WO2017105256A1 - Récepteur de puissance inductive - Google Patents

Récepteur de puissance inductive Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017105256A1
WO2017105256A1 PCT/NZ2016/050201 NZ2016050201W WO2017105256A1 WO 2017105256 A1 WO2017105256 A1 WO 2017105256A1 NZ 2016050201 W NZ2016050201 W NZ 2016050201W WO 2017105256 A1 WO2017105256 A1 WO 2017105256A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
current
inductive power
power receiver
control devices
receiver
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NZ2016/050201
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Saining Ren
James Duncan Deans GAWITH
Original Assignee
Powerbyproxi Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Powerbyproxi Limited filed Critical Powerbyproxi Limited
Publication of WO2017105256A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017105256A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
    • H02J50/402—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to a converter, particularly though not solely, to a converter for an inductive power receiver.
  • a converter converts a supply of a first type to an output of a second type.
  • Such conversion can include DC-DC, AC-AC and DC-AC electrical conversions.
  • a converter may have any number of DC and AC 'parts', for example a DC-DC converter might incorporate an AC-AC converter stage in the form of a transformer.
  • IPT inductive power transfer
  • IPT systems will typically include an inductive power transmitter and an inductive power receiver.
  • the inductive power transmitter includes a transmitting coil or coils, which are driven by a suitable transmitting circuit to generate an alternating magnetic field.
  • the alternating magnetic field will induce a current in a receiving coil or coils of the inductive power receiver.
  • the present invention may provide an improved inductive power receiver or which provides the public with a useful choice.
  • an inductive power receiver comprising: an LCL pickup; a power rectifier and regulator including a plurality of control devices configured to connect to the pickup; and a current transformer configured to provide a current signal representative of the incoming current from the pickup to the rectifier and regulator, the current signal having a predetermined phase advance with respect to the incoming current, wherein drive signals for the control devices are determined based on the current signal.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of an inductive power transfer system
  • Figure 2 is a block diagram of an example receiver
  • Figure 3 is a circuit diagram of an example receiver
  • Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of an example current transformer
  • Figure 5 is a graph of the currents associated with the current transformer
  • Figures 6 and 7 are graphs of the voltage signal from the current transformer
  • Figure 8 is a circuit diagram of an example PID circuit
  • Figure 9 is a graph of the ramp signals
  • Figure 10 is a circuit diagram of an example ramp generator
  • Figure 11 is a graph of the error signals
  • Figure 12 is a graph of the drive signals
  • Figure 13 is a graph of the output voltage being regulated simultaneously with ZCS with a variable transmitter IPT frequency.
  • IPT inductive power transfer
  • the transmitter and/or the receiver may be resonant or non-resonant.
  • Resonant power transfer has the advantage that the range of power transfer can be increased, compared to non resonant transfer.
  • Resonant topologies may include series resonant circuits or parallel resonant circuits.
  • Another topology is LCL.
  • a series resonant circuit can be modelled as a voltage source and a parallel resonant circuit can be modelled as a current source.
  • Each option has pros and cons.
  • LCL on the other hand has the desirable input/output characteristics of a parallel tuned topology without the downsides. This is useful as it means that when the receiver is not present, the transmitter does not have to switch high current through the bridge.
  • LCL circuits may allow power transfer at unity power factor compared to a parallel resonant circuit which usually has a significant reactive power requirement.
  • an LCL topology may be implemented by an LCL based power transmitting coil and an LCL based power receiving coil.
  • IPT in particular to a rotating IPT coupling for industrial applications, it may be desirable to operate the transmitter and receiver in a tuned manner. This may reduce the reactive current flowing in the circuit, operating at close to unity power factor, which may increase efficiency, and allow for lower component rating. It may also enable zero voltage switching in relation to the inverter and/or rectifier, which may further increase efficiency and/or reduce component stress. In order to maintain close to unity power factor and/or minimise reactive current flow, it may be necessary to make adjustments to keep the two LCL circuits tuned, despite changes in the circuit.
  • a change is a change in coupling.
  • Retuning can be done in a numbers of ways; the particular methodology can be chosen according to the requirements of the application.
  • One example for retuning is to modify the IPT frequency of the transmitter to the new "resonant" frequency.
  • the IPT system 1 includes an inductive power transmitter 2 and an inductive power receiver 3.
  • the inductive power transmitter 2 is connected to an appropriate power supply 4 (such as mains power or a battery).
  • the inductive power transmitter 2 may include transmitter circuitry having one or more of a converter 5, e.g., an AC-DC converter (depending on the type of power supply used) and an inverter 6, e.g., connected to the converter 5 (if present).
  • the inverter 6 supplies a transmitting coil or coils 7 with an AC signal so that the transmitting coil or coils 7 generate an alternating magnetic field.
  • the transmitting coil(s) 7 may also be considered to be separate from the inverter 5.
  • the transmitting coil or coils 7 may be connected to capacitors (not shown) either in parallel or series to create a resonant circuit. Additional coils may be provided, for example in an LCL configuration.
  • a controller 8 may be connected to each part of the inductive power transmitter 2.
  • the controller 8 may be adapted to receive inputs from each part of the inductive power transmitter 2 and produce outputs that control the operation of each part.
  • the controller 8 may be implemented as a single unit or separate units, configured to control various aspects of the inductive power transmitter 2 depending on its capabilities, including for example: power flow, tuning, selectively energising transmitting coils, inductive power receiver detection and/or communications.
  • the inductive power receiver 3 includes a power pick up stage 9 connected to power conditioning circuitry 10 that in turn supplies power to a load 11.
  • the power pick up stage 9 includes inductive power receiving coil or coils. When the coils of the inductive power transmitter 2 and the inductive power receiver 3 are suitably coupled, the alternating magnetic field generated by the transmitting coil or coils 7 induces an alternating current in the receiving coil or coils.
  • the receiving coil or coils may be connected to capacitors (not shown) either in parallel or series to create a resonant circuit. Additional coils may be provided, for example in an LCL configuration.
  • the receiver may include a controller 12 which may control tuning of the receiving coil or coils, operation of the power conditioning circuitry 10 and/or communications.
  • coil may include an electrically conductive structure where an electrical current generates a magnetic field.
  • inductive “coils” may be electrically conductive wire in three dimensional shapes or two dimensional planar shapes, electrically conductive material fabricated using printed circuit board (PCB) techniques into three dimensional shapes over plural PCB 'layers', and other coil-like shapes. Other configurations may be used depending on the application.
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • Figure 2 shows a receiver 3 according to an example embodiment, with the power rectifier 202 combined with the power regulation circuit 204 as an integrated converter to provide regulation using a synchronous rectifier. This may reduce the component count which may allow for a smaller footprint, reduce the cost of the device, improve efficiency and/or reduce heat generation.
  • An example receiver 300 circuit is shown in Figure 3.
  • the LCL resonant pickup is formed from LI, C2 and L2.
  • a synchronous rectifier is formed by Ml, M2, M2 and M4, which additionally provides regulation.
  • the control strategy and switching algorithm are based on measuring the input current into the rectifier for ZCS and measuring the output voltage to regulate it to 24V or another desired voltage.
  • the control methodology is explained in more detail below, in relation to a) the current transformer which is used to measure the current and detect zero crossings, b) the PID controller which provides a control signal relative to the load voltage, and c) combining the signals to generate drive signals for the synchronous rectifier.
  • the control methodology may be implemented in discrete circuitry, completely in software inside a processor, or a combination of both.
  • the transmitter frequency may change dynamically, (according to coupling etc) it may be necessary to implement the switching control mentioned above on a cycle by cycle basis. It may also be desirable to have cycle by cycle control for responding to fast load changes (which may happen faster than frequency change). This means that each cycle with each zero crossing in the incoming current ( ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4), one of the MOSFETs is switched on, then a small time later (dead time eg: 20-50ns) and the opposite MOSFET is switched on. This dead time avoids shorting the output.
  • phase of lf3 ⁇ 4 it may be desirable to advance the phase of lf3 ⁇ 4, to account for circuit delay. Practically this means that if the circuit delay between when the zero crossing is detected and when the MOSFETs is switch is 300ns, rather than switching 300ns after the zero-crossing, the phase of li can be advanced by 300ns so that the MOSFET switches exactly on the zero crossing on the current. Switching directly on the zero crossing of the current may provide better performance as it allows for better control of low loads, slightly higher maximum power transfer and reduced switching loss in the synchronous rectifier. It may also mean cheaper components with more delay can be utilised.
  • FIG 4 shows an example of a current transformer (CT) circuit 400 which may be used to achieve the desired phase advance.
  • the LCL pickup is represented by a current source for simulation purposes.
  • the CT primary 402 is connected in parallel with an alternative current path 404, which has a lower impedance magnitude Z but a higher impedance angle ⁇ than the CT primary current path 402. Compared with the impedance of the primary coil, this will produce a leading current 502 of much lower magnitude in the primary, compared to the main incoming current 504 as shown in Figure 5.
  • the current 506 through the alternative current path 404 is delayed and slightly lower in magnitude.
  • the desired impedance of the alternative current path 404 may be provided by a short section of PCB track, effectively shorting the CT primary or other circuit components depending on the requirements of the application.
  • the desired phase advance can then be fine tuned by adjusting capacitors (P_Delay_Cap and N_Delay_Cap).
  • capacitors P_Delay_Cap and N_Delay_Cap. This gives a mechanism to account for different circuit delays and switch exactly on the zero crossing of a waveform. For example as shown in Figure 6 a 5nF Capacitor gives too great a delay so the input voltage 602 to the comparator is delayed compared to the current 504, and in Figure 7 with a 2nF Capacitor the incoming voltage 602 is advanced compared to the current 504.
  • Figure 8 shows an example PID circuit for providing a control signal based on the output voltage.
  • the output voltage is passed through a circuit which provides a control signal that decreases when the output voltage decreases.
  • the input filter 802 and OpAmp 804 form a hardware PID control so the speed, precision, damping etc of the response to a change in output voltage can be adjusted according to the requirements of the application.
  • the advanced voltage 900 from the CT secondary is then converted to two complementary square wave 902 voltages (Comp_P Comp_N) to detect the zero crossing by comparing the voltage at either end of the CT secondary as shown in Figure 9.
  • Two ramp 904 signals are started by the failing edges in Comp_P Comp_N respectively and stopped with the rising edges.
  • the ramp generator circuits 1002 are shown in Figure 10.
  • the gradient of the ramp is chosen for an approximate expected transmitter IPT frequency range.
  • the IPT frequency may normally be llOKHz to 215kHZ for charging of consumer electronics, but other frequencies may be used depending on the application.
  • the ramps 904 are then compared to the PID control signal 1102 to provide an error signal 1104 as shown in Figure 11.
  • the two error signals V er rorp Vei N are combined with the Comp_P Comp_N respectively to provide the drive signal 1202 for each of the lower FETs as shown in Figure 12.
  • As a lower PID control signal will result in a higher duty cycle in the error signal, this corresponds to a higher regulation effort i.e. the receiver input is shorted for a higher portion of the cycle.
  • the net result is show in Figure 13, with the error signal 1104 duty cycle increasing as the output voltage 1302 increases and stabilises at the desired level, while simultaneously achieving ZCS with a variable transmitter IPT frequency.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un récepteur de puissance inductive comprenant un dispositif de prélèvement LCL ; un régulateur-redresseur de puissance comprenant une pluralité de dispositifs de commande conçus pour se connecter au dispositif de prélèvement ; et un transformateur de courant conçu pour fournir un signal de courant représentatif du courant d'entrée du dispositif de prélèvement au redresseur-régulateur, le signal de courant ayant une avance de phase prédéfinie par rapport au courant d'entrée, des signaux d'entraînement pour les dispositifs de commande étant déterminés en fonction du signal de courant.
PCT/NZ2016/050201 2015-12-18 2016-12-16 Récepteur de puissance inductive WO2017105256A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201562269692P 2015-12-18 2015-12-18
US62/269,692 2015-12-18

Publications (1)

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WO2017105256A1 true WO2017105256A1 (fr) 2017-06-22

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020114077A1 (fr) * 2018-12-06 2020-06-11 华为技术有限公司 Extrémité de réception et extrémité de transmission pour système de charge sans fil, procédé, terminal électrique et système de charge sans fil
EP3836347A1 (fr) * 2019-12-13 2021-06-16 Wiferion GmbH Transmission de puissance sans fil comportant une sortie modulaire

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070120421A1 (en) * 2003-05-26 2007-05-31 Auckland Uniservices Limited Parallel-tuned pick-up system with multiple voltage outputs
US20140015328A1 (en) * 2012-07-16 2014-01-16 Qualcomm, Incorporated Device alignment and identification in inductive power transfer systems
US20150295418A1 (en) * 2012-10-29 2015-10-15 Powerbyproxi Limited Receiver for an inductive power transfer system and a method for controlling the receiver

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070120421A1 (en) * 2003-05-26 2007-05-31 Auckland Uniservices Limited Parallel-tuned pick-up system with multiple voltage outputs
US20140015328A1 (en) * 2012-07-16 2014-01-16 Qualcomm, Incorporated Device alignment and identification in inductive power transfer systems
US20150295418A1 (en) * 2012-10-29 2015-10-15 Powerbyproxi Limited Receiver for an inductive power transfer system and a method for controlling the receiver

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020114077A1 (fr) * 2018-12-06 2020-06-11 华为技术有限公司 Extrémité de réception et extrémité de transmission pour système de charge sans fil, procédé, terminal électrique et système de charge sans fil
US11901760B2 (en) 2018-12-06 2024-02-13 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Receive end and transmit end of wireless charging system, method, electrical terminal, and system
EP3836347A1 (fr) * 2019-12-13 2021-06-16 Wiferion GmbH Transmission de puissance sans fil comportant une sortie modulaire

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