WO2017092520A1 - 一种锂离子电池电芯及锂离子电池 - Google Patents

一种锂离子电池电芯及锂离子电池 Download PDF

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WO2017092520A1
WO2017092520A1 PCT/CN2016/103256 CN2016103256W WO2017092520A1 WO 2017092520 A1 WO2017092520 A1 WO 2017092520A1 CN 2016103256 W CN2016103256 W CN 2016103256W WO 2017092520 A1 WO2017092520 A1 WO 2017092520A1
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Prior art keywords
negative electrode
tab
positive electrode
positive
ion battery
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PCT/CN2016/103256
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
钟宽
林炳辉
陈阳
王文华
刘洪明
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珠海格力电器股份有限公司
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Priority to EP16869830.6A priority Critical patent/EP3386025B1/en
Priority to US15/779,384 priority patent/US20180342759A1/en
Priority to AU2016364095A priority patent/AU2016364095B2/en
Priority to ES16869830T priority patent/ES2895046T3/es
Priority to CA3004955A priority patent/CA3004955C/en
Publication of WO2017092520A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017092520A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/538—Connection of several leads or tabs of wound or folded electrode stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0459—Cells or batteries with folded separator between plate-like electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/534—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the material of the leads or tabs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a lithium ion battery cell and a lithium ion battery.
  • lithium ion batteries At present, clean and efficient energy conversion energy storage devices such as lithium ion batteries have been widely used.
  • types of power lithium-ion batteries there are mainly cylindrical type, laminated aluminum plastic film, wound square (aluminum shell), laminated square and the like.
  • Cylindrical batteries have mature technology, high consistency, high design rate, but low capacity.
  • For electric vehicles a large number of battery cells are required. The management of battery modules is complicated, and the difference between battery cells leads to battery life and The performance is declining.
  • the laminated battery has the advantage of high rate performance, but the process requirements are complicated and there is a problem of easy self-discharge. Winding type square batteries, the capacity can be designed to a higher value, but the rate performance will be reduced.
  • the battery is made of an aluminum-plastic film casing, and the battery is easily deformed and damaged by an external force.
  • the energy storage field it is inclined to apply a large-capacity single cell, and the energy storage battery has low requirements for rate performance, and the aluminum-shell battery has an advantage in this respect.
  • good rate performance is also required. Therefore, designing a larger capacity battery, using an aluminum casing, and improving the rate performance, is of great interest to applications requiring large-capacity single cells, such as electric vehicles and energy storage.
  • Laminated batteries are an effective way to make high rate batteries. Due to the lamination characteristics of the laminated battery, the number of the ear is large, and the rate performance is superior. However, the battery preparation efficiency of this structure is low, the layer and the layer are easily displaced, and the edge burrs of the pole piece are more dangerous, and in addition, the self-discharge of such a battery is large.
  • the number of poles can be increased by increasing the number of winding cores in parallel, but this can reduce the battery capacity on the one hand, and reduce the preparation efficiency of the battery on the other hand, and may also affect the consistency of the battery. Therefore, there is a need for a new type of lithium ion battery.
  • one technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a lithium ion battery cell and a lithium ion battery, which can have a plurality of positive and negative electrodes and form a battery core in a winding manner.
  • a lithium ion battery cell comprises: a positive electrode sheet, a separator and a negative electrode sheet, wherein a plurality of positive electrode ears and a plurality of negative electrode ears are sequentially arranged on the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet in an unfolded state;
  • the negative electrode sheet is separated from the separator by a separator and wound to form a lithium ion battery cell, and the plurality of positive electrode tabs and the plurality of negative electrode tabs form a tab-stacked structure or a tab-staggered arrangement structure.
  • the lithium ion battery cell is a square cell, and the plurality of positive ears form a tab structure; wherein t is a sum of thicknesses of the positive electrode sheet, the separator and the negative electrode sheet, w is a cell width, a positive electrode ear closest to the head of the positive electrode sheet is a first positive electrode, and n 1 is along the positive electrode sheet.
  • the positive electrode tab located on the n 1 at the positive electrode sheet w, n 3 refers to the positive electrode sheet along the head to tail direction, the positive electrode tab located on a w n 3 +1 on the positive electrode sheet At the office.
  • the plurality of positive electrode ears form a tab staggered arrangement, wherein d 1 of the m 1 positive ear of the plurality of positive electrodes increases or decreases corresponding thereto a first pitch value; and/or the plurality of negative electrode tabs form a tab staggered arrangement, wherein d 2 of the m 2 negative ear of the plurality of negative ear increases or decreases a second pitch corresponding thereto value.
  • the spacing between adjacent two staggered positive electrode ears of the m 1 positive electrode ears is the same.
  • d 1 n 1 wx 1 +(0.5 ⁇ t ⁇ n 1 -0.5 ⁇ t)
  • q is the spacing between adjacent two staggered positive electrode ears
  • m is along the head to the tail of the positive electrode sheet Direction
  • sequence number of each positive ear in the m 1 positive electrode ears 1 ⁇ m ⁇ m 1 .
  • d 1 n 3 w+x 1 +[0.5 ⁇ t ⁇ (n 3 +1)-0.5 ⁇ t]
  • q is the spacing between adjacent two staggered positive electrode ears
  • m is along the positive electrode The order of the head to the tail direction of the sheet, and the sequence number of each of the positive and negative ears of the m 1 positive electrode ears, 1 ⁇ m ⁇ m 1 .
  • the spacing between adjacent two staggered negative electrode ears of the m 2 negative electrode ears is the same.
  • d 2 n 2 wx 2 + (0.5 ⁇ t ⁇ n 2 -0.5 ⁇ t)
  • q is the spacing between adjacent two staggered negative electrode ears
  • m is along the head to the tail of the negative electrode sheet The direction, the sequence number of each of the negative electrode ears of the m 2 negative electrode ears, 1 ⁇ m ⁇ m 2 .
  • d 2 n 4 w + x 2 + [0.5 ⁇ t ⁇ (n 4 +1) - 0.5 ⁇ t]
  • q is the spacing between adjacent two staggered negative electrode ears
  • m is along the negative electrode The head-to-tail direction of the sheet, the sequence number of each of the negative electrode ears of the m 2 negative electrode ears, 1 ⁇ m ⁇ m 2 .
  • the first tab margin x 1 is less than or equal to 0.5 w; and the second tab margin x 2 is less than or equal to 0.5 w.
  • the cell width w is greater than or equal to 5 cm and less than or equal to 20 cm.
  • a distance between the tail of the positive electrode tab and the positive electrode ear closest thereto is less than 8w; a distance between the tail of the negative electrode tab and the negative electrode ear closest thereto Less than 8w.
  • the positive electrode ear is an aluminum tab or an aluminum-nickel alloy tab
  • the negative electrode ear is a nickel tab, a copper tab or a copper-nickel alloy tab.
  • the plurality of positive electrodes and the plurality of negative electrodes are respectively welded together by ultrasonic waves.
  • the positive electrode sheet is coated with a positive electrode slurry prepared by mixing a positive electrode powder, a conductive agent, a binder, and an additive; and coating the negative electrode sheet There is a negative electrode slurry which is prepared by mixing a negative electrode powder, a conductive agent, a binder, and an additive.
  • a lithium ion battery comprising: a battery housing and a lithium ion battery cell as described above located within the battery housing.
  • the battery casing is an aluminum casing.
  • the lithium ion battery cell and the lithium ion battery of the invention can improve the rate performance of the battery, can improve the consistency of the battery core, facilitate the group and modular expansion, ensure stable operation and prolong the service life, and can also improve safety. Performance and increase production efficiency, reduce the incidence of edge burrs on the pole piece, can reduce the self-discharge rate and improve the stability of the battery.
  • FIG. 1A and 1B are schematic development views of a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet of a lithium ion battery cell of the present invention, wherein FIG. 1A is a positive electrode sheet, and FIG. 1B is a negative electrode sheet;
  • FIG. 2A and 2B are another exploded view of a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet of a lithium ion battery cell of the present invention, wherein FIG. 2A is a positive electrode sheet, and FIG. 2B is a negative electrode sheet;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of one embodiment of a lithium ion battery cell in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of a lithium ion battery cell in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the coating and the tab position of the lithium ion battery cell of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a pole piece coating and a tab distribution of a lithium ion battery cell of the present invention
  • Figure 7 is a diagram showing the arrangement of the bipolar positive electrode spacing 0.5 cm pole piece of the lithium ion battery cell of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a view showing a negative electrode sheet of three tabs arranged in a lithium ion battery cell of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a view showing a position of a tab arrangement of a lithium ion battery cell of the present invention having an overlapping and arranging dual mode.
  • the present invention provides a lithium ion battery cell in which a plurality of positive electrode tabs and a plurality of negative electrode tabs are sequentially arranged on a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet in an unfolded state, and a winding method is adopted.
  • the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab are separated by a separator and wound to form a lithium ion battery cell, and the plurality of positive electrode tabs and the plurality of negative electrode tabs form a tab structure or a tab staggered arrangement.
  • the plurality of positive electrodes and the plurality of negative electrodes may be located at one end of the lithium ion battery cells at the same time, or may be located at both ends of the lithium ion battery cells.
  • the lithium ion battery cell of the invention is provided with more than one positive electrode ear and more than one negative electrode ear, which not only makes the battery have good high current discharge performance, but also can select the density of the ear according to actual production needs.
  • the use of a wound multi-pole design instead of a laminate design greatly reduces the incidence of edge burrs on the pole pieces, thereby reducing the self-discharge rate and improving the stability of the battery.
  • a plurality of positive electrodes are arranged in parallel along the length direction of the positive electrode tab 6, and the distance between the first positive electrode tab 2 and the head of the positive electrode tab 6 is the first tab margin x 1 .
  • the head of the positive electrode tab 6 is the left end of the positive electrode tab 6, and the positive electrode ear closest to the head of the positive electrode tab 6 is the first positive electrode tab 2.
  • the tabs are generally not placed on the leftmost or rightmost side of the cell. Setting the tab margins allows for easy cell packaging and avoids possible short circuits. The distance from the tab to the edge of the cell is the margin of the ear.
  • n 1 refers to the head portion along the direction of the positive electrode plate 6 to the tail, the positive electrode tab located on the n 1 w at the positive electrode sheet, n 1 ⁇ 2.
  • n 1 4
  • a plurality of negative electrode ears are arranged in parallel along the longitudinal direction of the negative electrode tab 5, and a distance between the first negative electrode tab 1 and the head of the negative electrode tab 5 is a second tab margin x 2 , and a plurality of negative ear tabs
  • n 2 refers to the negative electrode plate along the direction of the head to the tail 5, the negative electrode tab located on the w-n 2 at the negative electrode sheet 5, n 2 ⁇ 2.
  • a plurality of positive electrodes are arranged in parallel along the length direction of the positive electrode tab 6, and the distance between the first positive electrode tab 2 and the head of the positive electrode tab 6 is the first tab margin x 1
  • n 3 means the n 3 +1th w at the positive electrode tab 6 in the direction from the head to the tail of the positive electrode tab 6 .
  • the positive electrode tab may be calculated d 4 1, and so can calculate the remaining positive tab d 1.
  • n 4 means the direction from the head to the tail of the negative electrode tab 5, and the negative electrode tab is located at the n 4 +1th w on the negative electrode tab 5.
  • n 4 4w + x 1 + [0.5 ⁇ t ⁇ (4 + 1) - 0.5 ⁇ t]
  • the remaining parameter values into specific the negative electrode tab may be calculated 2 d 3, and so can calculate the remaining negative tab d 2.
  • the lithium ion battery cell is a square cell, and a separator is disposed between the positive electrode 6 and the negative electrode 5, which may be two or more layers.
  • a separator is disposed between the positive electrode 6 and the negative electrode 5, which may be two or more layers.
  • a plurality of positive electrodes are formed.
  • Ear and more The negative electrode ears can form a tab structure, as shown in FIG. 3, after the winding, the positive and negative ears are neatly overlapped with one end of the battery cell 7, and x is the tab edge.
  • the first tab margin x 1 and the second tab margin x 2 may be the same or different.
  • the first tab margin x 1 is less than or equal to 0.5 w; the second tab margin x 2 is less than or equal to 0.5 w.
  • w is the cell width, and the cell width w is greater than or equal to 5 cm and less than or equal to 20 cm.
  • h is the height, the range of h is 5 cm ⁇ h ⁇ 20 cm, the thickness of the cell is d, and the range is 0.5 cm ⁇ d ⁇ 5 cm.
  • the negative electrode sheet length L 1 and the positive electrode sheet length L 2 are: 10 w ⁇ L 1 and L 2 ⁇ 200 w.
  • y is the length of the tail, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 8w.
  • the lithium ion battery cell in the above embodiment adopts a winding mode, and after the first tab is set, the position of the second or more tabs is passed by the formula nw-x+(0.5 ⁇ t ⁇ n-0.5 ⁇ t) or nw. +x+[0.5 ⁇ t ⁇ (n+1)-0.5 ⁇ t] is calculated.
  • the above two formulas are general formulas for calculating the second or more positive and negative ear.
  • x is replaced by x 1 or x 2
  • n is adopted by n 1 , n 2 , n 3 Or n 4 replacement.
  • the position of the tab calculated by nw+x+[0.5 ⁇ t ⁇ (n+1)-0.5 ⁇ t falls at the rear end at nw
  • the position of the tab calculated by nw-x+(0.5 ⁇ t ⁇ n-0.5 ⁇ t) falls.
  • the current collector of the positive electrode sheet is an aluminum foil
  • the current collector of the negative electrode sheet is a copper foil.
  • the positive electrode slurry containing the lithium ion active material is continuously and uniformly coated on the aluminum foil to form a positive electrode sheet
  • the negative electrode slurry containing the lithium ion active material is continuously and uniformly coated on the copper foil to prepare a negative electrode sheet.
  • the positive and negative electrode sheets are reserved for the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the use of a welded multi-pole design to fabricate the core in a coiled manner can improve the rate performance of medium and large-sized lithium-ion batteries while achieving good consistency and stability of the battery, facilitating grouping and modular expansion. Guarantee the stable operation of the system and extend the service life.
  • the plurality of negative electrode ears may form a tab-staggered arrangement structure, and d 2 of the m 2 negative electrode ears of the plurality of negative electrode ears are increased or decreased by a second pitch value corresponding thereto, so that the plurality of overlapping negative electrode pairs are arranged
  • m 2 negative electrode staggered arrays m 2 may be 1, 2, 3, etc., and the spacing between adjacent two staggered negative electrode ears may be the same or different.
  • the negative electrode array 1' and the positive electrode array 2' in Fig. 4 are in a staggered arrangement.
  • m 1 positive electrodes of each of the positive electrode tab d 1 of each ear a first spacing value plus mq.
  • d 1 n 3 w+x 1 +[0.5 ⁇ t ⁇ (n 3 +1)-0.5 ⁇ t]
  • q is the spacing between adjacent two staggered positive electrode ears
  • m is along the head of the positive electrode sheet
  • m 2 negative electrodes of adjacent ears same pitch between two staggered negative electrode tab.
  • M 2 from the first negative electrodes in the ear begins, m 2 of each of the negative electrodes negative electrode tab ear d 2 of the first spacing value subtracting mq.
  • d 2 n 2 wx 2 +(0.5 ⁇ t ⁇ n 2 -0.5 ⁇ t), q is the spacing between adjacent two staggered negative electrode ears, m is along the head to the tail of the negative electrode sheet, m 2 The sequence number of each negative electrode ear in the negative electrode ear, 1 ⁇ m ⁇ m 2 .
  • ears m 2 negative electrodes of each of the negative electrode tab respectively, d 2 of the first spacing value plus mq.
  • d 2 n 4 w+x 2 +[0.5 ⁇ t ⁇ (n 4 +1)-0.5 ⁇ t]
  • q is the spacing between adjacent two staggered anode ears
  • m is along the head of the negative electrode sheet
  • the overlap of the poles of the lithium-ion battery cell satisfies the formula nw+x+[0.5 ⁇ t ⁇ (n+1)-0.5 ⁇ t and nw-x+(0.5 ⁇ t ⁇ n-0.5 ⁇ t), which is the basis of the above two formulas.
  • the tabs are arranged in a staggered manner, and the spacing between two adjacent tabs is q. If the first ear is in the middle, the left ear position is moved q to the outside, and the right side is moved q to the inside. For the tab that calculates the position by nw-x+(0.5 ⁇ t ⁇ n-0.5 ⁇ t), since the tab is at the back end at nw, The two ears start, the ear needs to move forward. For the ear that calculates the position by nw+x+[0.5 ⁇ t ⁇ (n+1)-0.5 ⁇ t], the ear is at the front end at (n+1)w So, starting from the second ear, the ear needs to move backwards.
  • the present invention provides a lithium ion battery comprising: a battery housing and a lithium ion battery cell as described above located within the battery housing.
  • the negative electrode and the positive electrode are located on the same side of the battery core, and the positive and negative ear can be connected to the pole of the battery case by bolting or riveting.
  • the battery case is an aluminum case or the like.
  • the positive electrode sheet is coated with a positive electrode slurry, and the positive electrode slurry is prepared by mixing a positive electrode powder, a conductive agent, a binder, and an additive.
  • a negative electrode slurry is coated on the negative electrode sheet, and the negative electrode slurry is prepared by mixing a negative electrode powder, a conductive agent, a binder, and an additive.
  • the aluminum shell side wall and the positive wall thickness are both 0.3 mm, the bottom thickness is 0.6 mm, the design cell thickness d is 0.82 cm, the positive electrode sheet width is 14 cm, the negative electrode sheet width is 14.2 cm, and the diaphragm width is 14.5 cm. .
  • the positive active material is a ternary material with a specific capacity of 150 mAh/g; the negative active material is artificial graphite or composite graphite, the specific capacity is 345 mAh/g, and the negative electrode capacity is 4% excess.
  • the composition of the positive electrode slurry was: 95.5% ternary material, 2% binder, 1.5% conductive agent and 1% nano inorganic functional additive.
  • the compacted density was 3.6 g/cm 3
  • the thickness of the single layer coating was 0.064 mm
  • the areal density was 461 g/m 2
  • the thickness of the current collector aluminum foil was 0.012 mm
  • the calculated unit capacity was 7.224 mAh/cm 2 .
  • the composition of the negative electrode slurry was: 95.5% ternary material, 1.2% thickener, 1.5% binder, 1% conductive agent and 0.8% nano inorganic functional additive.
  • the compacted density was 1.5 g/cm 3
  • the thickness of the single layer coating was 0.070 mm
  • the areal density was 224 g/m 2
  • the thickness of the current collector aluminum foil was 0.009 mm
  • the calculated unit capacity was 7.4 mAh/cm 2 .
  • t is 0.33 mm.
  • the length of the pole piece having the coating was 175 cm according to the thickness of the core, the thickness of the positive and negative electrodes, and the thickness of the separator.
  • the specific coating size is shown in Table 1 below, and the battery capacity was 35 Ah.
  • the coating schematic is shown in Fig. 5, where x is set to 1.5 cm, the width of the tab is 1.5 cm, and w is calculated to be 7 cm (the width of the innermost unit roll layer after the needle is withdrawn).
  • nw+x+[0.5 ⁇ t ⁇ (n+1)-0.5 ⁇ t] the specificity of each ear
  • the position is calculated as shown in Fig. 5 (the pitches of the positive and negative ears are the same).
  • the ear solder can be soldered directly to the aluminum cap or welded to a large transition piece of metal and then soldered to the cap of the aluminum case.
  • a wettable negative active material such as a slightly oxidized graphite material can be used.
  • a silicon carbon negative electrode material can be used, which has a certain absorption effect on the increase in capacity.
  • the position of the positive ear position is the same as the positive ear position in FIG. 5, and the position of the negative ear is arranged in accordance with the following formula: nw-x+(0.5 ⁇ t ⁇ n-0.5 ⁇ t), the specific position is as shown in FIG. 6 is shown.
  • the poles of the lithium ion battery cell are arranged in a staggered arrangement, and the positive and negative electrodes are each provided with 2 tabs, the pitch of the tabs is 0.5 cm, and the distribution of the tabs is nw-x+(0.5 ⁇ t ⁇ n- In the case of 0.5 ⁇ t), as long as one of the tab positions is moved forward by 0.5 cm, a staggered arrangement is formed, and the pitches of the staggered arrays are the same.
  • the tabs of the lithium ion battery cells are in a staggered arrangement.
  • Three tabs are provided on each of the positive and negative electrodes, each of which has a width of 1 cm, and a staggered arrangement of the tabs has an interval of 0.4 cm.
  • the position of the negative electrode ear is as shown in Fig. 8, and the position of the positive electrode ear is similar to the position of the negative electrode ear.
  • the tabs of the lithium ion battery cells are either overlapped or staggered.
  • the overlapping tabs are two sets of tabs, and the staggered tabs are spaced 0.5 cm apart.
  • the position of the overlapping tabs is at nw+x+[0.5 ⁇ t ⁇ (n+1)-0.5 ⁇ t], and the positions of the staggered tabs are at Nw+x+[0.5 ⁇ t ⁇ (n+1)-0.5 ⁇ t]+0.5, as shown in Fig.
  • the overlapped tabs have n of 4 and 8 (corresponding to 30.2 cm and 59.8 cm), and another set of overlaps
  • the tabs of the tabs are 16 and 20 (corresponding to 121.9 cm and 153.9 cm), or the positions of the overlapping tabs are at nw-x+(0.5 ⁇ t ⁇ n-0.5 ⁇ t), and the positions of the staggered tabs are at nw- x+(0.5 ⁇ t ⁇ n-0.5 ⁇ t)-0.5.
  • the lithium ion battery cell and the lithium ion battery adopt multi-pole design, which greatly improves the rate performance of the battery;
  • the multi-pole design based on the winding method can improve the consistency of the battery core, and is favorable for the consistency of the battery core.
  • the formation of lithium phenomenon improves the safety performance while improving the production efficiency;
  • the winding multi-pole design instead of the lamination design greatly reduces the generation rate of the edge burr of the pole piece, thereby reducing the self-discharge rate.
  • Improve battery stability is described in order to avoid the complicated process caused by blanking the positive electrode area corresponding to the negative electrode ear.
  • the methods and systems of the present invention may be implemented in a number of ways.
  • the methods and systems of the present invention can be implemented in software, hardware, firmware, or any combination of software, hardware, and firmware.
  • the above-described sequence of steps for the method is for illustrative purposes only, and the steps of the method of the present invention are not limited to the order specifically described above unless otherwise specifically stated.
  • the invention may also be embodied as a program recorded in a recording medium, the program comprising machine readable instructions for implementing the method according to the invention.
  • the invention also covers a recording medium storing a program for performing the method according to the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种锂离子电池电芯及锂离子电池，其中的锂离子电池电芯包括：正极片、隔膜和负极片，在展开状态下的正极片、负极片上分别依次排列有多个正极耳、多个负极耳；正极片与负极片通过隔膜隔开并卷绕形成锂离子电池电芯，多个正极耳和多个负极耳形成极耳叠合结构或极耳错开排列结构。本发明的锂离子电池电芯及锂离子电池，可以提升了电池的倍率性能，并能够提高电芯的一致性，利于成组和模块化扩展，保证稳定运行和延长使用寿命，也可以提高安全性能并提高生产效率，降低极片边缘毛刺的产生率，能够降低自放电率，提高电池的稳定性。

Description

一种锂离子电池电芯及锂离子电池
本申请要求于2015年11月30日提交中国专利局、申请号为201510861234.X、发明名称为“一种锂离子电池电芯及锂离子电池”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及锂离子电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种锂离子电池电芯及锂离子电池。
背景技术
目前，锂离子电池等清洁、高效的能源转换储能设备已得到广泛的应用。对于动力锂离子电池的类型，主要有圆柱型、叠片式铝塑膜、卷绕方形(铝壳)、叠片方形等。圆柱型电池工艺成熟、一致性高，可设计高倍率，但是容量较低，用于电动汽车需大量电池单体，管理电池模块较复杂，并且电池单体之间的差异会导致电池组寿命和性能的下降。叠片式电池，具有倍率性能高的优势，然而工艺要求比较复杂，并且存在易于自放电的问题。卷绕型方形电池，容量可以设计较高的值，但是倍率性能会下降。此外，采用铝塑膜外壳的电池，电池易于变形和被外力破坏。对于储能领域，倾向于应用大容量单体电池，储能电池对于倍率性能要求不高，铝壳电池在这方面具有优势。然而，对于高端储能产品，同样需求良好的倍率性能。因此，设计较大容量的电池，采用铝壳封装，并且提高倍率性能，对于需求大容量单体电池的应用领域如电动汽车和储能领域是很有意义的。
为了提高锂离子电池功率密度，即提高电池的倍率性能，需不断降低电池的内阻，减小电池内部的极化，加速电流的输出。达到这些目标的一种有效的方法是增加电池的极耳数量。叠片电池是制作高倍率电池的一种有效的方法。叠片电池由于层叠的特点，极耳数量多，倍率性能优越。但这种结构的电池制备效率低、层与层间易移位、极片边缘毛刺多安全隐患大，此外，这类电池的自放电较大。对于卷绕型的锂电池，通过增加卷芯并联数量可增加极耳数量，但是这会一方面降低电池容量，另一方面降低电池的制备效率，此外还可能影响电池的一致性。因此，需要一种新型的锂离子电池。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明要解决的一个技术问题是提供一种锂离子电池电芯及锂离子电池，可以具有多个正、负极耳并以卷绕方式形成电芯。
一种锂离子电池电芯，包括：正极片、隔膜和负极片，在展开状态下的所述正极片、所述负极片上分别依次排列有多个正极耳、多个负极耳；所述正极片与所述负极片通过所述隔膜隔开并卷绕形成锂离子电池电芯，所述多个正极耳和所述多个负极耳形成极耳叠合结构或极耳错开排列结构。
根据本发明的一个实施例，进一步的，所述多个正极耳沿所述正极片的长度方向平行排列，第一正极耳与所述正极片头部之间的距离为第一极耳边距x1，所述多个正极耳中的其余正极耳与所述正极片头部之间的距离为d1，d1＝n1w-x1+(0.5πt∑n1-0.5πt)或d1＝n3w+x1+[0.5πt∑(n3+1)-0.5πt]；锂离子电池电芯为方形电芯，所述多个正极耳形成极耳叠合结构；其中，t为所述正极片、所述隔膜和所述负极片厚度的和，w为电芯宽度，距离所述正极片头部最近的正极耳为第一正极耳，n1是指沿所述正极片的头部到尾部的方向、正极耳位于正极片上的第n1个w处，n3是指沿所述正极片的头部到尾部的方向、正极耳位于正极片上的第n3+1个w处。
根据本发明的一个实施例，进一步的，所述多个负极耳沿所述负极片的长度方向平行排列，第一负极耳与所述负极片头部之间的距离为第二极耳边距x2，所述多个负极耳中的其余负极耳与所述负极片头部之间的距离为d2，d2＝n2w-x2+(0.5πt∑n2-0.5πt)或d2＝n4w+x2+[0.5πt∑(n4+1)-0.5πt]；所述多个负极耳形成极耳叠合结构；其中，距离所述负极片头部最近的负极耳为第一负极耳，n2是指沿所述负极片的头部到尾部的方向、负极耳位于负极片上的第n2个w处，n4是指沿所述负极片的头部到尾部的方向，负极耳位于负极片上的第n4+1个w处。
根据本发明的一个实施例，进一步的，所述多个正极耳形成极耳错开排列结构，其中，所述多个正极耳中的m1个正极耳的d1增加或减去与其相对应的第一间距值；和/或所述多个负极耳形成极耳错开排列结构，其中，所述多个负极耳中的m2个负极耳的d2增加或减去与其相对应的第二间距值。
根据本发明的一个实施例，进一步的，所述m1个正极耳中相邻两个错开 排列的正极耳之间的间距相同。
根据本发明的一个实施例，进一步的，从所述m1个正极耳中的第一个开始，所述m1个正极耳中的每个正极耳的d1分别减去第一间距值mq；其中，d1＝n1w-x1+(0.5πt∑n1-0.5πt)，q为相邻两个错开排列的正极耳之间的间距，m为沿所述正极片的头部到尾部方向、所述m1个正极耳中的各正极耳的顺序号，1≤m≤m1。
根据本发明的一个实施例，进一步的，从所述m1个正极耳中的第一个开始，所述m1个正极耳中的每个正极耳的d1分别加上第一间距值mq；其中，d1＝n3w+x1+[0.5πt∑(n3+1)-0.5πt]，q为相邻两个错开排列的正极耳之间的间距，m为沿所述正极片的头部到尾部方向、所述m1个正极耳中的各正极耳的顺序号，1≤m≤m1。
根据本发明的一个实施例，进一步的，所述m2个负极耳中相邻两个错开排列的负极耳之间的间距相同。
根据本发明的一个实施例，进一步的，从所述m2个负极耳中的第一个开始，所述m2个负极耳中的每个负极耳的d2分别减去第一间距值mq；其中，d2＝n2w-x2+(0.5πt∑n2-0.5πt)，q为相邻两个错开排列的负极耳之间的间距，m为沿所述负极片的头部到尾部方向、所述m2个负极耳中的各负极耳的顺序号，1≤m≤m2。
根据本发明的一个实施例，进一步的，从所述m2个负极耳中的第一个开始，所述m2个负极耳中的每个负极耳的d2分别加上第一间距值mq；其中，d2＝n4w+x2+[0.5πt∑(n4+1)-0.5πt]，q为相邻两个错开排列的负极耳之间的间距，m为沿所述负极片的头部到尾部方向、所述m2个负极耳中的各负极耳的顺序号，1≤m≤m2。
根据本发明的一个实施例，进一步的，所述第一极耳边距x1小于等于0.5w；所述第二极耳边距x2小于等于0.5w。
根据本发明的一个实施例，进一步的，所述电芯宽度w大于等于5cm并小于等于20cm。
根据本发明的一个实施例，进一步的，所述正极片尾部与距离其最近的正极耳之间的距离小于8w；所述负极片尾部与距离其最近的负极耳与之间的距 离小于8w。
根据本发明的一个实施例，进一步的，所述正极耳为铝极耳或铝镍合金极耳；所述负极耳为镍极耳、铜极耳或铜镍合金极耳。
根据本发明的一个实施例，进一步的，所述多个正极耳、所述多个负极耳分别通过超声波焊接在一起。
根据本发明的一个实施例，进一步的，在所述正极片上涂有正极浆料，所述正极浆料由正极粉料、导电剂、粘接剂和添加剂混合制成；在所述负极片上涂有负极浆料，所述负极浆料由负极粉料、导电剂、粘接剂和添加剂混合制成。
一种锂离子电池，包括:电池外壳和位于所述电池外壳内的如上所述的锂离子电池电芯。
根据本发明的一个实施例，进一步的，所述电池外壳为铝外壳。
本发明的锂离子电池电芯及锂离子电池，可以提升了电池的倍率性能，并能够提高电芯的一致性，利于成组和模块化扩展，保证稳定运行和延长使用寿命，也可以提高安全性能并提高生产效率，降低极片边缘毛刺的产生率，能够降低自放电率，提高电池的稳定性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1A和1B为本发明的锂离子电池电芯的正极片和负极片的一个展开示意图，其中，图1A为正极片，图1B为负极片；
图2A和2B为本发明的锂离子电池电芯的正极片和负极片的另一个展开示意图，其中，图2A为正极片，图2B为负极片；
图3为根据本发明的锂离子电池电芯的一个实施例的示意图；
图4为根据本发明的锂离子电池电芯的另一个实施例的示意图；
图5为本发明的锂离子电池电芯的涂布和极耳位置示意图；
图6为本发明的锂离子电池电芯的极片涂布和极耳分布图；
图7为本发明的锂离子电池电芯的双正极耳间隔0.5cm极片排列图；
图8为本发明的锂离子电池电芯的3个极耳排列的负极片图；
图9为本发明的锂离子电池电芯的具有重叠和排列双重模式的极耳排布位置图。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图对本发明进行更全面的描述，其中说明本发明的示例性实施例。下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。下面结合各个图和实施例对本发明的技术方案进行多方面的描述。
下文为了叙述方便，下文中所称的“左”、“右”、“上”、“下”与附图本身的左、右、上、下方向一致。“前端”、“后端”或“末端”等为附图本身的左、右。本发明中“第一”、“第二”等为描述上加以区别，并没有其它特殊的含义。
如图1A至图4所示，本发明提供一种锂离子电池电芯，在展开状态下的正极片、负极片上分别依次排列有多个正极耳、多个负极耳，采用卷绕的方式，正极片与负极片通过隔膜隔开并卷绕形成锂离子电池电芯，多个正极耳和多个负极耳形成极耳叠合结构或极耳错开排列结构。多个正极耳和多个负极耳可以同时位于锂离子电池电芯的一端，也可以分别位于锂离子电池电芯的两端。
本发明的锂离子电池电芯设有一个以上正极耳和一个以上负极耳，不但使电池具有良好的大电流放电性能，还可以根据实际生产需要选择极耳的疏密。采用卷绕多极耳设计而不是叠片设计，大大降低了极片边缘毛刺的产生率，从而降低了自放电率，提高电池的稳定性。
在一个实施例中，如图1A所示，多个正极耳沿正极片6的长度方向平行排列，第一正极耳2与正极片6头部之间的距离为第一极耳边距x1。正极片6头部即为正极片6的左端，距离正极片6头部最近的正极耳为第一正极耳2。极耳一般不会设置在电芯的最左或最右边，设置极耳边距可以方便电芯封装，并可以避免可能发生短路的现象。极耳到电芯边缘的距离即为极耳边距。
多个正极耳中的其余正极耳与正极片6头部之间的距离为d1，d1＝n1w-x1+(0.5πt∑n1-0.5πt)。t为正极片、隔膜和负极片厚度的和，即为最小卷 绕组厚度，w为电芯宽度，即为电芯最内层宽度。n1是指沿正极片6的头部到尾部的方向、正极耳位于正极片上的第n1个w处，n1≥2。
例如，在计算正极耳4的d1时，n1为4，正极耳4位于正极片6上的第4个w处，d1＝4w-x1+(0.5πt∑4-0.5πt)，∑4＝1+2+3+4＝10，将其它参数具体的值带入，可以计算出正极耳4的d1，依次类推可以计算出其余正极耳的d1。
如图1B所示，多个负极耳沿负极片5的长度方向平行排列，第一负极耳1与负极片5头部之间的距离为第二极耳边距x2，多个负极耳中的其余负极耳与负极片5头部之间的距离为d2，d2＝n2w-x2+(0.5πt∑n2-0.5πt)。n2是指沿负极片5的头部到尾部的方向，负极耳位于负极片5上的第n2个w处，n2≥2。
例如，在计算负极耳3的d2时，n2为4，负极耳3位于负极片5上的第4个w处，d2＝4w-x2+(0.5πt∑4-0.5πt)，∑4＝1+2+3+4＝10，将其余具体的参数值带入，可以计算出负极耳3的d2，依次类推可以计算出其余负极耳的d2。
在一个实施例中，如图2A所示，多个正极耳沿正极片6的长度方向平行排列，第一正极耳2与正极片6头部之间的距离为第一极耳边距x1，多个正极耳中的其余正极耳与正极片6头部之间的距离为d1，d1＝n3w+x1+[0.5πt∑(n3+1)-0.5πt]。n3是指沿所述正极片6的头部到尾部的方向、正极耳位于正极片6上的第n3+1个w处。
例如，在计算正极耳4的d1时，n3为4，正极耳4位于正极片上的第5个w处，d1＝4w+x1+[0.5πt∑(4+1)-0.5πt]，∑4＝1+2+3+4＝10，将其余具体的参数值带入，可以计算出正极耳4的d1，依次类推可以计算出其余正极耳的d1。
如图2B所示，多个负极耳沿负极片5的长度方向平行排列，第一负极耳1与负极片5头部之间的距离为第二极耳边距x2，多个负极耳中的其余负极耳与负极片5头部之间的距离为d2，d2＝n4w+x2+[0.5πt∑(n4+1)-0.5πt]。n4是指沿负极片5的头部到尾部的方向，负极耳位于负极片5上的第n4+1个w处。
例如，在计算负极耳3的d2时，n4为4，负极耳3位于负极片5上的第5个w处，d2＝4w+x1+[0.5πt∑(4+1)-0.5πt]，∑4＝1+2+3+4＝10，将其余具体的参数值带入，可以计算出负极耳3的d2，依次类推可以计算出其余负极耳的d2。
锂离子电池电芯为方形电芯，在正极片6、负极片5之间设置隔膜，可以为2层或更多层，在通过卷针卷绕形成锂离子电池电芯7后，多个正极耳和多 个负极耳可以形成极耳叠合结构，如图3所示，卷绕后正极耳、负极耳整齐重叠于电芯7的一端，x为极耳边距。
第一极耳边距x1和第二极耳边距x2可以相同也可以不同。第一极耳边距x1小于等于0.5w；第二极耳边距x2小于等于0.5w。w为电芯宽度，电芯宽度w大于等于5cm并小于等于20cm。h为高度，h范围为5cm≤h≤20cm，电芯厚度为d，其范围为0.5cm≤d≤5cm。负极片长度L1和正极片长度L2为：10w≤L1,L2≤200w。y为尾部长度，0≤y<8w。
上述实施例中的锂离子电池电芯，采用卷绕模式，设置第一个极耳后，第二个或以上的极耳的位置通过公式nw-x+(0.5πt∑n-0.5πt)或nw+x+[0.5πt∑(n+1)-0.5πt]计算。
上述的2个公式为计算第二个或以上的正、负极耳的通用公式，在进行具体的位置计算时，将x采用x1或x2替换，将n采用n1、n2、n3或n4替换。由nw+x+[0.5πt∑(n+1)-0.5πt计算出的极耳位置落在nw处的后端，由nw-x+(0.5πt∑n-0.5πt)计算出的极耳位置落在(n+1)w处的前端。
在一个实施例中，正极片的集流体为铝箔，负极片的集流体为铜箔。将含有锂离子活性物质的正极浆料连续均匀地涂覆在铝箔上，制成正极片，将含有锂离子活性物质的负极浆料连续均匀地涂覆在铜箔上，制成负极片，在正、负极片涂层一边预留未涂覆区域，用于设置正、负极耳。在卷绕完成后，将2个或者2个以上的极耳焊接在一起，一般采用超声波焊接，或者将极耳直接焊接在过渡金属片上，再把过渡金属片焊接到电池壳的顶盖上。
采用焊接式的多极耳设计，以卷绕的方式进行电芯制作，可以提升中大型锂离子电池的倍率性能，同时使电池获得良好的一致性和稳定性，利于成组和模块化扩展，保证系统的稳定运行和延长使用寿命。
极耳的位置通过以上的公式计算后，进行一定的前移或后移，则形成极耳错开排列的结构。将多个正极耳中的m1个正极耳的d1增加或减去与其相对应的第一间距值，使多个正极耳形成极耳错开排列结构，即在多个重叠排列的正极耳中有m1个正极耳错开排列，m1可以为1,2,3等，并且，相邻两个错开排列的正极耳之间的间距可以相同也可以不同。
多个负极耳可以形成极耳错开排列结构，多个负极耳中的m2个负极耳的 d2增加或减去与其相对应的第二间距值，使得在多个重叠排列的多负极耳中有m2个负极耳错开排列，m2可以为1,2,3等，并且，相邻两个错开排列的负极耳之间的间距可以相同也可以不同。例如，如图4中的负极排列1′和正极排列2′为错开排列形式。
在一个实施例中，m1个正极耳中相邻两个错开排列的正极耳之间的间距相同。从m1个正极耳中的第一个开始，m1个正极耳中的每个正极耳的d1分别减去第一间距值mq。其中，d1＝n1w-x1+(0.5πt∑n1-0.5πt)，q为相邻两个错开排列的正极耳之间的间距，m为沿正极片的头部到尾部方向、m1个正极耳中的各正极耳的顺序号，1≤m≤m1。
或者，从m1个正极耳中的第一个开始，m1个正极耳中的每个正极耳的d1分别加上第一间距值mq。d1＝n3w+x1+[0.5πt∑(n3+1)-0.5πt]，q为相邻两个错开排列的正极耳之间的间距，m为沿正极片的头部到尾部方向、m1个正极耳中的各正极耳的顺序号，1≤m≤m1。
m2个负极耳中相邻两个错开排列的负极耳之间的间距相同。从m2个负极耳中的第一个开始，m2个负极耳中的每个负极耳的d2分别减去第一间距值mq。d2＝n2w-x2+(0.5πt∑n2-0.5πt)，q为相邻两个错开排列的负极耳之间的间距，m为沿负极片的头部到尾部方向、m2个负极耳中的各负极耳的顺序号，1≤m≤m2。
或者，从m2个负极耳中的第一个开始，m2个负极耳中的每个负极耳的d2分别加上第一间距值mq。d2＝n4w+x2+[0.5πt∑(n4+1)-0.5πt]，q为相邻两个错开排列的负极耳之间的间距，m为沿负极片的头部到尾部方向、m2个负极耳中的各负极耳的顺序号，1≤m≤m2。
锂离子电池电芯的极耳呈重叠的情况满足公式nw+x+[0.5πt∑(n+1)-0.5πt和nw-x+(0.5πt∑n-0.5πt)，在以上两个公式的基础上，极耳进行一定的前移或后移，从递增的第一个极耳起，极耳的位置向内侧或外侧移动mq个单位，m＝1,2,3,…，递增第一个极耳，m＝1，递增第二个，m＝2，以此类推，q为两极耳间距(0<q<5cm)。
极耳呈错开排列方式，相邻两个极耳的间距即为q。如第一个极耳在中间，则左边的极耳位置则是向外侧移动q，右边的即为向内侧移动q。对于通过nw-x+(0.5πt∑n-0.5πt)计算出位置的极耳，因为极耳在nw处的后端，所以从第 二个极耳开始，极耳需前移，对于通过nw+x+[0.5πt∑(n+1)-0.5πt]计算出位置的极耳，极耳则在(n+1)w处的前端，所以从第二个极耳开始，极耳需后移。
本发明提供一种锂离子电池，包括:电池外壳和位于电池外壳内的如上的锂离子电池电芯。负极耳与正极耳位于电芯的同一侧，正、负极耳可通过螺栓连接或者铆接工艺与电池壳体的极柱连接。电池外壳为铝外壳等。
在正极片上涂有正极浆料，正极浆料由正极粉料、导电剂、粘接剂和添加剂混合制成。在负极片上涂有负极浆料，负极浆料由负极粉料、导电剂、粘接剂和添加剂混合制成。为避免负极耳对应正极处对负极该处产生析锂现象，除了对负极耳进行常规的贴胶保护之外，通过改善浆料性能的方法，达到避免析锂现象。
在一个实施例中，铝壳侧壁和正壁厚均为0.3mm，底厚0.6mm，设计电芯厚度d为0.82cm，正极片宽度为14cm，负极片宽度为14.2cm，隔膜宽度为14.5cm。
正极活性物质采用三元材料，克比容量为150mAh/g；负极活性物质为人造石墨或复合石墨，克比容量为345mAh/g，负极容量过量4％。正极浆料组成为：95.5％的三元材料，2％粘接剂，1.5％导电剂和1％纳米无机物功能添加剂。压实密度为3.6g/cm3，单层涂层厚度为0.064mm，面密度为461g/m2,集流体铝箔厚度为0.012mm，计算得单位容量为7.224mAh/cm2。
负极浆料组成为：95.5％的三元材料，1.2％增稠剂，1.5％粘接剂，1％导电剂和0.8％纳米无机物功能添加剂。压实密度为1.5g/cm3，单层涂层厚度为0.070mm，面密度为224g/m2，集流体铝箔厚度为0.009mm，计算得单位容量为7.4mAh/cm2。t为0.33mm。
根据电芯厚度、正负极片厚度和隔膜厚度，具有涂层的极片长度为175cm，具体涂布尺寸见下表1，电池容量为35Ah。涂布示意图见图5，其中x设为1.5cm，极耳宽度为1.5cm，w算得7cm(卷针抽出后，最内层单位卷层的宽度)。
Figure PCTCN2016103256-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2016103256-appb-000002
表1-正负极涂布尺寸表。
进行极耳重叠模式的设计，正、负极各设置6个极耳，极耳位置符合以下公式的排布：nw+x+[0.5πt∑(n+1)-0.5πt]，各极耳的具体位置算出如图5所示的情况(正、负极耳的间距一致)。极耳的焊接可直接焊接到铝壳盖帽上，或者先焊接到一个过渡的大金属片上，之后再焊接到铝壳的盖帽上。
为避免负极耳产生析锂现象，除了对负极耳进行常规的贴胶保护之外，通过改善浆料性能的方法，达到避免析锂现象。可采用湿润性强的负极活性材料，如经轻度氧化处理的石墨材料。可采用硅碳负极材料，其对容量的升高有一定的吸纳作用。
在一个实施例中，正极耳位置的设置与图5中的正极耳位置相同，负极耳的位置设置符合以下公式的排布：nw-x+(0.5πt∑n-0.5πt)，具体位置如图6所示。
在一个实施例中，锂离子电池电芯的极耳呈错开排列方式，正、负极各设置2个极耳，极耳间距为0.5cm，对于极耳分布为nw-x+(0.5πt∑n-0.5πt)的情况，只要把其中的一个极耳位置前移0.5cm即可形成错开排列方式，并且错开排列的极耳间距相同。
对于极耳分布为nw+x+[0.5πt∑(n+1)-0.5πt]的情况，只要把其中的一个极耳的位置向后移0.5cm，即可形成错开排列方式。例如，对于极耳位置为nw+x+[0.5πt∑(n+1)-0.5πt]的正极耳，n＝8时，极耳位置在60.3cm处；n＝16时，极耳位置在121.9cm处，极耳位置如图7所示。
在一个实施例中，锂离子电池电芯的极耳呈错开排列方式。正、负极片上各设置三个极耳，每个极耳的宽度为1cm，错开排列的极耳的间隔为0.4cm。对于极耳位置为nw-x+(0.5πt∑n-0.5πt)的负极片，第一个极耳的位置在n＝6处，下一个极耳在n＝14处再往前移0.4cm处，第三个极耳在n＝22处在往前移0.8cm处。负极耳的位置如图8所示，正极耳的位置与负极耳的位置类似。
在一个实施例中，锂离子电池电芯的极耳既有重叠也有错开排列的方式。重叠的极耳为两组极耳，错开排列的极耳的间隔为0.5cm。重叠的极耳的位置在nw+x+[0.5πt∑(n+1)-0.5πt]处，错开排列的极耳的位置在 nw+x+[0.5πt∑(n+1)-0.5πt]+0.5处，如图9所示，重叠的极耳的n为4和8(对应30.2cm和59.8cm处)，另一组重叠的极耳的n为16和20(对应121.9cm和153.9cm处)，或者重叠极耳的位置在nw-x+(0.5πt∑n-0.5πt)处，错开排列的极耳的位置在nw-x+(0.5πt∑n-0.5πt)-0.5处。
上述实施例中锂离子电池电芯及锂离子电池，采用多极耳的设计，大大提升了电池的倍率性能；以卷绕方式为基础的多极耳设计，可提高电芯的一致性，利于成组和模块化扩展，保证系统的稳定运行和延长使用寿命；为避免负极耳对应的正极区域进行留白而带来的复杂工艺，采用改善浆料的组成的简便方法，避免了负极该处析锂现象的产生，在提高安全性能的同时，也提高了生产效率；采用卷绕多极耳设计而不是叠片设计，大大降低了极片边缘毛刺的产生率，从而降低了自放电率，提高电池的稳定性。
可能以许多方式来实现本发明的方法和系统。例如，可通过软件、硬件、固件或者软件、硬件、固件的任何组合来实现本发明的方法和系统。用于方法的步骤的上述顺序仅是为了进行说明，本发明的方法的步骤不限于以上具体描述的顺序，除非以其它方式特别说明。此外，在一些实施例中，还可将本发明实施为记录在记录介质中的程序，这些程序包括用于实现根据本发明的方法的机器可读指令。因而，本发明还覆盖存储用于执行根据本发明的方法的程序的记录介质。
本发明的描述是为了示例和描述起见而给出的，而并不是无遗漏的或者将本发明限于所公开的形式。很多修改和变化对于本领域的普通技术人员而言是显然的。选择和描述实施例是为了更好说明本发明的原理和实际应用，并且使本领域的普通技术人员能够理解本发明从而设计适于特定用途的带有各种修改的各种实施例。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种锂离子电池电芯，包括：正极片、隔膜和负极片，其特征在于：
    在展开状态下的所述正极片、所述负极片上分别依次排列有多个正极耳、多个负极耳；所述正极片与所述负极片通过所述隔膜隔开并卷绕形成锂离子电池电芯，所述多个正极耳和所述多个负极耳形成极耳叠合结构或极耳错开排列结构。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的锂离子电池电芯，其特征在于：
    所述多个正极耳沿所述正极片的长度方向平行排列，第一正极耳与所述正极片头部之间的距离为第一极耳边距x1，所述多个正极耳中的其余正极耳与所述正极片头部之间的距离为d1，d1＝n1w-x1+(0.5πt∑n1-0.5πt)或d1＝n3w+x1+[0.5πt∑(n3+1)-0.5πt]；锂离子电池电芯为方形电芯，所述多个正极耳形成极耳叠合结构；
    其中，t为所述正极片、所述隔膜和所述负极片厚度的和，w为电芯宽度，距离所述正极片头部最近的正极耳为第一正极耳，n1是指沿所述正极片的头部到尾部的方向、正极耳位于正极片上的第n1个w处，n3是指沿所述正极片的头部到尾部的方向、正极耳位于正极片上的第n3+1个w处。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的锂离子电池电芯，其特征在于：
    所述多个负极耳沿所述负极片的长度方向平行排列，第一负极耳与所述负极片头部之间的距离为第二极耳边距x2，所述多个负极耳中的其余负极耳与所述负极片头部之间的距离为d2，d2＝n2w-x2+(0.5πt∑n2-0.5πt)或d2＝n4w+x2+[0.5πt∑(n4+1)-0.5πt]；所述多个负极耳形成极耳叠合结构；
    其中，距离所述负极片头部最近的负极耳为第一负极耳，n2是指沿所述负极片的头部到尾部的方向、负极耳位于负极片上的第n2个w处，n4是指沿所述负极片的头部到尾部的方向，负极耳位于负极片上的第n4+1个w处。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的锂离子电池电芯，其特征在于：
    所述多个正极耳形成极耳错开排列结构，其中，所述多个正极耳中的m1个正极耳的d1增加或减去与其相对应的第一间距值；
    和/或
    所述多个负极耳形成极耳错开排列结构，其中，所述多个负极耳中的m2个负极耳的d2增加或减去与其相对应的第二间距值。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的锂离子电池电芯，其特征在于：
    所述m1个正极耳中相邻两个错开排列的正极耳之间的间距相同。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的锂离子电池电芯，其特征在于：
    从所述m1个正极耳中的第一个开始，所述m1个正极耳中的每个正极耳的d1分别减去第一间距值mq；
    其中，d1＝n1w-x1+(0.5πt∑n1-0.5πt)，q为相邻两个错开排列的正极耳之间的间距，m为沿所述正极片的头部到尾部方向、所述m1个正极耳中的各正极耳的顺序号，1≤m≤m1。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的锂离子电池电芯，其特征在于：
    从所述m1个正极耳中的第一个开始，所述m1个正极耳中的每个正极耳的d1分别加上第一间距值mq；
    其中，d1＝n3w+x1+[0.5πt∑(n3+1)-0.5πt]，q为相邻两个错开排列的正极耳之间的间距，m为沿所述正极片的头部到尾部方向、所述m1个正极耳中的各正极耳的顺序号，1≤m≤m1。
  8. 如权利要求4所述的锂离子电池电芯，其特征在于：
    所述m2个负极耳中相邻两个错开排列的负极耳之间的间距相同。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的锂离子电池电芯，其特征在于：
    从所述m2个负极耳中的第一个开始，所述m2个负极耳中的每个负极耳的d2分别减去第一间距值mq；
    其中，d2＝n2w-x2+(0.5πt∑n2-0.5πt)，q为相邻两个错开排列的负极耳之间的间距，m为沿所述负极片的头部到尾部方向、所述m2个负极耳中的各负极耳的顺序号，1≤m≤m2。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的锂离子电池电芯，其特征在于：
    从所述m2个负极耳中的第一个开始，所述m2个负极耳中的每个负极耳的d2分别加上第一间距值mq；
    其中，d2＝n4w+x2+[0.5πt∑(n4+1)-0.5πt]，q为相邻两个错开排列的负极耳之间的间距，m为沿所述负极片的头部到尾部方向、所述m2个负极耳中的各负 极耳的顺序号，1≤m≤m2。
  11. 如权利要求3所述的锂离子电池电芯，其特征在于：
    所述第一极耳边距x1小于等于0.5w；所述第二极耳边距x2小于等于0.5w。
  12. 如权利要求3所述的锂离子电池电芯，其特征在于：
    所述电芯宽度w大于等于5cm并小于等于20cm。
  13. 如权利要求3所述的锂离子电池电芯，其特征在于：
    所述正极片尾部与距离其最近的正极耳之间的距离小于8w；
    所述负极片尾部与距离其最近的负极耳与之间的距离小于8w。
  14. 如权利要求1所述的锂离子电池电芯，其特征在于：
    所述正极耳为铝极耳或铝镍合金极耳；所述负极耳为镍极耳、铜极耳或铜镍合金极耳。
  15. 如权利要求1所述的锂离子电池电芯，其特征在于：
    所述多个正极耳、所述多个负极耳分别通过超声波焊接在一起。
  16. 如权利要求1所述的锂离子电池电芯，其特征在于：
    在所述正极片上涂有正极浆料，所述正极浆料由正极粉料、导电剂、粘接剂和添加剂混合制成；在所述负极片上涂有负极浆料，所述负极浆料由负极粉料、导电剂、粘接剂和添加剂混合制成。
  17. 一种锂离子电池，其特征在于,包括:
    电池外壳和位于所述电池外壳内的如权利要求1至16任意一项所述的锂离子电池电芯。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的锂离子电池，其特征在于：
    所述电池外壳为铝外壳。
PCT/CN2016/103256 2015-11-30 2016-10-25 一种锂离子电池电芯及锂离子电池 WO2017092520A1 (zh)

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