WO2017095255A1 - Moteur à amenée externe de la chaleur et procédé de son fonctionnement - Google Patents

Moteur à amenée externe de la chaleur et procédé de son fonctionnement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017095255A1
WO2017095255A1 PCT/RU2015/000844 RU2015000844W WO2017095255A1 WO 2017095255 A1 WO2017095255 A1 WO 2017095255A1 RU 2015000844 W RU2015000844 W RU 2015000844W WO 2017095255 A1 WO2017095255 A1 WO 2017095255A1
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Prior art keywords
working fluid
heat
chambers
paragraphs
chamber
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PCT/RU2015/000844
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Александр Анатольевич ЗАЙЦЕВ
Михаил Александрович НАДТОЧЕЙ
Original Assignee
ГАЙЗЕР, Эдуард Петрович
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Application filed by ГАЙЗЕР, Эдуард Петрович filed Critical ГАЙЗЕР, Эдуард Петрович
Priority to PCT/RU2015/000844 priority Critical patent/WO2017095255A1/fr
Publication of WO2017095255A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017095255A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/40—Use of two or more feed-water heaters in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to thermal power engineering, engine building and is intended for use in steam power plants (CCP), steam and gas plants (CCGT), installations with a gaseous working fluid, in power units of vehicles, engines with external heat supply.
  • CCP steam power plants
  • CCGT steam and gas plants
  • a known method of operation of a heat engine with an external supply of heat and an engine for its implementation (Patent RU N ° 2051287, IPC F02G1 / 04, publ. 12/26/1995).
  • the engine contains a working chamber with one cavity, which is in communication with an external pumping device, a heater, a cooler and a regenerator.
  • the piston drive is connected to a control unit that synchronizes the operation of the pumping device and the gas distribution system, providing a serial connection to a closed circulation loop, including a working chamber and a pumping device, heater, regenerator, cooler, regenerator.
  • a known method of operation of a heat engine with an external supply of heat and an engine for its implementation includes evaporative expansion of the working fluid at maximum pressure, overheating of its steam to maximum temperature, expansion of steam with selection of work and pressure drop to minimum, regenerative cooling of steam, condensation compression into a liquid with heat removal, pressure increase of the obtained liquid and its regenerative heating.
  • the expansion of steam with the selection of work is carried out isothermally by supplying external heat, and the evaporative expansion of the body and overheating of its steam is carried out by regenerative heating, and the maximum pressure is brought to a supercritical value.
  • the heat engine for implementing the method comprises a cylinder 1, a piston 2, an external heat source 3, a main regenerator 4, an exhaust valve 5, a check valve 6, a low pressure circuit of an additional generator 7, a refrigerator a condenser 8, a booster pump 9, a high pressure circuit of an additional regenerator 10, a boiler 1 1, an intake valve 12, a pressure regulator 13, an auxiliary circuit 14.
  • An engine with external heat supply is known (Utility Model Patent M> 93466, IPC F02G1 / 04, published September 23, 2009), comprising a cylinder, a rotor with plates mounted in an eccentric cylinder and forming variable volume chambers in it, an integrated refrigerator connected to the compression area, and an external heat exchanger, in which the heat exchange surface and the combustion chamber are combined in a single body insulated from the inside.
  • the engine is configured to withdraw the working fluid from the working volume to the heat exchanger, which allows to increase the heat transfer surface to necessary sizes and create counterflow heat transfer.
  • the heat exchanger is connected to the cylinder cavity in the region of the compression end through a system of non-return valves and in the region of the beginning of expansion.
  • the disadvantage of the engine is also not high enough efficiency and not enough effective way of heat recovery.
  • This main factor expresses the difference between the real and ideal Stirling cycle, as a representative of heat recovery cycles, whose efficiency value is close to the Carnot cycle.
  • the main reason for the "rounding" is the continuous nature of the movement of the pistons, in contrast to intermittent motion, for an ideal case, further, the dead volume, that is, that part of the total working cavity that is not replaced by any of the pistons during engine operation.
  • regenerators which entails undercooling and underheating of the working fluid when it is displaced into a cold and hot cavity, respectively, which, if compressed, leads to an increase in the fraction of heat removed to the environment and, as a consequence, the need for powerful, bulky devices cooling systems.
  • the objective of the proposed solution is to develop an effective method of operating an engine with an external heat supply with increased efficiency with the possibility of recovering the heat of the spent working fluid, options for a heating device with the possibility of recovery for implementing the method, as well as a converter of the working fluid energy into mechanical energy with the possibility of implementing an effective degree of expansion body.
  • the problem is solved using the method of operation of the engine with an external supply of heat, including heating the working fluid and the removal of the working fluid in the energy converter of the working fluid into mechanical energy.
  • the working fluid is heated in a heating device consisting of at least two chambers 3, due to the heat of at least one heating medium, and by means of at least one of the heat exchangers 8, 10, 16, the temperature of the heating medium relative to the working fluid in the chambers 3 by supplying to the chambers 3 with a warmer working fluid, a warmer heating medium and, accordingly, to the chambers 3 with a less heated working fluid supplying a less heated heating medium, after heating, the working fluid is diverted For use in the energy converter of the working fluid into mechanical energy.
  • the temperature change of the heating medium with respect to the unit chamber 3, in which the heated working fluid is contained is achieved by controlling the flow of the heating medium through valves 18 or 23.
  • the temperature change of the heating medium with respect to the working fluid in the chamber 3 is achieved by moving the working fluid between the chambers 3 due to the valves 4.
  • the temperature change of the heating medium with respect to the unit chamber 3 in which the heated working fluid is contained is achieved by changing the flow of the heating medium by changing the position of at least one channel for supplying the heating medium, which is movable and has its own drive.
  • the change in temperature of the heating medium with respect to a single chamber 3, in which the heated working fluid is contained is achieved by changing the position of the chambers 3, which are movable and have their own drive.
  • one of the chambers 3 is periodically sealed, the chambers 3 are connected to each other by at least one valve 4, through which the working fluid is periodically moved from one chamber 3 to another chamber 3.
  • heat is supplied through the heat exchanger 8 from the spent working fluid in the vapor phase.
  • heat is supplied through the heat exchanger 10 from the spent working fluid in the liquid phase.
  • heat is supplied from an external source through heat exchanger 16.
  • the number of heating media heating the working fluid in one of the chambers 3, through at least one of the heat exchangers 8, 10, 16, is less than the total number of heating media used in the heating device, depending on the selected operating mode and design of the heating device of the engine with an external supply heat.
  • At least one of the chambers 3 comprises a heat exchanger 15 for removing heat from the working fluid.
  • the chambers 3, to which the channel 19 or the heat exchanger 8 is connected comprise a heat exchanger 15 for removing heat from the working fluid.
  • At least one of the chambers 3, not having a heat exchanger 15, for cooling the working fluid after its use, is filled with the working fluid along the channel 19.
  • a working fluid is returned through channel 19, with the possibility of performing heat removal functions in channel 19.
  • the working fluid in the liquid phase is returned through the channel 19 in the heating device, and then it is supplied by means of a heat exchanger 10 through at least one of the chambers 3.
  • at least one of the chambers 3 has an outlet channel 17 through which the working fluid is diverted for use.
  • the working fluid is diverted to a chamber 14 common to several chambers 3, in the chamber 14, it is possible to heat the working fluid due to the heat of at least one heating medium supplied by at least one of the heat exchangers 8, 16, from the working chamber 14 the body is diverted for use through the exhaust channel 17.
  • the working fluid is diverted into two or more chambers 3.
  • At least one of the chambers 3 is filled with a working fluid through the outlet channels of at least one of the heat exchangers 8, 10.
  • the chamber 3 is filled with a working fluid from a chamber 13 common to several chambers 3, which contains a heat exchanger 15 for removing heat from the working fluid.
  • At least one of the chambers 3 containing a heat exchanger 15 for removing heat from the working fluid, after its use, is filled with a working fluid through a channel 19, which in turn takes the working fluid from the output channels of at least one of the heat exchangers 8, 10, passing in at least one chamber 3.
  • the heating device is installed in a closed circuit of the engine with an external supply of heat, the working fluid allocated for use in the converter via channel 17 is fed back to the heating device via channel 19 after use.
  • chambers 3 or 3 and 14 are located one above the other and when they are connected, the liquid phase of the working fluid is transferred to the downstream chamber 3, 14 under the influence of gravity.
  • chambers 3 or 14 are positioned arbitrarily, and when they are connected, the liquid phase of the working fluid is partially or completely moved from chamber 3 to chamber 3 or 14 using a transfer pump.
  • the liquid phase of the spent working fluid is collected by at least one condensate collector 11, and then fed through at least one of the heat exchangers 10 to heat the working fluid in chambers 3, or chamber 3 and 14.
  • the liquid phase of the working fluid after use from the condensate collector 11 is supplied by means of a heat exchanger 10 by a pump 12.
  • the liquid phase of the spent working fluid from the condensate collector 11 is supplied by means of a heat exchanger 10 due to the organized slope of the latter.
  • the outlet of the spent working fluid from the channels of the heat exchangers 8, 10 is realized in one of the chambers 3, 13, the cavity of which is under pressure, which allows to reduce the specific heat of condensation of the spent working fluid and to increase the temperature of the onset of condensation of the working fluid.
  • an external heat supply engine is partially insulated.
  • an engine with an external supply of heat is cleaned of media other than the working fluid.
  • the energy converter of the working fluid into mechanical energy is in the form of a cylinder 26 with a piston 27 forming a working chamber 25.
  • the energy converter of the working fluid into mechanical energy includes a heat exchanger 16a for supplying heat to the working fluid in the working chamber 25.
  • a gaseous working fluid is used in an engine with external heat input.
  • the liquid phase of the working fluid at the moment of moving from the chamber 3 to the chamber 3 or 14 is heated due to the heat of the vapor phase of the working fluid entering the place of the moving liquid phase of the working fluid, heating the liquid phase of the working fluid carried out by direct contact of these phases or through the wall of the heat exchanger.
  • an engine with an external supply of heat including a housing 1 of the heating device, a channel 19 for supplying a working fluid, a channel 17 for removing the working fluid from the heating device, heat exchangers for supplying a heating medium, a converter of working fluid energy into mechanical energy.
  • the heating device is made of at least two chambers 3, at least one of the valves 18, 4 is installed between the chambers 3 for periodically moving the working fluid from one chamber 3 to another chamber 3, with the possibility of supplying to chambers 3 with a warmer working body of a more heated heating medium and, accordingly, to chambers 3 with a less heated working fluid for supplying a less heated heating medium, at least one chamber 3 is equipped with at least one of the heat exchangers 8, 10, 16, for heating the working fluid, according to yney least one chamber 3 is equipped for discharging the working fluid channel 17 in the converter fluid energy into mechanical energy.
  • an engine with an external supply of heat including a housing 1 of a heating device, a channel 19 for supplying a working fluid to a heating device, a channel 17 for removing a working fluid from a heating device, heat exchangers for supplying heat from a heating medium, an energy converter of the working fluid into mechanical energy.
  • the heating device consists of chambers 3, made in the housing 1, chambers 3 are equipped with at least one of the heat exchangers 8, 10, 16 for heating the working fluid, heat exchangers are equipped with at least one of the valves 18, 23, with the possibility of providing access to the chambers 3 with a warmer working fluid of a warmer heating medium and, accordingly, to chambers 3 with a less heated working fluid for supplying a less heated heating medium, at least one chamber 3 is equipped with a channel 17 for diverting the working fluid to the working energy converter th body into mechanical energy.
  • the heating device has at least one heating medium supply channel configured to move to change the temperature of the heating medium with respect to the unit chamber 3.
  • the chambers 3 are movable to change the temperature of the heating medium with respect to the unit chamber 3.
  • At least one of the chambers 3 comprises a heat exchanger 15 for removing heat from the working fluid.
  • At least one of the chambers 3 or 13 has a channel 19 for filling with a working fluid.
  • camera 3 is connected to a camera common to several cameras 3
  • chamber 3 is connected to a chamber 13 common to several chambers 3, for filling the chamber 3 with a working fluid.
  • the heating device is installed in a closed circuit of the engine with an external supply of heat.
  • the cameras 3 are located one above the other.
  • the engine heating device further comprises a transfer pump for moving the working fluid between chambers 3, between chambers 3 and 14.
  • the heating device includes a condenser 11 with a heat exchanger 10 for removing condensate and heating the working fluid in chambers 3, or chambers 3 and 14.
  • the heating device includes a condenser 11 with a pump 12, for supplying the liquid phase of the working fluid through the heat exchanger 10.
  • the heating device includes a condenser 11 with a slope-type heat exchanger 10 for draining the liquid phase of the working fluid.
  • an engine with external heat input is partially insulated.
  • chambers 3 or 13 have output channels of heat exchangers 8, 10 for filling with a working fluid.
  • the energy converter of the working fluid into mechanical energy includes a cylinder 26 with a piston 27 forming a working chamber 25 between them.
  • the energy converter of the working fluid into mechanical energy includes a heat exchanger 16a for supplying heat to the working fluid in the working chamber 25.
  • the chambers 3 are located radially relative to a common center.
  • the technical result of the proposed group of inventions is to increase efficiency by increasing the efficiency of expansion of the working fluid and heat recovery of the spent working fluid.
  • the proposed method of operating an engine with an external supply of heat is disclosed when describing the operation of variants of the proposed engines with an external supply of heat.
  • the implementation of the engine with an external supply of heat consisting of a converter of the energy of the working fluid into mechanical energy with options for performing a heating device with the possibility of heat recovery.
  • FIG. 1 shows a heating device with the possibility of heat recovery for an engine with an external supply of heat, in the housing 1, with the shape of a closed cylinder divided by transverse partitions, side view and sectional view.
  • FIG. 2 shows the valve 4 in the closed position, having the same design and principle of operation for all variants of the heating device, side view in section and from above.
  • FIG. 3 shows the valve 4 in the open position, having the same design and principle of operation for all variants of the heating device, side view in section and from above.
  • FIG. 4 shows a variant of a heating device with the possibility of heat recovery for an engine with an external supply of heat, a side view and a top view in section.
  • FIG. 5 shows a variant of a heating device with the possibility of heat recovery for an engine with an external supply of heat, a side view and a top view in section.
  • FIG. 6 shows a variant of a heating device with the possibility of heat recovery for an engine with an external supply of heat, a sectional side and top view.
  • FIG. 7 shows a cylinder-piston converter of the energy of the working fluid into mechanical energy, equipped with a heat exchanger for supplying heat to the working fluid.
  • FIG. 8 shows a cylinder-piston converter of the energy of the working fluid into mechanical energy.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of an engine with an external supply of heat.
  • FIG. 10 shows an engine with external heat input, side view, front view.
  • Figure 1 shows a heating device with the possibility of heat recovery - for an engine with an external supply of heat according to the first embodiment.
  • a feature of the proposed embodiment of the device is the ability to work on working fluids with up to critical parameters of temperature and pressure, characterized by the state of the working fluid when its liquid and vapor phases are separated.
  • the heating device consists of a housing 1 having the form of a closed cylinder, the transverse partitions 2 of which form periodically sealed chambers 3. Valves 4 are installed in the partitions 2, which can be opened and closed by an electromagnetic actuator 5.
  • FIG. 2 shows valve 4 in the closed position; FIG. 3 in the open position.
  • a heating device for an engine with an external supply of heat operates as follows:
  • the liquid phase of the working fluid 6 when the valves 4 are opened, the pressure in the connected chambers 3 is equalized, and the liquid phase of the working fluid flows into the chamber 3, located below, due to the higher density compared with the vapor phase 7, under the influence of gravity.
  • a transfer pump (not shown) may be used to move the liquid phase of the working fluid between the connected chambers 3.
  • the chambers 3 are designed for heating the working fluid inside them due to the heat recovery of the spent working fluid entering them through the channel 19 and heat exchangers 8 equipped with heat exchange coils 9. Also, the channel of the heat exchanger 10 passes through the chambers 3, through which the condensate of the spent working fluid passes collected in the condensate collector 11 and pumped by the pump 12.
  • the heating device has a chamber 3 equipped with a cooling heat exchanger 15, by means of which, excess heat is removed from the working fluid entering the heating device by the heat carrier.
  • the chamber 3 equipped with a heat exchanger 16, through which heat is supplied to the heated working fluid additionally heat from an external source.
  • the heated working fluid is diverted through the channel 17 from the chamber 3 for further use in the energy converter of the working fluid into mechanical energy.
  • An operating mode is provided in the heating device when an exhausted working fluid having a higher temperature is supplied to the chambers 3 located in the “lower” part, and accordingly, a working fluid with a lower temperature is supplied to the chambers 3 in the “upper” part of the device, and there is a possibility to keep the temperature gradient due to the movement of the working fluid located in the chambers 3 towards the flow of the spent working fluid entering the heating device.
  • the device also has the ability, by increasing the pressure in the chamber 3, equipped with a cooling heat exchanger 15 and, accordingly, the remaining cavities of the heating device, to reduce the specific heat condensation of the spent working fluid and increase the temperature of the beginning of condensation. In this case, the heat capacity of the heated working fluid in the chambers 3 will naturally increase.
  • FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of a heating device with the possibility of heat recovery for an engine with an external supply of heat.
  • a feature of the proposed embodiment of the device is work on working fluids, with before and after critical parameters of temperature and pressure, and also with the ability to work on gaseous working fluids, on working fluids with and without phase transitions.
  • the heating device consists of a housing 1, which is a cylinder, consisting of several periodically sealed, segment chambers 3 located radially relative to the common center. In the chambers 3 there is a working fluid 6, and a steam interlayer 7 may also be present. Chambers 3 are designed to heat the working fluid contained in them by recovering the heat of the spent working fluid entering them through channel 19 and heat exchangers 8.
  • the device has a common chamber 14 equipped with a heating heat exchanger 16 and a channel 17 for removal of the working fluid.
  • Each chamber 3 is connected to a common chamber 14 by means of a valve 4, their design and principle of operation are similar to the heating device according to the first embodiment, shown in figure 1.
  • the heating device operates as follows:
  • the working fluid moves from the chamber 3 to the chamber 14 according to the principles described in the first embodiment of the heating device.
  • the operating position of the device can be horizontal when all cameras 3 are in a horizontal plane. A different possible position is acceptable when using a transfer pump, similar to the heating device according to the first embodiment.
  • the common chamber 13 is equipped with a cooling heat exchanger 15, by means of which the heat carrier removes excess heat from the working fluid entering the heating device.
  • the working fluid is moved from the common chamber 13 to the chambers 3 through the valve 4, according to similar principles of moving the working fluid from the chamber 3 to the common chamber 14.
  • the working fluid enters the chamber 13, previously cooled in heat exchangers 8, passing sequentially through the chambers 3.
  • the flow control of the spent working fluid entering through the inlet channel 19 and passing through the chambers 3 and then entering the common chamber 13 is implemented by valves 18.
  • the valves 18 have an electromagnetic drive (not shown) and are made in three positions: The first position is that the valve is open to transfer the working fluid from channel 19 to the heat exchanger 8, while channel 19 is closed behind the valve, there is no connection to the common chamber 13. The second position - the valve is open to bypass the working fluid from the heat exchanger 8 to the heat exchanger 8, while there is no connection with the channel 19 and the common chamber 13. The third position - the valve is open to bypass the working fluid from the heat exchanger 8 into the common chamber 13, while the next heat exchanger 8 is closed and there is no connection to the channel 19. Valves 18 are used to control the flow of the spent working fluid, the place of entry and exit to the heat exchangers 8 of certain chambers 3.
  • This feature helps to implement a mode of operation of the heating device in which the most heated spent working fluid is supplied to the chambers 3 with the warmest working fluid, and the less heated working fluid is brought to the chambers 3 with the least heated working fluid .
  • the working fluid can be supplied in its own, for each chamber 3 filling channel 17, with each chamber 3 using its own cooling heat exchanger 15, designed to remove excess heat of the cooled working fluid from the filled chamber 3.
  • the heated working fluid from each chamber 3 will be diverted for use on its own channel 17 for each chamber 3.
  • the device has a discharge pump 12, designed to supply the working fluid to the heating device. In this case, it is possible to perform a heating device without a pressure pump 12.
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a heating device with the possibility of heat recovery for an engine with an external supply of heat.
  • a feature of the proposed variant of the device is work on working fluids, with before and after critical parameters of temperature and pressure, on working fluids with a phase and without phase transition, on gaseous working fluids.
  • the heating device consists of a housing 1, which is a cylinder, consisting of several periodically sealed, segment chambers 3 located radially relative to the common center. In the chambers 3 there is a working fluid 6, a steam interlayer 7 may also be present. Chambers 3 are designed to heat the working fluid contained in them due to the heat of the external heating medium entering them through the heat exchanger 16.
  • the valves 4 are designed to fill the working fluid and to divert the working fluid bodies from the chambers 3, the design of the valve 4 and the principle of its action are similar to option 1.
  • the heating device operates as follows:
  • the gas flow of the heating medium in the heat exchanger 16 is controlled by flag valves 23, the position of the valve flag 23 sets the direction for movement of the heating medium.
  • the gas is released through the exhaust pipes 24, in turn depending on the position of the flag valves 23.
  • a heating device operating mode is implemented in which the most heated heating medium is supplied to chambers 3 with the most heated working fluid, and chambers 3 with the least heated working fluid are supplied with a less heated heating medium.
  • the described principle of organizing heat transfer in the device it is possible to use another heating medium that is different in origin, for example, a spent working fluid, full or partial, parallel use of several heat exchangers interacting with the working fluid in chambers 3 is also possible.
  • a variant of the heating device is possible when the chambers 3 are movable with respect to the constant flow of a heating medium.
  • the movement of the cameras 3 in this case will be cyclic, and implemented from any drive device.
  • the chambers 3 are stationary, and a cyclic change in the position of the channel supplying the heating medium results in a change in the temperature of the heating medium relative to the working fluid in the chambers 3.
  • the working fluid 6 After heating the working fluid 6, it exits the chamber 3 through the exhaust channel 17 through the valve 4, for use, respectively, when filling the chamber 3, the working fluid 6, pumped by the feed pump 12 (not shown in Fig. 5), enters through the inlet channel 19 from the cooling heat exchanger 15.
  • the arrows in the diagram show the instantaneous direction s heating medium and the working fluid.
  • FIG. 6 shows a heating device with the possibility of heat recovery for an engine with an external supply of heat. Its difference from the embodiment of the heating device in FIG. 1 in that there is no condensate collector 1 1 and a discharge pump 12, and instead of a heat exchanger 10 with heat exchange coils 9 for condensate of the working fluid, a heat exchanger 16 is used for the heat carrier from an additional heat source.
  • the heating device shown in FIG. 6 operates similarly to the heating device shown in FIG. one.
  • FIG. 7 shows a piston converter of the energy of the working fluid into mechanical energy.
  • a feature of the piston transducer is the heat exchanger 16a located in the working chamber 25.
  • the heat exchanger 16a has a developed heat exchange surface in the form of grooves and is designed to supply heat to the working fluid located in the working chamber 25.
  • the slots 32 of the heat exchanger 16a are integral with the piston 27.
  • the grooves of the heat exchanger 16A and the plates 32 of the piston 27 are made with a gap allowing the working fluid 28 to pass between them.
  • the piston 27 and the cylinder 26 are sealed together by rings 30.
  • the converter operates as follows:
  • the piston 27 converts the energy of the expanding working fluid into mechanical rotation of the crank mechanism 31.
  • the valves 4 are driven by electromagnetic actuators (not shown) and control the inlet or outlet of the working fluid from the working chamber 25. Heat is supplied to the heat exchanger 16a by the heat carrier 29.
  • FIG. 8 shows a piston converter of the energy of the working fluid into mechanical energy.
  • This converter design is widely known and consists of a movable piston 27, cylinder 26, between which a working chamber 25 is formed.
  • the piston converter operates as follows:
  • the working fluid enters the working chamber 25 of the converter through the channel 17, and is discharged through the channel 19.
  • the inlet and outlet of the working fluid into the working chamber 25 are controlled by valves 4.
  • the mechanical energy from the piston 27 is discharged by a crank mechanism 31, the piston 27 and the cylinder 26 between sealed by rings 30.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of an engine with an external supply of heat.
  • a feature of this scheme is the operation of the engine on a gaseous working fluid.
  • An engine with an external supply of heat consists of a heating device, in this case it is a heat recuperator of the spent working fluid.
  • the heating device - the recuperator consists of three chambers 3, which are filled with a spent working fluid, heat exchangers 8 pass through the chambers 3 for regenerative heat exchange between the working fluid.
  • An engine with an external supply of heat operates as follows:
  • the flow of the working fluid between the chambers 3 is controlled by three-position valves 18, their possible position is shown schematically in FIG. 9 and is indicated by Roman numerals, I, II and III.
  • External motor heat is equipped with a heat exchanger 15 to remove heat into the external environment.
  • Valves 4 are designed to control the inlet and outlet of the working fluid from the energy converter of the working fluid into mechanical energy.
  • the working fluid is supplied to the converter via channel 17, and is discharged through channel 19.
  • the converter consists of a movable piston 27 and a cylinder, between which a working chamber 25 is formed. Heat is supplied to the working fluid entering the working chamber 25 from an external source through the heat exchanger 16a.
  • the triangles in FIG. 9 schematically shows the supply of heat.
  • Valves 18 and 4 are controlled by electromagnetic actuators (not shown).
  • the valve 4 on the channel 17 can open at different times, which allows you to compensate for the mass of the incoming working fluid in the working chamber 25 with a decrease in pressure in the chamber 3 and vice versa.
  • the piston 27 and the cylinder are sealed together by rings 30.
  • the piston has a developed surface due to the plates 32, the plates with a gap enter the grooves of the heat exchanger 16a.
  • the mechanical energy from the piston 27 is transmitted by the crank mechanism 31.
  • the arrows in the diagram show the movement of the working fluid in each of three cases, which generally describe the operation of this engine variant with external heat supply.
  • any of the proposed schemes of heating devices with their own specifics can be used as part of an engine with an external supply of heat and be equipped with various converters of the energy of the working fluid into mechanical energy.
  • FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of an engine with external heat input.
  • a piston converter of the energy of the working fluid into mechanical energy not equipped with its own heat exchanger for supplying heat to the working fluid in the working chamber 25, is shown as a converter.
  • a design feature is the supply of heat to the working fluid in the chambers 3 through the wall of the heat exchanger 16, while the wall of the chamber 3 is the wall of the heat exchanger 16. Also in the chambers 3 a tube is used - a steam line 33, designed to separate the condensate and steam flows when they moving between the chambers 3, additionally through the wall of the tube - steam line 33, heat exchange occurs between the steam and the condensate of the working fluid.
  • the valves 18 connecting the chambers 3, in this embodiment of the engine with an external supply of heat, are made rotary, they have two and in one case three operating positions, their operation is shown in FIG. 10 in a separate view, under the positions indicated by the Roman numerals I, I, III and IV.
  • the valve connects the chambers 3 and the steam pipe 33 in each of the chambers 3.
  • the valve separates the chambers 3 and the steam pipe 33, while the cavity of the steam pipe 33 is connected to the cavity of the chamber 3 in which it is located.
  • a three-position rotary valve 18 is shown; it connects the cavities of two chambers 3 and steam pipes 33.
  • position IV equally spaced chambers 3 and steam pipes 33 of these chambers are connected, while in the chamber 3 above, the cavity of the steam pipe 33 is connected to the cavity the camera itself 3.
  • a cylinder 26 is used as a converter of working fluid energy into mechanical energy, in which a piston 27 moves, forming a working chamber 25 between itself, a cylinder 26 and a piston 27 are sealed with rings 30, mechanical energy is transferred from the piston 27 by a crank mechanism 31.
  • the engine operates as follows:
  • Valves 4 and 18 have an electromagnetic drive (not shown).
  • the residual heat, including the latent heat of condensation of the working fluid is removed by the heat exchanger 15, the heat removed from the device can be used for additional needs (heating, hot water supply, etc.).
  • the order of supply of heat to the engine from an external source is shown by the dashed arrow 34.
  • the heat of any gases, liquids, own combustion chamber, etc. can be used as a source.
  • the heating device is equipped with a heat exchanger for heat removal 15.
  • the converter and the heating device are in a closed motor circuit with an external supply of heat.
  • an engine with an external supply of heat is cleaned of media other than the working fluid.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé de fonctionnement d'un moteur à amenée externe de la chaleur et des variantes de sa mise en oeuvre. Le fluide de travail est chauffé dans un dispositif qui comprend au moins deux chambres (3) grâce à la chaleur d'au moins un milieu chauffant, et à l'aide d'au moins un des échangeurs de chaleur (8, 10, 16) dans le dispositif de chauffage on modifie la température du milieu chauffant par rapport au fluide de travail dans les chambres (3) en envoyant dans les chambres (3) comportant un fluide de travail plus chaud un milieu chauffant plus chaud, et en envoyant de façon correspondante dans les chambres (3) comportant un fluide de travail moins chaud un milieu chauffant moins chaud; après le chauffage, le fluide de travail est évacué pour être utilisé dans un convertisseur de l'énergie du fluide de travail en énergie mécanique. Le résultat technique du groupe d'inventions consiste à augmenter le facteur de mérite grâce à une augmentation de l'efficacité de dilatation du fluide de travail et à la récupération de la chaleur du fluide de travail usé.
PCT/RU2015/000844 2015-12-02 2015-12-02 Moteur à amenée externe de la chaleur et procédé de son fonctionnement WO2017095255A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2015/000844 WO2017095255A1 (fr) 2015-12-02 2015-12-02 Moteur à amenée externe de la chaleur et procédé de son fonctionnement

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2015/000844 WO2017095255A1 (fr) 2015-12-02 2015-12-02 Moteur à amenée externe de la chaleur et procédé de son fonctionnement

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017095255A1 true WO2017095255A1 (fr) 2017-06-08

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3008295A (en) * 1958-04-21 1961-11-14 Sulzer Ag Steam power plant
US3178891A (en) * 1962-03-16 1965-04-20 Baldwin Lima Hamilton Corp Feedwater heater
US3837172A (en) * 1972-06-19 1974-09-24 Synergistic Services Inc Processing liquefied natural gas to deliver methane-enriched gas at high pressure
US4003205A (en) * 1974-08-09 1977-01-18 Hitachi, Ltd. Method and apparatus for operating a steam turbine plant having feed water heaters
RU2313049C2 (ru) * 2005-12-22 2007-12-20 Анатолий Иванович Малахов Способ заправки парокомпрессионной теплонасосной установки водой (варианты)
RU2315235C1 (ru) * 2006-04-07 2008-01-20 Александр Сергеевич Шамароков Пароводяной подогреватель
RU2335650C1 (ru) * 2007-03-15 2008-10-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Бинейро" Двигатель внешнего нагревания

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3008295A (en) * 1958-04-21 1961-11-14 Sulzer Ag Steam power plant
US3178891A (en) * 1962-03-16 1965-04-20 Baldwin Lima Hamilton Corp Feedwater heater
US3837172A (en) * 1972-06-19 1974-09-24 Synergistic Services Inc Processing liquefied natural gas to deliver methane-enriched gas at high pressure
US4003205A (en) * 1974-08-09 1977-01-18 Hitachi, Ltd. Method and apparatus for operating a steam turbine plant having feed water heaters
RU2313049C2 (ru) * 2005-12-22 2007-12-20 Анатолий Иванович Малахов Способ заправки парокомпрессионной теплонасосной установки водой (варианты)
RU2315235C1 (ru) * 2006-04-07 2008-01-20 Александр Сергеевич Шамароков Пароводяной подогреватель
RU2335650C1 (ru) * 2007-03-15 2008-10-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Бинейро" Двигатель внешнего нагревания

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