WO2017084574A1 - 一种智能玻璃 - Google Patents

一种智能玻璃 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017084574A1
WO2017084574A1 PCT/CN2016/106034 CN2016106034W WO2017084574A1 WO 2017084574 A1 WO2017084574 A1 WO 2017084574A1 CN 2016106034 W CN2016106034 W CN 2016106034W WO 2017084574 A1 WO2017084574 A1 WO 2017084574A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
smart glass
electrode
electrodes
particles
adjustment layer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/106034
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
金名亮
王丹
水玲玲
李楠
张瑜
周国富
Original Assignee
深圳市国华光电科技有限公司
深圳市国华光电研究院
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Publication of WO2017084574A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017084574A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/0102—Constructional details, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/166—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
    • G02F1/167—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/17—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on variable-absorption elements not provided for in groups G02F1/015 - G02F1/169
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/17—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on variable-absorption elements not provided for in groups G02F1/015 - G02F1/169
    • G02F1/172—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on variable-absorption elements not provided for in groups G02F1/015 - G02F1/169 based on a suspension of orientable dipolar particles, e.g. suspended particles displays

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a dimming device, in particular to a smart glass.
  • the so-called smart glass is a dimming smart device composed of a substrate such as glass or other transparent materials and a light-adjusting material. Under certain physical conditions, such as illumination, electric field, temperature, etc., the device may be colored or faded.
  • the reaction which changes its color state, selectively absorbs or reflects external heat radiation and prevents internal heat diffusion, and achieves the purpose of reversibly adjusting light intensity and room temperature, and is expected to be used in next-generation home or industrial windows.
  • the method is to coat the glass so that a certain wavelength of light in the light can be reflected or transmitted by the glass, and different materials can be used according to different reflective and light transmission requirements.
  • low-emissivity glass is a film system consisting of a plurality of layers of silver, copper or tin or a compound thereof, and the product has a high transmittance for visible light and a high reflectance for infrared rays. Thermal insulation properties.
  • low-emissivity glass is generally a single-layer flat glass, which has the following disadvantages: poor film strength, poor impact resistance, easy to be contaminated and scratched during handling and installation, strong light transmission, high reflectivity, large light pollution, and high separation.
  • coated glass can not meet this demand, because once the coated glass is formed, Its optical properties cannot be reversibly adjusted, and its optical properties cannot be changed with environmental changes or personal preferences. In the same way, the coated glass can satisfy the reflection of light of a certain wavelength in visible light after molding, and the light of the wavelength can not be transmitted again from the glass.
  • the reflective materials used in coated glass are mostly based on metal and metal oxide doped ionic crystals. The reflective materials constituting such glass are easy to interfere with navigation and communication systems. This disadvantage is not conducive to the popularization of coated glass windows worldwide. widely used.
  • liquid crystal glass is made to adjust the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules by voltage action, so that the color of the liquid crystal glass changes from opaque to transparent, and the liquid crystal glass has a fast response speed, but the original state is opaque, and it needs to be energized to be converted into a transparent state, and the required voltage is required.
  • electrochromic glass is a smart glass made of electrochromic properties of materials and whose thermal radiation transmittance is adjustable. The so-called electrochromic means that the material undergoes oxidation reduction by electrochemical process under the action of electric field and current. Reactive color produces a phenomenon of reversible color; electrochromic glass has the advantages of low energy consumption and color memory effect, but it has high cost, slow response, short color retention time, poor cycle reversibility, and complicated processing and preparation process. problem.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a smart glass.
  • a smart glass comprising two transparent substrates, a power supply component and an electrode disposed oppositely, the electrodes are symmetrically disposed on opposite surfaces of the two transparent substrates, and the electrodes comprise a plurality of discrete dot electrodes
  • the two electrodes of the electrode are respectively electrically connected to the two poles of the power component, and an adjustment layer is disposed between the two transparent substrates, and the adjustment layer is filled with a particle dispersion, and the electrode is not connected.
  • the particles in the particle dispersion are randomly dispersed, and the smart glass is in a frosted state; when the electrode is connected to a voltage, particles in the particle dispersion are charged, and the particles are relative to the point The electrodes are gathered, and the smart glass is in a transparent state.
  • the total area of the electrodes accounts for 25% or less of the area of the transparent substrate.
  • the particle dispersion consists of nanoparticles and a dispersion medium.
  • the particles are at least one of TiO 2 colloidal particles, ZnO colloidal particles, SnO 2 colloidal particles, and In 2 O 3 colloidal particles.
  • the particle size is from 50 to 1000 nm.
  • the electrode comprises a plurality of dot electrodes arranged in a matrix.
  • the interval between adjacent ones of the dot electrodes is 150 to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the spot electrodes are square.
  • the square side length is 100-400 ⁇ m.
  • a power blocking layer for sealing the adjustment layer is further disposed between the two transparent substrates.
  • the invention provides a smart glass, which comprises two transparent substrates, a power supply component and an electrode disposed oppositely.
  • the two poles of the electrode are symmetrically disposed on opposite surfaces of the two transparent substrates, and the electrodes comprise a plurality of a discrete point electrode, the two poles of the electrode are electrically connected to the two poles of the power component, and an adjustment layer is disposed between the two transparent substrates, and the adjustment layer is filled with a particle dispersion,
  • the electrode is not connected to the voltage, the particles in the particle dispersion are randomly dispersed, and the smart glass is in a frosted state; when the electrode is connected to the voltage, the particles in the particle dispersion are charged, and the particles are relatively The point electrodes are gathered, and the smart glass is in a transparent state.
  • the particles When the power is not energized, the particles are randomly dispersed, the light is hard to pass through the smart glass, and the reflectivity of the adjustment zone is large, so that the smart glass exhibits a frosted state, that is, an opaque state; when energized, the particles are polarized and charged. And then, with respect to the spot electrode, the light can be transmitted from the aperture between the dot electrodes, and the reflectivity of the adjustment region is small, so that the smart glass exhibits a transparent state, and the access voltage of the electrode can be controlled to control the The degree of aggregation of the particles can further adjust the refractive index and reflectance of the adjustment layer.
  • the smart glass of the present invention can realize the adjustment of light transmission and opacity by the electric field change, the response speed is fast, and there is no navigation and communication system. Interference, the preparation process of smart glass is simple and low cost.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the smart glass when the electrode is not connected to a voltage
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the smart glass when the electrode is connected to the voltage.
  • the invention provides a smart glass, which comprises a transparent substrate 1 and a transparent substrate 2, a power supply component and an electrode, and the two poles of the electrode are symmetrically disposed on the transparent substrate 1 and the transparent
  • the electrode comprises a plurality of discrete dot electrodes 3.
  • the electrode comprises a plurality of dot electrodes 3 arranged in a matrix, the spacing between the dot electrodes is 150-500 ⁇ m, the dot electrodes 3 are square, and the square sides are 100- 400 ⁇ m.
  • the percentage of the total area of the electrodes to the area of the light-transmitting substrate is 25% or less.
  • a light-shielding layer 4 for sealing the adjustment layer 5 is further disposed between the transparent substrate 1 and the transparent substrate 2 .
  • the two electrodes of the electrode are respectively electrically connected to the two poles of the power component, and between the two transparent substrates, an adjustment layer 5 is disposed, and the adjustment layer 5 is filled with a particle dispersion, and the particle dispersion is composed of
  • the nanoparticles 6 are composed of a dispersion medium.
  • the nanoparticles are at least one of TiO 2 colloidal particles, ZnO colloidal particles, SnO 2 colloidal particles, and In 2 O 3 colloidal particles, and the particles 6 have a particle diameter of 50 to 1000 nm.
  • the particles 6 in the particle dispersion are randomly dispersed, and the light is hardly transmitted from the smart glass, and can be uniformly dispersed in the solvent, and the reflectance of the adjustment region 4 Large, the smart glass exhibits a matte state, that is, an opaque state.
  • the electrode when the electrode is connected to a voltage, particles 6 in the particle dispersion are polarized and charged, and particles 6 in the particle dispersion are charged, and particles 6 in the particle dispersion are relative to
  • the electrodes 3 are gathered, and the particles 6 are arranged in a straight line perpendicular to the transparent substrate between the two transparent substrates, and light can be transmitted from the pores between the dot electrodes 3, and the total of the electrodes 3
  • the percentage of the area of the transparent substrate is less than or equal to 25%, and the remaining 75% or more of the area light can pass smoothly, and the transmittance of the adjustment layer 5 is large, so that the smart glass exhibits a transparent state.
  • the degree of convergence of the particles 6 can be controlled by adjusting the access voltage of the electrodes, and the refractive index and reflectance of the adjustment layer 5 can be further adjusted.
  • the smart glass of the present invention can realize light transmission and opacity through electric field variation.
  • the adjustment of light can adjust the optical properties of the glass at any time according to people's wishes; the time required for self-assembly of the particles 6 into a straight line is short, the electrical response speed is fast, and the required voltage is low, much lower than the liquid crystal dimming.
  • the required voltage of the glass; the smart glass of the present invention has a bistable property, and the state of the straight alignment of the particles 6 can be maintained for a period of time after the voltage is removed, and the energy consumption can be reduced;
  • the system of navigation and communication does not interfere, the preparation process of the smart glass is simple and the cost is low;
  • the preparation process of the smart glass of the invention is safe and convenient, easy to operate, easy to implement and low in raw material cost;
  • the smart glass of the invention can be used for high-grade Many fields such as hotels, villas, office buildings, office buildings, bathroom doors and windows, kitchen doors and windows, greenhouses, etc.; Smart glass has good lighting function and line-of-sight shielding function, and has certain energy-saving and decorative effects. It is a high-tech product that can't be compared with ordinary transparent glass and tinted glass, and has unlimited application prospects.
  • the invention provides a smart glass, which comprises a transparent substrate 1 and a transparent substrate 2, a power supply component and an electrode, and the two poles of the electrode are symmetrically disposed on the transparent substrate 1 and the transparent On the opposite surface of the substrate 2, the electrode comprises a plurality of discrete dot electrodes 3.
  • a light-shielding layer 4 for sealing the adjustment layer 5 is further disposed between the transparent substrate 1 and the transparent substrate 2 .
  • the electrode includes a plurality of dot electrodes 3 arranged in a matrix, the dot electrodes 3 are square, the square size is 100 ⁇ m*100 ⁇ m, the dot electrodes 3 are spaced apart from each other by 300 ⁇ m, and the circumference is closest to the partition
  • the spot electrode 3 of the electric layer 4 has a distance of 150 ⁇ m, and the total area of the spot electrodes accounts for 6.25% of the area of the light-transmitting substrate.
  • a light-shielding layer 4 for sealing the adjustment layer 5 is further disposed between the transparent substrate 1 and the transparent substrate 2 .
  • the two electrodes of the electrode are respectively electrically connected to the two poles of the power component, and between the two transparent substrates, an adjustment layer 5 is disposed, and the adjustment layer 5 is filled with a particle dispersion, and the particle dispersion is composed of
  • the nanoparticles 6 are composed of a dispersion medium in which the particles 6 are charged.
  • the nanoparticles are TiO 2 colloidal particles having a particle size of 50 nm.
  • the invention provides a smart glass, which comprises a transparent substrate 1 and a transparent substrate 2, a power supply component and an electrode, and the two poles of the electrode are symmetrically disposed on the transparent substrate 1 and the transparent On the opposite surface of the substrate 2, the electrode comprises a plurality of discrete dot electrodes 3.
  • a light-shielding layer 4 for sealing the adjustment layer 5 is further disposed between the transparent substrate 1 and the transparent substrate 2 .
  • the electrode includes a plurality of dot electrodes 3 arranged in a matrix, the dot electrodes 3 are square, the square size is 100 ⁇ m*100 ⁇ m, the dot electrodes 3 are spaced apart from each other by 150 ⁇ m, and the circumference is closest to the partition
  • the spot electrode 3 of the electric layer 4 has a distance of 75 ⁇ m, and the total area of the electrodes accounts for 16% of the area of the light-transmitting substrate.
  • a light-shielding layer 4 for sealing the adjustment layer 5 is further disposed between the transparent substrate 1 and the transparent substrate 2 .
  • the two electrodes of the electrode are respectively electrically connected to the two poles of the power component, and between the two transparent substrates, an adjustment layer 5 is disposed, and the adjustment layer 5 is filled with a particle dispersion, and the particle dispersion is composed of
  • the nanoparticles 6 are composed of a dispersion medium in which the particles 6 are charged.
  • the nanoparticles are TiO 2 colloidal particles having a particle size of 50 nm.
  • the invention provides a smart glass, which comprises a transparent substrate 1 and a transparent substrate 2, a power supply component and an electrode, and the two poles of the electrode are symmetrically disposed on the transparent substrate 1 and the transparent On the opposite surface of the substrate 2, the electrode comprises a plurality of discrete dot electrodes 3.
  • a light-shielding layer 4 for sealing the adjustment layer 5 is further disposed between the transparent substrate 1 and the transparent substrate 2 .
  • the electrode comprises a plurality of dot electrodes 3 arranged in a matrix, the dot electrodes 3 are square, the square size is 150 ⁇ m*150 ⁇ m, the dot electrodes 3 are spaced apart from each other by 200 ⁇ m, and the circumference is closest to the partition
  • the spot electrode 3 of the electric layer 4 has a distance of 200 ⁇ m, and the total area of the electrode accounts for 17.64% of the area of the light-transmitting substrate.
  • a light-shielding layer 4 for sealing the adjustment layer 5 is further disposed between the transparent substrate 1 and the transparent substrate 2 .
  • the two electrodes of the electrode are respectively electrically connected to the two poles of the power component, and between the two transparent substrates, an adjustment layer 5 is disposed, and the adjustment layer 5 is filled with a particle dispersion, and the particle dispersion is composed of
  • the nanoparticles 6 are composed of a dispersion medium in which the particles 6 are charged.
  • the nanoparticles are ZnO colloidal particles having a particle size of 50 nm.
  • the invention provides a smart glass, which comprises a transparent substrate 1 and a transparent substrate 2, a power supply component and an electrode, and the two poles of the electrode are symmetrically disposed on the transparent substrate 1 and the transparent On the opposite surface of the substrate 2, the electrode comprises a plurality of discrete dot electrodes 3.
  • a light-shielding layer 4 for sealing the adjustment layer 5 is further disposed between the transparent substrate 1 and the transparent substrate 2 .
  • the electrode includes a plurality of dot electrodes 3 arranged in a matrix, the dot electrodes 3 are square, the square size is 350 ⁇ m*350 ⁇ m, and the dot electrodes 3 are spaced apart from each other by 500 ⁇ m, and the circumference is closest to the partition
  • the spot electrode 3 of the electric layer 4 has a distance of 50 ⁇ m, and the total area of the electrode accounts for 15.21% of the area of the light-transmitting substrate.
  • a light-shielding layer 4 for sealing the adjustment layer 5 is further disposed between the transparent substrate 1 and the transparent substrate 2 .
  • the two electrodes of the electrode are respectively electrically connected to the two poles of the power component, and between the two transparent substrates, an adjustment layer 5 is disposed, and the adjustment layer 5 is filled with a particle dispersion, and the particle dispersion is composed of
  • the nanoparticles 6 are composed of a dispersion medium in which the particles 6 are charged.
  • the nanoparticles are SnO 2 colloidal particles having a particle size of 500 nm.
  • the invention provides a smart glass, which comprises a transparent substrate 1 and a transparent substrate 2, a power supply component and an electrode, and the two poles of the electrode are symmetrically disposed on the transparent substrate 1 and the transparent On the opposite surface of the substrate 2, the electrode comprises a plurality of discrete dot electrodes 3.
  • a light-shielding layer 4 for sealing the adjustment layer 5 is further disposed between the transparent substrate 1 and the transparent substrate 2 .
  • the electrode includes a plurality of dot electrodes 3 arranged in a matrix, the dot electrodes 3 are square, the square size is 100 ⁇ m*100 ⁇ m, the dot electrodes 3 are spaced apart from each other by 500 ⁇ m, and the circumference is closest to the partition
  • the spot electrode 3 of the electric layer 4 has a distance of 300 ⁇ m, and the total area of the electrodes accounts for 0.8% of the area of the light-transmitting substrate.
  • a light-shielding layer 4 for sealing the adjustment layer 5 is further disposed between the transparent substrate 1 and the transparent substrate 2 .
  • the two electrodes of the electrode are respectively electrically connected to the two poles of the power component, and between the two transparent substrates, an adjustment layer 5 is disposed, and the adjustment layer 5 is filled with a particle dispersion, and the particle dispersion is composed of
  • the nanoparticles 6 are composed of a dispersion medium in which the particles 6 are charged.
  • the nanoparticles are In 2 O 3 colloidal particles, and the particle size of the particles 6 is 1000 nm.
  • the invention provides a smart glass, which comprises a transparent substrate 1 and a transparent substrate 2, a power supply component and an electrode, and the two poles of the electrode are symmetrically disposed on the transparent substrate 1 and the transparent On the opposite surface of the substrate 2, the electrode comprises a plurality of discrete dot electrodes 3.
  • a light-shielding layer 4 for sealing the adjustment layer 5 is further disposed between the transparent substrate 1 and the transparent substrate 2 .
  • the electrode includes a plurality of dot electrodes 3 arranged in a matrix, the dot electrodes 3 are square, the square size is 250 ⁇ m * 250 ⁇ m, the dot electrodes 3 are spaced apart from each other by 250 ⁇ m, and the circumference is closest to the partition
  • the spot electrode 3 of the electric layer 4 has a distance of 250 ⁇ m, and the total area of the electrodes accounts for 25% of the area of the light-transmitting substrate.
  • a light-shielding layer 4 for sealing the adjustment layer 5 is further disposed between the transparent substrate 1 and the transparent substrate 2 .
  • the two electrodes of the electrode are respectively electrically connected to the two poles of the power component, and between the two transparent substrates, an adjustment layer 5 is disposed, and the adjustment layer 5 is filled with a particle dispersion, and the particle dispersion is composed of
  • the nanoparticles 6 are composed of a dispersion medium in which the particles 6 are charged.
  • the nanoparticles are In 2 O 3 colloidal particles, and the particle size of the particles 6 is 1000 nm.

Abstract

一种智能玻璃，包括相对设置的两块透光基板（1、2）、电源组件及电极，电极的两极对称设于两块所述透光基板（1、2）相对的表面上，电极包括多个离散的点电极（3），电极的两极分别与电源组件的两极电性连接，两块透光基板（1、2）之间设有调节层（5），调节层（5）内填充有颗粒分散液，在电极未接入电压时，颗粒分散液中的颗粒（6）随机分散，智能玻璃呈磨砂态；在电极接入电压时，颗粒分散液中的颗粒（6）带电荷，颗粒（6）相对于所述点电极（3）聚拢，智能玻璃呈透明态。在未通电时，颗粒（6）随机分散，调节层（5）的反射率大，从而智能玻璃呈现磨砂态；在通电时，颗粒（6）极化带电，进而相对于点电极（3）聚拢，光线可以从点电极（3）之间的孔隙透过，所述调节层（5）的反射率小，从而智能玻璃呈现透明态。

Description

一种智能玻璃
技术领域
本发明涉及一种调光器件，尤其涉及一种智能玻璃。
背景技术
近年来，既美观新颖、又能透光、挡风和阻挡灰尘的玻璃幕墙、玻璃屋顶、玻璃结构已成为现代主义高层建筑时代的显著特征。但普通建筑玻璃不能自动调整自身性能以适应风、雨、光等环境变化，给我们带来了诸多不便。因此，人们在选择建筑玻璃时，除了考虑其美学特性和外观特征外，更注重其热量控制、制冷成本和内部阳光投射的舒适平衡等问题。在新型建筑朝着智能化方向发展的趋势下，能动态调节光照强度和室内温度的“智能玻璃”迅速成为各国研究的热点。
所谓智能玻璃，是一种由玻璃或其它透明材料等基材和调光材料所组成的调光智能器件，在一定的物理条件下，如光照、电场、温度等条件，器件会发生着色或褪色反应，改变自身的颜色状态，从而有选择性地吸收或反射外界的热辐射和阻止内部热扩散，达到可逆地调节光强度和室内温度的目的，有望用在下一代家庭或工业窗户上。
通常为了实现阳光透射和反射的目的，采用的手段是在玻璃上镀膜，使光线中某段波长的光可以被玻璃反射或透射，而根据不同的反光和透光需求，可以采取不同材质的膜。例如低辐射玻璃，是在玻璃表面镀由多层银、铜或锡等金属或其化合物组成的薄膜系，产品对可见光有较高的透射率，对红外线有很高的反射率，具有良好的隔热性能。但低辐射玻璃一般是单层平板玻璃，具有以下缺点：膜层强度较差，抗冲击性差、搬运和安装过程中容易被污染和划伤、透光性强、反射率高、光污染大、隔热隔音性能低、镀膜层容易脱落影响使用寿命等。最关键的一点是，人们想要通过智能玻璃实现冬暖夏凉，尤其是在我国大部分四季分明地区，这一需求更加迫切，然而镀膜玻璃无法满足这一需求，因为镀膜玻璃一旦结构形成，其光学性能就不能进行可逆调节，其光学性能不能随环境变化或个人喜好进行改变。同理，镀膜玻璃在成型后可满足对可见光中某段波长的光进行反射的前提下，也无法使该段波长的光能够重新从玻璃中透射。同时镀膜玻璃所采用的反光材料大多是基于金属和金属氧化物掺杂的离子晶体，构成这种玻璃的反光材料容易干扰导航和通信系统，这个缺点不利于镀膜玻璃窗在世界范围内进行普及与广泛应用。
目前，市场上还有一些通过电场作用来调光的产品，如液晶玻璃和电致变色玻璃，但是它们各自都有一些缺陷，限制其推广应用。液晶玻璃是通过电压作用使液晶分子的取向变得规整，从而实现液晶玻璃的颜色由不透明变为透明，液晶玻璃响应速度快，但是原始状态为不透明，需要通电才能转变为透明态，所需电压高且能耗大。电致变色玻璃是利用材料的电致变色特性制成的颜色及热辐射透过率可调的智能玻璃，所谓电致变色是指在电场和电流的作用下，材料通过电化学过程引起氧化还原反应而产生可逆变色的现象；电致变色玻璃具有能耗低和有颜色记忆效应的优点，但是它存在造价昂贵、响应速度慢、颜色保持时间短、循环可逆性差、加工制备工艺复杂的问题。
市面上现有的智能玻璃产品往往价格昂贵、响应时间较慢、制备工艺复杂而且质量较差，难以广泛地用于大量建筑中，开发一种能够根据环境变化或个人喜好随时进行可逆改变的智能玻璃，一种能够随时对人们的调光需求进行响应的智能玻璃具有非常重要的意义，也具有非常大的推广应用价值。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种智能玻璃。
本发明所采取的技术方案是：
一种智能玻璃，包括相对设置的两块透光基板、电源组件及电极，所述电极的两极对称设于两块所述透光基板相对的表面上，所述电极包括多个离散的点电极，所述电极的两极分别与所述电源组件的两极电性连接，两块所述透光基板之间设有调节层，所述调节层内填充有颗粒分散液，在所述电极未接入电压时，所述颗粒分散液中的颗粒随机分散，所述智能玻璃呈磨砂态；在所述电极接入电压时，所述颗粒分散液中的颗粒带电荷，所述颗粒相对于所述点电极聚拢，所述智能玻璃呈透明态。
优选地，所述电极的总面积占所述透光基板的面积的百分比小于等于25%。
优选地，所述颗粒分散液由纳米颗粒与分散介质组成。
优选地，所述颗粒为TiO2胶体颗粒、ZnO胶体颗粒、SnO2胶体颗粒、In2O3胶体颗粒中的至少一种。
优选地，所述颗粒粒径为50-1000nm。
优选地，所述电极包括多个呈矩阵排列的点电极。
进一步优选地，相邻的所述点电极之间的间隔为150-500μm。
优选地，所述点电极为正方形。
进一步优选地，所述正方形边长为100-400μm。
优选地，所述两块透光基板之间还设有将所述调节层密封的隔电层。本发明的有益效果是：
本发明提供了一种智能玻璃，包括相对设置的两块透光基板、电源组件及电极，所述电极的两极对称设于两块所述透光基板相对的表面上，所述电极包括多个离散的点电极，所述电极的两极分别与所述电源组件的两极电性连接，两块所述透光基板之间设有调节层，所述调节层内填充有颗粒分散液，在所述电极未接入电压时，所述颗粒分散液中的颗粒随机分散，所述智能玻璃呈磨砂态；在所述电极接入电压时，所述颗粒分散液中的颗粒带电荷，所述颗粒相对于所述点电极聚拢，所述智能玻璃呈透明态。在未通电时，所述颗粒随机分散，光线很难从智能玻璃透过，所述调节区的反射率大，从而智能玻璃呈现磨砂态，即不透明态；在通电时，所述颗粒极化带电，进而相对于所述点电极聚拢，光线可以从点电极之间的孔隙透过，所述调节区的反射率小，从而智能玻璃呈现透明态，通过调节所述电极的接入电压可以控制所述颗粒的聚拢程度，可以进一步调整调节层的折射率和反射率，本发明所述智能玻璃可通过电场变化实现透光与不透光的调节，响应速度快，且对导航和通讯等系统没有干扰，智能玻璃的制备过程简单且成本低廉。
附图说明
图1为电极未接入电压时智能玻璃的截面图；
图2为电极接入电压时智能玻璃的截面图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例和附图对本发明的构思、具体结构及产生的技术效果进行清楚、完整地描述，以充分地理解本发明的目的、特征和效果。显然，所描述的实施例只是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部实施例，基于本发明的实施例，本领域的技术人员在不付出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的其他实施例，均属于本发明保护的范围。另外，专利中涉及到的所有联接/连接关系，并非单指构件直接相接，而是指可根据具体实施情况，通过添加或减少联接辅件，来组成更优的联接结构。本发明创造中的各个技术特征，在不互相矛盾冲突的前提下可以交互组合。
本发明提供了一种智能玻璃，包括相对设置的透光基板一1和透光基板二2、电源组件及电极，所述电极的两极对称设于所述透光基板一1和所述透光基板二2相对的表面上，所述电极包括多个离散的点电极3。在优选的实施例中，所述电极包括多个呈矩阵排列的点电极3，所述点电极之间的间隔为150-500μm，所述点电极3为正方形，所述正方形边长为100-400μm。所述电极的总面积占所述透光基板的面积的百分比小于等于25%。所述透光基板一1和所述透光基板二2之间还设有将所述调节层5密封的隔电层4。所述电极的两极分别与所述电源组件的两极电性连接，两块所述透光基板之间设有调节层5，所述调节层5内填充有颗粒分散液，所述颗粒分散液由纳米颗粒6与分散介质组成。所述纳米颗粒为TiO2胶体颗粒、ZnO胶体颗粒、SnO2胶体颗粒、In2O3胶体颗粒中的至少一种，所述颗粒6的粒径为50-1000nm。
参照图1，在所述电极未接入电压时，所述颗粒分散液中的颗粒6随机分散，光线很难从智能玻璃透过，能够均匀分散在溶剂中，所述调节区4的反射率大，所述智能玻璃呈现磨砂态，即不透明态。
参照图2，在所述电极接入电压时，所述颗粒分散液中的颗粒6极化带电，所述颗粒分散液中的颗粒6带电荷，所述颗粒分散液中的颗粒6相对于所述点电极3聚拢，所述颗粒6在两块所述透光基板间呈垂直于所述透光基板的直行排列，光线可以从点电极3之间的孔隙透过，所述电极3的总面积占所述透光基板的面积的百分比小于等于25%，剩余的75%以上的面积光线可以顺利通过，所述调节层5的透射率很大，从而智能玻璃呈现透明态。
通过调节所述电极的接入电压可以控制所述颗粒6的聚拢程度，可以进一步调整所述调节层5的折射率和反射率，本发明所述智能玻璃可通过电场变化实现透光与不透光的调节，可以根据人们的意愿随时对玻璃的光学性能进行调节；所述颗粒6自组装成直行排列所需时间短，电响应速度快，而且所需电压较低，远低于液晶调光玻璃所需电压；本发明所述智能玻璃具有双稳态性能，除去电压后，所述颗粒6的直行排列的状态可以在一段时间内继续保持，可以减少能耗；本发明所述智能玻璃对导航和通讯等系统没有干扰，智能玻璃的制备过程简单且成本低廉；本发明所述智能玻璃的制备过程安全便捷，易于操作，便于实施且原材料成本低廉；本发明所述智能玻璃可以用于高档宾馆、别墅、写字楼、办公楼、浴室门窗、厨房门窗、温室等众多领域；本发明所述智能玻璃具有良好的采光功能和视线遮蔽功能，又具有一定的节能性和装饰效果，是普通透明玻璃和着色玻璃无法比拟的高新技术产品，具有无限宽广的应用前景。
实施例1：
本发明提供了一种智能玻璃，包括相对设置的透光基板一1和透光基板二2、电源组件及电极，所述电极的两极对称设于所述透光基板一1和所述透光基板二2相对的表面上，所述电极包括多个离散的点电极3。所述透光基板一1和所述透光基板二2之间还设有将所述调节层5密封的隔电层4。所述电极包括多个呈矩阵排列的点电极3，所述点电极3为正方形，所述正方形尺寸为100μm*100μm，所述点电极3相互之间的间距为300μm，四周最靠近所述隔电层4的点电极3距离为150μm，所述点电极的总面积占所述透光基板的面积的6.25%。所述透光基板一1和所述透光基板二2之间还设有将所述调节层5密封的隔电层4。所述电极的两极分别与所述电源组件的两极电性连接，两块所述透光基板之间设有调节层5，所述调节层5内填充有颗粒分散液，所述颗粒分散液由纳米颗粒6与分散介质组成，所述颗粒分散液中的颗粒6带电荷。所述纳米颗粒为TiO2胶体颗粒，所述颗粒6的粒径为50nm。
实施例2：
本发明提供了一种智能玻璃，包括相对设置的透光基板一1和透光基板二2、电源组件及电极，所述电极的两极对称设于所述透光基板一1和所述透光基板二2相对的表面上，所述电极包括多个离散的点电极3。所述透光基板一1和所述透光基板二2之间还设有将所述调节层5密封的隔电层4。所述电极包括多个呈矩阵排列的点电极3，所述点电极3为正方形，所述正方形尺寸为100μm*100μm，所述点电极3相互之间的间距为150μm，四周最靠近所述隔电层4的点电极3距离为75μm，所述电极的总面积占所述透光基板的面积的16%。所述透光基板一1和所述透光基板二2之间还设有将所述调节层5密封的隔电层4。所述电极的两极分别与所述电源组件的两极电性连接，两块所述透光基板之间设有调节层5，所述调节层5内填充有颗粒分散液，所述颗粒分散液由纳米颗粒6与分散介质组成，所述颗粒分散液中的颗粒6带电荷。所述纳米颗粒为TiO2胶体颗粒，所述颗粒6的粒径为50nm。
实施例3：
本发明提供了一种智能玻璃，包括相对设置的透光基板一1和透光基板二2、电源组件及电极，所述电极的两极对称设于所述透光基板一1和所述透光基板二2相对的表面上，所述电极包括多个离散的点电极3。所述透光基板一1和所述透光基板二2之间还设有将所述调节层5密封的隔电层4。所述电极包括多个呈矩阵排列的点电极3，所述点电极3为正方形，所述正方形尺寸为150μm*150μm，所述点电极3相互之间的间距为200μm，四周最靠近所述隔电层4的点电极3距离为200μm，所述电极的总面积占所述透光基板的面积的17.64%。所述透光基板一1和所述透光基板二2之间还设有将所述调节层5密封的隔电层4。所述电极的两极分别与所述电源组件的两极电性连接，两块所述透光基板之间设有调节层5，所述调节层5内填充有颗粒分散液，所述颗粒分散液由纳米颗粒6与分散介质组成，所述颗粒分散液中的颗粒6带电荷。所述纳米颗粒为ZnO胶体颗粒，所述颗粒6的粒径为50nm。
实施例4：
本发明提供了一种智能玻璃，包括相对设置的透光基板一1和透光基板二2、电源组件及电极，所述电极的两极对称设于所述透光基板一1和所述透光基板二2相对的表面上，所述电极包括多个离散的点电极3。所述透光基板一1和所述透光基板二2之间还设有将所述调节层5密封的隔电层4。所述电极包括多个呈矩阵排列的点电极3，所述点电极3为正方形，所述正方形尺寸为350μm*350μm，所述点电极3相互之间的间距为500μm，四周最靠近所述隔电层4的点电极3距离为50μm，所述电极的总面积占所述透光基板的面积的15.21%。所述透光基板一1和所述透光基板二2之间还设有将所述调节层5密封的隔电层4。所述电极的两极分别与所述电源组件的两极电性连接，两块所述透光基板之间设有调节层5，所述调节层5内填充有颗粒分散液，所述颗粒分散液由纳米颗粒6与分散介质组成，所述颗粒分散液中的颗粒6带电荷。所述纳米颗粒为SnO2胶体颗粒，所述颗粒6的粒径为500nm。
实施例5：
本发明提供了一种智能玻璃，包括相对设置的透光基板一1和透光基板二2、电源组件及电极，所述电极的两极对称设于所述透光基板一1和所述透光基板二2相对的表面上，所述电极包括多个离散的点电极3。所述透光基板一1和所述透光基板二2之间还设有将所述调节层5密封的隔电层4。所述电极包括多个呈矩阵排列的点电极3，所述点电极3为正方形，所述正方形尺寸为100μm*100μm，所述点电极3相互之间的间距为500μm，四周最靠近所述隔电层4的点电极3距离为300μm，所述电极的总面积占所述透光基板的面积的0.8%。所述透光基板一1和所述透光基板二2之间还设有将所述调节层5密封的隔电层4。所述电极的两极分别与所述电源组件的两极电性连接，两块所述透光基板之间设有调节层5，所述调节层5内填充有颗粒分散液，所述颗粒分散液由纳米颗粒6与分散介质组成，所述颗粒分散液中的颗粒6带电荷。所述纳米颗粒为In2O3胶体颗粒，所述颗粒6的粒径为1000nm。
实施例6：
本发明提供了一种智能玻璃，包括相对设置的透光基板一1和透光基板二2、电源组件及电极，所述电极的两极对称设于所述透光基板一1和所述透光基板二2相对的表面上，所述电极包括多个离散的点电极3。所述透光基板一1和所述透光基板二2之间还设有将所述调节层5密封的隔电层4。所述电极包括多个呈矩阵排列的点电极3，所述点电极3为正方形，所述正方形尺寸为250μm*250μm，所述点电极3相互之间的间距为250μm，四周最靠近所述隔电层4的点电极3距离为250μm，所述电极的总面积占所述透光基板的面积的25%。所述透光基板一1和所述透光基板二2之间还设有将所述调节层5密封的隔电层4。所述电极的两极分别与所述电源组件的两极电性连接，两块所述透光基板之间设有调节层5，所述调节层5内填充有颗粒分散液，所述颗粒分散液由纳米颗粒6与分散介质组成，所述颗粒分散液中的颗粒6带电荷。所述纳米颗粒为In2O3胶体颗粒，所述颗粒6的粒径为1000nm。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种智能玻璃，其特征在于，包括相对设置的两块透光基板、电源组件及电极，所述电极的两极对称设于两块所述透光基板相对的表面上，所述电极包括多个离散的点电极，所述电极的两极分别与所述电源组件的两极电性连接，两块所述透光基板之间设有调节层，所述调节层内填充有颗粒分散液，在所述电极未接入电压时，所述颗粒分散液中的颗粒随机分散，所述智能玻璃呈磨砂态；在所述电极接入电压时，所述颗粒分散液中的颗粒带电荷，所述颗粒相对于所述点电极聚拢，所述智能玻璃呈透明态。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的智能玻璃，其特征在于，所述电极的总面积占所述透光基板的面积的百分比小于等于25%。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的智能玻璃，其特征在于，所述颗粒分散液由纳米颗粒与分散介质组成。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的智能玻璃，其特征在于，所述颗粒为TiO2胶体颗粒、ZnO胶体颗粒、SnO2胶体颗粒、In2O3胶体颗粒中的至少一种。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的智能玻璃，其特征在于，所述颗粒粒径为50-1000nm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的智能玻璃，其特征在于，所述电极包括多个呈矩阵排列的点电极。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的智能玻璃，其特征在于，相邻的所述点电极之间的间隔为150-500μm。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的智能玻璃，其特征在于，所述点电极为正方形。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的智能玻璃，其特征在于，所述正方形边长为100-400μm。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的智能玻璃，其特征在于，所述两块透光基板之间还设有将所述调节层密封的隔电层。
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