WO2017085043A1 - Système d'alimentation électrique sans coupure doté d'une autonomie optimisée - Google Patents

Système d'alimentation électrique sans coupure doté d'une autonomie optimisée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017085043A1
WO2017085043A1 PCT/EP2016/077671 EP2016077671W WO2017085043A1 WO 2017085043 A1 WO2017085043 A1 WO 2017085043A1 EP 2016077671 W EP2016077671 W EP 2016077671W WO 2017085043 A1 WO2017085043 A1 WO 2017085043A1
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Prior art keywords
power
delivery units
power delivery
power supply
pdus
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PCT/EP2016/077671
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English (en)
Inventor
Sridhar PULIKANTI
Simon James Walton
Nick Elliott
Robert Turner
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Abb Schweiz Ag
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Publication of WO2017085043A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017085043A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/062—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/466—Scheduling the operation of the generators, e.g. connecting or disconnecting generators to meet a given demand

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the area of uninterruptible power supply systems comprising a main power line interconnecting a power supply side and a load side, a utility disconnect switch provided in the main power line, and multiple power delivery units, which are connected to the main power line at the load side of the utility disconnect switch, thereby providing an off-line UPS configuration.
  • the present invention in particular relates to a control method for such an uninterruptible power supply system.
  • UPS single conversion UPS
  • power quality events comprise voltage sags (short-term under-voltages), voltage swells (short-term over-voltages), voltage short-term interruptions, voltage long-term interruptions, voltage drops and failures of AC power supply.
  • voltage sags short-term under-voltages
  • voltage swells short-term over-voltages
  • voltage short-term interruptions voltage long-term interruptions
  • voltage drops failures of AC power supply.
  • typical power quality events comprise shallow sags of at least one phase of the AC power supply, failures of at least one
  • phase of the AC power supply i.e. a one-phase failure or a multiple phase failure
  • an AC supply outage or deep sag e.g. a failure of all phases of the AC power supply.
  • Offline-UPS systems are commonly used for power protection in industrial environments where efficiency and footprint are primary cost drivers.
  • offline UPS system 10 comprises a main power line 12, which
  • a power supply 14 also denoted as grid in Fig. 1
  • the power supply 14 and the load 18 are typically an AC power supply and an AC load, respectively, in particular when considering industrial applications, more typically a three-phase AC power supply and/or a three-phase AC load.
  • the installation can be provided with three or four wires depending on different
  • the main power line 12 comprises a utility disconnect switch 22, which is provided in the main power line 12 and disconnects the power supply side 16 as required in case of a power quality event.
  • the utility disconnect switch 22 is typically a semiconductor switching device.
  • the offline UPS system 10 comprises one power delivery unit 24
  • the PDU 24 of the shown embodiment comprises an optional transformer 26, multiple power electronic building blocks 28 (PEBBs) and an energy storage device 30.
  • the energy storage device 30 typically provides power to the load through multiple PEBBs 28.
  • the offline UPS system 10 comprises multiple energy storage devices 30 connected in parallel.
  • the PDU 24 further has a control unit 32 for controlling the operation of the PDU 24, which is labeled master controller in Fig. 1.
  • the utility disconnect switch 22 is operated by the control unit 32 of the PDU.
  • the offline UPS system 10 comprises multiple PDUs, which are all connected to the main power line 12.
  • the UPS system 10 further comprises a control device for controlling the operation of the PDUs 24 and the utility disconnect switch 22.
  • Each of the PEBBs 28 typically comprises an DC/AC converter, also referred to as inverter, for converting electrical power from the energy storage device 30, i.e. typically DC power, into AC power, as required for powering the load 18.
  • the PEBBs 28 are electrically connected to the transformer 26, which transforms the AC power provided by the PEBBs 28 to provide a required load voltage.
  • Each DC/AC converter unit typically comprises an individual controller for controlling its operation within the offline-UPS system 10.
  • the utility disconnect switch 22 disconnects the load 18 from the grid, i.e. the AC power supply 14, and uses the PEBBs 28 with the DC/AC converter units and the energy storage device 30 to keep the load 18 running.
  • disconnect switch 22 and transferring the support of the load to the PDUs 24 is known as a transfer.
  • a transfer In order to increase power capacity of offline UPS system 10, there are two possibilities. The first possibility is to increase power capacity of a PDU 24, i.e. power capacity of all of its components, and the second possibility is to provide additional PDUs, 24 which are connected in parallel.
  • the operation of parallel PDUs with various energy delivery elements having different time constants for delivering energy may constrain the overall autonomy of the offline UPS system.
  • the operation of parallel PDUs with different energy storage levels of energy storage device in PDUs are common due to differently aged energy storage devices, due to different state of charge of the energy storage devices, and/or due to different internal configurations of the PDUs.
  • the energy storage devices of the different PDUs can have different numbers of parallel energy storage strings, which reduces overall autonomy of the offline UPS system.
  • the number of available PEBBs is less in a PDU than configured, and all PDUs share load equally, overloading of PEBBs, in particular of the DC/AC converter, in that PDU may occur.
  • document WO 2013/058763 A1 refers to a method of
  • the method comprises powering on the first UPS, receiving power from a first input power source coupled to an input of the first UPS, providing power to a load coupled to an output of the first UPS, adjusting the power provided to the load by the first UPS in response to power characteristics of the first UPS and power characteristics of the second UPS.
  • document US 2009/0230772 A1 refers to a load sharing, multi-module power supply system for supplying power to a load.
  • the system involves: a first power supply module having a controller, and having a first per unit capacity (pu-c); a second power supply module having a controller, and having a second per unit capacity (pu-c); the controller of the first power supply module adapted to implement a reduction in an output power of the first power supply module upon the detection of an operating event, where a portion of the load being handled by the first power supply module is shed by a percentage, and such that the first power supply module remains operating during the operating event but at a reduced power output level; and upon the occurrence of the operating event the controller of the second power supply module is adapted to increase a power output of the second power supply module sufficient to accommodate the portion ofthe load that has been shed by the first power supply module.
  • a first power supply module having a controller, and having a first per unit capacity (pu-c)
  • a second power supply module having a controller, and having a second per unit capacity (pu-c)
  • the controller of the first power supply module adapted to implement a reduction in an output power
  • US 2007/0007825 A1 refers to an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) including a plurality of UPS modules.
  • UPS uninterruptible power supply
  • Each of the UPS modules has a battery that provides power to a protected load in the event of a utility power failure.
  • a plurality of controllers control how much power each ofthe batteries deliver to the protected load, and a communication bus allows the controllers to exchange information about the battery voltages.
  • One of the controllers calculates the average battery voltage of the plurality of batteries and adjusts the amount of energy provided by an individual battery such that the battery voltage is about equal to the average battery voltage.
  • the UPS also includes a main controller coupled to the plurality of units, the main controller configured to receive, from the temperature sensors, information relating to temperatures of each of the plurality of units, calculate at least one average temperature based on the temperatures of each of the plurality of units, and provide the at least one average temperature to each of the plurality of units.
  • document EP 2 071 699 A2 provides an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system including a plurality of UPSs connected in parallel at a load bus and configured to provide powerthereto from respective batteries of a plurality of batteries is operated such that a difference between a variable, for example, battery voltage, indicative of battery capacity for a battery associated with the subject UPS and an average value of the variable for the plurality of batteries is determined and a power flow between the subject UPS and the load bus is controlled responsive to the determined difference.
  • Controlling a power flow between the subject UPS and the load bus responsive to the determined difference may include, for example, controlling a phase of an inverter of the subject UPS responsive to the determined difference.
  • an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system comprises a plurality of UPS units connected in parallel.
  • Each UPS unit comprises a power converter for supplying a share of a total load current (Uot).
  • the total load is shared automatically between UPS units of power ratings, in a proportionate manner.
  • a controller of each converter is arranged to establish real-time feedback control of a current supplied by the power converter.
  • An exchange current for each converter represents an imbalance between an output current of the converter in question and output currents of the parallel converters.
  • Exchange current sensing circuits of the parallel-connected UPS units are connected together.
  • the controller steers the exchange current of each converter toward a value (i_ exc_c) that is a non-zero proportion of a current (Lrnut) sensed within the converter. Said non-zero proportion is calculated such that the exchange current will be steered towards a positive value in the case of a converter with higher than average nominal power rating and toward a negative value in the case of a converter with lower than average power rating.
  • the apparatus includes a control system coupled with an electrical power storage subsystem and an electric power generator.
  • the control system is configured to provide a plurality of modes of operation including at least a static compensator (STATCOM) mode, an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) mode and a generator mode and to control transitions between each of the plurality of modes.
  • STATCOM static compensator
  • UPS uninterruptible power supply
  • It is an object of the present invention to provide an uninterruptible power supply system comprising a main power line interconnecting a power supply side and a load side, a utility disconnect switch provided in the main power line, and multiple power delivery units, which are connected to the main power line at the load side of the utility disconnect switch, thereby providing an off-line UPS configuration, and a control method for such an uninterruptible power supply system, which overcome at least some of the above problems.
  • the present invention provides a control method for an
  • the uninterruptible power supply system comprising a main power line interconnecting a power supply side and a load side, a utility disconnect switch provided in the main power line, and multiple power delivery units, which are connected to the main power line at the load side of the utility disconnect switch, thereby providing an offline UPS configuration
  • each power delivery unit comprises components including multiple power electronic building blocks and an energy storage device, each of the components having a time constant for delivering energy, whereby the time constant refers to an indication of possible support of a load in operation
  • the method comprising the steps of performing an optimization of autonomy of the uninterruptible power supply system, comprising the step of managing power between the power delivery units such that each power delivery unit achieves longest autonomy determined by the component with the fastest time constant, which defines the shortest operation time, for delivering energy.
  • the present invention also provides an uninterruptible power supply
  • each power delivery unit comprises components including multiple power electronic building blocks and an energy storage device, each of the components having a time constant for delivering energy
  • the uninterruptible power supply system comprises a control device adapted to performing the above method.
  • UPS uninterruptible power supply system
  • PDUs power delivery units
  • individual time constants for delivering energy of the components of the PDUs are considered to perform an overall control of the offline UPS system. Accordingly, autonomy of the single power delivery unit can be increased based on the fastest time constant.
  • time constant refers to an indication of possible support of the load in operation.
  • the time constant can depend on operational states of the PDUs, e.g. a load support of DC/AC converter units in overload condition, or others.
  • the time constant for the energy storage device depends primary on a storage capacity of the energy storage device. However, other time constants can be considered, e.g. a maximum support time of a given current.
  • the fastest or shortest time constant is the time constant out of the time constants of all components of the PDUs, which defines the shortest operation time.
  • the PDUs may comprise additional, optional components having a time constant for delivering energy.
  • the optional components comprise in particular a transformer for transforming power provided from the multiple PEBBs.
  • the control device performs a coordination and control of the multiple
  • the control device monitors voltage of the AC power supply to detect power quality events, synchronizes with the voltage of the AC power supply when the power quality event is cleared.
  • the control device is responsible for operation of the utility disconnect switch in order to separate the load side from the AC power supply in case of a power quality event and to connect the load side to the AC power supply in a synchronized way when the power quality event is cleared.
  • the control device is connected to control units of the PDUs via a control bus.
  • the control device controls the control units of the PDUs and propagates necessary information to the control units of the PDUs.
  • the control device also performs a collection of status information of all PDUs e.g. operational mode of PDUs, estimated state of charge of energy storage devices and others.
  • the control method can be employed independently from the parallel energy storage devices being provided e.g. as batteries, super-capacitors or others and the inherent different capacities thereof, as long as each PDU is provided with the same kind of energy storage device.
  • the PDUs have a modular structure with the PEBBs being provided as modules.
  • the offline UPS system can be easily scaled to provide essentially any load capacity.
  • Merely further parallel PDUs have to be added to the offline UPS system to achieve an extension of load capacity.
  • the modular setup of the offline UPS system enables flexibility for retrofit applications. Also reliability of the offline UPS system is satisfactory since the parallel PDUs can be replaced independently and during operation of the offline UPS system.
  • the uninterruptible power supply system is provided as a short autonomy system, whereby the energy storage device has the shortest time constant out of the components of the power delivery units, and the step of managing power between the power delivery units comprises performing a fine utilization of energy available between power delivery units to support the load with optimum autonomy.
  • the energy storage device has the shortest time constant out of the components of the power delivery units
  • the step of managing power between the power delivery units comprises performing a fine utilization of energy available between power delivery units to support the load with optimum autonomy.
  • different components of the PDUs out of the listed components can have the lowest time constant.
  • the energy storage device will likely be the component having the shortest time constant.
  • Energy storage devices for these short autonomy system may comprise e.g. super capacitors or a flywheel.
  • the offline UPS system cannot support the load anymore, since available PDUs cannot provide sufficient power to the load.
  • the support of the load is shared between the different PDUs in order to avoid that individual PDUs ran out of energy and the offline UPS system can power the load for an extended time.
  • the step of managing power between the power delivery units comprises energy balancing for optimizing or sub-optimizing overall energy storage devices available in the uninterruptible power supply system for extension of autonomy.
  • each PDU of the offline UPS system is provided with an energy storage device comprising super capacitors, and the energy storage devices have different energy levels
  • the autonomy of the PDU with the lowest energy level determines the autonomy of overall offline UPS system.
  • the energy can be utilized in optimum manner while power overloading the PEBBs.
  • the time constant for delivering energy of PEBBs is higher than time constant of energy storage device, so that the PEBBs can withstand high power loading throughout the autonomy.
  • Energy balancing between PDUs of the offline UPS system optimizes or sub-optimizes overall energy storage available in the system for maximum autonomy. Optimization and sub- optimization comprises that the operation of the offline UPS system can be optimized under consideration of different aspects, whereby also other aspects than maximum autonomy can be considered.
  • the step of managing power between the power delivery units comprises balancing the demands of the components, each of which having a time constant for delivering energy, depending on the component having the shortest time constant.
  • a proper control of the parallel PDUs can increase the overall autonomy of the offline UPS system. Accordingly, support of the load between the PDUs can be adapted. This includes to operate the PEBBs, in particular the DC/AC converters above the designed power ratings. However, since the DC/AC converters have an overload capability, such an operation of the DC/AC converters can be performed without harming the DC/AC converters. Typical overload capabilities are up to several seconds.
  • the step of managing power between the power delivery units comprises fine utilization of power delivery units with components having different time constants for delivering energy.
  • This refers to utilization of the PDUs of the offline UPS system under consideration of their detailed capability for supporting the load under current operation conditions. Hence, variations of the time constants can be considered for optimizing the overall autonomy.
  • PDUs with components having different time constants amongst the PDUs can be commonly controlled to achieve a control for optimization of autonomy of the offline UPS system.
  • the step of managing power between the power delivery units comprises performing utilization of components in the power delivery units which optimizes or sub-optimizes overall energy storage available in the uninterruptible power supply system for maximization of overall autonomy.
  • Maximization of the overall autonomy refers to an optimization which in particular increases the overall autonomy.
  • other aspects of the overall control of the offline UPS system are considered of less importance. Accordingly, upon selection of the power delivery units which optimizes or sub-optimizes overall energy storage available in the uninterruptible power supply system for maximization of overall autonomy.
  • the step of managing power between the power delivery units comprises determining an individual estimated state of charge of the multiple power delivery units, determining a mean estimated state of charge of the multiple power delivery units, and adapting the output current of the multiple power delivery units based on the individual estimated state of charge of the multiple power delivery units and the mean estimated state of charge of the multiple power delivery units.
  • Determining an individual estimated state of charge of the multiple power delivery units comprises determining the state of charge in particular of the energy storage devices, which are supposed to provide a major part of the energy stored in the PDUs.
  • the uninterruptible power supply system is provided as a long autonomy system, whereby the energy storage device has the longest time constant out of the
  • the step of managing power between the power delivery units comprises performing optimal power sharing between power delivery units to support the load with optimum autonomy.
  • the lowest time constant component may change depending on the designed autonomy time. For systems with longer autonomy, the thermal rating of
  • components in particular the PEBB, may have the shortest time constant, whereas the energy storage device typically has a long time constant.
  • Such an energy storage device can be provided e.g. as a battery.
  • components with relative short time constant become the dominant constraint.
  • the control method is performed based on time constants of components for delivery energy in PDUs.
  • the control method enables a decrease of power loading of DC/AC converter units in PDUs comprising less DC/AC converter units.
  • the reduced number of DC/AC converter units can be either by design or because one or more DC/AC converter units are not available, e.g. because of failure or maintenance. Due to the reduced power loading, passive components in PDU do not reach their maximum operation limits.
  • the passive components in PDUs may comprise filter components of the DC/AC converter units, the coupling transformer, switching devices and others.
  • the DC/AC converter units can be driven by the control unit of the PDU based on a control command from the control device of the offline UPS system to provide a bigger or smaller share to support of the load.
  • the offline UPS system can withstand a loss of DC/AC converter units in single PDUs.
  • the load is running off PDUs.
  • the PDU output current can be varied based on number of DC/AC converter units available, and an average current provided by all PDUs.
  • the batteries have different energy levels, by enabling energy balancing, some of the PEBBs are power overloaded. Since the time constant of the battery is bigger than the time constant of other components of the PDUs, in particular the DC/AC converter unit, overloading the other components of the PDUs, in particular the DC/AC converter unit, can exceed their maximum
  • the offline UPS system can be kept running for an extended time, thereby achieving an optimization of overall autonomy of the offline UPS system.
  • power sharing can be performed depending on time constants for delivering energy of the components in the PDUs. This way, utilization of energy available between PDUs to support the load is optimized or sub-optimized so that autonomy of the offline UPS can be extended.
  • the step of managing power between the power delivery units comprises the step of fine power balancing between power delivery units under power delivery units with different energy storage levels or loss of power electronic building blocks in power delivery units. Hence, a detailed evaluation of energy storage levels of the energy storage devices and available PEBBs is performed by the control device for calculating optimum power to perform optimum power sharing.
  • the optimized or sub-optimized autonomy of a PDUs from constrained energy delivery elements is achieved by balancing the demands of the fastest time constant within the PDU.
  • the step of managing power between the power delivery units comprises reducing power loading in the power delivery units with a reduced number of power electronic building blocks which have reduced capability.
  • power loading in the off-line UPS system can be reduced even in case of a reduced number of DC/AC converter units of a PDU or in case of the offline UPS system having a reduced number of PDUs.
  • Reduction of number of PDUs and/or PEBBs can occur based on failure and on maintenance of the respective component.
  • the step of power sharing between the multiple power delivery units comprises determining a number of power electronic building blocks available in each power delivery unit, and adapting an output current of the multiple power delivery units based on the number of power electronic building blocks available in each power delivery unit.
  • the step of managing power between the power delivery units comprises power balancing to reduce power loading with a reduced number of power delivery units or power electronic building blocks.
  • the power balancing can be performed to avoid a failure of a PEBB or a PDU in order to sufficiently power the load.
  • the step of power sharing between the multiple power delivery units comprises determining an individual current delivered from each of the multiple power delivery units to the load side, determining a mean current delivered from the multiple power delivery units to the load side, and the step of adapting an output current of the multiple power delivery units based on the number of power electronic building blocks available in each power delivery unit comprises adapting the output current of the multiple power delivery units based on the mean current delivered from the multiple power delivery units to the load side.
  • time constants are provided individually for the PDUs of the offline UPS system and are individually assessed in order to enable power balancing between the different PDUs.
  • the step of managing power between the power delivery units comprises adapting the output current of the multiple power delivery units depending on the time constants of the power delivery units.
  • the uninterruptible power supply system comprises a long distance communication link interconnecting the multiple power delivery units and the control device.
  • the long distance communication link is preferably a high speed
  • the long distance communication link is preferably designed as an industrially-robust, low-latency communication link.
  • the long distance communication link is used for common control of the PDUs in order to perform optimization of autonomy of the uninterruptible power supply system and manage power between the power delivery units.
  • the long distance communication link is preferably based on a fiber-optic or twisted pair copper physical link, which are industrially robust and can be used at distances of up to one hundred meters or more. Further preferred, the long distance communication link is provided with a low latency. To achieve the low-latency requirement, either a custom communication protocol can be developed, or an existing industry communication protocols may be employed depending on a use case.
  • the utility disconnect switch is connected via the long distance communication link to the control device.
  • the control device can also control the utility disconnect switch to perform a separation of the power supply side from the AC power supply in case of a power quality event, which is detected by the control device.
  • a control of the utility disconnect switch to perform a synchronization of the voltages of the AC power supply and the power provided by the PDUs upon end of the power quality event can be performed.
  • FIG. 1 shows an offline UPS system known in the Art with a single power delivery unit as a schematic drawing
  • FIG. 2 shows an offline UPS system according to a first, preferred embodiment comprising multiple parallel power delivery units as a schematic drawing.
  • Fig. 2 shows an offline-UPS system 100 in accordance with a first
  • the offline UPS system 100 comprises a main power line 1 12, which directly connects a power supply 1 14 at a power supply side 1 16 and a load 1 18 at a load side 120 of a given electrical installation.
  • the power supply 1 14 and the load 1 18 are typically an AC power supply and an AC load, respectively, in particular when considering industrial applications, more typically a three- phase AC power supply and/or a three-phase AC load.
  • the installation can be provided with three or four wires depending on different requirements, including national installation practices or standards.
  • the main power line 1 12 comprises a utility disconnect switch 122,
  • the utility disconnect switch 122 is typically a semiconductor
  • the offline UPS system 100 comprises by way of example three
  • PDUs power delivery units 124
  • Each PDU 24 comprises a transformer 126, multiple power electronic building blocks 128
  • the offline UPS system 100 is provided without
  • the energy storage device 130 provides DC power to the multiple energy storage device 130
  • the 100 comprises multiple energy storage devices 130 connected in parallel.
  • the PDUs 124 have a modular structure with the PEBBs
  • the PDU 124 further has a control unit 132 for controlling the
  • the utility disconnect switch 122 is operated by the control unit 132 of the PDU 124.
  • the offline UPS is operated by the control unit 132 of the PDU 124.
  • system 100 comprises multiple PDUs 124, which are all connected to the main power line 1 12.
  • the UPS system 100 further comprises a control device 134 for controlling the operation of the PDUs 124 and the utility disconnect switch 122 and a long distance communication link 136.
  • the control device 134 is connected via the long distance communication link 136 to the control units 132 of the PDUs 124.
  • the utility disconnect switch 122 is connected via the long distance communication link 136 to the control device 134.
  • the control device 134 controls the utility disconnect switch 122 to perform a separation of the power supply side 1 16 from the AC power supply 1 14 in case of a power quality event, which is detected by the control device 134 and to perform a synchronization of the voltages of the power supply 1 14 and the power provided by the PDUs 124 upon clearing the power quality event.
  • the long distance communication link 136 is a high speed
  • the long distance communication link which is designed as an industrially-robust, low- latency communication link.
  • the long distance communication link is designed as an industrially-robust, low- latency communication link.
  • 136 in this embodiment is based on a fiber-optic or twisted pair
  • Each of the PEBBs 128 comprises a DC/AC converter unit, also referred to as inverter, for converting electrical power from the energy storage device 130, which provides DC power, into AC power, as required for powering the load 1 18.
  • the PEBBs 128 are electrically connected to the transformer 126, which transforms the AC power provided by the PEBBs 128 to provide a required load voltage.
  • Each DC/AC converter unit typically comprises an individual controller for controlling its operation within the offline-UPS system 100.
  • DC/AC converter units are driven by the control unit 132 of the
  • Each of the transformer 126, the multiple PEBBs 128 and the energy storage device 130 have a time constant for delivering energy, i.e.
  • time constant refers to an indication of possible support of the load 1 18 in operation.
  • the time constant can depend on operational states of the PDUs 124, e.g. a load support in overload condition, or others.
  • constant for the energy storage device 130 depends first on a
  • time constants can be considered, e.g. a maximum time for support of a given current.
  • the fastest or shortest time constant is the time constant out of the time constants of all components of the PDUs
  • control device 134 controls the utility disconnect switch 122 to disconnect the load 1 18 from the power supply side 1 16, i.e. the AC power supply 1 14, and uses the PEBBs 128 with the DC/AC converter units and the energy storage device 130 to keep the load 1 18 running. Hence, the control device 134 monitors voltage of the power supply 1 14 to detect power quality events. Furthermore, the control device 134 synchronizes with the voltage of the power supply 1 14 when the power quality event is cleared. The control device 134 also performs a collection of status information of the three PDUs 124. The status information comprises operational mode of PDUs 124, estimated state of charge of energy storage devices 130 and others.
  • a control of the offline UPS system 100 in accordance with the described embodiment comprises the steps of performing an optimization of autonomy of the offline UPS system 100 comprising the step of managing power between the PDUs 124 such that the single PDU 124 achieves longest autonomy determined by the component with the fastest time constant for delivering energy, e.g. in this embodiment determined by the fastest time constant for delivering energy out of the transformer 126, the PEBBs 128, and the energy storage device 130.
  • the offline UPS system 100 is
  • the offline UPS system 100 of the third embodiment is implemented based on the UPS system 100 of the first embodiment. Hence, a repeated description of the details of the offline UPS system 100 is omitted.
  • the step of managing power between the PDUs 124 comprises performing a fine utilization of energy available between PDUs 124 to support the load 1 18 with optimum autonomy.
  • the offline UPS system 100 controls the PDUs 124 to share support of the load 1 18 between the different PDUs 124 in order to avoid that individual PDUs 124 ran out of energy.
  • the control is performed to utilize energy in optimum manner while power overloading the PEBBs 128.
  • the PEBBs 128 Based on the time constant for delivering energy of the PEBBs 128 being higher than the time constant of the energy storage device 130, the PEBBs 128 withstand high power loading throughout the time constant of the energy storage device 130.
  • the between the PDUs 124 comprises balancing the demands of the transformer 126, the PEBBs 128 and the energy storage device 130, each of which having a time constant for delivering energy depending on the device having the shortest time constant. Accordingly, support of the load 1 18 amongst the PDUs 124 is adapted to operate the PEBBs 128, in particular the DC/AC converter units, above the designed power ratings in accordance with an overload capability of the DC/AC converter units.
  • components of the PDUs 124 with different time constants for delivering energy from the energy storage device 130 to the load 1 18, i.e. the transformer 126, the PEBBs 128 and the energy storage device 130, are be commonly controlled to achieve optimization of autonomy of the offline UPS system 100.
  • between the PDUs 124 comprises performing utilization of components in the PDUs 124 which optimizes or sub-optimizes overall energy storage available in the offline UPS system 100 for maximization of overall autonomy.
  • between the PDUs 124 comprises determining an individual estimated state of charge of the PDUs 124, determining a mean estimated state of charge of the PDUs 124, and adapting the output current of the PDUs 124 based on the individual estimated state of charge of the PDUs 124 and the mean estimated state of charge of the PDUs 124.
  • the offline UPS system 100 is provided as a long autonomy system.
  • the offline UPS system 100 of the third embodiment is implemented based on the UPS system 100 of the first embodiment.
  • a repeated description of the details of the offline UPS system 100 is omitted.
  • the energy storage device 130 is a battery
  • the energy storage device 130 has the longest time constant out of the transformer 126, the PEBBs 128 and the energy storage device 130.
  • the time constant of the PEBBs 128 is defined by their maximum operation limitations.
  • the DC/AC converter units are driven to provide a bigger or smaller share to support of the load 1 18.
  • the PDU output current is varied based on number of DC/AC converter units available, and an average current provided by all PDUs 124.
  • the step of managing power between the PDUs 124 further comprises the step of fine power balancing between PDUs under PDUs with different energy storage levels or loss of PEBBs 128 in PDUs 124.
  • a detailed evaluation of energy storage levels of the power storage devices 130 and available PEBBs 128 is performed by the control device 134, which calculates optimum power for each PDU 124 to perform optimum power sharing by balancing the demands of the fastest time constant within the PDU 124.
  • the step of managing power between the PDUs 124 further comprises reducing power loading in the PDUs 124 with a reduced number of PEBBs 128 which have reduced capability.
  • power loading in the off-line UPS system 100 is reduced in case of a reduced number of DC/AC converter units of a PDU 124 or in case of the offline UPS system 100 having a reduced number of PDUs 124.
  • the step of power sharing between the PDUs 124 comprises determining a number of PEBBs 128 available in each PDU 124, and adapting an output current of the PDUs 124 based on the number of PEBBs 128 available in each PDU 124.
  • the step of managing power between the PDUs 124 comprises power balancing to reduce power loading with a reduced number of PDUs 124 or PEBBs 128.
  • the step of power sharing between the PDUs 124 comprises determining an individual current delivered from each of the PDUs 124 to the load side 120, determining a mean current delivered from the PDUs 124 to the load side 120, and the step of adapting an output current of the multiple PDUs 124 based on the number of PEBBs 128 available in each PDU 124 comprises adapting the output current of the multiple PDUs 124 based on the mean current delivered from the multiple PDUs 124 to the load side 120.
  • the step of managing power between the PDUs 124 comprises adapting the output current of the PDUs 124 depending on the time constants of the PDUs 124.
  • PEBB 28 power electronic building block
  • PEBB 128 power electronic building block

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de commande destiné à un système d'alimentation électrique sans coupure (100), le système d'alimentation électrique sans coupure (100) comprenant une ligne d'alimentation principale (112) interconnectant un côté alimentation (116) et un côté charge (120), un sectionneur utilitaire (122) disposé dans la ligne d'alimentation principale (112), et plusieurs unités de distribution d'énergie (124), qui sont connectées à la ligne d'alimentation principale (112) du côté charge (120) du sectionneur utilitaire (122), fournissant ainsi une configuration UPS hors ligne, chaque unité de distribution d'énergie (124) comprenant des composants comprenant plusieurs blocs d'électronique de puissance (128) et un dispositif de stockage d'énergie (130), chacun des composants ayant une constante de temps pour fournir de l'énergie, le procédé comprenant les étapes consistant à exécuter une optimisation d'autonomie du système d'alimentation électrique sans coupure (100), comprenant l'étape de gestion d'énergie entre les unités de distribution d'énergie (124) de sorte que l'unité de distribution d'énergie (124) unique atteint une plus longue autonomie déterminée par la constante de temps la plus rapide pour fournir de l'énergie à partir de ses composants. La présente invention concerne également un système d'alimentation électrique sans coupure (100) permettant d'effectuer le procédé de commande ci-dessus.
PCT/EP2016/077671 2015-11-16 2016-11-15 Système d'alimentation électrique sans coupure doté d'une autonomie optimisée WO2017085043A1 (fr)

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CN107990929A (zh) * 2017-11-28 2018-05-04 漳州科华技术有限责任公司 滤波时间常数的控制方法及装置、计算机装置、存储介质
CN112368713A (zh) * 2018-06-28 2021-02-12 维普公司 生物特征注册
CN113410904A (zh) * 2021-03-29 2021-09-17 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 一种多模块并联型应急电源及控制方法
CN116455079A (zh) * 2023-05-04 2023-07-18 奥斯塔娜(常州)电子有限公司 基于大数据的用电信息一体化安全监管系统及方法

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CN107749620A (zh) * 2017-10-13 2018-03-02 国网河北能源技术服务有限公司 一种含分布式电源配电网供电恢复方法
CN107990929A (zh) * 2017-11-28 2018-05-04 漳州科华技术有限责任公司 滤波时间常数的控制方法及装置、计算机装置、存储介质
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CN112368713A (zh) * 2018-06-28 2021-02-12 维普公司 生物特征注册
CN113410904A (zh) * 2021-03-29 2021-09-17 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 一种多模块并联型应急电源及控制方法
CN116455079A (zh) * 2023-05-04 2023-07-18 奥斯塔娜(常州)电子有限公司 基于大数据的用电信息一体化安全监管系统及方法
CN116455079B (zh) * 2023-05-04 2024-04-26 奥斯塔娜(常州)电子有限公司 基于大数据的用电信息一体化安全监管系统及方法

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