WO2017092423A1 - 一种过滤装置 - Google Patents

一种过滤装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017092423A1
WO2017092423A1 PCT/CN2016/096822 CN2016096822W WO2017092423A1 WO 2017092423 A1 WO2017092423 A1 WO 2017092423A1 CN 2016096822 W CN2016096822 W CN 2016096822W WO 2017092423 A1 WO2017092423 A1 WO 2017092423A1
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Prior art keywords
working chamber
filter
dust
cyclone
cyclone working
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PCT/CN2016/096822
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English (en)
French (fr)
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胡国海
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胡国海
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Publication of WO2017092423A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017092423A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L9/00—Details or accessories of suction cleaners, e.g. mechanical means for controlling the suction or for effecting pulsating action; Storing devices specially adapted to suction cleaners or parts thereof; Carrying-vehicles specially adapted for suction cleaners
    • A47L9/10—Filters; Dust separators; Dust removal; Automatic exchange of filters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D50/00—Combinations of methods or devices for separating particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D50/20—Combinations of devices covered by groups B01D45/00 and B01D46/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D50/00—Combinations of methods or devices for separating particles from gases or vapours
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C3/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex flow following a screw-thread type line remains unchanged ; Devices in which one of the two discharge ducts returns centrally through the vortex chamber, a reverse-flow vortex being prevented by bulkheads in the central discharge duct
    • B04C3/06—Construction of inlets or outlets to the vortex chamber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of dust removal technology, and in particular to a filtering device.
  • the filtering device generally uses a motor to rotate at a high speed to generate air negative pressure in the sealed casing to absorb dust. Achieve the purpose of dust removal.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a typical filtering device, wherein the direction indicated by the arrow in the figure is the moving direction of the dust when the vacuum cleaner is working.
  • the power motor communicates with the filter 1, the air in the dust collecting chamber 2 is extracted, and a negative pressure is formed in the dust collecting chamber 2,
  • the air and dust are passed through the dust suction pipe 3 and the air passage under the action of the power motor, and enter the dust collecting chamber 2, rotate around the filter 1 and gradually converge in the dust collecting chamber 2 according to the tendency of the spiral to achieve vacuuming. purpose.
  • the filter 1 of the above filtering device causes the dust collecting chamber 2 to generate a negative pressure for a long time, and the filter 1 can be used for a period of time before the dust is sucked into the dust collecting chamber 2, and the filtering device is vacuumed. Slower and less efficient.
  • the present invention provides a filtering device including a power component, a cyclone working chamber, and a spiral air inlet passage provided at a bottom of the cyclone working chamber, and a filter disposed inside the cyclone working chamber. Flowing into the filter and flowing to the power component, One end of the filter is mounted to the bottom of the cyclone working chamber, and the other end is offset from the top of the cyclone working chamber.
  • a sidewall of the cyclone working chamber is tapered from the bottom to the top, and an angle between the sidewall and a centerline of the cyclone working chamber is less than 3 degrees.
  • a sidewall of the cyclone working chamber is parallel to a centerline of the cyclone working chamber.
  • the filter holes are evenly distributed on the peripheral wall of the filter.
  • the dust collecting chamber further includes a dust inlet
  • the side wall of the cyclone working chamber is provided with a dust collecting port
  • the dust collecting port is in communication with the dust inlet
  • a plane where the dust extraction port is located is tangent to a sidewall of the cyclone working chamber.
  • the length of the dust extraction port is less than or equal to the length of the filter.
  • the power component is in communication with the filter from the bottom side of the cyclone working chamber.
  • the power component is in communication with the filter from the top side of the cyclone working chamber.
  • the spiral air inlet channel has a screw elevation angle greater than 5 degrees and less than 15 degrees, and the inner edge of the spiral air inlet channel is higher than the outer edge.
  • the filter device comprises a power component, a cyclone working chamber and a spiral air inlet passage provided at a bottom of the cyclone working chamber, and a filter disposed inside the cyclone working chamber, the airflow entering the filter and flowing to the power component, the filter One end is installed at the bottom of the cyclone working chamber, and the other end is opposite to the top of the cyclone working chamber.
  • the cyclone working chamber of the filtering device has a small volume, and the filter generates a negative pressure at a relatively high speed.
  • the filtering device When the filtering device is activated, the dust can be sucked into the cyclone working chamber, and the dust collecting speed is fast, and the working speed is fast. efficient.
  • the dust enters the cyclone working chamber along the spiral inlet passage, and the incoming airflow forms a swirling airflow in the cyclone working chamber, and still moves according to the movement trend of the spiral, and the dust is close to the side wall of the cyclone working chamber under the action of centrifugal force, and Moving along the side walls, the dust is kept away from the filter, ensuring the life of the filter.
  • the volume of the cyclone working chamber is small, the volume of the entire filtering device is reduced, and the filtering device is miniaturized.
  • the filtering device can also ensure the service life of the filter, and also improves the dust collecting speed of the filtering device and improves the working efficiency. .
  • the side wall of the cyclone working chamber tapers from the bottom to the top, and the angle between the side wall and the center line of the cyclone working chamber is less than 3 degrees; more preferably, the side wall is parallel to the center line of the cyclone working chamber.
  • a swirling airflow is formed in the cyclone working chamber, so that the mixed dust or other impurities in the airflow generate centrifugal force and move along the side wall of the cyclone working chamber under the action of centrifugal force, and the structure of the cyclone working chamber is approximately cylindrical.
  • the dust in the rotating airflow is less resistant to the side wall, and the dust can maintain a large centrifugal force.
  • the dust is easily The airflow is thrown away and remains inside the cyclone working chamber without entering the filter with the airflow. Thereby reducing the dust removal pressure of the filter and prolonging the service life of the filter.
  • the filtering device further comprises a dust collecting chamber, the dust collecting chamber has a dust inlet, the side wall of the cyclone working chamber is provided with a dust collecting port, and the dust collecting port is connected with the dust inlet.
  • the volume of the dust collecting chamber is small, and the sum of the volume of the dust collecting chamber and the volume of the cyclone working chamber is smaller than the volume of the dust collecting chamber in the prior art, and the filtering device can also be started quickly.
  • the impurities in the gas will have a tendency to move away from the center in the action of the centrifugal force, and can be extracted from the dust collecting port when passing through the dust collecting port in the cyclone working chamber; and the dust collecting chamber
  • the dust inlet is connected with the dust collecting port, and the impurities extracted from the dust collecting port can just enter the dust collecting chamber through the dust inlet.
  • There is no power source in the dust collecting chamber impurities enter the dust collecting chamber, and the centrifugal force is gradually reduced, and finally collected in the dust collecting chamber to achieve the purpose of dust removal.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a typical filtering device
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of a filtering device provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of a filter device provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a third embodiment of the filtering device provided by the present invention.
  • the core of the invention is to provide a filtering device which has a faster dust collecting speed and a higher working efficiency.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of a filter device according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of a filter device according to the present invention.
  • the filter holes on the side of the filter are omitted in Figures 2 and 3.
  • orientation words herein are defined on the basis of the state when the spiral inlet passage is located at the bottom of the filter device, and the bottom of the filter device in FIGS. 2 and 3 is located on the upper side of the drawing. It should be understood that the orientation words used herein should not limit the scope of the patent.
  • the present invention provides a filtering device including a power component, a cyclone working chamber 4, and a spiral air inlet passage provided at a bottom of the cyclone working chamber 4, and disposed inside the wind working chamber 4.
  • the filter 1 flows into the filter 1 and flows to the power component.
  • One end of the filter 1 is installed at the bottom of the wind working chamber 4, and the other end is abutted against the top of the cyclone working chamber 4.
  • the volume of the cyclone working chamber 4 of the filtering device is small, the volume of the cyclone working chamber 4 is relatively small compared with the volume of the filter 1, and the speed at which the filter 1 generates negative pressure is relatively fast, and the filtering device is activated.
  • the dust can be sucked into the cyclone working chamber 4 in an instant, and the dust collecting speed is fast and the working efficiency is high.
  • the dust enters the cyclone working chamber 4 along the spiral inlet passage, and the incoming airflow forms a swirling airflow in the cyclone working chamber 4, and still moves according to the movement trend of the spiral, and the dust will be close to the cyclone under the action of the centrifugal force.
  • the side wall of the working chamber 4 moves along the side wall, and the dust is away from the filter 1, which can ensure the service life of the filter 1.
  • the volume of the cyclone working chamber 4 is relatively small compared with the volume of the filter 1. Compared with the prior art, the volume of the cyclone working chamber 4 is small, the volume of the entire filtering device is reduced, and the filtering device is miniaturized; The service life of the filter 1 can be ensured, and the dust collection speed of the filter device is also improved, and the work efficiency is improved.
  • the side wall of the cyclone working chamber 4 tapers from the bottom to the top, and the angle between the side wall and the center line of the cyclone working chamber 4 is less than 3 degrees.
  • a swirling airflow is formed in the cyclone working chamber 4, so that the mixed dust or other impurities in the airflow generate centrifugal force and move along the side wall of the cyclone working chamber 4 under the action of centrifugal force, and the side wall of the cyclone working chamber 4
  • the angle B of the center line is less than 3 degrees, and the structure of the cyclone working chamber 4 is approximately cylindrical.
  • the dust inside the rotating airflow is less resistant to the side wall, and the dust can be kept.
  • the larger centrifugal force, as the airflow becomes smaller and smaller the dust is easily thrown out of the airflow and remains inside the cyclone working chamber 4 without entering the filter 1 with the airflow.
  • the dust removal pressure of the filter 1 is reduced, the service life of the filter 1 is prolonged, and the less impurities entering the power component are, the more advantageous the operation of the power component is, and the performance of the filter device is superior.
  • the side wall is parallel to the center line, that is, the angle B between the side wall and the center line is 0, and the cyclone working chamber 4 is cylindrical, so that the side wall has less resistance to dust in the air flow, and the dust is more It is easy to get out of the air.
  • the filter holes are evenly distributed on the peripheral wall of the filter 1.
  • the filter hole of the filter 1 is evenly distributed on the entire peripheral wall of the filter 1, and the filter hole can be close to the top of the cyclone working chamber 4, so that the filter 1 has more filter holes, and the cyclone working chamber can be accelerated when the power device is started. 4
  • the speed of forming a negative pressure further accelerates the speed of vacuuming.
  • the dust in the airflow has a tendency to move away from the center, and is far away from the filter 1. Since the structure of the filtering device is close to a cylindrical shape, the resistance to the dust in the airflow is small. The dust can maintain a large centrifugal force, and the dust is easily pulled out during the movement of the dust along the side wall of the cyclone working chamber 4. Therefore, the filter hole is close to the top of the cyclone working chamber 4, and is not subject to dust. Influence, the use of the filter 1 can still be guaranteed.
  • the filter 1 filter holes are omitted in FIGS. 2 and 3, and the filter holes of the filter 1 may be round holes, elliptical holes or elongated holes.
  • the filtering device further includes a dust collecting chamber 5, the dust collecting chamber 5 has a dust inlet, and the side wall of the cyclone working chamber 4 is provided with a dust collecting port, and the dust collecting port is connected with the dust inlet.
  • the specific structure is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the volume of the dust collecting chamber 5 is small, and the sum of the volume of the dust collecting chamber 5 and the volume of the cyclone working chamber 4 is smaller than the volume of the dust collecting chamber 2 in the prior art, and the filtering device is also the same.
  • the impurities in the gas When the gas rotates in the cyclone working chamber 4, the impurities in the gas have a tendency to move away from the center under the action of the centrifugal force, and can be extracted from the dust collecting port when passing through the dust collecting port of the cyclone working chamber 4; and the dust collecting chamber 5
  • the dust inlet is connected to the dust collecting port, and the impurities extracted from the dust collecting port can enter the dust collecting chamber 5 through the dust inlet.
  • the filtering device of the structure is especially suitable for some occasions where the impurity particles are large, and the dust removing pressure of the filter 1 during the first-stage filtering can be reduced in the dust removal, the service life of the filter 1 is prolonged, and the application of the filtering device is improved. Sex.
  • the dust collecting chamber 5 and the cyclone working chamber 4 may be detachably connected, and the dust collecting chamber 5 may be selected according to the working condition of the filtering device.
  • the dust collecting port When the dust collecting chamber 5 is not installed, the dust collecting port is sealed. When there is a large amount of dust accumulated in the dust collecting chamber 5, it can be removed to clean the dust.
  • the dust collecting chamber 5 and the cyclone working chamber 4 may also be fixedly connected, and the dust collecting chamber 5 may be provided with a ash cleaning port. When there is more dust in the dust collecting chamber 5, the ash cleaning port may be opened to clean the dust.
  • the plane in which the dust extraction opening is located is tangent to the side wall of the cyclone working chamber 4.
  • the gas is spirally advanced in the cyclone working chamber 4 with impurities, and the impurities are close to the side wall of the cyclone working chamber 4 under the action of centrifugal force, and can pass through the dust collecting port along the side wall when passing through the dust separating port tangential to the side wall. Out, the precipitation efficiency of impurities is high, and the dust removal effect is good.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a third embodiment of the filtering device provided by the present invention.
  • the length of the dust extraction opening is less than or equal to the length of the filter 1.
  • the length of the dust collecting opening can extend to the side wall of the entire cyclone working chamber 4, and the length of the corresponding dust collecting chamber 5 also increases with the length of the dust collecting opening.
  • the gas After the gas carries impurities into the cyclone working chamber 4, it moves according to the trajectory of the spiral, the gas
  • the impurities inside have a certain centrifugal force, and are close to the side wall of the cyclone working chamber 4, and the impurities can be thrown into the dust collecting chamber through the dust collecting port.
  • the gas moves in the cyclone working chamber 4, in the axial direction of the filter 1, the gas moves to the area where the dust extraction port is located, and the impurities are thrown into the dust collecting chamber.
  • the length of the dust collecting port is equal to the length of the filter 1
  • the impurities can be extracted to the dust-discharging port, and the gas and the impurities are separated, and the precipitation rate of the impurities is high, and the optimal dust-removing effect can be obtained.
  • the filter 1 is then discharged through the power component, the position of the power component does not affect the internal movement of the airflow in the cyclone working chamber 4, the power component is in communication with the filter 1, and the cyclone working chamber 4 can be negatively generated by the filter 1 at the time of startup.
  • the pressure is sufficient, so that the power member can communicate with the filter 1 from the bottom side of the cyclone working chamber 4, or can communicate with the filter 1 from the top side of the cyclone working chamber 4.
  • the position of the power component can be set according to the actual structural needs of the filter device.
  • the spiral inlet angle of the spiral inlet passage of the cyclone working chamber 4 is greater than 5 degrees and less than 15 degrees.
  • the size of the spiral elevation directly affects the running speed of the dust after entering the cyclone working chamber 4.
  • the inner edge of the spiral air inlet passage is higher than the outer edge.
  • the inside and outside of the filter 1 are referred to as the reference point, and the center of the filter 1 is inside, and vice versa, that is, the bottom surface of the spiral air inlet channel is an outwardly inclined slope surface, and the airflow passes through the wind with the inclined surface. After the channel is guided, the centrifugal force is stronger. In addition to the centrifugal force, the dust in the gas is also affected by its own gravity, and the strength of the dust is increased, further away from the cyclone working chamber 4, and when the dust collecting chamber 5 is provided, The dust collecting chamber 5 is further strengthened to enhance the dust collecting capacity of the filtering device.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Filters For Electric Vacuum Cleaners (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)

Abstract

一种过滤装置，包括动力部件、旋风工作腔（4）、设于旋风工作腔的底部的螺旋进风通道以及设于旋风工作腔（4）内部的过滤器（1），气流进入过滤器（1）后流向动力部件，过滤器（1）的一端安装在旋风工作腔（4）的底部，另一端与旋风工作腔（4）的顶部相抵。与现有技术相比，该过滤装置的旋风工作腔（4）的体积较小，过滤器（1）产生负压的速度较快，过滤装置启动的瞬间能够将尘屑吸入旋风工作腔（4），吸尘速度快，工作效率高。

Description

一种过滤装置
本申请要求于2015年11月30日提交中国专利局，申请号为201510861493.2、发明名称为“一种过滤装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及除尘技术领域，特别是涉及一种过滤装置。
背景技术
随着经济建设的快速发展，对环境的要求也越来越高，各种各样的过滤装置应运而生，过滤装置一般利用电动机高速旋转，在密封的壳体内产生空气负压，吸取灰尘，达到除尘的目的。
请参考图1，图1为一种典型的过滤装置的结构示意图，其中，图中箭头所示的方向为吸尘器工作时尘屑的运动方向。
从图1中箭头所示的方向可以看出，在现有技术的除尘设备中，动力电机与过滤器1连通，将集尘室2中的空气抽出，在集尘室2中形成负压，使空气和尘屑在动力电机的作用下，依次经过吸尘管3和风道，进入集尘室2，绕过滤器1旋转并按螺旋的趋势逐渐在集尘室2内汇聚，达到吸尘的目的。
但是，在使用过程中，上述过滤装置的过滤器1使集尘室2产生负压的时间较长，过滤器1工作一段时间之后才能给将尘屑吸入集尘室2，过滤装置的吸尘速度较慢，工作效率较低。
因此，如何提高过滤装置的吸尘速度，是本领域技术人员目前需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种过滤装置，该过滤装置的吸尘速度较快，工作效率较高。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明提供一种过滤装置，包括动力部件、旋风工作腔和设于所述旋风工作腔的底部的螺旋进风通道，以及设于所述旋风工作腔内部的过滤器，气流进入所述过滤器后流向所述动力部件，所述 过滤器的一端安装在所述旋风工作腔的所述底部，另一端与所述旋风工作腔的顶部相抵。
可选的，所述旋风工作腔的侧壁从所述底部向所述顶部渐缩，所述侧壁与所述旋风工作腔的中心线的夹角小于3度。
可选的，所述旋风工作腔的侧壁与所述旋风工作腔的中心线平行。
可选的，所述滤孔在所述过滤器的周壁上均匀分布。
可选的，还包括集尘腔，所述集尘腔具有入尘口，所述旋风工作腔的侧壁设有析尘口，所述析尘口与所述入尘口相连通。
可选的，所述析尘口所在的平面与所述旋风工作腔的侧壁相切。
可选的，所述析尘口的长度小于或等于所述过滤器的长度。
可选的，所述动力部件从所述旋风工作腔的所述底部一侧与所述过滤器连通。
可选的，所述动力部件从所述旋风工作腔的所述顶部一侧与所述过滤器连通。
可选的，所述螺旋进风通道的螺旋仰角大于5度小于15度，所述螺旋进风通道的内沿高于外沿。
本发明提供的过滤装置，包括动力部件、旋风工作腔和设于旋风工作腔的底部的螺旋进风通道，以及设于旋风工作腔内部的过滤器，气流进入过滤器后流向动力部件，过滤器的一端安装在旋风工作腔的底部，另一端与旋风工作腔的顶部相抵。
过滤装置工作时，在动力部件的作用下，在旋风工作腔中产生负压，带着尘屑的气体沿螺旋进风通道进入旋风工作腔中，气体经过滤器过滤后进入过滤器的内部，然后流向动力部件。
与现有技术相比，该过滤装置的旋风工作腔的体积较小，过滤器产生负压的速度较快，过滤装置启动的瞬间就能够将尘屑吸入旋风工作腔，吸尘速度快，工作效率高。尘屑沿螺旋进风通道进入旋风工作腔，进入后的气流在旋风工作腔内形成旋转气流，仍然按照螺旋的运动趋势运动，尘屑在离心力的作用下会靠近旋风工作腔的侧壁，并沿着侧壁运动，尘屑远离过滤器，能够保证过滤器的使用寿命。
旋风工作腔的体积较小，减小了整个过滤装置的体积，使过滤装置小型化，该过滤装置还能够保证过滤器的使用寿命，并且还提高了过滤装置的吸尘速度，提高了工作效率。
一种方式中，旋风工作腔的侧壁从底部向顶部渐缩，侧壁与旋风工作腔的中心线的夹角小于3度；更优选的方式是侧壁与旋风工作腔的中心线平行。
过滤装置工作时，在旋风工作腔内形成旋转气流，使气流中混杂的灰尘或其它杂质产生离心力并在离心力的作用下沿旋风工作腔的侧壁移动，旋风工作腔的结构近似于圆柱形，相对于锥形的旋风工作腔，旋转气流移动过程中其内的灰尘受到的侧壁的阻力较小，能够使灰尘保持较大的离心力，随着气流的作用越来越小，灰尘很容易被抛出气流，留在旋风工作腔内部，而不会随气流进入过滤器。从而减小过滤器的除尘压力，延长过滤器的使用寿命。
一种优选的方式中，该过滤装置还包括集尘腔，集尘腔具有入尘口，旋风工作腔的侧壁设有析尘口，析尘口与入尘口相连通。
集尘腔的体积较小，集尘腔的体积与旋风工作腔的体积之和小于现有技术中集尘室的体积，该过滤装置同样能够快速启动。气体在旋风工作腔中旋转时，气体中的杂质会在离心力的作用具有远离中心方向的运动趋势，经过旋风工作腔中的析尘口时，能够从析尘口中甩出；而集尘腔的入尘口与析尘口连通，从析尘口中甩出的杂质恰好能够经入尘口进入集尘腔中。集尘腔中没有动力源，杂质进入集尘腔中，其离心力逐渐减小，最后汇集在集尘腔中，实现除尘的目的。
附图说明
下面附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1为一种典型的过滤装置的结构示意图；
图2为本发明所提供的过滤装置第一种具体实施方式的结构示意图；
图3为本发明所提供的过滤装置第二种具体实施方式的结构示意图；
图4为本发明所提供的过滤装置第三种具体实施方式的结构示意图；
其中，图1至图4中的附图标记和部件名称之间的对应关系如下：
过滤器1；集尘室2；吸尘管3；旋风工作腔4；集尘腔5；
夹角B。
具体实施方式
本发明的核心是提供一种过滤装置，该过滤装置的吸尘速度较快，工作效率较高。
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
请参考图2和图3，图2为本发明所提供的过滤装置第一种具体实施方式的结构示意图，图3为本发明所提供的过滤装置第二种具体实施方式的结构示意图，其中，图2和图3中省略了过滤器侧面的滤孔。
需要说明的是，本文中的方位词，是以螺旋进风通道位于过滤装置底部时的状态为基准定义的，图2和图3中过滤装置的底部位于附图的上侧。应当理解，本文中所采用的方位词不应当限制本专利的保护范围。
在一种具体的实施方式中，本发明提供了一种过滤装置，包括动力部件、旋风工作腔4和设于旋风工作腔4的底部的螺旋进风通道，以及设于风工作腔4内部的过滤器1，气流进入过滤器1后流向动力部件，过滤器1的一端安装在风工作腔4的底部，另一端与旋风工作腔4的顶部相抵。
过滤装置工作时，在动力部件的作用下，在旋风工作腔4中产生负压，带着尘屑的气体沿螺旋进风通道进入旋风工作腔4中，气体经过滤器1过滤后进入过滤器1的内部，然后流向动力部件。
与现有技术相比，该过滤装置的旋风工作腔4的体积较小，旋风工作腔4的体积与过滤器1的体积比较小，过滤器1产生负压的速度较快，过滤装置启动的瞬间就能够将尘屑吸入旋风工作腔4，吸尘速度快，工作效率高。
吸尘过程中，尘屑沿螺旋进风通道进入旋风工作腔4，进入后的气流在旋风工作腔4内形成旋转气流，仍然按照螺旋的运动趋势运动，尘屑在离心力的作用下会靠近旋风工作腔4的侧壁，并沿着侧壁运动，尘屑远离过滤器1，能够保证过滤器1的使用寿命。
旋风工作腔4的体积与过滤器1的体积比较小，与现有技术相比，旋风工作腔4的体积较小，减小了整个过滤装置的体积，使过滤装置小型化；该过滤装置还能够保证过滤器1的使用寿命，并且还提高了过滤装置的吸尘速度，提高工作效率。
一种优选的实施方式中，旋风工作腔4的侧壁从底部向顶部渐缩，侧壁与旋风工作腔4的中心线的夹角小于3度。
过滤装置工作时，在旋风工作腔4内形成旋转气流，使气流中混杂的灰尘或其它杂质产生离心力并在离心力的作用下沿旋风工作腔4的侧壁移动，旋风工作腔4的侧壁与中心线的夹角B小于3度，旋风工作腔4的结构近似于圆柱形，相对于锥形的结构，旋转气流移动过程中其内的灰尘受到的侧壁的阻力较小，能够使灰尘保持较大的离心力，随着气流的作用越来越小，灰尘很容易被抛出气流，留在旋风工作腔4内部，而不会随气流进入过滤器1。从而减小过滤器1的除尘压力，延长过滤器1的使用寿命，进入动力部件的杂质越少，越有利于动力部件的工作，过滤装置的性能越优越。
进一步的具体实施方式中，侧壁与中心线平行，即侧壁与中心线的夹角B为0，旋风工作腔4为圆柱形，则侧壁对气流内的灰尘的阻力更小，灰尘更容易被甩出气流。
上述各实施方式中，滤孔在过滤器1的周壁上均匀分布。
过滤器1的滤孔在过滤器1的整个周壁上均匀分布，滤孔可以靠近旋风工作腔4的顶部，这样可以使得过滤器1的滤孔较多，动力设备启动时，能够加快旋风工作腔4形成负压的速度，进一步加快吸尘速度。
由于进入旋风工作腔4的气流仍然为旋转气流，气流内的尘屑具有远离中心的运动趋势，则均远离过滤器1，由于过滤装置的结构接近圆柱形，对气流内尘屑的阻力较小，能够使尘屑保持较大的离心力，尘屑沿旋风工作腔4的侧壁移动过程中，容易被甩出气流，所以，滤孔靠近旋风工作腔4的顶部，也不会受到尘屑的影响，仍然能够保证过滤器1的使用。
图2和图3中省略了过滤器1滤孔，过滤器1的滤孔可以为圆孔、椭圆孔或长条孔。
上述各具体的实施方式中，该过滤装置还包括集尘腔5，集尘腔5具有入尘口，旋风工作腔4的侧壁设有析尘口，析尘口与入尘口相连通。
具体结构如图3所示，另外，集尘腔5的体积较小，集尘腔5的体积与旋风工作腔4的体积之和小于现有技术中集尘室2的体积，该过滤装置同样能够快速启动，保持较快的工作效率。
气体在旋风工作腔4中旋转时，气体中的杂质在离心力的作用下具有远离中心的运动趋势，经过旋风工作腔4的析尘口时，能够从析尘口中甩出；而集尘腔5的入尘口与析尘口连通，从析尘口中甩出的杂质恰好能够经入尘口进入集尘腔5中。
集尘腔5中没有动力源，杂质进入集尘腔5中，其离心力逐渐减小，最后汇集在集尘腔5中，实现除尘的目的。此结构的过滤装置尤其适用于一些杂质颗粒较大的场合，在除尘时采用此方式可以减小一级过滤时过滤器1的除尘压力，延长过滤器1的使用寿命，同时提高过滤装置的适用性。
具体的，集尘腔5与旋风工作腔4之间可以为可拆卸连接，可以根据过滤装置的工作情况，选择是否安装集尘腔5，不安装集尘腔5时，将析尘口封住；集尘腔5内的聚集的灰尘较多时，可以将其拆下，清理灰尘。集尘腔5与旋风工作腔4之间也可以为固定连接，集尘腔5上可以设有清灰口，集尘腔5内的灰尘较多时，可以开启清灰口清理灰尘。
进一步具体的实施方式中，析尘口所在的平面与旋风工作腔4的侧壁相切。
气体带着杂质在旋风工作腔4中螺旋前进，杂质在离心力的作用下靠近旋风工作腔4的侧壁，经过与侧壁相切的析尘口时，能够沿着侧壁从析尘口甩出，杂质的析出效率高，除尘效果好。
请参考图4，图4为本发明所提供的过滤装置第三种具体实施方式的结构示意图。
进一种优选的实施方式中，析尘口的长度小于或等于过滤器1的长度。如图4所示，析尘口的长度可以延伸到整个旋风工作腔4的侧壁，相应的集尘腔5的长度也随着析尘口的长度增长。
气体携带杂质进入旋风工作腔4后就按照螺旋的运动轨迹运动，气体 内的杂质具有一定的离心力，靠近旋风工作腔4的侧壁，经过析尘口时，杂质能够被甩入集尘腔。
气体在旋风工作腔4中运动时，在过滤器1轴向方向上，气体运动到析尘口所在区域即可将杂质甩入集尘腔，当析尘口的长度等于过滤器1的长度时，气体进入过滤器1所在的区域，就能向析尘口甩出杂质，气体与杂质分离的效果较好，杂质的析出率较高，能够获得最佳的除尘效果。
上述各具体的实施方式中，气流经螺旋进风通道进入旋风工作腔4后，形成旋转气流，随着气流行程的增加，气流的移动速度逐渐减弱，气流中的杂质被甩出，随后气流进入过滤器1，然后经动力部件流出，动力部件的位置并不影响气流在旋风工作腔4的内运动形式，动力部件与过滤器1连通，启动时能够通过过滤器1使旋风工作腔4产生负压即可，所以，动力部件可以从旋风工作腔4的底部一侧与过滤器1连通，也可以从旋风工作腔4的顶部一侧与过滤器1连通。
具体的，可以根据过滤装置实际的结构需要设置动力部件的位置。
上述各具体的实施方式中，旋风工作腔4的螺旋进风通道的螺旋仰角大于5度小于15度。
螺旋仰角的大小直接影响粉尘进入旋风工作腔4后的运行速度，速度越快，粉尘分离能力越强，越慢刚越弱。因此，在螺旋进风通道的气流量和吸入杂质大小体积均满足要求的前提下，螺旋进风通道的仰角越小，过滤装置的除尘效率越高。
具体地，上述的螺旋进风通道的内沿高于外沿。
显然，此处的内外以过滤器1的中心为参考点，靠近过滤器1中心为内，反之为外，即螺旋进风通道的底面为向外倾斜的斜坡面，气流经过具有倾斜面的风道导向后，其离心力更强，气体中的粉尘除了受离心力的影响，也受其自身重力的影响，加大其甩出力度，进一步远离旋风工作腔4，设有集尘腔5时，甩入集尘腔5，进一步加强了过滤装置的析尘能力。
以上对本发明所提供的过滤装置进行了详细介绍。本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通 技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种过滤装置，包括动力部件、旋风工作腔(4)和设于所述旋风工作腔(4)的底部的螺旋进风通道，以及设于所述旋风工作腔(4)内部的过滤器(1)，气流进入所述过滤器(1)后流向所述动力部件，其特征在于，所述过滤器(1)的一端安装在所述旋风工作腔(4)的所述底部，另一端与所述旋风工作腔(4)的顶部相抵。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的过滤装置，其特征在于，所述旋风工作腔(4)的侧壁从所述底部向所述顶部渐缩，所述侧壁与所述旋风工作腔(4)的中心线的夹角小于3度。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的过滤装置，其特征在于，所述旋风工作腔(4)的侧壁与所述旋风工作腔(4)的中心线平行。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的过滤装置，其特征在于，所述滤孔在所述过滤器(1)的周壁上均匀分布。
  5. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的过滤装置，其特征在于，还包括集尘腔(5)，所述集尘腔(5)具有入尘口，所述旋风工作腔(4)的侧壁设有析尘口，所述析尘口与所述入尘口相连通。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的过滤装置，其特征在于，所述析尘口所在的平面与所述旋风工作腔(4)的侧壁相切。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的过滤装置，其特征在于，所述析尘口的长度小于或等于所述过滤器(1)的长度。
  8. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的过滤装置，其特征在于，所述动力部件从所述旋风工作腔(4)的所述底部一侧与所述过滤器(1)连通。
  9. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的过滤装置，其特征在于，所述动力部件从所述旋风工作腔(4)的所述顶部一侧与所述过滤器(1)连通。
  10. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的过滤装置，其特征在于，所述螺旋进风通道的螺旋仰角大于5度小于15度，所述螺旋进风通道的内沿高于外沿。
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