WO2017089947A2 - Composición que comprende bacteriófagos para reducir, eliminar y/o prevenir salmonella enteritidis, salmonella typhimurium y salmonella paratyphi b - Google Patents
Composición que comprende bacteriófagos para reducir, eliminar y/o prevenir salmonella enteritidis, salmonella typhimurium y salmonella paratyphi b Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017089947A2 WO2017089947A2 PCT/IB2016/057014 IB2016057014W WO2017089947A2 WO 2017089947 A2 WO2017089947 A2 WO 2017089947A2 IB 2016057014 W IB2016057014 W IB 2016057014W WO 2017089947 A2 WO2017089947 A2 WO 2017089947A2
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- salmonella
- composition according
- phages
- phage
- bacteriophage
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
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- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
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- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2227/00—Animals characterised by species
- A01K2227/30—Bird
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2795/00—Bacteriophages
- C12N2795/00011—Details
- C12N2795/10011—Details dsDNA Bacteriophages
- C12N2795/10021—Viruses as such, e.g. new isolates, mutants or their genomic sequences
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2795/00—Bacteriophages
- C12N2795/00011—Details
- C12N2795/10011—Details dsDNA Bacteriophages
- C12N2795/10031—Uses of virus other than therapeutic or vaccine, e.g. disinfectant
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2795/00—Bacteriophages
- C12N2795/00011—Details
- C12N2795/10011—Details dsDNA Bacteriophages
- C12N2795/10032—Use of virus as therapeutic agent, other than vaccine, e.g. as cytolytic agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2795/00—Bacteriophages
- C12N2795/00011—Details
- C12N2795/10011—Details dsDNA Bacteriophages
- C12N2795/10111—Myoviridae
- C12N2795/10121—Viruses as such, e.g. new isolates, mutants or their genomic sequences
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2795/00—Bacteriophages
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- C12N2795/10111—Myoviridae
- C12N2795/10131—Uses of virus other than therapeutic or vaccine, e.g. disinfectant
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2795/00—Bacteriophages
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new bacteriophage cocktail with specific lithic activity against Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Paratyphi B., for its reduction, elimination and / or prevention in farm animals and animals from the poultry sector, such as poultry corral, chickens and breeders. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
- Salmonellosis is one of the major causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans (Brenner, et al. 2000). Each year, 93.8 million cases are reported worldwide, producing high rates of morbidity and mortality (155,000 deaths / year) (Majowicz, et al. 2010;
- Salmonella Enteritidis (64.5%) and Salmonella Typhimurium (16.5%) (WO2004071324 A2; EP 2 550 870 A1).
- Salmonella Enteritidis Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Paratyphi B
- Salmonella Enteritidis Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Paratyphi B
- they cause disease in humans when they consume contaminated poultry products because Salmonella penetrates the intestinal barrier, destroying the microvilli of epithelial cells and consequently affecting the absorption capacity (Zhao, 2002; Keller, et al. nineteen ninety five).
- Salmonella control in the poultry chain has historically been based on a combination of biosecurity on the farm, taking adequate sanitary measures of accommodation, production and marketing, in addition to the use of antimicrobials and vaccines (Atterbury, 2007).
- Contamination in poultry farms is the result of infected birds and cross contamination during the production chain (San Myint, 2004; Carrasco, et al. 2012).
- Cross contamination occurs due to the lack of implementation of good manufacturing practices, where the lack of hygiene, errors in the cooling stages and the transport of products, make biosecurity conditions during the production chain not the most appropriate (Carrasco, et al. 2012; San Myint, 2004). In any case, the initial source of contamination by
- Salmonella is due to the status of infected poultry. The importance of the above lies in the control of the bacterium from its initial inoculum, in order to reduce Salmonella contamination in the following stages of the poultry food production process (San Myint, 2004).
- Antimicrobials have been used in agriculture since the early 1950s for the treatment of bacterial infections and to improve food efficiency both in the livestock and poultry sector (Angulo, et al. 2004). In recent years, the excessive application of antimicrobials in the poultry industry has led to the emergence of Salmonella strains resistant to these drugs (INS, 201 1). The problem is that most are used for bacterial control in animals for human consumption and in hospitalized patients who require clinical therapy. Therefore, this increases the likelihood that zoonotic bacteria develop resistance to drugs used in humans (Angulo, et al. 2004).
- MDR multi-drug resistant Salmonella strains
- Phago-therapy has gained high importance in recent years as the results are promising.
- Bacteriophages are viruses that kill bacteria and are widely distributed in all types of environments. Its use has proven to be an effective method for the control of zoonotic bacteria, as they have unique advantages compared to antimicrobials (Atterbury, 2007).
- bacteriophages can be strain-specific or specific species. This characteristic is of great importance because they prevent the imbalance of the intestinal microbiota contrary to what is frequently caused by broad-spectrum antimicrobials (Atterbury, 2007; Kutter & Sulakvelidze, 2005).
- bacteriophages replicate for as long as the bacteria is viable, that is, by eliminating phages, they naturally limit themselves (Atterbury, 2007). Bacteriophages are not toxic to animals or humans because they only attack bacteria. On the other hand, they have the capacity to increase their initial concentration, because by infecting the bacteria they multiply within them until they are eliminated (Kutter & Sulakvelidze, 2005; Summers, 2001); The advantage obtained from the previous process is to reduce the initial dose necessary to eliminate bacterial contamination.
- compositions comprising specific phages or combinations of phages have been reported, which are used for the control of bacteria, especially Salmonella.
- One of the reported cases corresponds to patent WO2013024304, which discloses the use of bacteriophages for the lysis of Salmonella bacteria.
- Said document discloses compositions comprising bacteriophages selected from ⁇ $> SH17, ⁇ $> SH18, ⁇ $> SH19 or a variant of one of these bacteriophages, wherein the variant retains the phenotypic characteristics of the parental bacteriophage.
- patents US20090297561, WO2005024005, US8293515, US200801 18468, US20130336932, US8685696, US8597928 and WO2013014273 describe different types of bacteriophages that have specific activity against Salmonella and which are also used for the preparation of compositions useful for the control, treatment of infection in animals or humans as well as in the colonization of processed and unprocessed food products by Salmonella, or colonization of equipment involved in the processing of the same food products.
- patent RU2232808 teaches a biological preparation for treating and preventing salmonellosis in farm animals and poultry, where said biopreparations contain different strains of bacteriophages, which are taken in an efficient amount.
- WO2013169102 refers to a bacteriophage, a polypeptide and a corresponding polynucleotide, a nucleic acid molecule and / or vector and / or cell comprising said polynucleotide, a composition comprising said bacteriophage, polypeptide, polynucleotide , construct, vector and / or cell, for the prevention, treatment or diagnosis of contamination with Salmonella.
- the main objective of the present invention is to provide a new bacteriophage cocktail with bactericidal activity against serovars of Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Paratyphi B.
- the cocktail contains bacteriophages resistant to chlorine and stable at ambient conditions and at 4 ° C. Therefore, the new cocktail can be used prophylactically for the prevention of colonization of Salmonella strains in farm animals, poultry and eggs.
- a further object of the invention is to prevent the cycle of colonization of pathogenic bacteria in farm animals and poultry by reducing and / or eliminating the transmission of bacterial pathogens during the life cycle of farm animals. you see.
- Another object of the invention is to reduce, eliminate or prevent the colonization of eggs by bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Paratyphi B.
- Typhimurium and Salmonella Paratyphi B which colonize farm animals, eggs and poultry, by applying the new bacteriophage cocktail in the environment where they they find farm animals, chickens, eggs and poultry.
- a further object of the invention is to prevent and eliminate strains of Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella
- Paratyphi B that are polluting the facilities, equipment and machinery that is involved in the process of producing animals for human consumption, such as chicken meat and eggs, by using the new phage cocktail as a disinfectant in farm work areas , on surfaces of the Benefit Plant and processed foods.
- the present invention provides a collection of bacteriophages that can compose a cocktail of different bacteriophages against Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Paratyphi B.
- the present invention is directed to the exposure and / or application of a new bacteriophage cocktail during the production of poultry and / or eggs to reduce, eliminate or prevent the colonization of bacterial pathogens such as
- production as applied to poultry includes, but is not limited to reproduction, breeding, storage, processing and handling of poultry and all functions associated with the same.
- production as applied to eggs includes, but is not limited to the incubation, storage and processing of eggs for consumption and all functions associated therewith.
- production includes, but is not limited to broilers, chickens and breeders.
- Colonization Bacterial refers to the initial exposure of a pathogen and the initial growth and expansion of the population of the microorganism or microorganisms. After colonization the infection occurs, and the bacterial population alters the homeostasis of the host and produces adverse symptoms.
- the subject matter of protection corresponds to a new phage cocktail comprising bacteriophages of the order Caudovirales, which have lithic activity against different strains Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Paratyphi B.
- Said cocktail can be used for industrial application and, It is administered by liquid means such as sprays, buffers or water, and solids such as powder or pearls.
- Said cocktail comprises phages from a collection of phages characterized and selected for their effectiveness and their absence of virulence or toxicity genes.
- FIGURE 1 PFGE of the 6 phages of the invention, cpSan13, cpSan14, cpSan15, cpSan23, cpSan24 and cpSan25
- FIGURE 2 Transmission electron microscopy of a phage [00025].
- FIGURE 3 Efficiency in bacterial reduction of bacteriophage cocktail
- FIGURE 4 Efficiency by burst size example of the best phage
- the present invention relates to a new bacteriophage cocktail with specific lithic activity against Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Paratyphi B., for its reduction, elimination and / or prevention in farm animals, poultry and eggs. [00028].
- the new cocktail consists of bacteriophages selected from a collection of phages, all belonging to the order Caudovirales.
- the present invention discloses bacteriophage compositions comprising excipients and 6 phages, hereinafter referred to as cpSan13, cpSan14, cpSan15, cpSan23, cpSan24, and cpSan25, which comprise the SEQ sequences. ID No.13, SEQ. ID No.14, SEQ. ID No.15, SEQ. ID No.23, SEQ. ID No.24 and SEQ. ID No. 25, respectively.
- genomes are free of toxicity and virulence genes, which makes them ideal for industrial application by being safe for the animal that consumes them and for the human that consumes poultry products.
- the phage cocktail makes it possible to counteract bacterial resistance unlike antibiotics and disinfectants. From the above, the phages that make up the cocktail, can be replaced by any of the phages of the collection when necessary in this way minimize the risk of resistance being generated.
- the excipients that accompany the phage cocktail within the composition are selected from a solvent or a buffer.
- a solvent or a buffer For example it is a solution composed of 5.8g NaCL, 5ml 2% gelatin, 50ml 1M Tris-HCI, pH 7.5, 1.2g MgS04 7H20 (Kutter & Sulakvelidze, 2005).
- the size of phage genomes usually varies between 30 and 180 kb.
- the new bacteriophage cocktail or composition comprises the phages: cpSan13 with a genome size of 170 Kb, cpSan14 with a genome size of 170 Kb, cpSan15 with a genome size of 159.3 Kb, cpSan25 with a genome size of 86.7 Kb, cpSan23 with a genome size of 90 Kb and cpSan24 with a genome size 90 Kb, and an additional component, such as an excipient that is selected from a solvent or buffer.
- Its administration can be given by liquid means such as sprays, buffers, or water, and solids such as powder or pearls to be administered in the food.
- One embodiment of the invention is the use of the bacteriophage composition cpSan13, cpSan14, cpSan15, cpSan23, cpSan24, and cpSan25 for the control of Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Paratyphi B, on surfaces, facilities, equipment and machinery that are found on animal farms, especially poultry farms.
- Another embodiment of the invention is the use of the bacteriophage composition cpSan13, cpSan14, cpSan15, cpSan23, cpSan24, and cpSan25 for the control and / or elimination of Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Paratyphi B, in farm animals, birds of corral, eggs and processed foods and their packaging.
- the bacteriophage composition cpSan13, cpSan14, cpSan15, cpSan23, cpSan24, or cpSan25 for the prevention of Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Paratyphi B, is used in farm animals, poultry, eggs and processed foods and their packaging.
- An embodiment of the invention also comprises a bacteriophage composition cpSan13, cpSan14, cpSan15, cpSan23, cpSan24, and cpSan25 in a dose of 10 7-10 9 PFU / ml_
- another embodiment of the invention corresponds to a liquid or solid food supplement comprising a bacteriophage composition comprising between one and six bacteriophages selected from the set cpSan13, cpSan14, cpSan15, cpSan23, cpSan24, and cpSan25.
- another embodiment of the invention corresponds to a disinfectant comprising a bacteriophage composition comprising between one and six bacteriophages selected from the set cpSan13, cpSan14, cpSan15, cpSan23, cpSan24, and cpSan25.
- the bacteriophage composition for the prevention, elimination and / or reduction of infections and contaminations caused by Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Paratyphi B is characterized in that it comprises at least 1 of the 6 lytic phages against Salmonella, cpSan13, cpSan14, cpSan15, cpSan23, cpSan24, or cpSan25; or between 1 and 6 phages selected from the set cpSan13, cpSan14, cpSan15, cpSan23, cpSan24, and cpSan25.
- the bacteriophage cocktail for the prevention, elimination and / or reduction of infections and contaminations caused by Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Paratyphi B is characterized in that it comprises at least 2 of the 6 lytic phages against Salmonella, cpSan13, cpSan14, cpSan15, cpSan23, cpSan24, or cpSan25; or between 2 and 6 phages selected from the set cpSan13, cpSan14, cpSan15, cpSan23, cpSan24, and cpSan25.
- the bacteriophage composition for the prevention, elimination and / or reduction of infections and contaminations caused by Salmonella Enteritidis,
- Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Paratyphi B is characterized in that it comprises at least 3 of the 6 lithic phages against Salmonella, cpSan13, cpSan14, cpSan15, cpSan23, cpSan24, or cpSan25; or between 3 and 6 phages selected from the set cpSan13, cpSan14, cpSan15, cpSan23, cpSan24, and cpSan25.
- the bacteriophage composition for the prevention, elimination and / or reduction of infections and contaminations caused by Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Paratyphi B is characterized in that it comprises at least 4 of the 6 lytic phages against Salmonella, cpSan13, cpSan14, cpSan15, cpSan23, cpSan24, or cpSan25; or between 4 and 6 phages selected from the set cpSan13, cpSan14, cpSan15, cpSan23, cpSan24, and cpSan25.
- the bacteriophage cocktail for the prevention, elimination and / or reduction of infections and contaminations caused by Salmonella Enteritidis,
- Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Paratyphi B is characterized in that it comprises the 6 lithic phages against Salmonella, cpSan13, cpSan14, cpSan15, cpSan23, cpSan24, or cpSan25.
- the present bacteriophage composition for the prevention of elimination and / or reduction of infections and contaminations may also comprise additional phages selected from the order Caudoviral, which have lithic activity against different strains Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Paratyphi B.
- the phage composition comprises only phages selected from the set cpSan13, cpSan14, cpSan15, cpSan23, cpSan24, and cpSan25
- composition is characterized in that each phage is in equal proportion. [00056]. Likewise, in another embodiment of the invention, the composition is characterized in that each phage is in a different proportion. [00057].
- Table 1 is presented below, which contains the particular characteristics of each of the phages of interest, which allow their specific differentiation with respect to all the different types of phages that can be found.
- infection rate calculated by dividing the number of Salmonella strains that the phage infects, over the total number of strains evaluated.
- plaque efficiency index it is calculated by dividing the number of Salmonella strains that the phage infects with an EOP_> 1, over the number of strains evaluated that the phage infects, regardless of the EOP.
- EOP Platelet efficiency
- the phage genome size was determined by electrophoresis pulsed field (PFGE), based on the Evergreen Phage Lab protocol (Olympia, WA) of 2009. The phages were brought to a concentration of 10 9 pfu / ml. Then, agarose plugs were made which contained 400ul of the phage suspension and 400ul of 1% agarose (w / v) (Ultra Puree DNA Grade Agarose: BioRad # 162-0137) in 0.5% TBE buffer . After a lysis with proteinase K (Promega), at a final concentration of 0.1 mg / ml, lysis buffers were performed. The PFGE run conditions were as follows: 6 volts, 15h, 2 sec of initial change and 10 sec of final change. The gel was stained with geIRed (Biotium) 3X and visualized in the GelDoc System (BioRad).
- PFGE electrophoresis pulsed field
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- MOI multiplicity of infection
- Salmonella Enteritidis reductions of 3, 12 were obtained; 4.3;
- One-step curves were made for each phage cpSan23, cpSan24, cpSan25, cpSan15, and then calculate the burst size.
- MOI multiplicity of infection
- a plate forming unit count (PFU / ml) was made and the following parameters were determined: the population growth rate of the phages (fitness), the number of progeny released (burst size), and the period of latency and eclipse based on non-adsorbed phages and centers of infection from treatment with chloroform and, on the other hand, the number of non-adsorbed phages from treatment without chloroform (Wang. et al. 2006).
- the burst s / ' ze is an essential parameter that allows determining the degree of phage efficiency, where the higher the value, the more efficient it will be.
- phage cpSan23, cpSan24, cpSan25, cpSan15, of the invention all have a high s / ' ze burst value, where for a phage infection cycle, it can generate a progeny of 165 and 200 ( Figure 4); 81, 6 and 120, respectively.
- Figure 4 The results show us that with these efficiency values in burst s / ' ze, the phages of this invention are excellent candidates for the described application.
- results obtained show that all phages are infective at each time. Controls where only chlorinated water was seeded showed no inhibition of bacterial growth.
- the symbol (+) represents infection of the bacterium by the phage.
- the results were accompanied by a description of phage plaque morphology for each trial performed. With the reading of the results, changes in plaque morphology were observed at different times.
- Phage 5 mirt 15 min 30 min 1 hour 2 hours 24 hours cpSan23 + + + + + + + + + cpSan24 + + + + + + + cpSan25 + + + + + + + + cpSan15 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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US15/779,371 US10576114B2 (en) | 2015-11-25 | 2016-11-21 | Composition comprising bacteriophages for reducing, eliminating and/or preventing Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella paratyphi B |
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US6322783B1 (en) | 1996-08-26 | 2001-11-27 | Seishi Takahashi | Bacteriophages, method for screening same and bactericidal compositions using same, and detection kits using same |
CA2381755A1 (en) | 1999-08-26 | 2001-03-01 | Vion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Compositions and methods for delivery of an agent using attenuated salmonella containing phage |
WO2005027829A2 (en) | 2003-09-03 | 2005-03-31 | Intralytix, Inc. | Method for vaccination of poultry by bacteriophage lysate |
CA2586299C (en) | 2004-11-01 | 2014-10-28 | James W. Stave | Method for detecting or enriching a target microorganism upon lysis of non-target bacteria with bacteriophage |
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