EP1907790A2 - Method for measuring a shape anomaly on an aircraft structural panel and system therefor - Google Patents

Method for measuring a shape anomaly on an aircraft structural panel and system therefor

Info

Publication number
EP1907790A2
EP1907790A2 EP06794496A EP06794496A EP1907790A2 EP 1907790 A2 EP1907790 A2 EP 1907790A2 EP 06794496 A EP06794496 A EP 06794496A EP 06794496 A EP06794496 A EP 06794496A EP 1907790 A2 EP1907790 A2 EP 1907790A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anomaly
images
panel
target pattern
imaging devices
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06794496A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Nicolas Fournier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Operations SAS
Original Assignee
Airbus Operations SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Airbus Operations SAS filed Critical Airbus Operations SAS
Publication of EP1907790A2 publication Critical patent/EP1907790A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
    • G01B11/167—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by projecting a pattern on the object
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G01B11/25—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures by projecting a pattern, e.g. one or more lines, moiré fringes on the object
    • G01B11/2545—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures by projecting a pattern, e.g. one or more lines, moiré fringes on the object with one projection direction and several detection directions, e.g. stereo

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for measuring a shape anomaly on a panel of an aircraft. It also relates to a portable system for implementing this method.
  • the system and method relate to anomalies resulting from the manufacture of a panel, the assembly of several panels or a collision on a panel when the aircraft is in service.
  • the invention has applications in the field of the measurement of shape anomalies, especially on panels of large structures such as an aircraft structure.
  • STATE OF THE ART In aircraft construction, it is conventional that the aircraft are made from a multitude of panels assembled with each other. There are wing panels, fuselage panels, drift panels, and so on.
  • the geometry of a panel does not exactly correspond to the geometry of the panel (s) with which it must be assembled. For example, the thickness of a panel may not exactly match the space provided between other panels so that it can be inserted easily.
  • the operators carrying out the assembly have two possibilities: - either they return the panel which is not suitable for the manufacturing workshop so that it is re-machined, which can require a relatively important time and therefore a delay in the assembly time;
  • one side of a panel is not completely flat at the time of manufacture or that it is impacted during transport between the manufacturing plant and the assembly plant.
  • anomalies of shape when the aircraft is in service for example following an impact with a bird.
  • a shape anomaly may have, depending on its location and its dimensions, consequences on the safety of the aircraft and / or the aesthetics of the aircraft.
  • the existence of a defect in shape is usually seen by the maintenance operators or by the assembly operators of the aircraft.
  • an anomaly When an anomaly is identified, it must be sized to determine the consequences that it can lead to and decide on the correction to be made.
  • there is no automatic way to size such an anomaly that is to say, to measure the geometry of such an anomaly.
  • the anomalies are evaluated manually by the operator.
  • One of the manual techniques for evaluating a shape anomaly is to pour hot wax into the deformed portion of the panel, to dry the wax until it hardens and then to unmold to obtain a imprint of the anomaly.
  • the dimensions of the anomaly can then be deduced from this imprint.
  • Such a method is relatively imprecise since the dimensions are obtained from the imprint of the anomaly and not from the anomaly itself.
  • this method is tedious and difficult to implement, especially when the anomaly is located in an inaccessible place as, for example, on the upper panel of the fuselage or on a vertical panel where the melted wax tends to run along the panel before drying.
  • This system has two CCD cameras that each realize a sequence of images of the deformation. More specifically, each CCD camera performs a succession of images of the pattern throughout the deformation period of the piece.
  • the image sequence thus obtained is processed by an image processing device that reconstructs the image of the deformed piece in 3D, using the principle of triangulation. For this, the image processing device identifies all the points of an image of each sequence, then searches for these points in all the images of the two image sequences and finally seeks the displacement of these points to determine the deformation of the image. room.
  • the invention proposes a method of automatically measuring a shape anomaly on a panel of an aircraft structure, requiring no pattern painting on this panel.
  • This method proposes to measure the shape of a panel by studying the position of points of a pattern projected on the surface of the panel.
  • a target pattern is projected onto the panel to be checked, two instantaneous images of this projected pattern are produced, according to different angles of view of the panel, and then these images are processed by stereocorrelation of images.
  • the invention relates to a method for measuring a shape anomaly on a panel of an aircraft structure, characterized in that it comprises the following operations: projection of a target pattern to the aircraft location of the anomaly on the sign,
  • This method may also include one or more of the following features:
  • the images are transmitted by a transmission link or recorded on a digital recording medium for remote processing.
  • the invention also relates to a system for implementing this method.
  • This system comprises:
  • a projection device capable of projecting a pattern at the location of the anomaly, on the panel, at least two imaging devices able each to produce an image of the target pattern, and
  • This system may also include one or more of the following features:
  • the imaging devices perform an acquisition of images instantly.
  • the system comprises means for synchronizing the projection device and the imaging devices.
  • the imaging devices and the projection device are synchronized at a speed less than or equal to 1/60 second.
  • the imaging devices are placed so as to form, with the projected pattern, a triangle.
  • the system includes a rangefinder.
  • the imaging devices and the projection device are mounted on the same gripping support.
  • the rangefinder is mounted on the gripping support.
  • the system is portable and autonomous.
  • the image processing means is mounted on the gripping support and connected to the imaging devices. -
  • the image processing means is placed at a distance and is adapted to receive, by a transmission link or a digital recording medium, the images of the projected target pattern.
  • - Imaging devices are digital photography devices.
  • the imaging devices are matrix cameras.
  • FIG. 1 represents an example of a system for measuring a shape anomaly on an aircraft panel, according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B show an example of an aircraft radome having a shape anomaly and the image of this anomaly obtained with the method of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 represents an example of an anomaly measurement result obtained with the method of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
  • the invention proposes a method for measuring a shape anomaly on an aircraft panel, in which a target pattern is projected onto the panel to be treated, that is to say on the panel of the airplane presenting the anomaly. that we are trying to measure. Images of this target pattern are made with different shooting angles. These images are then processed according to a stereocorrelation technique. As explained in more detail later, the stereocorrelation technique makes it possible, by means of triangulation measurements, to reconstruct a three-dimensional image of a deformed object, based on two-dimensional images.
  • the invention also proposes a system for measuring a shape anomaly that makes it possible to implement this method.
  • This system comprises two imaging devices for taking images of the same object according to two different angles of view.
  • the object under consideration is an aircraft panel comprising a shape anomaly to be measured. The imaging devices are therefore installed so as to form a triangle with the target pattern projected on the anomaly to be measured.
  • the measurement system of the invention further comprises a device for projecting a target pattern onto the panel to be treated.
  • the target pattern is a mouchetis consisting of a set of black and white spots, of different sizes, placed randomly next to each other.
  • this target pattern is projected onto the panel to be treated, at the location of the anomaly. In other words, it is projected in the area of the panel with the anomaly of shape.
  • the imaging devices each make an image of this target pattern projected onto the panel anomaly.
  • the target pattern is projected during a predefined non-point time interval, that is to say a continuous interval of several seconds, or even several minutes. Images of the projected target pattern are made on the anomaly during this time interval.
  • the projection device of the target pattern is synchronized with the imaging devices, which enables the images to be made at the instant when the target pattern is projected onto the panel. treat. This synchronization is performed at such a speed that the recorded images are sharp, that is to say, not blurred, without the system being placed on any type of support tripod type. This synchronization can be performed, for example, with a synchronization time less than or equal to 1/60 second.
  • the imaging devices are preferably mounted on the same gripping support.
  • FIG. 1 An example of such a system is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the gripping support 1 is a frame, for example made of aluminum, on which the projection device 3 is fixed and, on either side of said projection device 3, the imaging devices 2a and 2b.
  • the projection device 3 is placed in the plane P of the frame, in the center of the frame, so that the target pattern is projected onto the shape anomaly 6 of the panel 5 in a projection direction X, perpendicular to the plane of the frame P.
  • the imaging devices 2a and 2b are not in the plane P of the frame so that their direction of shooting is not parallel to the direction of projection X. More precisely, the directions of taking of the imaging devices 2a and 2b together with the plane
  • the location of the imaging devices in the frame 1, and in particular the angle of inclination of the imaging devices with respect to the plane P of the frame, may vary according to the extent of the anomaly. and how far the grip support is from the panel showing the anomaly.
  • the system allows a measurement of an anomaly at a distance of the order of 1 m to 1.5 m, in a volume of about 600 x 400 x 200 mm 3 .
  • the imaging devices 2a and 2b may be digital photography devices or matrix cameras capable of making snapshots of the target pattern projected on the panel to be treated.
  • instantaneous images are meant two images each produced by a different image taking device, at the same given instant, for example at the moment of projection of the target pattern.
  • These imaging devices may allow the production of images, for example, 1000 x 1000 pixels. The acquisition of the images necessary for the measurement, called acquisition of the measurement, is carried out instantly.
  • the system comprises a rangefinder 4 or any other device that makes it easy to evaluate the distance between the system and the panel to be measured.
  • This rangefinder 4 can be connected to the imaging devices 2a and 2b and to the projection device 3, and synchronized with these devices, thus providing automation of the development of these devices to obtain clear images of the projected target pattern.
  • This rangefinder 4 can also be mounted on the frame 1 of the gripping support, in the plane P of the frame, for example in the center of said frame 1.
  • the measurement system of the invention further comprises stereocorrelation processing means of these images.
  • This processing means can be installed away from the gripping support 1.
  • the images can be recorded on an image recording medium for subsequent processing, remotely.
  • This recording medium may be, for example, a memory card such as those used by current digital photography devices, or a USB key.
  • Images can also be transmitted using image processing, a Bluetooth wireless link, or a Wi-Fi link.
  • an operator can move on the airport with the gripping support equipped with projection and imaging devices to take pictures of one or more anomalies on aircraft in service and then perform the treatment of these images, later, in offices far from the airport.
  • the processing means is sufficiently miniaturized to be installed on the gripping support.
  • the set of shots and treatment can then be carried out on site, close to the aircraft concerned, in a minimum time, of the order of a few minutes.
  • This variant has the advantage of allowing the operator to restart the operation in the event of a shooting problem, for example, if the shooting was not sufficiently clear or if the reference points are not sufficiently representative, etc.
  • the image processing means provides stereocorrelation processing of the two single images of the target pattern, taken at the same time, at two different angles of view.
  • This treatment consists of studying the distribution of the different points of the target pattern in space.
  • the points of the target pattern being on the surface of the panel to be measured, the geometry of this panel, in the three dimensions of the space, is thus measured.
  • the shape anomalies of this panel can therefore be deduced.
  • This image of the geometry of the panel can be obtained in the form of a classic 3D representation along the x, y and z axes. It can also be obtained in the form of a 2D representation along the x and y axes with the z dimension represented by colors.
  • the dimension z which corresponds to the depth of the anomaly is represented by different colors associated, in a color chart, with a scale of the depths.
  • the choice of colors of the color chart can be defined by the operator, from the image processing means.
  • FIGS. 2A show an example of a shape anomaly on an aircraft radome 7.
  • FIG. 2B represents an exemplary image of this shape anomaly obtained with the method of the invention. More precisely, FIG. 2A schematically represents a radome 7 on an aircraft nose, this radome having a d1 reinforcement of elongate shape, shown in a rectangle. This reinforcement d1 constitutes an anomaly of form.
  • FIG. 2B represents the image obtained, with the method of the invention, of this radome with this reinforcement d1. This image shows the general shape of the radome with these different depth levels each represented by a different color. The central circular zone d corresponds to the tip 8 of the radome 7, with the lowest level of depth.
  • Circular areas c2, c3, etc. correspond to the different depth intervals of the radome.
  • a discontinuity d in the circular areas of this image This discontinuity d2 forms a sort of elongated bead crossing, eccentrically, the circular areas of the image.
  • This discontinuity d2 corresponds to the reinforcement d1 on the radome 7 of FIG. 2A.
  • FIG. 3 represents a schematic example of a 3D image that can be obtained with the method of the invention.
  • This image has a two-dimensional grid with measurements in mm on the x and y axes. It also includes the representation of the anomaly, namely a spot T with several color levels corresponding to different depth levels of the anomaly. It also includes a color chart N giving a correspondence between the different colors and levels of depth.
  • the two exterior color levels c10 and c11 of the spot represent a depth of the anomaly between 0 and 0.5 mm, the color level c12 a depth between 0.5 and 1 mm, the color level c13 a depth between 1, 5 and 2 mm, the color level c14 a depth between 2.5 and 3 mm and the color level c15 a depth between 3.5 and 4 mm.
  • This spot T thus shows the shape of the anomaly as well as the depth of the anomaly.
  • the depth tolerance obtained with this method is of the order of 50 micrometers for a surface of some square decimetres.
  • reference points R make it possible to know the exact location of the anomaly on the panel.
  • the R marks correspond to the location of rivets on the panel.
  • snapshots of the target pattern are made with a sufficiently wide view of the area of the panel containing the anomaly so that these images show the environment of the anomaly.
  • the projection device of the target pattern and the imaging devices of said target pattern on the panel to be treated can be mounted on the frame of the gripping support.
  • This frame is preferably made of a light material, which makes it possible to have a Portable automatic system, easily transportable by the operator in the field.
  • This system may have a sufficiently light weight, for example less than 4 kg, requiring the use of any tripod-type support device.
  • Synchronizing the projection device with the imaging devices also makes the system easy to handle. The operator can directly take pictures, holding the system by hand, which makes it easy to deal with areas that are not easily accessible, such as the top of the fuselage or the vertical panels of the aircraft.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a method for measuring a shape anomaly (6) on an aircraft structural panel (5), including the following operations: projecting at the site of the anomaly (6) on the panel (5) a target pattern consisting of an assembly of black and white spots, of different sizes, arranged randomly adjacent one another; producing at least two images of said projected pattern; processing said two images by stereocorrelation to obtain measurements of the anomaly. The invention also concerns a system for implementing said method, comprising: a projecting device (3) for projecting at the site of the anomaly (6) on the panel (5) a target pattern consisting of an assembly of black and white spots, of different sizes, arranged randomly adjacent one another; at least two imaging devices (2a, 2b) for producing each an image of the target pattern; and means for processing said target pattern images.

Description

Procédé de mesure d'une anomalie de forme sur un panneau d'une structure d'aéronef et système de mise en œuvre Method for measuring a shape anomaly on a panel of an aircraft structure and implementation system
Domaine de l'invention L'invention concerne un procédé de mesure d'une anomalie de forme sur un panneau d'un aéronef. Elle concerne également un système portatif pour mettre en œuvre ce procédé. Ce système et ce procédé concernent des anomalies provenant de la fabrication d'un panneau, de l'assemblage de plusieurs panneaux ou d'un choc sur un panneau lorsque l'aéronef est en service.Field of the Invention The invention relates to a method for measuring a shape anomaly on a panel of an aircraft. It also relates to a portable system for implementing this method. The system and method relate to anomalies resulting from the manufacture of a panel, the assembly of several panels or a collision on a panel when the aircraft is in service.
L'invention trouve des applications dans le domaine de la mesure des anomalies de forme, notamment sur des panneaux de structures de grandes dimensions telles qu'une structure aéronef. Etat de la technique En construction aéronautique, il est classique que les aéronefs soient réalisés à partir d'une multitude de panneaux assemblés les uns avec les autres. Il y a notamment des panneaux de voilure, des panneaux de fuselage, des panneaux de dérive, etc. Au moment de l'assemblage de plusieurs panneaux, il arrive que la géométrie d'un panneau ne corresponde pas exactement à la géométrie du ou des panneau(x) avec lesquels il doit être assemblé. Par exemple, l'épaisseur d'un panneau peut ne pas correspondre exactement à l'espace prévu entre d'autres panneaux pour qu'il puisse y être inséré facilement. Dans de tels cas, les opérateurs réalisant le montage ont deux possibilités : - soit ils retournent le panneau qui ne convient pas à l'atelier de fabrication pour qu'il y soit réusiné, ce qui peut nécessiter un temps relativement important et donc un retard dans le délais d'assemblage ;The invention has applications in the field of the measurement of shape anomalies, especially on panels of large structures such as an aircraft structure. STATE OF THE ART In aircraft construction, it is conventional that the aircraft are made from a multitude of panels assembled with each other. There are wing panels, fuselage panels, drift panels, and so on. At the time of assembly of several panels, it happens that the geometry of a panel does not exactly correspond to the geometry of the panel (s) with which it must be assembled. For example, the thickness of a panel may not exactly match the space provided between other panels so that it can be inserted easily. In such cases, the operators carrying out the assembly have two possibilities: - either they return the panel which is not suitable for the manufacturing workshop so that it is re-machined, which can require a relatively important time and therefore a delay in the assembly time;
- soit ils assemblent les panneaux par forçage, ce qui peut entraîner une déformation d'un des panneaux. II résulte alors des anomalies de forme, ou irrégularités de forme, provenant de l'assemblage des panneaux.or they assemble the panels by forcing, which can cause a deformation of one of the panels. It then results in shape anomalies, or irregularities in shape, from the assembly of the panels.
Il peut arriver aussi qu'une face d'un panneau ne soit pas totalement plane au moment de la fabrication ou qu'elle subisse un choc au moment du transport entre l'usine de fabrication et l'usine de montage. II peut également se produire des anomalies de forme lorsque l'aéronef est en service, par exemple à la suite d'un choc avec un volatile.It may also happen that one side of a panel is not completely flat at the time of manufacture or that it is impacted during transport between the manufacturing plant and the assembly plant. There may also be anomalies of shape when the aircraft is in service, for example following an impact with a bird.
Quelle que soit son origine, une anomalie de forme peut avoir, en fonction de son emplacement et de ses dimensions, des conséquences sur la sécurité de l'aéronef et/ou sur l'esthétique de l'aéronef. L'existence d'une anomalie de forme est repérée généralement à l'œil nu par les opérateurs d'entretien ou par les opérateurs d'assemblage de l'aéronef. Lorsqu'une anomalie est repérée, elle doit être dimensionnée afin de déterminer les conséquences qu'elle peut entraîner et de décider de la correction à lui apporter. Actuellement, il n'existe aucun moyen automatique pour dimensionner une telle anomalie, c'est-à-dire pour mesurer la géométrie d'une telle anomalie. A ce jour, les anomalies sont évaluées manuellement par l'opérateur. Une des techniques manuelles d'évaluation d'une anomalie de forme consiste à faire couler de la cire chaude dans la partie déformée du panneau, à faire sécher cette cire jusqu'à ce qu'elle durcisse puis à la démouler afin d'obtenir une empreinte de l'anomalie. Les dimensions de l'anomalie peuvent ensuite être déduites de cette empreinte. Une telle méthode est relativement imprécise puisque les dimensions sont obtenues à partir de l'empreinte de l'anomalie et non de l'anomalie elle-même. En outre, cette méthode est fastidieuse et difficile à mettre en place, en particulier lorsque l'anomalie est située dans un endroit peu accessible comme, par exemple, sur le panneau supérieur du fuselage ou sur un panneau vertical où la cire fondue a tendance à couler le long du panneau avant de sécher.Whatever its origin, a shape anomaly may have, depending on its location and its dimensions, consequences on the safety of the aircraft and / or the aesthetics of the aircraft. The existence of a defect in shape is usually seen by the maintenance operators or by the assembly operators of the aircraft. When an anomaly is identified, it must be sized to determine the consequences that it can lead to and decide on the correction to be made. Currently, there is no automatic way to size such an anomaly, that is to say, to measure the geometry of such an anomaly. To date, the anomalies are evaluated manually by the operator. One of the manual techniques for evaluating a shape anomaly is to pour hot wax into the deformed portion of the panel, to dry the wax until it hardens and then to unmold to obtain a imprint of the anomaly. The dimensions of the anomaly can then be deduced from this imprint. Such a method is relatively imprecise since the dimensions are obtained from the imprint of the anomaly and not from the anomaly itself. In addition, this method is tedious and difficult to implement, especially when the anomaly is located in an inaccessible place as, for example, on the upper panel of the fuselage or on a vertical panel where the melted wax tends to run along the panel before drying.
On connaît par ailleurs des procédés utilisés pour mesurer des déformations. L'un de ces procédés, basé sur la stéréocorrélation d'images, est décrit dans l'article « 3D déformation measurement using stéréocorrélation applied to expérimental mechanics » de D. Garcia et JJ. Orteu, The 10th FIG International Symposium on déformation Measurements, March 2001 , Orange, California, USA. Un tel procédé propose de peindre un motif spécifique, ou cible, sur une pièce dont on veut mesurer la déformation. Une fois le motif peint, on fait subir à cette pièce une déformation, par exemple en étirant la pièce ou en la faisant vriller. Le motif peint se déforme en même temps que la pièce. Un système de mesure de la déformation permet alors de mesurer la déformation subie par le motif et donc par la pièce. Ce système comporte deux caméras de type CCD qui réalisent chacune une séquence d'images de la déformation. Plus précisément, chaque caméra CCD réalise une succession d'images du motif pendant toute la période de déformation de la pièce. La séquence d'images ainsi obtenue est traitée par un dispositif de traitement d'images qui reconstruit l'image de la pièce déformée en 3D, en utilisant le principe de triangulation. Pour cela, le dispositif de traitement d'image identifie tous les points d'une image de chaque séquence, puis recherche ces points dans toutes les images des deux séquences d'images et enfin recherche le déplacement de ces points pour déterminer la déformation de la pièce. Cependant, un tel système de mesure des déformations nécessite de peindre un motif sur la pièce à mesurer, ce qui n'est pas réalisable sur un panneau d'aéronef, en particulier dans le cas où l'aéronef est déjà en service, car cela nécessiterait de nettoyer ensuite ce motif pour qu'il ne soit pas visible sur l'aéronef. En effet, chaque compagnie aérienne a généralement un logo et des décorations particulières, spécifiques à la compagnie, qui doivent être identiques d'un avion à l'autre. La présence d'un motif, ou cible, sur certains panneaux d'avions empêcherait cette similarité des logos et décorations des avions d'une même compagnie. Il est donc difficilement envisageable de peindre un motif sur tous les panneaux d'avion présentant une anomalie de forme. Exposé de l'inventionProcesses used to measure deformations are also known. One of these methods, based on stereocorrelation of images, is described in the article "3D deformation measurement using stereocorrelation applied to experimental mechanics" by D. Garcia and JJ. Orteu, The 10th FIG International Symposium on Deformation Measurements, March 2001, Orange, California, USA. Such a method proposes to paint a specific pattern, or target, on a part whose deformation is to be measured. Once the pattern is painted, the piece is deformed, for example by stretching the piece or twisting it. The painted motif is deformed at the same time as the piece. A system for measuring the deformation then makes it possible to measure the deformation undergone by the pattern and therefore by the part. This system has two CCD cameras that each realize a sequence of images of the deformation. More specifically, each CCD camera performs a succession of images of the pattern throughout the deformation period of the piece. The image sequence thus obtained is processed by an image processing device that reconstructs the image of the deformed piece in 3D, using the principle of triangulation. For this, the image processing device identifies all the points of an image of each sequence, then searches for these points in all the images of the two image sequences and finally seeks the displacement of these points to determine the deformation of the image. room. However, such a system for measuring deformations requires painting a pattern on the part to be measured, which is not possible on an aircraft panel, particularly in the case where the aircraft is already in service, because that would require then to clean this pattern so that it is not visible on the aircraft. Indeed, each airline usually has a logo and special decorations, specific to the company, which must be identical from one aircraft to another. The presence of a pattern, or target, on some aircraft panels would prevent this similarity of the logos and decorations of the aircraft of the same company. It is therefore difficult to imagine painting a pattern on all aircraft panels with an anomaly shape. Presentation of the invention
L'invention a justement pour but de remédier aux inconvénients des techniques exposées précédemment. Pour cela, l'invention propose un procédé de mesure automatique d'une anomalie de forme sur un panneau d'une structure d'aéronef, ne nécessitant aucune peinture de motif sur ce panneau. Ce procédé propose de mesurer la forme d'un panneau en étudiant la position de points d'un motif projeté à la surface du panneau. Selon ce procédé, on projette un motif cible sur le panneau à vérifier, on réalise deux images instantanées de ce motif projeté, selon des angles de prise de vue différents du panneau, puis on traite ces images par stéréocorrélation d'images.The purpose of the invention is precisely to overcome the disadvantages of the techniques described above. For this, the invention proposes a method of automatically measuring a shape anomaly on a panel of an aircraft structure, requiring no pattern painting on this panel. This method proposes to measure the shape of a panel by studying the position of points of a pattern projected on the surface of the panel. According to this method, a target pattern is projected onto the panel to be checked, two instantaneous images of this projected pattern are produced, according to different angles of view of the panel, and then these images are processed by stereocorrelation of images.
De façon plus précise, l'invention concerne un procédé de mesure d'une anomalie de forme sur un panneau d'une structure d'aéronef, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte les opérations suivantes : - projection d'un motif cible à l'emplacement de l'anomalie sur le panneau,More specifically, the invention relates to a method for measuring a shape anomaly on a panel of an aircraft structure, characterized in that it comprises the following operations: projection of a target pattern to the aircraft location of the anomaly on the sign,
- réalisation d'au moins deux images de ce motif cible projeté,- making at least two images of this projected target pattern,
- traitement de ces deux images par stéréocorrelation pour obtenir des mesures de la géométrie de l'anomalie. Ce procédé peut comporter également une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes :treatment of these two images by stereocorrelation to obtain measurements of the geometry of the anomaly. This method may also include one or more of the following features:
- les images sont acquises instantanément.- the images are acquired instantly.
- les images sont transmises par une liaison de transmission ou enregistrées sur un support d'enregistrement numérique pour être traitées à distance.the images are transmitted by a transmission link or recorded on a digital recording medium for remote processing.
L'invention concerne également un système permettant de mettre en œuvre ce procédé. Ce système comporte :The invention also relates to a system for implementing this method. This system comprises:
- un dispositif de projection apte à projeter un motif à l'emplacement de l'anomalie, sur le panneau, - au moins deux dispositifs de prise d'images aptes à réaliser chacun une image du motif cible, eta projection device capable of projecting a pattern at the location of the anomaly, on the panel, at least two imaging devices able each to produce an image of the target pattern, and
- un moyen de traitement des images du motif cible projeté sur le panneau.a means for processing the images of the target pattern projected on the panel.
Ce système peut comporter également une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes :This system may also include one or more of the following features:
- les dispositifs de prise d'images réalisent une acquisition des images instantanément.- The imaging devices perform an acquisition of images instantly.
- le système comporte un moyen de synchronisation du dispositif de projection et des dispositifs de prise d'images. - les dispositifs de prise d'images et le dispositif de projection sont synchronisés à une vitesse inférieure ou égale à 1/60 seconde.the system comprises means for synchronizing the projection device and the imaging devices. the imaging devices and the projection device are synchronized at a speed less than or equal to 1/60 second.
- les dispositifs de prise d'images sont placés de façon à former, avec le motif projeté, un triangle.- The imaging devices are placed so as to form, with the projected pattern, a triangle.
- le système comporte un télémètre. - les dispositifs de prise d'images et le dispositif de projection sont montés sur un même support de préhension.- the system includes a rangefinder. the imaging devices and the projection device are mounted on the same gripping support.
- le télémètre est monté sur le support de préhension.- The rangefinder is mounted on the gripping support.
- le système est portatif et autonome.- the system is portable and autonomous.
- le moyen de traitement d'images est monté sur le support de préhension et connecté aux dispositifs de prise d'images. - le moyen de traitement d'images est placé à distance et est apte à recevoir, par une liaison de transmission ou par un support d'enregistrement numérique, les images du motif cible projeté.the image processing means is mounted on the gripping support and connected to the imaging devices. - The image processing means is placed at a distance and is adapted to receive, by a transmission link or a digital recording medium, the images of the projected target pattern.
- les dispositifs de prise d'images sont des appareils de photographie numériques.- Imaging devices are digital photography devices.
- les dispositifs de prise d'images sont des caméras matricielles. Brève description des dessinsthe imaging devices are matrix cameras. Brief description of the drawings
La figure 1 représente un exemple de système de mesure d'une anomalie de forme sur un panneau d'avion, selon l'invention. Les figures 2A et 2B représentent un exemple de radôme d'aéronef présentant une anomalie de forme et l'image de cette anomalie obtenue avec le procédé de l'invention.FIG. 1 represents an example of a system for measuring a shape anomaly on an aircraft panel, according to the invention. FIGS. 2A and 2B show an example of an aircraft radome having a shape anomaly and the image of this anomaly obtained with the method of the invention.
La figure 3 représente un exemple de résultat de mesure d'anomalie obtenu avec le procédé de l'invention. Description détaillée de modes de réalisation de l'inventionFIG. 3 represents an example of an anomaly measurement result obtained with the method of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
L'invention propose un procédé pour mesurer une anomalie de forme sur un panneau d'aéronef, dans lequel un motif cible est projeté sur le panneau à traiter, c'est-à-dire sur le panneau de l'avion présentant l'anomalie que l'on cherche à mesurer. Des images de ce motif cible sont réalisées avec des angles de prise de vue différents. Ces images sont ensuite traitées selon une technique de stéréocorrelation. Comme expliqué plus en détail par la suite, la technique de stéréocorrelation permet, par des mesures de triangulation, de reconstruire une image en trois dimensions d'un objet déformé, à partir d'images en deux dimensions. L'invention propose également un système de mesure d'une anomalie de forme permettant de mettre en œuvre ce procédé. Ce système comporte deux dispositifs de prise d'images permettant une prise d'images d'un même objet selon deux angles de prise de vue différents. Selon l'invention, l'objet considéré est un panneau d'aéronef comportant une anomalie de forme à mesurer. Les dispositifs de prise d'images sont donc installés de façon à former un triangle avec le motif cible projeté sur l'anomalie à mesurer.The invention proposes a method for measuring a shape anomaly on an aircraft panel, in which a target pattern is projected onto the panel to be treated, that is to say on the panel of the airplane presenting the anomaly. that we are trying to measure. Images of this target pattern are made with different shooting angles. These images are then processed according to a stereocorrelation technique. As explained in more detail later, the stereocorrelation technique makes it possible, by means of triangulation measurements, to reconstruct a three-dimensional image of a deformed object, based on two-dimensional images. The invention also proposes a system for measuring a shape anomaly that makes it possible to implement this method. This system comprises two imaging devices for taking images of the same object according to two different angles of view. According to the invention, the object under consideration is an aircraft panel comprising a shape anomaly to be measured. The imaging devices are therefore installed so as to form a triangle with the target pattern projected on the anomaly to be measured.
Le système de mesure de l'invention comporte, en outre, un dispositif de projection d'un motif cible sur le panneau à traiter. Le motif cible est un mouchetis constitué d'un ensemble de taches noires et blanches, de différentes tailles, placées de façon aléatoire les unes à coté des autres. Selon l'invention, ce motif cible est projeté sur le panneau à traiter, à l'endroit de l'anomalie. Autrement dit, il est projeté dans la zone du panneau comportant l'anomalie de forme.The measurement system of the invention further comprises a device for projecting a target pattern onto the panel to be treated. The target pattern is a mouchetis consisting of a set of black and white spots, of different sizes, placed randomly next to each other. According to the invention, this target pattern is projected onto the panel to be treated, at the location of the anomaly. In other words, it is projected in the area of the panel with the anomaly of shape.
Les dispositifs de prise d'images réalisent chacun une image de ce motif cible projeté sur l'anomalie du panneau. Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le motif cible est projeté pendant un intervalle de temps prédéfini non ponctuel, c'est-à-dire un intervalle continu de plusieurs secondes, voire plusieurs minutes. On réalise les images du motif cible projeté sur l'anomalie au cours de cet intervalle de temps. Dans un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, le dispositif de projection du motif cible est synchronisé avec les dispositifs de prise d'images, ce qui permet de réaliser les images à l'instant même où le motif cible est projeté sur le panneau à traiter. Cette synchronisation est réalisée à une vitesse telle que les images enregistrées soient nettes, c'est-à-dire non floues, sans que le système soit posé sur un support quelconque de type trépied. Cette synchronisation peut être réalisée, par exemple, avec un temps de synchronisation inférieur ou égal à 1/60 seconde.The imaging devices each make an image of this target pattern projected onto the panel anomaly. In one embodiment of the invention, the target pattern is projected during a predefined non-point time interval, that is to say a continuous interval of several seconds, or even several minutes. Images of the projected target pattern are made on the anomaly during this time interval. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the projection device of the target pattern is synchronized with the imaging devices, which enables the images to be made at the instant when the target pattern is projected onto the panel. treat. This synchronization is performed at such a speed that the recorded images are sharp, that is to say, not blurred, without the system being placed on any type of support tripod type. This synchronization can be performed, for example, with a synchronization time less than or equal to 1/60 second.
Pour mettre en œuvre ce mode de réalisation préféré, les dispositifs de prise d'images sont, de préférence, montés sur un même support de préhension. Un exemple d'un tel système est représenté sur la figure 1. Dans cet exemple, le support de préhension 1 est un cadre, par exemple en aluminium, sur lequel sont fixés le dispositif de projection 3 et, de part et d'autre dudit dispositif de projection 3, les dispositifs de prise d'images 2a et 2b. Le dispositif de projection 3 est placé dans le plan P du cadre, au centre du cadre, de façon à ce que le motif cible soit projeté sur l'anomalie de forme 6 du panneau 5 selon une direction de projection X, perpendiculaire au plan du cadre P. Les dispositifs de prise d'images 2a et 2b ne sont pas dans le plan P du cadre de façon à ce que leur direction de prise de vue ne soit pas parallèle à la direction de projection X. Plus précisément, les directions de prise de vue des dispositifs de prise d'images 2a et 2b forment, avec le planTo implement this preferred embodiment, the imaging devices are preferably mounted on the same gripping support. An example of such a system is shown in FIG. 1. In this example, the gripping support 1 is a frame, for example made of aluminum, on which the projection device 3 is fixed and, on either side of said projection device 3, the imaging devices 2a and 2b. The projection device 3 is placed in the plane P of the frame, in the center of the frame, so that the target pattern is projected onto the shape anomaly 6 of the panel 5 in a projection direction X, perpendicular to the plane of the frame P. The imaging devices 2a and 2b are not in the plane P of the frame so that their direction of shooting is not parallel to the direction of projection X. More precisely, the directions of taking of the imaging devices 2a and 2b together with the plane
P du cadre, un triangle dont le sommet est formé par l'anomalie 6 à mesurer.P of the frame, a triangle whose top is formed by the anomaly 6 to measure.
L'emplacement des dispositifs de prise d'images dans le cadre 1 , et notamment l'angle d'inclinaison des dispositifs de prise d'images par rapport au plan P du cadre, peut varier en fonction de l'étendue de l'anomalie et de la distance à laquelle se trouve le support de préhension par rapport au panneau présentant l'anomalie. Dans l'exemple de la figure 1 , le système permet une mesure d'une anomalie à une distance de l'ordre de 1 m à 1 ,5 m, dans un volume de l'ordre de 600 x 400 x 200 mm3.The location of the imaging devices in the frame 1, and in particular the angle of inclination of the imaging devices with respect to the plane P of the frame, may vary according to the extent of the anomaly. and how far the grip support is from the panel showing the anomaly. In the example of Figure 1, the system allows a measurement of an anomaly at a distance of the order of 1 m to 1.5 m, in a volume of about 600 x 400 x 200 mm 3 .
Les dispositifs de prise d'images 2a et 2b peuvent être des appareils de photographie numériques ou bien des caméras matricielles aptes à réaliser des images instantanées du motif cible projeté sur le panneau à traiter. On entend, par images instantanées, deux images réalisées chacune par un dispositif de prise d'images différent, à un même instant donné, par exemple à l'instant de projection du motif cible. Ces dispositifs de prise d'images peuvent permettre la réalisation d'images, par exemple, de 1000 x 1000 pixels. L'acquisition des images nécessaires à la mesure, appelée acquisition de la mesure, est réalisée instantanément.The imaging devices 2a and 2b may be digital photography devices or matrix cameras capable of making snapshots of the target pattern projected on the panel to be treated. By instantaneous images are meant two images each produced by a different image taking device, at the same given instant, for example at the moment of projection of the target pattern. These imaging devices may allow the production of images, for example, 1000 x 1000 pixels. The acquisition of the images necessary for the measurement, called acquisition of the measurement, is carried out instantly.
Dans un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, le système comporte un télémètre 4 ou tout autre dispositif permettant facilement d'évaluer la distance entre le système et le panneau à mesurer. Ce télémètre 4 peut être connecté aux dispositifs de prise d'images 2a et 2b et au dispositif de projection 3, et synchronisés avec ces dispositifs, offrant ainsi une automatisation de la mise au point de ces dispositifs pour obtenir des images nettes du motif cible projeté. Ce télémètre 4 peut être monté également sur le cadre 1 du support de préhension, dans le plan P du cadre, par exemple au centre dudit cadre 1.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the system comprises a rangefinder 4 or any other device that makes it easy to evaluate the distance between the system and the panel to be measured. This rangefinder 4 can be connected to the imaging devices 2a and 2b and to the projection device 3, and synchronized with these devices, thus providing automation of the development of these devices to obtain clear images of the projected target pattern. . This rangefinder 4 can also be mounted on the frame 1 of the gripping support, in the plane P of the frame, for example in the center of said frame 1.
Le système de mesure de l'invention comporte en outre un moyen de traitement par stéréocorrelation de ces images. Ce moyen de traitement, non représenté sur la figure 1 , peut être installé à distance du support de préhension 1. Dans ce cas, les images peuvent être enregistrées sur un support d'enregistrement d'images pour être traitées ultérieurement, à distance. Ce support d'enregistrement peut être, par exemple, une carte mémoire comme celles utilisées par les appareils de photographie numériques actuels, ou bien une clé USB. Les images peuvent aussi être transmises au moyen de traitement d'images, par une liaison sans fil Bluetooth ou une liaison Wi-fi. Ainsi, un opérateur peut se déplacer sur l'aéroport avec le support de préhension équipé des dispositifs de projection et de prise d'images pour effectuer les prises de vues d'un ou de plusieurs anomalies sur des avions en service puis effectuer le traitement de ces images, ultérieurement, dans des bureaux éloignés de l'aéroport. Dans une autre variante, le moyen de traitement est suffisamment miniaturisé pour être installé sur le support de préhension. L'ensemble prise de vues et traitement peut alors être réalisé sur place, à proximité de l'avion concerné, en un temps minimum, de l'ordre de quelques minutes. Cette variante a l'avantage de permettre à l'opérateur de recommencer l'opération en cas de problème de prise de vue, par exemple, si la prise de vue n'était pas suffisamment nette ou si les points de repère ne sont pas suffisamment représentatifs, etc.The measurement system of the invention further comprises stereocorrelation processing means of these images. This processing means, not shown in FIG. 1, can be installed away from the gripping support 1. In this case, the images can be recorded on an image recording medium for subsequent processing, remotely. This recording medium may be, for example, a memory card such as those used by current digital photography devices, or a USB key. Images can also be transmitted using image processing, a Bluetooth wireless link, or a Wi-Fi link. Thus, an operator can move on the airport with the gripping support equipped with projection and imaging devices to take pictures of one or more anomalies on aircraft in service and then perform the treatment of these images, later, in offices far from the airport. In another variant, the processing means is sufficiently miniaturized to be installed on the gripping support. The set of shots and treatment can then be carried out on site, close to the aircraft concerned, in a minimum time, of the order of a few minutes. This variant has the advantage of allowing the operator to restart the operation in the event of a shooting problem, for example, if the shooting was not sufficiently clear or if the reference points are not sufficiently representative, etc.
Quel que soit son emplacement, le moyen de traitement d'images assure le traitement par stéréocorrelation des deux images uniques du motif cible, prises au même instant, selon deux angles de prise de vue différents. Ce traitement consiste à étudier la répartition des différents points du motif cible dans l'espace. Les points du motif cible étant à la surface du panneau à mesurer, la géométrie de ce panneau, dans les trois dimensions de l'espace, est ainsi mesurée. Les anomalies de forme de ce panneau peuvent donc en être déduites. Cette image de la géométrie du panneau peut être obtenue sous la forme d'une représentation 3D classique suivant les axes x, y et z. Elle peut aussi être obtenue sous la forme d'une représentation 2D suivant les axes x et y avec la dimension z représentée par des couleurs. Dans ce cas, la dimension z qui correspond à la profondeur de l'anomalie est représentée par différentes couleurs associées, dans un nuancier, à une échelle des profondeurs. Le choix des couleurs du nuancier peut être défini par l'opérateur, à partir du moyen de traitement d'images.Regardless of its location, the image processing means provides stereocorrelation processing of the two single images of the target pattern, taken at the same time, at two different angles of view. This treatment consists of studying the distribution of the different points of the target pattern in space. The points of the target pattern being on the surface of the panel to be measured, the geometry of this panel, in the three dimensions of the space, is thus measured. The shape anomalies of this panel can therefore be deduced. This image of the geometry of the panel can be obtained in the form of a classic 3D representation along the x, y and z axes. It can also be obtained in the form of a 2D representation along the x and y axes with the z dimension represented by colors. In this case, the dimension z which corresponds to the depth of the anomaly is represented by different colors associated, in a color chart, with a scale of the depths. The choice of colors of the color chart can be defined by the operator, from the image processing means.
Sur les figures 2A, on a représenté un exemple d'anomalie de forme sur un radôme d'avion 7. La figure 2B représente un exemple d'image de cette anomalie de forme obtenue avec le procédé de l'invention. Plus précisément, la figure 2A représente schématiquement un radôme 7 sur un nez d'avion, ce radôme présentant un renfort d1 , de forme longiligne, montré dans un rectangle. Ce renfort d1 constitue une anomalie de forme. La figure 2B représente l'image obtenue, avec le procédé de l'invention, de ce radôme avec ce renfort d1. Cette image montre la forme générale du radôme avec ces différents niveaux de profondeurs représentés chacun par une couleur différente. La zone circulaire centrale d correspond à la pointe 8 du radôme 7, avec le niveau de profondeur le plus faible. Les zones circulaires c2, c3, etc., correspondent aux différents intervalles de profondeurs du radôme. On remarque, sur cette figure 2B, une discontinuité d dans les zones circulaires de cette image. Cette discontinuité d2 forme une sorte de bourrelet longiligne traversant, de façon excentrée, les zones circulaires de l'image. Cette discontinuité d2 correspond au renfort d1 sur le radôme 7 de la figure 2A.FIGS. 2A show an example of a shape anomaly on an aircraft radome 7. FIG. 2B represents an exemplary image of this shape anomaly obtained with the method of the invention. More precisely, FIG. 2A schematically represents a radome 7 on an aircraft nose, this radome having a d1 reinforcement of elongate shape, shown in a rectangle. This reinforcement d1 constitutes an anomaly of form. FIG. 2B represents the image obtained, with the method of the invention, of this radome with this reinforcement d1. This image shows the general shape of the radome with these different depth levels each represented by a different color. The central circular zone d corresponds to the tip 8 of the radome 7, with the lowest level of depth. Circular areas c2, c3, etc., correspond to the different depth intervals of the radome. We note, in this Figure 2B, a discontinuity d in the circular areas of this image. This discontinuity d2 forms a sort of elongated bead crossing, eccentrically, the circular areas of the image. This discontinuity d2 corresponds to the reinforcement d1 on the radome 7 of FIG. 2A.
La figure 3 représente un exemple schématique d'image 3D pouvant être obtenue avec le procédé de l'invention. Cette image comporte un quadrillage en deux dimensions avec des mesures indiquées en mm sur les axes x et y. Elle comporte également la représentation de l'anomalie, à savoir une tache T à plusieurs niveaux de couleurs correspondants aux différents niveaux de profondeurs de l'anomalie. Elle comporte aussi un nuancier de couleurs N donnant une correspondance entre les différentes couleurs et les niveaux de profondeurs. Dans cet exemple d'image, les deux niveaux de couleurs c10 et c11 extérieurs de la tache représentent une profondeur de l'anomalie entre 0 et 0,5 mm, le niveau de couleur c12 une profondeur entre 0,5 et 1 mm, le niveau de couleur c13 une profondeur entre 1 ,5 et 2 mm, le niveau de couleur c14 une profondeur entre 2,5 et 3 mm et le niveau de couleur c15 une profondeur entre 3,5 et 4 mm. Cette tache T montre ainsi la forme de l'anomalie ainsi que la profondeur de l'anomalie. On peut en déduire les dimensions de l'anomalie, aussi bien en longueur qu'en largeur et qu'en profondeur. La tolérance de profondeur obtenue avec ce procédé est de l'ordre de 50 micromètres pour une surface de quelque décimètres carrés.FIG. 3 represents a schematic example of a 3D image that can be obtained with the method of the invention. This image has a two-dimensional grid with measurements in mm on the x and y axes. It also includes the representation of the anomaly, namely a spot T with several color levels corresponding to different depth levels of the anomaly. It also includes a color chart N giving a correspondence between the different colors and levels of depth. In this image example, the two exterior color levels c10 and c11 of the spot represent a depth of the anomaly between 0 and 0.5 mm, the color level c12 a depth between 0.5 and 1 mm, the color level c13 a depth between 1, 5 and 2 mm, the color level c14 a depth between 2.5 and 3 mm and the color level c15 a depth between 3.5 and 4 mm. This spot T thus shows the shape of the anomaly as well as the depth of the anomaly. We can deduce the dimensions of the anomaly, as well in length as width and depth. The depth tolerance obtained with this method is of the order of 50 micrometers for a surface of some square decimetres.
Dans l'exemple d'image de la figure 3, des points de repères R permettent de connaître l'emplacement exact de l'anomalie sur le panneau. Dans cet exemple, les repères R correspondent à l'emplacement de rivets sur le panneau.In the image example of FIG. 3, reference points R make it possible to know the exact location of the anomaly on the panel. In this example, the R marks correspond to the location of rivets on the panel.
Pour obtenir ces points de repère, on réalise les images instantanées du motif cible avec une vue suffisamment large de la zone du panneau contenant l'anomalie de sorte que ces images montrent l'environnement de l'anomalie.To obtain these landmarks, snapshots of the target pattern are made with a sufficiently wide view of the area of the panel containing the anomaly so that these images show the environment of the anomaly.
Comme expliqué précédemment, le dispositif de projection du motif cible et les dispositifs de prise d'images dudit motif cible sur le panneau à traiter peuvent être montés sur le cadre du support de préhension. Ce cadre est fabriqué, de préférence, dans un matériau léger, ce qui permet d'avoir un système automatique portatif, facilement transportable par l'opérateur sur le terrain. Ce système peut présenter un poids suffisamment léger, par exemple inférieur à 4 Kg, ne nécessitant l'emploi d'aucun dispositif de soutien de type trépied. La synchronisation du dispositif de projection avec les dispositifs de prise d'images permet également de rendre le système facile à manier. L'opérateur peut réaliser directement les prises d'images, en tenant le système à la main, ce qui permet de traiter facilement les endroits peu faciles d'accès, comme la partie supérieure du fuselage ou sur les panneaux verticaux de l'aéronef. As explained above, the projection device of the target pattern and the imaging devices of said target pattern on the panel to be treated can be mounted on the frame of the gripping support. This frame is preferably made of a light material, which makes it possible to have a Portable automatic system, easily transportable by the operator in the field. This system may have a sufficiently light weight, for example less than 4 kg, requiring the use of any tripod-type support device. Synchronizing the projection device with the imaging devices also makes the system easy to handle. The operator can directly take pictures, holding the system by hand, which makes it easy to deal with areas that are not easily accessible, such as the top of the fuselage or the vertical panels of the aircraft.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 - Procédé de mesure d'une anomalie de forme (6) sur un panneau (5) d'une structure d'aéronef, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte les opérations suivantes :1 - A method for measuring a shape anomaly (6) on a panel (5) of an aircraft structure, characterized in that it comprises the following operations:
- projection, à l'emplacement de l'anomalie (6) sur le panneau (5), d'un motif cible constitué d'un ensemble de taches noires et blanches, de différentes tailles, placées de façon aléatoire les unes à coté des autres.- Projection, at the location of the anomaly (6) on the panel (5), a target pattern consisting of a set of black and white spots, of different sizes, placed randomly next to each other. other.
- réalisation d'au moins deux images de ce motif cible projeté, - traitement de ces deux images par stéréocorrelation pour obtenir des mesures de la géométrie de l'anomalie.- Realization of at least two images of this projected target pattern, - Treatment of these two images by stereocorrelation to obtain measurements of the geometry of the anomaly.
2 - Procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que les images sont acquises instantanément.2 - Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the images are acquired instantly.
3 - Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les images sont transmises par une liaison de transmission ou enregistrées sur un support d'enregistrement numérique pour être traitées à distance.3 - Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the images are transmitted by a transmission link or recorded on a digital recording medium to be remotely processed.
4 - Système de mesure d'une anomalie de forme (6) sur un panneau (5) d'une structure d'aéronef, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte :4 - System for measuring a shape anomaly (6) on a panel (5) of an aircraft structure, characterized in that it comprises:
- un dispositif de projection (3) apte à projeter, à l'emplacement de l'anomalie (6) sur le panneau (5), un motif cible constitué d'un ensemble de taches noires et blanches, de différentes tailles, placées de façon aléatoire les unes à coté des autres,- A projection device (3) capable of projecting, at the location of the anomaly (6) on the panel (5), a target pattern consisting of a set of black and white spots, of different sizes, placed random way next to each other,
- au moins deux dispositifs de prise d'images (2a, 2b) aptes à réaliser chacun une image du motif cible, et - un moyen de traitement de ces images du motif cible.at least two image taking devices (2a, 2b) each capable of producing an image of the target pattern, and a means for processing these images of the target pattern.
5 - Système selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les dispositifs de prise d'images (2a, 2b) réalisent une acquisition des images instantanément.5 - System according to claim 4, characterized in that the imaging devices (2a, 2b) perform an acquisition of images instantly.
6 - Système selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un moyen de synchronisation du dispositif de projection (3) et des dispositifs de prise d'images (2a, 2b).6 - System according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that it comprises a synchronization means of the projection device (3) and imaging devices (2a, 2b).
7 - Système selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les dispositifs de prise d'images et le dispositif de projection sont synchronisés à une vitesse inférieure ou égale à 1/60 seconde.7 - System according to claim 6, characterized in that the imaging devices and the projection device are synchronized to a speed less than or equal to 1/60 second.
8 - Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les dispositifs de prise d'images sont placés de façon à former, avec le motif cible projeté, un triangle. 9 - Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un télémètre (4).8 - System according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the imaging devices are placed so as to form, with the projected target pattern, a triangle. 9 - System according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that it comprises a rangefinder (4).
10 - Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 9, caractérisé en ce que les dispositifs de prise d'images et le dispositif de projection sont montés sur un même support de préhension (1 ). 11 - Système selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le télémètre (4) est monté sur le support de préhension (1 ).10 - System according to any one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that the imaging devices and the projection device are mounted on the same support (1). 11 - System according to claim 10, characterized in that the rangefinder (4) is mounted on the gripping support (1).
12 - Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11 , caractérisé en ce qu'il est portatif et autonome.12 - System according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it is portable and autonomous.
13 - Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de traitement d'images est monté sur le support de préhension (1 ) et connecté aux dispositifs de prise d'images.13 - System according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the image processing means is mounted on the gripping support (1) and connected to the imaging devices.
14 - Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 11 , caractérisé en ce que le moyen de traitement d'images est placé à distance et est apte à recevoir, par une liaison de transmission ou par un support d'enregistrement numérique, les images du motif cible projeté.14 - System according to any one of claims 4 to 11, characterized in that the image processing means is placed at a distance and is adapted to receive, by a transmission link or by a digital recording medium, the images of the projected target pattern.
15 - Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 14, caractérisé en ce que les dispositifs de prise d'images sont des appareils de photographie numériques.15 - System according to any one of claims 4 to 14, characterized in that the imaging devices are digital photography devices.
16 - Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 14, caractérisé en ce que les dispositifs de prise d'images sont des caméras matricielles. 16 - System according to any one of claims 4 to 14, characterized in that the imaging devices are matrix cameras.
EP06794496A 2005-07-26 2006-07-24 Method for measuring a shape anomaly on an aircraft structural panel and system therefor Withdrawn EP1907790A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0552319A FR2889303B1 (en) 2005-07-26 2005-07-26 METHOD FOR MEASURING SHAPE ANOMALY ON A PANEL OF AN AIRCRAFT STRUCTURE AND SYSTEM FOR IMPLEMENTING SAID METHOD
PCT/FR2006/050744 WO2007012781A2 (en) 2005-07-26 2006-07-24 Method for measuring a shape anomaly on an aircraft structural panel and system therefor

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EP (1) EP1907790A2 (en)
JP (1) JP2009506920A (en)
CN (1) CN101233387B (en)
BR (1) BRPI0614448A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2615847A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2889303B1 (en)
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JP2009506920A (en) 2009-02-19
WO2007012781A3 (en) 2007-03-15
RU2414683C2 (en) 2011-03-20
BRPI0614448A2 (en) 2011-03-29
CN101233387B (en) 2012-08-22
FR2889303B1 (en) 2008-07-11
FR2889303A1 (en) 2007-02-02
CA2615847A1 (en) 2007-02-01
US20090220143A1 (en) 2009-09-03
CN101233387A (en) 2008-07-30
RU2008106924A (en) 2009-09-10

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