WO2017084500A1 - 一种感应加热器、3d打印机挤出机 - Google Patents

一种感应加热器、3d打印机挤出机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017084500A1
WO2017084500A1 PCT/CN2016/104485 CN2016104485W WO2017084500A1 WO 2017084500 A1 WO2017084500 A1 WO 2017084500A1 CN 2016104485 W CN2016104485 W CN 2016104485W WO 2017084500 A1 WO2017084500 A1 WO 2017084500A1
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eddy current
heating block
hole
induction heater
extruder
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PCT/CN2016/104485
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李乾勇
李丽
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李乾勇
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of printing equipment, in particular to an induction heater and a 3D printer extruder.
  • 3D printing is a kind of rapid prototyping technology. It is a technique for constructing objects by layer-by-layer printing based on digital model files and using adhesive materials such as powder metal or plastic. It is often used in the manufacture of molds in the fields of mold manufacturing, industrial design, etc., and is gradually used for the direct manufacture of some products. There are already parts printed using this technology.
  • FDM Fused Deposition Modeling
  • SLS Selective Laser Sintering
  • SLA Stereo lithography Apparatus
  • the fused deposition process which melts and melts a filamentous hot-melt material, extrudes the material through an extruder with a fine nozzle, and causes the molten silk material to form a three-dimensional model cross-section in a plane, each cross-section Layers are superimposed to form a three-dimensional entity. Since the FDM process does not require the support of a laser system, the molding materials used are relatively inexpensive, the overall cost performance is high, and the maintenance is simple, which is also a technical solution mainly adopted by many desktop-level 3D printers.
  • the extruders based on FDM technology for desktop-grade 3D printers mainly use ABS and PLA as materials, and cannot print crystals with non-fixed melting points such as glass and various metals, which limits the application fields and markets of desktop-level 3D printers. Promotion.
  • the invention also provides a 3D printer extruder, which solves the previous FDM technology-based 3D printer extruder can only extrude low melting point materials such as ABS plastic and PAL plastic, and cannot print non-fixed melting point such as glass. Crystals and problems with higher melting metals.
  • the shape of the eddy current induction heating block matches the shape of the inner cavity of the heat shield.
  • the eddy current induction heating block has a cylindrical shape.
  • the heater further includes a heat sink having a through hole in the middle, the heat sink is disposed above the upper bottom wall, and the through hole of the heat sink communicates with the through hole on the upper bottom wall.
  • the print nozzle attached to the lower end of the heat shield can be replaced with a print nozzle having nozzle nozzles of different sizes.
  • a 3D printer extruder is characterized in that the extruder comprises a feeding mechanism and an induction heater, and the feeding structure is arranged above the induction heater to feed the material filament into the through hole of the eddy current induction heating block.
  • the feeding mechanism comprises a stepping motor, an extrusion wheel and a driven wheel, and the rotating shaft of the stepping motor is connected with the extrusion wheel, and the extrusion wheel cooperates with the driven wheel to take the material wire from the extrusion wheel and the slave
  • the moving wheels are squeezed into the through holes of the eddy current induction heating block.
  • the extruder includes a fan for adjusting the solidification speed of the melted material filament, the air outlet of the fan facing the printing nozzle.
  • the extruder includes a fan for accelerating heat dissipation of the radiator, and the air outlet of the fan faces the radiator.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the heating temperature range of the induction heater can be precisely adjusted between several tens of degrees and thousands of degrees, so that the low melting point material can be melted, the high melting point material can be melted, and the material filament is heated very uniformly;
  • 3D printer extruder can not only complete the printing of plastics such as ABS, but also can complete the printing work on glass and metal, which can meet the application of many fields.
  • Figure 1 is a half cross-sectional view of the induction heater
  • Figure 2 is a half cross-sectional view of the induction heater
  • Figure 3 is a three-dimensional structural schematic view of a 3D printer extruder
  • Figure 4 is a front elevational view of a 3D printer extruder.
  • Figure 1 Material wire, 2. Heat sink, 3. Induction coil, 4. Heat shield, 5. Eddy current induction heating block, 6. Print nozzle, 7. Melted material wire, 8. Stepper motor, 9. Extrusion wheel, 10. driven wheel, 11. fan for accelerating heat dissipation of the radiator, 12. fan for adjusting the solidification speed of the melted material wire;
  • This embodiment provides an induction heater that is primarily used to heat a wire of material.
  • the heater is mainly formed by a lower end opening hollow inner heat shield 4 formed by the upper bottom wall 41 and the outer peripheral wall 42, and an induction coil 3 sleeved on the outer surface of the outer peripheral wall 42 is disposed at the partition.
  • the eddy current induction heating block 5 inside the heat shield 4 and the printing nozzle 6 connected to the lower end of the heat shield are composed.
  • the printing nozzle 6 and the heat shield 4 are connected to form an insulating cavity to prevent the heat generated by the eddy current induction heating block 5 from overflowing.
  • the eddy current induction heating block 5 is made of a material resistant to high temperature, and the heat shield 4 and the printing nozzle 6 are made of a material resistant to high temperature and heat.
  • the eddy current induction heating block 5 is made of a metal material having a melting point of 1500 degrees or more, such as metal tungsten
  • the heat shield 4 is made of high temperature resistant ceramic
  • the printing nozzle 6 is made of high temperature resistant ceramic.
  • the induction coil 3 is made of a metal wire.
  • a medium-high frequency current is passed through the induction coil 3 to induce an eddy current inside the eddy current induction heating block 5, and the temperature of the eddy current induction heating block 5 is raised by the eddy current, thereby entering the through hole 51 of the eddy current induction heating block 5.
  • the material filament 1 is heated to a molten state. According to the difference of the material wires 1, by precisely controlling the magnitude and frequency of the current in the induction coil 3, the heating temperature of the eddy current induction heating block 5 can be accurately controlled, and the temperature variation coverage can be from several tens of degrees to thousands of degrees, and then melted. Material filaments of different melting points.
  • the shape of the eddy current induction heating block 5 matches the shape of the inner cavity of the heat shield 4.
  • the eddy current induction heating block 5 is cylindrical in shape, the inner cavity of the heat shield 4 is also cylindrical, and the outer peripheral wall 42 of the heat shield 4 is also circular in cross section, and the induction coil 3 is The cross section is also circular. In this way, the electromagnetic induction effect is better, and the heating efficiency is higher.
  • the aperture of the through hole 51 provided in the eddy current induction heating block 5 is matched with the outer diameter of the material filament 1, so that the heat conduction effect is better.
  • the material of the heat sink 2 also needs to be made of a high temperature resistant material, and this embodiment is made of a thermally conductive ceramic.
  • the extruder includes a feeding mechanism and the induction heater described in Embodiment 1.
  • the feed structure is disposed above the induction heater to feed the material filament 1 into the through hole 51 of the eddy current induction heating block 5. If the induction heater is provided with the heat sink 2, the material filament 1 passes through the heat sink 2 and enters the inside of the induction heater.
  • the feeding mechanism includes a stepping motor 8, an extruding wheel 9 and a driven wheel 10, and the rotating shaft of the stepping motor is connected to the extruding wheel 9.
  • the extrusion wheel 9 cooperates with the driven wheel 10 to squeeze the material filament 1 from the extrusion wheel 9 and the driven wheel 10 into the through hole 51 of the eddy current induction heating block 5.
  • the extrusion wheel 9 and the driven wheel 10 are high temperature resistant ceramic materials
  • the heat shield 4, and the printing nozzle 6 are high temperature resistant ceramic materials
  • the heat sink 2 is a high temperature resistant ceramic material.
  • the stepping motor 8 drives the extrusion wheel 9 to squeeze the material filament 1 into the induction heater for heating.
  • a medium-high frequency current is passed through the induction coil 3 around the induction heater, thereby inducing eddy currents inside the eddy current induction heating block 5 in the induction heater, causing the eddy current induction heating block 5 to generate heat, thereby heating the melted material wire.
  • the melted material filament 1 is continuously squeezed by the printing nozzle 6 at the bottom of the induction heater. Out, and then 3D printing.
  • the size of the current in the coil and the frequency of the current can be easily and precisely adjusted to the temperature required for heating, thus enabling 3D printing of different material types.
  • the extruder may be provided with a fan 12 for adjusting the solidification speed of the melted material filament, the air outlet of the fan facing the printing nozzle.
  • the function is to adjust the solidification speed of the melted material yarn 7 by controlling the air volume of the fan 12 according to the type of the material filament, thereby forming an accurate 3D printing model.
  • the extruder may be provided with a fan 11 for accelerating the heat dissipation of the radiator, and the air outlet of the fan 11 faces the radiator 2. Its function is: to accelerate the heat dissipation of the radiator 2, to avoid excessive softening of the upper material wire, and to affect the extrusion of the material filament by the extrusion wheel

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)

Abstract

一种3D打印机挤出机，包括送料机构和感应加热器，送料结构设置在感应加热器上方，感应加热器主要由上底壁（41）和外周壁（42）连接形成的下端开口内部中空的隔热罩（4）、套在外周壁（42）外表面的感应线圈（3）、设置在隔热罩（4）内部的涡流感应加热块（5）和连接在隔热罩（4）下端的打印喷嘴（6）组成，涡流感应加热块（5）的内部设有贯通整个涡流感应加热块（5）的通孔（51），该通孔（51）的下端与打印喷嘴（6）相通，通孔（51）的上端与上底壁（41）上设置的过孔（43）相通。该3D打印机挤出机可完成对塑料的打印，也可完成对玻璃、金属的打印。该3D打印机克服了普通的3D打印机只能挤出低熔点材料，无法打印非固定熔点的晶体和具有较高熔点金属的问题。

Description

一种感应加热器、3D打印机挤出机 技术领域
本发明涉及打印设备技术领域，尤其是涉及一种感应加热器、3D打印机挤出机。
背景技术
3D打印是快速成型技术的一种，它是一种以数字模型文件为基础，运用粉末状金属或塑料等可粘合材料，通过逐层打印的方式来构造物体的技术。常在模具制造、工业设计等领域被用于制造模型，后逐渐用于一些产品的直接制造，已经有使用这种技术打印而成的零部件。
3D打印技术中最主要的技术有：熔融沉积成型工艺(Fused Deposition Modeling，FDM)、择性激光烧结工艺(Selective Laser Sintering，SLS)、立体光固化成型工艺(Stereo lithography Apparatus，SLA)。
熔融沉积工艺(FDM)，它将丝状的热熔性材料进行加热融化，通过带有微细喷嘴的挤出机把材料挤出来，使熔融的丝材料在平面生成三维模型截面的形状，各截面再层层叠加，最终形成三维实体。由于FDM工艺无需激光系统的支持，所用的成型材料也相对低廉，总体性价比高，维护简单，这也是众多桌面级3D打印机主要采用的技术方案。
然而，现阶段基于FDM技术的桌面级3D打印机的挤出机主要以ABS和PLA为材料，不能打印玻璃等具有非固定熔点的晶体以及各种金属，限制了桌面级3D打印机的应用领域和市场推广。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：针对现有技术存在的问题，提供一种感应加热器，该感应加热器解决传统3D打印机的加热器只能融化低熔点的材料的问题。
本发明还提供3D打印机挤出机，该挤出机解决以往一个基于FDM技术的3D打印机挤出机只能挤出ABS塑料和PAL塑料等低熔点的材料，无法打印玻璃等具有非固定熔点的晶体和具有较高熔点金属的问题。
本发明的发明目的通过以下技术方案来实现：
一种感应加热器，用于对材料丝进行加热，其特征在于，该加热器主要由上底壁和外周壁连接形成的下端开口内部中空的隔热罩、套在所述外周壁外表面的感应线圈、设置在隔热罩内部的涡流感应加热块和连接在隔热罩下端的打印喷嘴组成，所述涡流感应加热块的内部设有贯通整个涡流感应加热块的通孔，该通孔的下端与打印喷嘴相通，通孔的上端与上底壁上设置的过孔相通。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述涡流感应加热块的形状与隔热罩的内部空腔形状相匹配。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述涡流感应加热块外形为圆柱形。
作为进一步的技术方案，涡流感应加热块上设置的通孔的孔径与材料丝的外径相匹配。
作为进一步的技术方案，该加热器还包括中部设有通孔的散热器，该散热器设在上底壁的上方，散热器的通孔与上底壁上的过孔相通。
作为进一步的技术方案，连接在隔热罩下端的打印喷嘴能更换为具有不同大小喷嘴口的打印喷嘴。
一种3D打印机挤出机，其特征在于，该挤出机包括送料机构和感应加热器，所述送料结构设置在感应加热器上方，将材料丝送入涡流感应加热块的通孔中。
作为进一步的技术方案，该送料机构包括步进电机、挤出轮和从动轮，步进电机的转轴与挤出轮连接，挤出轮与从动轮配合作用，将材料丝从挤出轮和从动轮之间挤入涡流感应加热块的通孔中。
作为进一步的技术方案，该挤出机包括用于调节融化后的材料丝的凝固速度的风扇，该风扇的出风口对着打印喷嘴。
作为进一步的技术方案，该挤出机包括用于加快散热器散热的风扇，该风扇的出风口对着散热器。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：
1、感应加热器的加热温度范围可以在几十度到上千度之间精确调控，从而既可以融化低熔点的材料，也可以融化高熔点的材料，且材料丝的受热非常均匀；
2、3D打印机挤出机既可以完成对ABS等塑料的打印，也可以完成对玻璃、金属的打印工作，能满足多领域的应用。
附图说明
图1是感应加热器的半剖结构示意图；
图2是感应加热器的半剖视图；
图3是3D打印机挤出机的三维立体结构示意图；
图4是3D打印机挤出机的前视图。
附图标注说明：
图中1.材料丝，2.散热器，3.感应线圈，4.隔热罩，5.涡流感应加热块，6.打印喷嘴，7.融化的材料丝，8.步进电机，9.挤出轮，10.从动轮，11.用于加快散热器散热的风扇，12.用于调节融化后的材料丝的凝固速度的风扇；
21.为翅片，22为连接柱，41.上底壁，42.下底壁，43.过孔，51.通孔。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种感应加热器，其主要用于对材料丝进行加热。如图1和图2所示，该加热器主要由上底壁41和外周壁42连接形成的下端开口内部中空的隔热罩4、套在外周壁42外表面的感应线圈3、设置在隔热罩4内部的涡流感应加热块5和连接在隔热罩下端的打印喷嘴6组成。打印喷嘴6和隔热罩4连接后形成一个隔热空腔，防止涡流感应加热块5产生的热量溢出。涡流感应加热块5的内部设有贯通整个涡流感应加热块5的通孔51，该通孔51的下端与打印喷嘴6相通，通孔51的上端与上底壁41上设置的过孔43相通。
其中，涡流感应加热块5采用耐高温的材料制成，隔热罩4和打印喷嘴6采用耐高温且隔热的材料制成。在本实施例，涡流感应加热块5采用熔点在1500度以上的金属材料制成，如金属钨等，隔热罩4采用耐高温隔热陶瓷制成，打印喷嘴6采用耐高温隔热陶瓷制成，感应线圈3采用金属导线。
在感应线圈3中通以中高频电流，从而在涡流感应加热块5的内部感应出涡流，通过涡流使涡流感应加热块5的温度升高，从而使进入涡流感应加热块5的通孔51的材料丝1被加热至熔融状态。根据材料丝1的不同，通过精确控制感应线圈3中电流的大小和频率，可以精确的控制涡流感应加热块5的发热温度，温度变化的覆盖范围可以从几十度到上千度，进而融化不同熔点的材料丝1。熔融状态的材料丝7经过感 应加热器底部的打印喷嘴6挤出后便可用于堆积形成3D模型。通过更换具有不同直径大小喷嘴口的打印喷嘴6，可以挤出不同直径大小的融化材料丝7，进而打印各种精度的3D产品。
另外，为了有效利用空间，且使得加热效率更高，涡流感应加热块5的形状与隔热罩4的内部空腔形状相匹配。
为了再次提高加热效率，涡流感应加热块5外形设计为圆柱形，隔热罩4的内部空腔也呈圆柱形，隔热罩4的外周壁42的横截面也呈圆形，感应线圈3的横截面也为圆形。这样电磁感应效果更好，进而加热效率更高。
为了再次提高加热效率，涡流感应加热块5上设置的通孔51的孔径与材料丝1的外径相匹配，这样热传导效果更好。
为了避免位于上底壁41上方的材料丝1过度软化，该加热器还包括中部设有通孔的散热器2，该散热器2设在上底壁41的上方，散热器41的通孔与上底壁41上的过孔相通。
散热器2的材料也需要耐高温材料制成，本实施例采用导热陶瓷制成。
本实施例的散热器2由连接柱22和翅片21组成，连接柱22中部开设通孔，翅片21呈环状，套接在连接柱22上。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种3D打印机挤出机，如图3、图4所示，该挤出机包括送料机构和实施例1中记载的感应加热器。送料结构设置在感应加热器上方，将材料丝1送入涡流感应加热块5的通孔51中。若感应加热器设置有散热器2，则材料丝1穿过散热器2后，进入到感应加热器内部。
送料机构包括步进电机8、挤出轮9和从动轮10，步进电机的转轴与挤出轮9连接。挤出轮9与从动轮10配合作用，将材料丝1从挤出轮9和从动轮10之间挤入涡流感应加热块5的通孔51中。
挤出机中与材料丝1相接触的部件中，挤出轮9和从动轮10、隔热罩4、打印喷嘴6均为耐高温隔热陶瓷材料，散热器2为耐高温导热陶瓷材料，以适应挤出熔点较高的材料丝。在进行打印时，步进电机8带动挤出轮9，将材料丝1挤入感应加热器中加热。在感应加热器外围的感应线圈3中通以中高频电流，以此在感应加热器中的涡流感应加热块5内部感应出涡流，使涡流感应加热块5发热，进而加热融化材料丝。在不断挤入材料丝1的同时，融化的材料丝1不断经感应加热器底部的打印喷嘴6挤 出，进而进行3D打印。
在打印熔点在400摄氏度以上的材料时，要求在工作空间中充满氮气，以避免感应金属部件和金属材料丝被氧化。根据材料丝类型的不同，通过调节线圈中电流大小和电流频率的大小可以方便精确的调控至需要加热的温度,进而实现不同材料类型的3D打印。
另外，该挤出机还可设置用于调节融化后的材料丝的凝固速度的风扇12，该风扇的出风口对着打印喷嘴。其作用是，根据材料丝类型的不同，通过控制风扇12的出风量，进而调节融化后的材料丝7的凝固速度，从而形成精确的3D打印模型。
另外，挤出机还可设置用于加快散热器散热的风扇11，该风扇11的出风口对着散热器2。其作用是：用于加快散热器2的散热，避免上部的材料丝过度软化，影响挤出轮对材料丝的挤出作用
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，应当指出的是，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种感应加热器，用于对材料丝进行加热，其特征在于，该加热器主要由上底壁和外周壁连接形成的下端开口内部中空的隔热罩、套在所述外周壁外表面的感应线圈、设置在隔热罩内部的涡流感应加热块和连接在隔热罩下端的打印喷嘴组成，所述涡流感应加热块的内部设有贯通整个涡流感应加热块的通孔，该通孔的下端与打印喷嘴相通，通孔的上端与上底壁上设置的过孔相通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种感应加热器，其特征在于，所述涡流感应加热块的形状与隔热罩的内部空腔形状相匹配。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种感应加热器，其特征在于，所述涡流感应加热块外形为圆柱形。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种感应加热器，其特征在于，涡流感应加热块上设置的通孔的孔径与材料丝的外径相匹配。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种感应加热器，其特征在于，该加热器还包括中部设有通孔的散热器，该散热器设在上底壁的上方，散热器的通孔与上底壁上的过孔相通。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种感应加热器，其特征在于，连接在隔热罩下端的打印喷嘴能更换为具有不同大小喷嘴口的打印喷嘴。
  7. 一种应用权利要求1所述感应加热器的3D打印机挤出机，其特征在于，该挤出机包括送料机构和感应加热器，所述送料结构设置在感应加热器上方，将材料丝送入涡流感应加热块的通孔中。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种3D打印机挤出机，其特征在于，该送料机构包括步进电机、挤出轮和从动轮，步进电机的转轴与挤出轮连接，挤出轮与从动轮配合作用，将材料丝从挤出轮和从动轮之间挤入涡流感应加热块的通孔中。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的一种3D打印机挤出机，其特征在于，该挤出机包括用于调节融化后的材料丝的凝固速度的风扇，该风扇的出风口对着打印喷嘴。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的一种3D打印机挤出机，其特征在于，该挤出机包括用于加快散热器散热的风扇，该风扇的出风口对着散热器。
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