WO2017088712A1 - 一种平面动圈复合式振膜组件 - Google Patents

一种平面动圈复合式振膜组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017088712A1
WO2017088712A1 PCT/CN2016/106621 CN2016106621W WO2017088712A1 WO 2017088712 A1 WO2017088712 A1 WO 2017088712A1 CN 2016106621 W CN2016106621 W CN 2016106621W WO 2017088712 A1 WO2017088712 A1 WO 2017088712A1
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Prior art keywords
diaphragm
coil
magnet
circular
moving coil
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PCT/CN2016/106621
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English (en)
French (fr)
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许扬
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许扬
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Publication of WO2017088712A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017088712A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/12—Non-planar diaphragms or cones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of earphones, in particular to a planar moving coil composite diaphragm module.
  • the dynamic sound unit is simple in its preparation and low cost. As well as the main features such as high driving efficiency, it is the main sounding component used in most of the earphones and speakers.
  • the diaphragm of the moving coil sounding unit is subjected to the force of the diaphragm surface due to the material and working principle of the diaphragm during operation. Uneven, inevitably, the phenomenon of splitting vibration will occur, and the vibration will be folded inward. This kind of vibration will cancel out the normal outward vibration, which will affect the loudness of the sound and the smoothness of the frequency response curve, and the split vibration. Distortion is also generated, which can cause distortion of the sound and introduce noise.
  • the dynamic earphones are fully open, semi-open and closed. The first two are due to the left and right mutual feedback and the contact with the outside air, so the sense of direction, space, sound field and sound naturalness of the sound and The degree of reduction will be better, while the latter's low frequency dive and transient are relatively better.
  • the flat diaphragm earphone can make the vibration of the diaphragm uniform and avoid the split vibration.
  • the diaphragm can be made very large, and its high-frequency smooth extension is natural, the low-frequency dive is in place, but the high frequency is not bright enough.
  • the dynamics, sound field, sound dynamics, momentum, sensitivity, etc. are slightly insufficient compared to the same dynamic coil.
  • the driving efficiency is far less than that of the moving diaphragm. It is more difficult to drive the planar array than to drive the same level moving coil. Larger, the need for a very good and expensive desktop amp, also directly lead to the large portable headphones generally do not use a flat diaphragm which is relatively more difficult to drive the sound unit.
  • the present invention provides a planar moving coil composite diaphragm module, which can cooperate with a planar diaphragm and a moving coil diaphragm to increase the force of the diaphragm to generate greater displacement and more. Quick rebound, better sound pressure level, resolution and transients, and easier drive, enabling portable flat diaphragm headphones.
  • a planar moving coil composite diaphragm assembly comprises a moving coil magnet, a diaphragm and a second guiding coil.
  • the center of the diaphragm is provided with a moving coil magnet, and the moving coil magnet is circumferentially wound with a plurality of turns to form a second guiding coil.
  • the second guiding coil is fixed on the diaphragm, and further comprising: a first guiding coil attached to the diaphragm around the moving coil magnet, the first guiding coil being composed of at least two sets of circular wires, each The circular toroidal wire is composed of a plurality of turns of wires, and the adjacent two sets of circularly-shaped wires are separated by a certain distance to form a circular annular gap, and the annular ring is provided with a corresponding ring magnet, and the polarity direction of the ring magnet is Vertically opposite to the circular surface of the ring magnet, the polarity of the adjacent ring magnets is opposite, and the ring magnet is disposed on one side or both sides of the diaphragm.
  • the first lead coil is energized, there are many in each set of circular wires.
  • the direction of the coil wire current is the same, and the current directions of the adjacent two sets of circular wires are opposite.
  • the size and diameter of the ring magnet and the width and diameter of the annular gap should correspond.
  • the central portion of the diaphragm is arranged with a toroidal coil or is designed as a dome structure.
  • the ring magnets are opposite in polarity when disposed on both sides of the diaphragm.
  • the diaphragm holder, the magnet holder, the moving coil magnet and the ring magnet are fixed on both sides of the diaphragm through the magnet holder, and the diaphragm holder is connected with the magnet holder to support the entire assembly.
  • the invention combines two traditional sounding diaphragm modes, so that the plane diaphragm and the moving coil diaphragm work together, and the plane diaphragm is used to overcome the split vibration phenomenon when the moving coil diaphragm works, to avoid sound soundness and smoothness.
  • the negative effects and distortion of the sound and better high frequency extension can also make the diaphragm area bigger, provide higher sound density, and make the moving diaphragm in the fully open, semi-open cavity
  • the surface vibration is compensated by the high driving efficiency and high sensitivity of the moving coil.
  • the membrane is difficult to drive, the high frequency is not bright enough, the resolving power, the sound field, the sound dynamics and the shortcomings of the momentum are relatively insufficient.
  • the two working modes complement each other to increase the force of the diaphragm to produce greater displacement and more rapid rebound. Sound pressure level, resolution and transients, and easier to drive than any single diaphragm vibration method, can achieve the purpose of portable flat diaphragm headphones.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic exploded view showing one of the directions of the planar moving coil composite diaphragm assembly of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic exploded view showing the other direction of the planar moving coil composite diaphragm assembly of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of coils on the diaphragm of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a layout structure of a coil on a diaphragm according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 (a) is a schematic view showing the arrangement of a circular ring magnet on one side of the diaphragm of the embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 (b) is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the ring-shaped magnet on the other side of the diaphragm
  • FIG. 6(a) is a schematic view showing the arrangement structure of a circular ring magnet on the side of the diaphragm according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6(b) is a schematic view showing the arrangement structure of the ring-shaped magnet on the other side of the diaphragm;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a circuit in which two guide coils are serially switched in the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a simplified model of an acoustic cavity formed by wearing a headset on a human ear, wherein FIG. 8(a) is a closed cavity, and FIG. 8(b) is an open cavity;
  • Figure 9 is a simplified view of the structure and current cross section of the diaphragm of the present invention in operation.
  • 1 diaphragm holder
  • 2 magnet holder
  • 3 ring magnet
  • 4 dynamic coil magnet
  • 5-diaphragm 6
  • 7 second guide coil
  • 8 diaphragm
  • 9 eyephone case
  • 10 human ear
  • 11 ear pad
  • 61 first guide coil input and output end
  • 71 second guide coil input and output end.
  • the planar moving coil composite diaphragm assembly of the present invention includes a diaphragm branch.
  • the diaphragm 5 can be a lightweight tough film, and the diaphragm 5 is provided with a moving coil magnet 4, and the moving coil magnet 4 is circumferentially wound with a plurality of turns to form a second guiding coil 7, and the diameter of the second guiding coil 7 It is slightly larger than the diameter of the moving coil magnet 4 so that it can be well stressed and vibrated.
  • the diaphragm 5 is also wound with a first conductive coil 6 surrounding the moving coil magnet 4.
  • the first conductive coil 6 can be attached to the diaphragm 5 by printing or the like.
  • the first guiding coil 6 is composed of at least two sets of circular wires, each set of circular wires is composed of a plurality of turns of wires, and adjacent two sets of circular wires are separated by a certain distance to form a circular annular gap.
  • a corresponding ring magnet 3 is arranged on the annular gap (as shown in Fig. 5(a)), and the size and diameter of the ring magnet 3 and the width and diameter of the annular gap should be matched for energizing the first lead coil 6.
  • the current direction of the multi-turn wires in each set of the circular wire is the same when the diaphragm is energized, and the current directions of the adjacent two circular wires are opposite.
  • the number of the ring magnets 3 is the same as the number of the gaps, and the polarity direction thereof is perpendicular to the circular surface of the ring magnet 3, and the polarity of the adjacent ring magnets 3 is opposite. It is also possible to provide the ring magnet 3 on the other side of the diaphragm 5 corresponding to the annular gap (as shown in Fig. 5(b)), and the polarities of the ring magnets 3 corresponding to the two sides of the diaphragm 5 are opposite.
  • the ring magnets 3 are arranged too much, although the diaphragm works normally, it may cause excessive weight. In actual operation, the interaction between the magnets may cause difficulty in placement, so it may be arranged at a staggered interval (as shown in Fig. 6(a) and Fig. 6). (b) shown).
  • the center of the diaphragm 5 can be arranged with a toroidal coil (as shown in Figure 4) or with a conventional dome design (as shown in Figure 3).
  • the dome design in the middle of the diaphragm 5 can reduce the splitting vibration, and the circular coil can be arranged instead of the dome design, and the central part can also achieve the purpose of uniform force to avoid splitting vibration.
  • the number of circuit layers of the first conductive coil 6 of the diaphragm 5 is not fixed, and can be adjusted according to the layout of the entire diaphragm 5 and the area of the center dome, and can also be surrounded by the second conductive coil 7 without using the dome design.
  • the circular diaphragm is continuously added to the internal diaphragm, so that the inside also has the ability to avoid splitting vibration.
  • the two ends of the first guiding coil 6 are the first guiding coil input and output end 61, and the second wire
  • the two end ends of the ring 7 are the second conductive coil input and output terminals 71 (as shown in FIG. 3).
  • the first conductive coil 6 and the second conductive coil 7 may be connected in parallel or in series, or a switching device may be used to achieve the purpose of flexibly regulating the two lines in series or in parallel, as shown in FIG. In the circuit shown in Fig. 7, the switch hits the first gear, and the first pilot coil 6 and the second pilot coil 7 are connected in series.
  • the current flowing through the entire circuit is the same, and the entire diaphragm will work under the minimum distortion state, suitable for When the front end thrust is large, the switch hits the second gear, and the first guide coil 6 and the second guide coil 7 are connected in parallel, which is suitable for the case where the front end thrust is small.
  • the combination of the two driving modes enables the diaphragm to perform better in terms of transients.
  • the two lines can be connected in parallel or in series.
  • the former parallel
  • the two working modes have satisfactory performance when the front-end thrust is sufficient, and the series mode has the same current flowing in the toroidal circuit and the moving coil circuit. , so there will be better performance and less distortion.
  • the two connection methods can easily adjust the resistance of the entire sounding device, so that the device can adapt to a wider variety of front ends, because the structure is the same in a single plane diaphragm or moving diaphragm.
  • the moving coil magnet 4 is located at the center of the diaphragm 5, the second guiding coil 7 is wound around the moving coil magnet 4, and the first guiding coil 6 is wound around the surface of the diaphragm 5, the moving coil magnet 4 and the ring magnet 3
  • the magnet holder 2 is fixed to both sides of the diaphragm 5, and the diaphragm holder 1 and the magnet holder 2 are connected to each other to support the entire assembly.
  • the invention combines two traditional sounding diaphragm modes, so that the plane diaphragm and the moving coil diaphragm work together, and the plane diaphragm is used to overcome the split vibration phenomenon when the moving coil diaphragm works, to avoid sound soundness and smoothness.
  • the negative effects and distortion of the sound and better high frequency extension can also make the diaphragm area bigger, provide higher sound density, and make the moving diaphragm in the fully open, semi-open cavity Under the premise of the advantage, there is also an excellent low-frequency dive.
  • the high-driving efficiency and high sensitivity of the moving coil make up for the difficulty of driving the planar diaphragm, the high-frequency is not bright enough, and the dynamics and momentum of the resolving power, sound field and sound are relatively insufficient.
  • the shortcomings of the two working methods complement each other to increase the force of the diaphragm to produce greater displacement and more rapid rebound, providing better sound pressure than any single diaphragm vibration method. Level, resolution and transient, and easier to drive, can achieve the purpose of portable flat diaphragm headphones.
  • FIG. 8 is a simplified model of an acoustic cavity formed by wearing a headset on a human ear, wherein the diaphragm 8, the earphone housing 9, the human ear 10 and the ear pad 11 integrally form a closed cavity A, which may be studied according to previous studies. Simplify it into a pressure chamber model.
  • the sound pressure level formula in the pressure chamber model is:
  • p is the sound pressure level at a certain frequency
  • the unit is decibel
  • c is an acoustic constant
  • x is the displacement of the diaphragm at a certain frequency
  • f is the diaphragm operating frequency.
  • the direction of the current of each section of the wire can be determined by the direction of the wire when the diaphragm is manufactured, so that the current direction can be easily realized, and the magnet is placed according to the above arrangement during assembly. If you place them in the direction or reverse all the directions of the magnets at the same time, all the directions of the forces will remain the same.
  • the ideal diaphragm should have the characteristics of light weight, strong toughness and high rigidity, the light weight will make the diaphragm more sensitive and the resolution is higher.
  • the toughness can make the diaphragm more durable and the low frequency is better, and the rigidity is not easy. Fine deformation occurs, which has a better inhibitory effect on splitting vibration.
  • the above characteristics are often contradictory.
  • the materials with light weight and toughness are not high in rigidity, and the high rigidity is bound to increase the thickness of the diaphragm, which causes the diaphragm to become heavier and lower the sensitivity and resolution.
  • the resulting diaphragm is The above several contradictions reconcile the results.
  • the traditional dynamic sounding method requires that the diaphragm should not be too thin or the rigidity is not enough.
  • the plane diaphragm is more uniform due to its different working modes, so the diaphragm can be relatively Thinner and lighter, but the planar diaphragm drive efficiency is not high, the coil arrangement has no moving coil line tight, and the magnetic sense line density is not enough, so it is often better than the moving coil diaphragm to work better.
  • planar moving coil diaphragm designed by the present invention has a vibration structure of a planar diaphragm, the diaphragm can be made thin while still effectively avoiding splitting vibration.
  • the relatively light diaphragm (influencing the sensitivity) and the greater force described above make the diaphragm displacement of the planar moving coil composite diaphragm and the acceleration of the diaphragm (affecting the transient response) more than the plane diaphragm and dynamic coil vibration.
  • the membranes are larger, helping to improve sound pressure levels, low frequency dive, high frequency extension, sensitivity and transient response while still keeping distortion very low, and making it easier to make larger diaphragms, even Increasing the drive current and further increasing the volume can also effectively suppress the generation of distortion.
  • the second guiding coil 7 is a moving coil and the diaphragm is still circular, it has the advantages of a moving diaphragm (high-frequency brightness, resolution, sound field, sound dynamics, momentum, sensitivity, and flat diaphragm) Better) At the same time, the distortion suppression is better.
  • the whole diaphragm is only subjected to the traction force of the automatic coil, the circular traction force will inevitably lead to distortion of the diaphragm, increase the driving current and increase the volume, and the overall force of the diaphragm is greater due to the diaphragm force.
  • the point is constant, so the distortion will also increase, and increasing the thickness of the diaphragm and increasing the rigidity will decrease the sensitivity and resolution of the diaphragm.
  • the two guide coils are connected in parallel, and even if the front end output current is not large enough, the first guide coil 6 can ensure that the diaphragm is uniformly divided and the vibration is effectively suppressed.
  • the entire diaphragm is mainly subjected to the action of the moving coil magnet 4 acting on the second conducting coil 7, since the diaphragm is lighter than the ordinary moving coil diaphragm, the second guiding coil 7 receives the force and the ring magnet 3
  • the smaller force of the first conducting coil 3 makes it more sensitive and resolving and lower distortion than conventional moving coil sounding units.
  • the two lead coils can be connected in series or in parallel at this time.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)

Abstract

一种平面动圈复合式振膜组件，包括振膜（5）、在所述振膜（5）上呈圆环形排布的的第一导线圈（6），振膜（5）上固定有第二导线圈（7），第二导线圈（7）所成圆的圆心与第一导线圈（6）所成圆环同心，同时在对应位置设置相应的动圈磁铁（4），所述第一导线圈（6）由至少两组圆环形导线组成，每组圆环形导线由多圈导线组成，相邻两组圆环形导线之间间隔一定距离形成圆环形间隙，所述圆环形间隙上设置相应的环形磁铁（3），环形磁铁（3）的极性方向应垂直于环形磁铁（3）的所在圆面，相邻环形磁铁（3）的极性方向相反，环形磁铁（3）设在振膜（5）的一侧或两侧对应设置。该平面动圈复合式振膜组件结合传统的平面式振动方式和动圈式振动方式，让二者协同工作，使振膜受力更均匀，抑制分割震动，提供更好的音质。

Description

一种平面动圈复合式振膜组件 技术领域
本发明涉及耳机技术领域，具体是一种平面动圈复合式振膜组件。
背景技术
音乐作为一种艺术的主要表现形式，是人们生活中所离不开的，欣赏音乐需要一个好的器材才能达到更好的效果，动圈式发声单元以其简单的制备方法和较低的成本以及较高的驱动效率等主要特点而成为目前绝大多数耳机和扬声器都采用的主要的发声部件，但是动圈式发声单元振膜在工作时由于振膜材质和工作原理导致振膜表面受力不均，不可避免的会出现分割震动的现象，发生向内折的振动，此种震动会与正常的向外震动发声相抵消，从而影响声音的响度及频响曲线的平滑程度，而且分割震动还会产生失真，失真则会导致声音出现畸变，引入杂音。
动圈振膜越大，其振膜推动的空气面积越大，能够得到更高的声压级和更好的声音密度，但是必须以有效抑制分割震动为前提，否则声音会非常混乱，极大地影响音质。动圈耳机有全开放式、半开放式和封闭式之分，前两种由于有左右互馈现象以及与外界空气的接触，所以其声音的方向感、空间感、声场及声音的自然度及还原度均会有更好的表现，而后者的低频下潜及瞬态则相对更优秀。
平面振膜耳机由于其工作原理使得振膜震动时受力均匀从而可以避免分割震动，其振膜可以做得很大，且其高频顺滑延伸自然，低频下潜到位，但是高频不够明亮，解析力、声场、声音的动态、气势、灵敏度等相比同等级动圈则略显不足，其驱动效率远不如动圈振膜，想要驱动好平面阵膜比驱动同等级动圈式发声单元难度更大，需要十分优秀而昂贵的台式耳放，也直接导致便携大耳机普遍不采用平面振膜这种相对更难驱动的发声单元。
发明内容
针对现有技术的上述不足，本发明提供一种平面动圈复合式振膜组件，可让平面振膜和动圈式振膜协同工作，加大振膜受力使其产生更大位移及更迅速的回弹，提供更好的声压级、解析力与瞬态，并且更易于驱动，能够实现便携式平面振膜耳机的目的。
一种平面动圈复合式振膜组件，包括动圈磁铁、振膜、第二导线圈，振膜的中心设有动圈磁铁，动圈磁铁周向绕设多圈导线形成第二导线圈，第二导线圈固定在振膜上，其特征在于：还包括围绕动圈磁铁附着在所述振膜上的第一导线圈，所述第一导线圈由至少两组圆环形导线组成，每组圆环形导线由多圈导线组成，相邻两组圆环形导线之间间隔一定距离形成圆环形间隙，所述圆环形间隙上设置相应的环形磁铁，环形磁铁的极性方向应垂直于环形磁铁的所在圆面，相邻环形磁铁的极性方向相反，环形磁铁设在振膜的一侧或两侧对应设置，第一导线圈通电工作时每组圆环形导线内的多圈导线电流方向相同，相邻两组圆环形导线电流方向相反。
进一步的，环形磁铁大小和直径和圆环形间隙的宽度以及直径应相对应。
进一步的，振膜中心部位布置圆环形线圈或设计为穹顶结构。
进一步的，环形磁铁在振膜两侧设置时极性方向相反。
进一步的，还包括振膜支架、磁铁固定架，动圈磁铁和环形磁铁通过磁铁固定架固定在振膜两侧，振膜支架与磁铁固定架相连接实现对整个组件的支撑。
本发明结合了两种传统的发声振膜方式，让平面振膜和动圈式振膜协同工作，利用平面振膜克服动圈式振膜工作时的分割震动现象，避免声音响度，平滑程度方面的负面影响和声音的失真并且得到更好的高频延伸，还可以将振膜面积做得更大，提供更高的声音密度，同时使得动圈式振膜在全开放，半开放的腔体优势前提下还能有优秀的低频下潜，另一方面则通过动圈的高驱动效率和高灵敏度弥补平面振 膜难以驱动，高频不够亮，解析力，声场，声音的动态及气势相对不足的缺点，两种工作方式相辅相成能够加大振膜受力使其产生更大位移及更迅速的回弹，提供比任何单独一种振膜震动方式都更好的声压级，解析力与瞬态，并且更易于驱动，能够实现便携式平面振膜耳机的目的。
附图说明
图1是本发明平面动圈复合式振膜组件其中一个方向的分解结构示意图；
图2是本发明平面动圈复合式振膜组件另一个方向的分解结构示意图；
图3是本发明其中一个实施例振膜上线圈的布设结构示意图；
图4是本发明另一个实施例振膜上线圈的布设结构示意图；
图5(a)是本发明其中一个实施例振膜一侧圆环形磁体的布设结构示意图，图5(b)是振膜另一侧圆环形磁体的布设结构示意图；
图6(a)是本发明另一个实施例振膜一侧圆环形磁体的布设结构示意图，图6(b)是振膜另一侧圆环形磁体的布设结构示意图；
图7是本发明中两个导线圈串并切换的电路结构示意图；
图8是人耳戴上头戴式耳机后构成的声学腔体简化模型，其中图8(a)为封闭式腔体，图8(b)为开放式腔体；
图9是本发明振膜工作时的结构和电流截面简化图。
图中：1—振膜支架，2—磁铁固定架，3—环形磁铁，4—动圈磁铁，5—振膜，6—第一导线圈，7—第二导线圈，8—振膜，9—耳机外壳，10—人耳，11—耳垫，61—第一导线圈输入输出端，71—第二导线圈输入输出端。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明中的附图，对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
请参考图1及图2，本发明平面动圈复合式振膜组件包括振膜支 架1、磁铁固定架2、环形磁铁3、动圈磁铁4、振膜5、第一导线圈6和第二导线圈7。
所述振膜5可为一轻质坚韧薄膜，振膜5的中心设有动圈磁铁4，动圈磁铁4周向绕设多圈导线形成第二导线圈7，第二导线圈7的直径略大于动圈磁铁4的直径以使其能够很好的受力并震动。所述振膜5上还绕制有围绕动圈磁铁4的第一导线圈6，第一导线圈6可通过印刷等其他方式附着在振膜5上。所述第一导线圈6由至少两组圆环形导线组成，每组圆环形导线由多圈导线组成，相邻两组圆环形导线之间间隔一定距离形成圆环形间隙，所述圆环形间隙上设置相应的环形磁铁3(如图5(a)所示)，环形磁铁3大小和直径和圆环形间隙的宽度以及直径应相匹配，用于在第一导线圈6通电时给振膜5施加磁力作用，从而驱动振膜5震动发声。
设置第一导线圈6时应保证振膜通电工作时每组圆环形导线内的多圈导线电流方向相同，相邻两组圆环形导线电流方向相反。
环形磁铁3的个数与间隙数相同，其极性方向应垂直于环形磁铁3的所在圆面，相邻环形磁铁3的极性方向相反。也可在振膜5的另一侧对应圆环形间隙设置环形磁铁3(如图5(b)所示)，振膜5两侧相对应的环形磁铁3的极性方向相反。环形磁铁3排列过多时，虽然对振膜正常工作有利但是会导致重量过重，实际操作时磁铁间相互作用也会导致安放困难，故也可以错开间隔排列(如图6(a)和图6(b)所示)。
振膜5中心部位可以布置圆环形线圈(如图4所示)或采用传统的穹顶设计(如图3所示)。振膜5中间的穹顶设计能够减轻分割震动，而还可以布置圆环形线圈取代穹顶设计，则中心部位同样能够达到均匀受力避免分割震动的目的。振膜5的第一导线圈6的电路层数不固定，可以根据整个振膜5的布局以及中心穹顶的面积进行调整，同时也可以不使用穹顶设计转而在第二导线圈7所围绕的内部振膜上继续附加圆环形电路，使得内部同样有避免分割震动的能力。
第一导线圈6的两尾端为第一导线圈输入输出端61，第二导线 圈7的两尾端为第二导线圈输入输出端71(如图3所示)。第一导线圈6和第二导线圈7可通过并联或串联的方式连接，也可使用一个开关装置来达到灵活调控两个线路串联或并联的目的，如图7所示。在图7所示电路中，开关打到1档，第一导线圈6和第二导线圈7串联，此时整个电路上流经电流相同，整个振膜将会工作在最小的失真状态下，适合前端推力较大的情况，开关打到2档，第一导线圈6和第二导线圈7并联，适合前端推力较小的情况。
两种驱动方式结合能够使得振膜在瞬态方面有更好的表现，在线路布置方面，两个线路能够以并联或串联的方式连接，前者(并联)尤其适合前端推力不足的情况，能够在前端能力不足的情况下依然有较好的表现，两种工作方式在前端推力足够的情况下都会有令人满意的表现，而串联方式由于在圆环形电路及动圈电路中流过的电流相同，所以会有更好的表现以及更小的失真。与此同时，两种连接方式还能够方便的调节整个发声装置的电阻，令装置能够适应更多种类的前端，相对于单一的平面振膜或动圈振膜而言，由于此结构在同一个振膜上附有两个驱动电路，故其驱动难度更小。
在组装时，动圈磁铁4位于振膜5中心部位，第二导线圈7绕设在动圈磁铁4上，第一导线圈6绕设在振膜5表面，动圈磁铁4和环形磁铁3通过磁铁固定架2固定在振膜5两侧，振膜支架1与磁铁固定架2相互连接实现对整个组件的支撑。
本发明结合了两种传统的发声振膜方式，让平面振膜和动圈式振膜协同工作，利用平面振膜克服动圈式振膜工作时的分割震动现象，避免声音响度，平滑程度方面的负面影响和声音的失真并且得到更好的高频延伸，还可以将振膜面积做得更大，提供更高的声音密度，同时使得动圈式振膜在全开放，半开放的腔体优势前提下还能有优秀的低频下潜，另一方面则通过动圈的高驱动效率和高灵敏度弥补平面振膜难以驱动，高频不够亮，解析力、声场、声音的动态及气势相对不足的缺点，两种工作方式相辅相成能够加大振膜受力使其产生更大位移及更迅速的回弹，提供比任何单独一种振膜震动方式都更好的声压 级，解析力与瞬态，并且更易于驱动，能够实现便携式平面振膜耳机的目的。
图8为人耳戴上头戴式耳机后构成的声学腔体简化模型，其中振膜8、耳机外壳9、人耳10和耳垫11整体构成了一个封闭的腔体A，根据前人研究可以将之简化为一个压力室(pressure chamber)模型。
压力室模型中声压级公式为：
p＝c×x×fn          (1)
压力室模型及公式引用自“C.A.Poldy.Tutorial AES 120,Paris,May 2006-Headphone fundamentals”。
上式中p为某一频率下的声压级单位为分贝，c为一声学常数，x为振膜在某一频率下的位移，f为振膜工作频率，当腔体封闭几乎无泄漏时n＝0，当腔体有泄漏的情况时n＝1，当腔体泄露严重或类似音箱工作时n＝2。头戴式耳机在工作时整体构成了一个封闭的腔体，声压级仅正比于振膜位移，故振膜位移增大将会有助于提升声压级。
图9为本发明振膜工作时的结构和电流截面简化图，工作时各段导线电流方向可以由振膜制造时布置导线的方向决定，故可轻易实现上述电流方向，组装时按照上述磁铁摆放方向摆放或同时颠倒所有磁铁方向，则其所有受力方向仍能保持一致。
设某瞬间导线圈电流方向如图9，“.”表示电流方向垂直纸面向外，“x”表示电流方向垂直纸面向内，由右手定则可以判断1，2，3，4，5这五处的磁感线方向，用虚线表示，根据同极相斥，异极相吸的基本原理，可以判断这五处振膜均受到向下的作用力，用实线表示。
上述分析可知，由于环形磁铁3对于第一导线圈6的作用力，和动圈磁铁4对第二导线圈7的作用力均最终都施加到了振膜5上，两力方向相同，所以平面动圈振膜工作时其受力比平面振膜或动圈振膜都要大。
又由于理想振膜应具有质轻，韧性强，刚度高的特点，质轻则会使振膜更灵敏解析度更高，韧性强可以使振膜更耐用且低频延展更好，刚度高则不易发生细微形变，对于分割震动有更好的抑制作用， 但是上述几个特点往往相互矛盾，一般质轻且韧性强的材料其刚度不高，刚度较高又势必会增大振膜厚度导致振膜变重降低灵敏度和解析力，最后得到的振膜是上述几种矛盾互相调和结果。
而使用相同材质的振膜制造发声单元时，传统的动圈发声方式要求振膜不能太薄否则刚性不够，平面振膜则由于其工作方式不同，振膜受力更均匀，故振膜相对可以更薄更轻，但是平面振膜驱动效率不高，线圈排布没有动圈线紧密，其磁感线密度不够所以往往比动圈振膜需要更大电流才可较好的工作。
而本发明设计的平面动圈式振膜由于其具有平面振膜的震动结构，故其振膜可以做得很薄的同时仍然能够有效避免分割震动。
相对较轻的振膜(影响灵敏度)和前文所述更大的作用力，使得平面动圈复合振膜的振膜位移和振膜的加速度(影响瞬态响应)比平面振膜和动圈振膜都更大，在有助于提高声压级，低频下潜，高频延展，灵敏度和瞬态响应的同时仍然使失真保持极低，而且可以很容易就做出更大的振膜，即使提高驱动电流进一步增大音量也可以有效抑制失真的产生。同时由于其第二导线圈7为动圈，且振膜仍为圆形，因此其具有动圈振膜的优点(高频明亮，解析力、声场、声音的动态、气势、灵敏度较平面振膜更好)的同时失真抑制方面更为优秀。
动圈耳机由于整个振膜只受到来自动圈线圈的牵引力，此圆环型牵引力势必会导致振膜失真，加大驱动电流提高音量的同时，振膜整体受力更大又由于振膜受力点不变，因此失真也会随之增大，而增大振膜厚度提高刚性又会使振膜灵敏度和解析力下降。
在易驱性方面，考虑前端输出质量较低的情况，此时两导线圈并联，而即使前端输出电流不够大，第一导线圈6也可以保证振膜受力均匀分割震动得到有效抑制，此时整个振膜主要受到由动圈磁铁4作用于第二导线圈7的作用力，由于振膜相比普通动圈振膜更轻，第二导线圈7受到的作用力和来自环形磁铁3对于第一导线圈3的较小的作用力使其比常规动圈发声单元具有更高灵敏度和解析力和更低的失真。当前端输出质量很高时，此时两导线圈既可串联也可并联，以 下考虑串联情况。两线圈电流完全相同且较大，两线圈所受力完全同步且较大，此时振膜的加速度和位移会更迅速而猛烈，因此其音质也会有极大提升，故两个导线圈的不同连接方法能够使得平面动圈振膜具有更好的前端适应性和潜力。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何属于本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种平面动圈复合式振膜组件，包括动圈磁铁(4)、振膜(5)、第二导线圈(7)，振膜(5)的中心设有动圈磁铁(4)，动圈磁铁(4)周向绕设多圈导线形成第二导线圈(7)，第二导线圈(7)固定在振膜(5)上，其特征在于：还包括围绕动圈磁铁(4)附着在所述振膜(5)上的第一导线圈(6)，所述第一导线圈(6)由至少两组圆环形导线组成，每组圆环形导线由多圈导线组成，相邻两组圆环形导线之间间隔一定距离形成圆环形间隙，所述圆环形间隙上设置相应的环形磁铁(3)，环形磁铁的极性方向应垂直于环形磁铁(3)的所在圆面，相邻环形磁铁(3)的极性方向相反，环形磁铁(3)设在振膜(5)的一侧或两侧对应设置，第一导线圈(6)通电工作时每组圆环形导线内的多圈导线电流方向相同，相邻两组圆环形导线电流方向相反。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的平面动圈复合式振膜组件，其特征在于：环形磁铁(3)大小和直径和圆环形间隙的宽度以及直径应相对应。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的平面动圈复合式振膜组件，其特征在于：振膜(5)中心部位布置圆环形线圈或设计为穹顶结构。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的平面动圈复合式振膜组件，其特征在于：环形磁铁(3)在振膜(5)两侧设置时极性方向相反。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的平面动圈复合式振膜组件，其特征在于：还包括振膜支架(1)、磁铁固定架(2)，动圈磁铁(4)和环形磁铁(3)通过磁铁固定架(2)固定在振膜(5)两侧，振膜支架(1)与磁铁固定架(2)相连接实现对整个组件的支撑。
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