WO2017081390A1 - Solar installation with clamping system for two photovoltaic panels on a carrier member - Google Patents

Solar installation with clamping system for two photovoltaic panels on a carrier member Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017081390A1
WO2017081390A1 PCT/FR2016/052864 FR2016052864W WO2017081390A1 WO 2017081390 A1 WO2017081390 A1 WO 2017081390A1 FR 2016052864 W FR2016052864 W FR 2016052864W WO 2017081390 A1 WO2017081390 A1 WO 2017081390A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
photovoltaic panels
spar
clamping system
installation
central
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2016/052864
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Madyan MICHOTTE DE WELLE
Original Assignee
Optimum Tracker
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Optimum Tracker filed Critical Optimum Tracker
Publication of WO2017081390A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017081390A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/60—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/63—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules for fixing modules or their peripheral frames to supporting elements
    • F24S25/634—Clamps; Clips
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/10—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules extending in directions away from a supporting surface
    • F24S25/12—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules extending in directions away from a supporting surface using posts in combination with upper profiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/20—Peripheral frames for modules
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/60—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/63—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules for fixing modules or their peripheral frames to supporting elements
    • F24S25/632—Side connectors; Base connectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2025/80—Special profiles
    • F24S2025/804—U-, C- or O-shaped; Hat profiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/30—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules using elongate rigid mounting elements extending substantially along the supporting surface, e.g. for covering buildings with solar heat collectors
    • F24S25/33—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules using elongate rigid mounting elements extending substantially along the supporting surface, e.g. for covering buildings with solar heat collectors forming substantially planar assemblies, e.g. of coplanar or stacked profiles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a solar installation comprising a carrier structure and at least one pair of photovoltaic panels supported by this carrier structure, where the two photovoltaic panels are held in place on at least one carrier beam of this carrier structure by means of a clamping system.
  • the invention is therefore in the field of solar installations with photovoltaic panels carried by bearing structures, fixed or mobile in rotation; a bearing structure movable in rotation that can be movable along a single generally horizontal axis, called single-axis follower structure, or be movable along two generally horizontal and vertical axes, called bi-axis follower structure.
  • the carrier structure comprises a support platform for photovoltaic panels, and this carrier structure is composed of an assembly of several longitudinal members associated with sleepers on which the photovoltaic panels rest.
  • a photovoltaic panel conventionally comprises a metal frame having two so-called opposite longitudinal edges and two opposed transverse edges.
  • the present invention aims to solve all or part of the aforementioned drawbacks, by proposing a clamping system that is easy and fast to use, offering a robust and reliable maintenance of photovoltaic panels directly on the loadbearing beams, thus allowing cross ties.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a clamping system which also makes it possible to achieve an electrical equipotential bonding between the metal frames of the photovoltaic panels and the carrier structure.
  • a solar installation comprising a supporting structure and at least one pair of photovoltaic panels supported by said supporting structure, in which:
  • each photovoltaic panel comprises a metal frame having two opposite first lateral edges and two opposite second lateral edges, each lateral edge having two opposite faces, namely an external face and an inner face from which an internal rim protrudes internally on the underside of the solar panel ;
  • the carrier structure comprises a carrier central spar having an upper face and first and second opposite side faces, and at least one peripheral support spar parallel to the central spar and having an upper face;
  • said installation being remarkable in that it comprises at least one clamping system of the two photovoltaic panels on the central spar, this clamping system comprising two brackets each presenting a plate in which is provided an orifice and a tab laterally folded relative to the plate, where the two brackets are fixed to the central spar below the two respective photovoltaic panels, with their plates fixed on a side face of the central spar to means of screw and nut assemblies passing through said lateral face and the orifices of the plates, where the two tabs respectively pass over the internal edges of the two second aligned lateral edges of the two photovoltaic panels, so that these internal edges are sandwiched between the tabs and the upper side of the central spar to keep veneered both photovoltaic panels on the central spar.
  • photovoltaic panels come directly on support rails, not requiring sleepers thanks to the clamping system.
  • a clamping system will allow to maintain in place and in alignment two photovoltaic panels side by side, directly on a carrier spar, coming to fix the brackets on the carrier spar and coming pinch, with the legs, the edges internals provided on the underside of the two photovoltaic panels, guaranteeing a durable and easy fixing of the panels directly on the carrier spar. Thanks to the invention, it is therefore useless to use sleepers of expensive and complex design, with back-to-back rails in which we put the photovoltaic panels.
  • the installation comprises at least a first pair of photovoltaic panels and at least a second pair of photovoltaic panels
  • the carrier structure comprises first and second peripheral side members respectively positioned facing the first and second side faces.
  • the central spar the central spar being positioned between the two said peripheral spars, where:
  • the two photovoltaic panels of the first pair are supported on both the central spar and on the first peripheral spar, and are held clad on the central spar by means of a first clamping system fixed on the first lateral face of the spar. central spar;
  • the two photovoltaic panels of the second pair are supported both on the central spar and on the second peripheral spar, and are held pressed against the central spar by means of a second spider system. clamping fixed on the second side face of the central spar, facing the first clamping system.
  • first pair or pairs of panels extend in a first row while the second pair or pairs of panels extend in a second row, the clamping systems providing maintenance on the same central spar.
  • the two legs of the or each clamping system have free edges plated on the respective inner faces of the two second aligned lateral edges of the two photovoltaic panels concerned.
  • the two legs of the or each clamping system are provided with incisal elements on their respective free edges, and these incisive elements penetrate the metallic material of the respective inner faces of the two second aligned lateral edges of the two photovoltaic panels concerned.
  • the or each clamping system will also serve as an electrical equipotential bonding system, in order to electrically connect the metal frames of the two photovoltaic panels to the ground. Indeed, the electrical connection will be made between the metal frames of the photovoltaic panels and the metal carrying spar via the clamping system, and then simply connect electrically grounded carrier spar for grounding these metal frames.
  • the two legs of the or each clamping system are folded substantially at right angles to their respective plates.
  • the two tabs of the or each clamping system are folded relative to their respective plates at an angle less than 90 °, preferably between 82 ° and 88 °, so that the gap between said tabs and the internal flanges concerned diminish closer to the inner faces of the second side edges, to lead to a support tabs on said inner flanges.
  • Folding at an angle of less than 90 ° advantageously allows clamping of the panels while taking into account the mounting clearance.
  • the or at least one clamping system is made in one piece in the form of a flange, where the two brackets are secured to a common plate, so that said flange comprises the plate in which are provided the two orifices, said platen having a flange along which are provided the two protruding tabs laterally folded relative to the plate, said tabs being spaced apart from each other along said flange.
  • this clamping system otherwise called flange, forms a single piece, so that the two brackets are united and inseparable.
  • a tongue protrudes from the rim of the common plate, in a coplanar extension with the plate, said tongue being disposed midway between the two lugs, this tongue being interposed between the two first side edges. respective adjacent ones of the two photovoltaic panels concerned.
  • Such a tab thus makes it possible to block the photovoltaic panels axially, while ensuring a fixed gap between these two photovoltaic panels.
  • the or at least one clamping system is formed of two separate brackets and thus dissociable.
  • the two photovoltaic panels of the or each pair are held clad on the peripheral spar concerned by means of an inner tie having:
  • each photovoltaic panel is kept plated on the central spar by means of two clamping systems, with a right-hand clamping system positioned at one of its first side edges and a clamping system. left positioned at the other of its first lateral borders.
  • the clamping system on the right ensures the maintenance at the same time the inside panel of the right panel, while the clamping system on the left ensures the maintenance of both the inside panel of the left panel.
  • the clamping system on the right ensures the maintenance of both the outer panel and the right adjacent panel (respectively on the left ), while the clamping system on the left (respectively right) only ensures the maintenance of the outer panel.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view from above of an installation according to the invention, a first step of the assembly, the photovoltaic panels are not yet implemented so that the supporting structure is fully visible;
  • FIG. 2 is a zoomed view of zone II of FIG. 1, illustrating a first flange forming a clamping system for two photovoltaic panels, fixed on the central spar and ready to hold for a first pair of photovoltaic panels. a first row;
  • FIG. 3 is a zoomed view of zone II of FIG. 1 exploded
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional side view of a first flange in place on the central spar, without being fully tightened in this first step;
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view from above of the installation of FIG. 1, at a second stage of assembly, during which the photovoltaic panels of the first row are put in place and held together with the first flanges on the central spar;
  • FIG. 6 is a zoomed view of the zone VI of Figure 5, illustrating the establishment of a photovoltaic panel of the first row relative to the first associated flange;
  • FIG. 7 is a side view in section identical to that of Figure 4, with the photovoltaic panel which is placed on the spar central before coming to cooperate with the first flange, it remaining incompletely tightened during this second step;
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view from above of the installation of FIG. 1, at a third stage of assembly, after all the photovoltaic panels of the first row have been put in place, and during which fasteners internal and external are fixed on the first peripheral spar for the plating of the photovoltaic panels of the first row on the first peripheral spar;
  • FIG. 9 is a zoomed view of the zone IX of FIG. 8, illustrating the introduction of an external fastener and an inner fastener;
  • FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an inner clip
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an outer clip
  • FIG. 12 is a perspective view from above of the same zone as in FIGS. 2 and 6, illustrating a first flange after a fourth assembly step during which the fastening nuts of this first flange are tightened on the spar. central, one of the two panels of the first row being schematically illustrated in broken lines and completely transparent for clarity;
  • FIG. 13 is a bottom perspective view of the first flange of FIG. 12, after the fourth step of tightening the nuts, the two panels of the first row held by this first flange being illustrated;
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view from above of the installation of FIG. 1, at a fifth stage of assembly, during which the photovoltaic panels of the second row are put in place and held with second clamps on the central spar;
  • FIG. 15 is a zoomed view of the zone XV of FIG. 14, illustrating the placement of a second flange after the two panels of the second row have been placed, a panel of the first row and a panel of the second row being schematically illustrated in broken lines and totally transparent for clarity;
  • FIG. 16 is a view identical to that of Figure 15 after tightening the fastening nuts of the second flange;
  • Fig. 17 is a bottom perspective view of a second flange employed for holding an outer panel of the second row;
  • FIG. 18 is a side view in section identical to that of Figures 4 and 7, with a photovoltaic panel of the first row plated by a first flange and a photovoltaic panel contiguous to the second row plated by a second flange;
  • FIG. 19 is a perspective view from above of the installation of FIG. 1, at a sixth stage of assembly, after all the photovoltaic panels of the second row have been put in place, and during which fasteners internal and external are fixed on the second peripheral spar for the plating of the photovoltaic panels of the second row on the second peripheral spar;
  • Figure 20 is similar to those of Figures 15 and 16 with two clamping systems according to an alternative embodiment.
  • an installation 1 comprises a carrying structure 2 integrating three parallel longitudinal (preferably horizontal) parallel members 21, 22, 23, namely a first peripheral spar 21, a second peripheral spar 22, and a central spar 23 positioned between the two said peripheral spars 21, 22.
  • These three spars 21, 22, 23 are metallic, substantially identical and of the same length.
  • the central spar 23 has an upper face 230 and first and second opposite lateral faces 231, 232, the first and second peripheral spars 21, 22 being respectively positioned facing, and substantially at equal distances, first and second lateral faces 231, 232 of the central spar 23.
  • the first and second peripheral spars 21, 22 each have an upper face 210, 220.
  • the carrier structure 2 further comprises transverse beams 24 which support the three longitudinal members 21, 22, 23, as well as anchoring posts 25 to the ground on which these transverse beams 24 are fixed. Stay cables 26 are also provided between the bases. posts 25 and transverse beams 24. It is also conceivable that the longitudinal members 21, 22, 23 and / or the transverse beams 24 rest directly on a support (for example a frame such as a roof), without the posts 25. In the example shown, the carrier structure 2 is fixed, and the longitudinal members 21, 22, 23 define a support plane for the photovoltaic panels 6 (described below) inclined relative to the substantially horizontal ground, so that the first peripheral spar 21 is located at a height relative to the ground which is less than the height of the second peripheral spar 22 relative to the ground.
  • first flanges 3 are fixed, at regular intervals, on the first lateral face 231 of the central spar 23.
  • first flanges 3 are all identical, and each comprises a plate 30 in which two orifices 31 are provided, this plate 30 having a flange 32 along which are provided two projecting fastening tabs 33 laterally folded with respect to the plate 30.
  • Each first flange 3 forms, as will be explained hereinafter, a clamping system capable of clamping together two photovoltaic panels 6 on the central spar 23.
  • the two lugs 33 have respective free edges provided with incisors 34.
  • the lugs 33 are provided at the opposite ends of the plate 30 and are spaced apart from one another along the flange 32.
  • the lugs 33 are coplanar.
  • the tabs 33 are folded substantially at right angles to the plate 30, at an angle between 82 ° and 88 °.
  • Each first flange 3 further comprises a tongue 35 which protrudes from the rim 32 of the plate 30, in a coplanar extension with the plate 30, this tongue 35 being disposed midway between the two tabs 33.
  • This tongue 35 has a given width which will define the spacing between two adjacent photovoltaic panels 6 of the same row.
  • the spacing between the tongue 35 and each of the tabs 33 is defined to allow an inner flange 612 (described below) of a photovoltaic panel 6 to be interposed between the tongue 35 and the corresponding lug 33; in other words, the spacing between the tongue 35 and each of the tabs 33 is slightly greater than the width of such an internal rim 612.
  • Each first flange 3 is fixed on the first lateral face 231 of the central spar 23 by means of two sets of screws 40 and nut 41.
  • pairs of orifices 233 are provided at regular intervals on the first lateral face 231 of the central spar 23, and the two screws 40 pass through the orifices 31 of the plate 30 and these orifices 233, to cooperate with the nuts 41.
  • the flange 32 comes substantially in alignment with the upper face 230 of the central spar 23 and the two lugs 33 are slightly spaced apart by an offset EB with respect to this face.
  • upper 230 to allow, as explained below, internal flanges 622 of two adjacent photovoltaic panels 6 of the same row to be interposed between the legs 33 and the upper face 230.
  • the tongue 35 exceeds above the upper face 230 of the central spar 23.
  • the photovoltaic panels 6 of a first row are placed on the central spar 23 and on the first peripheral spar 21.
  • Each photovoltaic panel 6 comprises a metal frame 60 having two opposite first lateral edges 61 (in the direction of the length in the illustrated example) and two opposite second lateral edges 62 (in the width direction in the illustrated example).
  • Each first lateral edge 61 has two opposite faces, namely an outer face 610 and an internal face 61 1 of which internally protrudes an inner rim 612 on the underside of the photovoltaic panel 6.
  • Each second lateral edge 62 has two opposite faces, namely an outer face 620 and an inner face 621 from which internally protrudes an inner rim 622 on the underside of the photovoltaic panel 6.
  • the inner flanges 612, 622 are coplanar and parallel to the main plane of the photovoltaic panel 6, and define a peripheral plateau lower on the underside of the photovoltaic panel 6.
  • the tongue 35 is interposed between the two first respective adjacent lateral edges 61 of the two photovoltaic panels 6 concerned of the first row.
  • a third step once all the photovoltaic panels 6 of the first row are placed on the central spar 23 and on the first peripheral spar 21, internal fasteners 7 are interposed between the first two spars. respective adjacent lateral edges 61 of the photovoltaic panels 6, and external fasteners 8 are placed on the first external lateral edges 61 of the two photovoltaic panels 6 at the beginning and end of the first row.
  • Each fastener 7, 8 is fixed on the upper face 210 of the first peripheral spar 21 by means of a screw assembly 42 and nut 43; the two outer fasteners 8 being fixed on both ends of the first peripheral spar 21, and the inner fasteners 7 are fixed at regular intervals between the outer fasteners 8.
  • the upper face 210 of the first peripheral spar 21 is provided at intervals regular holes 213 for the passage of screws 42.
  • each inner fastener 7 has a general "T" shape and comprises:
  • a base 70 whose width is substantially equivalent to that of the tongue 35 of a first flange 3, this base 70 being provided to be interposed between the two first adjacent lateral edges 61 respective photovoltaic panels 6 concerned, and this base 70 being pierced to allow its attachment to the upper face 210 of the first peripheral spar 21 by means of a screw assembly 42 and nut 43; and
  • each outer attachment 8 has a general shape in "Z" and comprises:
  • a base 80 pierced to allow its attachment to the upper face 210 of the first peripheral spar 21 (at one of its ends) by means of a screw assembly 42 and nut 43;
  • a lateral flange 81 folded substantially at a right angle with respect to the base 70, this flange 81 being provided to bear on the top of a photovoltaic panel 6 situated at the beginning or end of the first row, after tightening the nut 43.
  • each photovoltaic panel 6 is kept plated on the central spar 23 by means of two first flanges 3, with a first flange on the right and a first flange on the left. Only the first flanges 3 located on the ends of the central spar 23 participate in the maintenance of only one photovoltaic panel 6 located at the beginning or end of the first row, while the other first flanges 3 participate in the concomitant maintenance of two photovoltaic panels 6 adjacent.
  • the photovoltaic panels 6 of a second row are placed on the central spar 23 and on the second peripheral spar 22, systematically placing a photovoltaic panel 6 of the second row in front of a photovoltaic panel 6 of the first row; these photovoltaic panels 6 being identical to those of the first row.
  • second flanges 3 (identical to the first flanges 3) are fixed on the second side face 232 of the central spar 3 opposite the corresponding first flanges 3; fixing these second flanges 3 being identical to that of the first flanges 3, using screw 40 and nut 41 assemblies and providing pairs of orifices at regular intervals on the second side face 232 of the central spar 23.
  • the internal flanges 612 of the first lateral edges 61 of each photovoltaic panel 6 of the second row bear directly on the second peripheral spar 22.
  • a sixth step once all the photovoltaic panels 6 of the second row are placed on the central spar 23 and on the second peripheral spar 22, internal fasteners 7 are interposed between the first two edges. respective side walls 61 of the photovoltaic panels 6, and outer fasteners 8 are placed on the first lateral edges 61 of the two photovoltaic panels 6 at the beginning and end of the first row.
  • each fastener 7, 8 is fixed on the upper face 220 of the second peripheral spar 22 by means of a screw and nut assembly.
  • the upper face 220 of the second peripheral spar 22 is also provided at regular intervals with orifices for the passage of the screws. At this point, the nuts for the fasteners 7, 8 are not completely tightened on the corresponding screws.
  • the photovoltaic panels 6 are only supported by the longitudinal members 21, 22, 23, without the use of crosspieces, and the flanges 3, associated with the fasteners 7, 8, provide a stable, durable and robust fixing of the photovoltaic panels. 6 on these longitudinal members 21, 22, 23.
  • brackets 9a, 9b identical and separate (unlike at the flange 3 where the two brackets 3a, 3b are integral parts of the same part), each bracket 9a, 9b comprising a plate 90 in which is provided an orifice (not visible) and a tab 93 laterally folded relative to the platinum 90.
  • a bracket 9a, 9b substantially corresponds to half of a flange 3 cut in half.
  • the use of this clamping system 9 is identical to that of the flange 3, with the difference that this clamping system 9 does not have a tab 35 which is interposed between the two photovoltaic panels 6.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)

Abstract

Solar installation comprising: - a carrier structure having a central member (23) and at least one peripheral member; - at least two photovoltaic panels each comprising a metal frame (60) having two first side edges (61) and two second side edges (62), each side edge having an inner rim on the underside of the panel; - at least one clamping system (3) comprising a pair of angle brackets each having a plate (30) fixed on the central member and a tab (33) laterally folded down and passing on top of the internal rim of a panel, such that the inner rims of the two panels are clamped between the tabs and the central member. The present invention finds application in the field of solar installations, and particularly in the earthing of photovoltaic panels.

Description

Installation solaire avec système de serrage de deux panneaux photovoltaïques sur un longeron porteur  Solar installation with clamping system of two photovoltaic panels on a carrier spar
La présente invention se rapporte à une installation solaire comprenant une structure porteuse et au moins une paire de panneaux photovoltaïques supportés par cette structure porteuse, où les deux panneaux photovoltaïques sont maintenus en place sur au moins un longeron porteur de cette structure porteuse au moyen d'un système de serrage. The present invention relates to a solar installation comprising a carrier structure and at least one pair of photovoltaic panels supported by this carrier structure, where the two photovoltaic panels are held in place on at least one carrier beam of this carrier structure by means of a clamping system.
L'invention concerne aussi l'emploi d'un tel système de serrage comme système de liaison équipotentielle électrique, afin de raccorder électriquement les cadres métalliques des panneaux photovoltaïques à la structure porteuse.  The invention also relates to the use of such a clamping system as an electrical equipotential bonding system, for electrically connecting the metal frames of the photovoltaic panels to the supporting structure.
L'invention se situe donc dans le domaine des installations solaires avec des panneaux photovoltaïques portés par des structures porteuses, fixes ou mobiles en rotation ; une structure porteuse mobile en rotation pouvant être mobile selon un unique axe généralement horizontal, appelée structure suiveuse mono-axe, ou bien être mobile selon deux axes généralement horizontal et vertical, appelée structure suiveuse bi-axes.  The invention is therefore in the field of solar installations with photovoltaic panels carried by bearing structures, fixed or mobile in rotation; a bearing structure movable in rotation that can be movable along a single generally horizontal axis, called single-axis follower structure, or be movable along two generally horizontal and vertical axes, called bi-axis follower structure.
De manière connue, la structure porteuse comporte une plateforme de support des panneaux photovoltaïques, et cette structure porteuse est composée d'un assemblage de plusieurs longerons associés à des traverses sur lesquelles reposent les panneaux photovoltaïques. En outre, un panneau photovoltaïque comprend classiquement un cadre métallique présentant deux bordures dites longitudinales opposées et deux bordures dites transversales opposées.  In known manner, the carrier structure comprises a support platform for photovoltaic panels, and this carrier structure is composed of an assembly of several longitudinal members associated with sleepers on which the photovoltaic panels rest. In addition, a photovoltaic panel conventionally comprises a metal frame having two so-called opposite longitudinal edges and two opposed transverse edges.
Pour maintenir les panneaux photovoltaïques en place sur les longerons, il est indispensable de prévoir des dispositifs de maintien adéquats.  To maintain the photovoltaic panels in place on the rails, it is essential to provide adequate holding devices.
A cet effet, il est classique d'utiliser des vis auto-foreuses qui traversent à la fois le cadre du panneau photovoltaïque et les traverses. Cependant, une telle solution, en plus d'endommager le cadre, complexifie les opérations de montage car elle nécessite un outillage adapté et un centrage précis des vis auto-foreuses, pour éviter d'abîmer les cellules photovoltaïques.  For this purpose, it is conventional to use self-drilling screws that cross both the frame of the photovoltaic panel and the sleepers. However, such a solution, in addition to damaging the frame, complicates the assembly operations because it requires appropriate tools and precise centering of the self-drilling screws, to avoid damaging the photovoltaic cells.
Il est également connu du document WO 2015/144601 d'employer, pour la structure porteuse, des traverses fixées sur trois longerons où les traverses sont des profilés présentant chacun deux rails dos à dos, les panneaux photovoltaïques étant enfilés par coulissement à l'intérieur des rails des profilés, et des butées étant ensuite placées aux extrémités des rails pour bloquer les panneaux photovoltaïques. Cependant, cette solution présente l'inconvénient d'être complexe dans la mesure où elle nécessite des étapes de positionnement et d'alignement précis des profilés sur les trois longerons, et elle également coûteuse avec l'emploi de ces profilés. It is also known from document WO 2015/144601 to use, for the supporting structure, crosspieces fixed on three longitudinal members where the cross members are sections each having two rails back to back, the photovoltaic panels being slidingly threaded therein rails profiles, and abutments then being placed at the ends of the rails to block the photovoltaic panels. However, this solution has the disadvantage of being complex insofar as it requires steps of precise positioning and alignment of the profiles on the three longitudinal members, and it also expensive with the use of these profiles.
La présente invention a pour but de résoudre en tout ou partie les inconvénients précités, en proposant un système de serrage qui soit d'utilisation simple et rapide, offrant un maintien robuste et fiable des panneaux photovoltaïques directement sur les longerons porteurs, permettant ainsi de se passer des traverses.  The present invention aims to solve all or part of the aforementioned drawbacks, by proposing a clamping system that is easy and fast to use, offering a robust and reliable maintenance of photovoltaic panels directly on the loadbearing beams, thus allowing cross ties.
Un autre but de la présente invention est d'offrir un système de serrage qui permet de également de réaliser une liaison équipotentielle électrique entre les cadres métalliques des panneaux photovoltaïques et la structure porteuse.  Another object of the present invention is to provide a clamping system which also makes it possible to achieve an electrical equipotential bonding between the metal frames of the photovoltaic panels and the carrier structure.
A cet effet, elle propose une installation solaire comprenant une structure porteuse et au moins une paire de panneaux photovoltaïques supportés par ladite structure porteuse, dans laquelle :  For this purpose, it proposes a solar installation comprising a supporting structure and at least one pair of photovoltaic panels supported by said supporting structure, in which:
- chaque panneau photovoltaïque comprend un cadre métallique présentant deux premières bordures latérales opposées et deux secondes bordures latérales opposées, chaque bordure latérale présentant deux faces opposées, à savoir une face externe et une face interne de laquelle fait saillie intérieurement un rebord interne sur le dessous du panneau photovoltaïque ; each photovoltaic panel comprises a metal frame having two opposite first lateral edges and two opposite second lateral edges, each lateral edge having two opposite faces, namely an external face and an inner face from which an internal rim protrudes internally on the underside of the solar panel ;
- la structure porteuse comporte un longeron central porteur présentant une face supérieure et des première et seconde faces latérales opposées, et au moins un longeron périphérique porteur parallèle au longeron central et présentant une face supérieure ; - The carrier structure comprises a carrier central spar having an upper face and first and second opposite side faces, and at least one peripheral support spar parallel to the central spar and having an upper face;
où les deux panneaux photovoltaïques de ladite paire sont disposés côte à côte et présentent : where the two photovoltaic panels of said pair are arranged side by side and present:
- deux premières bordures latérales respectives adjacentes et dont les rebords internes reposent en appui sur la face supérieure du longeron périphérique ; et  - Two respective adjacent second side edges and whose inner flanges rest in abutment on the upper face of the peripheral spar; and
- deux secondes bordures latérales respectives alignées et dont les rebords internes reposent en appui sur la face supérieure du longeron central ;  - Two second respective lateral edges aligned and whose inner flanges rest in abutment on the upper face of the central spar;
ladite installation étant remarquable en ce qu'elle comprend au moins un système de serrage des deux panneaux photovoltaïques sur le longeron central, ce système de serrage comprenant deux équerres présentant chacune une platine dans laquelle est prévu un orifice et une patte latéralement rabattue par rapport à la platine, où les deux équerres sont fixées sur le longeron central en-dessous des deux panneaux photovoltaïques respectifs, avec leurs platines fixées sur une face latérale du longeron central au moyen d'ensembles vis et écrou traversant ladite face latérale et les orifices des platines, où les deux pattes passent respectivement par-dessus les rebords internes des deux secondes bordures latérales alignées des deux panneaux photovoltaïques, de sorte que ces rebords internes sont enserrés entre les pattes et la face supérieure du longeron central pour maintenir plaqués les deux panneaux photovoltaïques sur le longeron central. said installation being remarkable in that it comprises at least one clamping system of the two photovoltaic panels on the central spar, this clamping system comprising two brackets each presenting a plate in which is provided an orifice and a tab laterally folded relative to the plate, where the two brackets are fixed to the central spar below the two respective photovoltaic panels, with their plates fixed on a side face of the central spar to means of screw and nut assemblies passing through said lateral face and the orifices of the plates, where the two tabs respectively pass over the internal edges of the two second aligned lateral edges of the two photovoltaic panels, so that these internal edges are sandwiched between the tabs and the upper side of the central spar to keep veneered both photovoltaic panels on the central spar.
Ainsi, les panneaux photovoltaïques viennent directement en appui sur les longerons porteurs, ne nécessitant pas de traverses grâce au système de serrage. En effet, un tel système de serrage va permettre de maintenir en place et en alignement deux panneaux photovoltaïques côte à côte, directement sur un longeron porteur, en venant fixer les équerres sur le longeron porteur et en venant pincer, avec les pattes, les rebords internes prévus sur le dessous des deux panneaux photovoltaïques, garantissant une fixation pérenne et aisée des panneaux directement sur le longeron porteur. Grâce à l'invention, il est donc inutile d'employer des traverses de conception coûteuse et complexe, avec des rails dos à dos dans laquelle on enfile les panneaux photovoltaïques.  Thus, photovoltaic panels come directly on support rails, not requiring sleepers thanks to the clamping system. Indeed, such a clamping system will allow to maintain in place and in alignment two photovoltaic panels side by side, directly on a carrier spar, coming to fix the brackets on the carrier spar and coming pinch, with the legs, the edges internals provided on the underside of the two photovoltaic panels, guaranteeing a durable and easy fixing of the panels directly on the carrier spar. Thanks to the invention, it is therefore useless to use sleepers of expensive and complex design, with back-to-back rails in which we put the photovoltaic panels.
Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, l'installation comprend au moins une première paire de panneaux photovoltaïques et au moins une seconde paire de panneaux photovoltaïques, et la structure porteuse comprend des premier et second longerons périphériques positionnés respectivement en regard des première et seconde faces latérales du longeron central, le longeron central étant positionné entre les deux dits longerons périphériques, où :  In a particular embodiment, the installation comprises at least a first pair of photovoltaic panels and at least a second pair of photovoltaic panels, and the carrier structure comprises first and second peripheral side members respectively positioned facing the first and second side faces. the central spar, the central spar being positioned between the two said peripheral spars, where:
- les deux panneaux photovoltaïques de la première paire sont en appui à la fois sur le longeron central et sur le premier longeron périphérique, et sont maintenus plaqués sur le longeron central au moyen d'un premier système de serrage fixé sur la première face latérale du longeron central ; et  the two photovoltaic panels of the first pair are supported on both the central spar and on the first peripheral spar, and are held clad on the central spar by means of a first clamping system fixed on the first lateral face of the spar. central spar; and
- les deux panneaux photovoltaïques de la seconde paire sont en appui à la fois sur le longeron central et sur le second longeron périphérique, et sont maintenus plaqués sur le longeron central au moyen d'un second système de serrage fixé sur la seconde face latérale du longeron central, en face du premier système de serrage. the two photovoltaic panels of the second pair are supported both on the central spar and on the second peripheral spar, and are held pressed against the central spar by means of a second spider system. clamping fixed on the second side face of the central spar, facing the first clamping system.
Ainsi, la ou les premières paires de panneaux s'étendent selon une première rangée tandis que la ou les secondes paires de panneaux s'étendent selon une seconde rangée, les systèmes de serrage assurant un maintien sur le même longeron central.  Thus, the first pair or pairs of panels extend in a first row while the second pair or pairs of panels extend in a second row, the clamping systems providing maintenance on the same central spar.
Selon une possibilité de l'invention, une fois les écrous serrés sur les vis, les deux pattes du ou de chaque système de serrage présentent des bords libres plaquées sur les faces internes respectives des deux secondes bordures latérales alignées des deux panneaux photovoltaïques concernés.  According to a possibility of the invention, once the nuts are tightened on the screws, the two legs of the or each clamping system have free edges plated on the respective inner faces of the two second aligned lateral edges of the two photovoltaic panels concerned.
De manière avantageuse, les deux pattes du ou de chaque système de serrage sont munie d'éléments incisifs sur leurs bords libres respectifs, et ces éléments incisifs pénètrent la matière métallique des faces internes respectives des deux secondes bordures latérales alignées des deux panneaux photovoltaïques concernés.  Advantageously, the two legs of the or each clamping system are provided with incisal elements on their respective free edges, and these incisive elements penetrate the metallic material of the respective inner faces of the two second aligned lateral edges of the two photovoltaic panels concerned.
Ainsi, le ou chaque système de serrage servira également de système de liaison équipotentielle électrique, afin de raccorder électriquement les cadres métalliques des deux panneaux photovoltaïques à la terre. En effet, la connexion électrique sera réalisée entre les cadres métalliques des panneaux photovoltaïques et le longeron porteur métallique via le système de serrage, et il suffira ensuite de raccorder électriquement à la terre le longeron porteur pour une mise à la terre de ces cadres métalliques.  Thus, the or each clamping system will also serve as an electrical equipotential bonding system, in order to electrically connect the metal frames of the two photovoltaic panels to the ground. Indeed, the electrical connection will be made between the metal frames of the photovoltaic panels and the metal carrying spar via the clamping system, and then simply connect electrically grounded carrier spar for grounding these metal frames.
Selon une autre possibilité de l'invention, les deux pattes du ou de chaque système de serrage sont pliées sensiblement à angle droit par rapport à leurs platines respectives.  According to another possibility of the invention, the two legs of the or each clamping system are folded substantially at right angles to their respective plates.
Avantageusement, les deux pattes du ou de chaque système de serrage sont pliées par rapport à leurs platines respectives selon un angle inférieur à 90°, de préférence entre 82° et 88°, de sorte que l'écart entre lesdites pattes et les rebords internes concernés diminuent en se rapprochant des faces internes des secondes bordures latérales, jusqu'à conduire à un appui des pattes sur lesdits rebords internes.  Advantageously, the two tabs of the or each clamping system are folded relative to their respective plates at an angle less than 90 °, preferably between 82 ° and 88 °, so that the gap between said tabs and the internal flanges concerned diminish closer to the inner faces of the second side edges, to lead to a support tabs on said inner flanges.
Un pliage selon un angle inférieur à 90° permet avantageusement un serrage des panneaux tout prenant en compte les jeux de montage.  Folding at an angle of less than 90 ° advantageously allows clamping of the panels while taking into account the mounting clearance.
Selon une première possibilité de l'invention, le ou au moins un système de serrage est réalisé d'un seul tenant sous la forme d'une bride, où les deux équerres sont solidarisées à une platine commune, de sorte que ladite bride comprend la platine dans laquelle sont prévus les deux orifices, ladite platine présentant un rebord le long duquel sont prévues les deux pattes saillantes latéralement rabattues par rapport à la platine, lesdites pattes étant espacées l'une de l'autre le long dudit rebord. According to a first possibility of the invention, the or at least one clamping system is made in one piece in the form of a flange, where the two brackets are secured to a common plate, so that said flange comprises the plate in which are provided the two orifices, said platen having a flange along which are provided the two protruding tabs laterally folded relative to the plate, said tabs being spaced apart from each other along said flange.
Ainsi, ce système de serrage, autrement appelé bride, forme une pièce unique, de sorte que les deux équerres sont réunies et indissociables.  Thus, this clamping system, otherwise called flange, forms a single piece, so that the two brackets are united and inseparable.
Dans une réalisation particulière de la bride, une languette fait saillie du rebord de la platine commune, dans un prolongement coplanaire avec la platine, ladite languette étant disposée à mi-chemin entre les deux pattes, cette languette étant intercalée entre les deux premières bordures latérales respectives adjacentes des deux panneaux photovoltaïques concernés.  In a particular embodiment of the flange, a tongue protrudes from the rim of the common plate, in a coplanar extension with the plate, said tongue being disposed midway between the two lugs, this tongue being interposed between the two first side edges. respective adjacent ones of the two photovoltaic panels concerned.
Une telle languette permet ainsi de bloquer axialement les panneaux photovoltaïques, tout en assurant un écartement fixe entre ces deux panneaux photovoltaïques.  Such a tab thus makes it possible to block the photovoltaic panels axially, while ensuring a fixed gap between these two photovoltaic panels.
Selon une seconde possibilité de l'invention, le ou au moins un système de serrage est formé de deux équerres distinctes et donc dissociables.  According to a second possibility of the invention, the or at least one clamping system is formed of two separate brackets and thus dissociable.
Conformément à une autre caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, les deux panneaux photovoltaïques de la ou chaque paire sont maintenus plaqués sur le longeron périphérique concerné au moyen d'une attache intérieure présentant :  According to another advantageous characteristic of the invention, the two photovoltaic panels of the or each pair are held clad on the peripheral spar concerned by means of an inner tie having:
- une embase intercalée entre les deux premières bordures latérales adjacentes respectives desdits panneaux photovoltaïques, et fixée sur la face supérieure dudit longeron périphérique au moyen d'un ensemble vis et écrou ; et  a base interposed between the respective first two adjacent lateral edges of said photovoltaic panels, and fixed on the upper face of said peripheral spar by means of a screw and nut assembly; and
- deux ailes latérales rabattues par rapport à l'embase, lesdites ailes venant en appui sur le dessus desdits panneaux photovoltaïques après serrage de l'écrou.  - Two side wings folded relative to the base, said wings bearing on the top of said photovoltaic panels after tightening the nut.
Dans un mode de réalisation avantageux, chaque panneau photovoltaïque est maintenu plaqué sur le longeron central au moyen de deux systèmes de serrage, avec un système de serrage à droite positionné au niveau de l'une de ses premières bordures latérales et un système de serrage à gauche positionné au niveau de l'autre de ses premières bordures latérales.  In an advantageous embodiment, each photovoltaic panel is kept plated on the central spar by means of two clamping systems, with a right-hand clamping system positioned at one of its first side edges and a clamping system. left positioned at the other of its first lateral borders.
Lorsqu'un panneau photovoltaïque dit intérieur est bordé à droite et à gauche par deux panneaux photovoltaïques adjacents, respectivement de droite et de gauche, le système de serrage à droite assure le maintien à la fois du panneau intérieur du panneau de droite, tandis que le système de serrage à gauche assure le maintien à la fois du panneau intérieur du panneau de gauche. When an indoor photovoltaic panel is bordered on the right and left by two adjacent photovoltaic panels, right and left respectively, the clamping system on the right ensures the maintenance at the same time the inside panel of the right panel, while the clamping system on the left ensures the maintenance of both the inside panel of the left panel.
Lorsqu'un panneau photovoltaïque dit extérieur est bordé uniquement à droite ou à gauche par un panneau photovoltaïque adjacent, le système de serrage à droite (respectivement gauche) assure le maintien à la fois du panneau extérieur et du panneau adjacent de droite (respectivement de gauche), tandis que le système de serrage à gauche (respectivement droite) assure uniquement le maintien du panneau extérieur.  When an outdoor photovoltaic panel is bordered only to the right or left by an adjacent photovoltaic panel, the clamping system on the right (respectively left) ensures the maintenance of both the outer panel and the right adjacent panel (respectively on the left ), while the clamping system on the left (respectively right) only ensures the maintenance of the outer panel.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée ci-après, d'un exemple de mise en œuvre non limitatif, faite en référence aux figures annexées qui illustrent les différentes étapes de montage d'une installation conforme à l'invention, et dans lesquelles :  Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent on reading the following detailed description of an example of non-limiting implementation, made with reference to the appended figures which illustrate the different steps of mounting an installation. according to the invention, and in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue en perspective de dessus d'une installation conforme à l'invention, à une première étape du montage, les panneaux photovoltaïques n'étant pas encore mis en place de sorte que la structure porteuse est intégralement visible ;  - Figure 1 is a perspective view from above of an installation according to the invention, a first step of the assembly, the photovoltaic panels are not yet implemented so that the supporting structure is fully visible;
- la figure 2 est une vue zoomée de la zone II de la figure 1 , illustrant une première bride formant un système de serrage de deux panneaux photovoltaïques, fixée sur le longeron central et prête à assurer le maintien pour une première paire de panneaux photovoltaïques d'une première rangée ;  FIG. 2 is a zoomed view of zone II of FIG. 1, illustrating a first flange forming a clamping system for two photovoltaic panels, fixed on the central spar and ready to hold for a first pair of photovoltaic panels. a first row;
- la figure 3 est une vue zoomée de la zone II de la figure 1 en éclatée ; FIG. 3 is a zoomed view of zone II of FIG. 1 exploded;
- la figure 4 est une vue de côté en coupe d'une première bride en place sur le longeron central, sans être complètement serrée lors de cette première étape ; - Figure 4 is a sectional side view of a first flange in place on the central spar, without being fully tightened in this first step;
- la figure 5 est une vue en perspective de dessus de l'installation de la figure 1 , à une deuxième étape du montage, au cours de laquelle les panneaux photovoltaïques de la première rangée sont mis en place et maintenus avec les premières brides sur le longeron central ;  FIG. 5 is a perspective view from above of the installation of FIG. 1, at a second stage of assembly, during which the photovoltaic panels of the first row are put in place and held together with the first flanges on the central spar;
- la figure 6 est une vue zoomée de la zone VI de la figure 5, illustrant la mise en place d'un panneau photovoltaïque de la première rangée par rapport à la première bride associée ;  - Figure 6 is a zoomed view of the zone VI of Figure 5, illustrating the establishment of a photovoltaic panel of the first row relative to the first associated flange;
- la figure 7 est une vue de côté en coupe identique à celle de la figure 4, avec le panneau photovoltaïque qui vient se placer sur le longeron central avant de venir coopérer avec la première bride, celle-ci demeurant incomplètement serrée lors de cette deuxième étape ; - Figure 7 is a side view in section identical to that of Figure 4, with the photovoltaic panel which is placed on the spar central before coming to cooperate with the first flange, it remaining incompletely tightened during this second step;
- la figure 8 est une vue en perspective de dessus de l'installation de la figure 1 , à une troisième étape du montage, après que tous les panneaux photovoltaïques de la première rangée aient été mis en place, et au cours de laquelle des attaches intérieures et extérieures sont fixées sur le premier longeron périphérique pour le plaquage des panneaux photovoltaïques de la première rangée sur le premier longeron périphérique ;  FIG. 8 is a perspective view from above of the installation of FIG. 1, at a third stage of assembly, after all the photovoltaic panels of the first row have been put in place, and during which fasteners internal and external are fixed on the first peripheral spar for the plating of the photovoltaic panels of the first row on the first peripheral spar;
- la figure 9 est une vue zoomée de la zone IX de la figure 8, illustrant la mise en place d'une attache extérieure et d'une attache intérieure FIG. 9 is a zoomed view of the zone IX of FIG. 8, illustrating the introduction of an external fastener and an inner fastener;
- la figure 10 est une vue en perspective d'une attache intérieure ; - Figure 10 is a perspective view of an inner clip;
- la figure 1 1 est une vue en perspective d'une attache extérieure ; - Figure 1 1 is a perspective view of an outer clip;
- la figure 12 est une vue en perspective de dessus de la même zone que sur les figures 2 et 6, illustrant une première bride après une quatrième étape du montage au cours de laquelle les écrous de fixation de cette première bride sont serrés sur le longeron central, l'un des deux panneaux concernés de la première rangée étant schématiquement illustré en trait interrompu et totalement transparent pour plus de clarté ;FIG. 12 is a perspective view from above of the same zone as in FIGS. 2 and 6, illustrating a first flange after a fourth assembly step during which the fastening nuts of this first flange are tightened on the spar. central, one of the two panels of the first row being schematically illustrated in broken lines and completely transparent for clarity;
- la figure 13 est une vue en perspective de dessous de la première bride de la figure 12, après la quatrième étape de serrage des écrous, les deux panneaux de la première rangée maintenus par cette première bride étant illustrés ; FIG. 13 is a bottom perspective view of the first flange of FIG. 12, after the fourth step of tightening the nuts, the two panels of the first row held by this first flange being illustrated;
- la figure 14 est une vue en perspective de dessus de l'installation de la figure 1 , à une cinquième étape du montage, au cours de laquelle les panneaux photovoltaïques de la seconde rangée sont mis en place et maintenus avec des secondes brides sur le longeron central ;  FIG. 14 is a perspective view from above of the installation of FIG. 1, at a fifth stage of assembly, during which the photovoltaic panels of the second row are put in place and held with second clamps on the central spar;
- la figure 15 est une vue zoomée de la zone XV de la figure 14, illustrant le placement d'une seconde bride après la pose des deux panneaux de la seconde rangée, un panneau de la première rangée et un panneau de la seconde rangée étant schématiquement illustrés en trait interrompu et totalement transparent pour plus de clarté ;  FIG. 15 is a zoomed view of the zone XV of FIG. 14, illustrating the placement of a second flange after the two panels of the second row have been placed, a panel of the first row and a panel of the second row being schematically illustrated in broken lines and totally transparent for clarity;
- la figure 16 est une vue identique à celle de la figure 15 après serrage des écrous de fixation de la seconde bride ; - la figure 17 est une vue en perspective de dessous d'une seconde bride employée pour le maintien d'un panneau extérieure de la seconde rangée ; - Figure 16 is a view identical to that of Figure 15 after tightening the fastening nuts of the second flange; Fig. 17 is a bottom perspective view of a second flange employed for holding an outer panel of the second row;
- la figure 18 est une vue de côté en coupe identique à celle des figures 4 et 7, avec un panneau photovoltaïque de la première rangée plaquée par une première bride et un panneau photovoltaïque contigu de la seconde rangée plaquée par une seconde bride ;  - Figure 18 is a side view in section identical to that of Figures 4 and 7, with a photovoltaic panel of the first row plated by a first flange and a photovoltaic panel contiguous to the second row plated by a second flange;
- la figure 19 est une vue en perspective de dessus de l'installation de la figure 1 , à une sixième étape du montage, après que tous les panneaux photovoltaïques de la seconde rangée aient été mis en place, et au cours de laquelle des attaches intérieures et extérieures sont fixées sur le second longeron périphérique pour le plaquage des panneaux photovoltaïques de la seconde rangée sur le second longeron périphérique ; et  FIG. 19 is a perspective view from above of the installation of FIG. 1, at a sixth stage of assembly, after all the photovoltaic panels of the second row have been put in place, and during which fasteners internal and external are fixed on the second peripheral spar for the plating of the photovoltaic panels of the second row on the second peripheral spar; and
- la figure 20 est vue similaire à celles des figures 15 et 16 avec deux systèmes de serrage conformes à une variante de réalisation.  - Figure 20 is similar to those of Figures 15 and 16 with two clamping systems according to an alternative embodiment.
En référence à la figure 1 , une installation 1 conforme à l'invention comporte une structure porteuse 2 intégrant trois longerons 21 , 22, 23 porteurs parallèles (de préférence horizontaux), à savoir un premier longeron périphérique 21 , un second longeron périphérique 22 et un longeron central 23 positionné entre les deux dits longerons périphériques 21 , 22. Ces trois longerons 21 , 22, 23 sont métalliques, sensiblement identiques et de mêmes longueurs.  With reference to FIG. 1, an installation 1 according to the invention comprises a carrying structure 2 integrating three parallel longitudinal (preferably horizontal) parallel members 21, 22, 23, namely a first peripheral spar 21, a second peripheral spar 22, and a central spar 23 positioned between the two said peripheral spars 21, 22. These three spars 21, 22, 23 are metallic, substantially identical and of the same length.
Le longeron central 23 présente une face supérieure 230 et des première et seconde faces latérales 231 , 232 opposées, les premier et second longerons périphériques 21 , 22 étant positionnés respectivement en regard, et sensiblement à égales distances, des première et seconde faces latérales 231 , 232 du longeron central 23. Les premier et second longerons périphériques 21 , 22 présentent chacun une face supérieure 210, 220.  The central spar 23 has an upper face 230 and first and second opposite lateral faces 231, 232, the first and second peripheral spars 21, 22 being respectively positioned facing, and substantially at equal distances, first and second lateral faces 231, 232 of the central spar 23. The first and second peripheral spars 21, 22 each have an upper face 210, 220.
La structure porteuse 2 comprend en outre des poutres transversales 24 qui supportent les trois longerons 21 , 22, 23, ainsi que des poteaux 25 d'ancrage au sol sur lesquels sont fixés ces poutres transversales 24. Des haubans 26 sont également prévus entre les bases des poteaux 25 et les poutres transversales 24. Il est également envisageable que les longerons 21 , 22, 23 et/ou les poutres transversales 24 reposent directement sur un support (par exemple un bâti tel qu'un toit), sans les poteaux 25. Dans l'exemple illustré, la structure porteuse 2 est fixe, et les longerons 21 , 22, 23 définissent un plan de support pour les panneaux photovoltaïques 6 (décrits ci-après) incliné par rapport au sol sensiblement horizontal, de sorte que le premier longeron périphérique 21 est situé à une hauteur par rapport au sol qui est inférieure à la hauteur du second longeron périphérique 22 par rapport au sol . The carrier structure 2 further comprises transverse beams 24 which support the three longitudinal members 21, 22, 23, as well as anchoring posts 25 to the ground on which these transverse beams 24 are fixed. Stay cables 26 are also provided between the bases. posts 25 and transverse beams 24. It is also conceivable that the longitudinal members 21, 22, 23 and / or the transverse beams 24 rest directly on a support (for example a frame such as a roof), without the posts 25. In the example shown, the carrier structure 2 is fixed, and the longitudinal members 21, 22, 23 define a support plane for the photovoltaic panels 6 (described below) inclined relative to the substantially horizontal ground, so that the first peripheral spar 21 is located at a height relative to the ground which is less than the height of the second peripheral spar 22 relative to the ground.
En référence aux figures 1 à 3, dans une première étape de montage, des premières brides 3 sont fixées, à intervalles réguliers, sur la première face latérale 231 du longeron central 23.  With reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, in a first assembly step, first flanges 3 are fixed, at regular intervals, on the first lateral face 231 of the central spar 23.
Ces premières brides 3 sont toutes identiques, et chacune comprend une platine 30 dans laquelle sont prévus deux orifices 31 , cette platine 30 présentant un rebord 32 le long duquel sont prévues deux pattes 33 d'accrochage saillantes latéralement rabattues par rapport à la platine 30.  These first flanges 3 are all identical, and each comprises a plate 30 in which two orifices 31 are provided, this plate 30 having a flange 32 along which are provided two projecting fastening tabs 33 laterally folded with respect to the plate 30.
Chaque première bride 3 forme, ainsi qu'expliqué ci-après, un système de serrage propre à serrer conjointement deux panneaux photovoltaïques 6 sur le longeron central 23. Chaque première bride 3, de par sa conception, comprend donc deux (ou une paire de) équerres 3a, 3b (voir figure 2) solidaires l'une de l'autre, chaque équerre 3a, 3b comprenant une patte 33 et la platine 30 qui est commune aux deux équerres 3a, 3b.  Each first flange 3 forms, as will be explained hereinafter, a clamping system capable of clamping together two photovoltaic panels 6 on the central spar 23. Each first flange 3, by design, therefore comprises two (or a pair of) ) brackets 3a, 3b (see Figure 2) integral with each other, each bracket 3a, 3b comprising a tab 33 and the plate 30 which is common to the two brackets 3a, 3b.
Les deux pattes 33 présentent des bords libres respectifs munis d'éléments incisifs 34. Les pattes 33 sont prévues aux extrémités opposées de la platine 30 et sont espacées l'une de l'autre le long du rebord 32. Les pattes 33 sont coplanaires. Les pattes 33 sont pliées sensiblement à angle droit par rapport à la platine 30, selon un angle compris entre 82° et 88°.  The two lugs 33 have respective free edges provided with incisors 34. The lugs 33 are provided at the opposite ends of the plate 30 and are spaced apart from one another along the flange 32. The lugs 33 are coplanar. The tabs 33 are folded substantially at right angles to the plate 30, at an angle between 82 ° and 88 °.
Chaque première bride 3 comprend en outre une languette 35 qui fait saillie du rebord 32 de la platine 30, dans un prolongement coplanaire avec la platine 30, cette languette 35 étant disposée à mi-chemin entre les deux pattes 33. Cette languette 35 présente une largeur donnée qui définira l'écartement entre deux panneaux photovoltaïques 6 adjacents d'une même rangée. L'écartement entre la languette 35 et chacune des pattes 33 est défini pour permettre à un rebord interne 612 (décrit ci-après) d'un panneau photovoltaïque 6 de s'intercaler entre la languette 35 et la patte 33 correspondante ; autrement dit l'écartement entre la languette 35 et chacune des pattes 33 est légèrement supérieur à la largeur d'un tel rebord interne 612.  Each first flange 3 further comprises a tongue 35 which protrudes from the rim 32 of the plate 30, in a coplanar extension with the plate 30, this tongue 35 being disposed midway between the two tabs 33. This tongue 35 has a given width which will define the spacing between two adjacent photovoltaic panels 6 of the same row. The spacing between the tongue 35 and each of the tabs 33 is defined to allow an inner flange 612 (described below) of a photovoltaic panel 6 to be interposed between the tongue 35 and the corresponding lug 33; in other words, the spacing between the tongue 35 and each of the tabs 33 is slightly greater than the width of such an internal rim 612.
Chaque première bride 3 est fixée sur la première face latérale 231 du longeron central 23 au moyen de deux ensembles vis 40 et écrou 41 . A cet effet, des couples d'orifices 233 sont prévus à intervalles réguliers sur la première face latérale 231 du longeron central 23, et les deux vis 40 traversent les orifices 31 de la platine 30 et ces orifices 233, pour coopérer avec les écrous 41 . Each first flange 3 is fixed on the first lateral face 231 of the central spar 23 by means of two sets of screws 40 and nut 41. In this Indeed, pairs of orifices 233 are provided at regular intervals on the first lateral face 231 of the central spar 23, and the two screws 40 pass through the orifices 31 of the plate 30 and these orifices 233, to cooperate with the nuts 41.
Comme visible sur la figure 2, une fois la première bride 3 en place, le rebord 32 vient sensiblement en arasement avec la face supérieure 230 du longeron central 23 et les deux pattes 33 sont légèrement écartées d'un écart EB par rapport à cette face supérieure 230, afin de permettre, comme expliqué plus loin, à des rebords internes 622 de deux panneaux photovoltaïques 6 adjacents d'une même rangée de venir s'intercaler entre les pattes 33 et cette face supérieure 230. La languette 35 dépasse quant à elle au-dessus de la face supérieure 230 du longeron central 23.  As can be seen in FIG. 2, once the first flange 3 has been in place, the flange 32 comes substantially in alignment with the upper face 230 of the central spar 23 and the two lugs 33 are slightly spaced apart by an offset EB with respect to this face. upper 230, to allow, as explained below, internal flanges 622 of two adjacent photovoltaic panels 6 of the same row to be interposed between the legs 33 and the upper face 230. The tongue 35 exceeds above the upper face 230 of the central spar 23.
Comme visible sur la figure 4, lors de cette première étape, les écrous 41 ne sont pas complètement serrés sur les vis 40, laissant les premières brides 3 libres de légèrement se mouvoir pour faciliter le placement des panneaux photovoltaïques 6 de la première rangée. Il est à noter que sur la figure 2, les écrous 41 sont représentés comme serrés sur les vis 40, mais ce n'est pas encore le cas à ce stade du montage.  As shown in Figure 4, during this first step, the nuts 41 are not completely tightened on the screws 40, leaving the first flanges 3 free to move slightly to facilitate the placement of the photovoltaic panels 6 of the first row. It should be noted that in Figure 2, the nuts 41 are shown as tight on the screws 40, but this is not yet the case at this stage of the assembly.
En référence aux figures 5 à 7, dans une deuxième étape, les panneaux photovoltaïques 6 d'une première rangée (rangée du bas) sont placés sur le longeron central 23 et sur le premier longeron périphérique 21 .  With reference to FIGS. 5 to 7, in a second step, the photovoltaic panels 6 of a first row (bottom row) are placed on the central spar 23 and on the first peripheral spar 21.
Chaque panneau photovoltaïque 6 comprend un cadre métallique 60 présentant deux premières bordures latérales 61 opposées (dans le sens de la longueur dans l'exemple illustré) et deux secondes bordures latérales 62 opposées (dans le sens de la largeur dans l'exemple illustré).  Each photovoltaic panel 6 comprises a metal frame 60 having two opposite first lateral edges 61 (in the direction of the length in the illustrated example) and two opposite second lateral edges 62 (in the width direction in the illustrated example).
Chaque première bordure latérale 61 présente deux faces opposées, à savoir une face externe 610 et une face interne 61 1 de laquelle fait saillie intérieurement un rebord interne 612 sur le dessous du panneau photovoltaïque 6. Chaque seconde bordure latérale 62 présente deux faces opposées, à savoir une face externe 620 et une face interne 621 de laquelle fait saillie intérieurement un rebord interne 622 sur le dessous du panneau photovoltaïque 6. Les rebords internes 612, 622 sont coplanaires et parallèles au plan principal du panneau photovoltaïque 6, et définissent un plateau périphérique inférieur sur le dessous du panneau photovoltaïque 6.  Each first lateral edge 61 has two opposite faces, namely an outer face 610 and an internal face 61 1 of which internally protrudes an inner rim 612 on the underside of the photovoltaic panel 6. Each second lateral edge 62 has two opposite faces, namely an outer face 620 and an inner face 621 from which internally protrudes an inner rim 622 on the underside of the photovoltaic panel 6. The inner flanges 612, 622 are coplanar and parallel to the main plane of the photovoltaic panel 6, and define a peripheral plateau lower on the underside of the photovoltaic panel 6.
Lors du placement d'un panneau photovoltaïque 6 de la première rangée, ce dernier est d'abord posé sur le premier longeron périphérique 21 , puis il est basculé de sorte que le rebord interne 612 d'une première bordure latérale 61 vienne se positionner entre une patte 33 et la languette 35 de la première bride 3 (comme schématisé par les flèches F1 des figures 6 et 7, facilitant ainsi le positionnement du panneau photovoltaïque 6 par indexage), ce rebord interne 612 venant alors directement en appui sur la face supérieure 230 du longeron central 23, et enfin le panneau photovoltaïque 6 est glissé pour amener le rebord interne 622 d'une seconde bordure latérale 62 sous la patte 33 concernée, jusqu'à ce rebord interne 622 vienne buter contre la platine 30 (comme schématisé par la flèche F2 de la figure 7). A ce stade, les écrous 41 ne sont pas encore complètement serrés sur les vis 40. When placing a photovoltaic panel 6 of the first row, the latter is first placed on the first peripheral spar 21, then it is tilted so that the inner rim 612 of a first lateral edge 61 comes to be positioned between a tab 33 and the tongue 35 of the first flange 3 (as shown schematically by the arrows F1 of FIGS. 6 and 7, thus facilitating the positioning of the photovoltaic panel 6 by indexing), this internal rim 612 then bearing directly on the upper face 230 of the central spar 23, and finally the photovoltaic panel 6 is slid to bring the inner flange 622 of a second lateral edge 62 under the tab 33 concerned, until the internal rim 622 abuts against the plate 30 (as shown schematically by the arrow F2 of Figure 7). At this stage, the nuts 41 are not yet completely tightened on the screws 40.
Il est à noter que la languette 35 est intercalée entre les deux premières bordures latérales 61 respectives adjacentes des deux panneaux photovoltaïques 6 concernés de la première rangée.  It should be noted that the tongue 35 is interposed between the two first respective adjacent lateral edges 61 of the two photovoltaic panels 6 concerned of the first row.
Par ailleurs, les rebords internes 612 des premières bordures latérales 61 de chaque panneau photovoltaïque 6 de la première rangée, viennent directement en appui sur le premier longeron périphérique 21 .  Furthermore, the internal flanges 612 of the first lateral edges 61 of each photovoltaic panel 6 of the first row, bear directly on the first peripheral spar 21.
En référence aux figures 8 et 9, dans une troisième étape, une fois que tous les panneaux photovoltaïques 6 de la première rangée sont placés sur le longeron central 23 et sur le premier longeron périphérique 21 , des attaches intérieures 7 sont intercalées entre les deux premières bordures latérales 61 adjacentes respectives des panneaux photovoltaïques 6, et des attaches extérieures 8 sont placées sur les premières bordures latérales 61 extérieures des deux panneaux photovoltaïques 6 en début et fin de la première rangée.  With reference to FIGS. 8 and 9, in a third step, once all the photovoltaic panels 6 of the first row are placed on the central spar 23 and on the first peripheral spar 21, internal fasteners 7 are interposed between the first two spars. respective adjacent lateral edges 61 of the photovoltaic panels 6, and external fasteners 8 are placed on the first external lateral edges 61 of the two photovoltaic panels 6 at the beginning and end of the first row.
Chaque attache 7, 8 est fixée sur la face supérieure 210 du premier longeron périphérique 21 au moyen d'un ensemble vis 42 et écrou 43 ; les deux attaches extérieures 8 étant fixées sur les deux extrémités du premier longeron périphérique 21 , et les attaches intérieures 7 sont fixées à intervalles réguliers entre les attaches extérieures 8. A cet effet, la face supérieure 210 du premier longeron périphérique 21 est munie à intervalles réguliers d'orifices 213 pour le passage des vis 42.  Each fastener 7, 8 is fixed on the upper face 210 of the first peripheral spar 21 by means of a screw assembly 42 and nut 43; the two outer fasteners 8 being fixed on both ends of the first peripheral spar 21, and the inner fasteners 7 are fixed at regular intervals between the outer fasteners 8. For this purpose, the upper face 210 of the first peripheral spar 21 is provided at intervals regular holes 213 for the passage of screws 42.
En référence à la figure 10, chaque attache intérieure 7 présente une forme générale en « T » et comprend :  With reference to FIG. 10, each inner fastener 7 has a general "T" shape and comprises:
- une embase 70 dont la largeur est sensiblement équivalente à celle de la languette 35 d'une première bride 3, cette embase 70 étant prévue pour être intercalée entre les deux premières bordures latérales 61 adjacentes respectives des panneaux photovoltaïques 6 concernés, et cette embase 70 étant percée pour permettre sa fixation sur la face supérieure 210 du premier longeron périphérique 21 au moyen d'un ensemble vis 42 et écrou 43 ; eta base 70 whose width is substantially equivalent to that of the tongue 35 of a first flange 3, this base 70 being provided to be interposed between the two first adjacent lateral edges 61 respective photovoltaic panels 6 concerned, and this base 70 being pierced to allow its attachment to the upper face 210 of the first peripheral spar 21 by means of a screw assembly 42 and nut 43; and
- deux ailes 71 latérales rabattues sensiblement à angle droit par rapport à l'embase 70, ces ailes 71 étant prévues pour venir en appui sur le dessus des panneaux photovoltaïques 6 concernés après serrage de l'écrou 43. - Two wings 71 laterally folded substantially at right angles to the base 70, these wings 71 being provided to bear on top of the photovoltaic panels 6 concerned after tightening the nut 43.
En référence à la figure 1 1 , chaque attache extérieure 8 présente une forme générale en « Z » et comprend :  Referring to Figure 1 1, each outer attachment 8 has a general shape in "Z" and comprises:
- une embase 80 percée pour permettre sa fixation sur la face supérieure 210 du premier longeron périphérique 21 (à l'une de ses extrémités) au moyen d'un ensemble vis 42 et écrou 43 ; et  - A base 80 pierced to allow its attachment to the upper face 210 of the first peripheral spar 21 (at one of its ends) by means of a screw assembly 42 and nut 43; and
- une aile 81 latérale rabattue sensiblement à angle droit par rapport à l'embase 70, cette aile 81 étant prévue pour venir en appui sur le dessus d'un panneau photovoltaïque 6 situé en début ou en fin de la première rangée, après serrage de l'écrou 43.  a lateral flange 81 folded substantially at a right angle with respect to the base 70, this flange 81 being provided to bear on the top of a photovoltaic panel 6 situated at the beginning or end of the first row, after tightening the nut 43.
A ce stade, les écrous 43 ne sont pas complètement serrés sur les vis 42.  At this stage, the nuts 43 are not completely tightened on the screws 42.
En référence aux figures 12 et 13, dans une quatrième étape, une fois que toutes les attaches 7, 8 sont placées, les écrous 41 sont serrés sur les vis 40, de sorte que les premières brides 3 plaquent les panneaux photovoltaïques 6 sur le longeron central 23, avec chaque patte 33 qui vient en appui sur le rebord interne 622 concerné (de sorte que ce rebord interne 622 est serré entre la patte 33 concernée et la face supérieure 230 du longeron central 23) et avec les éléments incisifs 34 qui pénètrent la matière métallique des faces internes 621 respectives des secondes bordures latérales 62 concernées.  Referring to Figures 12 and 13, in a fourth step, once all the fasteners 7, 8 are placed, the nuts 41 are tightened on the screws 40, so that the first flanges 3 plate the photovoltaic panels 6 on the spar central 23, with each tab 33 which bears on the inner rim 622 concerned (so that the inner rim 622 is clamped between the tab 33 concerned and the upper face 230 of the central spar 23) and with the incisors 34 which penetrate the metallic material of the internal faces 621 of the respective second lateral edges 62 concerned.
Ensuite, les écrous 43 sont serrés sur les vis 42, terminant ainsi la fixation des panneaux photovoltaïques 6 de la première rangée sur le longeron central 23 et sur le premier longeron périphérique 21 .  Then, the nuts 43 are tightened on the screws 42, thus completing the fixing of the photovoltaic panels 6 of the first row on the central spar 23 and on the first peripheral spar 21.
II est à noter que chaque panneau photovoltaïque 6 est maintenu plaqué sur le longeron central 23 au moyen de deux premières brides 3, avec une première bride à droite et une première bride à gauche. Seules les premières brides 3 situées sur les extrémités du longeron central 23 participent au maintien que d'un seul panneau photovoltaïque 6 situé en début ou en fin de la première rangée, tandis que les autres premières brides 3 participent au maintien concomitant de deux panneaux photovoltaïques 6 adjacents. En référence aux figures 14 à 17, dans une cinquième étape, les panneaux photovoltaïques 6 d'une seconde rangée (rangée du haut) sont placés sur le longeron central 23 et sur le second longeron périphérique 22, en plaçant systématiquement un panneau photovoltaïque 6 de la seconde rangée en face d'un panneau photovoltaïque 6 de la première rangée ; ces panneaux photovoltaïques 6 étant identiques à ceux de la première rangée. It should be noted that each photovoltaic panel 6 is kept plated on the central spar 23 by means of two first flanges 3, with a first flange on the right and a first flange on the left. Only the first flanges 3 located on the ends of the central spar 23 participate in the maintenance of only one photovoltaic panel 6 located at the beginning or end of the first row, while the other first flanges 3 participate in the concomitant maintenance of two photovoltaic panels 6 adjacent. With reference to FIGS. 14 to 17, in a fifth step, the photovoltaic panels 6 of a second row (top row) are placed on the central spar 23 and on the second peripheral spar 22, systematically placing a photovoltaic panel 6 of the second row in front of a photovoltaic panel 6 of the first row; these photovoltaic panels 6 being identical to those of the first row.
En référence aux figures 15 et 16, à la suite ou au fur et à mesure du placement des panneaux photovoltaïques 6 de la seconde rangée, des secondes brides 3 (identiques aux premières brides 3) sont fixées sur la seconde face latérale 232 du longeron central 3, en face des premières brides 3 correspondantes ; la fixation de ces secondes brides 3 étant identiques à celle des premières brides 3, en utilisant des ensembles vis 40 et écrou 41 et en prévoyant des couples d'orifices à intervalles réguliers sur la seconde face latérale 232 du longeron central 23. De manière similaire à la première rangée, les rebords internes 612 des premières bordures latérales 61 de chaque panneau photovoltaïque 6 de la seconde rangée, viennent directement en appui sur le second longeron périphérique 22.  Referring to Figures 15 and 16, following or as the placement of the photovoltaic panels 6 of the second row, second flanges 3 (identical to the first flanges 3) are fixed on the second side face 232 of the central spar 3 opposite the corresponding first flanges 3; fixing these second flanges 3 being identical to that of the first flanges 3, using screw 40 and nut 41 assemblies and providing pairs of orifices at regular intervals on the second side face 232 of the central spar 23. In a similar manner in the first row, the internal flanges 612 of the first lateral edges 61 of each photovoltaic panel 6 of the second row, bear directly on the second peripheral spar 22.
A ce stade, les écrous 41 ne sont pas complètement serrés sur les vis 40, laissant les secondes brides 3 libres de légèrement se mouvoir.  At this stage, the nuts 41 are not completely tightened on the screws 40, leaving the second flanges 3 free to move slightly.
En référence à la figure 19, dans une sixième étape, une fois que tous les panneaux photovoltaïques 6 de la seconde rangée sont placés sur le longeron central 23 et sur le second longeron périphérique 22, des attaches intérieures 7 sont intercalées entre les deux premières bordures latérales 61 adjacentes respectives des panneaux photovoltaïques 6, et des attaches extérieures 8 sont placées sur les premières bordures latérales 61 extérieures des deux panneaux photovoltaïques 6 en début et fin de la première rangée.  With reference to FIG. 19, in a sixth step, once all the photovoltaic panels 6 of the second row are placed on the central spar 23 and on the second peripheral spar 22, internal fasteners 7 are interposed between the first two edges. respective side walls 61 of the photovoltaic panels 6, and outer fasteners 8 are placed on the first lateral edges 61 of the two photovoltaic panels 6 at the beginning and end of the first row.
Comme précédemment, chaque attache 7, 8 est fixée sur la face supérieure 220 du second longeron périphérique 22 au moyen d'un ensemble vis et écrou. A cet effet, la face supérieure 220 du second longeron périphérique 22 est également munie à intervalles réguliers d'orifices pour le passage des vis. A ce stade, les écrous pour les attaches 7, 8 ne sont pas complètement serrés sur les vis correspondantes.  As before, each fastener 7, 8 is fixed on the upper face 220 of the second peripheral spar 22 by means of a screw and nut assembly. For this purpose, the upper face 220 of the second peripheral spar 22 is also provided at regular intervals with orifices for the passage of the screws. At this point, the nuts for the fasteners 7, 8 are not completely tightened on the corresponding screws.
Enfin, et en référence à la figure 18, dans une dernière étape, une fois que toutes les attaches 7, 8 sont placées, les écrous 41 sont serrés sur les vis 40, de sorte que les secondes brides 3 plaquent les panneaux photovoltaïques 6 sur le longeron central 23, avec chaque patte 33 qui vient en appui sur le rebord interne 622 concerné et avec les éléments incisifs 34 qui pénètrent la matière métallique des faces internes 621 respectives des secondes bordures latérales 62 concernées. A l'issue de ce serrage, les secondes bordures latérales 62 des panneaux photovoltaïques 6 contigus entre deux rangées sont plaquées l'une contre l'autre, comme visible sur la figure 18, augmentant encore la stabilité du maintien des panneaux photovoltaïques 6. Finally, and with reference to FIG. 18, in a last step, once all the fasteners 7, 8 are placed, the nuts 41 are tightened on the screws 40, so that the second clamps 3 plate the photovoltaic panels 6 on the central spar 23, with each leg 33 which comes into bearing on the internal rim 622 concerned and with the incisal elements 34 which penetrate the metal material of the internal faces 621 respective second side edges 62 concerned. At the end of this clamping, the second lateral edges 62 of the photovoltaic panels 6 contiguous between two rows are pressed against each other, as can be seen in FIG. 18, further increasing the stability of the holding of the photovoltaic panels 6.
Ensuite, les écrous des attaches 7, 8 sont serrés sur les vis correspondantes, terminant ainsi la fixation des panneaux photovoltaïques 6 de la seconde rangée sur le longeron central 23 et sur le second longeron périphérique 22.  Then, the nuts of the fasteners 7, 8 are tightened on the corresponding screws, thus completing the fixing of the photovoltaic panels 6 of the second row on the central spar 23 and on the second peripheral spar 22.
Grâce à l'invention, les panneaux photovoltaïques 6 sont seulement supportés par les longerons 21 , 22, 23, sans utilisation de traverses, et les brides 3, associées aux attaches 7, 8, procurent une fixation stable, durable et robuste des panneaux photovoltaïques 6 sur ces longerons 21 , 22, 23.  Thanks to the invention, the photovoltaic panels 6 are only supported by the longitudinal members 21, 22, 23, without the use of crosspieces, and the flanges 3, associated with the fasteners 7, 8, provide a stable, durable and robust fixing of the photovoltaic panels. 6 on these longitudinal members 21, 22, 23.
Bien entendu l'exemple de mise en œuvre évoqué ci-dessus ne présente aucun caractère limitatif et d'autres améliorations et détails peuvent être apportés à l'installation selon l'invention, sans pour autant sortir du cadre de l'invention où d'autres formes de système de serrage peuvent par exemple être réalisées en lieu et place de tout ou partie des brides décrits ci-dessus.  Of course the implementation example mentioned above is not limiting and other improvements and details can be made to the installation according to the invention, without departing from the scope of the invention where Other forms of clamping system may for example be made instead of all or part of the flanges described above.
A titre d'exemple, et en référence à la figure 20, il est envisageable de remplacer l'une au moins des brides 3 par un autre système de serrage 9, qui comprend une paire d'équerres 9a, 9b identiques et séparées (contrairement à la bride 3 où les deux équerres 3a, 3b sont parties intégrantes d'une même pièce), chaque équerre 9a, 9b comprenant une platine 90 dans laquelle est prévu un orifice (non visible) et une patte 93 latéralement rabattue par rapport à la platine 90. Ainsi, une équerre 9a, 9b correspond substantiellement à la moitié d'une bride 3 coupée en deux. L'utilisation de ce système de serrage 9 est identique à celle de la bride 3, à la différence que ce système de serrage 9 ne présente pas de languette 35 qui vient s'intercaler entre les deux panneaux photovoltaïques 6.  For example, and with reference to Figure 20, it is conceivable to replace at least one of the flanges 3 by another clamping system 9, which comprises a pair of brackets 9a, 9b identical and separate (unlike at the flange 3 where the two brackets 3a, 3b are integral parts of the same part), each bracket 9a, 9b comprising a plate 90 in which is provided an orifice (not visible) and a tab 93 laterally folded relative to the platinum 90. Thus, a bracket 9a, 9b substantially corresponds to half of a flange 3 cut in half. The use of this clamping system 9 is identical to that of the flange 3, with the difference that this clamping system 9 does not have a tab 35 which is interposed between the two photovoltaic panels 6.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Installation (1 ) solaire comprenant une structure porteuse (2) et au moins une paire de panneaux photovoltaïques (6) supportés par ladite structure porteuse (2), dans laquelle : 1. Solar installation (1) comprising a carrier structure (2) and at least one pair of photovoltaic panels (6) supported by said carrier structure (2), wherein:
- chaque panneau photovoltaïque (6) comprend un cadre (60) métallique présentant deux premières bordures latérales (61 ) opposées et deux secondes bordures latérales (62) opposées, chaque bordure latérale (61 ; 62) présentant deux faces opposées, à savoir une face externe (610 ; 620) et une face interne (61 1 ; 621 ) de laquelle fait saillie intérieurement un rebord interne (612 ; 622) sur le dessous du panneau photovoltaïque (6) ; each photovoltaic panel (6) comprises a metal frame (60) presenting two opposite first lateral edges (61) and two opposite second lateral edges (62), each lateral edge (61; 62) having two opposite faces, namely one face; external (610; 620) and an inner face (61 1; 621) from which internally protrudes an inner flange (612; 622) on the underside of the photovoltaic panel (6);
- la structure porteuse (2) comporte un longeron central (23) porteur présentant une face supérieure (230) et des première et seconde faces latérales (231 , 232) opposées, et au moins un longeron périphérique (21 ; 22) porteur parallèle au longeron central (23) et présentant une face supérieure (210 ; 220) ; the carrier structure (2) comprises a central carrier (23) having an upper face (230) and opposite first and second lateral faces (231, 232), and at least one peripheral spar (21; central spar (23) and having an upper face (210; 220);
où les deux panneaux photovoltaïques (6) de ladite paire sont disposés côte à côte et présentent : where the two photovoltaic panels (6) of said pair are arranged side by side and have:
- deux premières bordures latérales (61 ) respectives adjacentes et dont les rebords internes (612) reposent en appui sur la face supérieure (210 ; 220) du longeron périphérique (21 ; 22) ; et  - two respective adjacent first lateral edges (61) and whose inner flanges (612) rest in abutment on the upper face (210; 220) of the peripheral spar (21; 22); and
- deux secondes bordures latérales (62) respectives alignées et dont les rebords internes (622) reposent en appui sur la face supérieure (230) du longeron central (23) ;  - two second lateral edges (62) respectively aligned and whose inner flanges (622) rest in abutment on the upper face (230) of the central spar (23);
ladite installation (1 ) étant caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend au moins un système de serrage (3 ; 9) des deux panneaux photovoltaïques (6) sur le longeron central (23), ledit système de serrage (3 ; 9) comprenant une paire d'équerres (3a, 3b ; 9a, 9b) présentant chacune une platine (30 ; 90) dans laquelle est prévu un orifice (31 ) et une patte (33 ; 93) latéralement rabattue par rapport à la platine (30 ; 90), où les deux équerres (3a, 3b ; 9a, 9b) sont fixées sur le longeron central (23) en-dessous des deux panneaux photovoltaïques (6) respectifs, avec leurs platines (30 ; 90) fixées sur une face latérale (231 ; 232) du longeron central (23) au moyen d'ensembles vis (40) et écrou (41 ) traversant ladite face latérale (231 ; 232) et les orifices (31 ; 91 ) des platines (30 ; 90), où les deux pattes (30 ; 90) passent respectivement par-dessus les rebords internes (622) des deux secondes bordures latérales (62) alignées des deux panneaux photovoltaïques (6), de sorte que ces rebords internes (622) sont enserrés entre les pattes (30 ; 90) et la face supérieure (230) du longeron central (23) pour maintenir plaqués les deux panneaux photovoltaïques (6) sur le longeron central (23). said installation (1) being characterized in that it comprises at least one clamping system (3; 9) of the two photovoltaic panels (6) on the central spar (23), said clamping system (3; 9) comprising a a pair of brackets (3a, 3b; 9a, 9b) each having a plate (30; 90) in which an orifice (31) and a tab (33; 93) laterally folded with respect to the plate (30; 90) are provided; ), where the two brackets (3a, 3b; 9a, 9b) are attached to the central spar (23) below the two respective photovoltaic panels (6), with their plates (30; 90) fixed on a lateral face ( 231; 232) of the central beam (23) by means of screw assemblies (40) and nut (41) passing through said lateral face (231; 232) and the orifices (31; 91) of the plates (30; the two tabs (30; 90) pass respectively over the inner flanges (622) of the two seconds aligned lateral edges (62) of the two photovoltaic panels (6), so that these internal flanges (622) are sandwiched between the tabs (30; 90) and the upper face (230) of the central spar (23) to hold them flat. two photovoltaic panels (6) on the central spar (23).
2. Installation (1 ) selon la revendication 1 , comprenant au moins une première paire de panneaux photovoltaïques (6) et au moins une seconde paire de panneaux photovoltaïques (6), et la structure porteuse (2) comprend des premier et second longerons périphériques (21 , 22) positionnés respectivement en regard des première et seconde faces latérales (231 , 232) du longeron central (23), le longeron central (23) étant positionné entre les deux dits longerons périphériques (21 , 22), où : 2. Installation (1) according to claim 1, comprising at least a first pair of photovoltaic panels (6) and at least a second pair of photovoltaic panels (6), and the carrier structure (2) comprises first and second peripheral spars (21, 22) respectively positioned facing the first and second side faces (231, 232) of the central spar (23), the central spar (23) being positioned between the two said peripheral spars (21, 22), where:
- les deux panneaux photovoltaïques (6) de la première paire sont en appui à la fois sur le longeron central (23) et sur le premier longeron périphérique (21 ), et sont maintenus plaqués sur le longeron central (23) au moyen d'un premier système de serrage (3 ; 9) fixé sur la première face latérale (231 ) du longeron central (23) ; et  the two photovoltaic panels (6) of the first pair are supported both on the central spar (23) and on the first peripheral spar (21), and are held pressed against the central spar (23) by means of a first clamping system (3; 9) attached to the first side face (231) of the central spar (23); and
- les deux panneaux photovoltaïques (6) de la seconde paire sont en appui à la fois sur le longeron central (23) et sur le second longeron périphérique (22), et sont maintenus plaqués sur le longeron central (23) au moyen d'un second système de serrage (3 ; 9) fixé sur la seconde face latérale (232) du longeron central (23), en face du premier système de serrage (3 ; 9).  the two photovoltaic panels (6) of the second pair are supported on both the central spar (23) and on the second peripheral spar (22), and are held pressed against the central spar (23) by means of a second clamping system (3; 9) fixed on the second side face (232) of the central spar (23) facing the first clamping system (3; 9).
3. Installation (1 ) selon les revendications 1 ou 2, dans laquelle, une fois les écrous (41 ) serrés sur les vis (40), les deux pattes (30) du ou de chaque système de serrage (3 ; 9) présentent des bords libres plaquées sur les faces internes (621 ) respectives des deux secondes bordures latérales (62) alignées des deux panneaux photovoltaïques (6) concernés. 3. Installation (1) according to claims 1 or 2, wherein, once the nuts (41) tightened on the screws (40), the two lugs (30) of the or each clamping system (3; 9) have free edges plated on the respective internal faces (621) of the two second aligned lateral edges (62) of the two photovoltaic panels (6) concerned.
4. Installation (1 ) selon la revendication 3, dans laquelle les deux pattes4. Installation (1) according to claim 3, wherein the two legs
(33 ; 93) du ou de chaque système de serrage (3 ; 9) sont munie d'éléments incisifs (34) sur leurs bords libres respectifs, et lesdits éléments incisifs (34) pénètrent la matière métallique des faces internes (621 ) respectives des deux secondes bordures latérales (62) alignées des deux panneaux photovoltaïques (6) concernés. (33; 93) of the or each clamping system (3; 9) are provided with incisors (34) on their respective free edges, and said incisors (34) penetrate the metal material of the respective internal faces (621). two second lateral edges (62) aligned with the two photovoltaic panels (6) concerned.
5. Installation (1 ) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle les deux pattes (30 ; 90) du ou de chaque système de serrage (3 ; 9) sont pliées sensiblement à angle droit par rapport à leurs platines (30 ; 90) respectives. 5. Installation (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the two lugs (30; 90) of the or each clamping system (3; 9) are bent substantially at right angles to their plates (30; 90) respectively.
6. Installation (1 ) selon la revendication 5, dans laquelle les deux pattes (30 ; 90) du ou de chaque système de serrage (3 ; 9) sont pliées par rapport à leurs platines (30 ; 90) respectives selon un angle inférieur à 90°, de préférence entre 82° et 88°, de sorte que l'écart entre lesdites pattes (30 ; 90) et les rebords internes (622) concernés diminuent en se rapprochant des faces internes (621 ) des secondes bordures latérales (62), jusqu'à conduire à un appui des pattes (30 ; 90) sur lesdits rebords internes (622). 6. Installation (1) according to claim 5, wherein the two lugs (30; 90) of the or each clamping system (3; 9) are folded relative to their respective plates (30; 90) at a lower angle at 90 °, preferably between 82 ° and 88 °, so that the distance between said tabs (30; 90) and the inner flanges (622) concerned decreases as it approaches the internal faces (621) of the second lateral edges ( 62) until the tabs (30; 90) are supported on said inner flanges (622).
7. Installation (1 ) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans laquelle le ou au moins un système de serrage (3) est réalisé d'un seul tenant sous la forme d'une bride (3), où les deux équerres (3a, 3b) sont solidarisées à une platine (30) commune, de sorte que ladite bride (3) comprend la platine (30) dans laquelle sont prévus les deux orifices (31 ), ladite platine (30) présentant un rebord (32) le long duquel sont prévues les deux pattes (30) saillantes latéralement rabattues par rapport à la platine (30), lesdites pattes (30) étant espacées l'une de l'autre le long dudit rebord (32). 7. Installation (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the or at least one clamping system (3) is formed in one piece in the form of a flange (3), where the two brackets (3a, 3b) are secured to a common plate (30), so that said flange (3) comprises the plate (30) in which the two orifices (31) are provided, said plate (30) having a flange (32) along which are provided the two tabs (30) projecting laterally folded relative to the plate (30), said tabs (30) being spaced apart from each other along said flange (32).
8. Installation selon la revendication 7, dans laquelle une languette (35) fait saillie du rebord (32) de la platine (30) commune, dans un prolongement coplanaire avec la platine (30), ladite languette (35) étant disposée à mi- chemin entre les deux pattes (30), ladite languette (35) étant intercalée entre les deux premières bordures latérales (61 ) respectives adjacentes des deux panneaux photovoltaïques (6) concernés. 8. Installation according to claim 7, wherein a tongue (35) protrudes from the flange (32) of the plate (30) common, in a coplanar extension with the plate (30), said tongue (35) being arranged at mid - Path between the two tabs (30), said tongue (35) being interposed between the two respective adjacent first lateral edges (61) of the two photovoltaic panels (6) concerned.
9. Installation (1 ) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans laquelle le ou au moins un système de serrage (9) est formé de deux équerres (9a, 9b) distinctes. 9. Installation (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the or at least one clamping system (9) is formed of two separate brackets (9a, 9b).
10. Installation (1 ) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle les deux panneaux photovoltaïques (6) de la ou chaque paire sont maintenus plaqués sur le longeron périphérique (21 ; 22) concerné au moyen d'une attache intérieure (7) présentant : 10. Installation (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the two photovoltaic panels (6) of the or each pair are held pressed against the peripheral spar (21; 22) concerned by means of an inner fastener (7) having:
- une embase (70) intercalée entre les deux premières bordures latérales (61 ) adjacentes respectives desdits panneaux photovoltaïques (6), et fixée sur la face supérieure (210 ; 220) dudit longeron périphérique (21 ; 22) au moyen d'un ensemble vis (42) et écrou (43) ; et  a base (70) interposed between the respective first two adjacent lateral edges (61) of said photovoltaic panels (6), and fixed on the upper face (210; 220) of said peripheral spar (21; 22) by means of a set screw (42) and nut (43); and
- deux ailes (71 ) latérales rabattues par rapport à l'embase (70), lesdites ailes (71 ) venant en appui sur le dessus desdits panneaux photovoltaïques (6) après serrage de l'écrou (43).  - Two flanges (71) lateral folded relative to the base (70), said flanges (71) resting on the top of said photovoltaic panels (6) after tightening the nut (43).
1 1 . Installation (1 ) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle chaque panneau photovoltaïque (6) est maintenu plaqué sur le longeron central (23) au moyen de deux systèmes de serrage (3 ; 9), avec un système de serrage (3 ; 9) à droite positionné au niveau de l'une de ses premières bordures latérales (61 ) et un système de serrage (3 ; 9) à gauche positionné au niveau de l'autre de ses premières bordures latérales (61 ). 1 1. Installation (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which each photovoltaic panel (6) is held pressed on the central spar (23) by means of two clamping systems (3; 9), with a clamping system ( 3; 9) positioned at one of its first side edges (61) and a clamping system (3; 9) at the left positioned at the other of its first side edges (61).
PCT/FR2016/052864 2015-11-13 2016-11-04 Solar installation with clamping system for two photovoltaic panels on a carrier member WO2017081390A1 (en)

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FR15/60855 2015-11-13
FR1560855A FR3043761B1 (en) 2015-11-13 2015-11-13 SOLAR INSTALLATION WITH TIGHTENING SYSTEM OF TWO PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS ON A CARRIER LONGERON

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