统，其特征在于，其中，所述导航装置包括北斗导航和/或全球定位系统GPS导航。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的系统，其特征在于，所述飞行器还包括：飞行控制器；其中，所述飞行控制器用于接收工作站发出的飞行指令，并根据所述飞行指令控制飞行器的飞行状态；或者，所述飞行控制器按照预置的飞行路线控制飞行器飞行。
  10. 如权利要求3所述的系统，其特征在于，其中，所述工作站系统包括：无线发射接收器、工作站和显示器；其中，所述无线发射接收器用于接收所述CdZnTe谱仪发出的能谱信息和所述飞行器发出的导航信息、高度信息、巡检区域的视频图像信息中的至少一项信息；所述工作站用于根据所述能谱信息识别核素、确定放射性物质的种类和强度、计算射线的剂量率，并结合所述飞行器发出的导航信息和高度信息绘制三维放射性物质和剂量分布图，将三维放射性物质和剂量分布图叠加在巡检区域的视频图像中；所述显示器用于显示巡检区域的视频图像、三维放射性物质和剂量分布图、或者叠加有三维放射性物质和剂量分布图的巡检区域的视频图像。
  11. 一种飞行模式CdZnTe巡检方法，其特征在于，包括：
    利用CdZnTe谱仪探测射线，采集能谱，并发出能谱信息；
    利用飞行器携带所述CdZnTe谱仪飞行，以实现飞行巡检功能。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述利用飞行器携带所述CdZnTe谱仪飞行，以实现飞行巡检功能包括：
    工作站系统接收所述CdZnTe谱仪发出的能谱信息，并通过分析能谱信息确定辐射情况。
  13. 如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述利用飞行器携带所述CdZnTe谱仪飞行，以实现飞行巡检功能包括：
    所述飞行器获取并发出本飞行器的导航信息、高度信息、巡检区域的视频图像信息中的至少一项信息；
    工作站系统根据所述飞行器发出的导航信息和高度信息以及所述 CdZnTe谱仪发出的能谱信息绘制三维放射性物质和剂量分布图，将三维放射性物质和剂量分布图叠加在巡检区域的视频图像中。
  14. 如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    所述飞行器根据工作站系统的飞行指令进行飞行控制，或者，所述飞行器按照预置的飞行路线进行飞行控制。
PCT/CN2016/096346 2015-12-24 2016-08-23 飞行模式CdZnTe巡检系统和巡检方法 Ceased WO2017107520A1 (zh)

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