WO2017101275A1 - 防辐射装置及采用该防辐射装置的骨密度仪 - Google Patents

防辐射装置及采用该防辐射装置的骨密度仪 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017101275A1
WO2017101275A1 PCT/CN2016/085266 CN2016085266W WO2017101275A1 WO 2017101275 A1 WO2017101275 A1 WO 2017101275A1 CN 2016085266 W CN2016085266 W CN 2016085266W WO 2017101275 A1 WO2017101275 A1 WO 2017101275A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plate
radiation protection
radiation
insertion hole
aperture
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/085266
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
史臣
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深圳市艾克瑞电气有限公司
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Publication of WO2017101275A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017101275A1/zh

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/10—Safety means specially adapted therefor
    • A61B6/107—Protection against radiation, e.g. shielding
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/10—Safety means specially adapted therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/50—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications
    • A61B6/505—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications for diagnosis of bone

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to an anti-radiation device and a bone densitometer using the same.
  • a bone densitometer for measuring the bone density of an arm or leg usually has a measuring hole for accommodating an arm or a leg, and when measuring, an arm or a leg is inserted into the measuring hole to perform measurement.
  • a measuring hole with a larger aperture is provided on the bone densitometer.
  • X-rays When a person with a thin arm or leg is measuring, X-rays will come out of the measuring hole and then illuminate the measurer and the medical staff next to the measurer, which will cause the measurer to receive unnecessary X-ray radiation. It will also cause medical personnel to be exposed to X-rays.
  • a radiation protection device comprising:
  • a housing having opposite first and second plates, and sidewalls connecting the first plate and the second plate, wherein the sidewall, the first plate and the second plate are enclosed a first insertion hole and a second insertion hole are respectively disposed on the first plate and the second plate, and the first insertion hole and the second insertion hole are disposed opposite to each other for the arm Or the legs pass through the first insertion hole and the second insertion hole in sequence;
  • the aperture adjusting member comprises a plurality of radiation shielding plates disposed in the accommodating cavity, the plurality of radiation shielding plates being movable toward or away from a center line of the second insertion hole to be between an initial state and an operating state Switching, wherein when in an initial state, the plurality of radiation shielding plates are enclosed to form an initial hole, the initial hole has an aperture larger than or equal to an aperture of the second insertion hole, and when in an operating state, the plurality of blocks are protected
  • the radiant panel encloses an compliant aperture, the aperture of the compliant aperture being smaller than the aperture of the second insertion aperture, and the orthographic projection of the plurality of radiant panels on the second panel is a complete annular shape.
  • the above radiation protection device When the above-mentioned radiation protection device is in operation, when the X-rays flow out from the second plate toward the first plate, the X-rays are blocked by the combined plate, and the X-rays cannot flow out from the gap between the inner wall of the measuring hole and the arm or the leg, and cannot Arrive at the first board to achieve the purpose of radiation protection. Therefore, the above radiation protection device has a better radiation prevention effect.
  • the orthographic projection of the plurality of radiation shields on the second panel is a complete annular shape when in an initial state.
  • the plurality of radiation shielding plates are stacked, and in the radial direction of the initial hole, the adjacent two radiation shielding plates are independent, and the aperture adjusting member further comprises a plurality of supporting plates,
  • the number of support plates is the same as the number of the radiation protection plates, and each support plate is located in the same layer as its corresponding radiation protection plate, in the direction along the second plate to the first plate, the support plate It is used to support the support plate and the radiation protection plate located thereon.
  • the length of the support plate is 1.5 to 3.0 times the length of the radiation preventing plate in the radial direction of the second insertion hole.
  • one end of the radiation protection plate is in contact with the support plate, and the other end is spaced from the support plate to provide a space for the radiation protection plate to move toward a center line of the second insertion hole;
  • both ends of the radiation preventing plate are spaced apart from the supporting plate to provide a moving space for the radiation preventing plate to move toward the center line of the second insertion hole.
  • each of the radiation shielding plates is provided with a lever on a surface away from the second plate, and each of the levers passes through all the directions along the second plate to the first plate.
  • the aperture adjusting member further includes an adjusting plate, the adjusting plate is provided with a second sliding track, the number of the second sliding track is the same as the number of the rotating bars, along the second plate to the first In the direction of a plate, the adjusting plate is disposed on the outermost radiation shielding plate and the supporting plate, and each of the levers is disposed in a second sliding channel.
  • an adjustment rod is disposed on a side edge of the adjustment plate, a third slide is formed on the side wall, and the adjustment rod is disposed on the third slide, the adjustment rod An end remote from the adjustment plate is located outside the housing.
  • the number of the radiation shielding plates is four;
  • the radiation protection plate is a lead plate.
  • the aperture of the first insertion hole is greater than or equal to the aperture of the second insertion hole.
  • a bone density meter comprising:
  • a bone densitometer body having a measurement aperture for receiving an arm or leg
  • the second plate is adjacent to the measuring hole, and the second insertion hole is disposed opposite to the measuring hole.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a bone densitometer according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a radiation protection device
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of the radiation protection device of Figure 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the radiation protection device of FIG. 2 after removing the first plate
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of the radiation protection device of Figure 4 in an operating state
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the radiation protection device of FIG. 4 after removing the adjustment plate and the support plate;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of the radiation protection device of Figure 4 after removing the adjustment plate;
  • Figure 8 is a partial exploded view of Figure 7;
  • Figure 9 is a partially exploded view of Figure 8.
  • the bone densitometer 10 of one embodiment includes a bone densitometer body 12 and a radiation protection device 14.
  • the bone densitometer body 12 has a measuring hole 12a for accommodating an arm or a leg. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the measuring hole 12a is for accommodating an arm.
  • the measuring hole 12a is generally large.
  • the arm extends into the measuring hole 12a, there is a gap between the arm and the inner wall of the measuring hole 12a.
  • X-rays will flow out from the gap, and then irradiate to the measurer and beside the measurer.
  • the measurer On the medical staff, the measurer will be exposed to unnecessary X-ray radiation, and the medical staff will be exposed to X-rays.
  • the radiation preventing device 14 by providing the radiation preventing device 14, the arm and the inner wall of the measuring hole 12a are connected by the radiation preventing device 14, thereby blocking the gap, thereby blocking the propagation of the X-rays and achieving the purpose of preventing radiation.
  • the radiation protection device 14 includes a housing 100 and an aperture adjustment member 200.
  • the housing 100 has opposing first and second plates 110 and 120, and sidewalls 130 connecting the first and second plates 110 and 120.
  • the sidewall 130, the first plate 110 and the second plate 120 are enclosed to form a receiving cavity 140.
  • the first plate 110 and the second plate 120 are respectively provided with a first insertion hole 112 and a second insertion hole 122.
  • the first insertion hole 112 and the second insertion hole 112 are disposed opposite to each other for the arm or the leg to sequentially pass through the first insertion hole 112 and the second insertion hole 122.
  • the aperture of the first insertion hole 112 is the same as the aperture of the second insertion hole 112. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the aperture of the first insertion hole 112 may be larger than the aperture of the second insertion hole 122.
  • the aperture adjusting member 200 includes a plurality of radiation shielding plates 210 disposed in the accommodating cavity 140 .
  • the plurality of radiation shielding plates 210 are movable toward or away from the center line of the second insertion hole 122 to switch between an initial state and an operating state. Wherein, when in the initial state, the plurality of radiation shielding plates 210 are enclosed to form the initial holes 212, and the aperture of the initial holes 212 is greater than or equal to the aperture of the second insertion holes 122.
  • the plurality of radiation shielding plates 210 When in the working state, the plurality of radiation shielding plates 210 are enclosed to form the fitting holes 214, the diameter of the fitting holes 214 is smaller than the diameter of the second insertion holes 122, and the plurality of radiation shielding plates 210 are positive on the second plate 120. Projected as a complete ring.
  • the aperture of the fitting hole 214 is gradually reduced to come into contact with the arm or the leg.
  • the orthographic projection of the plurality of radiation shields 210 on the second panel 120 is not broken (notch or gap). Therefore, when the X-rays flow out from the second plate 120 toward the first plate 110, the X-rays are blocked by the combination plate 240, and the X-rays cannot flow out from the gap between the inner wall of the measuring hole and the arm or the leg, and cannot reach the first.
  • the board 110 achieves the purpose of radiation protection.
  • the orthographic projection of the plurality of radiation shielding plates 210 on the second plate 120 is also a complete ring shape. That is, when the above-mentioned radiation protection device 14 is in the initial state, the plurality of radiation shielding plates 210 are arranged in a complete annular plate, so that the plurality of radiation shielding plates 210 can always be a complete annular plate during the moving process.
  • the complete annular plate is a necessary precondition for the above-mentioned radiation preventing device 14 to be in an operating state, so that the moving distance of the plurality of radiation preventing plates 210 can be small during the process of switching the above-mentioned radiation preventing device 14 from the initial state to the working state.
  • the orthographic projection of the plurality of radiation shielding plates on the second plate may also have a break (notch or gap). At this time, in the process of switching the anti-radiation device from the initial state to the working state, the moving distance of the plurality of radiation shielding plates is relatively large.
  • a plurality of radiation shielding plates 210 are stacked.
  • a plurality of radiation shielding plates 210 are stacked, that is, a plurality of radiation shielding plates 210 are located on different layers, and there are several radiation shielding plates 210, and there are many layers.
  • the plurality of radiation shielding plates 210 are enclosed to form the initial holes 212, that is, the plurality of radiation shielding plates 210 located on different layers are overlapped in space, so that the lowermost layer and the uppermost radiation shielding plate 210 cannot be directly connected (because A plurality of radiation shielding plates 210 are interposed in the middle.
  • the adjacent two radiation shielding plates 210 are independent, that is, the adjacent two radiation shielding plates 210 are not connected, and can be separately moved.
  • the aperture adjusting member 200 further includes a plurality of supporting plates 220.
  • the number of support plates 220 is the same as the number of radiation shields 210.
  • Each support plate 220 is located on the same layer as its corresponding radiation shield 210.
  • the support plate 220 In the direction along the second plate 120 to the first plate 110, the support plate 220 is used to support the support plate 220 and the radiation protection plate 210 located thereon.
  • the support plate 220 and the radiation protection plate 210 adjacent to the second plate 120 are disposed on the second plate 120 in the direction along the second plate 120 to the first plate 110.
  • the length of the support plate 220 in the radial direction of the second insertion hole 122 is 1.5 to 3.0 times the length of the radiation prevention plate 210.
  • one end of the radiation protection plate 210 is in contact with the support plate 220, and the other end is spaced apart from the support plate 220 to provide the radiation protection plate 210 with the second insertion hole 122.
  • the radiation protection plate 210 when both ends of the radiation protection plate 210 are in contact with the support plate 220, the radiation protection plate 210 cannot continue to move toward the center line of the second insertion hole 122.
  • a dial 216 is disposed on a surface of each of the radiation shielding plates 210 away from the second plate 120.
  • the support plate 220 is provided with a first slide 222 for the lever 216 to pass through and to slide therein. In the direction along the second plate 120 to the first plate 110, each of the levers 216 passes through all of the support plates 220 located above it.
  • the aperture adjustment member 200 further includes an adjustment plate 230.
  • a second slide 232 is disposed on the adjustment plate 230.
  • the number of second slides 232 is the same as the number of the levers 216.
  • the adjusting plate 230 is disposed on the outermost radiation shielding plate 210 and the supporting plate 220, that is, the adjusting plate 230 is located at the outermost radiation shielding plate 210 and
  • the support plate 220 is formed between a layer and the first plate 110.
  • Each of the levers 216 is disposed in a second slide 232.
  • the second slide 232 and the first slide 222 are disposed at an angle in space.
  • the adjustment plate 230 moves the lever 216 located in the second slide 232, so that the lever 216 moves in the second slide 232 and the first slide 222, thereby driving the radiation protection plate 210 toward the first
  • the center line of the two insertion holes 122 is moved to form a composite plate 240 having the fitting holes 214.
  • the support plate 220 does not move, and when both ends of the radiation preventing plate 210 are in contact with the support plate 220, the radiation preventing plate 210 cannot continue to move toward the center line of the second insertion hole 122.
  • the radiation shielding plate 210a closest to the adjusting plate 230 and the supporting plate 220a constitute a first layer, wherein the lever 216 on the radiation shielding plate 210a is not worn on the support.
  • the three first slides 222 on the support plate 220a have a lever 216 thereon.
  • the second radiation prevention plate 210b and the support plate 220b form a second layer, wherein the lever 216 on the radiation protection plate 210b is disposed on the support plate 220a, and the support plate 220b
  • the two first slides 222 have a lever 216 thereon.
  • the third layer of the radiation shielding plate 210c and the supporting plate 220c adjacent to the adjusting plate 230 constitute a third layer, wherein the lever 216 on the radiation shielding plate 210c is disposed on the supporting plate 220a and the supporting plate 220b, and supports A first slide 222 on the plate 220c has a lever 216 thereon.
  • the lever 216 on the radiation shielding plate 210 of the second board 120 is disposed on the support board 220a, the support board 220b, and the support board 220c, and is adjacent to the three strips on the support board 220 of the second board 120. There is no lever 216 on one of the slides 222.
  • the adjustment lever 234 is provided on the side edge of the adjustment plate 230.
  • a third slide 132 is formed on the sidewall 130.
  • the adjusting rod 234 is disposed on the third sliding path 132 , and an end of the adjusting rod 234 away from the adjusting plate 234 is located outside the housing 100 .
  • the number of the radiation shields 210 is less than four, which is disadvantageous for forming the composite panel 240 having the fitting holes 214 with a high degree of fit to the arms or legs. Further, in the present embodiment, the number of the radiation preventing plates 210 is four. It will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the number of radiation shields 210 may be two, three, five, six, and the like.
  • the radiation preventing plate 210 is a lead plate, so that X-rays can be well prevented from passing through the radiation preventing plate 210.
  • the second plate 120 of the radiation protection device 14 is adjacent to the measurement hole 12a, and the second insertion hole 122 is disposed opposite to the measurement hole 12a.
  • the bone densitometer body 14 is provided with a mounting port (not shown), the radiation preventing device 14 is received in the mounting port, and the first plate 110 and the outer casing of the bone densitometer body 14 are The side panels 12b are flush to form a flat outer casing.
  • the first plate 110 is integrally formed with the side panels 12b of the bone densitometer body 14.

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Abstract

一种防辐射装置(14)及采用该防辐射装置(14)的骨密度仪(10)。该防辐射装置(14)，包括：壳体(100)，具有相对的第一板(110)及第二板(120)，以及侧壁(130)及容置腔(140)，第一板(110)及第二板(120)上分别设有正对设置的第一、第二插入孔(112,122)，用于供手臂或腿部依次穿过第一、第二插入孔(112,122)；孔径调节件(200)，包括设于容置腔(140)内的多块防辐射板(210)，多块防辐射板(210)能朝向或者远离第二插入孔(122)的中心线移动以在初始状态和工作状态之间切换，当处于初始状态时，多块防辐射板(210)围合形成初始孔(212)，初始孔(212)的孔径大于等于第二插入孔(122)的孔径，当处于工作状态时，多块防辐射板(210)围合形成适配孔(214)，适配孔(214)的孔径小于第二插入孔(122)的孔径，且多块防辐射板(210)在第二板(120)上的正投影为完整的环形。上述防辐射装置(14)具有较好的防辐射效果。

Description

防辐射装置及采用该防辐射装置的骨密度仪
【技术领域】
本发明涉及医疗仪器技术领域，特别是涉及一种防辐射装置及采用该防辐射装置的骨密度仪。
【背景技术】
目前很多骨密度仪上集成有X射线发射装置，采用X射线来测量骨密度。用于测量手臂或腿部骨密度的骨密度仪通常具有容置手臂或腿部的测量孔，测量时，将手臂或腿部插入该测量孔内，便可进行测量。为了使骨密度仪具有较宽的应用范围，可以同时满足手臂或腿部较细的人群和手臂或腿部较粗的人群，通常在骨密度仪上设置较大孔径的测量孔。当手臂或腿部较细的人群进行测量时，X射线会从测量孔出来，进而照射至测量者以及位于测量者旁边的医护人员上，也即会使得测量者受到不必要的X射线的辐射，也会使得医护人员受到X射线的辐射。
【发明内容】
基于此，有必要提供一种具有较好防辐射效果的防辐射装置及采用该防辐射装置的骨密度仪。
一种防辐射装置，包括：
壳体，具有相对的第一板及第二板，以及连接所述第一板及所述第二板的侧壁，所述侧壁、所述第一板及所述第二板围合形成容置腔，所述第一板及所述第二板上分别设有第一插入孔及第二插入孔，所述第一插入孔与所述第二插入孔正对设置，用于供手臂或腿部依次穿过所述第一插入孔及所述第二插入孔；以及
孔径调节件，包括设于所述容置腔内的多块防辐射板，所述多块防辐射板能朝向或者远离所述第二插入孔的中心线移动以在初始状态和工作状态之间切换，其中当处于初始状态时，所述多块防辐射板围合形成初始孔，所述初始孔的孔径大于等于所述第二插入孔的孔径，当处于工作状态时，所述多块防辐射板围合形成适配孔，所述适配孔的孔径小于所述第二插入孔的孔径，且所述多块防辐射板在所述第二板上的正投影为完整的环形。
上述防辐射装置工作时，当X射线自第二板朝向第一板流出时，X射线将被组合板阻挡，X射线无法自测量孔的内壁与手臂或腿部之间的间隙处流出，无法到达第一板，进而达到防辐射的目的。从而上述防辐射装置具有较好的防辐射效果。
在其中一个实施例中，当处于初始状态时，所述多块防辐射板在所述第二板上的正投影为完整的环形。
在其中一个实施例中，所述多块防辐射板层叠设置，且在沿所述初始孔的径向上，相邻两防辐射板相独立，所述孔径调节件还包括多层支撑板，所述支撑板的数目与所述防辐射板的数目相同，每一支撑板与其对应的防辐射板位于同一层，在沿所述第二板至所述第一板的方向上，所述支撑板用于支撑位于其上的支撑板及防辐射板。
在其中一个实施例中，在沿所述第二插入孔的径向上，所述支撑板的长度为所述防辐射板的长度的1.5~3.0倍。
在其中一个实施例中，在同一层中，防辐射板一端支撑板接触，另一端与支撑板间隔，以为所述防辐射板提供朝向所述第二插入孔的中心线移动的移动空间；
或者，在同一层中，防辐射板的两端均与支撑板间隔，以为所述防辐射板提供朝向所述第二插入孔的中心线移动的移动空间。
在其中一个实施例中，每一防辐射板远离所述第二板的表面上设有拨杆，在沿所述第二板至所述第一板的方向上，每一拨杆穿过所有位于其上方的支撑板，且支撑板上设有用于供所述拨杆穿过且能在其内滑动的第一滑道；
所述孔径调节件还包括调节板，所述调节板上设有第二滑道，所述第二滑道的数目与所述拨杆的数目相同，在沿所述第二板至所述第一板的方向上，所述调节板设于所述最外层的防辐射板及支持板上，且每一拨杆穿设于一第二滑道内。
在其中一个实施例中，所述调节板的侧缘上设有调节杆，所述侧壁上形成有第三滑道，所述调节杆穿设于所述第三滑道上，所述调节杆远离所述调节板的一端位于所述壳体外。
在其中一个实施例中，还包括如下特征中的至少一个：
所述防辐射板的数目为四个；
所述防辐射板为铅板。
在其中一个实施例中，所述第一插入孔的孔径大于等于所述第二插入孔的孔径。
一种骨密度仪，包括：
骨密度仪本体，具有用于容置手臂或腿部的测量孔；以及
上述的防辐射装置，所述第二板靠近所述测量孔，且所述第二插入孔与所述测量孔正对设置。
【附图说明】
图1为一实施方式的骨密度仪的结构示意图；
图2为防辐射装置的结构示意图；
图3为图2中的防辐射装置的分解图；
图4为图2中的防辐射装置除去第一板之后的结构示意图；
图5为图4中的防辐射装置处于工作状态下的结构示意图；
图6为图4中的防辐射装置去除调节板与支撑板之后的结构示意图；
图7为图4中的防辐射装置去除调节板之后的结构示意图；
图8为图7的部分分解图；
图9为图8的部分分解图。
【具体实施方式】
下面结合附图及具体实施例对防辐射装置及采用该防辐射装置的骨密度仪进行进一步说明。
如图1所示，一实施方式的骨密度仪10，包括骨密度仪本体12及防辐射装置14。
骨密度仪本体12具有用于容置手臂或腿部的测量孔12a。具体的，在本实施方式中，该测量孔12a用于容置手臂。
测量孔12a通常较大，当手臂伸入测量孔12a后，手臂与测量孔12a的内壁之间存在间隙，在测量时，X射线会自间隙处流出，进而照射至测量者以及位于测量者旁边的医护人员上，也即会使得测量者受到不必要的X射线的辐射，也会使得医护人员受到X射线的辐射。在本实施方式中，通过设置防辐射装置14，用防辐射装置14来连接手臂与测量孔12a的内壁，从而隔断间隙，进而隔断X射线的传播，达到防辐射的目的。
如图2-4所示，防辐射装置14包括壳体100及孔径调节件200。
壳体100具有相对的第一板110及第二板120，以及连接第一板110及第二板120的侧壁130。侧壁130、第一板110及第二板120围合形成容置腔140。第一板110及第二板120上分别设有第一插入孔112及第二插入孔122。第一插入孔112与第二插入孔112正对设置，用于供手臂或腿部依次穿过第一插入孔112及第二插入孔122。
具体的，在本实施方式中，第一插入孔112的孔径与第二插入孔112的孔径相同。可以理解，在其他实施方式中，第一插入孔112的孔径可以大于第二插入孔122的孔径。
如图5及图6所示，孔径调节件200包括设于容置腔140内的多块防辐射板210。多块防辐射板210能朝向或远离第二插入孔122的中心线移动以在初始状态和工作状态之间切换。其中，当处于初始状态时，多块防辐射板210围合形成初始孔212，初始孔212的孔径大于等于第二插入孔122的孔径。当处于工作状态时，多块防辐射板210围合形成适配孔214，适配孔214的孔径小于第二插入孔122的孔径，且多块防辐射板210在第二板120上的正投影为完整的环形。
在多块防辐射板210朝向第二插入孔122的中心线移动的过程中，适配孔214的孔径逐渐减小，以与手臂或腿部接触。多块防辐射板210在第二板120上的正投影没有断开处（缺口或间隙）。从而当X射线自第二板120朝向第一板110流出时，X射线将被组合板240阻挡，X射线无法自测量孔的内壁与手臂或腿部之间的间隙处流出，无法到达第一板110，进而达到防辐射的目的。
进一步，如图3及图6所示，在本实施方式中，当处于初始状态时，多块防辐射板210在第二板120上的正投影也为完整的环形。也即上述防辐射装置14处于初始状态时，多块防辐射板210即排布呈完整环形板，从而多块防辐射板210在移动过程中，一直能呈完整环形板。而完整环形板是上述防辐射装置14处于工作状态下的必要前提，从而上述防辐射装置14从初始状态切换至工作状态的过程中，多块防辐射板210的移动距离可以很小。
可以理解，在其他实施方式中，当防辐射装置处于初始状态时，多块防辐射板位于第二板上的正投影也可以具有断开处（缺口或间隙）。此时，防辐射装置从初始状态转换至工作状态的过程中，多块防辐射板的移动距离相对较大。
进一步，在本实施方式中，多块防辐射板210层叠设置。多块防辐射板210层叠设置，也即多块防辐射板210位于不同的层上，有几块防辐射板210，就有多少层。而多块防辐射板210围合形成初始孔212，也即位于不同层上的多块防辐射板210在空间上首尾搭接，从而最下层与最上层的防辐射板210不能直接连接（因为中间间隔了多块防辐射板210）。具体的，在实施方式中，在沿初始孔212的径向上，相邻两防辐射板210相独立，也即相邻两防辐射板210不连接，可以单独移动。
为了支撑防辐射板210，进一步，如图3所示，在本实施方式中，孔径调节件200还包括多层支撑板220。支撑板220的数目与防辐射板210的数目相同。每一支撑板220与其对应的防辐射板210位于同一层。在沿第二板120至第一板110的方向上，支撑板220用于支撑位于其上的支撑板220及防辐射板210。其中，在沿第二板120至第一板110的方向上，靠近第二板120的支撑板220及防辐射板210设于第二板120上。
具体的，在本实施方式中，在沿第二插入孔122的径向上，支撑板220的长度为防辐射板210的长度的1.5~3.0倍。
进一步，如图3所示，在本实施方式中，在同一层中，防辐射板210一端支撑板220接触，另一端与支撑板220间隔，以为防辐射板210提供朝向第二插入孔122的中心线移动的移动空间。可以理解，在其他实施方式中，在同一层中，防辐射板210的两端均与支撑板220间隔，以为防辐射板210提供朝向第二插入孔122的中心线移动的移动空间。
其中，当防辐射板210的两端均与支撑板220接触时，防辐射板210不能继续朝向第二插入孔122的中心线移动。
进一步，如图3所示，在本实施方式中，每一防辐射板210远离第二板120的表面上设有拨杆216。支撑板220上设有用于供拨杆216穿过且能在其内滑动的第一滑道222。在沿第二板120至第一板110的方向上，每一拨杆216穿过所有位于其上方的支撑板220。
如图3-5所示，孔径调节件200还包括调节板230。调节板230上设有第二滑道232。第二滑道232的数目与拨杆216的数目相同。在沿第二板120至第一板110的方向上，调节板230设于最外层的防辐射板210及支持板220上，也即，调节板230位于最外层的防辐射板210及支持板220构成的一层与第一板110之间。且每一拨杆216穿设于一第二滑道232内。具体的，在本实施方式中，第二滑道232与第一滑道222在空间上呈夹角设置。
当转动调节板230时，调节板230拨动位于第二滑道232中的拨杆216，使得拨杆216在第二滑道232与第一滑道222中移动，从而带动防辐射板210朝向第二插入孔122的中心线移动，以形成具有适配孔214的组合板240。在此过程中，支撑板220不运动，而当防辐射板210的两端均与支撑板220接触时，防辐射板210不能继续朝向第二插入孔122的中心线移动。
具体的，在本实施方式中，如图7所示，最靠近调节板230的防辐射板210a与支撑板220a构成第一层，其中，防辐射板210a上的拨杆216没有穿设于支撑板220上，支撑板220a上的三条第一滑道222上均有拨杆216。
如图8所示，第二靠近调节板230的防辐射板210b与支撑板220b构成第二层，其中，防辐射板210b上的拨杆216穿设于支撑板220a上，支撑板220b上的两条第一滑道222上有拨杆216。
如图9所示，第三靠近调节板230的防辐射板210c与支撑板220c构成第三层，其中，防辐射板210c上的拨杆216穿设于支撑板220a及支撑板220b上，支撑板220c上的一条第一滑道222上有拨杆216。
如图3所示，靠近第二板120的防辐射板210上的拨杆216穿设于支撑板220a、支撑板220b及支撑板220c上，靠近第二板120的支撑板220上的三条第一滑道222上均没有拨杆216。
进一步，在本实施方式中，调节板230的侧缘上设有调节杆234。侧壁130上形成有第三滑道132。调节杆234穿设于第三滑道132上，且调节杆234远离调节板234的一端位于壳体100外。
由于多块防辐射板210层叠设置，防辐射板210的数目越多，防辐射装置14的厚度将越大。而防辐射板210的数目少于四个，不利于形成与手臂或腿部贴合度较高的具有适配孔214的组合板240。进一步，在本实施方式中，防辐射板210的数目为四个。可以理解，在其他实施方式中，防辐射板210的数目可以为两个、三个、五个、六个等等。
进一步，在本实施方式中，防辐射板210为铅板，从而能很好的防止X射线穿过防辐射板210。
如图1所示，防辐射装置14的第二板120靠近测量孔12a，且第二插入孔122与测量孔12a正对设置。具体的，在本实施方式中，骨密度仪本体14上设有安装口（图未示），防辐射装置14容置于安装口中，且第一板110与骨密度仪本体14的外壳的一侧板12b齐平，形成平整的外壳。优选的，第一板110与骨密度仪本体14的侧板12b一体成型。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种防辐射装置，其特征在于，包括：
    壳体，具有相对的第一板及第二板，以及连接所述第一板及所述第二板的侧壁，所述侧壁、所述第一板及所述第二板围合形成容置腔，所述第一板及所述第二板上分别设有第一插入孔及第二插入孔，所述第一插入孔与所述第二插入孔正对设置，用于供手臂或腿部依次穿过所述第一插入孔及所述第二插入孔；以及
    孔径调节件，包括设于所述容置腔内的多块防辐射板，所述多块防辐射板能朝向或者远离所述第二插入孔的中心线移动以在初始状态和工作状态之间切换，其中当处于初始状态时，所述多块防辐射板围合形成初始孔，所述初始孔的孔径大于等于所述第二插入孔的孔径，当处于工作状态时，所述多块防辐射板围合形成适配孔，所述适配孔的孔径小于所述第二插入孔的孔径，且所述多块防辐射板在所述第二板上的正投影为完整的环形。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的防辐射装置，其特征在于，当处于初始状态时，所述多块防辐射板在所述第二板上的正投影为完整的环形。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的防辐射装置，其特征在于，所述多块防辐射板层叠设置，且在沿所述初始孔的径向上，相邻两防辐射板相独立，所述孔径调节件还包括多层支撑板，所述支撑板的数目与所述防辐射板的数目相同，每一支撑板与其对应的防辐射板位于同一层，在沿所述第二板至所述第一板的方向上，所述支撑板用于支撑位于其上的支撑板及防辐射板。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的防辐射装置，其特征在于，在沿所述第二插入孔的径向上，所述支撑板的长度为所述防辐射板的长度的1.5~3.0倍。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的防辐射装置，其特征在于，在同一层中，防辐射板一端支撑板接触，另一端与支撑板间隔，以为所述防辐射板提供朝向所述第二插入孔的中心线移动的移动空间；
    或者，在同一层中，防辐射板的两端均与支撑板间隔，以为所述防辐射板提供朝向所述第二插入孔的中心线移动的移动空间。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的防辐射装置，其特征在于，每一防辐射板远离所述第二板的表面上设有拨杆，在沿所述第二板至所述第一板的方向上，每一拨杆穿过所有位于其上方的支撑板，且支撑板上设有用于供所述拨杆穿过且能在其内滑动的第一滑道；
    所述孔径调节件还包括调节板，所述调节板上设有第二滑道，所述第二滑道的数目与所述拨杆的数目相同，在沿所述第二板至所述第一板的方向上，所述调节板设于所述最外层的防辐射板及支持板上，且每一拨杆穿设于一第二滑道内。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的防辐射装置，其特征在于，所述调节板的侧缘上设有调节杆，所述侧壁上形成有第三滑道，所述调节杆穿设于所述第三滑道上，所述调节杆远离所述调节板的一端位于所述壳体外。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的防辐射装置，其特征在于，还包括如下特征中的至少一个：
    所述防辐射板的数目为四个；
    所述防辐射板为铅板。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的防辐射装置，其特征在于，所述第一插入孔的孔径大于等于所述第二插入孔的孔径。
  10. 一种骨密度仪，其特征在于，包括：
    骨密度仪本体，具有用于容置手臂或腿部的测量孔；以及
    如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的防辐射装置，所述第二板靠近所述测量孔，且所述第二插入孔与所述测量孔正对设置。
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