WO2017105194A1 - Device for roasting crushed biomass via a double-phase parabolic cylindrical collector, and controlled by measuring the colour spectrum and moisture - Google Patents

Device for roasting crushed biomass via a double-phase parabolic cylindrical collector, and controlled by measuring the colour spectrum and moisture Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017105194A1
WO2017105194A1 PCT/MX2015/000202 MX2015000202W WO2017105194A1 WO 2017105194 A1 WO2017105194 A1 WO 2017105194A1 MX 2015000202 W MX2015000202 W MX 2015000202W WO 2017105194 A1 WO2017105194 A1 WO 2017105194A1
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Prior art keywords
reactor
roasting
biomass
gases
thyme
Prior art date
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PCT/MX2015/000202
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Felipe CARO RAMOS
Roberto Arturo DEL RINCON LOPEZ
Jaime OLEA MIRANDA
Jorge Luis TADEI BRINGAS
Ivan Roberto KAWAMINAMI GARCIA
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Caro Ramos Felipe
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Application filed by Caro Ramos Felipe filed Critical Caro Ramos Felipe
Priority to PCT/MX2015/000202 priority Critical patent/WO2017105194A1/en
Publication of WO2017105194A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017105194A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/74—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/42—Absorption spectrometry; Double beam spectrometry; Flicker spectrometry; Reflection spectrometry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/46—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

Definitions

  • the invention falls within the field of solid biofuel production and biomass roasting, particularly the production of a solid fuel with the use of a solar energy concentrator as the primary energy source.
  • roasting technologies as a solid biomass pre-treatment technology.
  • This interest has been mainly driven by the characteristics of roasted and densified biomass including better transport characteristics and properties related to coal such as calorific value, milling, higher energy density and hydrophobicity.
  • the various applications that are being considered for roasted and densified biomass the most likely include co-combustion with pulverized coal in coal-fired power plants and cement kilns, coke and the steel industry (for carbonized biomass) , from small to medium scale dedicated to biomass and pellet burners, and gasification in flow gasifiers with trawl that normally operate with pulverized coal.
  • the biomass In the roasting process, the biomass is heated at a temperature of approximately 250-300 ° C to an atmosphere with low oxygen concentrations, so that all moisture is removed, as well as a fraction of the volatile matter of the biomass dry Ideally, the energy contained in the Released volatile equals the heat demand required in the process, so that a higher thermal efficiency approx. 95% is achieved. Due to the substantial weight loss and a relatively small loss of calorific content, the heating value of the processed biomass per unit mass increases significantly in the process.
  • the fibrous, tough and hydrophilic properties of the biomass can be altered so that the final product is fragile (therefore it is easy to grind) and hydrophobic.
  • These behavioral changes can have significant advantages in the distribution chain, since logistics can be made simpler, more profitable and compatible with coal.
  • Patent No. US6065223A "DEVICE UTILIZING SOLAR ENERGY, ESPECIALLY FOR DRYING AND ROASTING OF AGRICULTURAL-, AS WELL AS FOOD PROCESSING PRODUCTS, FINALIZING DISTILLATION AND EVAPORATION, SEPARATING OF COMPLICATES COMPOUNDS", is the closest to what you want to do with exception of some technical factors, such as process control, discharges, since it is a system that uses a parabolic cylindrical solar collector which is used for drying and roasting.
  • Patents No. US 20110023868 A1 "SOLAR OVEN” and Patent No. US 4262660 A “SOLAR COOKER”, have the same principle of using parabolic cylindrical solar collectors to heat focused on cooking food or drying food and do not have control means suitable.
  • Patents No. US 7068048 B2 "MICROWAVE SENSOR FOR MEASURING A DIELECTRIC PROPERTY OF A PRODUCT"
  • No. EP0889321A1 MOISTURE AND DENSITY SENSOR
  • No. US5826458A MOISTURE DETECTION METER
  • Patent No. US20120117815A1 "DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE CONVERSION OF BIOMASS TO BIOFUEL” describes an apparatus and method for controlling the conversion of carbonaceous materials, particularly biomass and biomass resources, into a high performance solid fuel, provides process that has a control system that allows the system to produce a fuel of uniform quality.
  • Patent No. US20120085023A1 "BIOMASS TORREFACTION SYSTEM AND METHOD” shows us a system with a method that recirculates the roasting gases by heating them and by passing them through the reactor as a heating medium.
  • a new equipment for the roasting process is presented with a parabolic cylindrical solar collector as a means to heat the biomass, in addition to having a gas recirculation system as another heating means in order to make this equipment more efficient, also with an adaptive control system to control the process variables.
  • a parabolic cylindrical solar collector as a means to heat the biomass
  • a gas recirculation system as another heating means in order to make this equipment more efficient
  • an adaptive control system to control the process variables.
  • Figure 1 Shows a side image of a roasting equipment with a feed hopper (1); an endless screw for feeding the raw material (2); a roasting reactor (3) mounted on the focal axis of a parabolic cylindrical solar collector; a parabolic cylindrical solar collector as the main source for heat generation (4); a hollow conveyor thyme to move the raw material in the process (5); a low frequency microwave sensor to measure humidity to control the process (6); a primary outlet for water vapor from the drying section (7); an outlet for the roasted material (8); an infrared camera for color detection of the raw material in the process (9); an outlet for the volatile organic components of the roasting section (10) that is connected to a thermal oxidizer; a blower to move the gases from the outlet of the roaster to the oxidizer (11); a thermal oxidizer (12) for the destruction of the VOCs with a fuel sub-minister for the oxidizer flame (13); an outlet for the gases that leave the oxidizer and are used as a secondary source of heat in the
  • FIG. 2 Shows a cross-sectional image of the roasting reactor (3) which has: the roasting reactor (3); a hollow conveyor screw to move the raw material in the process (5); a vacuum glass cylinder that surrounds the roaster and keeps the heat inside (17) and a parabolic cylindrical solar collector as the main source for heat generation (4).
  • the present invention is related to the roasting process used in this treatment of agricultural by-product biomass for the manufacture of a solid biofuel.
  • the following invention comprises a roasting process that will take advantage of the energy captured in a parabolic cylindrical solar collector with a roasting gas feedback system for heat efficiency management, this system will be controlled by an adaptive system whose input variables will be 1) temperature ; 2) moisture content; and 3) color to control the variables of residence time and speed of the conveyor screw.
  • the reactor is distinguished by containing a biomass feed system (1) (2), a hollow conveyor thyme (3) that will function as a partial biomass pyrolysis reactor, with two outputs for roasting gases (7) (10) .
  • roasting will be carried out the phase of dehydration of the biomass, in which the gases produced will be expelled from the process by a discharge into the atmosphere (7); while in the second part the roasting phase will be carried out (10).
  • This reactor will be heated with a parabolic cylindrical solar collector (4), which will have a solar tracking system.
  • the moisture content is measured inside the reactor by means of a low intensity microwave sensor (6), with which the moisture content will be measured.
  • the color of biomass during the roasting stage of the reactor is another parameter that is taken into account in this invention and will be measured by an infrared camera (9);
  • This parameter in addition to the humidity monitored in the first part of the process, will determine the speed of the conveyor screw by rotating it faster or slower depending on the humidity and the color of the biomass in the respective process phases.
  • This system will also receive the input signals of the temperatures of the material in process and of the heating gases inside the hollow drive screw, measured by temperature sensors (16).
  • the process will consist of a gas recirculation system that will have a thermal oxidizer (12) for the disintegration of the VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) gases produced in the roasting phase, these superheated gases will be passed inside the conveyor thyme (5) since this will be hollow and these gases will function as a heating medium to obtain greater efficiency in the roaster being released into the atmosphere once they have been used (14).
  • a thermal oxidizer (12) for the disintegration of the VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) gases produced in the roasting phase

Abstract

The invention relates to the design of a roasting reactor with a heating system provided by a parabolic cylindrical solar collector and the recirculation of treated gases based on agricultural waste, such as that of corn and wheat. The method comprises the roasting of biomass, which is made to travel through a screw-type reactor that is heated via a parabolic cylindrical solar collector and the recirculation of roasting gases that have already been treated in a thermal oxidiser. Same are controlled by an adaptive control system which measures temperature, moisture content and the colour spectrum of the roasted material in situ, in order to thereby control variables such as the speed of the transporting screw and the residence time of the biomass in the reactor.

Description

DISPOSITIVO PARA TORREFACCIÓN DE BIOMASA TRITURADA POR MEDIO DE UN COLECTOR CILINDRICO PARABÓLICO DE DOBLE FASE, Y CONTROLADO POR MEDICIÓN DE ESPECTRO DE COLOR Y HUMEDAD.  DEVICE FOR TORREFACTION OF BIOMASS CRUSHED THROUGH A PARABOLIC CYLINDER COLLECTOR OF DOUBLE PHASE, AND CONTROLLED BY MEASUREMENT OF COLOR AND MOISTURE SPECTRUM
CAMPO TÉCNICO TECHNICAL FIELD
La invención se encuadra en el campo de la producción biocombustible sólido y la torrefacción de biomasa, particularmente la que producción de un combustible sólido con la utilización concentrador de energía solar como fuente energética primaria. The invention falls within the field of solid biofuel production and biomass roasting, particularly the production of a solid fuel with the use of a solar energy concentrator as the primary energy source.
ANTECEDENTES BACKGROUND
Los últimos 5 años se ha visto un aumento significativo de interés en las tecnologías de torrefacción como una tecnología de pre-tratamiento de la biomasa sólida. Este interés ha sido principalmente impulsado por las características de la biomasa torrefactada y densificada incluyendo mejores características de transporte y propiedades afines al carbón como valor calorífico, molienda, mayor densidad de energía y la hidrofobicidad. Entre las diversas aplicaciones que se están considerando para la biomasa torrefactada y densificada, los más probables incluyen la co-combustión con carbón pulverizado en plantas eléctricas con quema de carbón y hornos de cemento, coque y la industria del acero (para la biomasa carbonizada), de pequeño a mediana escala dedicado a la biomasa y quemadores de pellets, y la gasificación en gasificadores de flujo con arrastre que normalmente operan con carbón pulverizado. The last 5 years have seen a significant increase in interest in roasting technologies as a solid biomass pre-treatment technology. This interest has been mainly driven by the characteristics of roasted and densified biomass including better transport characteristics and properties related to coal such as calorific value, milling, higher energy density and hydrophobicity. Among the various applications that are being considered for roasted and densified biomass, the most likely include co-combustion with pulverized coal in coal-fired power plants and cement kilns, coke and the steel industry (for carbonized biomass) , from small to medium scale dedicated to biomass and pellet burners, and gasification in flow gasifiers with trawl that normally operate with pulverized coal.
En el proceso de torrefacción, la biomasa se calienta a una temperatura de aproximada de 250-300 °C a una atmósfera con bajas concentraciones de oxigeno, de modo que toda la humedad se elimina, así como una fracción de la materia volátil de la biomasa seca. Lo ideal sería que la energía contenida en los volátiles liberados sea igual a la demanda de calor requerido en el proceso, de modo que una eficiencia térmica superior aprox. 95% se logre. Debido a la pérdida de peso sustancial y una pérdida relativamente pequeña de contenido calorífico, el valor de calentamiento de la biomasa procesada por unidad de masa aumenta significativamente en el proceso. In the roasting process, the biomass is heated at a temperature of approximately 250-300 ° C to an atmosphere with low oxygen concentrations, so that all moisture is removed, as well as a fraction of the volatile matter of the biomass dry Ideally, the energy contained in the Released volatile equals the heat demand required in the process, so that a higher thermal efficiency approx. 95% is achieved. Due to the substantial weight loss and a relatively small loss of calorific content, the heating value of the processed biomass per unit mass increases significantly in the process.
A través del proceso de torrefacción y dependiendo de su severidad, las propiedades fibrosas, tenaces e hidrofílicas de la biomasa pueden ser alterados de manera que el producto final es frágil (por lo tanto es fácil de moler) e hidrófobo. Estos cambios de comportamiento pueden tener ventajas significativas en la cadena de distribución, ya que la logística se puede hacer más simple, más rentable y compatible con el carbón.  Through the roasting process and depending on its severity, the fibrous, tough and hydrophilic properties of the biomass can be altered so that the final product is fragile (therefore it is easy to grind) and hydrophobic. These behavioral changes can have significant advantages in the distribution chain, since logistics can be made simpler, more profitable and compatible with coal.
La Patente No. US6065223A "DEVICE UTILIZING SOLAR ENERGY, ESPECIALLY FOR DRYING AND ROASTING OF AGRICULTURAL-, AS WELL AS FOOD PROCESSING PRODUCTS, FINALIZING DISTILLATION AND EVAPORATION, SEPARATING OF COMPLICATES COMPOUNDS", es la más cercana a lo que se desea realizar con excepción de algunos factores técnicos, como control del proceso, descargas, ya que es un sistema que usa un colector solar cilindrico parabólico el cual se usa para secar y tostar.  Patent No. US6065223A "DEVICE UTILIZING SOLAR ENERGY, ESPECIALLY FOR DRYING AND ROASTING OF AGRICULTURAL-, AS WELL AS FOOD PROCESSING PRODUCTS, FINALIZING DISTILLATION AND EVAPORATION, SEPARATING OF COMPLICATES COMPOUNDS", is the closest to what you want to do with exception of some technical factors, such as process control, discharges, since it is a system that uses a parabolic cylindrical solar collector which is used for drying and roasting.
Las siguientes dos invenciones No. WO 2012158113 A1 "METHOD FOR TORREFACTION WITH HYPERSPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF THE TORREFIED MATERIAL DURING OR AFTER TORREFACTION" y No. WO2014060439A1 "METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING A TORREFACTION SYSTEM FOR BIOMASS", son parecidas al sistema de control que se pretende patentar pero con diferencias en el proceso y equipos, pero parecidas en algunos parámetros de medición. The following two inventions No. WO 2012158113 A1 "METHOD FOR TORREFACTION WITH HYPERSPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF THE TORREFIED MATERIAL DURING OR AFTER TORREFACTION" and No. WO2014060439A1 "METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING A TORREFACTION SYSTEM FOR BIOMASS", are similar to the control system It aims to patent but with differences in the process and equipment, but similar in some measurement parameters.
Las Patentes No. US 20110023868 A1 "SOLAR OVEN" y la Patente No. US 4262660 A "SOLAR COOKER", tienen el mismo principio de utilizar colectores solares cilindricos parabólicos para calentar enfocados a cocinar comida o secar alimentos y no cuentan con medio de control adecuado.  Patents No. US 20110023868 A1 "SOLAR OVEN" and Patent No. US 4262660 A "SOLAR COOKER", have the same principle of using parabolic cylindrical solar collectors to heat focused on cooking food or drying food and do not have control means suitable.
Las patentes No. US 7068048 B2 "MICROWAVE SENSOR FOR MEASURING A DIELECTRIC PROPERTY OF A PRODUCT", la No. EP0889321A1 "MOISTURE AND DENSITY SENSOR" y la No, US5826458A "MOISTURE DETECTION METER" nos hablan de equipos de medición de humedad, densidad, entre otros parámetros de proceso. Patents No. US 7068048 B2 "MICROWAVE SENSOR FOR MEASURING A DIELECTRIC PROPERTY OF A PRODUCT", No. EP0889321A1 "MOISTURE AND DENSITY SENSOR" and No. US5826458A "MOISTURE DETECTION METER "tell us about equipment for measuring humidity, density, among other process parameters.
La patente No. US20120117815A1 "DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE CONVERSION OF BIOMASS TO BIOFUEL" describen un aparato y método para controlar la conversión de materiales carbonosos, particularmente la biomasa y los recursos de biomasa, en un combustible sólido de alto rendimiento, proporciona un proceso que tiene un sistema de control que permite al sistema producir un combustible de calidad uniforme.  Patent No. US20120117815A1 "DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE CONVERSION OF BIOMASS TO BIOFUEL" describes an apparatus and method for controlling the conversion of carbonaceous materials, particularly biomass and biomass resources, into a high performance solid fuel, provides process that has a control system that allows the system to produce a fuel of uniform quality.
La patente No. US20120085023A1 "BIOMASS TORREFACTION SYSTEM AND METHOD" nos muestra un sistema con un método que recircula los gases de torrefacción calentándolos y haciéndolos pasar por el reactor como un medio calefactor. Patent No. US20120085023A1 "BIOMASS TORREFACTION SYSTEM AND METHOD" shows us a system with a method that recirculates the roasting gases by heating them and by passing them through the reactor as a heating medium.
En la siguiente invención se presenta un equipo novedoso para el proceso de torrefacción con un colector solar cilindrico parabólico como medio para calentar la biomasa además de contar con un sistema de recirculación de gases como otro medio calefactor a modo de hacer más eficiente este equipo, cuenta también con un sistema de control adaptivo para controlar las variables del proceso. En nuestra investigación casi no se encontraron patentes relacionadas a este tipo de equipos, aunque si se encontraron sistemas parecidos de medición de parámetros y patentes con el mismo principio de calefacción pero dirigidos más a cocinar y secar que a la torrefacción de biomasa, por lo que creemos nuestra invención es novedosa en el campo de la torrefacción.  In the following invention, a new equipment for the roasting process is presented with a parabolic cylindrical solar collector as a means to heat the biomass, in addition to having a gas recirculation system as another heating means in order to make this equipment more efficient, also with an adaptive control system to control the process variables. In our investigation almost no patents related to this type of equipment were found, although similar parameters and patents measurement systems were found with the same heating principle but aimed more at cooking and drying than biomass roasting, so We believe our invention is novel in the field of roasting.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE FIGURAS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES
Figura 1.- Muestra una imagen lateral de un equipo de torrefacción con una tolva de alimentación (1); un tornillo a sin fin para la alimentación de la materia prima (2); un reactor de torrefacción (3) montado en el eje focal de un colector solar cilindrico parabólico; un colector solar cilindrico parabólico como fuente principal para la generación de calor (4); un tomillo transportador hueco para mover la materia prima en el proceso (5); un sensor de microondas de baja frecuencia para medir la humedad para controlar el proceso (6); una salida primaria para el vapor de agua de ia sección de secado (7); una salida para el material torrefactado (8); una cámara infrarroja para detección de color de la materia prima en el proceso (9); una salida para los componentes orgánicos volátiles de la sección de torrefacción (10) que se encuentra conectada a un oxidador térmico; un soplador para mover los gases de la salida del torrefactor al oxidador (11); un oxidador térmico (12) para la destrucción de los VOC con un subministro de combustible para la llama del oxidador (13); una salida para los gases que salen del oxidador y son usados como fuente secundaria de calor en el torrefactor (14); motor para el tomillo trasportador hueco (15); medidores de temperatura para el control del proceso (16). Figure 1.- Shows a side image of a roasting equipment with a feed hopper (1); an endless screw for feeding the raw material (2); a roasting reactor (3) mounted on the focal axis of a parabolic cylindrical solar collector; a parabolic cylindrical solar collector as the main source for heat generation (4); a hollow conveyor thyme to move the raw material in the process (5); a low frequency microwave sensor to measure humidity to control the process (6); a primary outlet for water vapor from the drying section (7); an outlet for the roasted material (8); an infrared camera for color detection of the raw material in the process (9); an outlet for the volatile organic components of the roasting section (10) that is connected to a thermal oxidizer; a blower to move the gases from the outlet of the roaster to the oxidizer (11); a thermal oxidizer (12) for the destruction of the VOCs with a fuel sub-minister for the oxidizer flame (13); an outlet for the gases that leave the oxidizer and are used as a secondary source of heat in the roaster (14); motor for the hollow conveyor thyme (15); temperature meters for process control (16).
Figura 2.- Muestra una imagen transversal del reactor de torrefacción (3) la cual cuenta con: el reactor de torrefacción (3); un tornillo transportador hueco para mover la materia prima en el proceso (5); un cilindro de vidrio al vacío que rodea al torrefactor y mantiene el calor dentro (17) y un colector solar cilindrico parabólico como fuente principal para la generación de calor (4).  Figure 2.- Shows a cross-sectional image of the roasting reactor (3) which has: the roasting reactor (3); a hollow conveyor screw to move the raw material in the process (5); a vacuum glass cylinder that surrounds the roaster and keeps the heat inside (17) and a parabolic cylindrical solar collector as the main source for heat generation (4).
DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
La presente invención se encuentra relacionada al proceso de torrefacción utilizado en este tratamiento la biomasa de subproductos agrícolas para la fabricación de un biocombustible sólido. La siguiente invención comprende un proceso de torrefacción que aprovechará la energía captada en un colector solar cilindrico parabólico con sistema de realimentación de los gases de torrefacción para gestión de eficiencia calorífica, este sistema se controlará mediante un sistema adaptativo cuyas variables de entrada serán 1) temperatura; 2) contenido de humedad; y 3) color para así controlar las variables de tiempo de residencia y velocidad del tornillo transportador. El reactor se distingue por contener un sistema de alimentación de biomasa (1)(2), un tomillo transportador hueco (3) que funcionará como reactor de pirólisis parcial de biomasa, con dos salidas para los gases de torrefacción (7)(10). En la primera parte del reactor de torrefacción se llevará a cabo la fase de deshidratación de la biomasa, en la que los gases producidos serán expulsados del proceso mediante una descarga hacia la atmósfera (7); mientras que en la segunda parte se llevará a cabo la fase de torrefacción (10). Este reactor se calentará con un colector solar cilindrico parabólico (4), el cual contará con un sistema de seguimiento solar. El contenido de humedad se mide dentro del reactor por medio de un sensor de microondas de baja intensidad (6), con el cual se medirá el contenido de humedad. The present invention is related to the roasting process used in this treatment of agricultural by-product biomass for the manufacture of a solid biofuel. The following invention comprises a roasting process that will take advantage of the energy captured in a parabolic cylindrical solar collector with a roasting gas feedback system for heat efficiency management, this system will be controlled by an adaptive system whose input variables will be 1) temperature ; 2) moisture content; and 3) color to control the variables of residence time and speed of the conveyor screw. The reactor is distinguished by containing a biomass feed system (1) (2), a hollow conveyor thyme (3) that will function as a partial biomass pyrolysis reactor, with two outputs for roasting gases (7) (10) . In the first part of the reactor roasting will be carried out the phase of dehydration of the biomass, in which the gases produced will be expelled from the process by a discharge into the atmosphere (7); while in the second part the roasting phase will be carried out (10). This reactor will be heated with a parabolic cylindrical solar collector (4), which will have a solar tracking system. The moisture content is measured inside the reactor by means of a low intensity microwave sensor (6), with which the moisture content will be measured.
El color de biomasa durante la etapa de torrefacción del reactor es otro parámetro que se toma en cuenta en esta invención y será medido por una cámara infrarroja (9); este parámetro, además de la humedad monitoreada en la primera parte del proceso, determinará la velocidad del tornillo transportador haciéndolo girar más rápido o más lento según la humedad y el color de la biomasa en las respectivas fases de proceso. Este sistema además recibirá las señales de entrada de las temperaturas de la materia en proceso y de los gases de calentamiento del interior del tornillo motriz hueco, medidos por sensores de temperatura (16). The color of biomass during the roasting stage of the reactor is another parameter that is taken into account in this invention and will be measured by an infrared camera (9); This parameter, in addition to the humidity monitored in the first part of the process, will determine the speed of the conveyor screw by rotating it faster or slower depending on the humidity and the color of the biomass in the respective process phases. This system will also receive the input signals of the temperatures of the material in process and of the heating gases inside the hollow drive screw, measured by temperature sensors (16).
El proceso constará de un sistema de recirculación de gases que contará con un oxidador térmico (12) para la desintegración de los gases VOC (Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles) producidos en la fase de torrefacción, estos gases sobrecalentados se harán pasar por el interior del tomillo transportador (5) ya que este será hueco y estos gases funcionaran como medio calefactor para obtener una mayor eficiencia en el torrefactor siendo liberados a la atmosfera una vez ya utilizados (14).  The process will consist of a gas recirculation system that will have a thermal oxidizer (12) for the disintegration of the VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) gases produced in the roasting phase, these superheated gases will be passed inside the conveyor thyme (5) since this will be hollow and these gases will function as a heating medium to obtain greater efficiency in the roaster being released into the atmosphere once they have been used (14).

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES Lo que se reclama es: CLAIMS What is claimed is:
1. Un sistema de torrefacción de biomasa triturada cuyo elemento central es un reactor de torrefacción tipo tomillo, ubicado en la línea focal de un concentrador solar cilindro parabólico y que comprende los siguientes subsistemas: un dispositivo de alimentación de biomasa automatizado, tolva de alimentación y tornillo alimentador; un cilindro que contiene un tornillo sin fin hueco que funciona como transportador de biomasa y por cuyo interior se desplazan los gases de calentamiento; una superficie de captación de energía solar cilindrico parabólica en cuyo eje focal se encuentra dispuesto un reactor de torrefacción tipo tomillo; una primera salida de compuestos volátiles que contiene principalmente vapor de agua y que es descargado directamente a la atmósfera; una segunda salida de elementos volátiles que contiene principalmente gases VOC (compuestos orgánicos volátiles) que son conducidos hacia un oxidador térmico descargados por el interior del trasportador cilindrico hueco del reactor de torrefacción; una cámara de oxidación térmica en la que, mediante la utilización de un combustible secundario se queman ios gases VOC provenientes de la fase de torrefacción del reactor tipo tomillo; un sistema instrumentación para monitoreo de variables de proceso que mide: la humedad en la fase de deshidratación del reactor de tomillo, el color de la biomasa en la fase de torrefacción del reactor y la temperatura tanto de la materia prima en proceso, como de los gases de calentamiento tanto en la cámara de oxidación térmica como en el interior del tornillo transportador del reactor; un sistema de control adaptativo de proceso que recibe las señales del sistema de instrumentación y es capaz de controlar la velocidad de alimentación de biomasa, el tiempo de residencia de la biomasa en el reactor de torrefacción tipo tornillo, la posición de ia superficie de captación de energía solar y el flujo de alimentación de combustible auxiliar en el oxidador térmico; y finalmente una descarga atmosférica de gases de proceso. 1. A crushed biomass roasting system whose central element is a thyme-type roasting reactor, located on the focal line of a parabolic trough solar concentrator and comprising the following subsystems: an automated biomass feeding device, feed hopper and feeder screw; a cylinder containing a hollow worm that functions as a biomass conveyor and through which the heating gases move; a parabolic cylindrical solar energy collection surface on whose focal axis a thyme-type roasting reactor is arranged; a first outlet of volatile compounds that mainly contains water vapor and is discharged directly into the atmosphere; a second outlet of volatile elements that mainly contains VOC gases (volatile organic compounds) that are led to a thermal oxidizer discharged inside the hollow cylindrical conveyor of the roasting reactor; a thermal oxidation chamber in which, by using a secondary fuel, VOC gases from the roasting phase of the thyme-type reactor are burned; an instrumentation system for monitoring process variables that measures: the humidity in the dehydration phase of the thyme reactor, the color of the biomass in the roasting phase of the reactor and the temperature of both the raw material in process, as well as the heating gases both in the thermal oxidation chamber and inside the reactor conveyor screw; an adaptive process control system that receives the signals from the instrumentation system and is capable of controlling the biomass feed rate, the residence time of the biomass in the screw-type roasting reactor, the position of the capture surface of solar energy and the auxiliary fuel feed flow in the thermal oxidizer; and finally an atmospheric discharge of process gases.
2. Un sistema como en la reivindicación 1, que consta de captación de energía solar tipo concentrador cilindro - parabólico, como el descrito en la reivindicación uno, que podrá contar con sistema de seguimiento solar, en cuyo eje focal se ha instalado un reactor de torrefacción de biomasa, que podrá estar contenido en un cilindro de vidrio al vacio. 2. A system as in claim 1, consisting of solar-type parabolic concentrator-type solar energy collection, such as that described in claim one, which may have a solar tracking system, on whose focal axis a water reactor has been installed. biomass roasting, which may be contained in a vacuum glass cylinder.
3. Un reactor de torrefacción tipo tornillo hueco, como el descrito en la reivindicación 1 , por cuyo interior se desplazan los gases de combustión provenientes de un oxidador térmico, y por cuyo exterior, dotado de un elemento helicoidal, es transportada la biomasa triturada en proceso de torrefacción. Este reactor recibe energía mediante dos sistemas de calentamiento: un sistema primario que recibe la energía solar de la superficie de captación del concentrador cilindrico parabólico, y un sistema secundario que consiste en captar la energía calorífica desprendida por los gases VOC generados durante la torrefacción de la biomasa e incinerados en una cámara de oxidación térmica cuyos gases de combustión son conducidos por el interior del tomillo hueco del reactor de torrefacción.  3. A hollow screw type roasting reactor, as described in claim 1, through which the combustion gases from a thermal oxidizer are displaced, and from which, equipped with a helical element, the crushed biomass is transported in roasting process This reactor receives energy through two heating systems: a primary system that receives solar energy from the surface of the parabolic cylindrical concentrator, and a secondary system consisting of capturing the heat energy released by the VOC gases generated during the roasting of the biomass and incinerated in a thermal oxidation chamber whose combustion gases are conducted inside the hollow thyme of the roasting reactor.
4. Un sistema de medición continuo de la humedad, como el descrito en la reivindicación 1 , del producto, que pudiera ser a base de microondas de baja intensidad, que será monitoreada a lo largo de la primera sección del reactor tipo tomillo, cuya velocidad será controlada para generar condiciones de humedad cero en la parte final de la primera sección.4. A continuous moisture measurement system, as described in claim 1, of the product, which could be based on low intensity microwaves, which will be monitored along the first section of the thyme-type reactor, whose speed It will be controlled to generate zero humidity conditions in the final part of the first section.
5. Una cámara de combustión que funciona como oxidador térmico recuperativo, como el descrito en la reivindicación 1 , que es capaz de aprovechar la energía contenida en los gases VOC generados en el proceso de torrefacción de biomasa, que es alimentado con un combustible auxiliar, cuya combustión genera las condiciones de oxidación requeridas para la oxidación de los gases provenientes del reactor de torrefacción. En condiciones de insuficiencia de energía solar este sistema proveerá total o parcialmente la energía requerida para el funcionamiento del torrefactor de biomasa. 5. A combustion chamber that functions as a recuperative thermal oxidizer, as described in claim 1, which is capable of harnessing the energy contained in the VOC gases generated in the biomass roasting process, which is fed with an auxiliary fuel, whose combustion generates the oxidation conditions required for the oxidation of gases from the roasting reactor. In conditions of insufficient solar energy this system will provide all or part of the energy required for the operation of the biomass roaster.
6. La presente invención describe un sistema de medición de espectro de color, como el descrito en la reivindicación 1 , que medirá los espectros de absorbencia y/o reflectancia de la materia torrefactada, ubicado en el final de la segunda sección del reactor de tornillo y que será el parámetro de control del reactor. 6. The present invention describes a color spectrum measurement system, such as that described in claim 1, which will measure the absorbency and / or reflectance spectra of the roasted matter, located at the end of the second section of the screw reactor and that will be the control parameter of the reactor.
7. Un sistema de control adaptativo como en la reivindicación 1 , que controla la velocidad del trasportador tipo tornillo ubicado en el eje focal del concentrador cilindro parabólico dependiendo de las mediciones de humedad y color, así como flujo de ingreso de materia prima hacia el reactor torrefactor y el flujo de combustible auxiliar en la cámara de oxidación térmica. Este sistema además recibirá las señales de entrada de las temperaturas de la materia en proceso y de los gases de calentamiento del interior del tomillo motriz hueco, medidos por sensores de temperatura.  7. An adaptive control system as in claim 1, which controls the speed of the screw-type conveyor located on the focal axis of the parabolic trough concentrator depending on the humidity and color measurements, as well as the flow of raw material into the reactor Torrefactor and auxiliary fuel flow in the thermal oxidation chamber. This system will also receive the input signals of the temperatures of the material in process and of the heating gases inside the hollow drive thyme, measured by temperature sensors.
PCT/MX2015/000202 2015-12-16 2015-12-16 Device for roasting crushed biomass via a double-phase parabolic cylindrical collector, and controlled by measuring the colour spectrum and moisture WO2017105194A1 (en)

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