WO2017084466A1 - 游标显示的浮球式液位计 - Google Patents

游标显示的浮球式液位计 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017084466A1
WO2017084466A1 PCT/CN2016/102648 CN2016102648W WO2017084466A1 WO 2017084466 A1 WO2017084466 A1 WO 2017084466A1 CN 2016102648 W CN2016102648 W CN 2016102648W WO 2017084466 A1 WO2017084466 A1 WO 2017084466A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cursor
vernier
float
guide rail
liquid level
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/102648
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2017084466A8 (zh
Inventor
王嘉贤
王翱岸
王晓日
高臻强
Original Assignee
大连嘉信机电仪表有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201510815681.1A external-priority patent/CN105277258B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201520942785.4U external-priority patent/CN205120210U/zh
Application filed by 大连嘉信机电仪表有限公司 filed Critical 大连嘉信机电仪表有限公司
Priority to ES16865644T priority Critical patent/ES2818572T3/es
Priority to RU2018121963A priority patent/RU2689290C1/ru
Priority to US15/777,487 priority patent/US10788354B2/en
Priority to JP2018526631A priority patent/JP6549798B2/ja
Priority to EP16865644.5A priority patent/EP3379211B1/en
Publication of WO2017084466A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017084466A1/zh
Publication of WO2017084466A8 publication Critical patent/WO2017084466A8/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/30—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by floats
    • G01F23/64—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by floats of the free float type without mechanical transmission elements
    • G01F23/72—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by floats of the free float type without mechanical transmission elements using magnetically actuated indicating means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/30—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by floats
    • G01F23/40—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by floats using bands or wires as transmission elements
    • G01F23/46—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by floats using bands or wires as transmission elements using magnetically actuated indicating means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/30—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by floats
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/30—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by floats
    • G01F23/76—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by floats characterised by the construction of the float

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a liquid level measuring device, in particular to a floating ball type liquid level meter which is displayed by a cursor.
  • the existing in-place indicating liquid level gauges are glass plate type, magnetic flap type (column) type, buoy type, two-color water level meter and the like.
  • the glass plate type can only be visually observed at close range. It is difficult to visually cover the dust or be contaminated by the medium, and the pressure resistance is limited.
  • the magnetic flap (column) structure is relatively complicated and prone to garbled characters.
  • the magnetic steel in the float ball also has the problem of high temperature demagnetization, which affects its long-term use.
  • the imported magnetic float ball level gauge although resistant to high temperature, is used. After 4 to 5 years, the float has to be replaced due to the demagnetization of the magnetic steel inside the float.
  • the two-color water level gauge is suitable for a narrow range of media and is also limited in pressure resistance.
  • the glass plate level gauge or the two-color water level gauge cannot be insulated, resulting in high energy consumption.
  • the Chinese patent ZL93213461.0 has the advantages of simple structure and improved temperature range.
  • the buoyancy of the liquid in the cursor tube of the cursor is reduced by the buoyancy of the float.
  • both the float and the cursor are sliding friction, resulting in a large friction coefficient, which makes the friction force large and affects the accuracy and sensitivity of the measurement, and is even unavailable. This can be seen from the calculation results in the specification of another Chinese patent ZL200910219681.X.
  • the float type liquid level gauge with a buoy is used in a high temperature high pressure or high pressure low density medium, and the buoy structure is complicated, so that the manufacturing cost is high. Moreover, the number of components is high, and the failure rate is high, which affects the reliability of use and leads to high maintenance costs.
  • the magnetic ball is installed in the floating ball, and the two hemispherical shells of the floating ball cannot be welded by the limitation of the high-temperature demagnetization of the magnetic steel, thereby making the floating ball difficult to manufacture. When used, magnetic steel also has the problem of high temperature demagnetization.
  • a float type liquid level gauge such as the Chinese patent ZL200910219681.X, has the same problem as described above.
  • the float disclosed is non-spherical, and its friction is large, and there are problems similar to the aforementioned patents.
  • the oil mark holder has a track therein, and the track is provided with a magnetic indicator mark, and the magnetic indicator is marked as a fan shape.
  • the disclosed cursor has a shaft and a connecting rod and a weight to ensure that the center of gravity of the cursor is below. Even so, it is difficult to ensure that the axis of the shaft is horizontal, that is, it is difficult to guarantee the cursor.
  • the up and down movement is vertical, in fact, it will gradually go away during its use. In the case where the liquid level measurement period is small, it can be used normally. Once the range is large, it needs to be carefully adjusted. Otherwise, the possibility of deviation or the distance of deviation will increase, that is, there is a problem of accuracy or reliability.
  • the presence of the shaft and the connecting rod and the weight on the cursor increases the weight of the cursor; the second increases the mechanical friction and affects the accuracy; the third structure is more complicated and the cost is significantly increased; It also affects the reliability of its use; five radial magnetic non-uniformities affect the accuracy of the magnetic steel.
  • the float type liquid level gauge displayed by the cursor or buoy disclosed in the Chinese utility model patent ZL201420640215.5 still highlights the following problems:
  • the cost is high: the imported linear bearings are each about 50 yuan, the linear guides made of aluminum alloy are about 6-7 yuan per meter, the imported ones are about 100 yuan per meter, and when the range is large, the proportion is the total cost. Larger. This does not include other components on the cursor. 3.
  • the guide rail has poor rigidity and is matched with the cylindrical linear bearing. The rigidity of the linear guide rail decreases with the increase of the length of the guide rail. When the cursor and the float are under the action of magnetic coupling force, the guide rail will bend toward the float chamber, and the range cannot be used when the range is large. This type of guide rail cannot be increased in rigidity by attaching an attachment, otherwise it cannot be used. Unless an open linear bearing is used.
  • the precision of the linear guide rail and the linear bearing is very high.
  • the linear guide rail is mechanically precision machined. It is subject to the requirements of the rigidity of the guide rail during mechanical precision machining.
  • Each guide rail cannot be processed very long. When the measuring range of the liquid level is large, multiple rails are required to be connected, and the connection between the two ends of each rail and the other rails must ensure the accuracy. This is a difficult matter. Otherwise, the linear bearing will be stuck on the two rails. Junction.
  • the current float level gauge can be used in high temperature and high pressure applications, subject to the temperature resistance of the electronic components on it, and it is not allowed to keep warm or close the heat sink at the same time, which leads to problems such as energy consumption and scalding.
  • Magnetic float ball level gauges imported from Europe and the United States are expensive, ranging from 50,000 to 100,000 yuan. It not only has the problem of high temperature and high pressure at different times, but also has the problem of demagnetization under high temperature occasions. It needs to be replaced after several years of use. When replacing the magnetic float ball, it needs to be disassembled, replaced, sealed, hydrostatic test, Airtight test. The price of each high temperature magnetic float is more than 10,000 yuan. It is understood that the imported magnetic float ball is used for high temperature occasions, the service life is about 4 to 5 years, and the equipment repair period of the petrochemical industry is 3 years. Therefore, it is necessary to change an imported magnetic float ball for 3 years. It can be seen that the liquid level gauge is used. the cost is too high.
  • the present invention aims to provide a high-precision and low-cost float ball type liquid level meter which has a simpler and scientific structure, is reliable in use, easy to manufacture, and makes up for the defects of the prior art. , effectively meet the needs of related fields.
  • a floating ball type liquid level gauge displayed by a cursor includes a floating ball chamber, a ferromagnetic material floating ball, a scale, a floating ball outdoor cursor and a cursor guide rail; and the like:
  • the cursor includes a magnetic steel, a frame, and a rolling system that is horizontally fixed and nested within the frame;
  • the rolling system includes a coaxial rolling wheel, a rolling bearing and a shaft, the rolling wheel is provided with a radial groove along a circumferential surface, the rolling bearing inner ring is engaged with the shaft, the rolling bearing outer ring and the rolling wheel Fit and rotate with it;
  • the shaft is supported by the frame and is parallel to the ground;
  • the magnetic steel is fixed on the frame near an outer side of the floating ball chamber, and its magnetic pole is opposite to the floating ball;
  • the vernier guide sleeve is disposed between the magnetic steel and the rolling system in the frame;
  • the rolling wheel is attached to the working surface of the vernier guide rail at its groove position and rolls up and down along the vernier guide rail.
  • the guide rail is disposed on the side of the floating ball chamber from the top to the bottom of the floating ball chamber, thereby improving the rigidity of the cursor guide rail and ensuring the measurement precision of the liquid level gauge.
  • the shape of the radial groove on the scroll wheel corresponds to the shape at which the vernier rail fits.
  • the vernier guide rail is a cylindrical vernier guide rail
  • the radial groove of the rolling wheel is a concave circular arc-shaped groove corresponding to the circular arc surface of the cylindrical guide rail at the same position.
  • the diameter of the concave circular arc groove is larger than the diameter of the cylindrical guide rail.
  • the vernier guide rail is a cylindrical vernier guide rail
  • the radial groove of the rolling wheel is a trapezoidal groove
  • the rolling wheel structure with a trapezoidal groove is similar to the structure of the pulley.
  • the trapezoidal groove of the rolling wheel is fitted to the vernier guide rail at least at two inclined faces formed by the trapezoidal oblique side thereof. Roll up and down along the cursor guide.
  • the vernier guide rail is a rectangular parallelepiped guide rail;
  • the radial groove of the rolling wheel is a rectangular groove, and the distance between two inner parallel faces of the rectangular groove is larger than two corresponding to the guide rail.
  • the spacing of the outer surfaces is a rectangular parallelepiped guide rail;
  • the rolling system comprises two sets, the two sets of rolling systems are arranged in parallel in the same frame, and the plane formed by the two axes is perpendicular to the ground.
  • the upper and lower rotation of the magnetic steel around the shaft during the movement of the cursor is reduced, and the precision and reliability of use are improved.
  • the liquid level gauge further comprises a closed non-ferromagnetic transparent material vernier chamber disposed adjacent to the float chamber, the axes of which are parallel; the cursor and the guide rail are mounted in the vernier chamber.
  • the cursor is usually placed in a closed box to prevent the use of rain, snow, ice, dust, and the like.
  • the liquid medium can be further filled through the vernier chamber, wherein a buoy is provided, the buoy including the cursor and a float fixed to the cursor.
  • a float is fixed on the cursor to form a buoy, and a liquid medium is filled in the cursor chamber to provide a buoyancy for the buoy.
  • the liquid medium in the vernier is made of transparent and lubricious medium, such as transformer oil or edible oil.
  • the lifting force can also adopt the following technical solution: on the basis of the foregoing technical solution, a pulley system is further set, which is fixed directly above the cursor, and one end of the connecting rope is connected with the counterweight and the other end is connected to the frame. .
  • the calculation of the friction between the rectangular parallelepiped guide rail and the radial groove is a rolling groove of a rectangular groove: as shown in Fig. 9(a) and Fig. 9(b), the rolling wheel and the rectangular shape of the rectangular groove are provided.
  • the material expansion coefficient of the rolling wheel with rectangular groove is larger than the material expansion coefficient of the rectangular guide rail. After being heated, the rolling wheel of the rectangular groove is caused by The axial gap of the rectangular guide rail is 0.1 mm.
  • the upper end of the rolling wheel of the rectangular groove may be attached to one side outer wall of the rectangular parallelepiped rail, and the lower end of the rolling wheel of the rectangular groove may be attached to the rectangular parallelepiped shape.
  • the center of the axis of the rolling wheel of the rectangular groove is subjected to force analysis.
  • the lateral horizontal component forces N and N' acting on the rectangular parallelepiped rails at both ends are:
  • the liquid level gauge further includes a spare cursor, the spare cursor is located above the vernier room, and is fixed by magnetic coupling through a magnetic steel fixed to the outdoor of the vernier; the magnetic steel outside the vernier is fixed on the cursor by a fastener outdoor.
  • the floating ball room has a raised floating ball track on the inner wall of the side of the cursor, so that when the floating ball moves up and down, it is not attached to the inner wall of the floating ball, for example, There are 2 float tracks.
  • the rolling wheel is coated with polytetrafluoroethylene at a working surface where the groove position is in close contact with the vernier guide.
  • the ferromagnetic material float is coated with a protective layer of carbon fiber for the purpose of high temperature resistance, high pressure resistance, corrosion resistance and reduction of the specific gravity of the float ball. Due to the low density, high strength, high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance of carbon fiber, the overall weight of the float ball is lowered, so that it can be used in high temperature, high pressure or high pressure low density medium and corrosive medium at the same time. Similarly, the floating ball can also be covered with a protective layer of polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the ferromagnetic material float is coated with a high temperature resistant high alloy steel protective layer, such as 304, 316 or CrMo steel, or the like.
  • the float ball is made of high-alloy steel of ferromagnetic material, such as 2Cr13.
  • the float chamber may be made of plastic (such as polytetrafluoroethylene) or glass, or the inner wall of the float chamber may be lined with an anti-corrosion layer.
  • the cursor is coated with a wake-up target such as red and/or the cursor surface is coated with a light-emitting layer, and the light-emitting layer may be a rare earth self-luminous material.
  • a magnetic steel can be held to find the position of the float, and then the cursor or the cursor is used to attract the cursor when the cursor room exists. Pull to the vicinity of the float and release your hand or remove the hand-held magnet.
  • the position of the float can be used to find the position of the float and the position of the cursor can be known.
  • an insulation layer or a cold insulation layer may be disposed between the outer wall of the float chamber and the cursor or the cursor chamber, and the insulation layer may be made of aluminum magnesium silicate material, or
  • the insulating material composed of nano ceramic material and silicate or aluminum silicate fiber can be several millimeters in thickness.
  • the cold-preserving layer may be a cold-preserving material such as polyurethane or urea-amine. Since the distance between the magnetic steel and the floating ball of the above liquid level meter of the present invention can reach 12 mm, it is also considered to integrally heat the floating ball chamber, and the heat preservation does not affect the display at all, thereby achieving energy saving and benefiting Slow down the magnetic steel demagnetization.
  • a spring or a soft material may be fixed under the cursor chamber.
  • the float In order to reduce the weight of the spherical float, the float is made hollow.
  • magnetic sensing elements are arranged from top to bottom in the vicinity of the magnetic steel.
  • the float ball located in the float chamber is always coupled with the cursor.
  • the float moves up and down with the liquid level to raise and lower the cursor.
  • the pointer on the buoy corresponds to the position of the scale to read the liquid. Bit.
  • the sum of the buoyancy F1 received by the float immersed in the liquid half and the buoyancy F2 of the buoy is equal to the float ball.
  • the two achieve a balance of forces by magnetic coupling force, that is, the buoy imparts an upward lifting force to the float ball in the float chamber through magnetic coupling with the float ball.
  • the float ball located in the float chamber is always coupled with the buoy. When the liquid level rises and falls, the balance of the force is broken. The float moves up and down with the liquid level to raise and lower the buoy.
  • the pointer on the buoy corresponds to the position of the scale to read the liquid. Bit.
  • the vernier (or magnet steel) and the float ball have excellent followability, low hysteresis and high precision.
  • the structure of the cursor is simple and light, and the material of the related parts is aluminum.
  • the parts are small, thin, light and light, and the weight reduction means coupling with small magnetic steel or small magnetic force, so the friction can be further reduced and the friction can be further improved.
  • Precision There is no garbled structure and complicated structure, many parts and high cost in the magnetic flap level gauge. It shows its advantages in a large number of courses, and only one cursor replaces several magnetic flaps. It also overcomes the difficulty of reading the value of the glass plate level gauge. At the same time, the problem of large energy consumption of the glass plate level gauge and the magnetic flap level gauge is overcome.
  • the present invention solves the problem that the prior art measurement indicates that the liquid level is inaccurate or unreliable, has high cost performance, and has wide applicability, and particularly solves the structural level gauge used for such as high temperature and high pressure or high pressure low density medium.
  • the manufacturing cost and the user's use and maintenance costs are greatly reduced, meeting the needs of more users; the entire cursor cost of the present invention compared to the cost of a few yuan per linear bearing / a linear guide on the line of 100 yuan / meter Only about 10 yuan is needed, wherein the cursor guide rail only needs a few yuan/meter.
  • the precision of the matching precision between the vernier guide rail and the rolling wheel of the invention is low, and the vernier guide rail can be formed by one-time aluminum profile without further processing, thereby greatly reducing the cost;
  • the high-precision guide rail is difficult to manufacture long, and when the equivalent range is large, only a plurality of pairs can be used, which is a difficult task in the field, and the present invention avoids this problem;
  • the cursor guide of the present invention is formed by one-time forming of the aluminum profile.
  • the length of a single piece can be at least 6 meters, thereby reducing the number of joints between the guide rails, which, in addition to reducing the cost, makes manufacturing and maintenance easier and more reliable to use;
  • the cursor and its rolling system are simple in structure, making manufacturing, assembly, adjustment, installation and on-site calibration, and future maintenance easier;
  • the weight of the cursor is reduced to make it more applicable, such as where the liquid density is small; and the weight of the cursor is reduced, so that it can be used without increasing the weight in many occasions;
  • the magnetic steel on the cursor is outside the float ball, far from the float chamber, and it is not easy to demagnetize. Even if the magnetism is demagnetized, it is easier to replace the magnetic steel; then it is necessary to disassemble and replace each time the magnetic float ball is replaced. A series of troubles and losses, such as sealing, hydraulic test, and airtight test, especially the replacement of imported magnetic float balls, the loss is even greater.
  • the spare cursor is equipped to eliminate the trouble of changing the cursor in the past.
  • the use of the protective layer of the invention more effectively improves the high temperature resistance, high pressure resistance and corrosion resistance of the liquid level meter, such as the ferromagnetic material floating outer cover coating the anticorrosive layer, so that the floating ball is resistant to high temperature, high pressure and corrosion resistance.
  • the performance is further improved;
  • the insulation or cold insulation layer is designed to achieve energy savings.
  • the outdoor wall of the float is allowed to be insulated, and the thickness of the insulation is several millimeters. It can meet the requirements; at the same time, it is safer to use, such as not causing fire, explosion, and will not burn people; for cold pipelines, it is not easy to frost or freeze;
  • the structure of the present invention overcomes various shortcomings of the prior art and solves the technical problem to be solved in the field: the technical effect is prominently embodied in The mechanical friction is greatly reduced, the hysteresis is small, the precision is high, the structure is extremely simple, the cost is greatly reduced, the stability and reliability are improved.
  • the comprehensive performance index is far superior to the magnetic float level gauge imported from Europe and the United States. Imports and exports earn foreign exchange, and the application prospects are extremely wide.
  • Embodiment 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1;
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 (a), Figure 3 (b) is a schematic view of two forms of the trapezoidal groove rolling wheel and the cursor guide;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 2;
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of the upper and lower two rolling wheels of Embodiment 3.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 4.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 5.
  • Figure 9 (a) is a force analysis diagram of the friction between the rectangular groove rolling wheel and the guide rail;
  • Figure 9(b) is a left side view of Figure 9(a). In the picture:
  • a floating ball type liquid level gauge displayed by a cursor includes a floating ball chamber 2 of a non-ferromagnetic material, a spherical floating ball 1 of a ferromagnetic material in the floating ball chamber 2, and a floating ball chamber 2
  • a scale 6 is arranged adjacent thereto, a cylindrical guide 3, and a closed non-ferromagnetic transparent material vernier chamber 10, the scale 6, the axis of the cylindrical guide 3 and the axis of the vernier chamber 10 are parallel to each other and parallel to the The axis of the float chamber 2, the cursor 8 and the cylindrical guide 3 are respectively disposed in the cursor chamber 10;
  • the cylindrical guide rail 3 is provided with a rail reinforcement rib 7 from top to bottom on its side near the float chamber 2;
  • the cursor 8 comprises a magnetic steel 8-2, a rectangular frame 8-5 and a rolling system, the rolling system comprising a rolling wheel 8-4 having a radial groove along the circumferential surface and its shaft 8-3 and Rolling bearing 8-1;
  • the rectangular frame 8-5 has four sides X1, X1, Y1, Y2 perpendicular to the horizontal plane;
  • the magnetic steel 8-2 is located between the floating ball chamber 2 and the rectangular frame 8-5 and is fixed to the rectangular frame 8-5 outside the side surface X1 of the floating ball chamber 2, the magnetic steel 8- The magnetic pole of 2 is opposite to the float ball 1;
  • the shaft 8-3 is supported in parallel on the two parallel sides Y1 and Y2 of the rectangular frame 8-5, and the two parallel sides Y1 and Y2 are opposite to the side X1 on which the magnetic steel is fixed.
  • Vertical plane
  • the rolling system includes a coaxial rolling wheel, a rolling bearing and a shaft, the rolling wheel is provided with a radial groove along a circumferential surface, the rolling bearing inner ring has an interference fit with the shaft, the rolling bearing outer ring and the The rolling wheel has an interference fit and rotates with it;
  • the cylindrical guide 3 is sleeved in the rectangular frame 8-5 and located between the magnetic steel 8-2 and the rolling system;
  • the rolling system realizes that the rolling wheel 8-4 is in contact with the working surface of the cylindrical guide 3 at its groove position by the magnetic coupling force between the magnetic steel 8-2 and the float ball 1 and along the The cylindrical guide rolls up and down.
  • the radial groove of the rolling wheel is a concave circular arc groove 8-41 matched with a corresponding circular arc surface of the corresponding cylindrical guide rail.
  • the radial groove of the rolling wheel may also be a trapezoidal groove 8-43, as shown in FIG. 3(a) and FIG. 3(b), that is, the trapezoidal groove 8-43 has a structure similar to an outer width and a narrow inner circumference.
  • the trapezoidal groove 8-43 of the rolling wheel has at least two inclined faces formed by the trapezoidal oblique side thereof and the cylindrical guide rail 3 is fitted and rolled up and down along the cylindrical guide 3 as shown in Fig. 3(a).
  • the trapezoidal recesses 8-43 of the scroll wheel are attached to the cylindrical guide rail 3 on the three inner sides of the trapezoidal recesses 8-43 and roll up and down along the cylindrical guide rail 3, as shown in FIG. 3(b). ) shown.
  • the liquid level gauge may further include a closed non-ferromagnetic transparent material vernier chamber 10 disposed adjacent to the float chamber 2 for dustproof and waterproof considerations and to avoid the influence of wind, frost and snow on the meter.
  • the two axes are parallel; the cursor 8 and the cylindrical guide 3 are housed in the vernier chamber 10.
  • the projection size of the upper portion of the vernier chamber 10 is slightly larger than the projection size above the cursor, and viewed from above, is a square box structure. Above the inside of the cursor chamber 10 at normal temperature The rectangular projection size is preferably 0.05-0.08 mm per side larger than the rectangular projection size above the cursor. If used in high temperature or low temperature applications, the thermal expansion and contraction of the cursor chamber 10 and the cursor 8 should be considered separately.
  • the pulley 4 is fixed above the inner side of the vernier chamber 10, and the coupling rope or the coupling belt 5 is wound around the fixed pulley 4, and the two ends are respectively coupled to the balance hammer 9 and the rectangular frame 8-5 of the cursor 8.
  • the weight G3 of the counterweight 9 is greater than the weight G2 of the cursor 8 so that the float 1 and the cursor 8 always form a tensile force between the upper and lower sides, preventing the float ball 1 and the cursor 8 from forming in the middle of the magnetic steel 8-2. Dead zone, causing lag.
  • the magnitude of this pulling force is greater than the mechanical frictional force f received during the movement of the vernier and the float ball and less than the upper and lower maximum magnetic coupling forces of the float ball 1 and the vernier 8 to subtract the mechanical frictional force f.
  • the gravity G1 of the float ball 1 is larger than the gravity G3 of the counterweight 9 minus the gravity G2 of the cursor 8 and less than the pulling force required when the coupling force of the float ball 1 and the vernier 8 is separated, and the mechanical friction force f is subtracted, and a safety margin is left.
  • the gravity G1 of the float 1 minus the buoyancy F1 of the float 1 immersed in the liquid half is equal to the gravity G3 of the counterweight 9 minus the gravity G2 of the cursor 8 minus the mechanical friction f.
  • the magnetic coupling force must be greater than the gravity G3 of the counterweight 9 minus the gravity G2 of the cursor 8 plus the mechanical friction force f.
  • Another float display of the float type liquid level gauge is different from the protection type of the first embodiment in that the cursor guide rail is a rectangular parallelepiped guide rail 3'; correspondingly,
  • the radial groove of the rolling wheel 8-4 is a rectangular groove 8-42, the spacing of the two inner parallel faces of the rectangular groove 8-42 being greater than the spacing of the two outer faces corresponding to the guide rail 3'.
  • the rolling wheel 8-4 rolls along the working surface of the cuboid-shaped guide 3'.
  • the liquid level gauge is provided with an alternate cursor 14 at a position above the cursor chamber 10, and correspondingly passes through the outside of the cursor chamber 10
  • the firmware fixes a magnetic steel 13 for a fixed spare cursor and fixes the spare cursor 14 by magnetic coupling of the magnetic steel 13 with the magnetic steel of the spare cursor 14.
  • cursor 8 displays a float type liquid level gauge which is improved on the basis of the aforementioned level gauge, that is, the cursor 8 includes two sets of the rolling system, that is, includes two rolling wheels 8 -4, 8-4' and their respective shafts 8-3, 8-3' and rolling bearings 8-1, 8-1', as shown in FIG.
  • the two sets of rolling systems are arranged in parallel in the same rectangular frame 8-5, and the plane formed by the two shafts 8-3, 8-3' is perpendicular to the ground, thereby preventing the cursor 8 from being
  • the rotation around the axis occurs during the up and down movement, improving the accuracy and reliability of use.
  • the float type liquid level gauge displayed by the other cursor is as shown in FIG. 7 , and based on the technical solutions of the various liquid level gauges described above, considering the need to balance the buoyancy of the float ball 1 , the cursor 8 is below
  • the fixed float 12 constitutes a buoy, and the float 12 may also be above the cursor 8, while at the same time, the vernier chamber 10 is filled with a liquid medium 15 to provide a buoyancy to the cursor or buoy.
  • the specific gravity of the cursor is smaller than the specific gravity of the liquid 15 in the vernier chamber 10.
  • the buoyancy F2 of the cursor 8 minus the gravity G2 of the cursor is equal to the gravity G1 of the float 1 minus the immersion of the float 1 by about half of the liquid
  • the floating ball chamber 2 is close to the inner wall of the side of the cursor 8
  • a radial groove working surface of the rolling wheel 8-4 ie, a mating surface of the groove that is in close contact with the linear track and rolls along the track
  • a protective layer of polytetrafluoroethylene may be adopted.
  • the carbon fiber protective layer may be coated on the ferromagnetic material floating ball 1 for the purpose of high temperature resistance, high pressure resistance, corrosion resistance and reduction of the specific gravity of the floating ball 1.
  • a protective layer such as a protective layer coated with polytetrafluoroethylene may be coated on the ferromagnetic material floating ball 1 .
  • the ferromagnetic material floating ball 1 may be coated with a high temperature resistant high alloy steel protective layer, such as 304, 316 or CrMo steel, or The high-alloy steel, such as 2Cr13, can be used to make the float ball.
  • a high temperature resistant high alloy steel protective layer such as 304, 316 or CrMo steel
  • the high-alloy steel, such as 2Cr13 can be used to make the float ball.
  • the float chamber 2 may be made of plastic, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, or glass, or the inner wall of the float chamber may be covered with an anti-corrosion layer.
  • a mark such as red and/or a layer of coated rare earth self-luminous material may be applied to the cursor 8 as described.
  • a heat insulation or cold insulation layer may be disposed between the outer wall of the float chamber 2 and the cursor 8 or the cursor chamber 10.
  • the aluminum silicate magnesium material or the nano ceramic material may be used for heat insulation.
  • Polyurethane or ureaamine materials can be used for cold separation. And thus achieve energy savings.
  • a spring or a soft material may be placed under the vernier chamber 10.
  • the float 1 In order to reduce the weight of the spherical float 1, the float 1 can be made hollow.
  • the liquid medium 15 in the vernier chamber 10 uses a transparent and lubricious medium such as transformer oil or edible oil.
  • magnetic sensing elements are arranged from top to bottom in the vicinity of the magnetic steel 8-2 of the cursor 8.
  • a magnetic steel can be held to find the position of the float 1 and then the cursor 8 can be used by hand or when the cursor chamber 10 exists.
  • the magnetic steel attracts the cursor 8 to the vicinity of the float ball 1 and then releases the hand or removes the hand-held magnetic steel.
  • the inventor has been doing equipment management for many years, has done pressure vessel and pipeline design, has been working on a variety of liquid level gauges, has done many experiments, and spent more than 6 years, considering the accuracy, cost, reliability of use, Maintainability, solve existing technical problems, and consider energy saving, applicable process conditions, market demand, processability, user maintenance costs, etc., and calculate the strength of the float and float chamber.

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Abstract

游标显示的浮球式液位计，包括浮球室（2）及其内的铁磁性球形浮球（1）、浮球室（2）外的游标（8）、刻度尺（6）、及一根游标导轨（3,3'）；其中，游标（8）包括磁钢（8-2）、框架（8-5）和水平固定并套于框架（8-5）内的滚动系统；滚动系统包括沿圆周表面设有径向凹槽的滚动轮（8-4,8-4'）、滚动轴承（8-1,8-1'）及轴（8-3,8-3'）；所述磁钢（8-2）位于浮球室（2）与框架（8-5）之间并固定于框架（8-5）上靠近所述浮球室（2）一侧面外，所述磁钢（8-2）的磁极正对所述浮球（1）；游标导轨（3,3'）套于所述矩形框架（8-5）内位于磁钢（8-2）与滚动系统之间；滚动系统通过磁钢（8-2）与浮球（1）之间的磁耦合力实现滚动轮（8-4,8-4'）在其凹槽位置沿所述游标导轨（3,3'）上下滚动。该液位计结构简单科学，使用性能可靠、制造容易，成本低。

Description

游标显示的浮球式液位计 技术领域
本发明涉及液位测量设备，尤其涉及一种游标显示的浮球式液位计。
背景技术
现有的就地指示式液位仪表有玻璃板式、磁翻板(柱)式，浮标式、双色水位计等。玻璃板式只能近距离目测，覆盖粉尘或被介质污染后目测困难，耐压受到限制。磁翻板(柱)式结构相对复杂且易出现乱码，另外浮球内的磁钢还存在着高温退磁的问题，影响其长期使用，比如：进口的磁浮球液位计，虽然耐高温，使用4～5年后，因浮球内的磁钢退磁而不得不更换浮球。双色水位计适用的介质范围窄且耐压亦受到限制。另外，玻璃板式液位计或者双色水位计不能采取保温，导致能耗大。
如中国专利ZL93213461.0，它的优点是结构简单，提高了温度使用范围，游标所在的游标管内的液体对游标的浮力降低了浮子的载荷。但它存在着如下不足：浮子和游标均为滑动摩擦，导致摩擦系数大，从而使摩擦力大而影响测量的精度和灵敏度，甚至不可用。这可以从另一中国专利ZL200910219681.X说明书中的计算结果中看出。
又如中国专利ZL9923472.9，它的优点亦是结构简单，提高了温度的使用范围，但其同样存在前述专利的不足，即由于摩擦力大而影响测量精度及灵敏度，以至于仪器不可用。
又如中国专利ZL88218650.7，它的优点是结构简单，同时将液位指示器(浮标)改为滚珠，大大降低了摩擦力。它的不足之处在于：1.浮子为滑动摩擦，导致摩擦系数及摩擦力大，影响到测量的精度和灵敏度；2.浮子内整圈布置磁钢增加了浮子的重量，这势必增大浮子的体积；3.磁钢的退磁温度限制了该液位计的使用温度。
又如中国专利ZL200410015416.7，该液位计较好地解决了高压锅炉的应用，但其磁车需要4个轮等部件，否则游标会偏转或上下晃动而无法使用，这样一则使结构复杂，二则使磁车重量被增加，进而增加了浮子的载荷，这相当于浮子重量的增加，难以满足在高温高压或高压低密度介质场合的使用，远传信号不连续；同时该专利中所述浮子与浮子室之间滑动摩擦，则存在前述摩擦力大，进而影响测量精度及灵敏度等问题。
上述有些现有的液位计由于表面温度高，不安全隐患多，如易烫伤人或易燃易爆介质泄漏时易引起火灾或爆炸。
再如中国专利ZL200910219684.3中，所述带浮标的浮子式液位计用于高温高压或高压低密度介质的场合，浮标结构显得复杂，使得制造成本趋高。且其零部件多，则故障率高，影响使用可靠性且导致维修费用高。此外，其浮球内装设磁钢，受制于磁钢高温退磁的限制则该浮球的二个半球壳无法采用焊接连接，从而使该浮球制造困难。使用时，磁钢还存在着高温退磁的问题。
与之类似，如中国专利ZL200910219681.X一种就地指示的浮子式液位计存在着上述相同问题。
再如中国专利申请CN103411652中，公开的浮子是非球形的，其摩擦力大，存在着与前述专利类似的问题。另，其所述的油标固定器内有轨道，轨道内设置有磁性指示标，磁性指示标为扇形，这种结构的油标固定器重心虽然在下方，但难以保证所述油标固定器是垂直的，即该油标固定器在多次上下的往返运动中很容易逐渐偏离原有位置。此外，
再如中国专利ZL201210140345.8中，所公开的游标上有轴和连杆及重锤来保证游标的重心在下方，即便如此，仍然难以保证其上的轴的轴线是水平的，即难以保证游标的上下运动是垂直的，事实上，其使用过程中会逐渐走偏。在所述液位计量程小的情况下，可正常使用。一旦其量程很大时，需要费力精心调整，否则，跑偏的可能性增大或跑偏的距离增大，即存在精度或可靠性的问题。另外，游标上的轴和连杆及重锤的存在，一则增加了游标的重量；二则增加了机械摩擦力，影响精度；三则结构更加复杂，并使成本明显增加；四则零部件多，亦影响其使用的可靠性；五则磁钢的径向磁力不均匀影响精度。
前述中国专利申请CN103411652中所述液位计亦存在着上述类似的问题。
申请人结合近两年的新的相关公开的专利申请进一步研究发现：
如中国实用新型专利ZL201420640215.5中所公开的游标或浮标显示的浮子式液位计，仍然突出存在如下问题：
1.摩擦力大，滞后明显，精度低：经过多次和多种进口的直线轴承和直线导轨之间的相对运动试验，直线轴承和直线导轨之间的摩擦力是一个不可回避的问题，国产的直线轴承和直线导轨之间的摩擦力更大，相应的液位计没有一个是十分灵敏的，精度低，滞后大。发明人经实验证明：上后滞后达3mm，回差达8mm。且直线轴承本身较重，必然增加了游标的重量，游标重量的增加需更大的磁力来耦合，这进一步增加了机械摩擦力，由此还需浮球的浮力更大，由此带来更多相关问题。2.成本居高不下：进口的直线轴承每个约50多元，用铝合金制造的直线导轨每米大约6～7元，进口的每米大约100元，量程大时，在总成本中占比重较大。这还不包括游标上的其它零部件。3.导轨刚度差，与圆柱形直线轴承相配的圆柱 形直线导轨的刚度随导轨长度的增加而降低，当游标与浮球在磁耦合力的作用下，导轨会向浮球室方向弯曲，量程大时无法使用。这种导轨不能通过安装附件来提高它的刚度，否则无法使用。除非用开口直线轴承。若增加导轨的刚度，需增加导轨的直径，这势必增加直线轴承的重量，这不但进一步增加了机械摩擦力，甚至会由于重量的增加导致浮球沉入液体中而无法使用。4.导轨接头多，直线导轨与直线轴承的配合精度要求非常高，直线导轨是经机械精密加工而成的，受制于机械精密加工时对导轨刚度的要求，每一根导轨无法加工很长，当液位测量的量程大时，需多个导轨联结而成，每根导轨的两端与另外导轨的联结必须保证精度，这是件困难的事，否则，直线轴承会卡在两根导轨的联结处。若为了增加导轨的刚度而加大导轨的直径来实现接头的减少，这势必会增加直线轴承的尺寸，进而增加了游标的重量，这个载荷会使浮球沉入液体，同样使液位计无法使用5轴承无法维修，直线轴承结构的本身决定了它进入杂质后就很难清理，一旦进入杂质，就必须更新，并由此进一步增加了成本。
现行的浮筒液位计可用于高温高压场合，受制于其上电子元件的耐温，靠近变送器的部位不允许保温或同时需要加散热片，导致耗能、易烫伤人等问题的产生。
从欧美等国进口的磁浮球液位计价格昂贵，每台5～10万元。它不但存在着不同时耐高温和高压的问题，还存在着高温场合下退磁的问题，使用几年需更换磁浮球，每次更换磁浮球时，需进行拆装、更换密封、水压试验、气密试验。每个耐高温的磁浮子的价格超过万元。据了解，进口的磁浮球用于高温场合时，寿命大概4～5年，石化行业的设备大修期为3年，由此，3年需换一个进口的磁浮球，可见使用该液位计的成本太高。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术所存在的上述问题，本发明旨在提供一种高精度低成本的浮球式液位计，其具有更加简单科学的结构，使用可靠、制造容易，弥补了现有技术的缺陷，有效满足了相关领域的需求。
本发明的解决方案是这样实现的：
一种游标显示的浮球式液位计，包括浮球室，铁磁性材质的浮球,刻度尺，浮球室外的游标和一根游标导轨；其特征在于:
所述的游标包括磁钢、框架和水平固定并套于所述框架内的滚动系统；其中
所述滚动系统包括同轴的滚动轮、滚动轴承和轴，所述滚动轮沿圆周表面设有径向凹槽，所述滚动轴承内圈与所述轴配合，所述滚动轴承外圈与所述滚动轮配合并随之转动；
所述轴由所述框架支撑固定并平行于地面；
所述磁钢固定于所述框架上靠近所述浮球室一侧外部，其磁极正对所述浮球；
所述游标导轨套于所述框架内位于所述磁钢与滚动系统之间；
通过所述磁钢与浮球之间的磁耦合力，所述滚动轮在其凹槽位置与所述的游标导轨的工作表面贴合并沿所述游标导轨上下滚动。
进一步的，所述的游标导轨上靠近浮球室一侧自上而下设有导轨加强筋板，藉此，达到提高所述游标导轨的刚度，进而保证液位计的测量精度之效果。
进一步的，从正上方看，所述滚动轮上径向凹槽的形状与所述游标导轨贴合处的形状相对应。
如所述游标导轨是圆柱形游标导轨，所述滚动轮的径向凹槽为与所述圆柱形导轨与其贴合处的圆弧面相一致的内凹圆弧形凹槽。
所述内凹圆弧形凹槽的直径大于圆柱形导轨的直径。
或者，所述游标导轨是圆柱形游标导轨，所述滚动轮的径向凹槽为梯形凹槽，则所述带有梯形凹槽的滚动轮结构类似于皮带轮的结构。在所述滚动系统通过磁钢与浮球之间的磁耦合力作用状态下，所述滚动轮的梯形凹槽至少在其梯形斜边所构成的两个斜面与所述的游标导轨贴合和沿所述游标导轨上下滚动。
又如，所述的游标导轨是长方体形游标导轨；所述滚动轮的径向凹槽是矩形凹槽，所述矩形凹槽两个内平行面的间距大于导轨上与之相对应的两个外表面的间距。
或者，进一步的，所述滚动系统包括两套，所述两套滚动系统上下平行设置于所述的同一框架内，且其中的二根轴构成的平面与地面相垂直。藉此以降低游标在运动过程中磁钢绕轴的上下旋转，提高使用的精度和可靠性。
进一步的，所述液位计还包括一个封闭式非铁磁性的透明材质的游标室，其与所述浮球室毗邻设置，两者轴线平行；所述游标和导轨装在所述游标室内。实际使用中，所述游标通常须放在密闭的箱体内，以防止由于雨、雪、冰、粉尘等的作用影响使用。
为了平衡浮球的浮力，给浮球一个向上的提升力，可进一步通过所述的游标室内充入液体介质，其中设置浮标，所述浮标包括所述游标及固定于所述游标上的浮漂。
在所述的游标上固定浮漂而形成浮标，并在所述的游标室内充入液体介质为所述浮标提供一个浮力。为了便于观测，降低摩擦力，提高测量精度，避免挥发影响使用，游标室内的液体介质采用透明并有润滑性能的介质，如变压器油或食用油等。
进一步的，如在高温高压或高压低密度介质的场合，由于浮球的壁厚较厚，浮球的比重较大或大于被测介质的比重，为了平衡浮球的重力，给浮球一个向上的提升力，还可采用如下技术方案:在前述技术方案的基础上，进而增设定滑轮系统，其固定于所述游标的正上方，其联接绳一端连接平衡锤，另一端连接所述框架。
长方体形导轨与径向凹槽是矩形凹槽的滚动轮之间的摩擦力计算举例：如图9(a)和图9(b)的受力分析，设矩形凹槽的滚动轮与长方体形导轨垂直于地面的上下接触长度为40mm，游标的重量W﹦40克，设矩形凹槽的滚动轮的材料膨胀系数大于长方体形导轨的材料膨胀系数，受热后，导致矩形凹槽的滚动轮与长方体形导轨的轴向间隙为0.1mm，在这种情况下，矩形凹槽的滚动轮的上端可能贴在长方体形导轨的一侧外壁上，矩形凹槽的滚动轮的下端可能贴在长方体形导轨的另一侧外壁上，以矩形凹槽的滚动轮的轴线中心做受力分析，游标与浮球平衡时所受的向上的拉力F﹦W﹦40克，矩形凹槽的滚动轮的上下两端作用在长方体形导轨的侧向水平分力N和N′为：
Figure PCTCN2016102648-appb-000001
上下两端的总水平分力为N﹢N′﹦0.1﹢0.1﹦0.2克，钢对钢的机械摩擦系数为K＝0.2，由此可知，游标所受的上下机械摩擦力为(N+N’)Xk＝0.04克。
设浮球室内液体介质为水，比重在4℃时为1g/cm3、浮球的直径D为100mm、浮球浸入液体一半的位置，液位变化1mm产生的浮力变化为5X5X3.14X0.1X 1＝7.85克，由此可见，上述0.04克的机械摩擦力对液位的测量影响微乎其微。
进一步的，所述液位计还包括一个备用游标，所述备用游标位于游标室内的上方，其通过固定于游标室外的磁钢利用磁力耦合固定；游标室外的磁钢通过紧固件固定在游标室外。
为了避免液体内含有杂质影响浮球的滚动，所述浮球室靠近游标一侧的内壁上有凸起的浮球轨道，使浮球上下运动时，不贴在浮球室内壁上，例如设有2根浮球轨道。
为了降低游标与轨道之间的摩擦力，所述滚动轮在其凹槽位置与所述游标导轨贴紧的工作面上包覆聚四氟乙烯。
出于耐高温、耐高压、耐腐蚀及降低浮球比重的考虑，所述的铁磁性材质的浮球外包覆碳纤维的防护层。由于碳纤维的低密度、高强度、耐高温、耐腐蚀使浮球整体比重降低，使之可用于高温高压或高压低密度介质的场合及同时有腐蚀性的介质。同理，所述浮球外亦可包覆聚四氟乙烯的防护层。
或者，出于耐高温、耐高压和耐腐蚀的考虑，所述的铁磁性材质的浮球外包覆耐高温的高合金钢材质的防护层，如304、316或CrMo钢等，或所述浮球采用铁磁性材质的高合金钢，如2Cr13。
同理，出于耐腐蚀的考虑，所述的浮球室可用塑料(如聚四氟乙烯)或玻璃等制成，或浮球室的内壁衬有防腐蚀层。
为了液位显示醒目清晰，所述的游标上涂有诸如红色等醒目标记和/或所述游标表面涂覆发光层，所述发光层可采用稀土自发光材料。
使用时，当浮球与游标脱离的情况下，为了使这二者重新耦合在一起，可以手持一块磁钢寻找浮球的位置，再用手将游标或者当游标室存在时用磁钢吸引游标牵引至浮球的附近后松开手或移开手持的磁钢。当怀疑游标与浮球的位置是否吻合时，可以用磁钢去寻找浮球的位置与游标所处的位置比对后便可获知。
另外，考虑隔热或隔冷并实现节能的要求，所述的浮球室的外壁与游标或游标室之间可设保温层或保冷层，所述保温层可采用硅酸铝镁材料，或者纳米陶瓷材料与硅酸盐或硅酸铝纤维组成的隔热材料，其厚度几毫米即可。所述保冷层可采用聚胺脂或脲胺脂等保冷材料。由于本发明所述的上述液位计的磁钢与浮球的间距可达到12毫米，因此也可考虑对浮球室进行整体保温，且保温后丝毫不影响显示，由此实现节能，还利于减缓磁钢退磁。
为了防止磁钢因意外从高处落下摔碎，所述游标室内的下方可固定有弹簧或充填软质材料。
为了降低球形浮球的重量，浮球做成中空的。
为了实现远传，在磁钢附近自上而下布置磁敏元件。
本发明的游标显示的浮球式液位计的工作原理是这样实现的：
浮球浸入液体一半时所受的浮力F1等于浮球的重力G1和游标的重力G2及机械摩擦力f之和，即F1＝G1+G2+f。
有平衡锤时，浮球浸入液体一半时所受的浮力F1加上平衡锤的重力G3等于浮球的重力G1和游标的重力G2及机械摩擦力f之和，即F1+G3＝G1+G2+f。
位于浮球室内的浮球始终与游标耦合在一起，液位升降时，这个力的平衡被打破，浮球随液位升降使游标升降，浮标上的指针对应刻度尺的位置即可读取液位。
进而，在游标室内充有液体介质(所述浮标的比重小于游标室内液体介质的比重)的情况下，浮球浸入液体一半时所受的浮力F1与浮标所受浮力F2之和等于浮球的重力G1和浮标的重力G2及机械摩擦力f之和，即F1+F2＝G1+G2+f。两者通过磁耦合力实现力的平衡，即：浮标通过与浮球的磁耦合给浮球室内的浮球一个向上的提升力。位于浮球室内的浮球始终与浮标耦合在一起，液位升降时，这个力的平衡被打破，浮球随液位升降使浮标升降，浮标上的指针对应刻度尺的位置即可读取液位。
与现有技术相比，本发明技术解决方案的有益效果是显而易见的，包括：
游标(或磁钢)与浮球升降的随动性极好，滞后小，精度极高。游标的结构简单，十分轻巧，其相关部件的材料为铝质，件小，薄，轻，重量的减轻意味着用小磁钢或较小的磁力即可实现耦合，因此可进一步降低摩擦力，提高精度。其不存在磁翻板液位计出现的乱码及结构复杂、零部件多、成本高的问题,在大量程时更显示出它的优势，仅一个游标就替代了若干个磁翻板。亦克服了玻璃板液位计读取数值困难的问题。同时克服了玻璃板液位计和磁翻板液位计能耗大的问题。同时，亦克服了采用直线轴承的液位计所存在的摩擦力大，精度低，滞后大，使用可靠度差等诸多缺陷。因此本发明解决了现有技术测量指示液位不准或不可靠的难题，性价比高，具有极为广泛的适用性，尤其解决了该种结构液位计用于诸如高温高压或高压低密度介质等液位测量的世界级难题和解决了许多不敢用玻璃板液位计的场合液位测量的难题；
同时，制造成本和用户的使用与维护成本均大幅降低，满足了更多用户的需求；相比直线轴承几拾元/个及其直线导轨上百元/米的成本，本发明的整个游标成本仅需约10元，其中游标导轨仅需几元/米，本发明的游标导轨与滚动轮的配合精度要求低，游标导轨可用铝型材一次成型，勿需再加工，由此大幅降低了成本；
而且，制造和维修更容易。高精度导轨很难制造的较长，当量程大时，只能采用多根组对，这在现场是件困难的事，本发明避免了这个问题；本发明的游标导轨用铝型材一次成型的单根长度至少可以达到6米，由此减少了导轨之间的接头数量，这除了降低成本外，使制造与维修更容易，使用更可靠；
并且，游标及其滚动系统结构简单，制造、装配、调校、安装和现场标定以及日后维护都更加容易；
同时，游标重量的减轻，使之适用范围更广，如液体密度小的场合；且游标重量的减轻，使其在许多场合下不用增加配重即可使用；
还有，游标上的磁钢在浮球室外，离浮球室远，不易退磁，即使退磁，更换磁钢也更容易；随之免去了每次更换磁浮球时，需进行拆装、更换密封、水压试验、气密试验等一系列麻烦和损失，尤其是更换进口的磁浮球，损失更大。
而备用游标的配备，则免除了以往更换游标之麻烦。
另外，当游标指针制成红色或采用发光材料制作时，其指示和显示非常醒目直观；
本发明有关防护层的使用更有效的改善了液位计耐高温、耐高压、耐腐蚀的性能，如铁磁性材质的浮球外包覆防腐层,使浮球耐高温、耐高压、耐腐蚀的性能进一步提高；
保温层或保冷层的设计则用以实现节能效果。浮球室外壁允许保温，且保温厚度几毫米 即可满足要求；同时使用更安全，如不会引起火灾、爆炸、不会烫伤人；对于冷管线，不易结霜或结冰；
相比浮筒液位计用于高温高压场合时，受制于其上电子元件的耐温，靠近变送器的部位不允许保温或同时需要加散热片，导致耗能、易烫伤人等问题，本发明则无此虞。
综上，发明人经过六年多的理论和各种大量试验和实验，证明本发明的结构克服了现有技术的种种不足，解决了本领域亟待解决的技术难题：其技术效果突出体现于其机械摩擦力大大减小、滞后小、精度高、结构极为简单、成本大大降低、稳定和可靠性获得突破性的提高，其综合性能指标远优于欧美等国进口的磁浮子液位计，替代进口，出口创汇，应用前景极为广泛。
附图说明
图1是实施例1的结构示意图；
图2是图1的A-A剖视图；
图3(a),图3(b)是梯形凹槽的滚动轮与游标导轨相配合的两种形式的示意图；
图4实施例2的结构示意图；
图5是图4的B-B剖视图；
图6是实施例3上下二个滚动轮的结构示意图；
图7是实施例4的结构示意图；
图8是实施例5的结构示意图；
图9(a)是矩形凹槽滚动轮与导轨之间摩擦力的受力分析图；
图9(b)是图9(a)的左视图。图中：
1.浮球 2.浮球室 3.圆柱形导轨 3’.长方体形导轨 4.定滑轮 5.联接绳或联接带 6.刻度尺 7.导轨加强筋板 8.游标 8-1，8-1’.滚动轴承 8-2.磁钢 8-3，8-3’.轴 8-4，8-4’.滚动轮 8-5.矩形框架 8-41.滚动轮的圆弧形凹槽 8-42.滚动轮的矩形凹槽 8-43.滚动轮的梯形凹槽 9.平衡锤 10.游标室 11.浮球室内的液体介质 12.浮漂 13.外置固定备用游标用的磁钢 14.备用游标 15.游标室内的液体介质 16.浮球轨道。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)基本型
一种游标显示的浮球式液位计，如图1和图2所示，包括非铁磁性材质的浮球室2，浮球室2内铁磁性材质的球形浮球1，浮球室2外与其毗邻设置刻度尺6，圆柱形导轨3，及封闭式非铁磁性透明材质的游标室10,所述刻度尺6，圆柱形导轨3的轴线及游标室10的轴线互相平行并平行于所述浮球室2的轴线，游标8及圆柱形导轨3分别设置于游标室10内；
所述的圆柱形导轨3在其靠近浮球室2一侧自上而下设有导轨加强筋板7；
其中，所述的游标8包括磁钢8-2、矩形框架8-5和滚动系统，所述滚动系统包括沿圆周表面设有径向凹槽的滚动轮8-4及其轴8-3和滚动轴承8-1；
所述矩形框架8-5具有垂直于水平面的4个侧面X1,X1,Y1,Y2；
所述磁钢8-2位于所述浮球室2与矩形框架8-5之间并固定于所述矩形框架8-5靠近所述浮球室2的侧面X1外，所述磁钢8-2的磁极正对所述浮球1；
所述轴8-3平行地面支撑于所述矩形框架8-5的两个平行侧面Y1和Y2上，所述两个平行侧面Y1和Y2为与所述其上固定了磁钢的侧面X1相垂直的平面；
所述滚动系统包括同轴的滚动轮、滚动轴承和轴，所述滚动轮沿圆周表面设有径向凹槽，所述滚动轴承内圈与所述轴过盈配合，所述滚动轴承外圈与所述滚动轮过盈配合并随之转动；
所述圆柱形导轨3套于所述矩形框架8-5内并位于所述磁钢8-2与滚动系统之间；
所述滚动系统通过磁钢8-2与浮球1之间的磁耦合力实现所述滚动轮8-4在其凹槽位置与所述的圆柱形导轨3的工作表面贴合和沿所述圆柱形导轨上下滚动。所述滚动轮的径向凹槽为与其相应的圆柱形导轨对应圆弧面相配的内凹圆弧形凹槽8-41。
所述滚动轮的径向凹槽亦可为梯形凹槽8-43，如图3(a)和图3(b)所示，即所述梯形凹槽8-43结构为外宽内窄类似于皮带轮的相应结构。在所述游标的磁钢与浮球之间的磁耦合力作用状态下，所述滚动轮的梯形凹槽8-43至少在其梯形斜边所构成的两个斜面与所述的圆柱形导轨3贴合和沿所述圆柱形导轨3上下滚动，如图3(a)所示。或者，所述滚动轮的梯形凹槽8-43在其梯形凹槽8-43的3个内侧面与所述圆柱形导轨3贴合并沿所述圆柱形导轨3上下滚动，如图3(b)所示。
(2)防护型
出于防尘防水考虑及至避免风霜雨雪对仪表的影响，所述液位计还可进一步包括一个封闭式非铁磁性的透明材质的游标室10，其与所述浮球室2毗邻设置，两者轴线平行；所述游标8和圆柱形导轨3装在所述游标室10内。所述的游标室10的内部上方投影尺寸略大于游标上方的投影尺寸，从上方往下看，是一个方箱结构。在常温下，所述游标室10内部上方的 矩形投影尺寸以每侧大于游标上方的矩形投影尺寸0.05—0.08毫米为宜。若用于高温或低温场合，应分别考虑游标室10和游标8的热胀冷缩量。
(3)定滑轮型
另外，针对某些场合，比如在高温高压或高压低密度介质的场合，由于浮球1的壁厚较大，浮球1的比重大于被测介质的比重，为了平衡浮球1的重力，需要给浮球1一个向上的提升力，则可在上述技术方案的基础上增设定滑轮4，平衡锤9及联接绳或联接带5。所述定滑轮4固定于游标室10内侧的上方，联接绳或联接带5绕过定滑轮4，两端分别联接所述平衡锤9和游标8的矩形框架8-5。
常规场合下，平衡锤9的重量G3大于游标8的重量G2以使浮球1与游标8始终形成上下之间的拉力，避免浮球1与游标8之间在磁钢8-2的中间形成死区，产生滞后。这个拉力的大小，以大于包括游标及浮球运动过程中所受机械摩擦力f且小于浮球1与游标8的上下最大磁耦合力再减去所述机械摩擦力f。浮球1的重力G1大于平衡锤9的重力G3减去游标8的重力G2且小于浮球1与游标8耦合力分离时所需的拉力再减去机械摩擦力f，并留有安全裕量。如：浮球1的重力G1减去浮球1浸入液体一半时所受的浮力F1等于平衡锤9的重力G3减去游标8的重力G2再减去机械摩擦力f。此时，磁耦合力必须大于平衡锤9的重力G3减去游标8的重力G2再加上机械摩擦力f。
实施例2
又一游标显示的浮球式液位计，如图4和图5所示，其与实施例1的防护型所不同处在于，所述的游标导轨是长方体形导轨3’；相应的，所述滚动轮8-4的径向凹槽是矩形凹槽8-42，所述矩形凹槽8-42两个内平行面的间距大于与导轨3’对应的两个外表面的间距。在游标8上的磁钢8-2与浮球1的磁耦合作用下，所述滚动轮8-4顺着所述长方体形导轨3’的工作表面滚动。
进一步的，为了避免磁钢8-2退磁后更换磁钢8-2的麻烦，所述液位计在其游标室10内上方位置设置了一个备用游标14，及对应在游标室10外通过紧固件固定一个固定备用游标用的磁钢13，并通过所述磁钢13与所述备用游标14的磁钢的磁耦合实现对备用游标14的固定。
实施例3
另一游标显示的浮球式液位计，其在前述液位计的基础上，对其游标8进行了改进，即所述游标8包括两套所述滚动系统，即包括两只滚动轮8-4，8-4’及其各自的轴8-3，8-3’和滚动轴承8-1，8-1’，如图6所示。所述两套滚动系统上下平行设置于所述的同一矩形框架8-5内，且其中的二根轴8-3，8-3’构成的平面与地面相垂直，藉此以避免游标8在上下运动过程中产生绕轴的旋转，提高使用的精度和可靠性。
实施例4
再一游标显示的浮球式液位计，如图7所示，其基于前述各种液位计的技术方案的基础上，考虑平衡浮球1的浮力的需要，所述的游标8的下方固定浮漂12构成浮标，所述浮漂12也可以在所述游标8的上方，同时，在所述的游标室10内充入液体介质15，给所述游标或浮标提供一个浮力。
所述游标的比重小于所述游标室10内液体15的比重，平衡状态下，游标8所受的浮力F2减去游标的重力G2等于浮球1的重力G1减去浮球1浸入液体大约一半时浮球所受的浮力F1,即F2-G2＝G1-F1。
实施例5
如图8所示，在前述各种液位计的基础上，为了进一步避免浮球室内的液体介质11内含有杂质影响浮球1的滚动，所述浮球室2靠近游标8一侧的内壁上有2条凸起的浮球轨道16，以使浮球1上下运动时，在所述球形轨道16的支撑下，不直接贴在浮球室2内壁上，以免被杂质卡住。
针对上述实施例中所提供的各种液位计，还可出于不同的技术效果考虑，而做出进一步的改进，比如：
为了降低滚动轮与游标导轨之间的摩擦力，可采取在所述滚动轮8—4的径向凹槽工作表面(即所述凹槽与直线轨道相贴紧并沿轨道滚动的配合面)包覆聚四氟乙烯防护层。
出于耐高温、耐高压、耐腐蚀及降低浮球1比重的考虑，可在所述的铁磁性材质的浮球1外包覆碳纤维防护层。
或出于耐腐蚀的考虑，可在所述铁磁性材质的浮球1外包覆防护层，如包覆聚四氟乙烯的防护层。
出于耐高温、耐高压、和耐腐蚀的考虑，可在所述的铁磁性材质的浮球1外包覆耐高温的高合金钢制的防护层，如304、316或CrMo钢等，或可采用高合金钢，如2Cr13，制作所述浮 球。
同样出于耐腐蚀的考虑，所述的浮球室2可用塑料，如聚四氟乙烯，或玻璃等制成，或浮球室的内壁衬覆防腐蚀层。
为了显示醒目清晰，可采用在所述的游标8上涂覆诸如红色的标记和/或涂覆稀土自发光材料层。
为了隔热或隔冷并实现节能，所述的浮球室2的外壁与游标8或游标室10之间可设置保温或保冷层，如隔热可采用硅酸铝镁材料，或者纳米陶瓷材料与硅酸盐或硅酸铝纤维组成的隔热材料，其厚度几毫米即可满足要求。隔冷则可采用聚胺脂或脲胺脂材料。并由此实现节能。
为了防止游标8因意外从高处落下摔碎，可在游标室10内的下方设置弹簧或充填软质材料。
为了降低球形浮球1的重量，浮球1可做成中空的。
为了便于观测，降低摩擦力，提高测量精度，避免挥发影响使用，游标室10内的液体介质15采用透明并有润滑性能的介质，如变压器油或食用油等。
为了实现远传，在所述游标8的磁钢8—2附近自上而下布置磁敏元件。
使用时，浮球1与游标8脱离的情况下，为了使这二者重新耦合在一起，可以手持一块磁钢寻找浮球1的位置，再用手将游标8或者当游标室10存在时用磁钢吸引游标8牵引至浮球1的附近后松开手或移开手持的磁钢。
发明人做过多年设备管理，做过压力容器和管道设计，致力于研究多种液位计，做过许多实验，并用了6年多的时间，综合考虑精度、成本、使用的可靠性、可维修性、解决现有的技术难题，同时考虑节能、适用的工艺条件、市场需求性、可加工性、用户的维修费用等种种因素的基础上，并对浮球与浮球室进行强度计算和材料选择后设计出的优选方案并最终形成本发明的技术方案，旨在针对液位计用于各种不同场合的需要，包括诸如解决高温高压或高压低密度介质中等液位测量的难题，及许多场合不敢用玻璃板液位计的难题等等。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种游标显示的浮球式液位计，包括浮球室，铁磁性材质的浮球,刻度尺，浮球室外的游标和一根游标导轨；其特征在于:
    所述的游标包括磁钢、框架和水平固定并套于所述框架内的滚动系统；其中：
    所述滚动系统包括同轴的滚动轮、滚动轴承和轴，所述滚动轮沿圆周表面设有径向凹槽，所述滚动轴承内圈与所述轴配合，所述滚动轴承外圈与所述滚动轮配合并随之转动；
    所述轴由所述框架支撑固定并平行于地面；
    所述磁钢固定于所述框架上靠近所述浮球室一侧外部，其磁极正对所述浮球；
    所述游标导轨套于所述框架内位于所述磁钢与滚动系统之间；
    通过所述磁钢与浮球之间的磁耦合力，所述滚动轮在其凹槽位置与所述的游标导轨的工作表面贴合并沿所述游标导轨上下滚动。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的游标显示的浮球式液位计，其特征在于:
    所述的游标导轨上靠近浮球室一侧自上而下设有导轨加强筋板。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的游标显示的浮球式液位计，其特征在于:
    所述滚动轮上径向凹槽的形状与所述游标导轨贴合处的形状相对应。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的游标显示的浮球式液位计，其特征在于:
    所述游标导轨是圆柱形导轨，所述滚动轮的径向凹槽为与所述圆柱形导轨与其贴合处的圆弧面相一致的内凹圆弧形凹槽。
  5. 如权利要求1或2所述的游标显示的浮球式液位计，其特征在于:
    所述游标导轨是圆柱形导轨，所述滚动轮的径向凹槽为梯形凹槽；
    在所述滚动系统通过磁钢与浮球之间的磁耦合力作用状态下，所述滚动轮的梯形凹槽至少在其梯形斜边所构成的两个内斜面与所述的圆柱形导轨的工作表面贴合和沿所述圆柱形导轨上下滚动。
  6. 如权利要求3所述的游标显示的浮球式液位计，其特征在于:
    所述的游标导轨是长方体形导轨；所述滚动轮的径向凹槽是矩形凹槽。
  7. 如权利要求1或2所述的游标显示的浮球式液位计，其特征在于:
    所述滚动系统包括两套，所述两套滚动系统上下平行设置于所述的同一框架内，且其中的二根轴构成的平面与地面相垂直。
  8. 如权利要求1或2所述的游标显示的浮球式液位计，其特征在于:
    还包括一个封闭式非铁磁性的透明材质的游标室，其与所述浮球室毗邻设置，两者轴线平行；所述游标和导轨装在所述游标室内。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的游标显示的浮球式液位计，其特征在于:
    所述的游标室内充有液体介质，其中设置浮标，所述浮标包括所述游标及固定于所述游标上的浮漂。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的游标显示的浮球式液位计，其特征在于：
    还包括一个备用游标，所述备用游标位于游标室内的上方，其通过固定于游标室外的磁钢固定。
  11. 如权利要求1，2，9或10任一所述的游标显示的浮球式液位计，其特征在于:
    还包括定滑轮系统，其固定于所述游标的正上方，其联接绳一端连接平衡锤，另一端连接所述框架。
  12. 如权利要求8所述的游标显示的浮球式液位计，其特征在于:
    还包括定滑轮系统，其固定于所述游标的正上方，其联接绳一端连接平衡锤，另一端连接所述框架。
  13. 如权利要求1，2，9或10任一所述的游标显示的浮球式液位计，其特征在于：
    所述的铁磁性材质的浮球外包覆防护层，所述防护层采用碳纤维、聚四氟乙烯材质或高合金钢材质。
  14. 如权利要求8所述的游标显示的浮球式液位计，其特征在于：
    所述的铁磁性材质的浮球外包覆防护层，所述防护层采用碳纤维、聚四氟乙烯材质或高合金钢材质。
  15. 如权利要求1，2，9或10任一所述的游标显示的浮球式液位计，其特征在于：
    所述浮球室靠近游标一侧的内壁上设有凸起的浮球轨道。
  16. 如权利要求8所述的游标显示的浮球式液位计，其特征在于：
    所述浮球室靠近游标一侧的内壁上设有凸起的浮球轨道。
PCT/CN2016/102648 2015-11-18 2016-10-20 游标显示的浮球式液位计 WO2017084466A1 (zh)

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