WO2017090159A1 - Machine électrique tournante - Google Patents

Machine électrique tournante Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017090159A1
WO2017090159A1 PCT/JP2015/083258 JP2015083258W WO2017090159A1 WO 2017090159 A1 WO2017090159 A1 WO 2017090159A1 JP 2015083258 W JP2015083258 W JP 2015083258W WO 2017090159 A1 WO2017090159 A1 WO 2017090159A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
permanent magnets
rotor core
electrical machine
permanent magnet
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2015/083258
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
野中　剛
平山　雅之
Original Assignee
株式会社安川電機
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社安川電機 filed Critical 株式会社安川電機
Priority to PCT/JP2015/083258 priority Critical patent/WO2017090159A1/fr
Publication of WO2017090159A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017090159A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
    • H02K17/02—Asynchronous induction motors
    • H02K17/26—Asynchronous induction motors having rotors or stators designed to permit synchronous operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/46—Motors having additional short-circuited winding for starting as an asynchronous motor

Definitions

  • the disclosed embodiment relates to a rotating electrical machine.
  • Patent Document 1 describes an electric motor having a rotor core and a secondary conductor and a permanent magnet.
  • the starting torque and the synchronization are obtained by the mutual influence of the magnetic flux of the induced current in the secondary conductor and the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet. There was a problem that the driving torque during operation was insufficient.
  • the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object thereof is to provide a rotating electrical machine capable of increasing a starting torque and a driving torque during synchronous operation.
  • a rotating electrical machine having a stator having a winding and a rotor, and the rotor includes a rotor core and the rotor core.
  • a plurality of permanent magnets arranged on the outer side of the rotor core, and a plurality of secondary conductors through which an induced current flows by sliding with the rotating magnetic field of the stator,
  • a rotating electric machine configured so that a field magnetic flux interlinking with the windings of the plurality of permanent magnets is applied.
  • a rotary electric machine which has a stator provided with the coil
  • the said rotor is a rotor core, and the some arrange
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axis as seen in the section taken along the line II-II in FIG. It is the figure which expanded the rotor in FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the magnetic flux path
  • FIG. 5 is a radial cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a configuration of a relative angle restriction mechanism during low-speed operation as viewed in a cross-section taken along line VI-VI in FIG. 1.
  • It is radial direction sectional drawing showing an example of a structure of the relative angle control mechanism at the time of high speed driving
  • It is a figure showing an example of the change of the drive torque with respect to the rotational speed at the time of operating a rotary electric machine.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of an axial cross section of the rotating electrical machine of the present embodiment
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of an axial orthogonal cross section of the rotating electrical machine as seen in the section taken along the line II-II in FIG. 3 shows only the rotor in FIG. 2 in an enlarged manner.
  • the rotating electrical machine 1 of the present embodiment includes a substantially cylindrical stator 2 and a rotor 3 having a shaft 10.
  • the rotating electrical machine 1 is a so-called inner rotor type motor in which a rotor 3 is disposed inside a stator 2.
  • the rotating electrical machine 1 may be used as a generator.
  • the rotating electrical machine 1 is a SIM (Synchronous Induction Motor) having a secondary conductor 30 and a permanent magnet 40 on the rotor core 20 of the rotor 3 and having both an induction type and a synchronous type configuration.
  • the rotating electrical machine 1 of the present embodiment also includes a variable field type configuration that changes the field magnetic flux.
  • the stator 2 is fixed to the inner periphery of a substantially cylindrical frame 4.
  • a load side bracket 11 is provided on the load side (right side in FIG. 1) of the frame 4.
  • An anti-load side bracket 13 is provided on the anti-load side of the frame 4 (left side in FIG. 1).
  • the load side bracket 11 and the anti-load side bracket 13 are fixed to the frame 4 with bolts (not shown).
  • the stator 2 has a stator core 5 and a stator winding 7.
  • the “load side” refers to the direction in which a load is attached to the rotating electrical machine 1, that is, the direction in which the shaft 10 protrudes (right side in FIG. 1) in this example. It points in the opposite direction to the load side (left side in FIG. 1).
  • the stator core 5 includes a substantially cylindrical yoke portion 71 fixed to the inner periphery of the frame 4 and a plurality (36 in the illustrated example) of teeth portions 72 protruding from the yoke portion 71 toward the inner periphery. .
  • the stator winding 7 (an example of a winding) is mounted in a slot between two teeth portions 72 adjacent in the circumferential direction.
  • a rotating magnetic field in which a magnetic pole rotates around the axis AX is generated in the stator core 5.
  • the rotor 3 is disposed inside the stator 2 so as to face the inner peripheral surface of the stator 2 in the radial direction via a magnetic gap.
  • the rotor 3 includes a substantially cylindrical first rotor core 21 and a second rotor disposed coaxially and relative to the first rotor core 21 on the radially inner side of the first rotor core 21.
  • An iron core 22 and a shaft 10 fixed so as to be coaxial with the second rotor iron core 22 in the radial direction are provided.
  • the shaft 10 is rotatably supported around the axis AX by bearings 14 respectively installed on the load side bracket 11 and the anti-load side bracket 13.
  • the rotor 3 includes a plurality of secondary conductors 30 (44 in the illustrated example) and a plurality (eight in the illustrated example) of permanent magnets 40.
  • the rotor 3 includes a relative angle restriction mechanism 50. The configuration and function of the relative angle restriction mechanism 50 will be described in detail later.
  • the above “coaxial” is not a strict meaning, and tolerances, errors, etc. in design and manufacturing are allowed. That is, it means “substantially coaxial”.
  • the “axial direction” is the direction of the axis AX
  • the “radial direction” is a radial direction centered on the axis AX
  • the “circumferential direction” is a circumference centered on the axis AX.
  • Direction in other words, the rotational direction of the shaft 10.
  • the rotor core 20 is formed so that the axial length is substantially equal to the stator core 5.
  • the first rotor core 21 is rotatable about the axis AX with respect to the stator 2 and is axially centered with respect to the shaft 10, the second rotor core 22, and a plurality of second permanent magnets 42 described later. Relative rotation about AX is possible.
  • the rotation speed range and the rotation angle range in which relative rotation of the first rotor core 21 with respect to the second rotor core 22 is allowed are restricted by the function of the relative angle restriction mechanism 50 described later.
  • first permanent magnets 41 arranged inside the first rotor core 21, and along with the rotation of the first rotor core 21.
  • the rotor 3 has a configuration as a rotor used for a so-called IPM (Internal Permanent Magnet) type synchronous motor in which a plurality of first permanent magnets 41 are embedded in the first rotor core 21.
  • IPM Internal Permanent Magnet
  • the four first permanent magnets 41 are specifically configured so that the same magnetic poles (N poles or S poles) of the first permanent magnets 41 adjacent in the rotation direction face each other in the rotation direction. Arranged radially inside the first rotor core 21 about the axis AX.
  • each of the four regions partitioned in the rotation direction by the four first permanent magnets 41 constitutes the magnetic pole portion 21 a.
  • the second rotor core 22 rotates together with the shaft 10.
  • the same number as the plurality of magnetic pole portions 21a formed in the first rotor core 21, that is, in this example Four second permanent magnets 42 are provided. These second permanent magnets 42 are installed at equal intervals so that the polarities in the radial direction are alternately different along the rotation direction (N pole ⁇ S pole ⁇ N pole ⁇ S pole ⁇ ). ing.
  • the plurality of secondary conductors 30 are rod-shaped members each made of a nonmagnetic and conductive material (for example, aluminum), and are radially outer than the first permanent magnet 41 inside the first rotor core 21. Are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the side.
  • each secondary conductor 30 is formed in a substantially pentagon shape that is long in the radial direction when viewed in an axial orthogonal cross section, and the end portions on the load side and the anti-load side are annular side plates 51 and 52 (rear Are connected via a detailed description). Specifically, end portions on the load side (right side in FIG. 1) of the secondary conductors 30 are connected to each other via the first load side plate 51, and are electrically connected to each other.
  • the end portions on the anti-load side (left side in FIG. 1) of the secondary conductors 30 are connected via the first anti-load side plate 52, and are electrically connected to each other. That is, the rotor 3 has a configuration as a rotor used for a so-called cage-type induction motor having a cage-shaped secondary conductor 30 as a whole.
  • a driving torque (hereinafter referred to as magnet torque) is obtained between the rotating magnetic field of the stator 2 and the field magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 40 provided on the rotor 3.
  • magnet torque a driving torque
  • high driving torque and high efficiency can be obtained at the time of stable operation.
  • the stator 3 is rotated by rotating the rotor 3 at a certain or higher inertia speed by a separate means. It is necessary to obtain synchronization with the two rotating magnetic fields.
  • the rotor core 20 includes a secondary conductor 30 and a permanent magnet 40, that is, both inductive and synchronous configurations. Since the rotor 3 includes the secondary conductor 30, this SIM can be started automatically from a stop by simply supplying commercial AC power directly as in the induction type. In addition, since the rotor 3 includes a permanent magnet, the SIM can be synchronously driven in synchronization with the rotating magnetic field when the rotor 3 is rotated at a certain inertia speed or more.
  • the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 40 affects the induction current in the secondary conductor 30 and the generation of the magnetic flux, the startup torque (induction torque) as an induction type is reduced and noise and vibration are generated during startup acceleration. There is a case.
  • the magnetization intensity of the permanent magnet 40 is weakened to avoid this problem, the driving torque (magnet torque) at the time of synchronous driving is reduced.
  • the magnetic flux of the induced current in the secondary conductor 30 and the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 40 affect each other, there is a problem that it is difficult to achieve both the induction type and synchronous type advantages in the SIM.
  • the SIM-structured rotor 3 interlinks with the stator winding 7 of the stator 2 by a plurality of permanent magnets 40 (in other words, out of the magnetic flux generated from the permanent magnets 40).
  • the magnetic flux emitted to the outer peripheral side of the rotor 3 is changed.
  • the drive torque (magnet torque) by the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 40 at the time of synchronous operation is increased. Is possible. Details thereof will be sequentially described below.
  • FIG. 4 shows a state where the load torque is small.
  • the first rotor core 21 is magnetically attracted to the second rotor core 22 at an angular position where the magnetic pole portion 21a and the second permanent magnet 42 having different polarities face each other in the radial direction. Is held by.
  • most of the magnetic flux of the magnetic pole portion 21 a (first permanent magnet 41) is short-circuited to the second permanent magnet 42 located radially inward from the magnetic pole portion 21 a (first permanent magnet 41). That is, the field magnetic flux interlinking with the stator winding 7 of the stator 2 is minimized. For this reason, even if a rotating magnetic field is generated in the stator 2, almost no magnet torque is generated in the rotor 3.
  • the first rotor core 21 and the second rotor core 22 are arranged at the relative angles shown in FIG. 4, that is, the magnetic pole portions 21a and the second permanent magnets 42 having different polarities from each other.
  • the state of the field magnetic flux in a state where is directly opposed in the radial direction is called the “minimum” field magnetic flux.
  • FIG. 5 shows a state where the load torque is increasing.
  • the relative angle between the first rotor core 21 and the second rotor core 22 increases against the magnetic attractive force (in the example shown in FIG. 5, approximately 45 ° in the clockwise direction). ).
  • the portion where the polarities of the magnetic pole portion 21a and the second permanent magnet 42 match increases, and the magnetic flux that is short-circuited from the first permanent magnet 41 to the second permanent magnet 42 decreases.
  • the polarity of the magnetic pole part 21a comes to be strengthened by the 2nd permanent magnet 42, the field magnetic flux for the amount discharge
  • FIG. 6 shows a state where the load torque is further increased.
  • the first rotor iron core 21 and the second rotor iron core 22 further increase the relative angle against the magnetic attraction force, and the angular position where the polarities of the magnetic pole part 21a and the second permanent magnet 42 coincide with each other. It has become.
  • the magnetic flux that is short-circuited from the magnetic pole portion 21a to the second permanent magnet 42 is almost eliminated, and the magnetic flux of the magnetic pole portion 21a is further strengthened by the second permanent magnet 42. Maximum. For this reason, when a rotating magnetic field is generated in the stator 2, magnet torque is most effectively generated.
  • the first rotor core 21 and the second rotor core 22 are arranged at the relative angles shown in FIG. 6, that is, the polarities of the magnetic pole portion 21a and the second permanent magnet 42 are the same.
  • the rotating electrical machine 1 sets the above-described fluctuation range of the relative angle between the first rotor core 21 and the second rotor core 22 to the magnetic pole pitch of the second permanent magnet 42 as shown in FIGS.
  • a relative angle regulating mechanism 50 that regulates an angle range of approximately 90 ° or less is provided.
  • the relative angle regulating mechanism 50 also has a function of switching between induction torque and magnet torque according to the rotational speed of the rotor 3.
  • FIG. 7 shows an example of a cross section perpendicular to the axis of the relative angle regulating mechanism 50 as seen in the cross section taken along the arrow VII-VII in FIG.
  • an annular first load side plate 51 and a first antiload side plate 52 are respectively connected to the load side end portion and the counter load side end portion of the first rotor core 21. It is mounted so as to be coaxial with 10.
  • the first load side plate 51 (an example of the first plate) and the first anti-load side plate 52 are fixed to the first rotor core 21 by penetration of bolts 55.
  • annular second load side plate 53 (an example of a second plate) and a second anti load side plate 54 (an example of the second plate) are respectively provided at the load side end portion and the counter load side end portion of the second rotor core 22.
  • An example of the second plate is mounted so as to be coaxial with the shaft 10.
  • the second load side plate 53 and the second anti-load side plate 54 are supported in the axial direction in contact with the inner ring of the bearing 14 supported by the load-side bracket 11 and the anti-load-side bracket 13, respectively.
  • the key 15 is fixed so as not to rotate relative to the shaft 10.
  • the first load side plate 51 and the first anti-load side plate 52 rotate with the rotation of the first rotor core 21, and the shaft 10, the second rotor core 22, the second load side plate 53, and The second counter-load side plate 54 can be rotated around the axis AX.
  • the inner peripheral surface of the first load side plate 51 and the outer peripheral surface of the second load side plate 53 facing each other in the radial direction are separated by a predetermined distance D.
  • a plurality (four in this example) of first protrusions 56 protruding inward in the radial direction are provided at equal intervals in the rotation direction.
  • the inner peripheral end of each first protrusion 56 is opposed to the outer peripheral surface of the second load side plate 53 in the radial direction through a narrow gap.
  • a plurality (four in this example) of second protrusions 57 protruding outward in the radial direction are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the second load side plate 53 at equal intervals in the rotational direction.
  • the outer peripheral end of each second protrusion 57 is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the first load side plate 51 so as to be relatively rotatable.
  • first protrusions 56 and second protrusions 57 are provided in the rotation direction at the same angular interval (approximately 90 ° interval), and are in an arrangement relationship overlapping each other in the radial direction. That is, the first protrusions 56 and the second protrusions 57 are alternately arranged in the rotation direction at the same radial position. For this reason, each 1st projection part 56 can contact in the circumferential direction with the two 2nd projection parts 57 located in each rotation direction both sides, and with respect to the 2nd load side plate 53 in the angle range which carries out relative rotation between them.
  • the fluctuation range of the relative angle of the first load side plate 51 is restricted. That is, the first load side plate 51 and the second load side plate 53 constitute a relative angle restricting mechanism 50 and restrict the fluctuation range of the relative angle between the first rotor core 21 and the second rotor core 22.
  • the variation range of the relative angle between the first rotor core 21 and the second rotor core 22 is such that the number of the first protrusions 56 and the second protrusions 57, the arrangement angle interval, and the thicknesses in the respective rotation directions. It can be adjusted by setting the dimensions. By adjusting the fluctuation range of the relative angle to be equal to or less than the magnetic pole pitch of the magnetic pole portion 21a and the second permanent magnet 42 and adjusting the phase in the rotation direction, the field magnetic flux and the magnet torque shown in FIGS. Change is possible.
  • the movable weir portion 58 is provided inside each first protrusion 56.
  • the movable dam portion 58 is entirely composed of a permanent magnet (an example of a third permanent magnet), and is provided so as to be movable in the radial direction inside the first protrusion 56.
  • the movable weir 58 protrudes from the inner peripheral tip of the first protrusion 56 by its own magnetic attractive force and contacts the outer peripheral surface of the second load side plate 53. .
  • the movable weir portion 58 is drawn into the first protrusion 56 by its own centrifugal force and is separated from the outer peripheral surface of the second load side plate 53.
  • the first load side plate 51 is closed between the inner peripheral surface of the first load side plate 51 and the outer peripheral surface of the second load side plate 53 between the two second protrusions 57 adjacent in the rotation direction.
  • a chamber 59 of space is formed.
  • the chamber 59 is sandwiched between the first load side plate 51 and the second load side plate 53 and is also closed in the axial direction.
  • four chambers 59 are provided, and each first protrusion 56 can move in the rotation direction in each chamber 59.
  • Each chamber 59 is filled with an incompressible fluid having lubricity, such as grease 60, and the inner peripheral side of the first protrusion 56 when each first protrusion 56 moves in the chamber 59.
  • a gap between the tip and the outer peripheral surface of the second load side plate 53 serves as an orifice, and the grease 60 circulates between spaces on both sides in the rotational direction of the first protrusion 56.
  • incompressible fluid means that the volume of the fluid does not change even when a force is applied from the outside and the density is substantially constant, and the influence of compression and expansion can be substantially ignored. It refers to fluid.
  • the chamber 59 is partitioned in the circumferential direction and the flow of the grease 60 is blocked.
  • the first protrusion 56 cannot move in the rotation direction. That is, when the rotor 3 rotates at a low speed lower than a predetermined rotation speed, the first rotor core 21 is held without being able to rotate relative to the second rotor core 22.
  • the phase in the rotational direction of the relative angle restricting mechanism 50 is set so that the relative relationship between the relative angles of 51 and the second load side plate 53 is compatible.
  • the relative angle regulating mechanism 50 allows the first load side plate 51 to rotate in the clockwise direction with respect to the second load side plate 53 as shown in FIG. To do.
  • the relative angle regulating mechanism 50 allows the first rotor core 21 to rotate in the clockwise direction with respect to the second rotor core 22 in the order of FIG. 4 ⁇ FIG. 5 ⁇ FIG.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example of a change in drive torque with respect to the rotation speed (rotation speed) when the rotating electrical machine 1 of the present embodiment is operated. The operation process of the rotating electrical machine 1 will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the relative angle restriction mechanism 50 causes the first rotor core 21 to move relative to the second rotor core 22 as described above with respect to the relative angle shown in FIG.
  • the field magnetic flux is fixed to the outer peripheral side of the rotor 3 from the magnetic pole portion 21a and the second permanent magnet 42 and is minimized. For this reason, even if a rotating magnetic field is generated in the stator 2, almost no magnet torque is generated in the rotor 3, and inductive torque is most effectively generated instead. That is, when the motor is stopped, the rotating electrical machine 1 functions almost as an induction motor, and a large starting torque can be obtained only by the induction torque by directly supplying commercial AC power with a fixed frequency. When this starting torque is sufficiently larger than a load torque (not shown), smooth self-starting is possible.
  • the state in which the field magnetic flux is “minimum” means that the first rotor core 21 and the second rotor core 22 are arranged at the relative angles shown in FIG. 4, that is, the magnetic pole portions 21a having different polarities. And the state of the field magnetic flux in a state where the second permanent magnet 42 faces the radial direction.
  • the rotating electrical machine 1 increases the rotational speed while maintaining the function as the induction motor, and provides the largest stalling torque at the specific rotational speed (for example, about 1200 min ⁇ 1 in the example shown in FIG. 9).
  • the speed is increased to a synchronous speed at which the induction torque becomes 0 (for example, about 1800 min ⁇ 1 in the example shown in FIG. 9).
  • the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 40 has little influence on the induction operation, so that smooth acceleration with reduced noise and vibration is possible.
  • the rotational speed is stabilized by the balance between the induction torque and the load torque in the stable speed region from the stationary torque rotational speed to the synchronous speed rotational speed.
  • the rotation speed (in the example shown in FIG. 9) that switches between fixing and allowing the relative rotation between the first rotor core 21 and the second rotor core 22 within this stable speed region. For example, about 1720 min ⁇ 1 ) is set.
  • the movable weir portion 58 is separated from the outer peripheral surface of the second load side plate 53 and the chamber 59 The grease 60 is allowed to flow, and relative rotation between the first rotor core 21 and the second rotor core 22 is allowed.
  • the rotor 3 rotates at a sufficient inertial speed near the synchronous speed, the induced torque is sufficiently low, and the magnet torque increases due to the load torque through the steps of FIGS.
  • the shift to the synchronous operation by the magnet torque is smoothly performed.
  • slippage between the rotating magnetic field of the stator 2 and the rotor 3 is eliminated, so that almost no induction torque is generated. Instead, the magnet torque is most effectively generated and the high driving torque is obtained. It can be driven with high efficiency.
  • the 2nd rotor core 22 provided with the magnet 42 is equivalent to an example of the means to change the field magnetic flux linked to the winding by a plurality of permanent magnets.
  • FIG. 10 shows an enlarged view of one magnetic pole portion 21a and its periphery in the rotor 3.
  • a plurality of secondary conductors 30 are arranged at equal intervals in the rotational direction outside the first permanent magnet 41 in the radial direction.
  • the secondary conductor 30 closest to each first permanent magnet 41 among these is arranged so that the first permanent magnet 41 and the circumferential center substantially coincide.
  • the non-magnetic secondary conductor 30 arranged so as to overlap the first permanent magnet 41 in the circumferential direction is a so-called flux that prevents short-circuiting of the magnetic flux between the magnetic pole portions 21 a at the outer peripheral side end of the first permanent magnet 41.
  • the first permanent magnet 41 and the secondary conductor 30 are not completely brought into contact with each other in the radial direction in order to secure a flow path of magnetic flux due to the induced current around the secondary conductor 30 during the induction operation. It arrange
  • the maximum total amount of magnetic flux that can be generated in one magnetic pole portion 21a is the radial dimension Mr of each of the two first permanent magnets 41 surrounding the magnetic pole portion 21a, and the circumferential dimension Mc of one second permanent magnet 42. Is proportional to the total dimension (2Mr + Mc). Further, when there are N circumferential gaps between the secondary conductors 30 corresponding to one magnetic pole portion 21a (11 places in this example), the total dimension (N ⁇ W) of the separation distance W of the circumferential gaps. ) Is the passing width dimension of the field magnetic flux.
  • the field magnetic flux interlinked with the stator winding 7 of the stator 2 by the plurality of permanent magnets 40 in the rotor 3 having both inductive and synchronous configurations. Is configured to change.
  • the influence of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 40 on the generation of the induction torque at the start-up is suppressed, and the drive torque of the magnet torque at the time of synchronous operation can be increased.
  • the rotor 3 does not slip with respect to the rotating magnetic field, so that the influence of the induction torque on the magnet torque is reduced.
  • noise vibration can be suppressed and the starting torque and the driving torque during synchronous operation can be increased, so that both the advantages of the induction type and the synchronous type can be achieved.
  • the rotor 3 is particularly configured to change the arrangement of the plurality of permanent magnets 40 (relative arrangement of the first permanent magnet 41 and the second permanent magnet 42) according to the rotational speed. Yes. This makes it possible to change the field magnetic flux in the rotor 3 with a relatively simple mechanical structure regardless of electrical control.
  • the rotor 3 minimizes the field magnetic flux at the time of stop, and the field at the time of high speed rotation higher than a predetermined rotation speed (1720 min ⁇ 1 in the example shown in FIG. 9) is higher than that at the time of stop. It is configured to increase the magnetic flux.
  • a predetermined rotation speed 1720 min ⁇ 1 in the example shown in FIG. 9
  • the magnet torque can be increased more than when the rotor 3 is stopped, and the driving torque during the synchronous operation can be increased.
  • the synchronous operation can be started in synchronization with the rotating magnetic field of the stator 2 regardless of the magnitude of the load torque.
  • this synchronous operation no slip occurs between the rotating magnetic field of the stator 2 and the rotor 3, so that almost no induction torque is generated and the rotor 3 is driven only by the magnet torque.
  • the same magnetic pole as the first rotor core 21 and the second rotor core 22 disposed on the radial inner side of the first rotor core 21 and rotatable relative to the first rotor core 21 are configured in the first rotor core 21 by a plurality of first permanent magnets 41 radially disposed inside the first rotor core 21 so as to face each other in the circumferential direction. And at least one second permanent magnet 42 disposed on the outer periphery of the second rotor core 22 so that the magnetic poles are alternately different along the circumferential direction.
  • the plurality of secondary conductors 30 are made of a non-magnetic material and include the secondary conductors 30 arranged at positions overlapping the first permanent magnet 41 in the circumferential direction.
  • the non-magnetic secondary conductor 30 that overlaps the first permanent magnet 41 in the circumferential direction serves as a so-called flux barrier that prevents short-circuiting of the magnetic flux between the magnetic pole portions 21 a at the outer peripheral side end of the first permanent magnet 41. Function.
  • the plurality of secondary conductors 30 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction in the first rotor core 21, and the circumference between the plurality of secondary conductors 30 corresponding to one magnetic pole portion 21a.
  • the sum of the distances in the direction (N ⁇ W) is the sum of the radial dimension Mr of each of the two first permanent magnets 41 surrounding one magnetic pole portion 21a and the circumferential dimension Mc of one second permanent magnet 42 (2Mr + Mc). ) Is set to be larger than half.
  • the rotor 3 regulates the fluctuation range of the relative angle between the first rotor core 21 and the second rotor core 22 to an angle range equal to or smaller than the magnetic pole pitch of the second permanent magnet 42.
  • a relative angle regulating mechanism 50 is provided.
  • the relative angle regulating mechanism 50 has a first load side plate 51 fixed to at least one end portion in the axial direction of the first rotor core 21, and the first load side plate 51 has a diameter. At least one first projection 56 projecting inward in the direction, a second load side plate 53 fixed to at least one end in the axial direction of the second rotor core 22, and a second load side plate 53 And at least one second protrusion 57 that protrudes outward in the radial direction and can contact the first protrusion 56 in the circumferential direction.
  • the relative angle regulating mechanism 50 can regulate the fluctuation range of the relative angle between the first rotor core 21 and the second rotor core 22 with a relatively simple mechanical structure.
  • the relative angle regulating mechanism 50 is formed between the inner peripheral surface of the first load side plate 51 and the outer peripheral surface of the second load side plate 53, and contains an incompressible fluid therein. It has a filled chamber 59 and a movable weir 58 that can partition the chamber 59 in the circumferential direction by moving in the radial direction inside the first protrusion 56. As a result, when the movable dam portion 58 partitions the chamber 59 in the circumferential direction, the relative angle regulating mechanism 50 is not connected to the first rotor core 21 and the second rotor core 22 regardless of the load torque of the rotor 3. Hold the relative angle so as not to fluctuate.
  • the relative angle regulating mechanism 50 performs the second rotation with the first rotor core 21 by the load torque of the rotor 3. Variation in relative angle with the core iron core 22 is allowed.
  • a narrow gap between the inner peripheral tip of the first protrusion 56 and the outer peripheral surface of the second load side plate 53 serves as an orifice between the spaces on both sides in the rotational direction of the first protrusion 56. The grease 60 is circulated between them.
  • the entire chamber functions as a damper and an impact caused by the fluctuation of the load torque. Can be absorbed.
  • the movable dam portion 58 is formed of a permanent magnet, and the rotor 3 comes into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the second load side plate 53 when the rotor 3 rotates at a low speed lower than a predetermined rotation speed. Compart in the circumferential direction. Further, when the rotor 3 rotates at a higher speed than the predetermined rotation speed, the chamber 59 is communicated in the circumferential direction while being separated from the outer peripheral surface of the second load side plate 53.
  • the relative angle regulating mechanism 50 holds the relative angle between the first rotor core 21 and the second rotor core 22 so as not to fluctuate regardless of the load torque of the rotor 3. That is, when the rotor 3 is rotating at a low speed including when it is stopped, the maximum induction torque as the starting torque can be ensured regardless of the load torque.
  • the relative angle restriction mechanism 50 allows the relative angle between the first rotor core 21 and the second rotor core 22 to vary due to the load torque of the rotor 3. That is, when the rotor 3 is rotating at a high speed and the load torque is high, the magnet torque is increased compared with the low load torque, and the driving torque during the synchronous operation is increased.
  • the rotating electrical machine 1 includes 36 slots in which the stator winding 7 is accommodated on the stator 2 side, four magnetic pole portions 21a on the rotor 3 side, and the secondary conductor 30. 44 were provided. That is, when viewed as an induction type, it has a 44P36S slot combination configuration, and when viewed as a synchronous type, it has a 4P36S slot combination configuration.
  • FIG. 11 An example of other slot combinations is shown in FIG.
  • the number of the secondary conductors 30 is 28, which is a combination slot configuration of 28P36S when viewed in the inductive type (4P36S remains in the synchronous type).
  • What is common to these slot combination configurations is that the number of secondary conductors 30 is different from the number of slots.
  • the freedom degree of design of the rotary electric machine 1 can be improved.
  • the distance between the secondary conductors 30 in the circumferential direction can be increased by making the number of the secondary conductors 30 smaller than the number of slots, so that the field magnetic flux is increased.
  • the magnetic flux can be easily prevented from being short-circuited between the magnetic poles in the first rotor core 21.
  • Second Embodiment> Next, a second embodiment will be described. In the second embodiment, parts different from the first embodiment will be mainly described. In addition, components having substantially the same functions as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals in principle, and redundant description of these components is omitted as appropriate.
  • FIG. 12 shows an example of an axial orthogonal cross section of the rotating electrical machine 1A of the present embodiment corresponding to FIG. 2, and FIG. 13 shows only the rotor 3B in FIG.
  • the configuration of the stator 2 is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the configuration of the rotor 3B is different from that of the first embodiment.
  • the rotor 3 ⁇ / b> B according to the present embodiment includes a substantially cylindrical rotor core 23, a shaft 10 ⁇ / b> A fixed to be coaxial with the center of the rotor core 23, and a plurality of secondary conductors 30. (44 in the illustrated example) and a plurality (eight in the illustrated example) of permanent magnets 40 are provided.
  • the rotor 3B includes the relative angle regulating mechanism 50 corresponding to the number of poles, as in the first embodiment.
  • the shaft 10A is a non-magnetic shaft body formed with a larger outer diameter than the shaft 10 of the first embodiment, and the rotor core 23 rotates together with the shaft 10A.
  • Four of the plurality of permanent magnets 40 included in the rotor 3 ⁇ / b> B are fourth permanent magnets 44 that are radially fixedly arranged inside the rotor core 23.
  • the other four permanent magnets 40 are fifth permanent magnets 45 that are arranged radially between the fourth permanent magnets 44 in the circumferential direction and are arranged to be movable radially inward of the fourth permanent magnets 44. is there.
  • the fourth permanent magnet 44 and the fifth permanent magnet 45 have substantially the same radial length, and the fourth permanent magnet 44 and the fifth permanent magnet 45 adjacent in the circumferential direction have the same magnetic pole. Are arranged so as to face each other in the circumferential direction.
  • the fifth permanent magnet 45 is movable from an inner peripheral side position where almost the entire part enters the shaft 10A to the same radial position as the fourth permanent magnet 44, and each of the fifth permanent magnets 45 has a diameter by a coil spring 16 (an example of an elastic member). It is pressed toward the inside in the direction.
  • FIG. 14 shows a state where the rotation speed is low including when the vehicle is stopped.
  • the fifth permanent magnet 45 is held at a position radially inward of the fourth permanent magnet 44 (inside the shaft 10 ⁇ / b> A) by the repulsive force between the fourth permanent magnet 44 and the pressing force of the coil spring 16.
  • the in this state the magnetic flux of the fifth permanent magnet 45 circulates inside the non-magnetic shaft 10A, and most of the magnetic flux of the fourth permanent magnet 44 is adjacent to each other via a path along the circumferential direction. The amount of field magnetic flux generated from these permanent magnets 40 is minimized.
  • the induction torque as the starting torque is maximized.
  • the state where the field magnetic flux is “minimum” means that the fourth permanent magnet 44 and the fifth permanent magnet 45 are in the arrangement shown in FIG. 14, that is, the fifth permanent magnet 45 moves radially inward. That is, the state of the field magnetic flux in a state where it is not substantially located between the fourth permanent magnets adjacent in the circumferential direction.
  • a region between the fourth permanent magnet 44 and the fifth permanent magnet 45 adjacent in the circumferential direction is configured as the magnetic pole portion 23a, and the field magnetic flux emitted from each magnetic pole portion 23a to the outer peripheral side of the rotor 3B increases. .
  • the magnet torque is increased more than when the rotor 3B is stopped, and the driving torque during the synchronous operation is increased.
  • the predetermined speed at which the fifth permanent magnet 45 starts to move to the outer peripheral side is the elastic coefficient of the coil spring 16, the mass of the fifth permanent magnet 45 itself (centrifugal force), and the magnetization strength of the fourth and fifth permanent magnets 44, 45. (Repulsive force) can be adjusted. Then, by setting this predetermined speed within the stable speed region of the guidance operation shown in FIG. 9, it is possible to smoothly switch between the guidance operation and the synchronous operation as in the first embodiment.
  • the rotary electric machine 1A is arranged radially between the plurality of fourth permanent magnets 44 fixedly arranged radially on the rotor core 23 and the plurality of fourth permanent magnets 44 in the circumferential direction.
  • a plurality of fifth permanent magnets 45 arranged to be movable radially inward from the fourth permanent magnets 44.
  • the fourth permanent magnet 44 and the fifth permanent magnet 45 are arranged so that the same magnetic poles face each other in the circumferential direction.
  • the plurality of fifth permanent magnets 45 are more radial than the plurality of fourth permanent magnets 44 when the rotor 3B rotates at a low speed lower than a predetermined rotation speed (for example, 1720 min ⁇ 1 in FIG. 9).
  • a predetermined rotation speed for example, 1720 min ⁇ 1 in FIG. 9.
  • the plurality of fifth permanent magnets 45 are located at positions overlapping with the plurality of fourth permanent magnets 44 in the radial direction. Thereby, the passage of magnetic flux and the type of torque can be changed based on the predetermined rotation speed, and the synchronous operation can be started smoothly.
  • the rotor 3B includes a plurality of coil springs 16 that press the plurality of fifth permanent magnets 45 radially inward.
  • the radial position of the fifth permanent magnet 45 can be adjusted according to the rotational speed by adjusting the elastic coefficient of the coil spring 16.
  • the magnet torque can be adjusted according to the rotational speed, and the predetermined rotational speed for switching between the induction torque and the magnet torque can also be adjusted when the rotating electrical machine 1A is manufactured.
  • the predetermined rotation speed can be adjusted by the mass (centrifugal force) of the fifth permanent magnet 45 and the magnetization strength (repulsive force) of the fourth and fifth permanent magnets 44 and 45 at the design stage. It is.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

Le problème décrit par l'invention est d'augmenter le couple d'entraînement pendant un fonctionnement synchrone, et d'augmenter le couple de démarrage. La solution de l'invention porte sur une machine électrique tournante (1) qui est configurée pour comporter un rotor (3) et un stator (2) pourvu de fils d'enroulement de stator (7). Le rotor (3) comprend un noyau de fer de rotor (20), de multiples aimants permanents (40) disposés sur le noyau de fer de rotor (20), et de multiples conducteurs secondaires (30) qui sont disposés radialement à l'extérieur de la pluralité d'aimants permanents (40) du noyau de fer de rotor (20) et dans lesquels un courant induit circule en résultat d'un glissement par rapport à un champ magnétique tournant du stator (2) ; et des flux magnétiques d'excitation qui sont générés par la pluralité d'aimants permanents (40) et qui sont interconnectés avec les fils d'enroulement de stator (7) varient.
PCT/JP2015/083258 2015-11-26 2015-11-26 Machine électrique tournante WO2017090159A1 (fr)

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PCT/JP2015/083258 WO2017090159A1 (fr) 2015-11-26 2015-11-26 Machine électrique tournante

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109462319A (zh) * 2018-11-15 2019-03-12 山东大学 无刷混合磁极式同步发电机及其方法
CN112134382A (zh) * 2020-09-23 2020-12-25 上海电机学院 一种异步起动的永磁同步电动机的转子结构
CN112821615A (zh) * 2021-02-24 2021-05-18 上海电机学院 一种用于切向充磁的永磁同步电机弱磁扩速的转子结构
WO2021256125A1 (fr) 2020-06-18 2021-12-23 株式会社 東芝 Machine électrique rotative

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JPS54148214A (en) * 1978-05-13 1979-11-20 Hitachi Ltd Permanent-magnet-type synchronous motor
JPS55133654A (en) * 1979-04-02 1980-10-17 Shinko Electric Co Ltd Rotor of permanent-magnet-type inductive synchronous motor and manufacturing method thereof
JPH0965591A (ja) * 1995-08-24 1997-03-07 Toyota Motor Corp 永久磁石モータ
JP2004072978A (ja) * 2002-08-09 2004-03-04 Equos Research Co Ltd 電動機
JP2008072849A (ja) * 2006-09-14 2008-03-27 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 永久磁石式回転電機
JP2013509856A (ja) * 2009-10-30 2013-03-14 ルイ フィンクル 誘導式から同期式へ構成変更可能なモータ

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS54148214A (en) * 1978-05-13 1979-11-20 Hitachi Ltd Permanent-magnet-type synchronous motor
JPS55133654A (en) * 1979-04-02 1980-10-17 Shinko Electric Co Ltd Rotor of permanent-magnet-type inductive synchronous motor and manufacturing method thereof
JPH0965591A (ja) * 1995-08-24 1997-03-07 Toyota Motor Corp 永久磁石モータ
JP2004072978A (ja) * 2002-08-09 2004-03-04 Equos Research Co Ltd 電動機
JP2008072849A (ja) * 2006-09-14 2008-03-27 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 永久磁石式回転電機
JP2013509856A (ja) * 2009-10-30 2013-03-14 ルイ フィンクル 誘導式から同期式へ構成変更可能なモータ

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109462319A (zh) * 2018-11-15 2019-03-12 山东大学 无刷混合磁极式同步发电机及其方法
WO2021256125A1 (fr) 2020-06-18 2021-12-23 株式会社 東芝 Machine électrique rotative
KR20220152311A (ko) 2020-06-18 2022-11-15 가부시끼가이샤 도시바 회전 전기 기기
CN112134382A (zh) * 2020-09-23 2020-12-25 上海电机学院 一种异步起动的永磁同步电动机的转子结构
CN112821615A (zh) * 2021-02-24 2021-05-18 上海电机学院 一种用于切向充磁的永磁同步电机弱磁扩速的转子结构

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