WO2017103408A2 - Device for the measurement and compliance monitoring of an impact on a structure - Google Patents

Device for the measurement and compliance monitoring of an impact on a structure Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017103408A2
WO2017103408A2 PCT/FR2016/053337 FR2016053337W WO2017103408A2 WO 2017103408 A2 WO2017103408 A2 WO 2017103408A2 FR 2016053337 W FR2016053337 W FR 2016053337W WO 2017103408 A2 WO2017103408 A2 WO 2017103408A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
support frame
impact
image
conformity
optical dimensional
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2016/053337
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2017103408A3 (en
Inventor
Louis LE PINRU
Hubert Voillaume
Original Assignee
Airbus Group Sas
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Airbus Group Sas filed Critical Airbus Group Sas
Publication of WO2017103408A2 publication Critical patent/WO2017103408A2/en
Publication of WO2017103408A3 publication Critical patent/WO2017103408A3/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/8806—Specially adapted optical and illumination features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64F—GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B64F5/00—Designing, manufacturing, assembling, cleaning, maintaining or repairing aircraft, not otherwise provided for; Handling, transporting, testing or inspecting aircraft components, not otherwise provided for
    • B64F5/60—Testing or inspecting aircraft components or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/02—Arrangement of sensing elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/20—Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
    • F01D21/003—Arrangements for testing or measuring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G01B11/25—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures by projecting a pattern, e.g. one or more lines, moiré fringes on the object
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/0002—Arrangements for supporting, fixing or guiding the measuring instrument or the object to be measured
    • G01B5/0004—Supports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
    • F05D2270/804—Optical devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of structural control. It relates in particular to a device and an automatic method for non-destructive control of impacts on a structure.
  • the invention finds application in all the fields in which it is necessary to carry out, on parts or all types of materials, controls by non-destructive technologies, for example the aeronautical or automobile field.
  • the invention finds particular applications for the control of panels of large structures, such as an aircraft structure.
  • Aircraft are regularly subjected to impacts, or recesses, during their lifetime.
  • impacts we mean collisions with birds, suspensions in the air of debris, as well as collisions on the ground, for example with vehicles circulating around the aircraft.
  • the structures concerned by such impacts are both structures made of metallic material and structures made of laminated composite material.
  • Aircraft are therefore regularly subjected to numerous quality controls, whether before the delivery of the aircraft to the airline or between flights.
  • Pre-delivery inspection requires a record of all visible impacts on the entire fuselage of the aircraft. This survey is accompanied by the measurement of the dimensions (length, width and depth) of these impacts, in order to classify them and take appropriate measures.
  • the present invention aims to improve the working conditions of non-destructive testing operators, and thereby the quality and speed of inspections.
  • the present invention also aims to adapt the tools for non-destructive testing to the real and specific needs of the operator, whether or not expert in the field of non-destructive testing.
  • Non-destructive testing is defined in the present description in a conventional manner, that is to say as a control performed on parts or external structures by an operator, and aimed at providing information on these parts or structures, more particularly on their compliance with material quality requirements, without the result of alterations prejudicial to their subsequent use.
  • Non-destructive testing thus makes it possible to highlight defects that may affect the availability, the safety of use and, more generally, the conformity of the part or structure to the use for which it is intended.
  • Non-destructive testing within the meaning of the present invention implements a non-destructive measurement sensor associated with a processing unit.
  • a device for measuring and checking conformity of an impact on a structure comprising:
  • a support frame comprising a hollow lower face intended to be positioned, facing the impact, against a surface of the structure, the hollow lower face defining a laying plane;
  • an optical dimensional measuring means configured to be directed towards the hollow lower face, said optical dimensional measuring means being positioned on the support frame at a distance such that the laying plane coincides with a reference plane of said measuring means optical dimension
  • a management module comprising:
  • a unit for processing at least one image obtained by the optical dimensional measurement means said processing unit being intended for calculating the dimensional measurements of the impact
  • a display screen of the result said display screen being intended to deliver information relating to the conformity of the impact.
  • Such a measuring device advantageously allows high ergonomics of use, a dimensioning adapted to the required use and following a gain in mass, a size and a reduced cost.
  • Such a measuring device thus makes it possible to associate an optical, therefore non-destructive, dimensional measurement means adapted to the inspection dimensions and a support frame adapted to the positioning and to the optimal distance of the optical dimensional measuring means.
  • the device is advantageously positioned by the operator by simple contact of the support frame on the structure, vis-à-vis the impact, ensuring both the function of setting the focal length of the optical dimensional measuring means and stability necessary for the measurement.
  • the support frame is preferably manufactured in a lightweight material, which allows for a portable automatic measuring device, easily transportable by the operator in the field.
  • This system may have a weight sufficiently light, for example less than 4 kg, requiring the use of any tripod-type support device.
  • the operator can directly take the images, holding the measuring device by hand, which makes it easy to deal with areas that are not easily accessible, such as the upper part of the fuselage of the aircraft.
  • the management module is installed on the support frame.
  • the management module is disposed on a face of the support frame.
  • the management module is disposed on a face of the support frame opposite to the lower face.
  • the management module integrated in the support frame allows the processing of measurements (measurements, comparison with predefined criteria, ...) and the display of these in real time, as well as the archiving of data.
  • the measuring device thus makes it possible to automate the operation of dimensional measurement of an impact on a structure, whether of metal material or laminated composite material, and to inform the operator in real time of the result. of its measurement by a simplified display of the OK / NOK type. In addition, a simplified display allows an unqualified operator to easily use the measuring device.
  • Such a measuring device consequently makes it possible to reduce considerably the measurement time compared to a manual measurement.
  • the invention also fulfills the following characteristics, implemented separately or in each of their technically operating combinations.
  • the optical dimensional measuring means comprises:
  • an image projection device configured to project at least one luminous pattern towards the hollow lower face
  • an image acquisition system intended to produce at least one image of the at least one luminous pattern.
  • the management module is configured to be releasably held on the support frame.
  • the device measurement module comprises a power supply module of the management module and the optical dimensional measurement means.
  • the power supply module is for example of the battery type.
  • the conformity measuring and checking device comprises a support device for positioning the support frame.
  • the support frame comprises temporary holding members.
  • Such temporary holding members temporarily immobilize, that is to say the time of measurement, or measurements, by the optical dimensional measurement means, the support frame against the structure.
  • the temporary holding members are for example suckers.
  • the measurement and conformity control device comprises a geolocation device.
  • the geolocation device is for example an inertial unit.
  • the conformity measuring and checking device comprises a means for gripping the support frame, such as for example a handle.
  • the invention also relates to a method for measuring and checking the conformity of an impact on a structure by means of the device for measuring and checking conformity according to one of its embodiments. Said method comprises the steps of:
  • processing of the at least one image obtained by the processing unit in order to obtain dimensional measurements of the impact, and comparison of the dimensional measurements with predefined criteria - display of information about the conformity of the impact on the display screen.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are in no way limiting, represented in FIGS. 1 and 2, in which:
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a general view of an exemplary device for measuring and checking the conformity of an impact according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a front view of the device for measuring and checking conformity of an impact of FIG. 1, in position of use on a structure.
  • the preferred field of application of the invention is that of the non-destructive control of structures used in aeronautics, in particular structures made of laminated composite material.
  • the invention is applied to large structures, such as for example an aircraft fuselage.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary device 100 for measuring and checking compliance of an impact on a structure.
  • this device for measuring and checking conformity of an impact on a structure will be referred to simply as measuring device 100.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates this measuring device, in position of use on a structure 200.
  • a structure 200 which structure comprises, at a surface 210, an impact 220.
  • the measuring device 100 is intended to be attached to the surface 210 of the structure 200 on which it is temporarily placed.
  • the structure 200 is made indifferently in a metallic material or in a laminated composite material.
  • the metal structure has indeed a plastic deformation component which is measurable by the measuring device according to the invention.
  • the measuring device 100 comprises in the first place a support frame 10.
  • the support frame 10 is formed of a structural frame of parallelepiped shape.
  • the frame is rectangular parallelepiped shape.
  • the framework is preferably made from an assembly of standard profiles interconnected, and forms for example a welded structure.
  • the frame comprises:
  • the four vertical sections 1 1 thus form the vertical edges of the framework and the eight horizontal sections 12 form the horizontal edges of the framework.
  • the support frame 10 has six faces, a lower face, an upper face and four lateral faces. Each of the faces is hollow.
  • the lower face is delimited by lower faces of the horizontal sections. Said lower face 13 is intended to be positioned against the surface 210 of the structure 200 and forms a plane called laying plane 14.
  • the support frame 10 defines a hollow volume, in which volume is disposed an optical dimensional measuring means 20, described later.
  • the support frame 10 has dimensions, in length and width, such that the surface of the lower face 13 is greater than the typical surface of the impacts found on an aircraft fuselage.
  • the height is in turn related to the positioning of the optical dimensional measuring means 20 on said support frame.
  • the support frame 10 is preferably rigid, on the one hand, to mechanically withstand the various handling and transport conditions, and on the other hand, to support the other constituent elements of the measuring device 100 attaching thereto.
  • the support frame 10 is also preferably made of a light material, for example aluminum, to facilitate handling and transport.
  • the optical dimensional measurement means 20 is disposed at the level of the upper part of the support frame 10 and fixedly secured to said support frame.
  • Said optical dimensional measuring means 20 is directed towards the hollow lower face 13, that is to say in the direction of the impact 220 when the measuring device 100 is positioned against the surface 210 of the structure 200.
  • Said optical dimensional measuring means 20 is positioned on the support frame 10 at a height such that the laying plane 14 of said support frame coincides with a reference plane, also referred to as a focal plane, of the optical dimensional measuring means 20.
  • the support frame 10 thus has an optimal and automatic distance function of the optical dimensional measuring means 20 with respect to the measured area in which an impact has been detected.
  • the optical dimensional measuring means 20 comprises:
  • an image projection device 21 configured to project at least one luminous pattern towards the hollow lower face 13, an image acquisition system intended to produce at least one image of the at least one luminous pattern.
  • the image projection device 21 is configured to project at least one luminous pattern towards the impact 220,
  • an image acquisition system 22 intended to produce at least one image of the at least one luminous pattern which has been deformed by the impact 220.
  • the image projection device 21 is of the fringe projection device type.
  • the image projection device 21 and the image acquisition system 22 are attached, independently of one another, to the support frame 10 by means of fixing elements (not shown) of known type per se. .
  • the image projection device 21 is positioned on the support frame 10, so that the pattern is projected onto the impact 220 of the structure 200 in a direction of projection not perpendicular to the laying plane 14.
  • the image acquisition system 22 is positioned on the support frame 10, so as to be opposite the structure 200.
  • the image projection device 21 may be a pico-projector, of low power, but having a large amount of points to ensure sufficient resolution for the measurement to be made.
  • Such an image projection device is advantageously of low cost, has a small footprint and a reduced weight, contributing to the portability of the complete measuring device.
  • the image acquisition system 22 may be a digital photography apparatus or a matrix camera capable of producing an image of the projected pattern on the impact to be analyzed having a good resolution of the depth measurement. This image acquisition system can allow the production of images, for example, 1280 x 1024 pixels. The acquisition of an image necessary for a measurement is performed instantly.
  • the measuring device 100 may comprise a control unit which advantageously provides the control function of both the image projection device and the image acquisition system.
  • the measuring device 100 may comprise an image processing unit which performs the image analysis functions obtained by the image acquisition and comparison system with predetermined criteria.
  • the image processing unit comprises, for example software capable of performing the conventional functions related to image processing.
  • the image processing unit is configured to provide the dimensional measurements of the impact based on the images obtained by the image acquisition system. These dimensional measurements are compared with the pre-established criteria.
  • the measuring device 100 may comprise a display screen 31 configured to provide a simplified display of information relating to the conformity of the impact analyzed, for example of the OK / NOK type.
  • the display screen 31 comprises:
  • the indicators are, in one embodiment, a light indicator.
  • control unit, the image processing unit and the display screen 31 are grouped together in one and the same module, called the management module 30.
  • the management module 30 is preferably disposed on the support frame 10, as illustrated in FIG.
  • the management module 30 has a dimension such that it can be installed on the support frame 10, for example on the upper face.
  • the acquisition, processing and visualization of the information relating to the conformity of the analyzed impact can then be carried out on place, in real time, near the aircraft concerned, in a minimum time, of the order of a few tens of seconds.
  • the management module 30 is fixedly connected with the support frame.
  • the management module 30 is configured to be removably supported on the support frame 10.
  • the management module 30 can thus be decoupled from the support frame 10, as shown in FIG. 1, to enable the operator to hold it in his hand or to fix it at a more suitable place, such as, for example, on the forearm of the the operator.
  • the management module 30 is able to orient itself independently of the support frame 10.
  • the management module 30 comprises for example a mechanical rotation system for orienting it in space in all possible ways .
  • the measuring device 100 may include a power supply module (not shown).
  • the power supply module comprises at least one battery, rechargeable or not.
  • the power supply module is configured to be removably supported on the support frame, for example in the hollow volume of the support frame.
  • the measuring device 100 may also comprise, at the level of the lower part of the support frame 10, temporary holding members 50 on the surface 210 of the structure 200 to be analyzed.
  • temporary holding members have a dual role.
  • said temporary holding members advantageously make it possible to stabilize the support frame 10 against the surface 210 of the structure 200 during the measurement, so as not to disturb it.
  • the temporary holding members 50 also make it possible to protect the surface 210 of the structure 200 from any scratches, which this is when positioning the measuring device 100 on the surface 210 or during removal.
  • said holding member is a suction cup.
  • the support frame 10 comprises four temporary holding members 50.
  • the laying plane 14 of the support frame 10 corresponds to the plane formed by lower faces of the temporary holding members 50.
  • said measuring device may comprise at least one gripping element 40.
  • the measuring device 100 comprises two gripping elements 40, each in the form of a handle.
  • the two handles are positioned on two opposite sides of the support frame, each handle being fixed on two vertical profiles of the support frame. Each handle is thus intended to be gripped by a hand of the operator.
  • said measuring device may comprise a positioning aid device (not shown) of the support frame 10.
  • said positioning aid device consists of a display, on the display screen 31, of the field of view of the image acquisition system 22 coupled to a centering cross.
  • the measuring device 100 may comprise a cover (not shown) provided for coating the upper face and the lateral faces of the support frame 10, with the exception of the hollow underside.
  • the measuring device 100 may also comprise a geolocation device (not shown) of the impact 220 in an aircraft mark, by example with reference to an internal structure of the fuselage.
  • a geolocation device advantageously makes it possible to list and locate the impacts 220 in the aircraft mark.
  • the measurements made by the geolocation device are performed simultaneously and in parallel dimensional measurements of the impact by the optical dimensional measurement means 20.
  • the geolocation device is an inertial unit.
  • the measuring device 100 according to the invention can be advantageously used by any operator, such as a ground staff of an airport, as follows.
  • the measuring device 100 is first positioned on the structure 200.
  • the measuring device 100 is arranged on the structure 200 by the operator so as to position the hollow lower face 14 of the support frame 10, or the lower face of the temporary holding members 50 when present against the surface 210 of the structure 200 and centering the impact 220 in the field of view of the image acquisition system 22.
  • a measurement is then performed with the optical dimensional measuring means 20.
  • the operator initiates the measurement, for example by pressing a button 41 located on a gripping element 40, or by pressing an icon on the display screen 31.
  • the image projection device 21 projects a luminous pattern onto the structure 200, at the location of the impact 220.
  • the image acquisition system 22 makes an image of this projected light pattern on the impact.
  • the light pattern is projected during a predefined non-point time interval, that is to say a continuous interval of several seconds.
  • the image of the projected pattern is made on the impact during this time interval.
  • the image projection device 21 is synchronized with the image acquisition system 22, which makes it possible to produce an image at the instant when the pattern is projected onto the structure. This synchronization is performed at a speed such that the recorded image is clear, that is to say not blurred.
  • the image acquisition system can produce a plurality of images during the projection of the light pattern by the image projection device 21.
  • the image projection device 21 successively projects several light patterns onto the structure, and the image acquisition system produces one or more images during the projection. of each luminous pattern.
  • this treatment can consist of several phases:
  • the geometry of the zone of the analyzed structure is thus measured in the three dimensions of the space.
  • the dimensional measurements of the impact 220 can therefore be deduced.
  • the first indicator is activated, synonymous with conformity of the impact.
  • the second indicator is activated, synonymous with non-compliance of the impact, immediately alerting the operator of the need for an intervention on the structure comprising this impact. The operator can then remove the measuring device and check for a new impact.
  • Such a measuring device makes it possible to measure an impact depth of the order of one tenth of a millimeter.
  • the present invention achieves the objectives it has set for itself.
  • it proposes a portable and space-saving measurement device for automating the dimensional measurement operation of an impact on a structure and to inform the operator in real time of the result of his measurement by a simplified display of the OK / NOK type.
  • the measuring device is easily used by an unqualified operator.
  • ground personnel at any airport equipped with this measurement device can quickly apprehend it and use it to determine whether the visible impact on the structure is critical or not.

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  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (100) for the measurement and compliance monitoring of an impact (220) on a structure (200). The device comprises: a support frame (10) including a hollow lower surface (13) to be positioned against a surface (210) of the structure (200) and directed towards the impact, said hollow lower surface defining a positioning plane (14); an optical dimensional measurement means (20) configured to be directed towards the hollow lower surface (13), said optical dimensional measurement means being positioned on the support frame (10) at a distance such that the positioning plane (14) coincides with a reference plane of the optical dimensional measurement means; a management module (30) comprising a unit for processing at least one image obtained by the optical dimensional measurement means (20) and a display screen (31) for providing information relating to the compliance of the impact.

Description

Dispositif de mesure et de contrôle de conformité  Device for measuring and checking conformity
d'un impact sur une structure  an impact on a structure
Domaine de l'invention Field of the invention
La présente invention appartient au domaine du contrôle des structures. Elle concerne notamment un dispositif et un procédé automatique pour un contrôle non destructif d'impacts sur une structure.  The present invention belongs to the field of structural control. It relates in particular to a device and an automatic method for non-destructive control of impacts on a structure.
L'invention trouve application dans tous les domaines dans lesquels il est nécessaire d'effectuer, sur des pièces ou tous types de matériaux, des contrôles par des technologies non destructives, par exemple le domaine aéronautique ou automobile.  The invention finds application in all the fields in which it is necessary to carry out, on parts or all types of materials, controls by non-destructive technologies, for example the aeronautical or automobile field.
L'invention trouve notamment des applications pour le contrôle de panneaux de structures de grandes dimensions, telles qu'une structure d'aéronef.  The invention finds particular applications for the control of panels of large structures, such as an aircraft structure.
Etat de la technique  State of the art
Les aéronefs sont régulièrement soumis à des impacts, ou renfoncements, au cours de leur durée de vie.  Aircraft are regularly subjected to impacts, or recesses, during their lifetime.
Par impacts, on entend des collisions avec des oiseaux, des suspensions dans l'air de débris, ainsi que des collisions au sol, par exemple avec des véhicules circulant autour des aéronefs.  By impacts, we mean collisions with birds, suspensions in the air of debris, as well as collisions on the ground, for example with vehicles circulating around the aircraft.
Quelque soit son origine, un impact peut avoir, en fonction de son emplacement et de ses dimensions, des conséquences sur la sécurité et/ou sur l'esthétique de l'aéronef.  Whatever its origin, an impact may have, depending on its location and its dimensions, consequences on the safety and / or aesthetics of the aircraft.
Les structures concernées par de tels impacts sont autant les structures réalisées en matériau métallique que les structures réalisées en matériau composite stratifié.  The structures concerned by such impacts are both structures made of metallic material and structures made of laminated composite material.
Les aéronefs sont donc régulièrement soumis à de nombreux contrôles de qualité, que ce soit avant la livraison de l'aéronef à la compagnie aérienne ou entre deux vols.  Aircraft are therefore regularly subjected to numerous quality controls, whether before the delivery of the aircraft to the airline or between flights.
L'inspection avant livraison, notamment, nécessite un relevé de tous les impacts visibles sur l'ensemble du fuselage de l'aéronef. Ce relevé s'accompagne de la mesure des dimensions (longueur, largeur et profondeur) de ces impacts, afin de les classer et de prendre les mesures adaptées.  Pre-delivery inspection, in particular, requires a record of all visible impacts on the entire fuselage of the aircraft. This survey is accompanied by the measurement of the dimensions (length, width and depth) of these impacts, in order to classify them and take appropriate measures.
Actuellement, il n'existe aucun moyen automatique pour dimensionner un tel impact, c'est-à-dire pour mesurer la géométrie d'un tel impact. Si la détection visible des défauts est efficace, la caractérisation des grandeurs physiques de ces derniers peut quant à elle nécessiter différentes prises de mesure pouvant se révéler longues et fastidieuses. A ce jour, les impacts sont évalués manuellement par un opérateur, généralement au moyen d'un capteur de type comparateur. De plus, les opérateurs doivent fréquemment se déplacer sur de longues distances et/ou dans des zones difficiles d'accès. Les opérations d'inspection sur les lignes d'assemblage final, dont les dimensions sont de plus en plus importantes, nécessitent des déplacements sur de longues distances. Certaines opérations d'inspection dans des zones d'accès difficile telles que l'empennage d'un aéronef nécessitent de plus l'utilisation de harnais pour amener l'opérateur dans la zone où le contrôle doit être effectué. Currently, there is no automatic way to size such an impact, that is to say to measure the geometry of such an impact. If the visible detection of faults is effective, the characterization of the physical quantities of the latter may require different measurements that can be long and tedious. To date, the impacts are evaluated manually by an operator, generally by means of a comparator type sensor. In addition, operators often have to travel long distances and / or in hard-to-reach areas. Inspection operations on final assembly lines, whose dimensions are increasingly important, require travel over long distances. Some inspection operations in areas of difficult access such as the tail of an aircraft also require the use of harnesses to bring the operator in the area where control must be performed.
Ces opérations de mesure sont donc délicates à réaliser, coûteuses en temps d'inspection et doivent être réalisées par un opérateur spécialisé. Exposé de l'invention  These measurement operations are therefore difficult to perform, costly in inspection time and must be performed by a specialized operator. Presentation of the invention
La présente invention vise à améliorer les conditions de travail des opérateurs de contrôle non destructif, et par là-même la qualité et la rapidité des inspections. La présente invention vise également à adapter les outils pour le contrôle non destructif aux besoins réels et spécifiques de l'opérateur, qu'il soit expert ou non dans le domaine du contrôle non destructif.  The present invention aims to improve the working conditions of non-destructive testing operators, and thereby the quality and speed of inspections. The present invention also aims to adapt the tools for non-destructive testing to the real and specific needs of the operator, whether or not expert in the field of non-destructive testing.
Le contrôle non destructif est défini dans la présente description de manière classique, c'est-à-dire comme un contrôle réalisé sur des pièces ou des structures externes par un opérateur, et visant à fournir des informations sur ces pièces ou structures, plus particulièrement sur leur conformité à des exigences de qualité matière, ceci sans qu'il en résulte des altérations préjudiciables à leur utilisation ultérieure. Le contrôle non destructif permet ainsi de mettre en évidence des défectuosités susceptibles d'altérer la disponibilité, la sécurité d'emploi et, plus généralement, la conformité de la pièce ou de la structure à l'usage auquel elle est destinée.  Non-destructive testing is defined in the present description in a conventional manner, that is to say as a control performed on parts or external structures by an operator, and aimed at providing information on these parts or structures, more particularly on their compliance with material quality requirements, without the result of alterations prejudicial to their subsequent use. Non-destructive testing thus makes it possible to highlight defects that may affect the availability, the safety of use and, more generally, the conformity of the part or structure to the use for which it is intended.
Le contrôle non destructif au sens de la présente invention met en œuvre un capteur de mesure non destructive associé à une unité de traitement. Ainsi, il est proposé selon la présente invention un dispositif de mesure et de contrôle de conformité d'un impact sur une structure comportant : Non-destructive testing within the meaning of the present invention implements a non-destructive measurement sensor associated with a processing unit. Thus, it is proposed according to the present invention a device for measuring and checking conformity of an impact on a structure comprising:
- un cadre support comportant une face inférieure creuse destinée à être positionnée, en regard de l'impact, contre une surface de la structure, la face inférieure creuse définissant un plan de pose, a support frame comprising a hollow lower face intended to be positioned, facing the impact, against a surface of the structure, the hollow lower face defining a laying plane;
- un moyen de mesure dimensionnelle optique configuré pour être dirigé en direction de la face inférieure creuse, ledit moyen de mesure dimensionnelle optique étant positionné sur le cadre support à une distance telle que le plan de pose coïncide avec un plan de référence dudit moyen de mesure dimensionnelle optique,an optical dimensional measuring means configured to be directed towards the hollow lower face, said optical dimensional measuring means being positioned on the support frame at a distance such that the laying plane coincides with a reference plane of said measuring means optical dimension,
- un module de gestion comportant : a management module comprising:
- une unité de traitement d'au moins une image obtenue par le moyen de mesure dimensionnelle optique, ladite unité de traitement étant destinée à calculer les mesures dimensionnelles de l'impact,  a unit for processing at least one image obtained by the optical dimensional measurement means, said processing unit being intended for calculating the dimensional measurements of the impact,
- un écran de visualisation du résultat, ledit écran de visualisation étant destiné à délivrer une information relative à la conformité de l'impact.  a display screen of the result, said display screen being intended to deliver information relating to the conformity of the impact.
Un tel dispositif de mesure permet avantageusement une ergonomie d'utilisation élevée, un dimensionnement adapté à l'utilisation requise et en suivant un gain de masse, un encombrement et un coût réduit. Such a measuring device advantageously allows high ergonomics of use, a dimensioning adapted to the required use and following a gain in mass, a size and a reduced cost.
Un tel dispositif de mesure permet ainsi d'associer un moyen de mesure dimensionnelle optique, donc non destructive, adapté aux dimensions d'inspection et un cadre support adapté au positionnement et à la mise à distance optimal du moyen de mesure dimensionnelle optique.  Such a measuring device thus makes it possible to associate an optical, therefore non-destructive, dimensional measurement means adapted to the inspection dimensions and a support frame adapted to the positioning and to the optimal distance of the optical dimensional measuring means.
Le dispositif est avantageusement positionné par l'opérateur par simple contact du cadre support sur la structure, en vis-à-vis de l'impact, assurant à la fois la fonction de mise à la distance focale du moyen de mesure dimensionnelle optique et de stabilité nécessaire à la mesure.  The device is advantageously positioned by the operator by simple contact of the support frame on the structure, vis-à-vis the impact, ensuring both the function of setting the focal length of the optical dimensional measuring means and stability necessary for the measurement.
Le cadre support est fabriqué, de préférence, dans un matériau léger, ce qui permet d'avoir un dispositif de mesure automatique portatif, facilement transportable par l'opérateur sur le terrain. Ce système peut présenter un poids suffisamment léger, par exemple inférieur à 4 Kg, ne nécessitant l'emploi d'aucun dispositif de soutien de type trépied. The support frame is preferably manufactured in a lightweight material, which allows for a portable automatic measuring device, easily transportable by the operator in the field. This system may have a weight sufficiently light, for example less than 4 kg, requiring the use of any tripod-type support device.
L'opérateur peut réaliser directement les prises d'images, en tenant le dispositif de mesure à la main, ce qui permet de traiter facilement les endroits peu faciles d'accès, comme la partie supérieure du fuselage de l'aéronef.  The operator can directly take the images, holding the measuring device by hand, which makes it easy to deal with areas that are not easily accessible, such as the upper part of the fuselage of the aircraft.
Le module de gestion est installé sur le cadre support. Dans un mode de réalisation, le module de gestion est disposé sur une face du cadre support. De préférence, le module de gestion est disposé sur une face du cadre support opposée à la face inférieure.  The management module is installed on the support frame. In one embodiment, the management module is disposed on a face of the support frame. Preferably, the management module is disposed on a face of the support frame opposite to the lower face.
Le module de gestion intégré au cadre support permet le traitement des mesures (mesures, comparaison avec des critères prédéfinis, ...) et l'affichage de celles-ci en temps réel, ainsi que l'archivage des données.  The management module integrated in the support frame allows the processing of measurements (measurements, comparison with predefined criteria, ...) and the display of these in real time, as well as the archiving of data.
Le dispositif de mesure suivant l'invention permet ainsi d'automatiser l'opération de mesure dimensionnelle d'un impact sur une structure, quelle soit en matériau métallique ou en matériau composite stratifié, et d'informer en temps réel l'opérateur du résultat de sa mesure par un affichage simplifié du type OK/NOK. De plus, un affichage simplifié permet à un opérateur non qualifié d'utiliser facilement le dispositif de mesure.  The measuring device according to the invention thus makes it possible to automate the operation of dimensional measurement of an impact on a structure, whether of metal material or laminated composite material, and to inform the operator in real time of the result. of its measurement by a simplified display of the OK / NOK type. In addition, a simplified display allows an unqualified operator to easily use the measuring device.
Un tel dispositif de mesure permet en conséquence de réduire considérablement le temps de mesure par rapport à une mesure manuelle.  Such a measuring device consequently makes it possible to reduce considerably the measurement time compared to a manual measurement.
Suivant des modes de réalisation préférés, l'invention répond en outre aux caractéristiques suivantes, mises en œuvre séparément ou en chacune de leurs combinaisons techniquement opérantes.  According to preferred embodiments, the invention also fulfills the following characteristics, implemented separately or in each of their technically operating combinations.
Selon des modes particuliers de l'invention, le moyen de mesure dimensionnelle optique comporte :  According to particular embodiments of the invention, the optical dimensional measuring means comprises:
- un dispositif de projection d'images configuré pour projeter au moins un motif lumineux en direction de la face inférieure creuse, an image projection device configured to project at least one luminous pattern towards the hollow lower face,
- un système d'acquisition d'images destiné à réaliser au moins une image du au moins un motif lumineux. an image acquisition system intended to produce at least one image of the at least one luminous pattern.
Selon des modes particuliers de l'invention, le module de gestion est configuré pour être maintenu de manière amovible sur le cadre support.  According to particular embodiments of the invention, the management module is configured to be releasably held on the support frame.
Selon des modes particuliers de l'invention, pour minimiser les contraintes liées à l'utilisation de câbles d'alimentation électriques, le dispositif de mesure comporte un module d'alimentation électrique du module de gestion et du moyen de mesure dimensionnelle optique. According to particular embodiments of the invention, in order to minimize the constraints related to the use of electric power supply cables, the device measurement module comprises a power supply module of the management module and the optical dimensional measurement means.
Le module d'alimentation électrique, autonome, est par exemple du type batterie.  The power supply module, autonomous, is for example of the battery type.
Selon des modes particuliers de l'invention, pour faciliter le positionnement du dispositif de mesure sur la structure, en regard de l'impact, le dispositif de mesure et de contrôle de conformité comporte un dispositif d'aide au positionnement du cadre support.  According to particular embodiments of the invention, in order to facilitate the positioning of the measuring device on the structure, with respect to the impact, the conformity measuring and checking device comprises a support device for positioning the support frame.
Selon des modes particuliers de l'invention, le cadre support comporte des organes de maintien temporaire. De tels organes de maintien temporaire permettent d'immobiliser provisoirement, c'est-à-dire le temps de la mesure, ou des mesures, par le moyen de mesure dimensionnelle optique, le cadre support contre la structure. Les organes de maintien temporaire sont par exemple des ventouses.  According to particular embodiments of the invention, the support frame comprises temporary holding members. Such temporary holding members temporarily immobilize, that is to say the time of measurement, or measurements, by the optical dimensional measurement means, the support frame against the structure. The temporary holding members are for example suckers.
Selon des modes particuliers de l'invention, pour recenser et localiser les impacts dans un référentiel lié à la structure, le dispositif de mesure et de contrôle de conformité comporte un dispositif de géolocalisation. Le dispositif de géolocalisation est par exemple une centrale inertielle.  According to particular embodiments of the invention, in order to identify and locate the impacts in a reference frame linked to the structure, the measurement and conformity control device comprises a geolocation device. The geolocation device is for example an inertial unit.
Selon des modes particuliers de l'invention, pour faciliter sa maniabilité, le dispositif de mesure et de contrôle de conformité comporte un moyen de préhension du cadre support, tel que par exemple une poignée.  According to particular embodiments of the invention, to facilitate its maneuverability, the conformity measuring and checking device comprises a means for gripping the support frame, such as for example a handle.
L'invention est également relative à un procédé de mesure et de contrôle de conformité d'un impact sur une structure au moyen du dispositif de mesure et de contrôle de conformité conforme à l'un de ses modes de réalisation. Ledit procédé comporte les étapes de :  The invention also relates to a method for measuring and checking the conformity of an impact on a structure by means of the device for measuring and checking conformity according to one of its embodiments. Said method comprises the steps of:
- positionnement du cadre support contre une surface de la structure, autour de l'impact,  positioning the support frame against a surface of the structure, around the impact,
- réalisation d'au moins une image par le moyen de mesure dimensionnelle optique,  - Making at least one image by the optical dimensional measuring means,
- traitement de la au moins une image obtenue par l'unité de traitement, afin d'obtenir des mesures dimensionnelles de l'impact, et comparaison des mesures dimensionnelles avec des critères prédéfinis - affichage de l'information relative à la conformité de l'impact sur l'écran de visualisation. processing of the at least one image obtained by the processing unit, in order to obtain dimensional measurements of the impact, and comparison of the dimensional measurements with predefined criteria - display of information about the conformity of the impact on the display screen.
Présentation des figures Presentation of figures
L'invention sera maintenant plus précisément décrite dans le cadre de modes de réalisation préférés, qui n'en sont nullement limitatifs, représentés sur les figures 1 et 2, dans lesquelles : The invention will now be more specifically described in the context of preferred embodiments, which are in no way limiting, represented in FIGS. 1 and 2, in which:
la figure 1 illustre une vue générale d'un exemple de dispositif de mesure et de contrôle de conformité d'un impact suivant l'invention ;  FIG. 1 illustrates a general view of an exemplary device for measuring and checking the conformity of an impact according to the invention;
la figure 2 illustre une vue de face du dispositif de mesure et de contrôle de conformité d'un impact de la figure 1 , en position d'utilisation sur une structure.  FIG. 2 illustrates a front view of the device for measuring and checking conformity of an impact of FIG. 1, in position of use on a structure.
Description détaillée de modes de réalisation de l'invention DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
Le domaine d'application préféré de l'invention, bien que nullement limitatif, est celui du contrôle non-destructif de structures mises en œuvre dans l'aéronautique, notamment de structures en matériau composite stratifié.  The preferred field of application of the invention, although in no way limiting, is that of the non-destructive control of structures used in aeronautics, in particular structures made of laminated composite material.
Plus précisément, et sans se départir du cadre de l'invention, l'invention est appliquée à des structures de grande dimension, telle que par exemple un fuselage d'aéronef.  More specifically, and without departing from the scope of the invention, the invention is applied to large structures, such as for example an aircraft fuselage.
Dans la présente description, les termes tels que supérieur, inférieur, vertical, horizontal, sont utilisés par souci de simplicité, en se référant à l'orientation des différents éléments constitutifs de l'invention présentés sur les figures 1 et 2. Toutefois, sauf indications contraires, ces termes caractérisent seulement la disposition relative de ces éléments, après une rotation imaginaire éventuelle par rapport à l'orientation effective de l'ensemble dans l'espace.  In the present description, terms such as upper, lower, vertical, horizontal, are used for the sake of simplicity, with reference to the orientation of the various constituent elements of the invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. contrary indications, these terms characterize only the relative arrangement of these elements, after an imaginary possible rotation with respect to the effective orientation of the set in space.
La figure 1 illustre un exemple de dispositif 100 de mesure et de contrôle de conformité d'un impact sur une structure. Dans la suite de la description, ce dispositif de mesure et de contrôle de conformité d'un impact sur une structure sera dénommé simplement dispositif de mesure 100.  FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary device 100 for measuring and checking compliance of an impact on a structure. In the remainder of the description, this device for measuring and checking conformity of an impact on a structure will be referred to simply as measuring device 100.
La figure 2 illustre ce dispositif de mesure, en position d'utilisation sur une structure 200. Sur cette figure 2 est donc représentée une structure 200, laquelle structure comporte, au niveau d'une surface 210, un impact 220. FIG. 2 illustrates this measuring device, in position of use on a structure 200. In this figure 2 is therefore shown a structure 200, which structure comprises, at a surface 210, an impact 220.
Le dispositif de mesure 100 est destiné à être rapporté sur la surface 210 de la structure 200 sur laquelle il est posé temporairement.  The measuring device 100 is intended to be attached to the surface 210 of the structure 200 on which it is temporarily placed.
La structure 200 est réalisée indifféremment dans un matériau métallique ou dans un matériau composite stratifié. La structure métallique comporte en effet une composante de déformation plastique qui est mesurable par le dispositif de mesure selon l'invention.  The structure 200 is made indifferently in a metallic material or in a laminated composite material. The metal structure has indeed a plastic deformation component which is measurable by the measuring device according to the invention.
Le dispositif de mesure 100 comporte en premier lieu un cadre support 10.  The measuring device 100 comprises in the first place a support frame 10.
Dans une forme non limitative de l'invention, le cadre support 10 est formé d'une ossature structurale de forme parallélépipédique. Dans l'exemple de la figure 1 , l'ossature est de forme parallélépipédique rectangle.  In a non-limiting form of the invention, the support frame 10 is formed of a structural frame of parallelepiped shape. In the example of Figure 1, the frame is rectangular parallelepiped shape.
L'homme comprendra aisément que l'enseignement de la présente invention est transposable à d'autres formes de réalisation.  Man will readily understand that the teaching of the present invention is transposable to other embodiments.
L'ossature est préférentiellement réalisée à partir d'un assemblage de profilés standards reliés entre eux, et forme par exemple une structure mécano-soudée.  The framework is preferably made from an assembly of standard profiles interconnected, and forms for example a welded structure.
Dans l'exemple de la figure 1 , l'ossature comporte :  In the example of FIG. 1, the frame comprises:
- quatre profilés verticaux 1 1 ,  - four vertical profiles 1 1,
- quatre profilés horizontaux 12 reliant des premières extrémités 1 1 1 des profilés verticaux 1 1 dans une partie supérieure,  four horizontal sections 12 connecting first ends 1 1 1 of vertical sections 1 1 in an upper part,
- quatre profilés horizontaux 12 reliant des secondes extrémités 1 12, opposées auxdites premières extrémités, des profilés verticaux 1 1 dans une partie inférieure.  - Four horizontal sections 12 connecting second ends 1 12, opposite to said first ends, vertical sections 1 1 in a lower part.
Les quatre profilés verticaux 1 1 forment ainsi les arêtes verticales de l'ossature et les huit profilés horizontaux 12 forment les arêtes horizontales de l'ossature.  The four vertical sections 1 1 thus form the vertical edges of the framework and the eight horizontal sections 12 form the horizontal edges of the framework.
Le cadre support 10 présente six faces, une face inférieure, une face supérieure et quatre faces latérales. Chacune des faces est creuse.  The support frame 10 has six faces, a lower face, an upper face and four lateral faces. Each of the faces is hollow.
La face inférieure est délimitée par des faces inférieures des profilés horizontaux. Ladite face inférieure 13 est destinée à être positionnée contre la surface 210 de la structure 200 et forme un plan dit plan de pose 14. Le cadre support 10 définit un volume creux, dans lequel volume est disposé un moyen de mesure dimensionnelle optique 20, décrit ultérieurement. The lower face is delimited by lower faces of the horizontal sections. Said lower face 13 is intended to be positioned against the surface 210 of the structure 200 and forms a plane called laying plane 14. The support frame 10 defines a hollow volume, in which volume is disposed an optical dimensional measuring means 20, described later.
Le cadre support 10 présente des dimensions, en longueur et en largueur, telles que la surface de la face inférieure 13 est supérieure à la surface typique des impacts que l'on trouve sur un fuselage d'aéronef. La hauteur est quant à elle liée au positionnement du moyen de mesure dimensionnelle optique 20 sur ledit cadre support.  The support frame 10 has dimensions, in length and width, such that the surface of the lower face 13 is greater than the typical surface of the impacts found on an aircraft fuselage. The height is in turn related to the positioning of the optical dimensional measuring means 20 on said support frame.
Le cadre support 10 est préférentiellement rigide, d'une part, pour résister mécaniquement aux diverses conditions de manipulation et de transport, et d'autre part, pour supporter les autres éléments constitutifs du dispositif de mesure 100 s'y fixant.  The support frame 10 is preferably rigid, on the one hand, to mechanically withstand the various handling and transport conditions, and on the other hand, to support the other constituent elements of the measuring device 100 attaching thereto.
Le cadre support 10 est également préférentiellement réalisé dans un matériau léger, par exemple en aluminium, pour faciliter sa manipulation et son transport.  The support frame 10 is also preferably made of a light material, for example aluminum, to facilitate handling and transport.
Le moyen de mesure dimensionnelle optique 20 est disposé au niveau de la partie supérieure du cadre support 10 et solidarisé fixement audit cadre support.  The optical dimensional measurement means 20 is disposed at the level of the upper part of the support frame 10 and fixedly secured to said support frame.
Ledit moyen de mesure dimensionnelle optique 20 est dirigé en direction de la face inférieure 13 creuse, c'est-à-dire en direction de l'impact 220 lorsque le dispositif de mesure 100 est positionné contre la surface 210 de la structure 200.  Said optical dimensional measuring means 20 is directed towards the hollow lower face 13, that is to say in the direction of the impact 220 when the measuring device 100 is positioned against the surface 210 of the structure 200.
Ledit moyen de mesure dimensionnelle optique 20 est positionné sur le cadre support 10 à une hauteur telle que le plan de pose 14 dudit cadre support coïncide avec un plan de référence, également dénommé plan focal, du moyen de mesure dimensionnelle optique 20.  Said optical dimensional measuring means 20 is positioned on the support frame 10 at a height such that the laying plane 14 of said support frame coincides with a reference plane, also referred to as a focal plane, of the optical dimensional measuring means 20.
Le cadre support 10 présente ainsi une fonction de mise à distance optimale et automatique du moyen de mesure dimensionnelle optique 20 au regard de la zone mesurée dans laquelle a été détectée un impact.  The support frame 10 thus has an optimal and automatic distance function of the optical dimensional measuring means 20 with respect to the measured area in which an impact has been detected.
Dans un mode préféré de réalisation, le moyen de mesure dimensionnelle optique 20 comporte :  In a preferred embodiment, the optical dimensional measuring means 20 comprises:
- un dispositif de projection d'images 21 configuré pour projeter au moins un motif lumineux en direction de la face inférieure 13 creuse, - un système d'acquisition d'images 22 destiné à réaliser au moins une image du au moins un motif lumineux. an image projection device 21 configured to project at least one luminous pattern towards the hollow lower face 13, an image acquisition system intended to produce at least one image of the at least one luminous pattern.
En d'autres termes, lorsque le dispositif de mesure 100 est en position contre la surface 210 de la structure 200 :  In other words, when the measuring device 100 is in position against the surface 210 of the structure 200:
- le dispositif de projection d'images 21 est configuré pour projeter au moins un motif lumineux en direction de l'impact 220, the image projection device 21 is configured to project at least one luminous pattern towards the impact 220,
- un système d'acquisition d'images 22 destiné à réaliser au moins une image du au moins un motif lumineux qui a été déformé par l'impact 220. an image acquisition system 22 intended to produce at least one image of the at least one luminous pattern which has been deformed by the impact 220.
De préférence, le dispositif de projection d'images 21 est du type dispositif de projection de franges.  Preferably, the image projection device 21 is of the fringe projection device type.
Le dispositif de projection d'images 21 et le système d'acquisition d'images 22 sont fixés, indépendamment l'un de l'autre, au cadre support 10 au moyen d'éléments de fixation (non représentés) de type connus en soi.  The image projection device 21 and the image acquisition system 22 are attached, independently of one another, to the support frame 10 by means of fixing elements (not shown) of known type per se. .
Dans une forme de réalisation, illustré sur la figure 2, le dispositif de projection d'images 21 est positionné sur le cadre support 10, de façon à ce que le motif soit projeté sur l'impact 220 de la structure 200 selon une direction de projection non perpendiculaire au plan de pose 14. Le système d'acquisition d'images 22 est positionné sur le cadre support 10, de façon à être en regard de la structure 200.  In one embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 2, the image projection device 21 is positioned on the support frame 10, so that the pattern is projected onto the impact 220 of the structure 200 in a direction of projection not perpendicular to the laying plane 14. The image acquisition system 22 is positioned on the support frame 10, so as to be opposite the structure 200.
Le dispositif de projection d'images 21 peut être un pico-projecteur, de faible puissance, mais disposant d'une grande quantité de points afin de garantir une résolution suffisante pour la mesure à réaliser. Un tel dispositif de projection d'images est avantageusement de faible coût, présente un faible encombrement et un poids réduit, contribuant à la portabilité du dispositif de mesure complet.  The image projection device 21 may be a pico-projector, of low power, but having a large amount of points to ensure sufficient resolution for the measurement to be made. Such an image projection device is advantageously of low cost, has a small footprint and a reduced weight, contributing to the portability of the complete measuring device.
Le système d'acquisition d'images 22 peut être un appareil de photographie numérique ou bien une caméra matricielle apte à réaliser une image du motif projeté sur l'impact à analyser présentant une bonne résolution de mesure de la profondeur. Ce système d'acquisition d'images peut permettre la réalisation d'images, par exemple, de 1280 x 1024 pixels. L'acquisition d'une l'image nécessaire à une mesure est réalisée instantanément. Le dispositif de mesure 100 peut comporter une unité de commande qui assure avantageusement la fonction de pilotage à la fois du dispositif de projection d'images et du système d'acquisition d'images. The image acquisition system 22 may be a digital photography apparatus or a matrix camera capable of producing an image of the projected pattern on the impact to be analyzed having a good resolution of the depth measurement. This image acquisition system can allow the production of images, for example, 1280 x 1024 pixels. The acquisition of an image necessary for a measurement is performed instantly. The measuring device 100 may comprise a control unit which advantageously provides the control function of both the image projection device and the image acquisition system.
Le dispositif de mesure 100 peut comporter une unité de traitement d'images qui assure les fonctions d'analyse des images obtenues par le système d'acquisition d'images et de comparaison avec des critères préétablis. L'unité de traitement d'images comporte par exemple un logiciel apte à réaliser les fonctions classiques liées au traitement d'images. L'unité de traitement d'images est configurée pour fournir les mesures dimensionnelles de l'impact en fonction des images obtenues par le système d'acquisition d'images. Ces mesures dimensionnelles sont comparées avec les critères préétablis.  The measuring device 100 may comprise an image processing unit which performs the image analysis functions obtained by the image acquisition and comparison system with predetermined criteria. The image processing unit comprises, for example software capable of performing the conventional functions related to image processing. The image processing unit is configured to provide the dimensional measurements of the impact based on the images obtained by the image acquisition system. These dimensional measurements are compared with the pre-established criteria.
Le dispositif de mesure 100 peut comporter un écran de visualisation 31 configuré pour fournir un affichage simplifié d'une information relative à la conformité de l'impact analysé, par exemple du type OK/NOK.  The measuring device 100 may comprise a display screen 31 configured to provide a simplified display of information relating to the conformity of the impact analyzed, for example of the OK / NOK type.
Dans un exemple non limitatif de réalisation, l'écran de visualisation 31 comporte :  In a nonlimiting embodiment, the display screen 31 comprises:
- un premier indicateur qui s'active pour indiquer que l'impact répond aux critères prédéfinis,  a first indicator that activates to indicate that the impact meets the predefined criteria,
- un deuxième indicateur qui s'active pour indiquer que l'impact ne répond pas aux critères prédéfinis et qu'une réparation de la structure est requise.  - a second indicator that activates to indicate that the impact does not meet the predefined criteria and that a repair of the structure is required.
Les indicateurs sont, dans une forme de réalisation, un voyant lumineux.  The indicators are, in one embodiment, a light indicator.
Avantageusement, l'unité de commande, l'unité de traitement d'images et l'écran de visualisation 31 sont regroupés dans un seul et même module, dit module de gestion 30.  Advantageously, the control unit, the image processing unit and the display screen 31 are grouped together in one and the same module, called the management module 30.
Le module de gestion 30 est préférentiellement disposé sur le cadre support 10, comme illustré sur la figure 1 .  The management module 30 is preferably disposed on the support frame 10, as illustrated in FIG.
De préférence, le module de gestion 30 présente une dimension telle qu'il peut être installé sur le cadre support 10, par exemple sur la face supérieure. L'acquisition, le traitement et la visualisation de l'information relative à la conformité de l'impact analysé peuvent alors être réalisés sur place, en temps réel, à proximité de l'aéronef concerné, en un temps minimum, de l'ordre de quelques dizaines de secondes. Preferably, the management module 30 has a dimension such that it can be installed on the support frame 10, for example on the upper face. The acquisition, processing and visualization of the information relating to the conformity of the analyzed impact can then be carried out on place, in real time, near the aircraft concerned, in a minimum time, of the order of a few tens of seconds.
Dans une forme de réalisation, le module de gestion 30 est lié fixement avec le cadre support.  In one embodiment, the management module 30 is fixedly connected with the support frame.
Dans une autre forme de réalisation, le module de gestion 30 est configuré pour être maintenu de manière amovible sur le cadre support 10.  In another embodiment, the management module 30 is configured to be removably supported on the support frame 10.
Le module de gestion 30 peut ainsi être découplé du cadre support 10, comme illustré figure 1 , pour permettre à l'opérateur de le tenir en main ou de le fixer à un endroit plus adapté comme, par exemple, sur l'avant bras de l'opérateur.  The management module 30 can thus be decoupled from the support frame 10, as shown in FIG. 1, to enable the operator to hold it in his hand or to fix it at a more suitable place, such as, for example, on the forearm of the the operator.
Dans une variante de réalisation, le module de gestion 30 est apte à s'orienter indépendamment du cadre support 10. Le module de gestion 30 comporte par exemple un système mécanique de rotation permettant de l'orienter dans l'espace de toutes les façons possibles.  In an alternative embodiment, the management module 30 is able to orient itself independently of the support frame 10. The management module 30 comprises for example a mechanical rotation system for orienting it in space in all possible ways .
Afin de s'affranchir des contraintes liées aux câbles d'alimentation électriques du dispositif de projection d'images 21 , du système d'acquisition d'images 22, du module de gestion 30 et d'assurer son autonomie, le dispositif de mesure 100 peut comporter un module d'alimentation électrique (non représenté).  In order to overcome the constraints related to the power supply cables of the image projection device 21, the image acquisition system 22, the management module 30 and to ensure its autonomy, the measuring device 100 may include a power supply module (not shown).
Dans un exemple préféré de réalisation, le module d'alimentation électrique comprend au moins une batterie, rechargeable ou non.  In a preferred embodiment, the power supply module comprises at least one battery, rechargeable or not.
De préférence, le module d'alimentation électrique est configuré pour être maintenu de manière amovible sur le cadre support, par exemple dans le volume creux du cadre support.  Preferably, the power supply module is configured to be removably supported on the support frame, for example in the hollow volume of the support frame.
Le dispositif de mesure 100 peut également comporter, au niveau de la partie inférieure du cadre support 10, des organes de maintien temporaire 50 à la surface 210 de la structure 200 à analyser. De tels organes de maintien temporaire offrent un double rôle. D'une part, lesdits organes de maintien temporaire permettent avantageusement de stabiliser le cadre support 10 contre la surface 210 de la structure 200 pendant la mesure, pour ne pas perturber celle-ci. Les organes de maintien temporaire 50 permettent d'autre part de protéger la surface 210 de la structure 200 d'éventuelles rayures, que ce soit lors du positionnement du dispositif de mesure 100 sur la surface 210 ou lors de son retrait. The measuring device 100 may also comprise, at the level of the lower part of the support frame 10, temporary holding members 50 on the surface 210 of the structure 200 to be analyzed. Such temporary holding members have a dual role. On the one hand, said temporary holding members advantageously make it possible to stabilize the support frame 10 against the surface 210 of the structure 200 during the measurement, so as not to disturb it. The temporary holding members 50 also make it possible to protect the surface 210 of the structure 200 from any scratches, which this is when positioning the measuring device 100 on the surface 210 or during removal.
Dans un exemple de réalisation d'un organe de maintien temporaire 50, ledit organe de maintien est une ventouse.  In an exemplary embodiment of a temporary holding member 50, said holding member is a suction cup.
Dans l'exemple de la figure 1 , le cadre support 10 comporte quatre organes de maintien temporaire 50.  In the example of FIG. 1, the support frame 10 comprises four temporary holding members 50.
Dans le cas où le cadre support 10 comporte de tels organes de maintien temporaire, le plan de pose 14 du cadre support 10 correspond au plan formé par des faces inférieures des organes de maintien temporaire 50.  In the case where the support frame 10 comprises such temporary holding members, the laying plane 14 of the support frame 10 corresponds to the plane formed by lower faces of the temporary holding members 50.
Afin de faciliter la prise en main du dispositif de mesure 100 par l'opérateur, ledit dispositif de mesure peut comporter au moins un élément de préhension 40.  In order to facilitate the handling of the measuring device 100 by the operator, said measuring device may comprise at least one gripping element 40.
Dans l'exemple de la figure 1 , le dispositif de mesure 100 comporte deux éléments de préhension 40, chacun sous la forme d'une poignée. Les deux poignées sont positionnées sur deux faces latérales opposées du cadre support, chaque poignée étant fixée sur deux profilés verticaux du cadre support. Chaque poignée est ainsi destinée à être empoignée par une main de l'opérateur.  In the example of Figure 1, the measuring device 100 comprises two gripping elements 40, each in the form of a handle. The two handles are positioned on two opposite sides of the support frame, each handle being fixed on two vertical profiles of the support frame. Each handle is thus intended to be gripped by a hand of the operator.
Afin de faciliter le positionnement du dispositif de mesure 100 sur la surface de la structure, autour de l'impact, ledit dispositif de mesure peut comporter un dispositif d'aide au positionnement (non représenté) du cadre support 10.  In order to facilitate the positioning of the measuring device 100 on the surface of the structure, around the impact, said measuring device may comprise a positioning aid device (not shown) of the support frame 10.
Dans un exemple de réalisation, ledit dispositif d'aide au positionnement consiste en un affichage, sur l'écran de visualisation 31 , du champ de vision du système d'acquisition d'images 22 couplé à une croix de centrage.  In an exemplary embodiment, said positioning aid device consists of a display, on the display screen 31, of the field of view of the image acquisition system 22 coupled to a centering cross.
Afin de s'affranchir des sources lumineuses extérieures qui pourraient perturber les mesures, telles que par exemple le soleil, les réflexions parasites, le dispositif de mesure 100 peut comporter un cache (non représenté) prévu pour revêtir la face supérieure et les faces latérales du cadre support 10, à l'exception de la face inférieure creuse.  In order to overcome external light sources which could disturb the measurements, such as for example the sun, spurious reflections, the measuring device 100 may comprise a cover (not shown) provided for coating the upper face and the lateral faces of the support frame 10, with the exception of the hollow underside.
Le dispositif de mesure 100 peut également comporter un dispositif de géolocalisation (non représenté) de l'impact 220 dans un repère aéronef, par exemple en référence à une structure interne du fuselage. Un tel dispositif de géolocalisation permet avantageusement de répertorier et de localiser les impacts 220 dans le repère aéronef. Les mesures réalisées par le dispositif de géolocalisation sont effectuées simultanément et en parallèle des mesures dimensionnelles de l'impact par le moyen de mesure dimensionnelle optique 20. The measuring device 100 may also comprise a geolocation device (not shown) of the impact 220 in an aircraft mark, by example with reference to an internal structure of the fuselage. Such a geolocation device advantageously makes it possible to list and locate the impacts 220 in the aircraft mark. The measurements made by the geolocation device are performed simultaneously and in parallel dimensional measurements of the impact by the optical dimensional measurement means 20.
Dans un exemple de réalisation, le dispositif de géolocalisation est une centrale inertielle.  In an exemplary embodiment, the geolocation device is an inertial unit.
Le dispositif de mesure 100 suivant l'invention peut être avantageusement utilisé par tout opérateur, comme un personnel au sol d'un aéroport, de la manière suivante.  The measuring device 100 according to the invention can be advantageously used by any operator, such as a ground staff of an airport, as follows.
Le dispositif de mesure 100 est tout d'abord positionné sur la structure 200. Le dispositif de mesure 100 est disposé sur la structure 200 par l'opérateur de sorte à positionner la face inférieure creuse 14 du cadre support 10, ou la face inférieures des organes de maintien temporaire 50 lorsqu'ils sont présents, contre la surface 210 de la structure 200 et à centrer l'impact 220 dans le champ de vision du système d'acquisition d'images 22.  The measuring device 100 is first positioned on the structure 200. The measuring device 100 is arranged on the structure 200 by the operator so as to position the hollow lower face 14 of the support frame 10, or the lower face of the temporary holding members 50 when present against the surface 210 of the structure 200 and centering the impact 220 in the field of view of the image acquisition system 22.
Une mesure est ensuite réalisée avec le moyen de mesure dimensionnelle optique 20.  A measurement is then performed with the optical dimensional measuring means 20.
Dans un mode de mise en œuvre, l'opérateur lance la mesure par exemple en appuyant sur un bouton 41 situé sur un élément de préhension 40, ou en appuyant sur une icône sur l'écran de visualisation 31 .  In one embodiment, the operator initiates the measurement, for example by pressing a button 41 located on a gripping element 40, or by pressing an icon on the display screen 31.
Le dispositif de projection d'images 21 projette un motif lumineux sur la structure 200, à l'endroit de l'impact 220. Le système d'acquisition d'images 22 réalise une image de ce motif lumineux projeté sur l'impact.  The image projection device 21 projects a luminous pattern onto the structure 200, at the location of the impact 220. The image acquisition system 22 makes an image of this projected light pattern on the impact.
Dans un mode de mise en œuvre de l'invention, le motif lumineux est projeté pendant un intervalle de temps prédéfini non ponctuel, c'est-à-dire un intervalle continu de plusieurs secondes. On réalise l'image du motif projeté sur l'impact au cours de cet intervalle de temps. Dans un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, le dispositif de projection d'images 21 est synchronisé avec le système d'acquisition d'images 22, ce qui permet de réaliser une image à l'instant même où le motif est projeté sur la structure. Cette synchronisation est réalisée à une vitesse telle que l'image enregistrée soit nette, c'est-à-dire non floue. In one embodiment of the invention, the light pattern is projected during a predefined non-point time interval, that is to say a continuous interval of several seconds. The image of the projected pattern is made on the impact during this time interval. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the image projection device 21 is synchronized with the image acquisition system 22, which makes it possible to produce an image at the instant when the pattern is projected onto the structure. This synchronization is performed at a speed such that the recorded image is clear, that is to say not blurred.
Dans une variante de mise en œuvre, pour améliorer la qualité du traitement, le système d'acquisition d'images peut réaliser une pluralité d'images pendant la projection du motif lumineux par le dispositif de projection d'images 21 .  In an implementation variant, to improve the quality of the processing, the image acquisition system can produce a plurality of images during the projection of the light pattern by the image projection device 21.
Dans une autre variante de mise en œuvre, pour améliorer la qualité du traitement, le dispositif de projection d'images 21 projette successivement plusieurs motifs lumineux sur la structure, et le système d'acquisition d'images réalise une ou plusieurs images pendant la projection de chaque motif lumineux.  In another variant of implementation, to improve the quality of the processing, the image projection device 21 successively projects several light patterns onto the structure, and the image acquisition system produces one or more images during the projection. of each luminous pattern.
Une fois la(les) mesure(s) réalisée(s), celle(s)-ci est(sont) enregistrée(s) puis traitée(s) par l'unité de traitement.  Once the measurement (s) are carried out, that (s) is (are) recorded (s) and then processed (s) by the processing unit.
Dans un exemple de mise en œuvre, ce traitement peut consister en plusieurs phases :  In an exemplary implementation, this treatment can consist of several phases:
- calcul de la surface 3D,  - calculation of the 3D surface,
- orthogonalisation,  orthogonalization,
- dégauchissage, extraction du minimum,  - alignment, extraction of the minimum,
- calcul des sections,  - calculation of sections,
- traitements sur les sections pour calculs des caractéristiques de l'impact.  - treatments on the sections for calculations of the characteristics of the impact.
A l'issue du traitement de(s) l'image(s), la géométrie de la zone de la structure analysée est ainsi mesurée dans les trois dimensions de l'espace. Les mesures dimensionnelles de l'impact 220 peuvent donc en être déduites.  At the end of the processing of the image (s), the geometry of the zone of the analyzed structure is thus measured in the three dimensions of the space. The dimensional measurements of the impact 220 can therefore be deduced.
Ces mesures dimensionnelles sont ensuite comparées avec les critères prédéterminés et le résultat de cette comparaison est ensuite affiché sur l'écran de visualisation 31 de manière simplifiée.  These dimensional measurements are then compared with the predetermined criteria and the result of this comparison is then displayed on the display screen 31 in a simplified manner.
Si les mesures dimensionnelles de l'impact répondent aux critères prédéfinis, le premier indicateur s'active, synonyme de conformité de l'impact.  If the dimensional measures of the impact meet the predefined criteria, the first indicator is activated, synonymous with conformity of the impact.
Si les mesures dimensionnelles de l'impact ne répondent pas aux critères prédéfinis, le deuxième indicateur s'active, synonyme d'une non- conformité de l'impact, alertant immédiatement l'opérateur de la nécessité d'une intervention sur la structure comportant cet impact. L'opérateur peut ensuite retire le dispositif de mesure et procéder au contrôle d'un nouvel impact. If the dimensional measurements of the impact do not meet the predefined criteria, the second indicator is activated, synonymous with non-compliance of the impact, immediately alerting the operator of the need for an intervention on the structure comprising this impact. The operator can then remove the measuring device and check for a new impact.
Un tel dispositif de mesure permet de mesurer une profondeur d'impact de l'ordre du dixième de millimètre. La description ci-avant illustre clairement que par ses différentes caractéristiques et leurs avantages, la présente invention atteint les objectifs qu'elle s'était fixés. En particulier, elle propose un dispositif de mesure portatif et peu encombrant permettant d'automatiser l'opération de mesure dimensionnelle d'un impact sur une structure et d'informer en temps réel l'opérateur du résultat de sa mesure par un affichage simplifié du type OK/NOK. De plus, le dispositif de mesure est facilement utilisable par un opérateur non qualifié. Ainsi, un personnel au sol dans un aéroport, quel qu'il soit, muni de ce dispositif de mesure, peut l'appréhender rapidement et l'utiliser pour déterminer si l'impact visible sur la structure est critique ou non.  Such a measuring device makes it possible to measure an impact depth of the order of one tenth of a millimeter. The above description clearly illustrates that by its different characteristics and advantages, the present invention achieves the objectives it has set for itself. In particular, it proposes a portable and space-saving measurement device for automating the dimensional measurement operation of an impact on a structure and to inform the operator in real time of the result of his measurement by a simplified display of the OK / NOK type. In addition, the measuring device is easily used by an unqualified operator. Thus, ground personnel at any airport equipped with this measurement device can quickly apprehend it and use it to determine whether the visible impact on the structure is critical or not.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 - Dispositif (100) de mesure et de contrôle de conformité d'un impact (220) sur une structure (200) comportant : 1 - Device (100) for measuring and controlling compliance of an impact (220) on a structure (200) comprising:
un cadre support (10) comportant une face inférieure creuse (13) destinée à être positionnée, en regard de l'impact (220), contre une surface (210) de la structure (200), la face inférieure creuse définissant un plan de pose (14),  a support frame (10) having a hollow lower face (13) intended to be positioned opposite the impact (220) against a surface (210) of the structure (200), the hollow underside defining a plane of pose (14),
un moyen de mesure dimensionnelle optique (20) configuré pour être dirigé en direction de la face inférieure creuse (13), ledit moyen de mesure dimensionnelle optique étant positionné sur le cadre support (10) à une distance telle que le plan de pose (14) coïncide avec un plan de référence dudit moyen de mesure dimensionnelle optique,  an optical dimensional measuring means (20) configured to be directed towards the hollow underside (13), said optical dimensional measuring means being positioned on the support frame (10) at a distance such that the laying plane (14) ) coincides with a reference plane of said optical dimensional measuring means,
un module de gestion (30), installé sur le cadre support, comportant :  a management module (30), installed on the support frame, comprising:
- une unité de traitement d'au moins une image obtenue par le moyen de mesure dimensionnelle optique (20), a unit for processing at least one image obtained by the optical dimensional measurement means (20),
- un écran de visualisation (31 ) destiné à délivrer une information relative à la conformité de l'impact. - A display screen (31) for delivering information on the conformity of the impact.
2 - Dispositif selon la revendication 1 dans lequel le moyen de mesure dimensionnelle optique (20) comporte :  2 - Device according to claim 1 wherein the optical dimensional measuring means (20) comprises:
un dispositif de projection d'images (21 ) configuré pour projeter au moins un motif lumineux en direction de la face inférieure creuse (13),  an image projection device (21) configured to project at least one luminous pattern towards the hollow underside (13),
un système d'acquisition d'images (22) destiné à réaliser au moins une image du au moins un motif lumineux.  an image acquisition system (22) for producing at least one image of the at least one light pattern.
3 - Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans lequel le module de gestion (30) est configuré pour être maintenu de manière amovible sur le cadre support (10).  3 - Device according to one of the preceding claims wherein the management module (30) is configured to be held removably on the support frame (10).
4 - Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes comportant un module d'alimentation électrique du module de gestion (30) et du moyen de mesure dimensionnelle optique (20). Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes comportant un dispositif d'aide au positionnement du cadre support (10). 4 - Device according to one of the preceding claims comprising a power supply module of the management module (30) and the optical dimensional measuring means (20). Device according to one of the preceding claims comprising a support device for positioning the support frame (10).
Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans lequel le cadre support (10) comporte des organes de maintien temporaire (50). Device according to one of the preceding claims wherein the support frame (10) comprises temporary holding members (50).
Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes comportant un dispositif de géolocalisation. Device according to one of the preceding claims comprising a geolocation device.
Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes comportant un moyen de préhension (40) du cadre support.  Device according to one of the preceding claims comprising a gripping means (40) of the support frame.
Procédé de mesure et de contrôle de conformité d'un impact (220) sur une structure (200) au moyen d'un dispositif de mesure et de contrôle de conformité conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 8, comportant les étapes de :  A method of measuring and controlling conformity of an impact (220) on a structure (200) by means of a conformity measuring and checking device according to one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
positionnement du cadre support (10) contre une surface (210) de la structure (200),  positioning the support frame (10) against a surface (210) of the structure (200),
réalisation d'au moins une image par le moyen de mesure dimensionnelle optique (200),  producing at least one image by the optical dimensional measuring means (200),
traitement de la au moins une image obtenue par l'unité de traitement et comparaison avec des critères prédéfinis,  processing the at least one image obtained by the processing unit and comparison with predefined criteria,
affichage de l'information relative à la conformité de l'impact (220) sur l'écran de visualisation (31 ).  displaying impact conformity information (220) on the display screen (31).
PCT/FR2016/053337 2015-12-17 2016-12-12 Device for the measurement and compliance monitoring of an impact on a structure WO2017103408A2 (en)

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FR1562581A FR3045828B1 (en) 2015-12-17 2015-12-17 DEVICE FOR MEASURING AND MONITORING THE CONFORMITY OF AN IMPACT ON A STRUCTURE
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DE9111127U1 (en) * 1991-09-07 1992-01-16 Lukassen Flughafentechnik Gmbh, 7603 Oppenau, De
US5311286A (en) * 1992-04-01 1994-05-10 Materials Technologies Corporation Apparatus and method for optically measuring a surface
DE10122313A1 (en) * 2001-05-08 2002-11-21 Wolfgang P Weinhold Method and device for the contactless examination of an object, in particular with regard to its surface shape
FR2868156B1 (en) * 2004-03-25 2006-11-10 Airbus France Sas METHOD AND DEVICE FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE CONTROL OF STRUCTURE STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE STRUCTURE DAMAGE BY THE SHADOW MOIRE PRINCIPLE
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